Product User Manual (PUM) for product H14 – SM-DAS
Contents
1. 1 2 3 1 prespraton tet ond OM sumpora GEIR tonn a ope 5 5 Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 19 24 Product User Manual PUM 14 PR ASS 1 model Table 4 H SAF Product List The work of precipitation products generation is shared in the H SAF Consortium as follows e Precipitation products pre fix PR are generated in Italy by the CNMCA in its premises at Pratica di Mare Rome e CNMCA also manages the Central Archive and the Data service e CNR develops and upgrades the algorithm Product coverage Figure of this section shows the required geographic coverage for H SAF products lt m i h enk ee ee ee k bm al o a a E h I I ipai I I I I r a lS I I I I I I I I i I I I I I l I I I I I I I I I I I I I I I T pee ehnan id I I Y I I Figure 7 Required H SAF coverage 25 75 N lat 25 W 45 E This area is fully covered by the Meteosat image although the resolution sharply decreases at higher latitudes each 15 min For polar satellites the area is covered by strips of swath approximately 1500 km conical scanners or 2200 km cross track scanners at about 100 min intervals Swaths intercepting the Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Product User Manual PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 20 24 acquisition range of direct read out stations provide data in few minute2. to plot and map data as well as to compute statistics Metview can be downloaded and installed on Linux and Unix systems from the ECMWF Metview web page For any further question concerning this example or on how to read or map SM ASS 1 using Metview please contact Patricia Rosnay ecmwf int or Clement Albergel ecmwf int Using Matlab It is also possible to read GRIB files using Matlab which can be used on Unix Linux and Windows systems Library can be downloaded from _ ftp polar ncep noaa gov pub ofs reference also available in read grib 1 5 tar gz In the framework of the H SAF Visiting Scientist programme tool to read SM DAS 2 with Matlab has been developped by Luca Brocca Research Institute for Geo Hydrological Protection National Research Council lyaly For any further question on how to read SM DAS 1 using Matlab please contact luca brocca irpi cnr it or Patricia Rosnay ecmwf int or Clement Albergel ecmwf int Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Product User Manual PUM 14 l Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 17 24 Introduction to H SAF The EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facilities H SAF is part of the distributed application ground segment of the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites EUMETSAT The application ground segment consists of a Central Application Facility CAF and a network of eight Satellite Application
3. 14 1 station 36 stations NCRS SCAN Africa 5 stations rr Se EUROPE 89 sas ees om 0 230 0 047 0 71 2010 0 263 0 061 Table 3 Comparisons of normalised soil moisture between in situ observations and SM DAS 2 for 2010 som se In the table above mean bias in situ minus products correlation standard deviation and root mean square difference RMSD and m3m 3 are given for each network and for each product Scores are presented for significant correlations with p values lt 0 05 Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Product User Manual PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 15 24 4 Product availability 4 1 Site SM DAS 2 h14 is available on the CNMCA FTP site whose URL is ftp ftp meteoam it 4 1 1 Directory products The data are loaded in the directory e products for near real time dissemination and data holding for nominally 1 2 months often more 4 1 2 Directory from_archive Older data are stored in the permanent H SAF archive and can be recovered on request Anyway they also are held at ECMWF The record starts from 1 January 2010 4 1 3 Directory utilities 4 2 Formats and codes Tow type of files are provided for SM DAS 2 e the digital data coded in GRIB1 e the image like maps coded in PNG In the directory utilities the folder Bufr_decode provides the instructions for reading the digital data In addit
