H-SAF Product User Manual (PUM) SM-OBS-2 - Small
Contents
1. EUM Geostationary Anaie ane EUM NOAA other data Systems Cooperation sources Data Processing EUMETSAT HQ Meteorological Products Archive amp Retrieval Ec Extraction Facility Data Centre Satellite Application EUMETSAT HQ EUMETSAT HQ Facilities SAFs USERS Fig 01 Conceptual scheme of the EUMETSAT application ground segment Fig 02 reminds the current composition of the EUMETSAT SAF network in order of establishment O3M SAF CM SAF NWP SAF GRAS SAF H SAF Fig 02 Current composition of the EUMETSAT SAF network in order of establishment 1 2 H SAF objectives and products The EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facility on Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management H SAF was established by the EUMETSAT Council on 3 July 2005 Its Development Phase started on 1 September 2002. Acronyms L Introduction to H SAF 1 1 The EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facilities 1 2 H SAF Objectives and products 1 3 Evolution of H SAF products 1 4 User service 1 4 1 Product coverage 1 4 2 Data circulation and management 1 4 3 The H SAF web site 1 4 4 The Help desk 1 5 The Products User Manual and its linkage with other documents 1 6 Relevant staff associated to the User Service and to product SM OBS 2 2 Introduction to product SM OBS 2 Za Principle of sensing 2 2 Status of satellites and instruments ZS Highlights of the algorithm 2 4 Architecture of the products generation chain 2 9 Product coverage and appearance 3 Product operational characteristics 3 1 Horizontal resolution and sampling 3 2 Vertical resolution if applicable 3 3 Observing cycle and time sampling 3 4 Timeliness 4 Product validation 4 Validation strategy 4 2 summary of results 5 Product availability 5 1 Site 5 2 Formats and codes 5 3 Description of the files 5 4 Condition for use Appendix SM OBS 2 Output description Page 2 Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM 08 Product SM OBS 2 Page List of Tables Table 01 List of H SAF products Table 02 User community addressed by H SAF products Table 03 Definition of the development status of a product according to EUMETSAT Table 04 Relevant persons associated to the User service and to product SM OBS 2 Table 05 Current status of MetOp and Envisat satel
3. IMWM Institute of Meteorology and Water Management in Poland IPF Institut f r Photogrammetrie und Fernerkundung of TU Wien in Austria IR Infra Red IRM Institut Royal M t orologique of Belgium alternative of RMI ISAC Istituto di Scienze dell Atmosfera e del Clima of CNR Italy ITU stanbul Technical University in Turkey LATMOS Laboratoire Atmosph res Milieux Observations Spatiales of CNRS in France LEO Low Earth Orbit LSA SAF SAF on Land Surface Analysis LST Local Solar Time of a sunsynchronous orbit ME Mean Error M t o France National Meteorological Service of France MetOp Meteorological Operational satellite METU Middle East Technical University in Turkey MTF Modulation Transfer Function MW Micro Wave NMA National Meteorological Administration of Romania NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Agency and satellite Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM 08 Product SM OBS 2 NWC NWC SAF NWP NWP SAF O3M SAF OMSZ ORR OSI SAF Pixel PNG PUM PVR REP 3 RMI RMSE SAF SAR SD SHMU SYKE TKK TSMS TU Wien UniFe URL UTC VIS WARP H ZAMG Nowcasting SAF in support to Nowcasting amp Very Short Range Forecasting Numerical Weather Prediction SAF on Numerical Weather Prediction SAF on Ozone and Atmospheric Chemistry Monitoring Hungarian Meteorological Service Operations Readiness Review SAF on Ocean and Sea Ice Picture element Portable Network Graphic
4. 05 SM OBS 1 Large scale surface soil moisture by radar scatterometer 09 SM ASS 1 Volumetric soil moisture roots region by scatterometer assimilation in NWP model SN OBS 1 Snow detection snow mask by VIS IR radiometry SN OBS 2 Snow status dry wet by MW radiometry SN OBS 3 Effective snow cover by VIS IR radiometry H13 SN OBS 4 Snow water equivalent by MW radiometry The work of products generation is shared in the H SAF Consortium as follows e Precipitation products pre fix PR are generated in Italy by the CNMCA close to Rome e CNMCA also manages the Central Archive and the Data service e Soil moisture products pre fix SM are generated in Austria by ZAMG in Vienna and at ECMWF all derive from a Global surface soil moisture generated by EUMETSAT and transmitted worldwide via EUMETCast e ZAMG extracts SM OBS 1 covering the H SAF area from the EUMETSAT Global product and generates SM OBS 2 by disaggregating SM OBS 1 e ECMWE generates a Global volumetric soil moisture by assimilating the EUMETSAT Global product and distributes its worldwide according to its data policy then extracts SM ASS 1 covering the H SAF area e Snow products pre fix SN are generated in Finland by FMI in Helsinki and in Turkey by TSMS in Ankara Products from FMI and TSMS cover the full H SAF area but then they are merged in FMI in such a way that the flat and forested areas stem from the FMI product the mountainous ones
5. 1 e one document for each product They can be retrieved from the CNMCA site e ftp ftp meteoam it username hsaf password OOHsaf directory hsaf folder Final Report Development Phase On the same site it 1s interesting to consult although not closely connected to this PUM the full reporting on hydrological validation experiments impact studies e HVR Hydrological Validation Report spread in 10 Parts first one on requirements tools and models then 8 each one for one participating country and a last Part with overall statements on the impact of H SAF products in Hydrology 1 6 Relevant staff associated to the User Service and to product SM OBS 2 Table 04 records the names of the persons associated to the development and operation of the User service and of product SM OBS 2 Table 04 Relevant persons associated to the User service and to product SM OBS 2 User service development and operation Centro Nazionale di Meteorologia e tal facciorusso meteoam it Climatologia Aeronautica CNMCA f coppola meteoam it g leonforte meteoam it Product Development Team Wolfgang Wagner Leader ww ipf tuwien ac at Stefan Hasenauer Technische Universitat Wien TU Wien Institut fur EA shQ ipf tuwien ac at Marcela Doubkova P hotogrammetrie und Fernerkundung IPF mdo ipf tuwien ac at Daniel Sabel ds ipf tuwien ac at Product Operations Team Barbara Zeiner Leader Zentralanstalt f r Meteorologie und Geodynami
