PRACTIONIST User Guide - Practionist.org
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1. P clear nbi bebo ON 2 clear Expand All Descendant node clear Callapse All Descendant Made ue fixed Properties S goal s Con under block6 over blacks s on under block9 over blocks c E wp amp Euilder amp gent 2 on under blocks over black amp amp E architectagent 2 on under black8 aver black10 m Lor 2 clear obj blockt 0 clear obj block amp E Euilder amp gent on under black4 over blocks S3 Builder gent Bel self or clear obj blockl iclear obj blackl Beli sself Bel Builder gent on under block4 rover block5 Belfself not BelBuildera gent fon under tablel rover block3 Bel self Ubifi Architecta gent on under blockz rover Hlack4 Bel self not Ubif Con under table over blocks T architectagent on under block over blockd MD architectagent 2 fon under table over block3 oes me Belfself not lUbift amp rchitectureAgent on over block3 under tabletini ArchitectAgent on under tablel rover block3 Figure 6 6 Beliefs view 6 5 Beliefs updates This view shows the list of beliefs updates within the considered agent Figure 6 7 d playergFrancaviglia 1099 JADE File View Plans Events Goals Intended means Beliefs Beliefs updating Messages Help E til Plan Library X Events t Goal Model amp Beliefs Desires Intentions ge Beliefs updating Intended Means Me2. Querying what block toMove block10 moveTo Variable Name Where Figure 6 1 The PRACTIONIST Agent Introspection Tool PAIT In the following subsections the views provided by PAIT are presented 6 1 Plan Library This view shows the list of plans within the plan library of the considered agent Figure 6 2 Some of these plans may have an associated plan description that can be displayed as in Figure 6 3 PRACTIcal reasONIng sySTem www practionist org Pag 9 PRACTIONIST playereFrancaviglia 1099 JADE PRACTIONIST Framework User Guide Version 1 0 Seles File View Plans Events Goals Intended means Beliefs Beliefs updating Messages Help GH BE Explorer player Francaviglia 1099 JADE Qu Plan Library i Events Qr Goal Model Qy Beliefs Qi Desires Intentions Qy Beliefs updating Qg Intended Means i Qg Messages Plan description i Plan Library XX Events Eo Goal Model 2 Beliefs Desires Intentions 2 Beliefs updating Intended Means Messages a E RAN rs TimeEventHandlerPlan org NE iil ci tileworld player advancedPlayer been garn manies tenari ayer stendene RandonTieSearch forran exames emo player advanedPayer Aroio brasrwsene EreedhFestTiseech ag praten examples ewer player dvaneePlayer ro Prostrwaseve Rerdontlesearch eg prost examples ewer player dvaneedPlayer ro ProwfTWASeve breadFeadeseardh og praten exa
3. Sender Protocol Performatve Selection action 3 ott 2005 17 24 34 bwa foo com AcerNegozio04 1099 JADE fipa contract net cp M 3 ott 2005 17 24 38 emsQBAcerNegozio04 1099 JADE fipa contract net feire 3 senderAgent AcerNegozio04 1099NADE fipa request request 2 Sot 2005 172452 senderAgenlaverkegono041039NADE eremes jenes 2 2005 172801 bwaiooconQAceegmeOKiOSSUADE jberemes riom 2 205 172801 waiooconQcetegozOkiOSSUADE jperemes om agent identifier name bwa foo com AcerNegozio04 1099 JADE order blocks set tables block1 black2 blocks block4 blockS blocke block block8 block9 block10 user click on a message DEBUG examples blockworld ClearBlockPlan body 33 DEBUG ClearBlockPlan body started DEBUG examples blockworld ClearBlockPlan body 36 DEBUG Achieving clear obj block10 DEBUG examples blockworld ClearBlockPlan body 40 ACHIEVED true DEBUG examples blockworld ClearBlockPlan body 45 DEBUG Querying what block toMove block10 moveTo Variable Name VWhere PRACTIcal reasONIng syS Tem Figure 6 9 Messages view www pracHonist org Version 1 0 Pag 14