4. Facilities SAFs dedicated to development and operational activities to provide satellite derived data to support specific user communities See next figure Figure 5 Conceptual scheme of the EUMETSAT Application Ground Segment EUMINOAA EUM Geostationary _2 Control EUM NOAA other data Systems Cooperation sources Data Processing 7 i ___ A rr l 7 APPIHCAalIOn Ground segment al ji wat etn omnes te e e e T se e SS ege e ai Meteorological Products Archive amp Retrieval r j Extraction 4 p Facility Data Centre 4 p Satellite Application EUMETSAT HQ H EUMETSAT HQ Facilities SAFs Centralised processing Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product User Manual PUM 14 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 18 24 Next figure reminds the current composition of the EUMETSAT SAF network in order of establishment OSI SAF O3MSAF CM SAF NWPSAF GRAS SAF LSA SAF HSAF 7 E Operational Nowcasting amp Very me Ozone amp Atmospheric a Numerical Weather Land Surface Hydrology Short Range Forecasting Ocean and Sea Ice Chemistry Monitoring Climate Monitoring GRAS Meteorology amp Water Management Figure 6 Current composition of the EUMETSAT SAF Network in order of establishment H SAF objectives and products The H SAF was established by the EUMETSAT Council on 3 July 2005 its Development Phase started on 1 September 2005 and ended on 31 A
5. and representativeness so they are not considered as true soil moisture This is underlined here by using the RMS Difference terminology instead of RMS Error The correlation significance is ensured by retaining results only when the p value is lower than 0 05 95 confidence interval 3 2 Summary of results The statistical scores for the comparison between SM DAS 2 and in situ SSM are presented in Table 3 for the whole 2010 period Only the configurations associated to significant correlation values p value lt 0 05 are considered leading to 264 stations used over 295 available Considering the HSAF area 89 stations over 93 available are used On average for all the stations bias SD RMSD m m7 and CC are 0 049 0 243 0 263 0 061 m m and 0 70 respectively For 9 networks over 15 CC is higher than 0 7 which is considered as a good level of correlation Albergel et al 2008 2011 Excepted the AMMA network in western Africa all networks present RMSD value in agreement with the threshold value defined in the PRD also reported in Table 1 0 1 m m 10 over 15 are below the target value 0 06 m m and 2 are below the optimal value 0 04 m m If on average a value of 0 061 is found an in depth looks to Table 3 permits to see that the stations of the AMMA network increase this value Considering only the stations within the HSAF area on average for all the stations bias SD RMSD m m and CC are
6. by simply displaying the words EUMETSAT under each of the SAF data and products shown in a publication or website Ii Acronyms AMSU Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit on NOAA and MetOp AMSU A Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit A on NOAA and MetOp AMSU B Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit B on NOAA up to 17 ATDD Algorithms Theoretical Definition Document AU Anadolu University in Turkey BfG CAF CDOP CESBIO CM SAF CNMCA CNR CNRS DMSP DPC EARS ECMWF EDC EUM EUMETCast EUMETSAT FMI FTP GEO GRAS SAF HDF HRV H SAF IDL IFOV IMWM IPF IPWG IR IRM ISAC ITU LATMOS LEO LSA SAF LST M t o France METU MHS MSG MVIRI MW NEAT NESDIS NMA NOAA NWC SAF NWP NWP SAF O3M SAF OMSZ ORR OSI SAF PDF PEHRPP Pixel PMW PP Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product User Manual PUM 14 Date 31 05 2012 Page 22 24 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Bundesanstalt f r Gewasserkunde in Germany Central Application Facility of EUMETSAT Continuous Development Operations Phase Centre d Etudes Spatiales de la BlIOsphere of CNRS in France SAF on Climate Monitoring Centro Nazionale di Meteorologia e Climatologia Aeronautica in Italy Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche of Italy Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique of France Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Dipartimento Protezione Civile of Italy EUMETSAT Advanced Retransmission Service Euro
7. guess files internal data Corrected soil moisture fields ne Off line Root zone Operational IFS Liquid root zone SDAS EKF soil moisture SDAS EKF soil moisture Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Product User Manual PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 10 24 To integrate the satellite based observations in the forecast system ASCAT swath based data sets are archived in BUFR format For developing the observation operators daily composite soil moisture images were also archived in GRIB format 1 2 4 Architecture of the products generation chain The architecture of the SM DAS 2 product generation chain is shown in Figure 4 The figure includes mention of the primary source of satellite data the Global surface soil moisture product generated by EUMETSAT and disseminated via EUMETCast EUMETCast ae TO GLOBAL USERS MetOp S A Poa Level 0 Global surface a moisture EUMETSAT ECMWF Global surface soil eS Liquid root zone soil moisture moisture generated and generated by assimilation of CDA amp EARS distributed in Near Real Time the Global surface soil moisture Figure 4 Conceptual architecture of SM DAS 2 production chain The figure shows that ECMWF produces SM DAS 2 that is addressed to ZAMG for further dissemination in the H SAF community 2 Product operational characteristics 2 1 Horizontal resolution and sampling The ho