6. 25 km However the disaggregation process performs re sampling at 1 km intervals that therefore would constitute the resolution in best conditions The effectiveness of disaggregation depends on the availability and the effectiveness of the disaggregation parameters that in certain areas may be of poor quality The SM OBS 2 resolution is therefore Ax 7 25 km The sampling distance is I km 3 2 Vertical resolution if applicable The vertical resolution Az also is defined by referring to the vertical sampling distance between two successive product values assuming that they carry forward reasonably independent information The vertical resolution descends from the exploited remote sensing principle and the instrument number of channels or spectral resolution It is difficult to be estimated a priori it is generally evaluated a posteriori by means of the validation activity The only product in H SAF that provides profiles below surface is SM ASS 1 Volumetric soil moisture roots region by scatterometer assimilation in NWP model 3 3 Observing cycle and time sampling The observing cycle At 1s defined as the average time interval between two measurements over the same area In general the area is for GEO the disk visible from the satellite for LEO the Globe In the case of H SAF we refer to the European area shown in Fig 04 In the case of LEO the observing cycle depends on the instrument swath and the number of satellites car
7. KSEC2 KSEC3 ERR IF ERR 0 THEN PRINT ERROR IN BUS0123 ERR FOR MESSAGE NUMBER N ERR 0 CYCLE MSSLOOP ENDIF KEL KVALS KSEC3 3 IF KEL gt KELEM KEL KELEM Expand BUFR message CALL BUFREX KBUFL KBUFF KSUP KSECO KSECI KSEC2 KSEC3 KSECA amp KEL CNAMES CUNITS KVALS VALUES CVALS ERR IF ERR 0 CALL EXIT 2 ISSLOOP DO SUBSET _NR 0 KSUP 6 1 JUMP SUBSET NR KEL CALL BUSEL2 SUBSET NR 1 KEL KTDLEN KTDLST KTDEXL KTDEXP CNAMES amp CUNITS ERR LAMBDA INDEX1D VALUES JUMP 1 IF INDEX1D 1 THEN DO I I NLAT PHI D VALUES JUMP 2 40 00416667 I 1 END DO ENDIF INDEX1D INDEX1D 1 Resolve replication 25 Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM O8 Product SM OBS 2 Page 26 JUMP SM JUMP 5 DO I 1 VALUES JUMP 4 SOMO INDEX2D VALUES JUMP SM SOMO ERR INDEX2D VALUES JUMP SM 1 FLAG 40005 INDEX2D VALUES JUMP SM 2 FLAG 40006 INDEX2D VALUES JUMP SM 3 JUMP SM JUMP SM 4 INDEX2D INDEX2D 1 END DO END DO ISSLOOP END DO MSSLOOP 4 Create the netCDF file and variables OFILNAM IFILNAM 1 SCAN IFILNAM TRUE nc CALL CHECK NF90 CREATE OFILNAM NF90 HDF5 NCID Define the dimensions NLON INDEX1D 1 CALL CHECK NF90 DEF DIM NCID LAT NAME NLAT LAT DIMID CALL CHECK NF90 DEF DIM NCID LON NAME NLON LON DIMID Define the coordinate variables They will hold the coordinate information that is the latitudes and longitudes A varid is returned for
8. Level 0 Global surface V4 soil moisture Y CDA amp EARS EUMETCast o EUMETCast reception ESA ASAR archive Development of the disaggregated surface Provision of software soil moisture and database for Global surface soil moisture Fig 09 Conceptual architecture of the SM OBS 2 production chain Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIV O8 Product SM OBS 2 Page 17 29 Product coverage and appearance Fig 10 shows an example of downscaled surface soil moisture at 1 km resolution for Europe representing a 3 minute strip of a full ASCAT orbit The two sub swaths can be clearly identified no data values e g over the sea are masked out 100 90 ae sg E 80 lu clues c gt s PA Se P Em kefi V t amp 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 Fig 10 Example of small scale surface soil moisture SM OBS 2 from ASCAT Note the two side swaths 550 km each and the 670 km gap in between MetOp A 30 September 2009 20 12 UTC Fig 11 compares the 1 km sampled SM OBS 2 with the 25 km original resolution of SM OBS 1 ascat 2007065035 1751 metapQ2 0 5254 s 125 200
9. as necessary for beta users Each PUM repeats e Chapter 1 this Introduction that includes common information on Objectives and products Evolution of H SAF products User service and Guide to the Products User Manual followed by Chapters specific to each product e Chapter 2 that introduces the specific product Principle of sensing Satellites utilized Instrument s description Highlights of the algorithm Architecture of the products generation chain Product coverage and appearance Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM O8 Product SM OBS 2 Page 12 e Chapter 3 that describes the main product operational characteristics Horizontal resolution and sampling Vertical resolution if applicable only for SM ASS 1 Observing cycle and time sampling Timeliness e Chapter 4 that provides an overview of the product validation activity Validation strategy Global Statistics Product characterisation e Chapter 5 that provides basic information on product availability Access modes Description of the code Description of the file structure Although reasonably self standing the PUM s rely on other documents for further details Specifically e ATDD Algorithms Theoretical Definition Document for extensive details on the algorithms only highlighted here e PVR Product Validation Report for full recount of the validation activity both the evolution and the latest results These documents are structured as this PUM
10. operating over moist soil operating over snow 1 3 Evolution of H SAF products units Post emergency phase Downscaling upscaling of Satellite snow observations One special requirement of the H SAF work plan was that the Hydrological validation programme that started downstream of products availability lasts for a sufficient time There was therefore a need to make available as soon as possible at least part of the products accepting that their status of consolidation was still incomplete the quality was not yet the best and the characterisation was still poor due to limited validation According to EUMETSAT definitions the status of development of a product is qualified as in Table 03 Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM O8 Product SM OBS 2 Page 9 Table 03 Definition of the development status of a product according to EUMETSAT In development Products or software packages that are provided to users without any commitment on the quality or Demonstrational availability of the service and have been considered by the relevant Steering Group to be useful to be disseminated in order to enabling users to test the product and to provide feedback Products or software packages with documented limitations that are able to satisfy the majority of Pre operational applicable requirements and or have been considered by the relevant Steering Group suitable for distribution to users Products or software packages