4. Color Qu Events Qy Goals Direction Time Sender Protocol Performative Selection QJ Beliefs 3 ott 2005 17 24 34 bwa foo com AcerNegozio04 1099 JADE fipa contract net Jg Beliefs updating 3 ott 2005 17 24 36 jams AcerNegozio04 1099 JADE fipa contract net QJ Intended means Plan Library E Events Goals EF Beliets 2 Beliets updating S Intended means M4 Messages sender Agent AcerNegozio04 1099ADE fipa request request LH ja ER v QY Messages 3 ott 2005 17 24 52 sender Agent AcerNegozioD4 1099 JADE fipa request request Ll 3 ott 2005 17 24 55 senderAgent AcerNegozio04 1099 JADE lfipa request qury ref I 3 ott 2005 17 29 01 lbwa foo com AcerNegozio04 1099 JADE fipa request om E 3 ott 2005 17 29 04 lowa foo com AcerNegozio04 1099 JADE fipa request mom GO v v 3 ott 2005 17 29 01 bwa foo com AcerNegozio04 1099JADE fipa contract net cfp action agent identifier name bwa foo com AcerNegozio04 1099 JADE order blocks set table3 block1 block block3 block4 blockS block6 block block8 block9 block10 user click on a message DEBUG examples blockworld ClearBlockPlan body 33 DEBUG ClearBlockPlan body started DEBUG examples blockworld ClearBlockPlan body 36 DEBUG Achieving clear obj block10 DEBUG examples blockworld ClearBlockPlan body 40 ACHIEVED true DEBUG examples blockworld ClearBlockPlan body 45 DEBUG
5. e tuProlog http tuprolog alice unibo it a Java based Prolog which has been included in our framework with the version 1 3 0 e JPL http www swi prolog org a Java Interface to Prolog included in the SWI Prolog distribution The SWI Prolog installation 1s required if agents you use in your applications have a prolog belief base We have built and tested our framework with JPL 3 0 3 it is included in the SWI Prolog 5 4 7 executa ble file e log4j http Aogging apache org a logging framework included in the Apache Logging Services Pro ject We have tested our framework with log4 1 2 8 e Xerces http xerces apache org a Java XML Parser developed by the Apache Software Foundation If agents you develop will use the choreography support builded in our framework then it is mandatory the installation of Xerces We have tested our framework with Xerces 1 1 PRACTIcal reasONIng sySTem www practionist org Pag 4 PRACTIONIST Framework User Guide Version 1 0 PRACTIONIST 3 Installing PRACTIONIST To install PRACTIONIST you need to have the PRACTIONIST distribution file in the download section of the PRACTIONIST web site http www practionist org you can find the zip archive containing the framework already compiled You have to follow the steps below to install and use the PRACTIONIST framework in your projects 1 download the zip file containing the PRACTIONIST jar archive 2 download the JADE jar arch
6. 7 24 53 Achieve clear obj block107 3 ott 2005 17 24 59 3 ott 2005 17 25 11 AchievedGoalEvent Achievel clear obj black 3 ott 2005 17 25 02 3 att 2005 17 25 13 Object Arrive time Handle time Handled user click on an event BeliefBaseUpdatedEvent fixing obj blockt 5 ott 2005 17 24 54 3 ott 2005 17 25 06 GoalEvent Achieve clear obj black9j 3 ntt 2005 17 24 57 3 att 2005 17 24 59 Yes Figure 6 4 Events view 6 3 Desires Intentions This view shows the list of current desires and intentions of the considered agent Figure 6 5 player Francaviglia 1099 JADE File View Plans Events Goals Intended means Beliefs Beliefs updating Messages Help eu SE i Plan Library X Events t Goal Model oe Beliefs Desires Intentions amp 2 Beliefs updating lt Intended Means amp Messages selected Ma goal available 6 4 Beliefs Figure 6 5 Desires Intentions view This view shows the whole belief base of the considered agent providing the opportunity to browse it by using the tree structure on the left PRACTIcal reasONIng sySTem www practionist org Pag 11 PRACTIONIST Framework User Guide Version 1 0 Eti Plan Library XX Events t Goals e Beliefs fa Beliefs updating Ves Intended means Be Messages Belief Base Belief S Con under block over black s on under black8 over block 0 sd on under tables over block9
