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User Manual STAN 2.5

1. 31 S 33 Enc 34 Graphical Aldss ni nee een EE cete extera rhe PE Inv led oe 36 EE 40 ROWS nn e EE FR Ie HORAE reisen ke Suede Seed be eet bac eee E ERR Reg en Dra 49 System Boundarv EE 58 Magia ar 59 Datalmport and eor nr nn ei e re 60 Ealeulation an Rn nte etate T Ere Maat E 65 Export and Print System Diagram isses eene enne tnn nani nnns eterne sanas sse 73 Dialog Windows 77 Options Dialoe e 77 Edit Units Dial g ER 81 Define Material Dialog rte toe tro Poe eee 82 Layers and Periods Dialog noeneen 83 Edit PrOGess Dialog ab ailiimgeakneseinlnlnikksenhiekresseidh 84 Flow Graph Dialog oreet 86 Edit MEA Data Dialog eoe enne ore ees makes tage ea eden 87 Calculation Dialog 54 rec c PO IER I Oe en ses i ER CERE REA RI ERES FER ERR ten 88 Print Preview Dialog tt etr ted to REFER t buen vite cde Heeres Teer essen 88 Export System Diagram 89 Calculation Modules Dialog ort d t tee rrt eror ERE eoe Ee 90 Edit Relations t Dialog rentre en Suh bye Ra BERRY VER eee FERRE 90 STAN 2 5 STAN 2 5
2. Notes 1 On the layer of goods you can enter optionally mass mass flow volume volume flow and or density 2 Onthe layer of substances you can enter optionally mass mass flow and or concentration mass substance per mass or volume good respectively 3 Onthe layer of energy you can enter optionally energy energy flow and or concentration energy per mass or volume good respectively 4 Ifyou want to consider data uncertainties you can enter the range of uncertainty in form of the standard uncertainty in the data field right of the sign The data set will be interpreted as mean value and standard uncertainty of an assumed normal distribution 5 Uncertainties can also be entered in percent if a mean value is already given e g 1096 The entry will be automatically transformed into an absolute value 6 By default entered data will be displayed optionally with a maximum of 2 digits after the comma l e if the number has more than two digits after the comma it will be displayed rounded i DISPLAY PROCESS LIST A process list shows a list of all processes with their input and output flows 1 Onthe EDIT menu click PROCESS LIST 2 Click 8 export the process list as Excel 2003 file Notes 48 e Manual STAN 2 5 To group the data sets hierarchically drag and drop column headings into the grey area above If you want to restore the standard settings click ay DOCUMENT STOCK VALUES The documentation of data is an ess
3. Edit Relations 2 Dialog e Kein PEE ee nn eaten O Eaa Fede pae agree 90 Edit Transfer Coefficient Dialog cccccccccessssececececsesssaeeececesesasseeeeeceeseeeaesseeeesccesssasaeseeeeeeees 91 Export MFA Data Dialog EE 91 Process List Dialog c 92 Select from Flow Catalog Dialog ccccecscsccccecsesssseeecececeesesaseeecscsesesaeseeeesceeseeseeaeseesesseeseeaees 92 Web bogin Dialog 0 rre hd tee cre et woh PR He rer Ro 93 Load Documents from STAN platfOrim ccceccccccccessssesececccscsesesaeceeceesesesaeseescecsesesaaeseeeeeeeeees 93 Settings Cericic 2012 Dialog iit Henn vos Ra vos sean FER Eee Phe SERRE REF TERN 94 Settings Kelly 2091 DidlOB E EE Peg RR one a REPRE FERE TERES ERES 94 Edit Rating and Release State Dialog ccceccecccccessssssececececsessaececsceeseseeseseeecesseesesaeeeseeeeeeees 95 Object Properties 97 System Properties 2 ree eene bee ee eo Co eae a oes exe 97 Process Propertles hentai en aka 97 Flow Properties uen EC t eoo see tee e tenete de E cn re E ARR Re tha 98 TextField Properties dier rte t nel e Ple eee RR Qo 101 Appendix 103 c 103 Index 107 Contents e v GENERAL INFORMATION Here you find general information for STAN 2 5 STAN 2 THE STANDARD FOR MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSIS STAN short for
4. density good DATA UNCERTAINTY STAN allows the consideration of data uncertainties It is assumed that uncertain quantities are normally distributed given by their mean value and standard deviation This approximation offers the possibility to use methods like error propagation and data reconciliation e g normally distributed random quantity with mean value 100 and standard deviation 20 0025 4 density H 0 020 0 015 0010 D 005 0 000 0 20 a 60 60 100 120 14 160 180 2n x value 95 percent of all data can be found within the interval mean value two times the standard deviation Because of that it is called a 9596 confidence interval While the STANDARD DEVIATION S describes the deviation of the sample the STANDARD UNCERTAINTY U describes the deviation of the mean value The standard uncertainty is calculated by dividing the standard deviation by the square root of the sample number n In STAN the STANDARD UNCERTAINTY should be used ERROR PROPAGATION If an unknown quantity is to be calculated from a function of normally distributed independent random variables its uncertainty variance can be calculated by the law of error propagation STAN 2 5 Material Flow Analysis e 11 N oY 2 sy SX SX OX i f A B C k A S k S7 The method of error propagation is part of the algorithm for data reconciliation that is performed automatically when calculating with
5. 1E 12 6 Epsilon A regularization parameter for A Q A lambda B B to increase the numerical stability if a row is vacuous gt A Q A lambda B B epsilon lg Default 1E 12 7 Lambda Estimated variance of the unmeasured variables used as a regularization parameter in A Q A lambda B B Default 1E6 Will be used if no values for Lambdal and Lambda2 are given 8 Lambda1 and Lambda2 for improved calculation of estimated raw variance of the unmeasured variables gt w i Lambda1 abs y i Lambda2 2 If Lambda1 or Lambda2 is less or equal 0 Lambda will be used instead default 100 9 Convergence tolerance Convergence tolerance for constraint closure If the constraint or function residuals have a 2 norm less than this tolerance then the iterative calculation is stopped 10 Zero values tolerance All absolute values less than this tolerance will be considered zero during update of vectors and matrices 11 Observability tolerance All entries in o dat with an absolute value less than this tolerance will be considered zero observable Note e Forlarge systems calculation module Kelly 2011 is much quicker than Cencic 2012 because it is operating with sparse matrices TOGGLE SCALING Goal of the automatic scaling procedure is to reduce the condition number of the equation system matrices thus reducing the influence of disturbed input data e g due to rounding errors on the results if scaling is not des
6. Click RESET TO DEFAULTS FILE MANAGEMENT Here you find information about the following topics e Open New Document e Open Document e Save Document e Save Copy of a Document e Close Document NEW DOCUMENT e Onthe STANDARD toolbar click ui e Press CTRL N e OntheFILE menu click NEW OPEN DOCUMENT e Onthe STANDARD toolbar click EA e Press CTRL O e OntheFILE menu click OPEN STAN 2 5 Manual e 27 Attention Old STAN files with extension mfa and xmfa are converted automatically in STAN 2 5 files with extension zmfa SAVE DOCUMENT e Onthe STANDARD toolbar click e Press CTRL S e OntheFILE menu click SAVE Attention Files that are saved with STAN 2 5 extension zmfa cannot be reopened automatically with STAN 2 0 If this is necessary you can unzip zmfa files an give them the extension xmfa SAVE COPY OF A DOCUMENT 1 Onthe FILE menu click SAVE AS 2 Enter the name of the document 3 Click SAVE CLOSE DOCUMENT e OntheFILE menu click CLOSE e Onthetitle bar of the DRAWING AREA click the CLOSE button WEB SERVICE Under http stan2web net a web platform can be reached that enables the exchange of STAN files between users All necessary functions can be accessed via INTERNET toolbar Here you find information about the following topics Login into STAN Portal e LoadFile from STAN Portal e Save file to STAN Portal e Change Release State o
7. column headings click the according column headings 2 Toinclude other fields in the sorting procedure click additional column headings by simultaneously pressing SHIFT Note e Each click on a column heading changes the sorting order alphabetically rising or falling i SELECT DATA SETS e Click the row marker square in front of a row to select a data set 62 e Manual STAN 2 5 e For multiple selections click additional row markers by simultaneously pressing CTRL Toselect a data block click the row marker of the first data set and then by simultaneously pressing SHIFT the row marker of the last data set of the block Alternatively click the row marker of the first data set and sweep the mouse pointer to the last row marker while keeping the mouse button pressed EDIT STAN DATA ATTENTION e Toedit data the edit mode A has to be switched on and input data has to be displayed e Only cells that contain numbers can be edited 1 Select a cell in the data grid 2 Enter a number and optionally a unit directly behind the number Notes e fnounitis entered the display unit is assumed e The entered units will be checked automatically when the Data Explorer is closed or when VALIDATE is clicked COPY STAN DATA SETS TO CLIPBOARD 1 Optional Group and sort data sets 2 Select the desired data sets 3 the rows to the clipboard click E or press CTRL C Note e This copy a
8. x 4 Start of Istperiod 2011 09 22 09 52 08 v EXCLUDE PROCESSES FROM BALANCING ON LAYER OF GOODS If only those input and output flows of process are modeled that contain a certain substance the balancing on the layer of goods law of material conservation transfer coefficient equations does not make any sense Those processes have to be marked 1 Select a process 2 Onthe PROPERTIES window select the PROCESS tab 66 e Manual STAN 2 5 3 Remove the tick in front of BALANCING Note e Inthe system diagram the name of processes that are not balanced during calculation on the layer of goods is written in brackets ENTER ADDITIONAL LINEAR RELATIONS Additional linear relation between similar data types e g two flows can be added 1 Onthe EDIT menu select EDIT RELATIONS 2 Click on ENTER NEW RELATION and afterwards the button 3 Choose the VALUE TYPE e g Masses Volumes Concentrations Transfer coefficients LAYER PERIOD and SOURCE of the variables A and B 4 Define the proportion factor and confirm with OK STAN 2 5 Manual e 67 Edit Relation Value Type Masses Value A Layer Goods Period 2012 Type Flow Mass mit Source Flow Process TC F1 Flow 1 Note Layer Goods Period 2012 Type Flow Mass mit Source Flow Process TC F2 Flow 2 Flow Mass mit F1 Goods 2012 2 x Flow Mass mit F
9. Drag a column header here to group by that column Flow Mass m apy e Edit Additional Linear Relations EDIT RELATIONS 2 DIALOG Here you can define linear relation between similar entities e g flows values on the same layer You can reach this dialog over Edit Additional Relations 1 Dialog 90 e Dialog Windows STAN 2 5 r Edit Relation Value Type Masses Value A Layer Goods Period 2012 Type Flow Mass m t Flow Mass m t Source Flow Process TC Source Flow Process TC F1 Flow 1 F2 Flow 2 Flow Mass m t F 1 Goods 2012 2 x Flow Mass mit F2 Goods 2012 e Edit Additional Linear Relations EDIT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT DIALOG This dialog can be opened from the EDIT PROCESS dialog It can be used for entering transfer coefficients Edit Transfer Coefficient 05 Literature ref Cencic 2008 Remarks Table X Page Y e Edit Transfer Coefficient EXPORT MFA DATA DIALOG Here you can export system data flow values transfer coefficients stock values with relation to masses NO volumes as csv files STAN 2 5 Dialog Windows 91 Sz Export of MFA Data J S IS e Export Data to File PROCESS LIST DIALOG Here you see a so called process list It displays all processes of the model together with their input and output flows f Process List Beispiel mit 2 Perioden Gut 2007 Proc
