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GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide

1. Wi EcoDesigner 9 x jJ Location amp Function Structures Openings MEP Systems amp Energy Green Eneray Building shell elements Model Review Orientation Y Building structure Area m2 Thickness U value W m K Surface Infiltration m TENENTES U value 1 35 W m East Es PZZ Masonry Block 40 85 300 1 57 Colored plast Average 1 10 Siructure s hent storage massa Upward de El KB roof conversion 410 56 199 90 4 Colored plast Average 1 10 South amp ZZ masonry Block 44 52 300 1 57 Colored plast Average 1 10 Medium masonry West amp EZZ Masonry Block 40 31 300 8 157 Colored plast Average 1 10 r Area threshold 0 00 m Internal heat storage mass Conditioned area 235 35 m Medium masonry T Use this dialog to enter the target U value and select the thermal mass Lightweight Medium or Heavyweight of the selected structure group instead of using the materials coming from the building model directly see U value R value Calculator S6 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner Material Catalog In the Thermal Property Assignment dialog box highlight a row and click the right side button with three dots this brings up the EcoDesigner Material Catalog Material Catalog Select the best matching item From the catalog Thermal conductivity W mK Density kg m
2. 2 85 Puno c M SS NOS E ae ae GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 59 Working with EcoDesigner ArchiCAD s numerous helpful conventional documentation tools such as dimension markers zone stamps or fills with area markers turned on help the user to obtain the necessary height and area data quickly from which the building volume may easily be calculated Internal Heat Storage Mass Use this pop up list to describe the building s Internal heat storage mass using Internal heat storage mass one of the three available options pedum masonry z Medium masonry The threshold values for these categories are heavy weight gt 400 kg floor area medium 250 400 kg floor area light weight 250 kg floor area Within EcoDesigner these predefined settings are linked to mean density values These density values are multiplied by the total volume of the interior structures see Building Geometry providing the numeric Internal heat storage mass value to the calculation engine Underground Insulation Underground Insulation data are needed to determine the linear thermal currents characteristic of structures that are in contact with the ground In EcoDesigner these values are applied to Basement Floors and e Floors on Ground Underground Insulation N
3. City State Country Postal Code Architect ow O0 O u RAN Wi EcoDesigner 9 x Location amp Function Structures Openings MEP Systems amp Energy Green Energy Project Location Amsterdam Aity c aaa d Office X Latitude 52 21 0 North Temperature profile Longitude fe 54 0 East asl E Weekdays E Weekends 3 0 w Weather data has been downloaded 20 10 0 h 00 90 00 6 n 18 Li m W m Weekdays E Weekends Grade level to project zero 0 15 0 _ m0 Wind protection Partly protected 50 Lg r A Surroundings Garden X 6 6 n 18 P Facade Shadings l More functions GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 37 Working with EcoDesigner Report Header Click the blue Information icon below Project Location to access the ArchiCAD Project Info dialog box Project Info line 15 is entitled EcoDesigner report header text Text entered here appears on the header of the Building Energy Evaluation report sheet below the content of line 2 entitled Project Name TA EcoDesigner Evaluation Report SN Energy Balance Evaluation Stockholm Center E for EmDesigner User Manual Project Location Project location is defined by geographical coordinates and a Cities custom name Click Set City to access a predefined list of locations from the Cities attribute of ArchiCAD 15 Chicago Cupertino
4. Export to VIP Energy Energy recovery systems can significantly increase the efficiency of the building s MEP system Some extra initial investment in the construction phase can pay off by regaining otherwise wasted energy or obtaining additional energy from sustainable external input such as solar irradiation or geothermic energy Solar Collector Solar thermal collector panels are designed to collect heat by absorbing sunlight and converting the energy in solar radiation into a more usable form Ifthe building is equipped with solar collectors check the Solar collector box then specify the collector geometry data required for the calculations by entering the collector s area angle to the South or to the North for southern hemisphere locations and its tilt angle as indicated by the icons 74 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner Use the checkboxes to set one or more of the following targets for the recovered solar energy Space heating Fresh air heating Note Fresh air heating requires installed mechanical ventilation Hot water generation Note If solar collectors are used for multiple targets then Hot water generation always has the highest priority This means that if the solar collector is unable to generate enough energy to feed all targets then it is going to feed the water heater first and use the remaining available energy for the other targets Air to air energ
5. Heat transfer Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki Heat transfer gt U U value the measure of the rate of heat loss through a material Thus in all aspects of home design one should strive for the lowest U values possible because the lower the U value the less heat that is needlessly escaping It is measured as the amount of heat lost through a one square meter of the material for every degree difference in temperature either side of the material It is indicated in units of Watts per Meter Squared per Degree Kelvin or W m2K U value is the inverse of the R value V Ventilation the intentional movement of air from outside a building to the inside It is the V in HVAC Types of Ventilation are Mechanical forced ventilation Natural ventilation and Infiltration See also Air changes per hour GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 21 Getting Started With EcoDesigner W Weather data or climate data searchable records of climatology and historical weather for all locations worldwide The weather data used by EcoDesigner contains hourly records of air temperature relative humidity wind speed and solar radiance for a reference year Wind velocity The horizontal direction and speed of air motion It is a scalar quantity the magnitude of the vector of motion Note Wind speed Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki Wind_speed
6. Ventilation Auxiliary systems 19970 40 19954 31 19275 08 19855 63 18815 14 19138 97 232687 56 232687 56 16 60 The level of data detail displayed on the Monthly Energy Balance Excel Table exceeds the level of detail of the Monthly Energy Balance bar chart e Green Energy is further broken down according to each specific target of the Solar collector and the Heat pump Space heating Fresh air heating Hot water generation and the energy regained by the Air to air energy recovery system is also enumerated separately Lighting and Appliance electricity consumptions are listed separately as opposed to combined The electricity consumption of the Auxiliary Systems is enumerated separately not just as part of the energy currents associated to the Heat pump Solar Collector and or Mechanical Ventilation 96 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide
7. Working with EcoDesigner Hot Water Generation Enter Cold and Hot water temperature target values The calculation engine uses this data to calculate the energy consumption related to hot water generation To change the temperature scale Celsius or Fahrenheit click the arrow button next to the input field Note For other units apart from temperature scale EcoDesigner uses the units defined in ArchiCAD at Options gt Project Preferences gt Calculation Units See Calculation Unit Settings Use the Fuel button see Energy Source to define the source or multiple sources of energy consumed by the water heater Interior Lighting Select a Fitting type from the options offered by the dropdown list The default Lighting power densities LPD assigned to the Fitting types appear in the editable LPD field This field allows users to fine tune the default LPD value if the lighting design of the project is already available at the time of the evaluation Fitting type Default LPD W m2 Incandescent 10 Fluorescent lighting tube 5 Compact fluorescent 3 LED light 0 5 Custom GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 71 Working with EcoDesigner Energy Source Factors Click the Energy source factors button on the MEP Systems and Energy panel to bring up the dedicated dialog box K Energy Source Factors Eam Enter energy source factors Source name Primary energy CO2 emission kg kWh
8. masonry gt Building volume 4 6245 00 mi Underground insulation Use the function buttons see Surface Infiltration and U value R value Calculator that appear by the first selected line to modify properties of all selected list entries 48 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner Surface The Surface property determines the absorption properties of the selected Building Shell Element Click the pop up arrow in this field to select from a list of surface materials and finishes nfiltration l Colored plaster Dark Colored plast Colored plaster Medium Colored plaster Light Colored plast P bj Stone Dark Colored plas Stone Medium Colored plast Stone Bright Colored plast Brick Dark Colored plast Brick Medium Colored plast Brick Bright Colored plast Concrete Metal Dark Colored plast Metal Medium Colored plast Metal Bright wood Default absorbance percentage values linked to each available material are stored in the DefaultValues xml file see Localized EcoDesigner Contents the XML Files lt DefaultValue Name Structure Surface SolarAbs DarkColoredPlaster Value 85 gt lt DefaultValue Name Structure Surface SolarAbs MediumColoredPlaster Value 50 gt lt DefaultValue Name Structure Surface SolarAbs LightColoredPlaster Value 8 gt lt DefaultValue Name Structur
9. E Wood 1 20 0 03 El Pellet 1 20 0 03 Natural gas 1 10 0 22 3 B Propane 1 10 0 29 ai 1 10 0 30 eu Coal 1 20 0 29 Electricity is produced from Source name Proportion E Nudear energy 70 i Natural gas 10 LJ Coal 20 H ex J x The primary energy see Primary Energy source factors and CO2 emission see Carbon Footprint factors assigned to the energy sources differ according to building location see Location and Function Use this dialog to enter the region specific data 1f available or evaluate the project using the default assignments offered by EcoDesigner based on standard DINV 18599 At the bottom of the Energy Source Factors dialog define the building s source or multiple sources of electricity Use the dropdown to specify the source of electricity Natural gas Propane Oil Wood Coal Nuclear energy Wind energy Solar energy Water energy or Unknown If you use more than one energy source click the button then choose an additional source Define the Proportion of each source used so that they add up to 100 To remove a row click the button 72 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner Energy Costs Click the Energy costs button on the MEP Systems and Energy panel to bring up the dedicated dialog box IR EcoDesigner 0 Y ES Location amp Function Structures Openings MEP Systems 8 Energy Gre
10. External air and Exhaust air see also Heat pump for cooling at Cooling Type Specify the system s capacity in the units defined for your project e g kilowatts Next specify the targeted use of this energy using the checkboxes e Space heating Fresh air heating Note Fresh air heating requires installed mechanical ventilation Hot water generation Note If heat pump is used for multiple targets then Hot water generation always has the highest priority This means that if the heat pump is unable to generate enough energy to feed all targets then it is going to feed the water heater first and use the remaining available energy for the other targets 76 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner Export to PHPP The Export to PHPP button activates the PHPP Export dialog box which enables you to send building information model data to the PHPP 2007 Excel workbook you specify for post processing Wi EcoDesigner 9 e Location amp Function Structures Openings MEP Systems amp Energy Green Energy Solar collector E Heat pump 2 Area 20 00 m Gai Targets Space heating Capacity 50 00 kw Fresh air heating Jarnete O Hot water generation L po Browse for your copy of the PHPP2007 Excel workbook to use as a template Zo si ija al Air to air energy recovery Type Efficiency 50 00 Export to PHPP Note Air to air recovery requir
11. codes used in the pie chart The Quantity column lists the magnitude e g kWh a while the Cost column shows the price currency a of each energy source consumed in one year The table s rightmost column shows the carbon footprints associated with the listed energy source magnitudes GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 85 Building Energy Evaluation Report The Distribution by Sources pie charts graphically display the percentage distributions of the quantities costs carbon footprints of the used energy sources The internal indicator ring shows the energy source type distribution while the external ring displays the actual energy source distribution This amount cf CO2 is absorbed in one year by 1 7 hectares roughly equivalent to 3 football felds of topical forest 86 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Building Energy Evaluation Report Energy Sources In the table below the energy sources used by EcoDesigner are listed according to their type and with their colors as displayed on the Energy Balance Evaluation report Renewable Fossil Secondary Natural Gas Electricity Exhaust air Propane District cooling Environment District heating Wood Coal GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 87 Building Energy Evaluation Report Carbon Footprint Besides the information on the carbon dioxide emissions resulting from the building s operation over the course of a year the magnitu