11. 04 11 09 USE netcdf IMPLICIT NONE INTEGER I INDEXID INDEX2D ERR SUBSET NR JUMP JUMP SM N NLAT NLON NR PIXELS UNIT BUFR INTEGER PARAMETER JSUP 9 JSECO 3 JSEC1 40 JSEC2 4096 JSEC3 4 amp JSEC4 2 JELEM 160000 JBUFL 512000 KELEM 160000 KVALS 4096000 JBY TE 440000 INTEGER KSUP JSUP KSECO JSECO KSEC1 JSEC1 INTEGER KSEC2 JSEC2 KSEC3 JSEC3 KSECA JSECA INTEGER KBUFL KDLEN KEL KTDLEN KTDEXL KTDEXP INTEGER DIMENSION JBUFL KBUFF REAL 8 DIMENSION KVALS VALUES INTEGER DIMENSION JELEM KTDLST CHARACTER LEN 64 DIMENSION KELEM CNAMES CHARACTER LEN 24 DIMENSION KELEM CUNITS CHARACTER LEN 80 DIMENSION KELEM CVALS IDs for the netCDF file dimensions and variables INTEGER NCID LON DIMID LAT DIMID DIMIDS 2 INTEGER LAT VARID LON VARID INTEGER SOMO VARID SOMO ERR VARID SOMO FLAGS VARID SOMO FLAG6 VARID ranges REAL SOMO RANGE 2 0 100 INTEGER 2 FLAG RANGE 2 0 255 names CHARACTER LEN PARAMETER LAT NAME latitude LON NAME longitude CHARACTER LEN PARAMETER UNITS units SOMO UNITS 95 CHARACTER LEN PARAMETER LAT UNITS degrees north LON UNITS degrees east SM data REAL DIMENSION ALLOCATABLE SOMO SOMO ERR LAMBDA PHI INTEGER 2 DIMENSION ALLOCATABLE FLAG 40005 FLAG 40006 CHARACTER LEN 255 IFILNAM OFILNAM DATA KSECO KSEC
12. Fig 07 makes use of a fine mesh layer pre computed and stored in a parameter database The fine mesh information includes backscatter and scaling characteristics derived from SAR imagery from Envisat ASAR operating in the ScanSAR Global monitoring mode Fig 07 Principle of disaggregation by auxiliary data 2 2 Status of satellites and instruments The current status of MetOp and Envisat satellites is shown in Table 05 Table 05 Current status of MetOp and Envisat satellites as of March 2010 Satellite Launch Endofservice Height LST Status Instruments used in H SAF MetO p A 19 Oct 2006 expected gt 2011 817km 09 30d Operational ASCAT 1 Mar 2002 expected 22013 800km 10 00d Operational ASAR Although ASCAT data are not directly used the processed SM OBS 1 product is used instead its main characteristics that are reflected in SM OBS 2 are recorded in the Table 06 The main features of ASAR that is used for building the database of disaggregation parameters are recorded in Table 07 Envisat is managed by ESA and ASAR data are available from the ESA archives Since ASAR is operated in time sharing among several modes building the database for SM OBS 2 is a lengthy undertaking Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUM 08 Product SM OBS 2 Page 14 Table 06 Main features of ASCAT ASCAT Advanced Scatterometer Status Operational Utilisedin the period 2006 to 2021 1 1 1 1 OO Mission Sea su
13. each CALL CHECK NF90 DEF VAR NCID LAT NAME NF90 FLOAT LAT DIMID LAT VARID CALL CHECK NF90 DEF VAR NCID LON NAME NF90 FLOAT LON DIMID LON VARID Assign units attributes to coordinate var data This attaches a text attribute to each of the coordinate variables containing the units CALL CHECK NF90 PUT ATT NCID LAT VARID UNITS LAT UNITS CALL CHECK NF90 PUT ATT NCID LON VARID UNITS LON UNITS The dimids array is used to pass the dimids of the dimensions of the netCDF variables All netCDF variables we are creating share the same two dimensions DIMIDS LON DIMID LAT DIMID Define the netCDF variables for the soil moisture data CALL CHECK NF90 DEF VAR NCID soil moisture NF90 FLOAT DIMIDS SOMO VARID CALL CHECK NF90 PUT ATT NCID SOMO VARID UNITS SOMO UNITS CALL CHECK NF90 PUT ATT NCID SOMO VARID valid range SOMO RANGE GMSM ZAMG RemSens 3 Seite 13 CALL CHECK NF90 DEF VAR DEFLATE NCID SOMO VARID 1 1 9 CALL CHECK NF90 DEF VAR NCID soil moisture error NF90 FLOAT DIMIDS SOMO ERR VARID CALL CHECK NF90 PUT ATT NCID SOMO ERR VARID UNITS SOMO UNITS CALL CHECK NF90 PUT ATT NCID SOMO ERR VARID valid range SOMO RANGE CALL CHECK NF90 DEF VAR DEFLATE NCID SOMO ERR VARID 1 1 9 CALL CHECK NF90 DEF VAR NCID soil moisture correction flag NF90 SHORT DIMIDS SOMO FLAGS VARID CALL CHECK NF90 PUT ATT NCID SOMO FLAGS VARID valid range F
14. 2 KSEC3 KSECA KTDLST amp JSECO 0 JSEC2 0 JSEC3 0 JSECA4 0 JELEM 0 1 Open BUFR file CALL GETARG 1 IFILNAM ERR 0 CALL PBOPEN UNIT IFILNAM R ERR IF ERR 1 STOP OPEN FAILED Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM 08 Product SM OBS 2 Page IF ERR 2 STOP INVALID FILE NAME IF ERR 3 STOP INVALID OPEN MODE SPECIFIED 2 Decode prologue CALL PBBUFR UNIT KBUFF JBYTE 4 K BUFL ERR IF ERR 0 STOP cannot even read the prologue KBUFL KBUFL 4 1 CALL BUS0123 KBUFL KBUFF KSUP KSECO KSECI KSEC2 KSEC3 ERR KEL KVALS KSEC3 3 IF KEL gt KELEM KEL KELEM Expand BUFR message CALL BUFREX KBUFL KBUFF KSUP KSECO KSECI KSEC2 KSEC3 KSECA amp KEL CNAMES CUNITS KVALS VALUES CVALS ERR NLON NINT VALUES 4 VALUES 3 0 00416667 maximum of columns may actually be less NLAT NINT VALUES 6 V ALUES 5 0 00416667 NR PIXELS NLON NLAT ALLOCATE SOMO 1 NR PIXELS ALLOCATE SOMO ERR 1 NR PIXELS ALLOCATE FLAG 40005 1 NR PIXELS ALLOCATE FLAG 40006 1 NR PIXELS ALLOCATE LAMBDA 1 NLON ALLOCATE PHI 1 NLAT 3 Decode actual soil moisture data INDEX1D 1 INDEX2D 1 MSSLOOP DO KBUFL 0 CALL PBBUFR UNIT KBUFF JBYTE A4 KBUFL ERR IF ERR 1 THEN CALL PBCLOSE UNIT ERR EXIT MSSLOOP ENDIF IF ERR 2 STOP FILE HANDLING PROBLEM IF ERR 3 STOP ARRAY TOO SMALL FOR PRODUCT N N 1 KBUFL KBUFL 4 1 CALL BUS0123 KBUFL KBUFF KSUP KSECO KSECI
15. 5 and ends on 31 August 2010 The work programme makes distinction between two Phases e Phase 1 products development prototypes generation preliminary validation e Phase 2 regular production extended validation hydrological validation The H SAF objectives are a to provide new satellite derived products from existing and future satellites with sufficient time and space resolution to satisfy the needs of operational hydrology identified products e precipitation liquid solid rate accumulated Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM O8 Product SM OBS 2 Page 7 e soil moisture at large scale at local scale at surface in the roots region e snow parameters detection cover melting conditions water equivalent b to perform independent validation of the usefulness of the new products for fighting against floods landslides avalanches and evaluating water resources the activity includes downscaling upscaling modelling from observed predicted fields to basin level fusion of satellite derived measurements with data from radar and raingauge networks assimilation of satellite derived products in hydrological models assessment of the impact of the new satellite derived products on hydrological applications This document the PUM Product User Manual is concerned only with the satellite derived products The list of products to be generated by H SAF is shown in Table 01 Table 01 List of H SAF products 02