10. REMARKS SYSTEM BOUNDARY Here you find information about the following topics e Rename System e _Insert Refresh System Boundary e Select System Boundary Change System Boundary Size e Move System Boundary e Delete System Boundary RENAME SYSTEM 1 Onthe MODEL EXPLORER window click the name of the system 2 Onthe PROPERTIES window enter the name of the system Note e fthe system is saved and no name has been stated it is automatically assigned the file name 1 LENS 1 On the SHAPES window click 2 Click on the DRAWING AREA Notes e system boundary will be inserted refreshed automatically e Additional to the system boundary a couple of text fields are inserted sum of imports exports change in stocks name and period SELECT SYSTEM BOUNDARY 1 Onthe SHAPES window click to switch to the edit mode 2 Onthe DRAWING AREA click the system boundary 58 e Manual STAN 2 5 CHANGE SYSTEM BOUNDARY SIZE 1 Select the system boundary 2 Drag and drop one of the green handles on the perimeter of the system boundary to the desired position i MOVE SYSTEM BOUNDARY 1 Select the system boundary 2 Drag and drop the system boundary to its new position DELETE SYSTEM BOUNDARY 1 Select the system boundary 2 On the DIAGRAM toolbar click Br press DELETE TEXT FIELDS Here you find information about the following topics e Insert Text Field e Sele
11. This dialog offers the possibility to search and load documents from the STAN platform STAN 2 5 Dialog Windows 93 r Sz Load documents from STAN platform ct Drag a column header here to group by that column Last update Name of the MFA document Author Rating Status Input docu Input Calculation level 12 12 2011 826 None 107 29 0 gt 12 12 2011 8 26 Released 33 17 33 12 122011 8 26 None 0 0 e File from STAN Portal SETTINGS CENCIC 2012 DIALOG This dialog offers the possibility to change the parameters of calculation module Cencic 2012 Settings Cencic 2008 Convergence tolerance 1E 10 Tolerance 0 values 1E 100 Observable tolerance feo _ Dems e Change Options of Calculation Module Cencic 2012 SETTINGS KELLY 2011 DIALOG This dialog offers the possibility to change the parameters of calculation module Kelly 2011 94 e Dialog Windows STAN 2 5 Settings Kelly2011 Maximum numbers of non zeros Multiplier for maximum numbers ofnon zeros 100 Scaling factor Scale flag Gamma Epsilon Lambda Convergence tolerance Eo Tolerance 0 values CO Observable tolerance ST e Change Options of calculation Module Kelly 2011 EDIT RATING AND RELEASE STATE DIALOG This dialog offers the possibility to edit the rating administrators only and change the
12. anymore will be deleted after a warning i CHANGE PROCESS COLOR 1 Select a process 2 Onthe PROPERTIES window select the SHAPE tab and choose the desired process color STAN 2 5 Manual e 43 EERE ESOS HEEBBEEE Info Werte TOGGLE ANCHOR POINTS e On the DIAGRAM toolbar toggle ed Notes e Potential anchor points are located on the border of a process on grid points e Anchor points are created automatically when flow is connected to a process e Each anchor point can only hold one flow CHANGE PROCESS SIZE 1 Select a process 2 Drag and drop one of the green handles on the perimeter of the process to the desired position Process 2 Notes e pointer picture indicates the possible directions of movement e position of anchor points stays the same when the process size is changed e The size reduction of processes is limited by existing anchor points SET DEFAULT PROCESS SIZE 44 e Manual STAN 2 5 1 On the EXTRAS menu select OPTIONS and click the DEFAULTS tab 2 Onthe PROCESS pane enter default width and height of a process in mm 3 Click OK or APPLY Note e minimum width and height is 10mm EDIT SUBSYSTEM This is only possible if the process has been defined as subsystem 1 Double click a subsystem or 1 Select a subsystem 2 Onthe EDIT menu select EDIT SUBSYSTEM or use the context menu right click of the subsystem Result e Anew drawing area op
13. as display unit This can be done independently for each layer goods substances energy Edit Units e Select Display Unit DEFINE MATERIAL DIALOG Here you find a list of already defined substances elements of the periodic table If necessary additional substances can be created 82 e Dialog Windows STAN 2 5 Define Material E __ Actinium Silver oos Aluminium EES MEDIE e Define Substances e Delete Substances LAYERS AND PERIODS DIALOG Here you can define which layers and periods should be considered in your material flow analysis REGISTER LAYERS You see a list of defined layers The good layer always exists You can add substances or delete existing ones e Create New Layer e Delete Layers e Select Layers for Calculation i REGISTER PERIODS STAN 2 5 Dialog Windows 83 Here you can define the periods that you are interested in period duration number of periods start of 1st period and choose which of them shall be considered for calculation Layers amp Periods 1 4 2011 09 22 09 52 08 e Edit Periods e Select Periods for Calculation EDIT PROCESS DIALOG The PROCESS PROPERTIES Dialog is an alternative to the PROPERTY Window to enter data In the case of a process without stock you can enter transfer coefficients in case of a process with stock you can enter stock and change in stock data i GENERAL INFORMATION Here you can ente
14. e Process e Stock e Flow e Flux e System e System Boundary e Material Flow Analysis MFA e Transfer Coefficient TC SUBSTANCE A substance is any chemical element or compound composed of uniform units All substances are characterized by a unique and identical constitution and are thus homogenous e g N C Cu NH4 CO2 Using this definition makes clear that drinking water is not a substance It is composed of substances such as pure water calcium and many trace elements Even PVC is not a substance because it consists of polyvinyl chloride and some additives Goods are defined as economic entities of matter with a positive or negative value e g drinking water fuel oil and solid waste sewage respectively Some goods have no economic value i e they are neutral in their values e g air exhaust or precipitation MATERIAL The term material serves as an umbrella term for both substances and goods Therefore it includes raw materials as well as all physically or chemically modified substances The term material is used in cases of looking at goods and substances or when it is not yet clear at which level goods or substances an analysis will take place PROCESS A process is defined as the transformation transport or storage of goods and substances Processes are STAN 2 5 Material Flow Analysis e 5 e the metabolism of a city human or animal an activity in a household e g waste sep
15. flows volume flows mass fractions mass concentrations they will automatically be assigned to the correct columns If the block is inserted into a mean value column the data will be moved to the correct mean value columns Inserting into a uncertainty column works the same EXPORT DATA TO FILE 1 Onthe bottom of the STAN data table click EXPORT 2 Choose which data flow values transfer coefficients stock values you want to export 3 Enter path name and extension csv txt of file s 4 Choose from options if you want to export column headings and or hidden columns e g calculated data 5 Click OK S2 Export of MFA Data 1 4 3 C Users Oliver CencicNDocumentsNFlusswerte cs C Users Oliver Cencic Documents Transferkoeffi au C Users Oliver Cencic Documents Lagerwerte cs m C Users Oliver Cencic Documents Lageranderun iss lt s s ISI Tabulator Tabulator Excel 4 0 default V Export hidden columns CHECK IMPORTED DATA e Inthe STAN data table click VALIDATE 64 e Manual STAN 2 5 Notes e fthe data contains a syntax error a warning will be displayed and the cells with errors will be marked e Using tool tip you can display the error of each cell e The data will be checked automatically if OK or APPLY is clicked CLOSE DATA EXPLORER Click OK or APPLY to accept the changes Click CANCEL to reject the changes CALCULATION The cal
16. interface You also have the possibility to consider data uncertainties The calculation algorithm uses mathematical statistical tools such as data reconciliation error propagation and gross error detection STAN is available in German and English Funded by Altstoff Recycling Austria AG voestalpine Lebensministerium Federal States of Austria STAN 2 5 General Information e 1 COPYRIGHT t PUBLISHER TU Vienna Institute for Water Quality Resources and Waste Management Department of Waste and Resources Management Univ Prof Dipl Ing Dr techn Helmut Rechberger DI Oliver Cencic STAN SOFTWARE i PROGRAMMERS Graphical User Interface Ing Alfred Kovacs inka software Calculation modules DI Oliver Cencic TU Wien Jeffrey Dean Kelly Toronto INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OF THE SOFTWARE inka software Ing Alfred Kovacs A 1220 Wien Kaposigasse 106 http www inka at RIGHTS OF USE TU Vienna Institute for Water Quality Resources and Waste Management A 1040 Vienna Karlsplatz 13 226 STAN HELP TEXTS i AUTHOR DI Oliver Cencic TU Wien INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS AND RIGHTS OF USE TU Vienna Institute for Water Quality Resources and Waste Management A 1040 Vienna Karlsplatz 13 226 All information published in this html help layout texts images figures and tables etc is protected by copyright All rights reserved Any use of the information prohibited by copyright laws is subj
17. l STAN USER MANUAL VERSION 2 5 ciuem So tware for Substance Flow Analysi iS S l 4 r 4 un 4 Vienna University ot Technology VIENNA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY JULY 2012 Vienna University of Technology Institute for Water Quality Resources and Waste Management A 1040 Wien Karlsplatz 13 226 Tel 43 1 58801 22657 Oliver Cencic Fax 43 1 58801 9 22657 E Mail office iwa tuwien ac at http iwr tuwien ac at Contents General Information e bones STAN 50 5 SUPPOTL Additional Information eeeeee nenne Material Flow Analysis Building MFA Model c cccccccessssscececesceesssssseeeeeceesenseaeees Good versus System of Equations cccccccsssecccecsessesseeeseeeceesesssaeeeeeeeees Data Uncertainty Error Propagation erre e tinte et een Data Reconciliation eee Workspaces Setup of Graphical User Interface GUI Manual Installation Of STAN eese STAN 2 5 Contents e iii iv e Contents 26 Reset nene Sid ie ibt 26 File Management rere 27 28
18. only Last update Name of the MFA document Author Rating Status Model Input docu Input Calculation level 12 12 2011 8 26 Exercise 05 STAN 8 None 0 0 10 29 12 12 2011 8 26 Test STAN 23 Released 33 0 17 33 12 12 2011 8 26 Test2 STAN 0 None 0 0 0 0 Cin Note e You have access to published files of other users and to your own files From the moment a file has been published by an administrator the original file cannot be edited any more You can only open it as a copy STAN 2 5 Manual 29 e To group the listed files by certain fields pull the according column descriptions into the grey grouping area above sort the listed files by certain fields click the according column description e Opened web files can be recognized by 9 on the registers of the drawing area iSAVE FILE TO STAN PORTAL 1 Click ie Notes to save the active STAN file to the web portal e file is only saved if it fulfills the uploading criteria See the displayed messages e grant other users access to your files you have to release them The quality of the file will be checked afterwards and if it is okay the file will be published e ATTENTION Published files cannot be edited any more CHANGE RELEASE STATE OF WEB FILE To grant other users access to your files you have to release them 1 Click 3 to change the release state of your web file 2 Choose