8. it is difficult to identify the time lag between the observation and the product output By considering the time needed by the model to digest soil moisture observation the SM DAS 2 timeliness will be e timeliness 6 36h Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Product User Manual PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 12 24 3 Product validation 3 1 Validation strategy SM DAS 2 root zone soil moisture profile index is validated against ground soil moisture measurements from in situ data from 15 networks across four continents see PVR So for the year 2010 in situ soil moisture from 295 stations was gathered as follow 93 within the HSAF area in Europe 23 in France SMOSMANIA SMOSMANIA E networks Grand Morin 21 in Spain REMEDHUS 9 in Germany UDC SMOS network 7 in Italy UMSUOL CDR Umbria Perugia 30 in Denmark HOBE 1 in Luxembourg BIB 1 in Finland Maws FMI and 1 in Poland SWEX POLAND 38 in Australia OZNET network 154 within the United States NCRS SCAN network and 10 in Western Africa AMMA network are available Next figure shows the location of the soil moisture networks used to validate SM DAS 2 ag Sw O SE 10 E SE 2Z0 E 25 E 307b on 130 W 120 W 110 W 100 W 90 W 80 W 7O0 W 60 W 50 N 5 N O N 40 N 55 N 30 N bO N SMOSMANIA ad E SMOSMANIA E o O N Es 0 S N 1 30 W 120 W 110 W 100 W 90 W 80 W 70 W 60 W A
9. on TRMM Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission UKMO Turkish State Meteorological Service Technische Universitat Wien in Austria Unified Meteorological Archive and Retrieval Facility University of Ferrara in Italy User Requirements Document Universal Coordinated Time Visible Zentralanstalt fur Meteorologie und Geodynamik of Austria
10. 0 043 0 246 0 203 0 047 m m and 0 71 respectively The averaged RMSD value of 0 047 m m is below the target value of 0 06 m m and very close to the optimal value of 0 04 m m Best CC values 0 88 are obtained with stations in France Grand Morin Luxembourg and western Africa Lower level of CC are found in Poland and Finland 0 61 and 0 60 respectively however for those 2 stations winter and late summer data are filtered due to temperature below 3 On average biases of 0 043 in situ minus SSM products dimensionless are observed for Europe Countr aeon Poou Period Bias Res RNa y Network acronym m m MOSMAN France ae A 2010 0 060 0 259 0 210 0 056 12 stations France Gnd Morin 2010 0 130 0 235 0 197 0 053 2 stations Spain REMEDHUS 18 2010 0 021 0 313 0 218 0 048 stations France AGa H14 2010 0 093 0 295 0 232 0 071 0 76 9 stations f Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 14 24 Region Product anea Country 6 Period Bias deviation Network acronym o Italy ee 2010 0 150 0 233 0 247 0 046 1 station Italy eee 2010 0 154 0 257 0 229 0 048 1 station Central Italy Italy 2010 0 179 0 210 0 266 0 067 5 stations Germany oe planta 2010 0 095 0 167 0 275 0 053 9 stations Denmark POR 2010 0 005 0 217 0 225 0 030 29 stations Maws Finl Product User Manual PUM
11. Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product User Manual PUM 14 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 1 24 EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management The EUMETSAT Network of Satellite Application Facilities H SAF Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management Product User Manual PUM for product H14 SM DAS 2 Soil Moisture Profile Index in the roots region by scatterometer data assimilation Reference Number SAF HSAF PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Last Change 31 May 2012 Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 2 24 Product User Manual PUM 14 DOCUMENT CHANGE RECORD 20 01 2012 Baseline version prepared for ORR1 Part 3 Updated release for CDOP2 ORR1 Part3 Close out Removal of the discussions on product status RID 1 1 1 31 05 2012 Removal of the FTP user credentials from section 4 RID18 Correction of editorial errors RID19 Correction of the reported number of stations RID14 on PVR14 Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Product User Manual PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 3 24 INDEX AR ingos an a AIEEE EE en ee eee ea eee a ee EE ee eee eee eee 2 Product oneratonalecharacter oe ee ee eee Sy ese Me SN 8 ee ee ee ee ney ee ee ee eee eee eee eee ane eee eee eee eens