16. 7060519 1808 200 0605192106 16 35 50 B6 B3 106 Fig 11 Detailed view of SM OBS 2 over central Europe left panel MetOp A 5 J une 2007 19 18 19 19 UTC Area of 880 x 650 km For comparison the SM OBS 1 product is shown right panel No data values are masked Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUM O8 Product SM OBS 2 Page 18 3 Product operational characteristics 3 1 Horizontal resolution and sampling The horizontal resolution Ax is the convolution of several features sampling distance degree of independence of the information relative to nearby samples To simplify matters it is generally agreed to refer to the sampling distance between two successive product values assuming that they carry forward reasonably independent information The horizontal resolution descends from the instrument Instantaneous Field of View IFOV sampling distance pixeD Modulation Transfer Function MTF and number of pixels to co process for filtering out disturbing factors e g clouds or improving accuracy It may be appropriate to specify both the resolution Ax associated to independent information and the sampling distance useful to minimise aliasing problems when data have to undertake resampling e g for co registration with other data In the case of SM OBS 2 the effective resolution is controlled by the originating product SM OBS 1 therefore the worst case figure representative of the SM OBS 2 resolution is Ax
17. ECK STATUS INTEGER INTENT IN STATUS IF STATUS NF90 NOERR THEN WRITE NF90 STRERROR STATUS STOP 2 END IF END SUBROUTINE CHECK END PROGRAM
18. LAG RANGE CALL CHECK NF90 DEF VAR DEFLATE NCID SOMO FLAGS VARID 1 1 9 CALL CHECK NF90 DEF VAR NCID soil moisture processing flag NF90 SHORT DIMIDS SOMO FLAG6 VARID CALL CHECK NF90 PUT ATT NCID SOMO FLAG6 VARID valid range FLAG RANGE CALL CHECK NF90 DEF VAR DEFLATE NCID SOMO FLAG6 VARID 1 1 9 End define mode CALL CHECK NF90 ENDDEF NCID 5 Write the netCDF file clean up and leave Write the coordinate variable data This will put the latitudes and longitudes of our data grid into the netCDF file CALL CHECK NF90 PUT VAR NCID LAT VARID PHI CALL CHECK NF90 PUT VAR NCID LON VARID LAMBDA 1 NLON Write the soil moisture data to the netCDF file CALL CHECK NF90 PUT VAR NCID SOMO VARID TRANSPOSE RESHAPE SOMO 1 INDEX2D 1 NLAT NLON Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM O8 Product SM OBS 2 Page 27 CALL CHECK NF90 PUT VAR NCID SOMO ERR VARID TRANSPOSE RESHAPE SOMO ERR 1 INDEX2D 1 NLAT NLON CALL CHECK NF90 PUT VAR NCID SOMO FLAGS VARID TRANSPOSE RESHAPE FLAG 40005 1 INDEX2D 1 NLAT NLON CALL CHECK NF90 PUT VAR NCID SOMO FLAG6 VARID TRANSPOSE RESHAPE FLAG 40006 1 INDEX2D 1 NLAT NLON Close the file CALL CHECK NF90 CLOSE NCID DEALLOCATE SOMO ERR DEALLOCATE SOMO DEALLOCATE FLAG 40005 DEALLOCATE FLAG 40006 DEALLOCATE LAMBDA DEALLOCATE PHI WRITE SUCCESS in writing JOFILNAM CONTAINS SUBROUTINE CH
19. Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM 08 Product SM OBS 2 Page 1 The EUMETSAT Network of Satellite Application Facilities support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management Italian Meteorological Service Italian Department of Civil Defence H SAF Product User Manual PUM SM OBS 2 Small scale surface soil moisture by radar scatterometer Me A WE OP to XR S ZAM MEN VA up ae SYKE X TT f r Vienna University of Technology Royal Meteorological Europea Centre for Medium Renge Finnish Meteorological Finnish Environment Helsinki University nee und mutt fur Fhotogrammenie Institute of Belgium Weather Forecasts Institute Institute of Technolo Geodynamik und Fernerkundung g gy 9 j LATMgS guo big E n 3 CNR Istituto Scienze TTE CNRS Laboratoire Atmospheres CNRS Centre d Etudes Bundesanstalt f r Hungarian TEM Hence Milieux Observations Spatiales Spatiales de la BlOsphere Gewasserkunde Meteorological Service a b a Univers hadi Femara Institute of Meteorology Romania National Slovak rds Meteorological Turkish State Middle East Technical Istanbul Technical Anadolu University and Water Management Meteorological Administration Institute Meteorological Service University University 31 August 2010 Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUM 08 Product SM OBS 2 H SAF Product User Manual PUM 08 Product SM OBS 2 Small scale surface soil moisture by radar scatterometer INDEX
20. TCast broadcast some hours otherwise e g by ftp The time resolution observing cycle 1s controlled by the number of satellites concurring to perform the observation and the instrument swath J ok um E Fig 04 Required H SAF coverage 25 75 N lat 25 W 45 E 1 4 2 Data circulation and management Fig 05 shows the data circulation scheme in H SAF All products from the generating centres are concentrated at CNMCA except that certain can go directly to the user by dedicated links example GTS Global l Telecommunication System connecting i operational meteorological services From I CNMCA the data are sent to EUMETSAT to 9 y B ion 3 I be broadcast by EUMETCast in near real time All data also go to the H SAF Archive where they can be accessed through the EUMETSAT Data Centre via a Clent Therefore the H SAF products may be accessed e via EUMETCast in near real time primary access mode e off line via the EUMETSAT Data Centre most common access mode for the scientific co
21. ave been evaluated on the base of system considerations number of satellites their orbits access to the satellite and instrument features IFOV swath MTF and others the evaluation of accuracy requires validation i e comparison with the ground truth or with something assumed as true SM OBS 2 as any other H SAF product has been submitted to validation entrusted to a number of institutes see Fig 12 Fig 12 Structure of the Soil moisture products validation team Calibration and validation of soil moisture observation from space is a hard work especially because ground systems are essentially based on very sparse in field measurements Comparison with results of numerical models obviously suffer of the limited skill of NWP in predicting soil moisture a very downstream product that passes through quantitative precipitation forecast that certainly is not the most accurate product of NWP A mixture of several techniques is generally used and the results change with the climatic situation and the status of soil Detailed report of the product validation activity for product SM OBS 2 is provided as document e PVR 08 Product Validation Report for SM OBS 2 In this PUM 08 only summary results are provided mainly aiming at characterising the product quality under different geographical climatological conditions those in the countries of the participating validation Units and different seasons 4 2 Summary of results Prot