19. subSTance flow ANalysis is a freeware that helps to perform material flow analysis according to the Austrian standard ONorm S 2096 Material flow analysis Application in waste management 5 STAN 25 Bete G2 80 tesi dmi E Example wth Substance Layer lt AM Raw Matenal 32 Semi Products lt PR Products gt PRO Precessing _ WAL Waste f lt fA LTH WA2 Waste 2 lt ul PR Producten MA Manu factonng lt IP Intermediate Proc T Short symbol lt SP Semi Products H ir gt PR Products Name gt WA2 Waste 2 gt Va rpc pore gian 5 zi Inte ten Alternative text for unknown values Neger Geos Fons tid P Remarks Saws n amanan s LIE amp lt erenn 4 descnp nn mus be entered in fe syster properties Colcukstion wes successtel _Layers Coraidered Gut St Stoff After building a graphical model with predefined components processes flows system boundary text fields you can enter or import known data mass flows and stocks volume flows and stocks concentrations transfer coefficients for different layers good substance energy and periods to calculate unknown quantities All flows can be displayed in Sankey style i e the width of a flow is proportional to its value The graphical picture of the model can be printed or exported For data import and export Microsoft Excel is used as an
20. there it is possible to enter literature and remarks Click OK or APPLY 2 New MFA System P1 Process 1 Layer Goods Period 2012 46 e Manual STAN 2 5 Notes e Ifyou want STAN to calculate transfer coefficients in respect to the sum of inputs enter a question mark in one of the cells of the first matrix row e Ifyou hover over a cell of the matrix a tooltip with information about the input and output flows will be displayed j ENTER STOCK CHANGE IN STOCK AND OR CONCENTRATION This is only possible if the process includes a stock 1 Double click a process with stock 2 Select tab STOCK DSTOCK 3 Enter a value in one of the text fields mean value an optional uncertainty 4 Ifyou want use another unit than the displayed one enter it directly after the number e g 100 kg a or click the unit button to choose from predefined units Stock Stock delta Remarks ee u ei 1 Select process with stock 2 Inthe PROPERTY window select tab STOCK DSTOCK 3 Enter a value in one of the text fields mean value an optional uncertainty 4 Ifyou want use another unit than the displayed one enter it directly after the number e g 100 kg a or click the unit button to choose from predefined units STAN 2 5 Manual e 47 P1 Process 1 Layer Period Input values Stock Mass Calculated values Stock Mass
21. you have to use an additional splitting process The result of a MFA is a diagram where every flow and stock should have a value export 1 import 2 eu TO import 1 90 gt 4 The following kind of display is preferred 1 The flow ovals display mass flows 2 Astocks within a process is symbolized by small rectangle It contains data about the amount of stock at the beginning of the considered period of time the change in stock during the period 3 Alegend shows the units of the displayed data 4 The system boundary is labeled with the name of the system and the considered period Additional information about the sum of imports exports stocks and changes in stocks are displayed 8 e Material Flow Analysis STAN 2 5 GOOD VERSUS SUBSTANCE Consider the following example for the layer of goods eee ee ee ee ee eee Flow 1 Process 1 Goods contain substances The shown flows of goods may consist of the following substances Flow 1 mr Flow 2 SE Flow 3 Ep Explanation e g Flow 1 consists of 60 mass units 10 of them can be allocated to the green substance 15 to the red All other substances are displayed white because they are not of interest Within a process substances can be split in a different ratio than the goods they are contained in accumulation elimination If the concentration of a substance in a good is known the mass flows of this substance c
22. 1998 If the periods are renamed afterwards the periods 1998 to 2004 are available with given data in period 2000 If the periods are kept afterwards also the periods 1998 to 2004 are available but the given data remain in period 2002 i SELECT PERIOD Select the period for which you want to enter data or show the results e Onthe INPUT DATA toolbar select a period from the PERIOD drop down list Period 2009 r l UNITS You can add units to the default units for mass volume energy and time Here you find information about the following topics e Define Units e Delete Units e Select Display Unit 34 e Manual STAN 2 5 e Enter Units e Toggle Units between Entered and Display Units in Property Window DEFINE UNITS 1 Onthe EDIT menu click DEFINE UNITS 2 Onthe UNITS tab enter new units for mass volume energy or time and their relation to a given unit Attention The name of the unit is not allowed to contain numbers 3 Click INSERT 4 Press OK or APPLY Edit Units DELETE UNITS 1 Onthe EDIT menu click DEFINE UNITS 2 Onthe UNITS tab click the ROW MARKER left of the unit data set 3 Press DELETE Note e You can only delete self defined units i SELECT DISPLAY UNIT The display units are used when displaying data in the system diagram They are shown within the legend 1 Press CTRL U or select DEFINE UNITS on the EDIT menu 2 Onthe DISPLAY UNITS tab select the desired units 3 Pres
23. 2 Goods 2012 OK Abbrechen e You can delete defined relations by clicking the relation in the list and pressing DEL e If relations between different layers have been defined scaling will be switched of during calculation out of technical reasons PERFORM CALCULATION 1 Fora quick start of the calculation click in the DATA INPUT toolbar or press F5 or 1 set additional calculation options calculation method trace level choose CALCULATION DIALOGUE from EDIT menu or press ALT F5 2 Choose the calculation method Cencic 2012 or Kelly 2011 3 Optional Settings to change parameters of the calculation methods For options refer to OPTIONS CALCULATION MODULE Cencic 2012 and Kelly 2011 4 Optional Choose the trace level none lt errors lt warning lt information lt details of logging 5 Click START 6 After the calculation click CLOSE to display the results in the system diagram 68 e Manual STAN 2 5 r Calculation Calculation method Trace level Error rl Progress Note After the calculation in the TRACE OUTPUT window a list of information warnings and errors is displayed Click any entry in this list to highlight the corresponding object in the system diagram The TRACE OUTPUT window offers the following options LES Show message grid Show text messages Output is dependent on trace level El show Hide Group by box To group the liste
24. HAPE tab 3 From the COLOR drop down list select the desired color 54 e Manual STAN 2 5 Middle segment Offset mm r Alignment Horizontal Info Values Sha CHANGE FLOW LABEL SIZE If not all of the text in a flow label can be seen you have to fit its size 1 Select a flow label 2 Drag and drop one of the green handles on the perimeter of the flow label to the desired position Note e The pointer picture indicates the possible directions of movement i MOVE FLOW LABEL 1 Select a flow label 2 Dragand drop the flow label to its new position ALIGNMENT OF FLOW LABEL AND TEXT 1 Select a flow 2 Onthe PROPERTIES window select the SHAPE tab 3 Fromthe drop down lists in region LABEL select alignment of flow label horizontal vertical and alignment of text in label left center right STAN 2 5 Manual e 55 FLOW OVAL 1 2 Select a flow On the PROPERTIES window select the SHAPE tab On the OVAL pane choose the position first middle last segment or the starting point relative to begin or end of arrow of a movement If you have chosen a starting point for a movement use the slider to manually adjust the position of the oval along the path of the arrow or enter the offset in mm i ALIGNMENT OF FLOW OVAL 1 2 3 Select a flow On the PROPERTIES window select the SHAPE tab From the drop down lists in region OVAL select the alignment of text in
25. OPERTIES Which Object Properties are displayed depend on what object is selected in the Drawing Area or Model Explorer Row 1 Alternative text for unknown values Remarks Info Values 4 gt In this window you can change the properties of the following objects e System Process e Flow e Textfield 22 e Workspaces STAN 2 5 TRACE OUTPUT The Trace Output window is used for displaying information and warnings after calculations and plausibility checks L Peri Element Description Common A description must be entered in the system properties Common Error s occurred during calculation Common Layers Considered Goods cf Perform Calculation STAN 2 5 Workspaces e 23 MANUAL Here you find the manual for STAN 2 5 INSTALLATION OF STAN Here you find information about the following topics e System Requirements e Installing STAN 2 5 e Uninstalling STAN 2 5 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS e Windows XP with SP1 or higher e Microsoft Net Framework 2 0 or higher e Intel Pentium Ill 1GHz with 512 MB RAM or more e 20 MB free disc space INSTALLING STAN 2 5 1 Unzip the downloaded zip file into a directory of your choice 2 Click Setup exe in this folder 3 Follow the instructions Attention To install STAN in C Programs you need administrator rights If you have only restricted rights you have to choose a different installation path that you are allowed
26. RELEASED from the dropdown list 3 Click OK r Edit Rating and Release State Release state Released Rating 23 Note e Aslong as your file has not been published you can reset the release state to NONE Later this can only be done by an administrator DELETE FILE FROM STAN PORTAL 1 Click 9 delete non published web file from the STAN portal or 1 Click to open the dialog window for loading web files 2 Select a non published file and press DEL 3 Click OK to confirm the appearing warning message Note 30 e Manual STAN 2 5 e 5 long as your file has not been published you can delete it from the STAN portal Later this can only be done by an administrator QUERY META INFORMATION FROM STAN PORTAL You can check if your STAN file meets the uploading criteria 1 Click to display meta information of the active file QUERY DOCUMENT INFORMATION 1 Click in the DATA INPUT toolbar to display file information Note e displayed list contains information about quantity number of objects in your model and quality level of model and input documentation input and calculation level of the active STAN file ADD USER DEFINED KEYWORDS 1 On the MODEL EXPLORER window click the name of the system 2 Onthe PROPERTIES window add keywords to the description of your system Name New MFA System Scale unit capita Scale factor 100000 Description Descript
27. STAN DATA RECONCILIATION What is data reconciliation good for Let s look at a few examples Starting point is the following model Import a A Export In process 1 no buildup of a stock is allowed thus following the law of mass conservation the import flow should equal the export flow But that s not the case i e there is a contradiction in given data These kinds of problems can be solved by data reconciliation But there are two necessary conditions 1 The system of equations has to be over determined more independent equations than unknown variables 2 Some ofthe given data have to be normally distributed 12 e Material Flow Analysis STAN 2 5 During data reconciliation the mean values of uncertain data will be altered in a way that contradictions disappear A solution is found when the sum of squares of the necessary chances reaches a minimum method of least squares The variances square of standard deviation of the uncertain quantities are used as weighing factors As additional effect of data reconciliation the uncertainty of the reconciled data is reduced The example system can be described mathematically with one balance equation Because there are no unknown variables present it is a over determined set of equations more independent equations than unknown variables In all following scenarios at least one of the two given flows has an uncertainty The first picture always shows the situation before and the followin