12. F Network in order of establishment 19 Figure 7 Required H SAF coverage 25 75 N lat 25 W 45 E ccc ceeeccccssseccccesssececeesececeesecceaaseeessusseeueesensesees 20 Figure 8 H SAF central archive and distribution facilitieS ccccccccsssecccceseccceesececeeeececeeeceeeeeeeesaunesetseeeees 21 Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Product User Manual PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 5 24 1 Introduction 1 1 Purpose of the document Product User Manuals are available for each operational H SAF product for open users and also for demonstrational products as necessary for beta users Each PUM contains e Product introduction principle of sensing Satellites utilized Instrument s description Highlights of the algorithm Architecture of the products generation chain Product coverage and appearance e Main product operational characteristics Horizontal resolution and sampling Observing cycle and time sampling Timeliness e Overview of the product validation activity Validation strategy Global statistics Product characterisation e Basic information on product availability Access modes Description of the code Description of the file structure An annex also provides common information on Objectives and products Evolution of H SAF products User service and Guide to the Products User Manual Although reasonably self standing the PUM s rely on other documents for f
13. ack 3 looks each pixel 45 Scanning technique 90 and 135 azimuth Coverage cycle Global coverage in 1 5 days Best quality 50 km standard quality 25 km basic sampling 12 5 km Mass 260 kg Power 215 W Data rate 42 kbps Table 2 Main features of ASCAT 1 2 3 Highlights of the algorithm The baseline algorithm for SM ASS 1 processing is described in ATBD 14 Only essential elements are highlighted here The liquid root zone soil moisture product to be generated at ECMWF see flow chart in Figure 3 is the result of a data assimilation process The input consists of the large scale global surface soil moisture product generated at EUMETSAT observation Section 3 Product validation and modelled root zone soil moisture first guess The output from the land surface data assimilation is a statistically optimal product conditioned by the general characteristics of the ECMWF model Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 9 24 Product User Manual PUM 14 Figure 3 Flow chart of the liquid root zone soil moisture lt OFF LINE ERS 12 gt lt REAL TIME ASCAT gt gt Pre processing Surface soil moisture Operational Surface soil moisture chain index processing chain index C me Static bias correction Daily surface soil Adaptive bias correction BUFR CDF matching moisture fields grib CDF based Observation file Feedback Modelled first
14. arth location under different viewing angles measuring three backscattering coefficients at slightly different time Each antenna triplet provides a side swath of 550 km The two swaths leave a gap close to the sub satellite track of 670 km Global coverage over Europe is achieved in 1 5 days The basic instrument sampling distance is 12 5 km The primary ASCAT observation sea surface wind is processed at 50 km resolution For soil moisture processing is performed at 50 km operational and 25 km research resolution Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product User Manual PUM 14 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 6 24 For the purpose of SM DAS 2 the 25 km resolution SM OBS 1 product is assimilated in the ECMWF Land Data Assimilation System LDAS as shown in Figure 1 ECMWF NRT Atmospheric conditions Data Assimilation SM DAS 2 EKF Soil Moisture Soil Moisture Analysis Profile Quality Control gt use data Root zone when 4 layers Topographic complexity 20 0 7cm Wetland Fraction 15 7 28 cm Noise level 58 28 100 cm Snow free conditions Unfrozen soil 100 289cm Surface 0 2cm Swath surface product SM OBS 1 gt Global Daily root zone product SM DAS 2 Figure 1 SM DAS 2 production chain based on ASCAT surface soil moisture data assimilation in the ECMWF Land Data Assimilation System The advanced land surface data assimilation system is in continuous de