22. e of this writing 1s 006001 LONGITUDE HIGH ACCURACY 005001 LATITUDE HIGH ACCURACY 005001 LATITUDE HIGH ACCURACY 103000 delayed replication of 4 BUFR descriptors 031002 EXTENDED DELAYED DESCRIPTOR REPLICATION FACTOR 040001 SURFACE SOIL MOISTURE MS 040002 ESTIMATED ERROR IN SURFACE SOIL MOISTURE 040005 SOIL MOISTURE CORRECTION FLAG 040006 SOIL MOISTURE PROCESSING FLAG OMANANIN NAHB WN Each of these telegrams represents an image column Taking into account the results of the preceding 120 of these telegrams are packed together in a BUFR multi subset Table 1 and Table 2 show the possible values for flags 40005 and 40006 according to WMO definitions Yet only values highlighted in red are at present relevant for the 1km surface soil moisture product Table 1 The WMO codes for BUFR flag No 40005 Soil moisture correction flags NOTE The nominal range for the surface soil moisture is 0 100 In extreme cases the extrapolated backscatter at 40 degrees incidence angle may exceed the dry or the wet backscatter reference In these cases the value provided by the measurement process of surface soil moisture is respectively less than 0 or more than 100 Soil moisture between 20 and 0 Soil moisture between 100 and 120 Correction of wet backscatter reference Table 2 The WMO codes for BUFR flag No 40006 Soil moisture processing flags NOTE See Note under Flag No 40005 Table 1 6 Sl
23. from the TSMS product Exception product SN OBS 2 is only generated by FMI Table 02 deploys the user community addressed by H SAF products Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUM O8 Product SM OBS 2 Page 8 Table 02 User community addressed by H SAF products Fluvial basins Early warning of potential Landslides and flash flood Evaluation of flood damping or management floods forecasting enhancing factors l Extreme events statistics and Ps Dimes and exploitation of snow Operational Territory hydrological risk mapping Soil characterisation and and glaciers for river regime hydrological t h ts vores y g managemen Public works Dieting ydrological response units regularisation Water um Dimes and exploitation of snow reservoirs MU d atorga o e MEM and glaciers for drinkable water evaluation l J and irrigation Assimilation to represent Numerical latent heat release inside the Input of latent heat by Input of radiative heat from Weather atmosphere evapotranspiration through the P Prediction Planetary Boundary Layer UTR O ANNO SPARTE skill Public information on actual National Warning of avalanches meteorological Warning on the status of the services Nowcasting territory fo transport in Tourism information emergencies Warning for agricultural works Assistance to aviation during and crop protection take off and landing NENNT acir exension moron Circulation Models DINE planetary albedo Mise ai
24. hs Files description of h08 yyyymmdd hhmmss satellite nnnnn ZAMG buf gz digital data current month h08 yyyymmdd hhmmss satellite nnnnn ZAMG png yyyymmdd year month day hhmmss hour minute second of first scan line ascending southernmost descending northernmost satellite name of the satellite currently metopa nnnnn orbit number Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM O8 Product SM OBS 2 Page 22 5 4 Condition for use All H SAF products are owned by EUMETSAT and the EUMETSAT SAF Data Policy applies They are available for all users free of charge Users should recognise the respective roles of EUMETSAT the H SAF Leading Entity and the H SAF Consortium when publishing results that are based on H SAF products EUMETSAT s ownership of and intellectual property rights into the SAF data and products is best safeguarded by simply displaying the words EUMETSAT under each of the SAF data and products shown in a publication or website See Appendix SM OBS 2 Output description Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM O8 Product SM OBS 2 Page 23 Appendix SM OBS 2 Output description The Soil moisture products are delivered in BUFR Binary Universal Form for data Representation format which is a continuous bit stream made of sequence of octets encoded according to the current WMO tables A bufr toolbox and a manual for the user can be found at the ECMWF homepage The BUFR template valid at the tim
25. ig 08 illustrates the flow chart of the SM OBS 2 processing chain There is an off line activity to prepare the disaggregation parameters and a real time activity to exploit the satellite data for the product In the off line pre processing step Envisat ASAR Global Mode ASAR GM datasets are re sampled to the geometry of the output product over a predefined European grid All the parameters are stored in a European parameter database When it comes to product generation itself with the software WARP H the disaggregated product is calculated with the restored European parameter database in near real time The idea of the disaggregation approach is to use a temporal stability concept This concept has been established originally in hydrology but has been used in different applications as well Introduced by Vauchaud et al 1985 it is used to estimate representative soil moisture stations within a catchment area With this method the relation between a single local in situ soil moisture station and the regional mean of all in situ soil moisture stations can be described Since then the method has for example been used by Mart nez Fern ndez and Ceballos 20057 to describe the relation between local in situ soil Vauchaud G A Passerat de Silans P Balabanis and M Vauclin 1985 Temporal stability of spatially measured soil water probability density function Soil Science Society of America 49 822 828 Mart nez Fern ndez J and A Ceball
26. ional at the end of the Development Phase 31 August 2010 Until the products are in the development status their distribution is limited to the so called beta users Demonstrational pre operational and operational products have open distribution It 1s fair to record that not all products have been able to follow this schedule Therefore at the end of the Development Phase the status of in development demonstrational pre operational and operational will apply differently to the different products Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM O8 Product SM OBS 2 Page 10 1 4 User service In this section a short overview of the User service is provided in terms of product geographic coverage data circulation and management Web site and Help desk 1 4 1 Product coverage cr kone too dao kei co bec eer aoe Fig 04 shows the required geographic coverage for H SAF products This area is fully covered by the Meteosat image although the resolution sharply decreases at higher latitudes each 15 min For polar satellites the area is covered by strips of swath approximately 1500 km conical scanners or 2200 km cross track scanners cca cn at about 100 min intervals Swaths b rura H intercepting the acquisition range of direct read out stations provide data in few minutes for swaths outside the acquisition range the delay may be several tens of minutes if the satellite instrument data are part of the EARS EUME
