VisualDSP++ 2.0 User's Guide for ADSP
Contents
1. Sometimes called an execution trace or a program trace provides a history of program execution Trace results show how the program arrived at a certain point and show program reads writes and memory fetches VDK The VisualDSP Kernel VDK is a software executive between DSP algorithms peripherals and control logic Refer to the VisualDSP Kernel VDK User s Guide for details VisualDSP An Integrated Development and Debugging Environment IDDE for Analog Devices DSP development tools Watchpoints For simulation only Similar to breakpoints watchpoints stop program execution Watchpoints however allow you to set up conditions such as a memory read or stack pop Unlike breakpoints watchpoints are not attached to a specific address The program halts when a watchpoint s conditions are met Workspace You can open multiple windows and place them anywhere you want After you open and arrange your windows you can save the layout configuration as a workspace setting which you can recall load at a later time Each debug session s default workspace is automatically saved when you close the debug session and is automatically restored when you load that session VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs A 10 Reference Information C Run Time Libraries Note You must run VisualDSP to use the C run time libraries VisualDSP does not support C The C and C run time libraries2. files A Tcl scripting language file used to script work Previous releases only replaced by DOJ The output of the assembler An optional file output by the assembler Previous releases only replaced by LDF Previous releases only replaced by LDF This ASCII text file contains command line input for the linker Used in previous releases replaced by DXE Enables VDK support A 13 Keyboard Shortcuts Keyboard Shortcuts VisualDSP includes keyboard shortcuts also called shortcut keys for the operations that you use most often These keyboard shortcuts appear in the tables below You can also run commands by Choosing a command from a drop down menu on the menu bar Clicking a toolbar button Right clicking from a particular context such as from the Project window Clicking a configured user tool Al Clicking a button within a dialog box Running a Tcl script from the File menu or Output window Choosing a command from the application s control menu Working with Files Use the following keyboard shortcuts when working with files Go to the previous window Shift F6 VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs Reference Information Moving within a File Use the following keyboard shortcuts to move within a file Move the cursor to the left one character Left Arrow Move the cursor to the right one character Right Arrow Move the cursor to the beginning of th
3. Use this parameter to automate regression tests You can also manipulate VisualDSP by running a Tcl script from a library of common Tcl commands that you create If an error is encountered while executing this script VisualDSP automatically exits 5 session_name Specifies the session to which VisualDSP connects when it starts The session must already exist This parameter is useful when you are debugging more than one target board Having multiple shortcuts to idde exe allows you to run a different session This overrides VisualDSP s default behavior of always connecting to the last session pP project mane Specifies the project to load at startup The project must already exist Examples Tdde exe f CEVVsecripes MysScrirpl tcl idde exe s My 21160 JITAG Emulator Session idde exe p c projects myproject dpj VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs A 21 Toolbar Buttons Toolbar Buttons The toolbar which comprises separate toolbars provides quick mouse access to commands The toolbar is a Windows docking bar You can move it to different areas of the screen by dragging it to the selected location The following table describes the toolbar buttons Creates a new document Opens an existing document Saves the active document or template with the same name Prints the active document Loads a program into the target Reloads the most recent program into the target Cuts s
4. system on which you wish to focus VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs Reference Information Processor An individual chip contained on a specific platform within a target When you create the executable file the processor is specified in the Linker Description File LDF and other source files Project This term refers to the collection of source files and tool configurations used to create a DSP program Through a project you can add source files define dependencies and specify build options related to producing your output executable program A project file DPJ stores your program s build information VisualDSP enables you to manage projects from start to finish in an integrated user interface Within the context of a DSP project you define project and tool configurations specify project wide and individual file options for debug or release modes of project builds and create source files VisualDSP facilitates easy movement among editing building and debugging activities Project configuration This includes all of the settings options for the tools used to build a project Project file tree display See Project window Project window This window displays your project s files in a tree view which can include folders to organize your project files Right clicking on an icon the project itself a folder or a file opens a menu providing actions you can perform on
5. the exact number is matched Regular expression matching provides much more flexibility and power than a normal search A regular expression can be a simple string which yields the same matches as normal searches Some characters in a regular expression string however have special interpretations which provide greater flexibility For example with regular expression matching you can find the following e All occurrences of either hot or cold e Occurrences of for followed by a left parenthesis with any number of intervening spaces e A semicolon only when it is the last character on a line e The string ADSP followed by a sequence of digits You can use a regular expression as the search pattern for replacement In that case there are ways to identify and recover the variable portions of the matched strings VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs A 27 Text Operations Specific Special Characters Regular expressions assign special meaning to the following characters Note If you need to match on one of these characters you must escape it by preceding it with a backslash Thus matches the character yet matches the beginning of the line Race ite 5 Pssst Ppt tins A bracketed sequence of characters matches one character which may be any of the characters inside the brackets Thus abc matches an a b orc This shorthand form is valid within the sequence brackets It specifies a range o