7. An example of it is shown in the following figure PRACTIcal reasONIng sySTem www practionist org Pag 7 Fi LG ER PRACTIONIST Framework User Guide Version 1 0 E blockworld properties Blocco note Sele RMI REGISTRY PLATFORM PROPERTY 1099 AGENT CLASS examples blockworld Blockwor ld gent AGENT NAME bwa AGENT BELIEFBASE c Xhblockwor ldyblockwor dlo pl AGENT ARGUMENTS self order blocks Figure 5 3 An example of configuration file Finally you have to click on the StartUp button to start the agent 6 Debugging a PRACTIONIST agent the PAIT tool The framework provides developers with the PRACTIONIST Agent Introspection Tool PAIT a visual inte grated monitoring and debugging tool which supports the analysis of the agent s state during its execution In particular the PAIT can be suitable to display test and debug the agents relevant entities and execution flow Each of these components can be observed at run time through a set of specific tabs see Figure 6 1 the content of each tab can be also displayed in an independent window PRACTIcal reasONIng sySTem www practionist org Pag 8 PRACTIONIST Framework User Guide Version 1 0 PRACTIONIST bwa foo com Sele File View Plans Events Goals Intended means Beliefs Beliefs updating Messages Help emisIO Explorer bwa foo com QJ Plan Library Open E Select all EG Delete selected amp Delete all i Fitter T
8. ENGINEERING R amp D Lab Palermo Italy NGEGNERIA NFORMATICA http res eng it pr FRACTIcal reasON Ing sySTem PRACTIONIST Framework User Guide Engineering Ingegneria Informatica S p A 2008 PRACTIONIST Framework User Guide Version 1 0 Table of contents I What is the PRACTIONIST framework errrrrrrvvrvvvvvrvrvvvnvrnsnsnsvevssnnnsnrssnnnnnnsnsnsnnnsnsnsnnnnsnsnnsensnsssssssssssssssssssne 3 2 RT 4 gt Installing PRAC HONBT D e 5 4 Developing PRACTIONIST multi agent systems rrrnnnnrnrnrrnnrnrrrrnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnrrrrrrnnnrrrrrnnnnnnnneseesssersrrnnnnsssnnnnnnn 5 5 Starting PRACTIONIST agents 5 Ve L 6 32 TENNENE 7 6 Debugging a PRACTIONIST agent the PAIT tool eesseeeeeesesseeseeeeeeeeeene nennen nennen enne nnns 8 EE 20 El SEE EEE EE A EEE AE 9 S c 10 NNN 1 PN 11 Oe MEN UII AS TOT 12 GN 13 SEE ESS EE EE EEE Tee 13 PRACTIcal reasONIng sySTem www practionist org Pas 2 PRACTIONIST Framework User Guide Version 1 0 PRACTIONIST 1 What is the PRACTIONIST framework PRACTIONIST PRACTIcal reasONIng sySTem is a new framework built on the Bratman s theory of practi cal reasoning to support the development of BDI agents in Java The framework is built on top of JADE 11 a widespread platform that implements the FIPA specifications and that provides some core services s
9. OnAnotherPlan Clea amu fosLevaianFuocnOnantneran Cee 51 tee an exame DEBUG froptevemen i Achieving x under bold over Hock DEBUG fopkeveFlanFodiockOnanetherlan 18 Achieving leor obj bock INF TopLevelPlan FixBlockOnAnotherPlan Clea 11 9 1 ClearBlox E TopLevelPlan FixBlockOnA amp notherPlan Clea 1 91 Aches TopLevelPlan FixBlockOnAnotherPlan Clea 1 mo WARNING TopLevelPian FixBlockOnAnciherPlan Clee ERROR kPlan body started TopLevelPlan FixBlockOnAnotherPlan DEBUG TopLevelPlan FixBlockOnAnotherPlan DEBUG TopLevelPlan FixBlockOnAnctherPlan DEBLK TopLevelPlan 1 Achieving fix under block9 over block10 INFO DEBLIG DEBLIG I Fi gt INFO DEBUG TopLevelflan FixBlockOnAnotherPlan 19 FixBlockOnAnotherPlan body ended ERROR i DEBUG DEBUG f z PA UIOCXFION 4 Figure 6 8 Intended means view This view shows the list of messages sent and received by the considered agent Figure 6 9 PRACTIcal reasONIng syS Tem www pracHonist org Pag 13 PRACTIONIST bwa foo com PRACTIONIST Framework User Guide File View Plans Events Goals Intended means Beliefs Beliefs updating Messages Help e fF ol l HE Explorer bwa too com Qu Plan Library Qu Events Qu Goals QJ Beliefs Qu Beliefs updating Qu Intended means Qu Messages l Open EzlSelectal Ge Delete selected Deleteal Fitter Color Direction Time