27. k ZAMG b zeiner zamg ac at Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUM C8 Product SM OBS 2 Page 13 2 Introduction to product SM OBS 2 2 1 Principle of sensing Product SM OBS 2 Small scale surface soil moisture by radar scatterometer results from post processing of the SM OBS 1 product extracted by ZAMG from the Global surface soil moisture product distributed by EUMETSAT Product SM OBS 1 is based on the radar scatterometer ASCAT embarked on MetOp satellites The instrument scans the scene in a push broom mode by six side looking antennas three left hand three right hand see Fig 06 On each side the three antennas looking aside 45 and 45 respectively provide three views of each earth location under different viewing angles measuring three backscattering coefficients o sigma nought at slightly different time Each antenna triplet provides a side swath of 550 km The two swaths leave a gap close to the sub satellite track of 670 km Global coverage over Europe is achieved in 1 5 days The basic instrument sampling distance is 12 5 km The primary ASCAT observation sea surface wind is processed at 50 km resolution For soil moisture processing is performed at 50 km operational and 25 km research resolution For the purpose of SM OBS 2 the 25 km resolution SM OBS 1 product is disaggregated and re sampled at l km intervals to better fit hydrological requirements The disaggregation process see
28. lites as of March 2010 Table 06 Main features of ASCAT Table 07 Main features of ASAR Table 08 Statistical scores for SM OBS 2 Table 09 Summary instructions for accessing SM OBS 2 data List of Figures Fig 01 Conceptual scheme of the EUMETSAT application ground segment Fig 02 Current composition of the EUMETSAT SAF network in order of establishment Fig 03 Logic of the incremental development scheme Fig 04 Required H SAF coverage 25 75 N lat 25 W 45 E Fig 05 H SAF central archive and distribution facilities Fig 06 Scanning geometry of ASCAT Fig 07 Principle of disaggregation by auxiliary data Fig 08 Flow chart of the processing chain for the disaggregated soil moisture product Fig 09 Conceptual architecture of the SM OBS 2 production chain Fig 10 Example of small scale surface soil moisture SM OBS 2 from ASCAT Note the two side swaths 550 km each and the 670 km gap in between MetOp A 30 September 2009 20 12 UTC Fig 11 Detailed view of SM OBS 2 over central Europe left panel MetOp A 5 June 2007 19 18 19 19 UTC Area of 880 x 650 km For comparison the SM OBS 1 product is shown right panel No data values are masked Fig 12 Structure of the Soil moisture products validation team 07 08 12 13 14 14 21 21 06 06 09 10 10 13 13 15 16 17 17 19 Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM 08 Product SM OBS 2 Page 4 Acronyms ASAR Advanced Syn
29. mmunity Fig 05 H SAF central archive and distribution facilities e by dedicate links such as GTS fastest mode generally available to operational meteorological Services It is noted that this scheme is valid only for pre operational and operational products For products in development disseminated to beta users only or demonstrational products the distribution ordinarily utilises the ftp servers of the product generation centres or the CNMCA server CNMCA also re disseminate the products generated in other centres therefore all products can be retrieved from the CNMCA server The ftp dissemination stream will continue to be active even after the EUMETCast dissemination becomes effective both for redundancy purpose and for users not equipped for EUMETCast reception Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM 08 Product SM OBS 2 Page 11 1 4 3 The H SAF web site The address of the H SAF web site 1s e http www meteoam it modules php name hsaf The web site provides general public information on H SAF H SAF products description rolling information on the H SAF implementation status an area for collecting updating information on the status of satellites and instruments used in H SAF an area to collect Education and Training material an area for forums on algorithms on validation campaigns etc indication of useful links specifically with other SAF s an area for Frequently Asked Que
30. ope Mid Aft beam out of range 8 Soil moisture above 120 The first telegram in the operational BUFR files is different and provides the user with some information useful for deciding whether the file actually has some data of interest in it and is worth further decoding in particular the prologue reports the geographical coverage of the dataset Template of the prologue Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM O8 Product SM OBS 2 Page 24 1 025061 SOFTWARE IDENTIFICATION AND VERSION NUMBER 2 025062 DATABASE IDENTIFICATION 3 006002 LONGITUDE COARSE ACCURACY 4 006002 LONGITUDE COARSE ACCURACY 5 005002 LATITUDE COARSE ACCURACY 6 005002 LATITUDE COARSE ACCURACY For those users which are not so familiar with BUFR a program which converts the operational 1 km soil moisture product SM OBS 2 file into netCDF is attached here PROGRAM BUFR2NETCDF PURPOSE DECODE THE OPERATIONAL 1 KM SOIL MOISTURE PRODUCT IN BUFR FORMAT RE ENCODE IN netCDF FORMAT EXTERNALS BUFREX BUSEL2 BUS0123 PBBUFR PBOPEN PBCLOSE COMPILATION f90 o bufr2netcdf bufr2netcdf F90 L NETCDF libdir Inetcdf L HDF libdir Ihdf5 hl Ihdf5 LS BUFR libdir Ibufr CALL bufr2netcdf lt BUFR file s name gt OUTPUT NetCDF file with extension 1 e everything after the last dot replaced by nc h08 20090816 105100 metopa 14658 ZAMG buf becomes h08 20090816 105100 metopa 14658 ZAMG nc AUTHOR Alexander Jann ZAMG DATE