28. an be calculated easily here counting the green or red squares respectively Red substance Flow 1 Process 1 In this example all particles of the red substance of flow 1 are accumulated in flow 2 a raise in concentration Green substance Flow 1 Process 1 Most of the green substances but not all are directed to flow 3 STAN 2 5 Material Flow Analysis e 9 SYSTEM OF EQUATIONS In order to describe the model in a mathematical way 3 types of equations are used 1 Mass conservation e g balance equation sum of inputs sum of outputs change in stock output 1 gt _ process pad oe or e g stock equation stock i stock i 1 change in stock i 1 with i period i e the amount of stock at the beginning of a period can be calculated from the amount of stock in the previous period plus the change in stock during this previous period Linear relations e g transfer coefficient equation output 1 TC1 Sum of inputs output 2 TC2 Sum of inputs with TC1 2 1 output 1 gt process no stock output 2 or e g additional linear relation equation between similar quantities flow x factor flow y Concentration equation mass substance mass good concentration substance 10 Material Flow Analysis STAN 2 5 substance or mass substance volume good concentration substance mass good volume good
29. ar click to toggle Sankey display of flows On the DIAGRAM toolbar use the slider to manually adjust the relative width of the Sankey arrows 56 e Manual STAN 2 5 FORMAT FLOW VALUES 1 On the EXTRAS menu select OPTIONS and click the NUMBER FORMATS tab Choose the desired number format significant digits or decimal places Choose if data uncertainties should be displayed and if yes in or absolute values Choose the desired number format for display of uncertainties in percent Choose if thousands separators should be displayed TIME SERIES OF A FLOW Right click a flow and select SHOW TIME SERIES Flow Type Show Time Series Import Flow Export Flow Delete Flow DOCUMENT FLOW VALUE The documentation of data is an essential point when performing a MFA Because of that each flow value can be documented for each layer and period separately with respect to literature reference and additional notes STAN 2 5 Manual e 57 1 Select a flow 2 Inthe PROPERTY window select tab INFO VALUES 3 Enter anew literature reference under LITERATURE REFERENCE and click on any other text field in the property window afterwards or select an already defined one from the dropdown list If you have entered a new reference you will be asked if you want to create a new reference Choose YES to make this reference available as template in the dropdown list for future documentation work 4 Enter
30. aration or plant e g waste incineration furnace paper mill landfill an activity in an environmental medium e g atmosphere hydrosphere or soil a service e g collection of residual waste Usually processes are defined as black box processes meaning that processes within the box are not taken into account Only the inputs and outputs are of interest If the internal processes are of interest the process must be divided into two or more sub processes The total amount of materials stored in a process is designated as the stock of materials There are two different types of stocks e g the waste in an incineration plant new waste results in an increase of the stock incineration leads to a decrease of the stock e g the building as part of the infrastructure a new building give an increase of the stock the demolition of a building makes a decrease of the stock A flow is defined as a mass flow rate i e the ratio of mass per time that flows through a conductor e g a water pipe The physical unit of flow might be given in units of kg sec or t yr A flux is defined as a flow per cross section In MFA commonly used cross sections are a person 1 m of a the surface area or an entity such as a private household or enterprise The flux might be given in units like kg sec m SYSTEM A system is defined by a group of elements and the interaction between these elements In MFA the elements of a sys
31. cf Select Objects Select Multiple Objects H If you click this symbol you activate the INSERT MODE FOR PROCESSES cf Insert Process If you click this symbol you activate the INSERT MODE FOR SYSTEM BOUNDARIES cf Insert Refresh System Boundary If you click this symbol you activate the INSERT MODE FOR LEGENDS A legend contains information about units of flows and stocks as well as a possible scale basis cf Insert Textfield abc If you click this symbol you activate the INSERT MODE FOR TEXT FIELDS A text field contains arbitrary information cf Insert Textfield If you click this symbol you activate the INSERT MODE FOR IMPORT FLOWS Import flows connect the environment outside of the system boundary with a process inside cf Insert Import or Export Flow If you click this symbol you activate the INSERT MODE FOR EXPORT FLOWS Export flows connect a process inside of the system boundary with the environment outside cf Insert Import or Export Flow p If you click this symbol you activate the INSERT MODE FOR INTERNAL FLOWS Internal flows connect to processes inside of the system boundary cf Insert Internal Flow REGISTER FLOW STYLES You can use the various flow styles e g straight rectangular with a special number of inflection points as an alternative to the INSERT MODE FOR INTERNAL FLOWS STAN 2 5 Workspaces e 21 cf Insert Internal Flow Change Flow Style OBJECT PR
32. ct BEER 240 5 i The given values contain contradictions For a closed balance of process 1 the flow recycling material should be 220 units for a closed balance of process 2 210 units This is a contradiction Data reconciliation can help again to solve the dilemma Through transformation of the given set of equations balance equations of process 1 and 2 one equation can be found that describes the balance equation ofthe subsystem displayed in green in the next picture STAN 2 5 Material Flow Analysis e 15 data reconciliation calculation error propagation This equation contains no unknown variables over determined set of equations Because some of the involved variables are uncertain they can be reconciled The contradiction is resolved and the mean value of recycling material can be calculated Its uncertainty is computed by error propagation 16 Material Flow Analysis STAN 2 5 WORKSPACES Here you find a description of the different workspaces windows SETUP OF GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE GUI The GUI is divided into seven parts windows These windows can be arranged arbitrary SE STAN 25 Sete G2 Ba pe lt AM Raw Matenal lt 59 Sam Products lt gt PR Products gt LALendfil ft Pa PRO Precessing lt WAT Waste 1 lt Te Exc Li PR uebon lt WA2 Waste 2 lt 4 L awe MA Manu factoring lt IP Intermediate Proc A Short sy
33. ct Data Sets e Edit STAN Data e STAN Data Sets to Clipboard e Insert Data Sets from Clipboard into STAN Data Table STAN 2 5 Dialog Windows 87 e Export Data to Excel e Import Data from Excel e Export Data to File e Check Imported Data e Close Data Explorer CALCULATION DIALOG Here you can start the calculation of your MFA model Calculation Calculation method Trace level Error iy Progress e Perform Calculation PRINT PREVIEW DIALOG Optimize the print of the system picture DRAWING AREA by using the PRINT PREVIEW dialog 88 Dialog Windows STAN 2 5 Sz Print Preview Orientation Portrait mm mm 1 Use antialiasing e Print System Diagram EXPORT SYSTEM DIAGRAM DIALOG Here you can save a graph of the system diagram in various formats Sz Export System Diagram Format Pro W3C Portable Network Graphics 84 Bits per Pixel Format24bppRgb v Resolution 150 DPI C Grayscale Antialiasing e Export System Diagram STAN 2 5 Dialog Windows 89 CALCULATION MODULES DIALOG Use this dialog to install new available calculation modules containing several calculation methods Sz Calculation Modules Drag a column header here to group by that column e nstall New Calculation Modules EDIT RELATIONS 1 DIALOG Here you find a list of user defined linear relations
34. ct Text Field e Move Text Field e Delete Text Field e Edit Text Field j INSERT TEXT FIELD abc 1 Onthe SHAPES window click coe field or 2 Onthe DRAWING AREA drag your pointer to draw a text field or click the position where you want to insert a legend text field with predefined size t SELECT TEXT FIELD 1 Onthe SHAPES window click to switch to the edit mode 2 Onthe DRAWING AREA click a text field MOVE TEXT FIELD 1 Select a text field 2 Drag and drop the text field to its new position DELETE TEXT FIELD 1 Select a text field 2 Onthe DIAGRAM toolbar click ll press DELETE STAN 2 5 Manual e 59 j EDIT TEXT FIELD 1 Select a text field 2 Onthe PROPERTIES window enter the desired text 3 Toenter a placeholder for a system variable set the cursor on the inserting position In the PLACEHOLDER drop down list select the desired placeholder and click INSERT Placeholder Name of the MFA System Insert Text with placeholder test MfaNameFlows DATA IMPORT AND EXPORT Here you find information about the following topics e Open Data Explorer Toolbar of Data Explorer e Group Data Sets e Sort Data Sets e Select Data Sets e Edit STAN Data e STAN Data Sets to Clipboard e Insert Data Sets from Clipboard into STAN Data Table e Export Data to Excel e Import Data from Excel e Export Data to File e Check Imported Data
35. ction also includes columns of the data grid that are not displayed e g calculated values INSERT DATA SETS FROM CLIPBOARD INTO STAN DATA TABLE 1 Select the target area rules see SELECT DATA SETS 2 insert the data sets from clipboard into the STAN data table click D or press CTRL V 3 Click OK or APPLY Notes e Only those parts of the data sets of the clipboard will be inserted that fit into the target area e This action also includes columns of the data grid that are not displayed e g calculated values EXPORT DATA TO EXCEL 1 Copy data sets from STAN data table to clipboard 2 Switch to Excel select a cell and press CTRL V to insert the data sets from clipboard into Excel STAN 2 5 Manual e 63 Note e copy action also includes columns of the STAN data table that are not displayed e g calculated values IMPORT DATA FROM EXCEL 1 Inthe Excel table select a block of cells containing data 2 Press CTRL C to copy this data block to the clipboard 3 Inthe STAN data table click the upper left cell of the region where you want to insert the data block 4 Click i or press CTRL V to insert the data block from the clipboard into the STAN data table Note e user has to pay attention to the correct assignment of the data block l e group and sort data sets in STAN and or Excel to give them the same order e If the imported data block contains a mixture of different data types mass
36. culated output data will be displayed in the System diagram e If you see in the SANKEY toolbar entered input data will be displayed in the System diagram v EM e You can toggle between these two states by clicking dala or respectively CHANGE FONT OF OBJECTS 1 Select the objects where you want to change the font STAN 2 5 Manual e 39 2 Choose FONT from the context menu right click or A in the DIAGRAM toolbar 3 Choose the desired settings in the FONT dialogue 4 Confirm by clicking OK CHANGE DIAGRAM FONT 1 Choosing EXTRAS OPTIONS tab COMMON 2 Clickthe m button 3 Choose the desired settings in the FONT dialogue 4 Confirm by clicking OK Note e Inthe appearing warning you can select if these settings should be applied to all existing yes or only to new objects no PROCESSES Here you find information about the following topics nsert Process e Select Process e Move Process e Delete Process e Rename Process e Set Process Caption e Change Process Type e Change Process Color e Toggle Used Anchor Points e Change Process Size e Set Default Process Size e Edit Subsystem e Edit Transfer Coefficients e Enter Stock Change in Stock and or Concentration e Display Process List e Document Stock Values INSERT PROCESS 1 Onthe SHAPES window click 40 e Manual STAN 2 5 2 Onthe DRAWING AREA drag and drop your pointer to draw a p