10. arting PRACTIONIST agents As stated in section 1 the PRACTIONIST framework is built on top of JADE Therefore a running JADE plat form represents a mandatory requirement to start a PRACTIONIST agent We have defined a PRACTIONIST agent starter which is a JADE agent with the purpose of starting a PRACTIONIST agent initializing its main behaviour This agent is represented by the Java class AgentStarter included in the package org practionist core and requires some arguments to start a PRACTIONIST agent e the agent class as the first parameter which is a string representing the class name including its pack age declaration e g myapp agent MyAgent This argument is mandatory if it is missing then the agent initialization phase fails e true if you want to start the PRACTIONIST Agent Introspection Tool PAIT false otherwise e others arguments to pass to the agent in a string format if there are You have different options to start your PRACTIONIST agent e you can define a build xml file with the proper targets and use the Apache Ant tool to execute these PRACTIcal reasONIng sySTem www practionist org Pag 5 PRACTIONIST Framework User Guide Version 1 0 PRACTIONIST e youcan use the PRACTIONIST Agent Starter GUI by which you can set some parameters such as the agent class the agent name etc and finally e you can use a batch file The following subsections describe how to start a PRACTIONIST agent
11. by using each of the above methods 5 1 Using the Ant tool If you want start your agents by using the Apache Ant tool then you have to create a build file with some tar gets each one associated to an executable agent In the following figure the build file required to execute the example agent is shown ng project name Example Project default run basedir gt property name project dir value d XworkspaceVXExampleProjJect gt property name lib dir values s project dirl lib gt property name starter value org practionist core AgentStarter gt property name logij config file value project dirl logi properties gt property name beliefs file value projecrt dir beliefSet pl gt property name agent name value example starter exemple ExampleAgent true beliefs filel Ha f c cA property name runAgent className value jade ERE property name agent argline value host 1 property property ocalho gxpath id libs gt fileset dir lib dirl gt include name jar gt lt Ttileget gt lt path gt eo OCF WES G Bo F un OG R3 rp 3 ib co 2le lt target description Run example agent name run agent lt java classname s runAgent className fork true gt xclasspath pathelement path project dir gt lt pathelement path s project dir Xclasses gt lt path refid libs gt lt clas
12. he port number where the Main Container is listening to container registrations the default value is 1099 At the moment the Main Container must be local ized on a local JADE platform e The default PRACTIONIST container if you select this check box your agent will be created into a container called PRACTIONIST otherwise a new container will be created Into the default con tainer only one agent with a prolog belief base at a time can be created see the programmer s guide for more details Instead in the lower part of the GUI you have to set the parameters regarding the agent to execute e The nickname of the agent The class identifying the agent The file containing the initial belief base of the agent if any e Some arguments the agent requires if any The PAIT tool if you select this check box the GUI of the PAIT tool regarding the agent will be cre ated after the agent creation PRAC Tlcal reasONIng sys em Agent starter E JADE connection parameters host name Francaviglia host address 1927 168 42 146 RMI registry 1095 Default PRACTIONIST container PRACTIONIST agent parameters Nickname Agent Class Belief Base Arguments Practionist Agent Introspection Tool Load properties startUp Figure 5 2 PRACTIONIST Agent Starter GUI You can also set all these properties into a configuration file with the properties extension and load it by clicking on the Load properties button