15. ation Services National Meteorological Administration of Romania National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Agency and satellite SAF in support to Nowcasting amp Very Short Range Forecasting Numerical Weather Prediction SAF on Numerical Weather Prediction SAF on Ozone and Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring Hungarian Meteorological Service Operations Readiness Review SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice Probability Density Function Pilot Evaluation of High Resolution Precipitation Products Picture element Passive Micro Wave Project Plan PR PUM PVR RMI RR RU SAF SEVIRI SHMU SSM I SSMIS SYKE Tes TKK TMI TRMM TSMS TU Wien U MARF UniFe URD UTC VIS ZAMG Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Date 31 05 2012 Page 23 23 Product User Manual PUM 14 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Precipitation Radar on TRMM Product User Manual Product Validation Report Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium alternative of IRM Rain Rate Rapid Update Satellite Application Facility Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infra Red Imager on Meteosat from 8 onwards Slovak Hydro Meteorological Institute Special Sensor Microwave Imager on DMSP up to F 15 Special Sensor Microwave Imager Sounder on DMSP starting with S 16 Suomen ymp rist keskus Finnish Environment Institute Equivalent Blackbody Temperature used for IR Teknillinen korkeakoulu Helsinki University of Technology TRMM Microwave Imager
16. cts the distribution ordinarily utilises the ftp servers of the product generation centres or the CNMCA server CNMCA also re disseminate the products generated in other centres therefore all products can be retrieved from the CNMCA server The ftp dissemination stream will continue to be active even after the EUMETCast dissemination becomes effective both for redundancy purpose and for users not equipped for EUMETCast reception The H SAF web site The address of the H SAF web site is http hsaf meteoam it The web site provides e general public information on H SAF e H SAF products description Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Product User Manual PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 21 24 e rolling information on the H SAF implementation status e an area for collecting updating information on the status of satellites and instruments used in H SAF e an area to collect Education and Training material e anarea for forums on algorithms on validation campaigns etc e indication of useful links specifically with other SAF s e anarea for Frequently Asked Questions FAQ to alleviate the load on the Help desk The web site supports operations by providing e daily schedule of H SAF product distribution e administrative messages on changes of product version new algorithms etc The web site contains some basic H SAF documents the ATDD Algorithms Theoretical D
17. efinition Document this Product User Manual However most working documents REP 3 Report of the Products Validation Programme REP 4 Report of the Hydrological Validation Programme etc programmatic documents PP Project Plan URD User Requirements Documents etc and engineering documents are to be found in the CNMCA ftp server restricted access see later for the URL The User Support For any question that cannot be solved by consulting the web site users have two different possibilities To send an email through the Contact Us functionality of the web site in charge of forwarding the request to an help desk This functionality is also available to unregistered users To compose a specific question request to the help desk available only to registered users in this case the user should specify in the Subject one of the following codes MAN management PRE precipitation SMO soil moisture SNO snow HYD hydrology ARC archive GEN general Condition for use of H SAF products All H SAF products are owned by EUMETSAT and the EUMETSAT SAF Data Policy applies They are available for all users free of charge Users should recognise the respective roles of EUMETSAT the H SAF Leading Entity and the H SAF Consortium when publishing results that are based on H SAF products EUMETSAT s ownership of and intellectual property rights into the SAF data and products is best safeguarded