37. culation procedure includes if possible data reconciliation computation of unknown quantities and calculation of uncertainties using error propagation At the beginning the plausibility of the system is checked and in the end statistical tests are performed to evaluate whether the performed data reconciliation is tolerable or not Here you find information about the following topics e Select Layers for Calculation e Select Periods for Calculation e Exclude Processes from Balancing on Layer of Goods e Enter Additional Linear Relations e Perform Calculation e Change Options of Calculation Module Cencic 2012 e Change Options of calculation Module Kelly 2011 e Toggle Scaling e Changelnitial Values of Unknown Variables e Define Scale Basis e Scale Data e nstall new Calculation Modules SELECT LAYERS FOR CALCULATION Select which of the defined layers shall be considered for calculation 1 On the EDIT menu select LAYERS AND PERIODS 2 On the LAYERS tab in column CALCULATION select which layer shall be considered for calculation 3 Click OK STAN 2 5 Manual e 65 Layers amp Periods SELECT PERIODS FOR CALCULATION Select which of the defined periods shall be considered for calculation 1 On the EDIT menu select LAYERS AND PERIODS 2 Onthe PERIODS tab select the first and the last period of the interval to be considered for calculation 3 Click OK Layers amp Periods 1 Years
38. d considerably QUESTION 4 104 Appendix STAN 2 5 Raw Materials 20 2 t a Wastes 25 2 Recycling Rate 0 70 Production E1515 4 Raw Materials Products Wastes Recycling Material Flows t a Stocks t Figure The mathematical system describing the model is over determined 3 equations 2 balances 1 TC 2 unknowns product recycling material Because of that data reconciliation is possible Raw materials and wastes are reconciled so that the system import equals the system export Additionally their uncertainties are reduced QUESTION 5 Raw Materials 20 2 t a Products 100 4 Recycling Material 90 3 Recycling Rate Production C 10523 4 Raw Materials Products Wastes Recycling Material Flows t a Stocks t Figure The mathematical system describing the model is over determined 3 equations 2 balances 1 TC 2 unknowns products recycling materials Because of that data reconciliation is possible The flows raw materials products and recycling materials are reconciled so that the balance of the process production matches Additionally their uncertainties are reduced Recycling Rate 0 82 0 02 STAN 2 5 Appendix e 105 Doc To Help Standard Template Index e 107
39. d messages by certain fields pull the according column descriptions into the grey grouping area above Clear all messages CHANGE OPTIONS OF CALCULATION MODULE CENCIC 2012 This module was developed by Oliver Cencic It offers the following calculation options 1 Convergence tolerance If the 2 norm of the changes in the variable vector is less than this tolerance the iterative calculation will be stopped Default 1E 10 Zero values tolerance All absolute values less than this tolerance will be considered zero during update of vectors and matrices Observability tolerance Matrix entries absolute smaller than this tolerance will be considered zero during variable classification according to Madron Default 1E 10 Note The old calculation module Cencic 2008 is still included in STAN 2 5 but it is recommended to use Cencic 2012 or Kelly 2011 CHANGE OPTIONS OF CALCULATION MODULE KELLY 2011 This module was developed by Jeffrey Dean Kelly It offers the following calculation options 1 2 3 4 Maximum number of non zeros in any working matrix Multiplier needed for sparse matrix operations Scaling factor Scaling type O none 1 rows only 2 rows and columns default 3 columns only STAN 2 5 Manual e 69 5 Gamma A regularization parameter for B B to increase the numerical stability of the iterative solution especially when solving ill conditioned systems gt B B gamma ly Default
40. d style information 98 e Object Properties STAN 2 5 Remarks vr Rename Flow Manually Rename Flow Automatically REGISTER VALUES STAN 2 5 Object Properties e 99 Flow Values Info Values lt gt e Enter Flow Values and or Concentrations 100 e Object Properties STAN 2 5 Middle segment Offset mm Alignment Horizontal e Change Flow Color e Change Flow Label Size e Alignment of Flow Label and Text e Move Flow Oval e Alignment of Flow Oval TEXT FIELD PROPERTIES You can use text fields to attach additional text to your diagram STAN 2 5 Object Properties 101 Name of the MFA System Text with placeholder test MfaNameFlows e Edit Text Field 102 e Object Properties STAN 2 5 APPENDIX Content EXAMPLE 1 ASSUMPTION Within a region products are created from imported raw materials and recycling materials The products are sold and used within a year A part of it is reused in the production and the rest is exported from the region as wastes Production Raw Materials Products Recycling Material LI Flows t a Stocks t Figure Default System Calculate all flows for the following input data QUESTION 1 Raw Materials 20 t a Recycling Rate 0 70 Production Gp Raw Materials Prod
41. e Close Data Explorer OPEN DATA EXPLORER 1 Onthe EDIT menu click DATA EXPLORER or press CTRL D TOOLBAR OF DATA EXPLORER A Toggle between edit mode display of all digits of values and display of data in diagram formatting no editing possible 60 e Manual STAN 2 5 Ce Toggle between entered input and calculated output data unit Toggle between entered input and display output units w Show hide volume related columns dl Reset table layout E Copy selected rows to clipboard D Insert clipboard content amp Print data table with preview only printing of whole table on standard printer possible GROUP DATA SETS Data sets can be grouped hierarchically by certain fields column headings 1 Pull the column heading you want to group by into the grey grouping area above 2 Ifa grouping hierarchy already exits decide where to insert the column heading 3 Repeat the procedure until you have created the desired hierarchy 4 change the hierarchy pull one of column headings to another position in the grouping area 5 To remove a column heading from the hierarchy pull it to any place in the data sets area STAN 2 5 Manual e 61 5 Data Explorer New MFA System Note e The default setting of the grouping hierarchy is PERIODS gt LAYERS By clicking liz you can restore this setting anytime I SORT DATA SETS 1 To sort data sets by certain fields
42. ect to prior explicit consent by the TU Vienna Institute for Water Quality Resources and Waste Management This applies in particular to the copying processing translation inputting alteration or reproduction of the information in databases or other electronic media and systems 2 e General Information STAN 2 5 SUPPORT STAN HOTLINE DI Oliver Cencic TU Vienna 43 1 58801 22657 oliver cencic tuwien ac at http iwr tuwien ac at ressourcen ADDITIONAL INFORMATION LITERATURE e Baccini P Brunner P H Metabolism of the Anthroposphere 1991 Berlin etc Springer e Baccini P Bader H P Regionaler Stoffhaushalt Erfassung Bewertung und Steuerung 1996 Heidelberg etc Spektrum e Baccini P Brunner P H Metabolism of the Anthroposphere Analysis Evaluation Design 2012 Cambridge Massachusetts MIT Press e Brunner P H Rechberger H Practical Handbook of Material Flow Analysis 2004 Boca Raton USA CRC Press LLC e Cencic O STAN Freeware f r Stoffflussanalysen nach ONorm 52096 in Management komplexer Materialfl sse mittels Simulation State of the Art und innovative Konzepte C Engelhardt Nowitzki O Nowitzki and B Krenn Editors 2007 Deutscher Universitats Verlag Wiesbaden p 9 e Cencic O Rechberger H Material Flow Analysis with Software STAN Journal of Environmental Engineering and Management 2008 18 1 p 5 e Cencic O Rechberger H Material Flow Analysi
43. ens in which all the flows connected to the subsystem already exist Notes e border of a process containing a subsystem is displayed in blue e You cannot delete import and export flows on the subsystem layer This has to be done on the superior layer e subsystem only additional internal flows and processes be used to model the subsystem more detail STAN 2 5 Manual e 45 EDIT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT Transfer coefficients can only be entered if the process is no subsystem and contains no stock 1 or 6 Double click a normal process without stock and subsystem Select a process without stock Right click the process and choose EDIT PROCESS from its context menu or On the EDIT menu select EDIT PROCESS or In the PROPERTY window select the tab TC and click EDIT In the PROCESS dialogue window on the tab TC you see a given matrix where you can enter transfer coefficients with respect to the sum of inputs or single inputs Enter transfer coefficients directly into the fitting cells You can choose between two different ways a number between 0 and 1 e g 0 6 or a percentage number e g 60 To enter data uncertainties of transfer coefficients in form of standard deviation of an assumed normal distribution write directly after the mean value and enter the absolute value of the standard deviation e g 0 60 0 06 or 60 6 Alternatively click the button to open an edit dialogue Only
44. ential point when performing a MFA Because of that each stock change in stock value can be documented for each layer and period separately with respect to literature reference and additional notes 1 Select a process with stock 2 Inthe PROPERTY window select tab INFO VALUES 3 property window afterwards or select an already defined one from the dropdown list 4 Enter REMARKS FLOWS Enter a new literature reference under LITERATURE REFERENCE and click on any other text field in the If you have entered a new reference you will be asked if you want to create a new reference Choose YES to make this reference available as template in the dropdown list for future documentation work Here you find information about the following topics Insert Internal Flow Insert Import or Export Flow Select Flow Connect Flow to Process or Change Anchor Point Change Flow Type Toggle Import and Export Symbols Rename Flow Manually Rename Flow Automatically Set Flow Options Change Flow Course Move Flow Parallel Change Flow Style Delete Flow Change Flow Color Change Flow Label Size Move Flow Label Alignment of Flow Label and Text Move Flow Oval Alignment of Flow Oval STAN 2 5 Manual e 49 e Enter Flow Values and or Concentrations e Toggle Sankey Display of Flows e Format Flow Values e Time Series of a Flow e Document Flow Value INSERT INTERNAL FLOW An internal flow co
45. entity scale basis sum of imports sum of exports Note e How to define the scale factor look at Define Scale Basis 72 e Manual STAN 2 5 INSTALL NEW CALCULATION MODULES 1 Onthe EXTRAS menu click CALCULATION MODULES 2 Click INSTALLNEW MODULES 3 Select the new module and click OPEN 4 Close the window Note e the new calculation module extension dll to the subfolder CalcModules in the STAN directory The existing default calculation module CalcModules dll must not be removed e remove installed modules requires a restart of STAN EXPORT AND PRINT SYSTEM DIAGRAM Here you find information about the following topics e Export System Diagram e Print System Diagram EXPORT SYSTEM DIAGRAM 1 Onthe FILE menu click EXPORT DIAGRAM 2 Select graphical options format color depth resolution greyscaling antialiasing 3 Click SAVE STAN 2 5 Manual e 73 S2 Export System Diagram Format Bits per Pixel Resolution E Grayscale Antialiasing COPY TO CLIPBOARD creates a copy of the drawing area in screenshot quality PRINT SYSTEM DIAGRAM 1 Onthe FILE menu click PRINT or on the STANDARD toolbar click 2 Select print options 3 Click PRINT 74 e Manual STAN 2 5 Manual e 75 sch aus 18 li ili ENE E RII STAN 2 5 DIALOG WINDOWS Content OPTIONS DIALOG With this dialog you can change general applica