13. ives and the log4j jar archive 3 download the jpl library see the previous section for further details about the requirement of this li brary 4 download the Xerces library see the previous section for further details about the requirement of this library 5 import the downloaded libraries into your project Remember to set the path of the imported jar archives into the class path to execute correctly your applications If you have already installed SWI Prolog you has to add the jpl dll location to the PATH environment variable e g ProgramFiles pl bin if SWI Prolog has been installed in the default directory It s strongly recommended to install Apache Ant http ant apache org as every executable component in the framework has an Ant build file associated to it moreover it s necessary to add the Ant s bin location to the PATH environment variable e g ProgramFiles apache ant X Y Z bin where X Y Z denotes the Ant version installed 4 Developing PRACTIONIST multi agent systems Once the PRACTIONIST framework is correctly installed you can start developing your own software applica tions The framework supports such a development phase by providing several useful libraries including inter faces abstract classes default components internal services implementing the computation model of PRAC TIONIST agents etc How to program PRACTIONIST agents is described in details in the PRACTIONIST Programmer Guide 5 St
14. mples ewer player edvarcedPayer ro ProwfTWASeve Hle gren examples ewer payer avaneedlayer Argo trostrwaseve EesVabeHeScarch lg praten examples ewer payer odvanceaPayer ro Prostrwaseve ScorePointsPlan org practionist examples tileworld player advancedPlayer Plan Identifier TimeEventHandlerPlan org practionist examples tileworld player advancedPlayer plan TimeEventHandlerPlan Figure 6 2 Plan Library view Success belief adds INeslspsere Eee MagbDIEvent Message REQUEST happy who self ll Context 4 Cancel Success belief deletes Failure belief adds inot what ordering item hblaocks 3 Invariant fableToOrder 4 Success Failure belief deletes who self ordering item blocks ordered blocks set 0 tables 1 blockl 4 6 2 Events Lil Figure 6 3 Plan description This view shows the list of events i e desired goals perceptions changes in its beliefs that the considered agent can handle Figure 6 4 PRACTIcal reasONIng syS Tem ONI WWW p ractionist org Pag 10 PRACTIONIST Framework User Guide Version 1 0 PRACTIONIST Object Handle time Handled Achieve fix under tables ower bloc 3 ott 2005 17 24 52 3 att 2005 17 24 53 Meg GUERY REF sender agent i 3 ott 2005 17 24 52 3 ott 2005 17 24 55 Achieve clear obj table3 3 att 2005 17 24 55 3 ott 2005 17 24 57 3 att 2005 17 24 57 3 ott 2005 1
15. ors that actually execute the actions As shown in Figure 1 2 PRACTIONIST agents are structured in two main layers the framework defines the execution logic and provides the built in components according to such logic while the top layer includes the specific agent components to be implemented in order to satisfy system requirements PRACTIcal reasONIng sySTem www practionist org PJ PRACTIONIST Framework User Guide Version 1 0 PRACTIONIST Aqgent specific components perception er Perseo PRACTIONIST FT Handl er Rose Dispatcher Agent EDI Action en Pen og Plan B lief seva Flanner Deliberation ends E S NIS cd Reasoning PRACTIONIST Framework PRACTIONIST Agent Figure 1 2 Components of PRACTIONIST agents Moreover by using the Belief Logic PRACTIONIST agents are able to reason about their beliefs and the other agent s beliefs since beliefs are not simple grounded literals or data structures but modal logic formulas 2 PRACTIONIST requirements PRACTIONIST is a framework fully implemented in Java so you need the Java Run Time Environment 1 4 or higher http java sun com Some others prerequisites of the PRACTIONIST framework are listed e JADE http jade tilab com a widespread platform that implements the FIPA specifications and pro vides some core services such as a communication infrastructure agent life cycle management and so forth We have built and tested our framework with JADE 3 3