12. gt Y Yearly energy consumption The annual amount of energy the project needs in order to fulfill the interior climate criteria specified for the function of the building Getting Started With EcoDesigner Hardware Software Requirements The hardware software requirements for GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner are identical to those of ArchiCAD 15 For more details see Getting Started with ArchiCAD 15 available from the ArchiCAD Help menu File Compatibility EcoDesigner is an add on that runs with ArchiCAD 15 Licenses To run GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner with your commercially licensed copy of ArchiCAD 15 you need a separate license for EcoDesigner This license can be located either on the same or a different dongle than the one with the ArchiCAD license If you do not have a license for EcoDesigner consult your ArchiCAD distributor If you have successfully installed EcoDesigner and begun work but your EcoDesigner license is later missing for any reason while you are working with EcoDesigner a Warning informs you that you have two choices 22 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Getting Started With EcoDesigner 1 Restore the missing license then continue working or 2 Continue working in ArchiCAD without EcoDesigner functionality Installation Insert the GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner CD into your computer s DVD drive On PC Click on Install EcoDesigner in the menu to start the Installation Wizard If the start up men
13. gt lt DefaultValue Name DrawingGenerator gCaptionTextColor Green Value 103 gt Excerpt from xml file describing the appearance of the Evaluation sheet It is not possible for the users to change the content of the evaluation sheet Its appearance however may be customized GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 93 Building Energy Evaluation Report It is recommended that the following parameters remain unchanged Page borders Font sizes e Spaces e Column widths e Chart sizes Carbon footprint image size Parameters that may be changed to customize the appearance of the report sheet e Pen widths Background colors e Text colors Border colors Energy group colors Energy source colors Bar chart background colors e Pie chart colors Font name type 94 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Building Energy Evaluation Report Function Buttons of the Evaluation Report At the bottom of the Evaluation Report Gee ses 6 7 Back to EcoDesigner takes you back to the EcoDesigner dialog box allowing you to further adjust the building data The Close button exits EcoDesigner without saving the Evaluation Report e Save as PDF lets you specify a location to which to save the Evaluation Report in PDF format Click the button with the triangle in the bottom right corner to save the detailed monthly energy balance data in Microsoft Excel file format see be
14. Building geometry data z Qpenings 1 60 1 60 Treated floor area 14014 m2 pen Building shell area 9562 m2 z Ventilated volume 46246 m3 Net heating energy kWh m2a Gazing ratio 22 9 Wet cooling energy kWh m2a Energy consumption 196 47 kWh m2a nima ry energy Operation cost 10 54 EUR m2a 02 emission 24 43 kg m2a Use the PHPP Export panel to browse for the official PHPP 2007 Excel workbook to be used as a template then save the project specific PHPP Excel file under a different name 78 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner The following ArchiCAD building model data are exported to the respective fields of the project specific PHPP workbook Data location in EcoDesigner Data location in PHPP Structures Areas Building shell elements Area Input entries Orientation Building Element Description Building structure Building Assembly Description Area Area Input User Determined Thermal Property Assignment Corresponding Building Element Assembly U value Calculator U Values Skin Name Area Section External heat transfer coefficient Heat Transfer Resistance exterior reciprocal of the External heat transfer coefficient Internal heat transfer coefficient Heat Transfer Resistance interior reciprocal of the Internal heat transfer coefficient Thermal Conductivity Thermal Conductivity Thickness Thickness Thermal Cond
15. Correction Elements Show volume Highlighted Elements Re analyze model Back to EcoDesigner Important To visualize the Model Review mark ups the Show Mark Up Items checkbox must be checked in the Document gt Set Model View gt Model View Options dialog box GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 31 Working with EcoDesigner Modify Element s Building Structure Group Use the Highlight Element and Remove Highlight buttons to manually change the building structure group of any project element highlighted in the program For example you can remove a wall from the External Wall group and put it into the Basement Walls group instead To do this 1 Highlight the wall 2 Click the Remove Highlight from Selected Elements button below the Building structure types list 3 Then click on the group you need Basement Walls in our case 4 Click Highlight Selected Elements The selected wall is now categorized as a Basement Wall Adiabatic Walls of the Building Shell Adiabatic walls are walls of the building shell that separate heated spaces They are called adiabatic due to the absence of heat transfer through them Such walls e g fire walls separating row houses or other adjacent buildings should be marked up as internal structures in order to get an accurate energy evaluation result 32 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner Shell Slabs A commo
16. Design Document Options Teamwork Window Test Help Design Tools NES c D Outline Polygon with Magic Wand ase Story Settings Ctrl A us Complex Profiles E Solid Element Operations Bs Br Align 3D Texture gt Modify Curtain Wall gt Modify Wall gt Creat a creat Place Mesh from Surveyors Data T Grid System nesgnestras Accessories Interior Wizard d RoofMaker TrussMaker SiteMaker fa ArchiGlazing m Cy ES Profiler CINEMA 4D Exchange GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 27 Working with EcoDesigner Automatic Model Analysis Automatic Model Analysis occurs when you run EcoDesigner Design gt Design Extras gt EcoDesigner on a project for the first time Automatic Model Analysis investigates the visible elements of the model and defines which belong to the shell of the building and which make up the interior structures group The analysis further categorizes the structures that make up the building shell according to their relevance in the building s energy system e Roofs and Shell Slabs External Walls Floors On Ground Basement Walls Basement Floors e Interior Structures When Automatic Model Analysis is complete these automatically generated selection groups are marked up and displayed in different colors on the Floor Plan and in 3D Their geometry data is gathered and saved on the Building Shell Elements list
17. Heat capacity J kak gt AERATED CONCRETE A D AIR GAPS D ASPHALT gt BITUMEN D BURNT CLAY D CONCRETE gt EXPANDED CLAY gt FLOOR COVERINGS b GLASS b GYPSUM Y METALS ALUMINUM 160 0000 2800 00 880 00 BRASS 120 0000 8400 00 BRONZE 65 0000 8700 00 COPPER 380 0000 8900 00 CAST IRON 50 0000 7500 00 LEAD 35 0000 11300 00 STAINLESS STEEL 17 0000 7900 00 STEEL 1 50 0000 7800 00 STEEL 2 60 0000 7800 00 ZINC 110 0000 7200 00 gt PLASTERS AND RENDERINGS gt ROOF TILES D RUBBERS D SEALANTS RA The Material Catalog is an extensive database integrated within EcoDesigner that contains building material information relevant for the energy calculations Thermal conductivity Density and Heat capacity The building materials are grouped in main categories with drop down detailed lists to enable easy access and quick selection Select a material here whose physical properties correspond to your needs When you click OK in the Material Catalog the thermal properties of the selected material are assigned to the skin you selected in Thermal Property Assignment This way the calculation engine obtains the physical data required for the thermal evaluation without any numeric input from you GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 57 Working with EcoDesigner Customizing the Material Catalog The MaterialCatalog xml file see Localized EcoDesigner Contents the XML Files lists materials in groups The user can add new groups and
18. If your city is listed here EcoDesigner has access to all the relevant m weather data needed to perform the energy analysis in this case Honolulu Los Angeles v there is no need to download weather information from the Internet Name 24 a Latitude 9 14 If the location of your building is not listed here enter the city SE o Bic Bi wea name and its coordinates Latitude Longitude and Time zone E then click Add to add it to the Cities list Click OK in the Cities dialog box to activate an Internet connection to the Online Weather Database server EcoDesigner obtains the relevant weather data air temperature relative humidity wind speed and solar radiance of the specified location Note Climate data is obtained from the Strusoft climate website at http climate vipenergy se All climate data are created from NCEP Reanalysis data provided by the NOAA CIRES Climate Diagnostics Center Boulder Colorado USA from their website at http Avww cdc noaa gov 38 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner Once the weather data of a custom location are downloaded for a certain project they are stored in the ArchiCAD Cache Library so the data remain available when opening another ArchiCAD project later even if the computer is not online Project North may be set by clicking Set Project North which takes you to the Levels and Project North page of ArchiCAD s Project
19. WOOD THERMAL INS SOLID 0 1 50 WOOD THERMAL INS GLAZED 1 60 WOOD PS WOOD SOLID D 1 50 WOOD PS WOOD GLAZED 1 60 WOOD SOLID b SKYLIGHTS The Openings Catalog is an extensive database of building physics information relevant for the energy calculations Glass U value TST and Infiltration The structures that may be built into openings on the building shell are grouped in main categories windows glazed doors curtain wall glazing air inlet valves external doors and skylights that drop down in detailed lists to enable easy access and quick selection You may encounter unfamiliar data in the listed opening names For example WOOD 4 12 4 12 4 COATING e 0 05 ARGON This means WOOD material of frame e 4 12 4 12 4 window layers 4mm glass 12 mm air space 4 mm glass etc e COATING e 0 05 the outside glass layer is coated with a low emittance Low E coating that reduces U factor by reducing the radiative heatflow The lower this factor the lower the total heat flow through the window e ARGON The gas used to fill the air space between the glass layers 66 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner Customizing the Openings Catalog The OpeningCatalog xml file see Localized EcoDesigner Contents the XML Files has openings listed in groups The user may add new groups or products based on data provided by manufacturers or according to local conventions Naturally the format of the newly creat
20. Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki Natural ventilation gt O P Pellet wood is a type of wood fuel generally made from compacted sawdust Pellets are usually produced as a by product of sawmills and other wood related industry The pellets are extremely dense and can be produced with a low humidity content below 10 that allows them to be burned with very high combustion efficiency Note Wood pellet Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki Wood pellet gt Primary heat source In EcoDesigner primary heat sources include natural gas propane oil wood coal or Pellet See also Secondary heat source Primary hot water source In EcoDesigner primary hot water sources include natural gas propane oil wood coal or Pellet See also Secondary heat source 18 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Definitions R R value Thermal resistance coefficient The inverse of the U value A measure of thermal resistance used in the building and construction industry Under uniform conditions it is the ratio of the temperature difference across an insulator and the heat flux The bigger the number the better the building insulation s effectiveness Typically it is measured in square metre kelvins per watt or m K W or equivalently to m C W A thermal barrier that is composed of several layers will have several thermal resistors in
21. abd d 41 NUIT TIT ERE 41 Facade Shadings A iiare si Hoag BR A Revo do coge ios E dew A e 4 Custom Facade SNOU S ii AA ROSE IGE Meh Dea tr nep daba debe dons idonea 42 ACUVILY o epr enti TATEN BRI ERES eh Sao ee e nettes ESAS edad big SO Me CORES Sd dades 43 Custom Activity PFORI eS s Lue ive beber p PU RP MUERE DUBIE ILI DOPO EV HEN I Db ITUR Geb I us 45 SEIF CLUECS ee Ee exceperit Ca Pere deli tek etsi p nn d edunt iare E ae ie 46 Building Shell Elements e eres eo pe Cedere hos dd es ee ede i Ire ines ce RU resi ec gee 47 A rccp c DP 49 Thfiltration eV y n o o toon Ee lo gutes A AE Aus osse uec eene ke 50 U value R value Calculator vicio eiat te spy hs B DeREDER E DEALER OE A ENT bam Tees an rd eed 51 U value R Value Calcula tion 4IGOF aia rs rra N 52 Thermal Property Assignment cesses e eh e e 53 Default Thermal Property MsSigHmehils s ois bt Red bed SMEs kod Bao A RIS Reus ded ira J5 U value Override coi A A Roe E E E EE Se dci 55 Material Cataldi ADI 57 4 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Contents Custom me INO Menal dialog risas tambi 38 Building Geometry a eh eee 59 Internal Heat Storage Mass esses heh hehehe he eh hehe 60 Underground Insulation cesses eee he e e ee e 60 Advanced Handling of Undersround Insulation 444 eec A Y ARR VIA RAATR RUE AN 61 OPENINGS eresas terate Leek ee A de A a a 62 Shading Devices i i ead A EGE SLVR GARI a EME Hs Aah caddie 64 CUSTOM SHAGING DEVICES oii yo
22. and the Openings list See Structures and Openings WT ob RETURNED JA 28 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner The Model analysis done dialog box appears showing the number of Building shell elements and Interior structure elements found This Model Analysis is a quick automatic process You should review and if needed modify any of the element categorizations using the Model Review Palette See Model Review From the Model Analysis Done dialog box click OK to enter the EcoDesigner Dialog Box Model analysis done i Building shell elements found Interior structure elements found 58 Note You can review and modify analyzed elements later in the Model Review palette GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 29 Working with EcoDesigner Model Review Use the Model Review palette to modify the selection sets generated by Automatic Model X Ser Analysis Building structure types This palette is available by clicking the Model Review button from the Structures tab page of the EcoDesigner dialog box The Model Review palette lists the building structure groups analyzed during Automatic D Model Analysis P Building Shell Elements above ground level Roofs and Shell Slabs External Walls Roofs amp Shell Slabs External Walls Floors on Ground Basement Walls Basement Floors Interior Struc