46. ess _ 1 1 53 0 n Prozessi PiProzess2 1400057000 140001000 Pa2Prozss2 e Display Process List SELECT FROM FLOW CATALOG DIALOG This dialog offers the opportunity to import flow names short symbols and remarks from a given Excel file As default setting you can choose entries from the European Waste Catalog EWC 92 e Dialog Windows STAN 2 5 Select from flow catalog m 2 Settings Short symbol 11 WASTES FROM CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT 010411 wastes from potash and rock salt processing other than tho 03 03 11 sludges from on site effluent treatment other than those me 05 01 11 wastes from cleaning of fuels with bases 06 03 11 solid salts and solutions containing cyanides 06 11 wastes from the manufacture of inorganic pigments and op 06 1101 calcium based reaction wastes from titanium dioxide produ 06 11 99 wastes not otherwise specified m n4 449 8 4 a Show description e Rename Flow Automatically WEB LOGIN DIALOG This dialog offers the opportunity to login into the STAN platform STAN Plattform Logon Please use the same user name and password as registered on the STAN platform Please select the following link to register a new user account STAN platform http www stan2web net User name Password e Login into STAN Portal LOAD DOCUMENTS FROM STAN PLATFORM
47. f Web File e Delete File from STAN Portal e Query Meta Information from STAN Portal e Query Document Information e Add User Defined Keywords LOGIN INTO STAN PORTAL In order to access the STAN portal directly from STAN you have to be registered on the platform http stan2web net 5 Not Logged in 1 Clic to log in into the STAN Portal 2 Enter you user name and password 28 e Manual STAN 2 5 3 Click OK r STAN Plattform Logon Please use the same user name and password as registered on the STAN platform Please select the following link to register a new user account STAN platform http www stan2web net Note e If log in was successful your user name appears on the login button e Log in is prerequisite to up and down load files to and from the STAN Portal LOAD FILE FROM STAN PORTAL 1 Click to open the dialog window for loading web files 2 A list of your own web files will be displayed If you want to additionally display published files from other users untick SHOW OWN DOCUMENTS ONLY 3 Enter a search term into the search field an click 2 m refresh the view A list of files will be displayed that contain the search term in its file name keywords names of used periods and layers or system description 4 Choose a file by double clicking or select a file and click OK n Load documents from STAN platform 2 P 4 V Show own documents
48. flow label horizontal or vertical ENTER FLOW VALUES AND OR CONCENTRATIONS 1 Select a flow 2 Onthe PROPERTIES window select the VALUES tab 3 Enter flow values and or concentrations only possible with substances and if known their uncertainties 4 Ifyou want use another unit than the displayed one type it directly after the number e g 100 kg a or click the unit button to choose from predefined units 5 On the layer of goods you can enter optionally mass flow volume flow and or density 6 Onthe layer of substances you can enter optionally mass flow and or concentration mass substance per mass or volume good respectively 7 Onthe layer of energy you can enter optionally energy flow and or concentration energy per mass or volume good respectively 8 Notes e f you want to consider data uncertainties you can enter the range of uncertainty in form of the standard deviation in the data field right of the sign The data set will be interpreted as mean value and standard deviation of an assumed normal distribution e Uncertainties can also be entered in percent if a mean value is already given e g 1096 The entry will be automatically transformed into an absolute value By default entered data will be displayed optionally with a maximum of 2 digits after the comma l e if the TOGGLE SANKEY DISPLAY OF FLOWS number has more than two digits after the comma it will be displayed rounded On the DIAGRAM toolb
49. g picture the situation after data reconciliation Afterwards you find a short explanation Import Export Import Export The export flow has been changed because it is the only flow with an uncertainty Import Export The mean values of import and export have been changed to the same extent 5 because both of them had the same absolute uncertainty given Additional the uncertainties of the results have been reduced STAN 2 5 Material Flow Analysis e 13 Import The export flow has been changed stronger because it had the bigger absolute uncertainty nn eo 11080 A E Export Import Export The mean values of import and export have been changed to the same extent because both of them had the same absolute uncertainty given However the import flow contained a gross error One zero too much had been entered To find these kinds of errors STAN performs a statistical test to check if the necessary changes can be explained by random errors You can think of it in the following way if the reconciled value lies inside of the 95 confidence interval mean value 2 standard deviation the data reconciliation will be accepted as correct Otherwise it will be rejected an STAN displays a warning 14 Material Flow Analysis STAN 2 5 0 0 density T 0020 0 015 0010 0 005 produ
50. ion of system Keywords A LAYERS Additional to the always existing layer of goods it is possible to create various layers of substances and one layer of energy Here you find information about the following topics e Define Substances e Delete Substances e Create New Layer e Delete Layer STAN 2 5 Manual e 31 e Select Layer i DEFINE SUBSTANCES A selection of predefined substances from the table of elements and energy is available You can customize this selection with your own entries 1 Onthe EDIT menu click DEFINE MATERIAL 2 Enter Code and Name of the new material 3 Click OK or APPLY Define Material Actinium Silver Aluminium sss Arsenic ne _ Boron DZ M v EREEEE Er f DELETE SUBSTANCES 1 Onthe EDIT menu click DEFINE MATERIAL 2 Click the row marker left of the substance data set 3 Press DELETE j CREATE NEW LAYER Choose which substances you want to consider in your substance flow analysis 1 Onthe EDIT menu click LAYERS AND PERIODS 2 Onthe LAYERS tab click the empty field under the column heading SHORT SYMBOL 3 Choose a material from the drop down list 4 Click OK or APPLY 32 e Manual STAN 2 5 Layers amp Periods DELETE LAYERS 1 Onthe EDIT menu click LAYERS AND PERIODS 2 Onthe LAYERS tab click the row marker left of the layer data set 3 Press DELETE 4 Click OK to co
51. ionally enter an alternative text that shall be displayed inside of the flow oval if no value is given Notes e default the short symbol of a flow will be displayed inside of the flow oval if the value is unknown e alternative text will be used if the option under EXTRAS OPTIONS PROCESSES amp FLOWS is activated _ RENAME FLOW AUTOMATICALLY 1 Select a flow 2 Onthe PROPERTIES window select the FLOW tab 3 Clickthe button next to the text field for short symbol 4 Inthe FLOW CATALOG window select an Excel file catalog that contains the flow names short symbols and remarks of often used flows 5 Click SETTINGS to select which worksheet of the Excel file contains the data how many data sets are available e g 2000 and in which row the first one can be found Define also which column e g A contains short symbol name and description Confirm with OK 6 Enter a search term in text field SEARCH Select a filter all fields short symbol name description from the drop down menu next to it All fitting data sets will be listed that contain the search term 52 e Manual STAN 2 5 7 Select a data set by double clicking or select it and click OK SET FLOW OPTIONS 1 Onthe EXTRAS menu select OPTIONS and click the PROCESSES amp FLOWS tab 2 The following settings can be made under FLOWS e of flow label caption short symbol and or name default name e Use alternative te
52. irable or possible e g use of subgood layers gt scaling is switched off automatically it can be switched off manually 1 Onthe EXTRAS menu select OPTIONS and then tab CALCULATION 2 Set Delete the tick under ENABLE SCALING 70 e Manual STAN 2 5 _CHANGE INITIAL VALUE OF UNKNOWN VARIABLES To iteratively solve non linear equation systems it is necessary to assign initial values to unknown variables In STAN this procedure is performed automatically with the assistance of a random number generator In some problems the choice of random numbers influences the results what is not desirable Because of that STAN offers the possibility to change the start value of the random numbers generator thus generating a different set of random numbers If the calculation with different start values delivers the same results the problem can be considered stable 1 Onthe EXTRAS menu select OPTIONS and then tab CALCULATION 2 Enter a value between and 999 as START VALUE FOR GENERATION OF RANDOM NUMBERS DEFINE SCALE BASIS 1 Onthe MODEL EXPLORER window click the name of the system 2 Onthe PROPERTIES window enter scale unit e g capita and scale factor e g 100 000 meaning the entered data refer to 100 000 inhabitants STAN 2 5 Manual e 71 Note e How to apply the scale factor look at Scale Data SCALE DATA 1 Onthe EXTRAS menu select OPTIONS and click the NUMBER FORMATS tab 2 Onthe SCALE pane select the reference
53. le to count only partial input for the calculation of transfer coefficients e g to calculate the efficiency of oxidation within a waste incineration plant we only count the C in the waste not the C in the air BUILDING A MFA MODEL A typical MFA model looks like this l export1 impor2 ET process 2 ee export 2 gt It consists of the following components 1 System Boundary You have to define in space and time which data you want to consider The spatial system boundary could be e g the logistical border of acompany or the spatial border of a region the system boundary in time e g one balance sheet year 2 Processes For a model only those processes are interesting that are located within the system boundary They will be balances using the law of mass conservation Of course there also exist processes outside of the system boundary displayed light grey in the diagram above but they are not taken into account Processes might contain stocks or subsystems that can be described by an extra model STAN 2 5 Material Flow Analysis 7 3 Flows We distinguish between internal flows they connect processes within the system and flows that cross the system boundary They are called import or export flows respectively Not allowed are 1 Processes that are situated on the system boundary They have to be either inside or outside of the system boundary 2 Flows that split If you want to model such behavior