18. em ee eran meee eeu ee IS ey ee ee re eee ee eee Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Product User Manual PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 4 24 List of Tables Table 1 Current status of MetOP as Of January 2012 00 ccc ceeccccccsssececeesececeeneccceeeesecessuseceseeneceseeeeteneeseeceeees 7 Tabe 2 Leia OG SO ASCA Tecnan se etossca cco ters az tino tects tecteatae esate so stese ses ancenneeswati teens senses oemaaesnsarcseoiaees 8 Table 3 Comparisons of normalised soil moisture between in situ observations and SM DAS 2 for 2010 15 Tane ag sys et ea 010 0 61 em I E 20 List of Figures Figure 1 SM DAS 2 production chain based on ASCAT surface soil moisture data assimilation in the ECMWF kand Data Assimilation OV SCC I pcooy scat eanesicsceencionscdccacacnnowaneeavevonedanct aaeaseacseusueaeae ssanaianednataaueuaceenteaneliseasetsaeeenuene 6 Figure 2 Hydrology Tiled ECMWF Scheme for Surface Exchanges over Land ccccccsssecceseeeesceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 7 Figure 3 Flow chart of the liquid root zone soil MOISTULE cceeeecccccseeseeececceesseceeccaeesecececsauaeceeesaeaaeeeesesaaas 9 Figure 4 Conceptual architecture of SM DAS 2 production CHAIN cccccsesccccessececcesecceceeesececeesecessegeceesauegens 11 Figure 5 Conceptual scheme of the EUMETSAT Application Ground S gMent ccscccccsseceeeeneceeeeeseeeeees 18 Figure 6 Current composition of the EUMETSAT SA
19. ion the output description of PR OBS 2 is provided in Appendix 4 3 Description of the files Product identifier h14 Folders under h14 Files description of current month H14_yyyymmdd00 png yyyymmdd year month day L Layer 1 to 4 1 0 7 cm 2 7 28 cm 3 28 100 cm 4 100 289 cm Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Product User Manual PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 16 24 i SM DAS 2 Output description The SM DAS 2 product is provided in GRIB1 format on a Gaussian grid at the resolution T799 corresponding to N400 25 km There are several tools available to read grib files Three applications and examples are provided to read grib files and extract data on specific location e g on validation test sites Use GRIB API We recommend to use the GRIB API software to read grib files GRIB API can be downloaded from the ECMWF GRIB API web page It needs to be used under Linux or UNIX systems For example if your SM DAS 2 grib file is named h14_2010122700 grib the command to extract data from the four nearest grid points from latitude YLAT and longitude XLON is grib_ls p step shortName I XLAT XLON h14_2010122700 grib For any further question concerning this example or on how to read SM DAS 2 using GRIB API please contact Patricia Rosnay ecmwf int or Clement Albergel ecmwf int Use Metview Metview is also recommended to be used to extract data from grib files
20. ne 130 E 135 E 140 E 145 E150 E 155 O N 1 dew nae Foes x 40 S a O S 0 0 130 E 135 E 140 E 145 E 150 E155 E 20 W 15 W10 W S W 0 5 E 10 E 15 E 20 E 25 E Figure 5 Location of the different in situ soil moisture stations used to validate SM DAS 2 SM DAS 2 is an index between 0 and 1 while in situ measurements of soil moisture are in m m To enable a fair comparison the data were rescaled The 90 confidence interval was chosen to define the upper and lower values to exclude any abnormal outliers due to instrument noise using the following equations Int insitu u insitu 1 640 insitu Int insitu u insitu 1 640 insitu Where Int and Int are the upper and lower 90 limits of the confidence interval Then a new in situ soil moisture data set is obtained using Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Product User Manual PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 13 24 M SM Int Int Int It is assumed that SM DAS 2 data set does not have such outliers problem and is rescaled using the maximum and the minimum values of each individual times series considering the whole 2010 period The comparison between the observation data and the H14 SM DAS 2 product uese the following Statistical scores mean bias Standard Deviation SD Correlation Coefficient CC and Root Mean Square Difference RMSD In situ data contain errors instrumental
21. pean Centre for Medium range Weather Forecasts EUMETSAT Data Centre previously known as U MARF Short for EUMETSAT EUMETSAT s Broadcast System for Environmental Data European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites Finnish Meteorological Institute File Transfer Protocol Geostationary Earth Orbit SAF on GRAS Meteorology Hierarchical Data Format High Resolution Visible one SEVIRI channel SAF on Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management Interactive Data Language Instantaneous Field Of View Institute of Meteorology and Water Management in Poland Institut fur Photogrammetrie und Fernerkundung of TU Wien in Austria International Precipitation Working Group Infra Red Institut Royal M t orologique of Belgium alternative of RMI Istituto di Scienze dell Atmosfera e del Clima of CNR Italy istanbul Technical University in Turkey Laboratoire Atmosph res Milieux Observations Spatiales of CNRS in France Low Earth Orbit SAF on Land Surface Analysis Local Satellite Time if referred to time or Land Surface Temperature if referred to temperature National Meteorological Service of France Middle East Technical University in Turkey Microwave Humidity Sounder on NOAA 18 and 19 and on MetOp Meteosat Second Generation Meteosat 8 9 10 11 Meteosat Visible and Infra Red Imager on Meteosat up to 7 Micro Wave Net Radiation National Environmental Satellite Data and Inform