23. generally warms a small space and is usually held in contrast with central heating which warms many connected spaces at once Space heating does not include water heating unless it is used for hydronic heating Note Space heater Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki Space heater gt T Teleheating see District heating Thermal bridge also called cold bridge is created when materials that are poor insulators come in contact allowing heat to flow through the path created Insulation around a bridge is of little help in preventing heat loss or gain due to thermal bridging the bridging has to be eliminated rebuilt with a reduced cross section or with materials that have better insulating properties or with an additional insulating component a thermal break Thermal bridges are characterized by multi dimensional heat flows that are typically approximated by one dimensional models of calculation which are used in norms and standards for the thermal performance of buildings Note Thermal bridge Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki Thermal_bridge gt Thermal conductivity k is the property of a material that indicates its ability to conduct heat Thermal conductivity is measured in watts per kelvin metre W K m Multiplied by a temperature difference in kelvins K and an area in square metres m2 and divided by a thickness i
24. materials or rename existing ones but changes made here must also be done in the DefaultFillAssignments xml file see Localized EcoDesigner Contents the XML Files and Default Thermal Property Assignments These modifications also affect the manual assignments made in other project previously MaterialGroup Name FLOOR COVERINGS gt Material Name CARPET ThermalConduct 0 06 Density 200 HeatCapacity 1300 gt Material Name LINOLEUM ThermalConduct 0 17 Density 1200 HeatCapacity 1400 gt Material Name PLASTIC FLOOR ThermalConduct 0 25 Density 1700 HeatCapacity 1400 gt Material Name RUBBER FLOOR ThermalConduct 0 17 Density 1200 HeatCapacity 1400 gt Material Name TEXTILE FLOOR ThermalConduct 0 06 Density 200 HeatCapacity 1300 gt Material Name CORK FLOOR ThermalConduct 0 065 Density 400 HeatCapacity 1500 gt Material Name CELLULAR RUBBER UNDERLAY ThermalConduct 0 1 Density 270 HeatCapacity 1400 gt lt Material Name CORK UNDERLAY ThermalConduct 0 05 Density 200 HeatCapacity 1500 gt lt Material Name FELT UNDERLAY ThermalConduct 0 05 Density 120 HeatCapacity 1300 gt lt Material Name PLASTIC UNDERLAY ThermalConduct 0 1 Density 270 HeatCapacity 1400 gt lt Material Name WOOL UNDERLAY ThermalConduct 0 06 Density 200 HeatCapacity 1300 gt lt MaterialGroup gt lt lt lt lt lt lt lt lt Excerpt from the Ma
25. shows the carbon footprints associated with the listed energy target magnitudes Energy Consumption by Targets Energy Target name Quantity Qst Primary BR a MAh a B in 26107 718 0 Coding 0 0 a Hot vater generation 4617 120 5 fl Vertilation fans 31508 675 2 listing amp appliances 85515 1832 5 Sum 2753 3 147749 3346 1 Energy Source name Quantity Solar collector aa Exhaust ar E Environment a B im aR emision GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 89 Building Energy Evaluation Report The Distribution by Targets pie charts graphically display the percentages of the quantities costs carbon footprints associated with each energy target The Target Quantities by Energy Sources bar chart links the information found on the Energy Consumption by Sources and on the Energy Consumption by Targets tables together by displaying the energy target type magnitude and percentage of each energy source Primary Energy The primary energy value is the common denominator among different energy source consumption types when determining the building s total energy consumption Not only does it indicate the net energy source consumed but it also incorporates the energy needed for the manufacturing transportation and the raw material processing of the energy source as well as its transportation to the place of use Minimizing the specific primary energy demand is a
26. the analogous circuit each in series Increasing the thickness of an insulating layer increases the thermal resistance Note R value insulation Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki R value_ insulation gt S Secondary heat source Energy produced from a primary heat source by a power plant then fed to the building In EcoDesigner secondary heat sources include electricity district cooling and district heating See also Primary heat source District cooling and District heating Solar collector solar thermal collector panels a collector designed to collect heat by absorbing sunlight A collector is a device for converting the energy in solar radiation into a more usable or storable form The energy in sunlight is in the form of electromagnetic radiation from the infrared long to the ultraviolet short wavelengths The solar energy striking the earth s surface depends on weather conditions as well as location and orientation of the surface but overall it averages about 1 000 watts per square meter under clear skies with the surface directly perpendicular to the sun s rays Note Solar thermal collector Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki Solar_thermal_collector gt Solar gain a k a solar heat gain or passive solar gain refers to the increase in temperature in a space object or structure that results from sola
27. the separate Hot water generation settings remains active allowing the definition of a water heating system that is separate from the heating system If Heating and hot water is selected then the Fuel button under the separate Hot water generation settings becomes inactive indicating that the same heater is used for Heating and Hot water generation The Cold and Hot water temperature settings in this case apply to the combined heater defined at Heating type GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 69 Working with EcoDesigner Cooling Type Choose one of the four options to describe the building s cooling system Natural cooling involves no MEP systems natural air currents are used to cool the building Even though this method is considered the most eco friendly it has its limitations as the temperature of the external air is not always sufficient for cooling purposes If Natural cooling is selected the calculation engine of EcoDesigner assumes that the external air is sufficient for cooling purposes and leaves it up to the user to verify this assumption Mechanical cooling means that some type of air conditioning system is to be installed in the building For air conditioning type either Water cooled or Air cooled may be defined District cooling In certain countries conditioned air may be obtained from an external source If the building will be connected to such an external cooling system select District cooling and use
28. used to control the temperature of the air as it passes through the system All of this is usually controlled from a basement or a control box somewhere secluded in the building G Green energy Green energy in EcoDesigner consists of energy obtained by air to air energy recovery solar collectors and heat pumps For further info see these definitions H Heat capacity see Heat storage mass Heat pump is a machine or device that moves heat from one location the source to another location the target sink or heat sink using mechanical work Most heat pump technology moves heat from a low temperature heat source to a higher temperature heat sink Most commonly heat pumps draw heat from the air or from the ground The reversing valve switches the direction of refrigerant through the cycle and therefore the heat pump may deliver either GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 13 Definitions heating or cooling to a building In the cooler climates the default setting of the reversing valve is heating The default setting in warmer climates is cooling Note Heat pump Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki Heat_pump gt Heat source A heat source is anything that can heat up a building Heat sources can be external from outside the building or internal from inside the building External heat sources include the Sun reflected sunlight any kind of fuel el
29. users to define and save custom Temperature and Heat gain profiles in addition to the ones offered in the standard EcoDesigner package This may become necessary if the function of a certain project is not among the default building activity profiles Data describing building functions are located in the InternalUsages xml file see Localized EcoDesigner Contents the XML Files lt InternalUsage Name Office gt lt HotW gt 0 000009 lt HotW gt lt HotWLgh gt 0 lt HotWLgh gt lt TemperatureProfile gt lt Min gt 18 lt Min gt lt Max gt 25 lt Max gt lt WorkDay gt 0 000000022 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 22 0 00 0 0 lt WorkDay gt lt FreeDay gt 00000000000000000000 000 0 lt FreeDay gt lt TemperatureProfile gt lt HeatGainPeopleProfile gt lt WorkDay gt 0 0000007777777777777700 0 lt WorkDay gt lt FreeDay gt 000000000000000000000000 lt FreeDay gt lt HeatGainEquipmentsProfile gt lt WorkDay gt 000000088888888888888000 lt WorkDay gt lt FreeDay gt 000000000000000000000000 lt FreeDay gt lt InternalUsage gt Profile parameters of the residential building function GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 45 Working with EcoDesigner The 0 profile parameter means not specified Copy paste a complete text block that describes an activity in the InternalUsages xml file then rename it to create the custom profile The Profile parameters of the residential building function excerpt above shows h
30. 3 Working with EcoDesigner If the project is designed for multiple activities select the More functions button below the Activity pop up to access the Multi functional Building dialog box Y Multi functional Building Function profile Area Primary Function Office 79 Yo L J Retail zil o Additional Functions 0 Aq A lt A _ O h L More functions X Even though EcoDesigner for ArchiCAD 15 uses a single thermal block energy model the user may define up to two activities in addition to the building s primary function and enter the percentage of the total conditioned floor space area they occupy The resultant complex function profile is used for the energy evaluation The example below illustrates the differences between the internal target temperature and the internal heat gain excluding lighting profiles of Office and Industrial activities vj industrial 2 shifts Temperature profile Temperature profile c m Weekdays WB Weekends a m Weekdays E Weekends 15 4 10 4 51 0 h nr d 6 p is 24 Heat gain profile human equipments Heat gain profile human equipments 36 Wim B Weekdays B Weekends Wim B Weekdays E Weekends 40 15 30 10 20 5 10 7 Eu 0 AAA d 6 D is 24 i D le 24 44 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner Custom Activity Profiles It is possible for
31. Class rooms 3 4 Laboratories 6 12 Smoking rooms 10 15 Warehousing 1 2 See also Ventilation Note Air changes per hour Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki Air_changes_per_hour gt Air exchange rate see Air change per hour Air leakage see Infiltration Air to air energy recovery a k a heat recovery ventilation HRV mechanical ventilation heat recovery or MVHR is an energy recovery ventilation system using equipment known as a heat recovery ventilator heat exchanger air exchanger or air to air exchanger that employs a counter flow heat exchanger between the inbound and outbound air flow Heat recovery ventilation provides fresh air and improved climate control while also saving energy by reducing the heating or cooling requirements Attenuation coefficient see Absorbance B Building volume net the volume of the conditioned air space of a building measured by its internal dimensions GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 11 Definitions C Carbon footprint the carbon dioxide emissions caused by the operation of the building The carbon footprint is a subset of the ecological footprint and of the more comprehensive Life Cycle Assessment LCA Once the size ofa carbon footprint is known a strategy can be devised to reduce it e g by technological developments or consumption strategies The mitigation of carbon footprints through the development of alternative pr
32. Designer dialog box lists data for all of the Openings on the building shell by orientation and opening type EcoDesigner Location amp Function Structures Openings MEP Systems amp Energy Green Energy Openings on building shell 2 x Orientation Opening type Area m2 Shading dev Glass 9o Window Ilene 80 00 a Door None B Window None EB window None a Door None Window None E a Door None a Door None 80 00 80 00 80 00 80 00 80 00 80 00 80 00 U value TST 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 1 30 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 20 53 20 Infiltrati 0 80 0 80 0 80 0 80 0 80 0 80 0 80 0 80 Close Start Evaluation Note Openings are not listed one by one instead the data are totaled for the opening type and orientation For example the first row in our image lists the total data for all windows in the North orientation that have been modeled using a single ArchiCAD opening type 62 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner For each orientation the following data are shown the opening type s total surface Area Shading device used Glass percentage of transparent surface compared to total surface area e U value heat transmission coefficient e TST Total Solar Transmission compared to transparent glass Infiltration air permeability of the selected structure You can re
33. Efficiency 80 Hot water temperature 60 c 1 Target Heating and hot water LI Cooling type Natural Interior lighting Fitting type Fluorescen hting tube v Lighting power density 5 00 W m Ventilation type Supply and exhaust Air change per hour 1 00 F _ Energy Source Factors i Energy costs dee j Start Evaluation Energy Source Press the Fuel button to open the Energy source dialog Energy source The Fuel button is active Hot Water generation energy source Proportion under Heating type if Local boiler water heater or District heating is Source se lected Propane Wood under Cooling type if District cooling is selected under Hot water generation if the Heating Target is set to Heating only in other words a separate system is installed for hot water generation besides the heating system 68 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner Use the dropdown to specify energy sources Natural gas Propane Oil Wood Coal Electricity or Pellet for the purpose of Heating Cooling and Hot water generation respectively If you use more than one energy source for a function click the button then choose an additional energy source Define the proportion of each source used so that they add up to 100 in the Energy source dialog To remove a row click the button Heating Type Choose one of the three options to des
34. GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide GRAPHISOFT GRAPHISOFT Visit the GRAPHISOFT website at Attp www graphisoft com for local distributor and product availability information GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Copyright 2011 by GRAPHISOFT all rights reserved Reproduction paraphrasing or translation without express prior written permission is strictly prohibited Trademarks ArchiCAD is a registered trademark of GRAPHISOFT All other trademarks are the property of their respective holders Contents Contents Note The titles of chapters that contain additional information intended for advanced users are written in green TA E ROA ARAN 7 EcoDesigner WoW a o oe 7 New Features in EcoDesigner for ArchiCAD 15 0 o ooooooo o 8 New Building Energy Evaluation Report oooooonoooconc e e s 8 Energy Balance Excel Workbook iiser orien eta dais bed tied rd re 9 Data Export to Passivhaus Energy Calculator cesses e s 9 Function Enhancements in EcoDesigner for ArchiCAD 15 1 2 0 0 eee cect m 10 Definitions E a a E bare De Pte ronda 10 Getting Started With EcoDesigner 2 sese ce ERR a PUE RN ea e gon 22 Hardware Software Requirements ccce hh e he ee 22 TileCompatibilityz 3 154 c HM a rein Pera e c oed AE ote gu dot D alt Pla Eb HU ed M sU 22 IECIT 22 Installation isa rt e E A ER ves Ela ea ERES OR aen Nev Ege gto Ya n Ra uo ce EUN 23 Program Folder Location ivi A idad 23 CA AA der tuer A hea aR Gt a i
35. Its certified calculation engine performs dynamic building energy evaluation providing information on the project s yearly energy consumption carbon footprint and monthly energy balance EcoDesigner is optimized for producing fast and accurate evaluations at an early stage to give the architect a reliable snapshot of the building design s energy efficiency and to enable comparisons between different design solutions EcoDesigner is available for two platforms e Windows version for computers running Windows 7 Windows XP or Vista MacOS version for MacIntel computers running Mac OSX 10 6 Snow Leopard EcoDesigner Workflow 1 Model Creation Create a model in ArchiCAD For successful evaluation you should model at minimum the enveloping building structures and the major internal structures that represent significant heat storage mass 2 Automatic Model Analysis EcoDesigner groups the model s key structures for energy calculation purposes Visualize the color coded results in Floor Plan or 3D 3 Location and Function definition Access a database providing detailed weather information based on location define building function to determine related temperature and heat gain profiles 4 Structures and Model Review Manually adjust the structure groups as necessary to increase calculation accuracy 5 Additional calculation inputs User friendly dialog box enables quick definition of main parameters needed to run the energy balan
36. LED lamp Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki LED lamp Lighting power density LPD the maximum lighting power per unit area of a building classification of space function Examples for a whole building in W ft2 Convention Center 1 22 Hospital 1 23 Hotel 1 02 Museum 1 11 Parking garage 0 27 School University 1 2 Transportation 1 0 Warehouse 0 82 Linear thermal currents According to the second law of thermodynamics a k a the Clausius statement thermal currents are induced inside a building material if there is a temperature difference between its two sides Theories of fundamental thermal physics are only valid if these thermal currents are perpendicular to the surface one dimensional This in reality could occur only if the structures were infinitely large and the composite layers were homogenous and parallel to each other Still general external building shell elements are evaluated supposing that the nature of heat flow 16 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Definitions through them is linear because the result obtained using this method is within the error margin compared to actual measurements For further info on thermal currents see also Multi dimensional thermal currents and Transmission M Mechanical cooling Air refrigeration is provided through the removal of heat The definition of cold is the absence of heat all mechanical air cooling systems work on t
37. NCRETE W 1 STEEL gt lt FillAssignment FillName Plaster MaterialGroupName PLASTERS AND RENDERINGS MaterialName GYPSUM PLASTER 1300 gt lt FillAssignment FillName Gypsum MaterialGroupName PLASTERS AND RENDERINGS MaterialName GYPSUM W SAND gt lt FillAssignment FillName Batt Insulation MaterialGroupName THERMAL INSULATIONMINERAL WOOL MaterialName MINERAL WOOL SOFT gt Excerpt from the DefaultFillAssignments xml file The Fill Name is what you see in ArchiCAD s Fills dialog box or Attribute Manager The MaterialGroupName and MaterialName must match values in the MaterialCatalog xml file see Localized EcoDesigner Contents the XML Files and Customizing the Material Catalog The default material assignments provided in EcoDesigner may be modified to create a custom material assignment template that supports the favorites custom fills and pre defined composites the user prefers U value Override It is also possible to enter a U value manually instead of using the Thermal Property Assignment functionality of the program Omitting the Thermal Property Assignment greatly shortens the time needed to evaluate a project but leads to somewhat less accurate results GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 55 Working with EcoDesigner Select any structure in the list In the U value column click the three dot button with the lock icon set to open white to bring up the U value Override dialog
38. Preferences Climate Files If the building site is in one of the cities shown in the Set City list it means that the necessary weather data are available within the default climate data file in the EcoDesigner folder AddOns EcoDesigner WeatherDataCache zip The user may unzip this data file to access the package of text files in vipclimate file format Each text file starts with some general information concerning the monitored location and contains the hourly values of relevant weather information listed below in a table like format VIP Climate file rev 3 0 Lock ID 12345 Company name GRAPHISOFT EcoDesign Description Nottingham Descriptionid Nottingham 2007 Year 2007 Latitude 52 90 Longitude 357 50 No Leapyear Hour of year HoY Day of year DoY Date Hour of day HoD GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 39 Working with EcoDesigner Temperature T oC Rel humidity RH Windspeed WS m s Solar radiation SR W m2 General information paragraph of example climate file Grade Level to Project Zero Enter a value for Grade level to project zero that is the distance by which the pavement is offset from the Project Zero This setting influences the output of the Automatic Model Analysis by determining which structure is classified as a Building Shell Element Roofs and Shell Slabs External Walls above grade level and which belongs in the Structures in Contact with Ground Floors on Ground Basement
39. The vertical axis of the chart shows an energy scale Along the horizontal axis the twelve months of the year are shown The Monthly Energy Balance Bar Chart shows the cumulative results of the hourly energy balance calculations executed by The VIPCore Calculation Engine GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 91 Building Energy Evaluation Report Energy Supply and Emission Types To the right of the Monthly Energy Balance diagram the energy flows that make up the bars of the chart are listed The number and type of these energy balance components that appear on a particular Energy Evaluation Report depend on the settings on the evaluated building s MEP Systems and Energy and Green Energy tab pages The table below lists all energy supply and emission types with their Monthly Energy Balance bar chart display color Emitted Hot Water quom m m m m UB ETE meters tare DT Mechanical Cooling District Cooling Emitted or Supplied Transmission 1 I I I I I J Natural Ventilation Mech Ventilation Green Energy Supplied Human Heat Gain 1 Natural Heating EN c Mechanical Heating Hot Water Generation Lighting and equipment District Heating These energy supply and emission categories besides being used to visualize the energy balance also provide addition information on the MEP systems cooling heating ventilation type and green energy solutions of the evaluated proj
40. Walls Basement Floors group see Model Review You must use the Re analyze model command for this setting to take effect For sloping sites the level of the pavement around the building varies Enter a mean value for the various pavement levels in the corresponding numeric input field on the Location and Function tab page to get the most accurate Automatic Model Analysis result Use the Model Review palette see Model Review to fine tune the selection sets to mark up structures as exactly as possible 40 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner Obviously the more detailed the model the more accurate selections can be made If external walls are modeled using separate ArchiCAD wall elements for segments under and above the ground for example as with execution drawings then they can be marked more accurately than on the draft model Wind Protection Choose the Wind Protection option that best describes your building s wind exposure Protected Partly Protected or Unprotected Surroundings Choose the Surroundings option that best describes the environment of your building Waterfront Garden or Paved This setting determines the level of indirect radiation that bounces back from these surfaces and reaches the building shell Facade Shadings EcoDesigner for ArchiCAD 15 does not automatically NT determine the extent to which shadows are cast on each elevation of the building Use the Facade Shadings bu
41. ading device is activated e Jfsolar sensors are used to control the shading device Limit Effect is set to define the solar radiation limit value in W m2 Highest Wind Velocity protects external shading devices from being damaged by strong winds The Total Shade Factor Reduction value defines the percentage of total heat energy that reaches the interior space The Direct Shade Factor Reduction value defines the percentage of heat energy that reaches the interior space due to solar irradiation These two parameters must be equal for shading devices and are additional to the protective effects of the glass materials as listed in the Openings Catalog Horizontal edge angles and vertical fin side angles are used in pairs to define the horizontal and vertical borderlines of the shadow masks on transparent Openings among the list entries Users may alter the numeric values to better describe the specific product applied on the project but may not change Shading Device names or create new entries GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 65 Working with EcoDesigner Openings Catalog Select an item from the Openings tab page and click the three dot button to access EcoDesigner s built in Openings Catalog Openings Catalog Select the best matching item from the catalog Glass 95 U value W m K TST 95 Infiltration l sm2 D WINDOWS GLAZED WALL GLAZINGS D AIR INLET VALVES VINYL PS VINYL SOLID 0 2 05 0 VINYL PS VINYL GLAZED 241 56
42. ainst real buildings under real usage Validation results can be read at http www strusoft com index php en validationvip For Further Information VIP Energy is produced by Structural Design Software in Europe AB http www strusoft com For technical information about VIP Energy and for a more detailed explanation of the different calculating models see http vip strusoft com GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 83 Building Energy Evaluation Report Building Energy Evaluation Report Key Values The Key Values section of the Evaluation Report displays basic information such as Project Name Location and Activity Type as specified by the user on the first tab page of the EcoDesigner dialog box see Location and Function The date of the evaluation is also shown Key Values General project data Heat transfer coefficdents U value W m2K Location Stock n Building shell average 0 63 Activity Type E Roofs 025 025 Evaluation Date 5 Etemal walls 0 45 0 45 ildi da Basemert walls Building geometry dista Cperings 1 60 1 60 Treated floor area 14014 m2 Building shell area 9562 m2 Specific annual demands Ventilated volume 46 246 m3 Net heating energy 37 26 kWh m2a Gazing ratio 22 Net cooling energy 18 31 kWh m2a Building shell performance data 196 47 kWh m2a hir leakage AD Air ge 0 45 G 238 77 kWh m2a Outer heat capact J m2 10 54 EUR m2a 02 emission 24 43 kg m2a The Treated floor area an
43. ample if 50 fill is used to represent all walls of the project but they are actually made of several different materials in real life depending on their function then the 50 fill must be duplicated and saved with different names in order to enable the assignment of the various building materials To use these defined fill properties in other projects use the Export button to save a file containing fills with their thermal properties Then if you run EcoDesigner on another project go to the Thermal Property Assignment dialog box and click Import to browse the saved file If any imported fill already exists in the project the imported data will overwrite the existing data 54 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner It is also possible to customize the DefaultFillAssignments xml file see Localized EcoDesigner Contents the XML Files and Default Thermal Property Assignments Default Thermal Property Assignments The DefaultFillAssignments xml file see Localized EcoDesigner Contents the XML Files assigns physical values to most fills in the basic ArchiCAD template Projects however may have fills that do not appear in the DefaultFillAssignments xml file By modifying or adding to this list it is possible to get immediate material matching without having to do any manual assignment within EcoDesigner lt FillAssignment FillName Structural Concrete MaterialGroupName CONCRETE MaterialName REINFORCED CO
44. are identical in terms of orientation element type fill and thickness are aggregated and listed as a single entry with additional properties that are relevant for the energy evaluation Area Thickness U value Surface and Infiltration IL EcoDesigner EN Location amp Function Structures Openings MEP Systems amp Energy Green Energy Building shell elements Model Review Orientation Buidingstructure Area m2 Thickness _U value W m K Surface Infitration SEE oo E amp fio 0 45 Dark Low 0 60 amp o 0 45 Dark Low 0 60 amp fip 0 45 Dark Low 0 60 amp fip 0 45 Dark Low 0 60 fip 0 45 Dark Low 0 60 amp fin 0 45 Dark Low 0 60 fis 0 45 Dark Low 0 60 lupward D AE Tak tekn rom 59 96 456 fis 0 25 Stone Bright Low 0 60 upward a aE Te 293483 756 fis 0 25 Stone Bright Low 0 60 N a S a pa AA uas Area threshold 0 00 mi Internal heat storage mass Conditioned area Le 14014 00 E Medium masonry Building volume 525 00 m Underground insulation You can rearrange the list according to any property by clicking on the property s headline button To filter out building shell element list entries of negligible area enter an Area threshold in the field below the list Entries smaller than this value will not be listed and will not be considered by the calculation engine If you later lower this area threshold the fi