6. 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs A 5 Glossary Makefile VisualDSP can export a makefile make rule file based on your project options Use a makefile MAK to automate builds outside of VisualDSP The output make rule is compatible with the gnumake utility GNU Make V3 77 or higher or other make utilities Mixed mode Versus source mode one of the two Editor window display formats Mixed mode displays assembled code after the line of the corresponding C code Outdated file A file that has been edited since the last time it was built Pinning a window A technique that statically associates a window to a specific processor Platform A configuration of DSPs with which a target communicates For simulation a platform is typically one or more DSPs of the same type For emulation you specify the platform using the JTAG ICE Configurator and the platform can be any combination of devices The platform represents the hardware upon which one or more devices reside You typically define a platform for a particular target For example if three emulators are installed on your system a platform selection might be emulator two Several platforms may exist for a given debug target For a simulator the platform defaults to the identical DSP simulator When the debug target is a JTAG emulator the platforms are the individual JTAG chains When the debug target is an EZ ICE board the platform is the board in the
7. are collections of functions macros and class templates that can be called from source programs Many functions are implemented in the DSP assembly language C and C programs depend on library functions to perform operations that are basic to the C and C programming languages These operations include memory allocations character and string conversions and math calculations The libraries also include multiple signal processing functions that ease DSP code development Using the run time library simplifies software development by providing code for a variety of common needs The compiler provides a broad collection of C functions including those required by the ANSI standard and additional Analog Devices supplied functions of value for DSP programming In addition to the Standard C Library this release of the compiler software includes the Abridged Library a conforming subset of the Standard C Library For more information about the algorithms on which many of the C library s math functions are based refer to the Cody and Waite text Software Manual for the Elementary Functions from Prentice Hall 1980 For more information about the C library portion of the ANSI ISO Standard for C refer to the Plauger text Draft Standard C Library from Prentice Hall 1994 ISBN 0131170031 VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs A 11 File Types File Types These are the files used to build a project Extension Nam
8. in an Editor window Go to next bookmark Building Projects Use the following keyboard shortcuts to build projects Build the current project Build the current project PF Build only the current source file Ctrl F7 A 18 VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs Reference Information Using Keyboard Shortcuts for Program Execution Use the following keyboard shortcuts for program execution VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs A 19 Keyboard Shortcuts Working with Breakpoints Use the following keyboard shortcuts when working with breakpoints Open the Breakpoints dialog box Alt F9 Enable disable a breakpoint Ctrl F9 Toggle add or remove a breakpoint Obtaining Online Help Use the following keyboard shortcuts to obtain online Help View online Help for the selected F object Obtain context sensitive Help for Shift F1 controls buttons fields menu items Miscellaneous Use the following keyboard shortcuts for windows and workspaces Refresh all windows Select workspace 1 through 10 Alt 1 Alt 0 A 20 VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs Reference Information IDDE Command Line Parameters You can invoke VisualDSP from a DOS command line Syntax idde exe L f script name S session name p project name Note Specify the full path to idde exe Parameters f script_name Loads and executes the Tcl script specified by script_name
9. A REFERENCE INFORMATION In This Appendix This appendix contains the following topics e Glossary on page A 2 e C Run Time Libraries on page A 11 e File Types on page A 12 e Keyboard Shortcuts on page A 14 e IDDE Command Line Parameters on page A 21 e Toolbar Buttons on page A 22 e Text Operations on page A 27 VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs Glossary Glossary The following terms are important toward understanding VisualDSP Breakpoint A user defined halt in an executable program Toggle breakpoints turn them on or off by double clicking on a location in a Disassembly window or Editor window Break condition A hardware condition under which the target breaks and returns control of the target back to the user For example a break condition could be set up to occur when address 0x8000 is read from or written to See also Watchpoints Build Performing a build or project build refers to the operations preprocessing assembling and linking that VisualDSP performs on projects and files During a build VisualDSP processes the files in your project that have been modified or depend on files that have been modified since the previous build A build differs from a rebuild all During a rebuild all VisualDSP processes all the files in the project regardless whether they have been modified Build type This term has been replaced by
10. VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs Reference Information Arranges windows as tall non overlapping tiles Arranges windows as wide non overlapping tiles Arranges windows so they overlap Closes all open windows Refreshes all the debugging windows Run Starts or continues the current program Restarts the current program Stops the current program Resets the target Toggles a breakpoint for the current line Clears all current breakpoints Enables or disables one breakpoint VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs A 25 Toolbar Buttons Disables all breakpoints Steps one line Steps over the current statement Steps out of the current function Runs the program to the line containing the Cursor Opens the Expression window Opens the Locals window Opens the Call Stack window Opens the Disassembly window User tool one of ten Runs the command associated with the user tool Workspace one of ten Opens the associated workspace A 26 VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs Reference Information Text Operations Regular Expressions in Find Replace Operations Regular Expressions vs Normal Searches Normally when you search for text the search mechanism scans for an exact character by character match of the search string which does not have to be an entire word Every character in the search string is examined If there are embedded spaces for instance
11. available on this topic such as Mastering Regular Expressions Powerful Techniques for Perl and Other Tools by Jeffrey E F Friedl c 1997 O Reilly amp Associates Inc Tagged Expressions in Replace Operations Use a tagged expression as part of the string in the Replace field for a replace operation Note You must enclose a tagged expression between parenthesis characters In the Replace field the following operators represent tagged expressions from the Find field Find Field Replace Field Entire matched sub string Tagged expressions within 1 2 3 4 5 parentheses from left to right 6 7 8 9 The replace expression can specify an ampersand amp character meaning that the amp represents the sub string that was found For example if the sub string that matched the regular expression is abcd a replace expression of xyz amp xyz changes it to xyzabcdxyz The replace expression can also be expressed as xyz 0xyz where the 0 indicates a tagged expression representing the entire sub string that was matched Similarly you can have another tagged expression represented by 41 2 VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs A 31 Text Operations Note Although the tagged expression 0 is always defined the tagged expressions 1 2 and so on are defined only when the regular expression used in the search has enough sets of parenthesis Here are some examples A 32 VisualDSP 2 0 Use
12. configuration Configuration or project configuration You develop a project in stages configurations By default a project includes two configurations Debug and Release A configuration refers to the collection of options tool chain and individual options for files specified for the configuration You can add a configuration to your project at any time You can delete a customized configuration that you created but you cannot delete the Debug or Release configurations A 2 VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs Reference Information Current directory The directory in which the DPJ file is saved The build tools use the current directory for all relative file path searches See also Default intermediate and output file directories Data set A series of data values in DSP memory used as input to a plot Create data sets and configure the data for each data set You specify the memory location the number of values and other options that identify the data 3 D plots require additional specifications for row and column counts Debug configuration For a debug configuration you can accept the default options or you can specify the options you want and save them The configuration refers to the specified options for all the tools in the tool chain See also Configuration Debug session or session The combination of a target and a platform For example a session can be a JTAG emulato
13. e Purpose Source file comprising assembly language instructions Source file comprising ANSI standard C code and Analog Devices extensions C source file Preprocessed compiler files that are inputs to the C C compiler These files comprise ANSI standard C code Project file Contains a description of how your source files combine to build an executable program Linker Description File This linker command source file is a text file that contains commands for the linker in the linker s scripting language Intermediate files Preprocessed assembly files generated by the preprocessor dy Assembler Object file Binary output of the assembler DLB Archiver file The archiver s binary output in ELF format Header file A dependency file used by the preprocessor and a source file for the assembler and compiler A 12 VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs Data file Debugging files Linker Memory Map file Tool Command Language file Assembled Object file Listing file Architecture file Linker Command Line file Debugging file VisualDSP Kernel Support file VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs Reference Information Extension Name Purpose A dependency file used by the assembler for data initialization Binary output files from the linker in ELF DWARF format An optional output for the linker This text file contains memory and symbol information for executable
14. e file Move the cursor to the end of the file Ctrl End Move the cursor to the beginning of the line Move the cursor to the end of the line End Move the cursor down one line Down Arrow J Move the cursor up one line Up Arrow T Move the cursor right one tab Move the cursor left one tab Shift Tab Move the cursor left one word Ctrl Left Arrow lt Move the cursor right one word Ctrl Right Arrow Go to the next bookmark Find the next occurrence of text Move the cursor one page up Page Up VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs A 15 Keyboard Shortcuts Cutting Copying Pasting Moving Text Use the following keyboard shortcuts to edit text Select with cursor and Ctrl drag Backspace selection or A 16 VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs Reference Information Selecting Text within a File Use the following keyboard shortcuts to select text within a file RER all text to the beginning of the TT NERE Select all text to the end of the file Shift Ctrl End ANSE all text to the beginning of the Shifts Home Select the word on the right eae Arrow Place cursor press and hold down Alt and drag the Select by column cursor selects by column character instead of by line character VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs A 17 Keyboard Shortcuts Working with Bookmarks in an Editor Window Use the following keyboard shortcuts when working with bookmarks