31. os 2005 Mean soil moisture estimation using temporal stability analysis Journal of Hydrology 312 28 38 Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM 08 Product SM OBS 2 Page 15 moisture data and regional soil moisture trends If the spatial coverage of ASAR GM data is not sufficient for regions in Europe the product SM OBS 2 is not defined there currently the case for UK parts of the Benelux countries and the Alpine parts of Italy mainly due to conflicting operating modes of the ENVISAT instruments As development is an ongoing process the product will continue to be re tuned as the acquisition and coverage of ASAR GM grows umm QFF LINE ACTIVITY gt lt REAL TIME ACTIVITY Emm WARP H Disaggregation processing Resampling to European projection Product data type constitution Quality flag generation Fig 08 Flow chart of the processing chain for the disaggregated soil moisture product Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM O8 Product SM OBS 2 Page 16 2 4 Architecture of the products generation chain The architecture of the SM OBS 2 product generation chain is shown in Fig 09 The figure includes mention of the primary source of satellite data the Global surface soil moisture product generated by EUMETSAT and disseminated via EUMETCast and of the source for disaggregation parameters the ASAR instrument on Envisat with data available from the ESA archive EUMETCast MetOp any u Ec Envisat
32. otypes of SM OBS 2 have been available since May 2009 and since then the product has been distributed and submitted for validation User requirements for soil moisture observation have been stated in terms of RMSE m m The results reported in Table 08 are split by countries and campaigns separately for field measurements and comparison with the output of hydrological models The following statistical scores are reported for more information see PVR 08 ME Mean Error SD Standard Deviation RMSE Root Mean Square Error CC Correlation coefficient Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM O8 Product SM OBS 2 Page 20 Table 08 Statistical scores for SM OBS 2 aoe re ae ten ee NN France South West 0 86 max TU Wien amp eR 01 2007 E 01 2007 Tunisia 01 2009 TU Wien amp Luxembourg 3p 01 2007 Sfc 0 18 Sfc 0 29 Sfc 0 58 CNR IRPI Bibeschbach 12 2008 Root 0 18 Root 0 14 Root 0 84 TU Wien amp Italy 3b 01 2007 1 Sfc 0 03 Sfc 0 30 Sfc 0 46 CNR IRPI Tiber 12 2008 R oot 0 04 Root 0 15 Root 0 85 Belgium 01 2007 109 g em iere opm campus 008 o os Belgium 01 2007 685 em our poos samples 92 co M 076 TU Wien amp Italy 33 01 2007 1 Sfc 0 12 Sfc 0 22 Sfc 0 74 CNR IRPI Tiber 12 2008 Root 0 12 Root 0 14 Root 0 84 Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM O8 Product SM OBS 2 Page 21 5 Product availability 5 1 Site SM OBS 2
33. rface wind vector Also large scale soil moisture 11 11 O Instrument type Radar scatterometer C band 5 255 GHz side looking both left and right 3 antennas on each side Scanning technique Two 550 km swaths separated by a 700 km gap along track 3 looks each pixel 45 90 and 135 azimuth Global coverage in 1 5 days Best quality 50 km standard quality 25 km basic sampling 12 5 km Mass 260 kg Power 215 W Data rate 42 kbps Table 07 Main features of ASAR ASAR Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar SAR mode Satellite Envisat o O Status Operational Utilised in the period 2002 to 2013 1 10 0000000000 Mission High resolution all weather multi purpose imager for ocean land and ice O O Z o o Imaging radar C band SAR frequency 5 331 GHz multi polarisation and variable pointing resolution Coverage cycle Global coverage in 5 day for the global monitoring mode if used for 70 of the time in longer periods for other operation modes up to 3 months 30 m to 1 km depending on operation mode See table Mass 832 kg Power 1400 W Data rate 100 Mbps Operation mode Resolution Swath Field of regard 485 km HH or VV Wave 30m 5x5 km imagettes sampled at 100 km intervals HHorvv 2 3 Highlights of the algorithm The baseline algorithm for SM OBS 2 processing is described in ATDD 08 Only essential elements are highlighted here F
34. rying the addressed instrument The ASCAT swath is 550 4 550 km on the two sides with a 670 km gap in between The gap left by ascending orbits is mostly filled by descending orbits In average the observing cycle over Europe is 4t 36 h improving with latitude However areas where disaggregation parameters are not available are not processed therefore the SM OBS 2 maps leave several gaps of coverage These gaps will progressively reduce along with progress of the ASAR coverage and ultimately with the availability of the ESA GMES Sentinel 1 launch scheduled in 2012 3 4 Timeliness The timeliness 6 is defined as the time between observation taking and product available at the user site assuming a defined dissemination mean The timeliness depends on the satellite transmission facilities the availability of acquisition stations the processing time required to generate the product and the reference dissemination means In the case of H SAF the future dissemination tool is EUMETCast but currently we refer to the availability on the FTP site The product is generated shortly after reception of the Global product from EUMETSAT via EUMETCast that has a timeliness of 1 5 h The processing time is less than 20 minutes Adding 10 min for distribution we have 2 h Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM O8 Product SM OBS 2 Page 19 4 Product validation 4 1 Validation strategy Whereas the previous operational characteristics h
35. s Product User Manual Product Validation Report H SAF Products Valiadation Report Royal Meteorological Institute of Belgium alternative of IRM Root Mean Square Error Satellite Application Facility Synthetic Aperture Radar Standard Deviation Slovak Hydro Meteorological Institute Suomen ymparistokeskus Finnish Environment Institute Teknillinen korkeakoulu Helsinki University of Technology Turkish State Meteorological Service Technische Universitat Wien in Austria University of Ferrara in Italy Uniform Resource Locator Universal Coordinated Time Visible W Ater Retrieval Package for hydrologic applications Zentralanstalt fur Meteorologie und Geodynamik of Austria Product User Manual 31 August 2010 PUIM 08 Product SM OBS 2 Page 6 1 Introduction to H SAF 1 1 The EUMETSAT Satellite Application Facilities H SAF is part of the distributed application ground segment of the European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites EUMETSAT The application ground segment consists of a Central Application Facility CAF and a network of eight Satellite Application Facilities SAFs dedicated to development and operational activities to provide satellite derived data to support specific user communities See Fig 01 Systems of the Data Acquisition