54. ll e When you click and drag the title bar of a window the window will start to float If you drag the window over one of the others different docking positions will be offered Choose one of them race Output x T L P El Description e f you double click the title bar of a floating window it will be locked again on it s previous position HIDING OF WINDOWS e You can close windows by clicking the x in the title bar e g to get a bigger Drawing Area They can be reopened by choosing View from the menu bar e If you click the pin in the title bar of a docked window you can activate deactivate the auto hide modus If it is active the window is hidden and instead of it you see a tab near the border of your screen When the mouse pointer hovers over this tab the window will be opened and kept open as long as the mouse pointer hovers over it MODEL EXPLORER The Model Explorer shows the hierarchical structure of your model Within the Model Explorer you can select processes and flows These selected elements can be edited or deleted 18 e Workspaces STAN 2 5 RM Raw Material lt SP Semi Products lt t gt PR Products gt LA Landfill b lt WA1 Waste 1 lt Do L WA2 Waste 2 lt MA Manufactoring lt Intermediate Products lt lt gt SP Semi Products lt gt PR Products gt i gt WA2 Waste 2 gt H AS Assemby E PR Production PRO Proce
55. mbol lt 5P Semi Products lt Ir gt PR Products gt gt WA2 Waste 2 gt Intermediate Products Atarnative text for unknown values Remarks auwanann ee Shapes Flow Styles 1 k LI Li 2 descnp on must be ertered in sysler properties wes successi _Layers Considered Gut S Stof j LIST OF WINDOWS AND THEIR FUNCTIONS 1 Menu Through the menu you can reach dialogs for editing and controlling the functions of your system 2 Toolbar The tools in the various toolbars contain the most frequently used functions 3 Model Explorer The Model Explorer shows the hierarchical structure of your system processes flows subsystems 4 Shapes The shapes in the shapes window can be used for building and editing your MFA model You can choose from various shapes as building blocks of your model 5 Drawing Area The Drawing Area is the place where you construct your model with given shapes 6 Properties The content of the Properties window depends on what shape you have selected in the Drawing Area Here you can change all the properties of the selected shape STAN 2 5 Workspaces e 17 7 Trace Output Here you can find messages and warnings that appear during calculation POSITIONING OF WINDOWS e Onthe first start of STAN the windows are arranged in a way that they do not overlap The borders between the working areas can be arranged at wi
56. nfirm the warning SELECT LAYER Select the layer for which you want to enter data or show the results e OntheINPUT DATA toolbar select a layer from the LAYER drop down list PERIODS Here you find information about the following topics e Edit Periods e Select Periods t EDIT PERIODS 1 Onthe EDIT menu click LAYERS AND PERIODS 2 Onthe PERIODS tab enter the period duration number of periods and starting point of periods 3 Click OK or APPLY 4 Click OK to confirm the warning STAN 2 5 Manual e 33 Layers amp Periods Period duration Number of periods Start of 1st period Notes e For each new MFA document the default period is the current year Ifa record of periods shall be considered those periods must have the same duration e g one year and they must be attached to each other e g 2000 2005 e If only the duration of the periods or the starting point of the first period is changed i e the number of period remains the same a warning appears where the user can decide if the periods shall be kept or renamed If KEEP is chosen only those data will be kept that have a fitting period in the new interval e Data in given periods will only be kept if the period duration remains the same and the respective period does exist in the new periods record e Example The periods 2000 to 2006 have been defined Data for period 2002 is given The starting point for the first period is changed to
57. nnects two processes inside of the system boundary 1 On the SHAPES window select the SHAPES tab and click or select the FLOW TYPES tab click the desired CONNECTION TYPE symbol 2 Drag and drop the pointer from the starting point to the end point of the flow 3 Alternatively click the Drawing Area to insert a flow with predefined size Notes e fthe mouse pointer hovers over or narrow to a process during setting the start or end point the flow will be automatically connected to the next free anchor point grid point on the border of a process of the process e An internal flow that is not connected correctly with two processes will be displayed with a dashed line e Ifan internal flow is connected to only one process it will be considered as an import or export flow during calculation INSERT IMPORT OR EXPORT FLOW Import and export flows represent flows that connect a system with its surrounding area They cross the system boundary and are connected to a process within the system boundary The surrounding area is displayed as a circle labeled with I or E 1 Onthe SHAPES window select the SHAPES tab and click import flow or O export flow 2 Drag and drop the pointer from the starting point to the end point of the flow 3 Alternatively click the DRAWING AREA to insert a flow with predefined size Notes e fthe mouse pointer hovers over or narrow to a process during setting the start with export flows or end poi
58. nt with import flows the flow will be automatically connected to the next free anchor point grid point on the border of a process of the process e An import or export flow that is not connected correctly to one process will be displayed with a dashed line SELECT FLOW 1 Onthe SHAPES window click to switch to the edit mode 2 Onthe DRAWING AREA click a flow 50 e Manual STAN 2 5 CONNECT FLOW TO PROCESS OR CHANGE ANCHOR POINT 1 Select a flow 2 Drag the start or end point of the flow small green square with sign close to a free potential anchor point of a process Notes e Theflow will be automatically connected to the process by auto snap e Potential anchor point can be found on the border of a process next to grid points i CHANGE FLOW TYPE 1 Rightclick a flow 2 Fromthe shortcut menu select the fitting flow type by setting or deleting a tick Flow Type Show Time Series Import Flow Export Flow Delete Flow Font Note e fthere is no tick visible in front of IMPORT or EXPORT FLOW the flow is considered an internal flow TOGGLE IMPORT AND EXPORT SYMBOLS 1 Onthe EXTRAS menu select OPTIONS and click the PROCESSES amp FLOWS tab 2 UnderFLOWS toggle SHOW IE SHAPES FOR IMPORT AND EXPORT FLOWS STAN 2 5 Manual e 51 RENAME FLOW MANUALLY 1 Select a flow 2 On the PROPERTIES window select the FLOW tab 3 Enter short symbol name and remarks 4 Opt
59. ou insert objects you can whether you want to adjust them automatically to the grid or not e Onthe DIAGRAM toolbar activate deactivate E SET ZOOM FACTOR 100 e Onthe DIAGRAM toolbar click and choose the zoom factor from the drop down list e Onthe DIAGRAM toolbar click Er CTRL F12 to zoom into the diagram step by step e Onthe DIAGRAM toolbar click or CTRL F11 to zoom out of the diagram step by step e Onthe Diagram toolbar click mda e PressCTRL Z Note e You can only undo the shifting and resizing of objects on the Drawing Area e Onthe Diagram toolbar click dim e Press Y STAN 2 5 Manual e 37 Note e You can only redo the shifting and resizing of objects on the Drawing Area CHANGE SIZE OF DRAWING AREA e Select an object and drag it over the system boundary The size of the Drawing Area will be adjusted dynamically e Move the handle at the end of the rulers of the DRAWING AREA x INSERT OBJECT 1 Onthe SHAPES window click an object symbol process flow text field system boundary 2 Onthe DRAWING AREA click the position where you want to insert the object with a predefined size Note e After inserting an object the edit mode is activated Press SPACE to reactivate the last object inserting mode SELECT OBJECT 1 Onthe SHAPES window click to switch to the edit mode 2 Onthe DRAWING AREA click an object j SELECT MULTIPLE OBJECTS 1 Onthe SHAPES
60. r name and short symbol of a process and define if it contains a stock Alternatives e Rename Process e Change Process Type REGISTER REMARKS Here you can enter general process information for the active layer and period REGISTER TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS Attention this register tab is only visible for processes without stocks In a process without stock transfer coefficients can be managed 84 e Dialog Windows STAN 2 5 F1 Flow 1 gt F3 Flow 3 e Enter Transfer Coefficient REGISTER STOCK DSTOCK Attention this register is only visible for processes with stock Here you can manage stocks and change in stocks STAN 2 5 Dialog Windows e 85 Sz New MFA System P1 Process 1 e Enter Stock Change in Stock and or Concentration FLOW GRAPH DIALOG The values of a single selected flow can be displayed as a time series for the active layer Flow value t a 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 Period e Time Series of a Flow 86 Dialog Windows STAN 2 5 EDIT MFA DATA DIALOG Here you can display and enter input data flow values transfer coefficients stocks change in stocks concentrations with relation to masses NO volumes This is an alternative to entering data via the PROPERTY Window Additional data can be imported and exported 5 Data Explorer New MFA System ra e Open Data Explorer e Toolbar of Data Explorer e Group Data Sets e Sort Data Sets e Sele
61. release state r Edit Rating and Release State Release state Released 14 Rating 3 H Rating suggestion e Change Release State of Web File STAN 2 5 Dialog Windows e 95 OBJECT PROPERTIES Content SYSTEM PROPERTIES A system is the sum of all processes and flows of interest Name New MFA System Scale unit capita Scale factor 100000 Description Description of system Keywords A MFA System e Rename System e Define Scale Basis PROCESS PROPERTIES A process can be defined with or without stock or as a subsystem REGISTER PROCESS Here you can enter general information for a process STAN 2 5 Object Properties e 97 Balancing balcance and TC equations Remarks e Rename Process e Change Process Type e Exclude Processes from Balancing on Layer of Goods e Edit Subsystem REGISTER SHAPE Here you can change the color of a process shape e Change Process Color REGISTER TC Here you can manage transfer coefficient data Attention this register tab is only visible for processes without stocks that contain no subsystem e Enter Transfer Coefficient REGISTER STOCK DSTOCK Here you can manage stocks and change in stocks Attention this register is only visible for processes with stock e Stock Change in Stock and or Concentration FLOW PROPERTIES The flow properties comprise general data values an
62. rocess or click the position where you want to insert a process with predefined size SELECT PROCESS 1 Onthe SHAPES window click to switch to the edit mode 2 Onthe DRAWING AREA click a process i MOVE PROCESS 1 Select a process 2 Drag and drop the process to its new position DELETE PROCESS 1 Select a process 2 Onthe DIAGRAM toolbar click d press DELETE RENAME PROCESS 1 Select a process 2 Onthe PROPERTIES window select the PROCESS tab 3 Enter short symbol name and remarks general information about the process 7 Sub system Short symbol P1 Name Process 1 Balancing balcance and TC equations Remarks SET PROCESS CAPTION 1 Onthe EXTRAS menu select OPTIONS and click the PROCESSES amp FLOWS tab STAN 2 5 Manual e 41 2 Onthe PROCESS pane select the type of process label caption short symbol and or name 3 Process List HN SD CHANGE PROCESS TYPE You can define a process with stock without stock or as subsystem 1 Select a process 2 Onthe PROPERTY window select the PROCESS tab 3 Set or delete a tick in the desired checkbox subsystem stock TCs 42 e Manual STAN 2 5 Balancing balcance and TC equations Remarks Note e Itis possible to create up to six hierarchical subsystem layers e Ifa subsystem or a process with stock is reset to a normal process by taking away the tick data and objects that are of no use