45. arrange the list according to any property by clicking on the property s headline button Note the line at the left of the Shading device column properties to the left of this line are generated by your project elements Properties to the right of this line however can be modified by you When one of the Transparent openings list entries is highlighted the Shading device selection button see Shading Devices appears plus a button with three dots which opens the Openings Catalog see Openings Catalog Orientation Opening type Area m2 Shading dev Glass U value TST Infiltration l sm2 Window re a 80 00 1 30 52 0 50 Pul North Ba Door 74 78 j None 80 00 1 30 53 20 0 80 West window 2 17 None 80 00 1 30 53 20 0 80 To change the Glass U value TST and or Infiltration level for the selected opening either edit the value manually or use the predefined value sets from the Openings Catalog see Openings Catalog GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 63 Working with EcoDesigner Shading Devices Click the arrow on the Shading device field to apply a shading device with its predefined physical properties to the selected entry v None Curtain venetian Blinds Roller Blinds Awnings External Blinds External Adjustable Louvre Shutter Canopy Small Canopy Large vertical Fin on One Side vertical Fins on Both Sides Canopy and Fins Custom Shading Devices These default properties are store
46. ation choose either Celsius or Fahrenheit for the water temperature This way you can set the temperature scale independently of other units This can be useful for example if your country uses metric dimensions and Fahrenheit temperatures concurrently Localized EcoDesigner Contents the XML Files EcoDesigner creates its own folder in the Add Ons folder of ArchiCAD 15 when installed C Program Files Graphisoft ArchiCAD 15 Add Ons EcoDesigner The version specific localized content folder or folders named with three character nationality codes are located here EcoDesigner automatically loads its data from the folder corresponding to the localized version of ArchiCAD under which it runs Each localized content folder contains the following six xml files DefaultFillAssignments xml see Default Thermal Property Assignments DefaultValues xml See the following sections for details on XML files Custom Facade Shadings Customizing the Building Volume Display Surface Infiltration and Customizing the Appearance of the Energy Balance Evaluation Sheet e nternalUsages xml see Activity and Custom Activity Profiles e MaterialCatalog xml see U value Override e OpeningCatalog xml see Openings e ShadingCatalog xml see Shading Devices PHPP Mapping see Export to PHPP e DefaultEnergySourceProperties xml see Energy Source Factors To minimize the numeric user input required several input parameters are set within EcoDesi
47. baa cia len needy meee sal blood btc bon edv um 23 Calculation Unit Settings A ES Ee CREASE AREER ES RES ERE LB A REE i RES 23 Localized EcoDesigner Contents the XML Files cesses e eens 24 Folders Used by EcoDesigner csse e 25 Working with EcoDesigner 2 ere pe pert er tO gio deese ina eer sri rh bole Cere ele sie 26 Automatic Model Analysis 2 e tees EUR ENG We E AU AE Pur ss 28 Model Review d onore GU A ES A MPO UO CC PM SIR HOA Dus etia tette rint 30 Changing Mark Up Colors sich acts rostro cts Ves ebedta i dere aehs a dece enfin ta Pd NE eed 31 Modify Elements Building Structure Group ooo 32 Adiabatic Walls of the Building Shell ooo 32 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 3 Contents Shell Slabs i 2 ea Os RAE DS Dae Ra bee RR A aos d Reda epe tardus qaia t eee 33 SEleCCEIemellis asse tat M M MIA LI IM ID MC EM LE 33 Show Hide Building Volume 34 C stomizme the Building Volume DISMAY es oit er SEE ES EDUSPEE PE ERI a PPUEe RG 33 Reanalyze Model ave t EL RI Rua ENSE Ru nega e PA ERG GG Ru EE Gee Eee eS 35 Bach to ECoDesigler a o RR ape mer ede EUER Rens Keds made asm idu t 36 Additional User Input a eee ica 36 Location and Funct Oi est ceo cbe en o ee Pec PR eae ue pondere E etn RS doe doctae d cane dese d een 37 Report Cdi LM IMEEM EAT DUM DU Madri EE 38 Project Location PEE A A AA A A dec 38 A A O seg DUERME 39 Grade Level to Project Zero ooo 40 Wind PLO CON esas tenacidad pe pesetas Heed ae depot
48. ce calculation GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 7 Overview 6 Define materials and their thermal properties for the building s structures and openings For easy input select value sets from predefined lists of materials Use built in U value calculator to define the heat transfer coefficient of your composite structures Define the building s mechanical systems e g heating ventilation and energy sources plus their costs Evaluation process Built in certified VIPCore engine calculates building energy balance and provides Building Energy Evaluation Report containing information on the project s energy related structural performance yearly energy consumption carbon footprint and monthly energy balance New Features in EcoDesigner for ArchiCAD 15 New Building Energy Evaluation Report 40 percent more information compared to EcoDesigner for ArchiCAD 14 New Key Values see Key Values Building shell area Average infiltration New Specific annual demands Net heating energy Net cooling energy Primary energy More Energy Source Consumption Data see Energy Consumption by Sources Energy sources classified by type CO2 emission by energy sources see Carbon Footprint Pie charts GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Overview Energy Quantities by Sources Energy Costs by Sources CO2 Emission by Sources Energy Consumption by Targets see Energy Consumption by Targets Ene
49. cient means that the beam is quickly attenuated weakened as it passes through the medium and a small attenuation coefficient means that the medium is relatively transparent to the beam Attenuation coefficient is measured using units of reciprocal length The terms attenuation coefficient and absorption coefficient are generally used interchangeably 10 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Definitions Note Attenuation coefficient Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki Attenuation coefficient gt Absorption factor see Absorbance Adiabatic wall walls of the building shell that separate heated spaces They are called adiabatic due to the absence of heat transfer through them These walls do not contribute to heat losses but they do contribute to the thermal inertia heat storage mass Air change per hour also called air exchange rate is the number of interior volume air changes that occur per hour and has units of 1 h An air change does not represent a complete change of all air in the enclosure or structure unless it can be considered plug flow The actual percentage of an enclosure s air which is exchanged in a period depends on the airflow efficiency of the enclosure and the methods used to ventilate it The actual amount of air changed in a well mixed ventilation scenario will be 63 2 after 1 hour and 1 ACH Examples kitchens 20 60 Public bathrooms 6
50. cification 25 22 130 EEUU read S eu d epEeCPRIERIE a toe EEG REGN PE P RI EL ES D 81 Calculation Methods 2 1 0 nn rra 82 Validation A AAA PR evi edat A A hw A AAA eee de 82 For Fumier ThEOTIBAU 25 22a id dolo dd 83 Building Energy Evaluation Report 0 ccc cece cc ce ccc eee ee ee ehh eee ee hh hh nnn 84 Key Vales ii EPA MEER UTER RUSSE UNA ee BE A B ure eta ua Mea dee uns 84 Energy Consumption Dy SQUICES minis tos epe nee ed rg dene dU ecd PEE EE EEE grate cR ge resettle eth wet 85 Energy SOUPCES A A A EREET ERE ARE aia 87 Carbon Footprint sse eiee A RD A entree cete eR t cedente id e E 88 Energy Consumption by Targets o 89 Primary Enero ssc xc patadas AVG ee ERE RA EOE CA Cru peat penser eU Cr exe tea ets 90 Monthly Energy Balance Bar Chart 0 ehh re 91 Energy Supply and Emission Types 06 0c cc ee e eee 92 Natural Energy Currents eese e e eee 93 Customizing the Appearance of the Energy Balance Evaluation Sheet 00 0 c eect ene teen ees 93 Function Buttons of the Evaluation Report 2 2 2 enn rr 95 Monthly Energy Balance Table 0 2 emere 96 6 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Overview Overview GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner is an add on application for ArchiCAD 15 that allows architects to perform energy evaluation of their buildings within ArchiCAD relying on building geometric analysis hour by hour weather data for the building location and straightforward user input
51. cribe the building s heating system The Natural heating option has been developed for warm climate countries where the annual energy required for heating is very low The installation of a heating system is not necessary provided that inhabitants can tolerate the fact that internal air temperature drops below the prescribed level on a couple of chilly nights or mornings a year Set Heating type to natural in such cases the calculation engine of EcoDesigner will assume that the external air is sufficient for heating purposes e The Local boiler water heater option should be selected if these energy supplies are provided by a local system that only feeds the project you are evaluating e District heating means that the evaluated building s heating and or hot water needs are supplied by an external plant in the form of hot water or steam through a pipeline If scaled and designed correctly district heating is a more efficient alternative to local boilers This is why it is a very wide spread heating type in Europe Efficiency fine tune the selected Heating type s efficiency using the editable field if the project s heating system plans are already available or else use the mean efficiency values that appear for each Heating type Target define whether the project s heating system is for Heating and hot water generation or for Heating only by selecting the appropriate option If Heating only is selected then the Fuel button under
52. ctures and the major internal structures that represent significant heat storage mass For best results with EcoDesigner follow these modeling conventions e Use walls slabs roofs and Curtain Walls to model your building structures For example do not use a mesh tool to model your roof or the complex walls element type as these are not supported by EcoDesigner Each structure should be either an interior or exterior structure For example if you have a slab that is both split it into separate interior and exterior slabs e If possible do not use multiple separate parallel walls or slabs or roofs to model composite structures If such constructions exist in the building model make sure that only one of the parallel structures is marked up as part of the building shell e Use fills consistently within your project a particular fill should always indicate the same single building material or composite e When modeling wall intersections for several design variations make sure you use the layer intersections groups consistently in each design variation If energy balance evaluation is needed only on a certain part of the model select that part using the marquee tool In this case only the structures within the marquee boundaries will be analyzed 26 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner is accessible directly from ArchiCAD 15 in the Design menu under Design Extras
53. culated taking climate factors such as temperature sun humidity and wind into consideration Other factors in the calculation include the varying room temperature requirements air exchange internal heat gains and the use of solar panels ventilation units heat pumps and cooling systems The program calculates the energy balance of the building by comparing the emitted energy with the supplied energy Validation EcoDesigner uses the same simulation kernel as the VIP Energy product which is validated with the following tests The tests are listed in order of complexity EN 15265 The test method for European standard for energy calculations according to EN 13790 This test does not cover accuracy and calculation quality Most types of software even static and simplified methods can easily qualify for this test IEA BESTEST The original for all tests for basic functions of the most important factors in energy calculations This test does not handle infiltration properly and it lacks heat recovery The test location for climate data is Denver a city with extreme daily amplitude For all test cases a series of diagnostic tests are available to help the developer to pinpoint software problems Only dynamic calculation methods can probably handle all major test cases Software that cannot qualify for all test cases should not be used at all ASHRAE BESTEST ANSI ASHRAE Standard 140 2001 Basically the same test as IEA BESTEST with additio
54. d Ventilated volume are taken from the Structures tab page see Building Geometry Outer heat capacity measures the capacity of building structures to store heat against changing outside air temperature It measures the resistance close to the wall that helps to reduce energy fluctuations through the wall Also in the Key Values section the minimum and maximum values of the Calculated heat transfer coefficients see U value R value Calculator are listed for the entire building for every Building structure group see Model Review and for the openings on the building shell see Openings Under Specific annual demands the most important energy performance data net demand and gross consumption data projected to a unit area of the building are listed making the comparison of different sized projects possible 84 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Building Energy Evaluation Report Energy Consumption by Sources This section of the Evaluation Report contains one table and three pie charts Energy Consumption by Sources Energy CC emission Source type Source name Quantity Gst MAh a EUR a kg a a Solar collector 152 4 0 Rene viable E Exhaust air BIA 0 E Environment 256 6 0 Fossil MEO natural gs 214 29657 160150 Secondary MIB Sectrcty 813 5 118092 182199 Sum 2753 3 147749 342350 The table s leftmost column lists energy Sources by type Renewable Fossil and Secondary and name plus their color