36. stions FAQ to alleviate the load on the Help desk The web site supports operations by providing daily schedule of H SAF product distribution administrative messages on changes of product version new algorithms etc The web site contains some basic H SAF documents the ATDD Algorithms Theoretical Definition Document this Product User Manual However most working documents REP 3 Report of the Products Validation Programme REP 4 Report of the Hydrological Validation Programme etc programmatic documents PP Project Plan URD User Requirements Documents etc and engineering documents are to be found in the CNMCA ftp server restricted access see later for the URL It is noted that certain areas of the web sites are protected by an ID satelliti and a password again satelliti 1 4 4 The Help desk For any question that cannot be solved by consulting the web site specifically the FAQ area the following Help desk is available e hsafuser support lt us_hsaf meteoam it gt When addressing the Help desk the user should specify in the Subject one of the following codes MAN management PRE precipitation SOM soil moisture SNO snow HYD hydrology ARC archive GEN general 1 5 The Products User Manual and its linkage to other documents Product User Manuals are available for each pre operational H SAF product for open users and also for demonstrational products
37. thetic Aperture Radar on Envisat ASAR GM ASAR Global Mode ASCAT Advanced Scatterometer on MetOp ATDD Algorithms Theoretical Definition Document AU Anadolu University in Turkey BfG Bundesanstalt f r Gewasserkunde in Germany BUFR Binary Universal Form for the Representation of meteorological data CAF Central Application Facility of EUMETSAT CC Correlation Coefficient CDA Command and Data Acquisition station CESBIO Centre d Etudes Spatiales de la BlOsphere of CNRS in France CM SAF SAF on Climate Monitoring CNMCA Centro Nazionale di Meteorologia e Climatologia Aeronautica in Italy CNR Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche of Italy CNRS Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique of France CORINE COoRdination of INformation on the Environment DPC Dipartimento Protezione Civile of Italy DWD Deutscher Wetterdienst EARS EUMETSAT Advanced Retransmission Service ECMWF European Centre for Medium range Weather Forecasts Envisat Environmental Satellite ESA European Space Agency EUM Short for EUMETSAT EUMETCast EUMETSAT s Broadcast System for Environmental Data EUMETSAT European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites FMI Finnish Meteorological Institute FTP File Transfer Protocol GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit GMES Global Monitoring for Environment and Security GRAS SAF SAF on GRAS Meteorology H SAF SAF on Support to Operational Hydrology and Water Management IFOV Instantaneous Field Of View
38. ud d soil moisture Monitoring snow accumulation Preparation for unction of rainfall monitoring growth emergencies Preparation of facilities and Planning of in field activities for Planning of in field activities for staff for a possible emergency event mitigation event mitigation Civil defence Emergency Operational conditions for Operational conditions for management Alert to population transport and use of staff and transport and use of staff and mitigation facilities mitigation facilities De ranking of alertlevel and mitigation facilities mitigation facilities possible event iteration to possible event iteration Assessment of the role of Assessment of the role of Meteorology precipitation process observed soil moisture in observed snow parameters in Assimilation of precipitation NWP either for verification or NWP either for verification or observation in NWP models initialisation initialisation Downscaling upscaling of Downscaling upscaling of Research amp satellite precipitation satellite soil moisture development observations observations activities Hydrology Fusion with ground based GIS based fusion with GIS based fusion with observations ground based observations ground based observations Assimilation and impact Assimilation and impact Assimilation and impact studies studies studies ny Decisional models for the alert Organisational models for Organisational models for Civil defence dde System
39. will be available via EUMETCast when authorized and via FTP after log in The current access is via FTP at the following site e URL ftp ftp meteoam it e username hsaf e password O0Hsaf The data are loaded in the directory e products for near real time dissemination and data holding for nominally 1 2 months often more Older data are stored in the permanent H SAF archive and can be recovered on request Quick looks of the latest 3 days of SM OBS 2 maps covering some H SAF areas can be viewed on the H SAF web site e http www meteoam it modules php name hsaf e directory products sub directory soil moisture ID satelliti password satelliti 5 2 Formats and codes SM OBS 2 is codes as e the digital data BUFR e the image like maps PNG In the directory utilities the folder Bufr_decode provides the instructions for reading the digital data In addition the output description of SM OBS 2 is provided in Appendix 5 3 Description of the files The data are available under e Directory products e Sub directory A06 e Two folders h08 cur mon buf h08 cur mon png Table 09 summarises the situation and provides the information on the file structure Table 09 Summary instructions for accessing SM OBS 2 data URL ftp ftp meteoam it password 00Hsaf directory products Product identifier h08 h08 cur mon buf digital data of current months Folders under h08 h08 cur mon png Images of current mont
40. with documented non relevant limitations that largely satisfy the Operational requirements applicable and or have been considered by the relevant Steering Group mature enough for distribution to users The need for early release of products to activate the Hydrological validation programme as soon as possible led to define a stepwise approach for H SAF products development This is shown in Fig 03 Products Demonstrational Pre operational Prototypes in development products products D Special Limited distribution Progressively Open Open distribution to beta users open distribution distribution distribution Fig 03 Logic of the incremental development scheme The time reference for this work plan 1s as follows e after approximately two years from the start of the Project i e starting from the nominal date of 1 January 2008 a substantial fraction of the products listed in Table 01 are released first as in development and then after as soon as some validation is performed as demonstrational e in the remaining three years the Hydrological validation programme builds up and grows Mid time i e in mid 2009 the products of the first release are supposed to become pre operational and the products missing the first release reach at least a demonstrational status All products should become operat
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