63. s OK or APPLY STAN 2 5 Manual e 35 Edit Units Note e Itis possible to choose different display units for each layer goods substances energy ENTER UNITS e f you need units other than those displayed use the keyboard to enter them directly after the values The display unit is always offered as default unit e Alternatively press the unit button and select from the offered units Input values Mass flow 1000kg a t a TOGGLE UNITS BETWEEN ENTERED AND DISPLAY UNITS IN PROPERTY WINDOW Within the PROPERTIES window data can either be displayed in entered units or display units ra e Ifyou see E in the INPUT DATA toolbar entered input units are displayed within the PROPERTY window e If you see um in the INPUT DATA toolbar display output units are displayed within the PROPERTY window EA e You can toggle between these two states by clicking n or ry respectively GRAPHICAL AIDS Here you find information about the following topics e Toggle Grid e Snap to Grid e Set Zoom Factor 36 Manual STAN 2 5 e Undo e Redo e Change Size of Drawing Area Insert Object e Select Object e Select Multiple Objects e Move Objects e Copy Objects e Delete Objects e Toggle between Entered and Calculated Data in System Diagram e Change Font of Selected Objects e Change Diagram Font TOGGLE GRID e Onthe DIAGRAM toolbar activate deactivate 7 t SNAP TO GRID When y
64. s with Software STAN Conference Proceedings Enviroinfo 2008 L neburg e Kelly J D On Finding the Matrix Projection in the Data Reconciliation Solution Comp Chem Eng 22 1553 19982 Kelly J D A Regularization Approach to the Reconciliation of Constrained Data Sets Comp Chem Eng 22 1771 1998b e Kelly J D Reconciliation of Process Data Using Other Projection Matrices Comp Chem Eng 23 785 1999 e Kelly J D Formulating Large Scale Quantity Quality Bilinear Data Reconciliation Problems Comp Chem Eng 28 357 20043 Kelly J D Techniques for Solving Industrial Nonlinear Data Reconciliation Problems Comp Chem Eng 28 2837 2004b e Narasimhan S Jordache C Data Reconciliation amp Gross Error Detection An Intelligent Use of Process Data Data Reconciliation and Gross Error Detection 2000 Houston Tex Gulf Publishing e F Process Plant Performance Measurement and Data Processing for Optimization and Retrofits 1992 Chichester West Sussex England Ellis Horwood Limited Co STAN 2 5 General Information 3 LECTURE NOTES IN GERMAN e 225 023 VU Urbaner Stoffhaushalt e 225 035 VU Ressourcenmanagement e 226 013 VO Modellbildung und Simulation 4 e General Information STAN 2 5 MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSIS Here you find a short introduction into Material Flow Analysis MFA TERMS Here you find information about e Substance e Good e Material
65. ssing NAVIGATION WITHIN THE MODEL EXPLORER Within the Model Explorer processes are displayed as nodes Ifthere is a in front ofthe process you can click it to show the flows going in gt and out lt of the process If the process is defined as a subsystem you can also see the processes within If you select an object in the Model Explorer it will be also be selected in the Drawing Area and in the Property window you can see its properties and values ACTIONS WITHIN THE MODEL EXPLORER If you right click an element within the Model Explorer possible actions will be displayed DRAWING AREA With the Graphical Editor you can easily build and edit a MFA model on the Drawing Area STAN 2 5 Workspaces e 19 NALE m Sum impor 1 20225ta Treatment Company XY 2006 cf Manual SHAPES Intermediate 30 21 2 3129 M 3 me 5 Sum dStock 2801 va Sum Export 921 3l a Pre fabricated Parts external factoring Products Products Legend Good Flows Va Stocks The Shapes window shows all available elements for building a MFA model You can also switch to the selection or edit mode and change the style of flows Stock i astach t a REGISTER SHAPES 20 e Workspaces STAN 2 5 If you click this symbol you activate the SELECTION MODE Now you can select objects on the Drawing Area in order to change their properties in the Properties window
66. tem are named processes and flows A system might be an enterprise e g waste incineration plant a region a nation or a private household In an MFA system every good is clearly identified through an original process and a target process SYSTEM BOUNDARY The system boundaries are defined in time and space temporal and spatial system boundaries Commonly applied temporal boundaries for anthropogenic systems such as an enterprise a city or a nation periods of 1 year are chosen for reasons of data availability The spatial system boundary is usually fixed by the geographical area in which the processes are located Flows into a system are called imports flows leaving a system are exports 6 e Material Flow Analysis STAN 2 5 MATERIAL FLOW ANALYSIS MFA Material Flow Analysis is a systematic assessment of the flows and stocks of materials goods and substances within a system defined in space and time It connects the sources the pathways and the intermediate and final sinks of a material If substances are considered we can also call it Substance Flow Analysis i TRANSFER COEFFICIENT TC The transfer coefficient TCx j describes the partitioning of a material good or substance x within a process and it s transfer into a specific output flow j The sum of the transfer coefficients to all output flows must be 1 considering that transfers into the stocks are also counted as outputs Depending on the problem it is possib
67. tion settings FOR ALL REGISTERS e Restore Default Settings e Setting Language of GUI e Toggle Units between Entered and Display Units in Property Window e Toggle between Entered and Calculated Data in System Diagram e Change Diagram Font STAN 2 5 Dialog Windows e 77 e Set Flow Options e Toggle Sankey Display of Flows e Set Process Caption e Toggle Anchor Points 78 Dialog Windows STAN 2 5 e Format Flow Values e Define Scale Basis e Scale Data STAN 2 5 Dialog Windows e 79 e Toggle Scaling e Change Initial Values of Unknown Variables 80 e Dialog Windows STAN 2 5 e Toggle Grid e Snap to Grid Set Default Process Size Note Settings on register DEFAULTS GRID pane influence only new MFA documents while settings in region PROCESS influence only new inserted processes EDIT UNITS DIALOG In this dialog you can define units for time mass energy or volume and choose the display units t REGISTER UNITS Here you can see already existing unit definitions If necessary new ones can be defined STAN 2 5 Dialog Windows e 81 Edit Units e Define Units e Delete Units j REGISTER DISPLAY UNITS All entered or calculated values will be displayed in one unit display unit within the system diagram Because you can enter data with arbitrary units you have to decide which unit you want to choose
68. to write to j UNINSTALLING STAN 2 5 1 Click Start and then click Control Panel 2 Click Add or Remove Programs 3 Choose STAN 2 5 and then click remove 1 Restart the setup program 2 Choose delete STAN 2 5 START i STARTING STAN e On the desktop click STAN 2 0 or e Choose START PROGRAMS INKASOFTWARE STAN 2 5 STAN 2 5 Note STAN 2 5 Manual e 25 e Ifyou want to start STAN 2 5 according to your operating system in 32 bit or 64 bit mode click STAN EXE in the installation folder e Ifyou want to start STAN 2 5 independently of your operating system always in 32 bit mode click STAN32 EXE in the installation folder e Only in 32 bit mode old STAN files with extension mfa und xmfa can be opened LANGUAGE SETTING LANGUAGE OF GUI 1 Onthe EXTRAS menu select OPTIONS and click the COMMON tab 2 Under LANGUAGE select the desired language from the drop down menu 3 Click O K Note e You can choose between system setting German and English e default setting is system setting i e if the language of your operating system is German STAN will also start with a German user interface In all other cases the user interface will be in English e Due to technical reasons the changes require a new restart of STAN RESET j RESTORE DEFAULT SETTINGS STAN can be reset into its post installation state 26 Manual STAN 2 5 1 Choose EXTRAS OPTIONS tab COMMON 2
69. ucts Recycling Material U Flows t a Stocks t STAN 2 5 Appendix e 103 Figure All unknown flows can be calculated Because there is no stock within the system the waste export must be the same size as the raw material import QUESTION 2 Raw Materials 20 2 t a Recycling Rate 0 70 Products Production Raw Materials Wastes Recycling Material a eee eee gt gt eee mn an m ee gt a a gt gt f Flows t a Stocks t Figure All unknown flows can be calculated The uncertainty of the raw materials import influences all of the unknown flows All flows have the same relative uncertainty 10 QUESTION 3 Raw Materials 20 2 t a Recycling Rate 0 70 0 07 iu Products Production Raw Materials Wastes Recycling Material gt mo m mon m m mm m m gt m m m m m m m m m m m m mm m m ee ee gt gt f Flows t a Stocks t Figure All unknown flows can be calculated Because the mathematical system is nonlinear uncertain flow uncertain transfer coefficient the uncertainty of the products and recycling materials flow is raise
70. window click to switch to the edit mode 2 Onthe DRAWING AREA click an object 3 Hold CTRL while clicking other objects 38 Manual STAN 2 5 or 1 Onthe SHAPES window click to switch to the edit mode 2 Onthe DRAWING AREA drag and drop the pointer to draw a frame All objects lying within or cut by the frame are selected i MOVE OBJECTS 1 Select objects 2 Drag and drop one of the selected rectangular objects to its new position COPY OBJECTS 1 Select the objects you want to copy 2 Press CTRL C or choose COPY in menu EDIT to copy objects 3 Press CTRL V or choose PASTE in menu EDIT to paste objects 4 Drag copied objects to the desired position Note e fcopied objects are inserted into a different STAN file data will only be considered if fitting periods and layers exist Already existing names and short symbols will be assigned an index DELETE OBJECTS 1 Select an object 2 Onthe DIAGRAM toolbar click Ib press DELETE or choose DELETE in the context menu right click of the object 3 Confirm the warning Note Inthe appearing warning message you can select that these kind of warnings shall not be displayed any more in the future This can only be undone when the application is reset to default settings TOGGLE BETWEEN ENTERED AN CALCULATED DATA IN SYSTEM DIAGRAM In the System Diagram either entered or calculated data can be displayed e Ifyou see dala in the SANKEY toolbar cal
71. xt for unknown values default short symbol e Activate Sankey display of flows This can also be done by clicking in the SANKEY toolbar Show shapes I E for import and export flows e Hide flows with mean value zero s 6 D E 1 Select a flow 2 Drag and drop one of the appearing green handles of the flow to the desired position STAN 2 5 Manual e 53 Note pointer picture indicates the possible directions of movement MOVE FLOW PARALLEL Precondition flow must be detached from processes 1 Select a flow 2 Internal flows Drag the oval to its new position 3 Import or export flows Drag the l or E shape to its new position CHANGE FLOW STYLE You can choose from flow styles with different features e g orthogonality number of inflection points 1 Rightclick a flow 2 From the shortcut menu select Flow Styles Choose one of the offered flow styles or 1 Select a flow 2 Onthe SHAPES window select the FLOW TYPES tab 3 Right click the desired CONNECTION TYPE symbol and select APPLY FLOW STYLE Notes e This function is also available for multiple selections of flows e offered flow styles have to be considered symbolically A horizontal part can either go left or right a vertical part either up or down DELETE FLOW 1 Select a flow 2 Onthe DIAGRAM toolbar click press DELETE CHANGE FLOW COLOR 1 Select a flow 2 Onthe PROPERTIES window select the S

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