16. spath gt arg line agent argline agent name l gt java lt target gt Cn OF p a5 tb G Bo Bo Bo PJ Bo Pj c target description Run Jade MainContainer name run gt java classname s runMainContainer classname fork true gt classpath path refid libs gt lt classpath gt arg line s runMainContainer argline z java lt target gt l Hm GS BO F WW CO en cn L Gi G G G Gi Daj TS HE ap ca Hes lt project gt Figure 5 1 An example of Ant build file You should focus your attention in the definition of the agent name property its value contains the name of the agent e g pippo the agent starter org practionist core AgentStarter the PRACTIONIST agent class examples ExampleAgent and its argument that are the string true to enable the PAIT tool and the path of the file containing the initial belief base PRACTIcal reasONIng sySTem www practionist org Pag 6 PRACTIONIST Framework User Guide Version 1 0 PRACTIONIST 5 2 Using the Agent Starter GUI The class AgentStarter in the package org practionist core represents the GUI shown in Figure 5 2 which you can use to set or to load some properties required to start your agents In the upper part of the GUI you can set the parameters regarding the JADE platform and container into which the agent has to be executed e The RMI Registry that is an integer representing t
17. ssages EE Discharge old m Clear Filter Color 24 ott 7006 12 30 22 score value 402 24 ott 7006 12 30 22 score value 446 add 24 0tt 2006 12 30 22 score value 446 true user click on an Updating Figure 6 7 Belief updates view PRACTIcal reasONIng sySTem www practionist org Pag 12 PRACTIONIST 6 6 Intended means PRACTIONIST Framework User Guide Version 1 0 This view shows the structure of intended means of the considered agent Figure 6 8 On the left panel the nested structure of the intended means is reported while the main panel includes the traced messages within the selected intended means and its upper intended means Intended means S B 1 3 FixBlockOnAnotherPian S QI 1 3 1 ClearBiockPian amp QD 131 1 ClearBiockPlan S QA 13 11 1 ClearBiockPi S QI 13111 1 ClearBi S Q3 1311111 C 09131144 63 131 QA 1 4 FixBlockOnAnotherPtan QA 1 5 FixBlockOnAnotherPlan QD 1 6 FixBiockOnAnotherPian S QA 1 6 1 ClearBlockPlan S Og 1 6 1 1 ClearBlockPtan QA 16 1 1 1 ClearBlockPe QA 164414 1 ClearBi QA 1 7 FixBlockOnAnotherPtan QA 1 8 FixBlockOnAnotherPlan Ei 18 1 ClearBlockPlan DM a cim mA mr new level TopLevelPlan FixBlockOnAnotherPlan 6 7 Messages INFO fTopLevelPlan FixElockOnAnotherPlan Clea 1811 ClearBlockPlan ort eveBranFudiockOnAriheran ea 1 misis on examp completed 18 1 ClearBlockPlan WARNING NO TopLevelPlan FixBlock
18. uch as a communication infrastructure agent life cycle management and so forth therefore in the PRACTIONIST framework agents are deployed within JADE containers and have a belief base implemented in Prolog or in Java as shown in the following figure PRACTIONIST Framework JADE Prolog Figure 1 1 PRACTIONIST over JADE and Prolog The framework adopts a goal oriented approach to develop BDI agents and stresses the separation between the deliberation process and the means ends reasoning with the abstraction of goal used to formally define both de sires and intentions during the deliberation phase in other words PRACTIONIST agents can be programmed in terms of goals A PRACTIONIST agent is a software component endowed with the following elements shown in Figure 1 2 e a set of perceptions and the corresponding perceptors that listen to some relevant external stimuli e aset of beliefs representing the information the agent has got about both its internal state and the exter nal environment e aset of goals the agent wishes or wants to pursue They represent some states of affairs to bring about or activities to perform and will be related to either its desires or intentions see below e asetof goal relations the agent uses during the deliberation process and means ends reasoning e asetof plans that are the means to achieve its intentions e asetof actions the agent can perform to act over its environment and e asetof effect
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