22. rizontal resolution Ax The effective resolution is driven by SM DAS 2 production chain resolution which is 25 km For land surfaces processes are resolved on a discrete grid which determines the effective soil moisture product resolution The discreet grid is a Gaussian reduced grid at T799 Conclusion e horizontal resolution Ax 25 km Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Product User Manual PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 11 24 The accuracy is completed by temporal correlation against ground measurements which validates the accuracy of the product in terms of temporal variability SM DAS 2 is evaluated a posteriori by means of the validation activity See section 5 Examples of SM DAS 2 product 2 1 1 Vertical resolution if applicable The soil moisture profile is computed for four layers surface to 7 cm 7 cm to 28 cm 28 cm to 100 cm and 100 cm to 289 cm 2 1 2 Observing cycle and time sampling The SM DAS 2 product is produced daily at OOUTC based on assimilation of the global CAF surface soil moisture index product SM OBS 1 in the ECMWF H TESSEL Land Surface Model Although the ASCAT CAF product observing cycle over European latitudes is 36 h the assimilation process leading to the SM DAS 2 product has its own time evolution The product is outputted at 24 hour intervals thus e observing cycle At 24h 2 1 3 Timeliness For a continuous assimilation process
23. s for swaths outside the acquisition range the delay may be several tens of minutes if the satellite instrument data are part of the EARS EUMETCast broadcast some hours otherwise e g by ftp The time resolution observing cycle is controlled by the number of satellites concurring to perform the observation and the instrument swath Data circulation and management Next figure shows the data circulation scheme in H SAF All products from the generating centres are concentrated at CNMCA except that certain can go directly to the user by dedicated links example GTS Global Telecommunication System connecting operational meteorological services From CNMCA the data are sent to EUMETSAT to be broadcast by EUMETCast in near real time H SAF E EDC Client 1 EUMETSAT gt oom gt ae METSAT ee EUMETCast area H SAF Products generation sai sss H SAF Products Figure 8 H SAF central archive and distribution facilities All data also go to the H SAF Archive where they can be accessed through the EUMETSAT Data Centre via a Client Therefore the H SAF products may be accessed e via EUMETCast in near real time primary access mode e off line via the EUMETSAT Data Centre most common access mode for the scientific community It is noted that this scheme is valid only for operational products For products in development disseminated to beta users only or demonstrational produ
24. ugust 2010 The SAF is now in its first Continuous Development and Operations Phase CDOP which started on 28 September 2010 and will end on 28 February 2012 The H SAF objectives are a to provide new satellite derived products from existing and future satellites with sufficient time and space resolution to satisfy the needs of operational hydrology identified products precipitation soil moisture snow parameters b to perform independent validation of the usefulness of the new products for fighting against floods landslides avalanches and evaluating water resources the activity includes downscaling upscaling modelling from observed predicted fields to basin level fusion of satellite derived measurements with data from radar and raingauge networks assimilation of satellite derived products in hydrological models e assessment of the impact of the new satellite derived products on hydrological applications This document the PUM Product User Manual is concerned only with the satellite derived products The list of products to be generated by H SAF is shown in next table PR OBS 1 Precipitation rate at ground by MW conical scanners with indication of phase PR OBS 2 Precipitation rate at ground by MW cross track scanners with indication of phase PR OBS 5 05 Accumulated precipitation at ground by blended MW and IR PR OBS 6 Blended SEVIRI Convection area LEO MW Convective Precipitation H O 1