15. e source files have been modified since the previous build Dependency files Usually user files or system header H files these files are referenced from a source file by a preprocessor Hinclude command Device A single DSP With regard to JTAG emulation and the JTAG ICE Configurator a device refers to any physical chip in the JTAG chain DWARF 2 Format for debugging source level assembly code via improved line and symbol information Editor window A document window that displays a source file for editing When an Editor window is active you can move about within the window and perform typical text editing activities such as searching replacing copying cutting pasting and so on ELF Executable and Linking Format Emulator An emulator is software that talks to a hardware board containing one or more actual DSP chips An emulator though it replaces or enhances the DSP chip itself serves as a hardware equivalent of the actual DSP and shows how your DSP code affects DSP performance characteristics VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs Reference Information Executable file A file or program that has been written and built in VisualDSP Interrupts Use interrupts to simulate external interrupts in your program When you use interrupts with watchpoints and streams your program simulates real world operation of your DSP system JTAG Joint Test Action Group This com
16. elected data from the document and store it on the clipboard Copies the selection to the clipboard Pastes the contents of the clipboard at the insertion point A 22 VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs Reference Information Undoes previous edit command multi level undo Redo Undoes the previous Undo command multi level redo Find a text block in an Editor window Find again Repeats the previous find command Replaces the selected text with other text Searches through files for text or regular expressions Go to Moves to the specified location Displays the current source file Toggles the bookmark at selected line in the active Editor window Goes to the next book marked line in the Editor window Goes to the previous book marked line in the Editor window Clears all bookmarks in the Editor window VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs A 23 Toolbar Buttons Opens the online Help to the Search tab Provides context sensitive Help for a button command or portion of VisualDSP Opens the About VisualDSP dialog box Adds a source file to the project Removes a source file from the project Opens an existing project Saves the open project Opens the Project Options dialog box in which to specify project options Builds the selected source file Builds the project update outdated files Builds all files in the project Stops the current project build A 24
17. f characters from first through last exactly as if they had been written explicitly Ranges may be combined with explicit single characters and other ranges within the sequence Thus 0 9 matches any constituent character of a signed decimal number and a zA Z0 9_ matches a valid identifier character either lowercase or uppercase Ranges follow the ordering of the ASCII character set A caret that is the first character of a sequence matches all characters except for the characters specified after the caret A 28 VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs Reference Information The material inside the parentheses can be any regular expression It is treated as a unit which can be used in material combination with other expressions Parenthesized material is also assigned a numerical tag which may be referenced by a replace operation Special Rules for Sequences The normal special character rules of regular expressions do not apply within a bracketed sequence Thus amp matches an asterisk or ampersand Certain characters have special meaning within a sequence These include not range and end of sequence By placing these characters appropriately you can specify these characters to be part of the sequence To search for a right bracket character place as the first character of the search string To search for a hyphen character place as the first character of the search
18. he session you may want to further identify the session You can modify the default session name when you first create the debug session to prevent confusion later A session name can be any string and can include space characters There is no limit to the number of characters in a session name but the Session List dialog box can display about 32 characters Shortcut See Keyboard shortcuts VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs Reference Information Simulator The simulator is software that mimics the behavior of a DSP chip Simulators are often used to test and debug DSP code before the DSP chip is manufactured The simulator executes an executable program in software similar to the way a processor does in hardware The simulator also simulates the memory and I O devices specified in the LDF file VisualDSP lets you interactively observe and alter the data in the processor and in memory The simulator reads executable files A simulator s response time is slower than that of an emulator Source files The C C language and assembly language files that make up your project There are other source files that a project uses such as the LDF file which contains command input for the linker and dependency files data files and header files View source files in Editor windows Source mode Versus mixed mode one of the two Editor window display formats Source mode displays C code only Statist
19. ical profiling A debugging feature that provides a more generalized form of profiling that is well suited to JTAG emulator debug targets With statistical profiling VisualDSP randomly samples the target processor s program counter PC and presents a graphical display of the resulting samples in the Statistical Profiling Results window This window graphically indicates where the application is spending time JTAG sampling is completely non intrusive so the process does not incur additional run time overhead See also Linear Profiling Stepping A technique for moving through source or assembly code to observe instruction execution Symbols Labels for sections subroutines variables data buffers constants or port names For more information refer to the related build tool documentation VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs A 9 Glossary Target see Debug target Tcl Scripting VisualDSP includes an interpreter for the Tcl Tool Command Language scripting language Analog Devices has extended Tcl version 8 3 with several procedures to access key debugging features The power of the Tcl language coupled with Analog Devices extensions allows you to extensively script your work Tcl command output displays in the Output window s Console tab The output is also logged to Visual DSP_log txt Tool Chain The collection of tools utilities used to build a project configuration Trace