55. d in the ShadingCatalog xml see Localized EcoDesigner Contents the XML Files in a similar manner as the properties defining the different levels of elevation complexity see Custom Fa ade Shadings lt Shading Name External Adjustable Louvre ID 106 gt lt LimitTemperature gt 22 0 lt LimitTemperature gt lt LimitEffect gt 2500 0 lt LimitEffect gt lt TotalShadeFactorReduction gt 90 0 lt TotalShadeFactorReduction gt lt DirectShadeFactorReduction gt 90 0 lt DirectShadeFactorReduction gt lt HorizontalUpperEdgeAngle gt 0 0 lt HorizontalUpperEdgeAngle gt 64 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner lt HorizontalLowerEdgeAngle gt 0 0 lt HorizontalLowerEdgeAngle gt VerticalFinl Sidel Angle gt 0 0 lt VerticalFin1 Side 1 Angle lt VerticalFin1Side2 Angle gt 0 0 lt VerticalFin1 Side2Angle gt lt VerticalFin2Sidel Angle gt 0 0 lt VerticalFin2Side 1 Angle gt lt VerticalFin2Side2 Angle gt 0 0 lt VerticalFin2Side2 Angle gt lt HighestWindVelocity gt 200 0 lt HighestWindVelocity gt lt Shading gt Default parameters describing a shading device type Most shading devices are not fixed they are activated only when needed EcoDesigner is capable of taking this dynamic effect into consideration by introducing three limit values that are compared to matching entries of the dynamic weather data to turn the shading devices on or off Limit Temperature defines the room temperature above which the sh
56. dards Some local conventions prefer to use the R value Thermal Resistance Coefficient which is the inverse of the U value EcoDesigner supports the use of the R value in addition to the U value To include the effects of thermal bridges delta U values are added to the average U values of structure group entries The magnitudes of external and internal heat transfer coefficients and the delta U value depend on the position of the evaluated structure relative to the thermal current Default settings are offered within EcoDesigner Default heat transfer coefficients and delta U values Position of structure relative to the EcoDesigner orientation External HTC Internal HTC Thermal bridge effect thermal current delta U Default settings available within EcoDesigner External wall 8 default points of the compass 24 8 0 11 Roof upward 24 10 0 04 Basement wall underground 0 0 0 Further suggested settings Slab below unheated attic upward 12 10 0 04 52 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner Default heat transfer coefficients and delta U values Slab above unheated attic upward 8 6 0 09 Slab above arcade upward 20 6 0 05 Wall between heated and unheated 8 default points of the compass 8 8 0 04 internal spaces It is advisable to review and manually override these predefined values if the structural situation demands or
57. de of equivalent CO2 absorbent vegetation is also displayed on the Energy Balance Evaluation under the CO2 Emission by Energy Sources pie chart EcoDesigner selects the display unit from three options automatically according to project magnitude Magnitude of equivalent CO2 absorbent vegetation area VA Unit of equivalent CO2 absorbent vegetation displayed VA gt 0 5 football field Football field of tropical forest 0 5 football field gt VA gt 0 5 tennis court Tennis court of tropical forest 0 5 tennis court gt VA Developed pine tree Note 1 football field 21 tennis courts The CO2 emission factors assigned to the energy sources differ according to building location see Location and Function Use the Energy Source Factors dialog to enter the region specific data if available or evaluate the project using the default assignments offered by EcoDesigner based on standard DINV 18599 88 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Building Energy Evaluation Report Energy Consumption by Targets This section of the Evaluation Report contains two tables and three pie charts The table s leftmost column lists energy Targets by name plus their color codes used in the pie chart The Quantity column lists the magnitude e g kWh a while the Cost column shows the price currency a of energy spent on each target in one year Next to the Primary energy breakdown the table s rightmost column
58. dialog box Thermal Property Assignment Assign thermal properties to cut fills lv Fill Name Thermal conductivity W mK Density kg m Heat capacity J kgK v ES wood 135 0 1400 600 00 1700 00 Y Structural Conc 2 3000 2300 00 1000 00 0 0000 v E Hatch Solid S 0 0000 v ES plywood Lara 0 0000 aR Cut Stone v 2x2 Studs at 16 Export Import A Material in EcoDesigner is not the same as an ArchiCAD material While an ArchiCAD material attribute governs only the surface appearance in 3D and photo rendering materials in EcoDesigner also represent physical properties thermal conductivity density and heat capacity The Thermal Property Assignment panel lists all the fill types defined as cut fills in the project s Fill Types dialog box Those cut fills actually used in this project are shown here with a checkmark in the far left column Each listed fill is shown with the relevant physics properties that are assigned to it The fill type you selected in the U value calculator is highlighted in the list Here you can edit any value either directly or by choosing defined values from the Material Catalog see U value Override Any change here will automatically be reflected in all project elements that include the edited fill An ArchiCAD fill is identified not by its appearance but its name so identical looking fills with different names are distinguished by EcoDesigner For ex
59. e Surface SolarAbs DarkStone Value 65 gt Examples of solar absorbance values linked to surface properties Users may alter the numeric percentage values but may not change material names or add new materials to the Surface popup GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 49 Working with EcoDesigner Infiltration Infiltration unit 1 s m2 refers to the air permeability of the selected structure group Click the Ini pop up arrow in this field to select the option that best describes the structure s infiltration level airtight 0 00 x 4 Average 1 10 Low 0 60 Default infiltration settings are located in the DefaultValues xml file see Localized EcoDesigner average 1 10 Peres 1 10 Contents the XML Files MM E NE lt DefaultValue Name Structure Infiltration Airtight Value 0 gt lt DefaultValue Name Structure Infiltration Low Value 0 6 gt lt DefaultValue Name Structure Infiltration Average Value 1 1 gt lt DefaultValue Name Structure Infiltration High Value 1 6 gt Values associated to the different levels of infiltration Users may edit the numeric values but may not change infiltration level names or add new levels to the Infiltration popup 50 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner U value R value Calculator Select any structure in the list In the U value column click the three dot button with the lock icon set to clos
60. e heat transmission coefficient value based on a simplified algorithm This algorithm relies on these properties plus three additional manually editable static values shown at bottom left External and Internal heat transfer coefficients and the Thermal bridge effect related to structural surface area It is recommended to review the default Thermal bridge effect provided by EcoDesigner for ArchiCAD 15 and to adjust it manually as this value may vary greatly according to composite type and the design of the building construction details The Calculated U value is displayed in the bottom right corner of the panel GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 51 Working with EcoDesigner Note The Calculated U value shown in this dialog box is an initial approximation that is used by most national standards However the energy evaluation carried out by EcoDesigner uses a more accurate dynamic calculation algorithm that evaluates heat transmission of the building envelope structures at every hour throughout one year The result of this dynamic analysis is the basis of the Energy Consumption Carbon Footprint and Monthly Energy Balance data displayed on the Energy Evaluation Report See Building Energy Evaluation Report U value R value Calculation Algorithm The U value Calculator calculates the average heat transmission coefficient of materials and composite structures based on a stationary algorithm that is used by most national stan
61. eather data for the coordinates are not available by default within EcoDesigner and the computer is not connected to the Internet thus unable to obtain the data from the Online Weather Database server e No material is assigned to some ArchiCAD fills used in the project see Thermal Property Assignment so some structures have invalid heat transmission coefficients see U value R value Calculator In this case the error sign appears next to the affected entry of the Building shell elements list see Building Shell Elements e The Building volume or Heated floor area see Building Geometry has been given a value of zero by the user on the Structures tab page of the EcoDesigner dialog box Some openings on the building shell see Openings have not been assigned building physics data from the Openings Catalog In this case the error sign appears next to the affected entry on the Openings list Calculation Engine Specification The calculation engine relies entirely on dynamic models in which every model is broken down to a level where facts and behavior are known The calculation is repeated every hour The accuracy of each model has been validated and verified against real buildings GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 81 The VIPCore Calculation Engine Calculation Methods In calculating a building s energy consumption the program utilizes known or measured facts about all parts of the energy flow The energy flow is cal
62. ect 92 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Building Energy Evaluation Report The left column shows the energy flows that appear on the Emitted energy side of the energy balance bar chart while in the right column the Supplied energy types are listed The column in the middle contains energy flows that may appear as either emitted or supplied depending on the particular situation Energy flows that are framed with solid lines in the table above require the input of one or more Energy Sources Natural Energy Currents The energies that trigger the Natural energy currents their names are framed with dashed lines in the Energy Supply and Emission Types table are the result of sufficient external conditions e hot enough external air temperatures in times of heating demand e cold enough external air temperatures in times of cooling demand sufficient placement and sizing of openings with proper opening closing operation that enable natural ventilation Customizing the Appearance of the Energy Balance Evaluation Sheet The graphical parameters of the Energy Balance Evaluation sheet are defined by the lines entitled Drawing Generator of the DefaultValues xml file see localized EcoDesigner contents lt DefaultValue Name DrawingGenerator gNormalTextColor Green Value 103 gt lt DefaultValue Name DrawingGenerator gNormalTextColor Blue Value 56 gt lt DefaultValue Name DrawingGenerator gCaptionTextColor Red Value 0
63. ectricity and released heat from the ground Internal heat sources can be electric equipment people lightning systems etc Heat storage mass also known thermal mass thermal capacitance or heat capacity Cth is the capacity of a body to store heat It is typically measured in units of J C or J K which are equivalent If the body consists of a homogeneous material with sufficiently known physical properties the thermal mass is simply the mass of material present times the specific heat capacity of that material Thermal mass as a concept is most frequently applied in the field of building design In this context thermal mass provides inertia against temperature fluctuations sometimes known as the thermal flywheel effect For example when outside temperatures are fluctuating throughout the day a large thermal mass within the insulated portion of a house can serve to flatten out the daily temperature fluctuations since the thermal mass will absorb heat when the surroundings are hotter than the mass and give heat back when the surroundings are cooler This is distinct from a material s isolative value which reduces a building s thermal conductivity allowing it to be heated or cooled relatively separate from the outside or even just retain the occupants body heat longer Note Thermal mass Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki Thermal_mass gt Heat transfer coeffici
64. ed red to bring up the U value Calculator dialog U value refers to the heat transmission coefficient of the selected Building Shell Element Use the U value Calculator to estimate the thermal physics performance of materials and composite structures in your project In the U value Calculator the skins that make up the selected structure are listed with their relevant properties Thickness Thermal conductivity Density and Heat capacity each showing a default value If needed you can edit any of these values manually See Thermal Property Assignment below I U value Calculator le Assign thermal properties to each composite skin Skin Name Thickness Thermal conductivity Wi Density kg m Heat capacity J gK E 0 1000 400 00 1050 00 ESE isolasjon styropor 250 0 7000 2100 00 1000 00 EEE betong lett 80 0 8000 2300 00 800 00 External heat transfer coefficient 0 00 wim val Je U value Internal heat transfer coefficent 8 00 w m R value 0 38 W m Thermal bridge effect 0 06 W mK Cr I tu Depending on local convention you may prefer to use the R value Thermal Resistance Coefficient which is the inverse of the U value To list and display R values instead of U values both here and in the final Evaluation Report click the U value pop up at the bottom right of this dialog box and choose R value For each selected skin the U value Calculator calculates the averag
65. ed entries must be identical to the format of the existing entries lt MaterialGroup Name EXTERNAL DOORS gt lt Material Name VINYL PS VINYL SOLID GlassShare 0 TotalSolarTransmittance 0 DirectSolarTransmittance 0 UValue 2 05 Infiltration 0 8 gt lt Material Name VINYL PS VINYL GLAZED GlassShare 15 TotalSolarTransmittance 66 DirectSolarTransmittance 53 UValue 2 11 Infiltration 0 8 gt lt Material Name WOOD THERMAL INS SOLID GlassShare 0 TotalSolarTransmittance 0 DirectSolarTransmittance 0 UValue 1 5 Infiltration 0 8 gt lt Material Name WOOD THERMAL INS GLAZED GlassShare 15 TotalSolarTransmittance 66 DirectSolarTransmittance 53 UValue 1 6 Infiltration 0 8 gt lt MaterialGroup gt Excerpt from the OpeningCatalog xml file some external doors Skylights are not supported by EcoDesigner for ArchiCAD 15 but some basic types are included in the Openings Catalog in case the user wants to assign skylight parameters to window type ArchiCAD elements GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 67 Working with EcoDesigner MEP Systems and Energy Use this tab page to input data on the MEP systems planned for the building Bi EcoDesigner zee 6 ome Location amp Function Structures Openings j MEP Systems amp Energy Green Energy Heating type Local boiler water heater y Hotwater generation Fuel Cold water temperature 10 c a