25. urface observation from ASCAT is propagated towards the roots region down to 2 89 m below surface providing estimates for 4 layers thicknesses 0 07 0 21 0 72 and 1 89 m The Land Data Assimilation System generates soil moisture profile information according to the Hydrology Tiled ECMWF Scheme for Surface Exchanges over Land HTESSEL SM DAS 2 is available at a 24 hour time step with a global daily coverage at 00 00 UTC SM DAS 1 is produced in a continuous way in order to ensure the time series consistency of the product and also to provide values when there is no satellite data from the model propagation The SM DAS 2 product is the first global product of consistent surface and root zone soil moisture available NRT for the NWP climate and hydrological communities 1 2 2 Status of satellites and instruments The EUMETSAT Global surface soil moisture product is generated from the MetOp ASCAT The current status of the MetOp satellite is shown in Table 1 and ASCAT characteristics are shown in Table 2 i l Instruments gt MetOp A 19 Oct 2006 oa 817 km 09 30d ASCAT Table 1 Current status of MetOP as of January 2012 Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 8 24 Product User Manual PUM 14 Radar scatterometer C band 5 255 GHz side looking both left and right 3 Instrument type antennas on each side l Two 550 km swaths separated by a 700 km gap along tr
26. urther details Specifically e ATDD Algorithms Theoretical Definition Document for extensive details on the algorithms only highlighted here e PVR Product Validation Report for full recount of the validation activity both the evolution and the latest results These documents are structured as this PUM i e one document for each product They can be retrieved from the CNMCA site on HSAF web page at User Documents session On the same site to obtain user and password please contact the Help Desk it is interesting to consult although not closely connected to this PUM the full reporting on hydrological validation experiments impact studies e HVR Hydrological Validation Report spread in 10 Parts first one on requirements tools and models then 8 each one for one participating country and a last Part with overall statements on the impact of H SAF products in Hydrology 1 2 Introduction to product SM DAS 2 1 2 1 Principle of sensing Product SM DAS 2 Root zone soil moisture index in the root zone by scatterometer data assimilation results from assimilating the SM OBS 1 product distributed by the EUMETSAT CAF Product SM OBS 1 is based on the radar scatterometer ASCAT embarked on MetOp satellites The instrument scans the scene in a push broom mode by six side looking antennas three left hand three right hand On each side the three antennas looking aside 45 degrees and 45 degrees respectively provide three views of each e
27. velopment at ECMWF to retrieve root zone soil moisture profile index from ASCAT surface soil moisture index CAF product The SM DAS 2 product inherits from the previous volumetric product of the development phase SM ASS 1 In contrast to SM ASS 1 SM DAS 2 is produced by a specific production chain which is being developed by ECMWF for H SAF Its production is based on a Simplified Extended Kalman Filter EKF ECMWF generates SM DAS 2 Liquid Root zone soil moisture thereafter ZAMG disseminates the products In the soil moisture assimilation system the surface observation from ASCAT is propagated towards the roots region down to 2 89 m below surface providing estimates for 4 layers thicknesses 0 07 0 21 0 72 and 1 89 m The ECMWF model generates soil moisture profile information according to the Hydrology Tiled ECMWF Scheme for Surface Exchanges over Land HTESSEL see Figure 2 Doc No SAF HSAF PUM 14 Issue Revision Index 1 1 Product H14 SM DAS 2 Date 31 05 2012 Page 7 24 Product User Manual PUM 14 Land surface tiles in ERA40 surface scheme snow on Interception gound amp low low reservoir pare VES tatON show under ra ra ra Ta Ta Figure 2 Hydrology Tiled ECMWF Scheme for Surface Exchanges over Land The assimilation scheme constrains the first guess forecast of soil moisture on any point of the Gaussian grid to be as close as possible to all observations In the soil moisture assimilation system the s
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