20. mittee is responsible for implementing the IEEE boundary scan specification enabling in circuit emulation of ICs Keyboard shortcuts The keyboard provides a quick means of running the commands that are used most often such as simultaneously typing the keyboard s Ctrl and G keys indicated with the symbols Ctrl G to go to a line in a file Librarian A utility that groups object files into library files When you link your program you can specify a library file and the linker automatically links any file in the library that contains a label used in your program Source code is provided so you can adapt the routines to your needs Linear profiling A debugging feature that samples the target s PC register at every instruction cycle Linear profiling gives an accurate picture of where instructions were executed since every PC value is collected The trade off however is that linear profiling is much slower than statistical profiling A display of the resulting samples appears in the Linear Profiling Results window which graphically indicates where the application is spending its time Simulator targets support linear profiling See also Statistical profiling Linker The linker creates a single executable program from separately assembled object files It assigns memory locations to code and data in accordance with a user defined LDF file which describes the memory configuration of the target system VisualDSP
21. r s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs Reference Information Comment Start and Stop Strings You use comment start stop strings for comment highlighting colors You are allowed to set two types of comment start stop strings for each file type These are example strings for typical file types Start Comment Strings E 4 Starts an assembly style single line comment Starts a C C style multi line comment Starts a C C style single line comment e Stop Comment Strings C and Assembly Ends a single line comment return Ends a C C style multi line comment blank Ends a C C style single line comment VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs A 33 Text Operations A 34 VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs
22. r target connected to a platform consisting of five ADSP 21xxx s Another example of a debug session is an ADSP 21xxx EZ KIT target connected to an ADSP 21xxx EZ KIT board The DSP projects you develop are run as debug sessions The two types of sessions are hardware and software The processor target and platform define the session When you set up a session you set the focus on a series of increasingly more specific elements Debug target or target The communication channel between VisualDSP and a DSP or group of DSPs Targets include simulators emulators and EZ KITS Several targets may be installed on your system Simulator targets such as the ADSP 21xxx Family Simulator differ from emulator targets in that the DSP exists only in software VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs A 3 Glossary Default intermediate and output file directories These directories folders are Debug for the debug configuration and Release for the release configuration By default VisualDSP creates these directories as children of the directory in which the DPJ file is saved which is called the project s current directory See also Current directory Dependencies VisualDSP uses dependency information to determine which files if any are updated during a build If an included header file is modified VisualDSP builds the source files that include include the header file regardless of whether th
23. string after 1 if present Place a caret anywhere in the search string except at the front where it means not VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs A 29 Text Operations Repetition and Combination Characters The following characters extend the meaning of the immediately preceding item which may be a single character a sequence in braces or an entire regular expression in parentheses An asterisk matches the preceding any number of times including none at all Thus ap le matches apple aple appppple and ale For example void matches only when void occurs at the beginning of a line and is preceded by zero or more spaces A plus character matches the preceding any number of times but at least one time Thus ap le matches apple and aple but does not match ale zero or one time but not more Thus ap 1e matches ale and aple but nothing else The pipe character matches either the preceding or following item For example hot cold matches either hot or cold Note Spaces are characters Thus hot cold matches hot or cold A question mark matches the preceding either A 30 VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs Reference Information Match Rules If multiple matches are possible the and gt characters match the longest candidates The character matches the left hand alternative first For more information see the many reference texts
24. the selected item Double clicking on the project icon or a folder icon opens or closes the tree list Double clicking a file icon opens the file in an Editor window Rebuild all See Build Registers For information on available registers see the corresponding processor documentation or view the associated Help VisualDSP 2 0 User s Guide for ADSP 21xxx DSPs A 7 Glossary Release configuration You can accept the default set of options or you can specify the options you want and save them The configuration refers to the specified options for all the tools in the tool chain See also Configuration Reset This command resets the processor to a known state clearing processor memory Restart This command sets your program to the first address of the interrupt vector table Unlike a reset you do not need to reload memory Right click This action opens a right click menu sometimes called a context menu pop up menu or shortcut menu The commands that appear depend on the context what you are doing Right click menus provide access to many commonly used commands Serial port data You can automatically transfer serial port SPORT data to and from on chip memory using DMA block transfers Each serial port offers a time division multiplexed TDM multichannel mode Session See Debug session Session name Although the choice of target platform and processor define t
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