66. en Eneray Heati A ing me Wi Energy costs P x Displayed currency unit EUR E Efficiency Enter the prices of the purchased energy 60 c Target Price Unit Natural gas 0 04 EUR kWh Electricity 0 14 EUR kWh Cooling type lrescen hting tube v 5 00 W m Ventilation type ad ia Lo Energy Source Factors Energy costs B Start Evaluation In the top part of the panel enter the currency name or its abbreviation in the Displayed currency unit field Use the bottom part of the panel to define the Prices of purchased energy These prices of course vary by location and therefore must be entered numerically by the user Select the Unit of energy e g kWh from the dropdown list Next select a row representing a source of energy and then enter the price in the currency you chose GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 73 Working with EcoDesigner Green Energy Use this tab page to input data on MEP systems that utilize sustainable resources Ti EcoDesigner cm 6 Location amp Function Structures Openings MEP Systems amp Energy Green Energy Y Solar collector Heat pump Area 200 00 mi ens Targets Space heating Capadty 500 00 kw Fresh air heating Targets Y Hot water generation y i a Angle to South I e 0 00 Tit angle vi 45 00 Y Air to air energy recovery f Type Fixed plate Efficiency 50 00 Export to PHPP
67. ent is used in calculating the heat transfer typically by convection or phase change between two aggregates The heat transfer coefficient has SI units in watts per meter squared kelvin h W m2K H Q AxATXAt where H heat transfer coefficient W m2K AQ heat input or heat lost J 14 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Definitions A heat transfer surface area m2 AT difference in temperature between the solid surface and surrounding fluid area K At time period s Note Heat transfer coefficient Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki Heat transfer coefficient gt Hot water generation Typical domestic uses of hot water are for cooking cleaning bathing and space heating In industry both hot water and water heated to steam have many uses Appliances for providing a more or less constant supply of hot water are variously known as water heaters boilers heat exchangers calorifiers or geysers depending on whether they are heating potable or non potable water in domestic or industrial use their energy source and in which part of the world they are found In domestic installations potable water heated for uses other than space heating is sometimes known as domestic hot water DHW In many countries the most common energy sources for heating water are fossil fuels natural gas liquefied petroleum gas oil or sometimes solid fuels These fuels may be consumed d
68. es installed mechanical ventillation Export to VIP Energy PHPP is the official Excel workbook created by the Darmstadt Passivhaus Institute to calculate the energy demands of Passivhaus projects Passivhaus is a design directive that aims to realize extremely low energy projects mainly small scale residential in a relatively simple manner by following certain strict yet straightforward design guidelines GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 77 Working with EcoDesigner Note the PHPP 2007 Excel workbook is an independent product of the Darmstadt Passivhaus Institute and is not a part of GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner For more information on PHPP and the Passivhaus Institute visit the official website at http www passiv de The directive sets stringent threshold values for the Specific annual net heating and cooling demands 15 kilo watt hours per square meter year maximum total annual specific primary energy demand less than 120 kilo watt hours per square meter year and average infiltration maximum 0 6 1 h Note The Key Values section of the EcoDesigner Building Energy Evaluation Report displays these performance data as calculated by The VIPCore Calculation Engine Key Values General project data Heat transfer coeffiGents U value W m2K Location Stockholm Building shell awerage 0 63 Activity Type 2 Roofs 025 025 Evaluation Date Etemal valls 0 45 0 45 Basement walls
69. gner by default or are listed in database catalogs The xml files shown above contain these default settings and catalogs It is possible for users to modify the content of these files by simply text editing them in order to tailor the application to their preferences and needs The best software to use for this purpose is TextPad available free for download from the internet Microsoft Word is not suitable for editing xml file content as it changes the file format when the modified version is saved NotePad may be used however it is inconvenient as it displays the files in one continuous line 24 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Getting Started With EcoDesigner It is strongly advised to save a copy of the original xml files to a different folder prior to modifying them Replacing the modified xml s with the originals allow the users to reset the changed settings and return to EcoDesigner s default state Users should also back up their own modified files before installing any hotfixes or upgrades to ArchiCAD or EcoDesigner as the update process may replace customized xml files ArchiCAD must be closed and then restarted in order for the modifications to take effect Folders Used by EcoDesigner EcoDesigner manages data using three different folders Add Ons EcoDesigner see Localized EcoDesigner Contents the XML Files The locations of the other two folders Temporary and Cache Folder are specified individually under Op
70. great way to improve the designed buildings overall performance The primary energy factors assigned to the energy sources differ according to building location see Location and Function Use the Energy Source Factors dialog to enter the region specific data 1f available or evaluate the project using the default assignments offered by EcoDesigner based on standard DINV 18599 90 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Building Energy Evaluation Report Monthly Energy Balance Bar Chart The Monthly Energy Balance bar chart is a graphical display of the amount of energy the building emits bottom part of chart as well as the building s Supplied energy the amount of energy it absorbs from the environment and its own internal heat sources top part of chart by month Monthly Energy Balance Supplied energy las e in Natural cooling inn 300 8 o 300 gi lighting and equipment i B a B a E Hot water generation g B P 200 Mechanic heating B g a E E a M Human heat gin a 8 8 E A y B Geeneneny AREA SS E21 AA pm lan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Ji fog Sep Od Nov Dec MWh B Um B U am m B al m B Transmission li 4 B E E A 8 L 100 Infiltration 8s e B Meharia ventilation f 200 8 T E r tind gy According to the energy balance equation which is the fundament of building physics the Emitted energy and Supplied energy bars must be equal every month
71. he modifications made during the last EcoDesigner session are saved e Ifyou click Store the modifications are stored within the project file e The Cancel button takes you back to EcoDesigner The VIPCore Calculation Engine Once all necessary input data are obtained by means of geometry analysis see Automatic Model Analysis and Model Review and user input in the Eco Designer dialog box EcoDesigner launches the VIPCore Calculation Engine which performs the dynamic energy analysis EcoDesigner calculates the energy consumption of a building during a period of one year and displays the results on the Evaluation Report see Building Energy Evaluation Report 80 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide The VIPCore Calculation Engine Conditions for Starting the Evaluation As long as EcoDesigner detects that any of the required input data is insufficient the Start Evaluation function button at the bottom of the EcoDesigner dialog box remains inactive In order to start the energy evaluation you must first make the necessary corrections In the EcoDesigner dialog box see Additional User Input a yellow warning exclamation mark appears next to those entries which contain faulty or missing data The problematic list items are also highlighted in pink The most common reasons for invalid missing data are e No weather data is available for the specified building location coordinates see Project Location This may occur if the w
72. his basic principle Heat can be removed through the process of radiation convection and heat cooling through a process called the refrigeration cycle The conduction mediums such as water air ice and chemicals are referred to as refrigerants Note HVAC Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki HVAC gt Mechanical ventilation a k a forced ventilation through an air handling unit or direct injection to a space by a fan A local exhaust fan can enhance infiltration or natural ventilation thus increasing the ventilation air flow rate See also Natural ventilation and Infiltration Note Ventilation architecture Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki Ventilation architecture Monthly energy balance according to the Conservation of Energy law of physics when monitoring all energy flows related to the building the amount of energy the building emits must equal the amount of energy supplied to the building The Monthly Energy Balance bar chart on EcoDesigner s Energy Balance Evaluation report is the graphical representation of these energy flows Multi dimensional thermal currents According to the second law of thermodynamics a k a the Clausius statement thermal currents are induced inside a building material if there is a temperature difference between its two sides In reality multi dimensional thermal currents occur at place
73. if the standards for the project location are different To correctly evaluate thermal insulated slabs see Shell Slabs besides the settings detailed above define their surfaces as reflective on the Building shell elements list Note The result displayed in the Energy Evaluation Report is based on a dynamic calculation algorithm that is more accurate than the static method described above The dynamic method determines the heat transmission through the building envelope structures at every hour throughout an entire year Thermal Property Assignment View the skins listed in the U value calculator While the fill type name and thickness of each skin is derived from the element s settings in ArchiCAD the three material properties to the right of the vertical line Thermal conductivity Density and Heat capacity can be modified by you if the default values here do not correspond to your actual project structures To change the Thermal conductivity Density Skin Name Thickness Thermal conductivity wi Density kg m Heat capacity J kgk and or Heat capacity value of any skin selectit ECCESTESE ZEHN 0 0000 0 00 0 00 from the list in the U value Calculator Lai Spe td be roe 1008 00 L 2x6 Widstuds 1 5 1 2 0 0000 0 00 0 00 Jair space 1 2 0 1500 1 20 1008 00 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 53 Working with EcoDesigner Click the button with the three dots to access the Thermal Property Assignment
74. iltration is caused by wind building pressurization and stack effect The infiltration rate is the volumetric flow rate of outside air into a building typically in cubic feet per minute CFMs or liters per second LPSs Note Infiltration HVAC Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki Infiltration_ HVAC gt Internal heat gain may result from the heat output of human bodies lamps motors and appliances In buildings such as office buildings commercial stores shopping centers entertainment halls etc much of the overheating problem during the summer can be caused by heat produced by equipment or by a high level of artificial lighting Internal target temperature the temperature range needed in a room or building when it is used Based on the activities in the building the profile may vary by workdays non working days needed temperature and daily period L LED light A light emitting diode lamp is a solid state lamp that uses light emitting diodes LEDs as the source of light Since the light output of individual light emitting diodes is small compared to incandescent and compact fluorescent lamps multiple diodes are used together LED lamps can be made interchangeable with other types Most LED lamps must also include internal circuits to operate from standard AC voltage LED lamps offer long life and high efficiency but initial costs are higher than those of fluorescent lamps Note
75. irectly or by the use of electricity Alternative energy such as solar energy heat pumps hot water heat recycling and sometimes geothermal heating may also be used as available usually in combination with backup systems supplied by gas oil or electricity In some countries district heating is a major source of water heating Note Water heating Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki Water heating gt Human heat gain the amount of heat produced by the human bodies in the building I Incandescent light is a source of electric light that works by incandescence a general term for heat driven light emissions which includes the simple case of black body radiation An electric current passes through a thin filament heating it to a temperature that produces light The enclosing glass bulb contains either a vacuum or an inert gas to prevent oxidation of the hot filament Incandescent bulbs are also sometimes called electric lamps a term also applied to the original arc lamps Note Incandescent light bulb Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki Incandescent_light_bulb gt GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 15 Definitions Infiltration air leakage air permeability is the unintentional or accidental introduction of outside air into a building typically through cracks in the building envelope and through use of doors for passage Inf
76. k this button to run the Automatic Model Analysis again This function overrides all stored EcoDesigner geometric information within the project so any building structure groups that you modified manually will be overridden by automatically generated ones GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 35 Working with EcoDesigner Back to EcoDesigner Click Back to EcoDesigner to approve the marked selection sets as reflected in the Model Review palette The program then updates the geometric data surface area orientation volume perimeter etc necessary for energy evaluation of the marked structures If you exit and later reenter EcoDesigner within a given project this geometric data will remain available until you select the Re analyze model function Additional User Input Use the EcoDesigner Dialog Box consisting of five tab pages to provide further input required by the EcoDesigner calculation engine This dialog box is resizable in order to fit any screen conveniently by clicking on and dragging its bottom right corner If you are working on a shared Teamwork project you must first reserve the EcoDesigner dialog box using the control light interface on any of its tab pages to be able to access these controls 36 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner Location and Function Eco a as No 4 Name Descripti cient I I Project Name Project Number Company Street
77. low GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 95 Building Energy Evaluation Report Monthly Energy Balance Table In EcoDesigner for ArchiCAD 15 it is possible to export the energy balance calculation results into an XLS spreadsheet for EcoDesigner User Manual rene lll All numbers are in kWh kWh m2 Human heat gain 3021411 3158748 28840 74 Solar gain 56515 42 49353 75 47619 50 35298 61 B 459198 07 459198 07 32 71 Green energy Supplied 20739 83 87748 39 Solar collector 17940 24 15590 13 Space heating 0 00 0 00 0 00 Fresh air heating 0 00 0 00 0 00 Hot water generatio 17940 24 51 1634863 15590 13 Airto air recovery 54 3220041 Heat pump Space heating Fresh air heating Hot water generatio Green energy Emitted Heat pump for cooling 0 00 4 0 00 62443 89 14277324 X O7 184665 53 Natural 0 00 i 0 00 0 00 Mechanical 62443 89 E 142773 24 179190 07 184665 63 19622 51 El 19622 51 18989 51 19622 51 1682 27 x 4032 38 12155 16 1911948 0 00 x 22564 59 77656 92 102265 82 Natural 0 00 T 0 00 0 00 0 00 Mechanical 0 00 T 22564 59 102265 82 District 0 00 Y 0 00 56197 57 E i 5669 53 Natural 56197 57 5669 53 Mechanical 0 00 0 00 1 0 00 District 0 00 0 00 0 00 Lighting and Appliances 5148744 53827 77 53827 77 Lighting 16956 94 1772771 172771 I 201170 97 Appliances 34530 50 36100 06 36100 06 L L 409657 25 Supplied energy 160639 07 ener 160143 38
78. ltered out structures will reappear as applicable To modify the editable values for any list item select the row amp ERE vv P14 ost Area m2 Thickness U value W m K Surface Infiltration a EA fi 0 45 Mo 0 45 Dark Low 0 60 62 00 580 Dark Low 0 60 E GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 47 Working with EcoDesigner For information on U value see U value R value Calculator To edit multiple entries of the Building Shell Elements List select the entry that needs to be modified Then add further entries to the selection by moving the pointer with the mouse without releasing the left mouse button or by clicking on the entries while pressing the CTRL or the SHIFT key EcoDesigner ES a ig Location amp Function Structures Openings MEP Systems amp Energy Green Energy Building shell elements Model Review Area m2 Thickness U value W m K Surface Infiltration bak Low 0 60 jJ lt e Kantineveag 0 3k Low 0 60 Dark Low 0 60 East 515 26 580 fi 0 45 Dark Low 0 60 East 143 56 378 fi 0 45 Dark Low 0 60 East 19 36 313 fto 0 45 Dark Low 0 60 Upward Tak tekn rom 59 96 456 fip 0 25 Stone Bright Low 0 60 Upward 2934 83 756 ft 0 25 Stone Bright Low 0 60 ls x i i A iai cie ae gt Area threshold 0 00 m Internal heat storage mass l Conditioned area Le 14014 00 Bt Medium
79. n control than localized boilers Note District heating Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki District_heating gt 12 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Definitions E Energy evaluation Information about the project s energy performance based on building geometry analysis weather data and some user input As a result yearly energy consumption carbon footprint and monthly energy balance is available Energy fluctuation irregular energy flow through a building structure e g a wall F Fenestration products that fill openings in a building envelope such as windows doors skylights curtain walls etc that permit the passage of light Fluorescent light is a gas discharge lamp that uses electricity to excite mercury vapor The excited mercury atoms produce short wave ultraviolet light that then causes a phosphor to fluoresce producing visible light A fluorescent lamp converts electrical power into useful light more efficiently than an incandescent lamp Lower energy cost typically offsets the higher initial cost of the lamp The lamp is more costly because it requires a ballast to regulate the flow of current through the lamp Fresh air heating Combined heating air conditioning system which gains the heat of the taken air and heats up the fresh air in an air handling unit before being exhaled back out into the room Cold and hot pipes or more advanced technology is
80. n metres m the thermal conductivity predicts the power loss in watts W through a piece of material 20 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Definitions Note Thermal conductivity Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt http en wikipedia org wiki Thermal_conductivity gt Thermal mass see Heat storage mass Thermal resistance coefficient see R value Total shade factor reduction defines the percentage of total heat energy that reaches the interior space Total solar transmission see Solar transmission Transmission Heat transfer is the transition of thermal energy from a hotter mass to a cooler mass When an object is at a different temperature than its surroundings or another object transfer of thermal energy also known as heat flow or heat exchange occurs in such a way that the body and the surroundings reach thermal equilibrium this means that they are at the same temperature Heat transfer always occurs from a higher temperature object to a cooler temperature one as described by the second law of thermodynamics a k a the Clausius statement Where there is a temperature difference between objects in proximity heat transfer between them can never be stopped it can only be slowed In case of building physics thermal currents are induced inside a building material if there is temperature difference between its two sides See also Linear thermal currents and Multi dimensional thermal currents Note
81. n structural situation in architecture is the case of thermal insulated slabs separating heated and unheated spaces e g floor slab below unheated attics slabs above arcades external spaces or unheated basements These structures are called Shell Slabs in EcoDesigner for ArchiCAD 15 Mark up such slabs as Roofs and Shell Slabs orientation upward and set their surfaces to reflective using the Surface button next to the relevant entry of the Building shell elements list on the Structures tab page see Building Shell Elements Select Elements Click the Select Elements button to select all elements of the currently highlighted group GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 33 Working with EcoDesigner Show Hide Building Volume The Show Hide building volume button toggles the visibility of the 3D Building Volume The 3D Building Volume is the graphical representation of the conditioned building volume calculated by Automatic Model Analysis While the Automatic Model Analysis subtracts the volume of the walls slabs columns and beams from the total building volume these subtractions are not reflected in the display of the 3D Building volume by default It is possible to change this default display setting See Customizing the Building Volume Display Note The automatic heated building volume algorithm produces accurate results only if the virtual building model is constructed properly in ArchiCAD Inaccurate element connec
82. nal free floating test procedures StruSoft BESTEST When doing energy calculations for passive buildings with thick insulation different kinds of heat recovery systems solar panels and other technical equipment like heat pumps etc then it is impossible to calculate the energy consumption with any level of accuracy using static methods This problem requires at least hourly dynamic calculation StruSoft BESTEST is a validation method for these circumstances It was inspired by HVAC BESTEST and developed by StruSoft AB to determine a software s ability to handle infiltration heat recovery from ventilation units sewer systems solar panels heat pumps and special conditions in the north part of the northern 82 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide The VIPCore Calculation Engine hemisphere and conditions north of the arctic circle where the sun shines 24 hours a day in the summer and it is dark in the winter StruSoft BESTEST was developed because other international test methods did not cover these conditions To qualify for these tests the software has to use dynamic calculation methods More than 20 years of research and commercial use of the VIP Energy technology clearly indicate that a more detailed model gives better accuracy When using VIP Energy in the early design phase the building is broken into component groups and each of them analyzed separately Every part of every calculation model in VIP Energy has also been verified ag
83. ojects such as solar or wind energy represents a way of reducing a carbon footprint and is often known as Carbon offsetting Note Carbon footprint Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 http en wikipedia org wiki Carbon footprint Carbon offsetting see Carbon footprint Climate data see Weather data Cold bridge see Thermal bridge Conditioned area is the sum of the floor areas of spaces that are heated or cooled D Direct Shade Factor Reduction defines the percentage of heat energy that reaches the interior space due to solar irradiation District cooling Working on broadly similar principles to district heating district cooling delivers chilled water or other media to multiple buildings for cooling The cooling actually heat rejection is usually provided from a dedicated cooling plant Note District cooling Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 http en wikipedia org wiki District_cooling gt District heating also called Teleheating is a system for distributing heat generated in a centralized location for residential and commercial heating requirements such as space heating and water heating The heat is often obtained from a cogeneration plant burning fossil fuels but increasingly biomass although heat only boiler stations geothermal heating and central solar heating are also used as well as nuclear power District heating plants can provide higher efficiencies and better pollutio
84. ote Basement Walls are not considered when defining Underground Insulation Insulation material their properties are defined in the Building Shell Elements List Orientation xes Underground of the Structures panel Thickness Click the Underground Insulation button to bring up a dialog box of the same name For insulation material click the three dot button to access the Material Catalog the same one used to enter values in the U value calculator See U value Override 60 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner Select a material here whose thermal properties correspond to the underground insulation used in your building Enter a value for insulation thickness you must enter this data manually Advanced Handling of Underground Insulation In certain cases it is not easy to determine this thickness as the thermal current passes through more than one layer of thermal insulation floor on ground ar ve y E aM KS SS O y gt N a o X basement floor TEES SN 3 The user first of all should determine the critical thermal current which travels the path of least resistance through the least total thermal insulation considering the different properties of the various thermal insulation materials The detail above displays a frost resistant footing Joint to a floor on ground The floor has a 1 5m wide strip of thermal insulation around its perimeter to limit the thermal bridge effec
85. ow the numeric values are used to describe internal temperatures and heat gains for every hour of a workday and of a nonworking day Change these hourly values according to the specifications of the new activity then save the modified xml file The newly created building function will appear in the local drop down menu along with the matching internal target temperature and heat gain graphs Structures The second tab page of the EcoDesigner dialog box is Structures At the top the Model Review button brings up the Model Review Palette enabling you to manually fine tune the mark up sets generated by the Automatic Model Analysis See Model Review The rest of the Structures tab page enables you to visualize the information gathered by the Automatic Model Analysis and to input relevant information about the characteristics of your building structures divided into three main categories the Building shell elements these element types are listed in the main window of this tab page the Interior Structures you will define their general heat storage capacity the Underground structures you will define their insulation properties In addition the basic conditioned building geometry area and volume is displayed Each of these controls is described in the sections below 46 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner Building Shell Elements Building Shell elements are listed in groups all elements that
86. r radiation The amount of solar gain increases with the strength of the sun and with the ability of any intervening material to transmit or resist the radiation Objects struck by sunlight absorb the short wave radiation from the light and reradiate the heat at longer infrared wavelengths Where there is a material or substance such as glass between the sun and the objects struck that is more transparent to the shorter wavelengths than the longer then when the sun is shining the net result is an increase in temperature solar gain Note Solar gain Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia 14 May 2010 lt Attp en wikipedia org wiki Solar gain gt GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 19 Definitions Solar irradiation decreasing constants Shadows cast upon the building shell by external objects Fa ade Shadings Shading are taken into consideration in EcoDesigner by applying numeric reduction percentage values which may be set for each orientation individually Solar transmission The percentage of incident solar radiation transmitted by an object which includes the direct Solar Transmission plus the part of the Solar Absorption reradiated inward TST Total Solar Transmission divided by 100 equals Solar Heat Gain Coefficient SHGC or g value Space heating is a kind of heating using a self contained device for heating an enclosed area It is also known as a portable heater a room heater or an auxiliary heater Space heating
87. rgy Consumption by Targets Table Primary Energy values see Primary Energy Energy Source Consumption by Targets Bar Chart e Pie charts Energy Quantities by Targets Energy Costs by Targets CO2 Emission by Targets Energy Balance Excel Workbook Detailed energy quantity breakdown in spreadsheet format see Monthly Energy Balance Table Data Export to Passivhaus Energy Calculator Building model geometry and material data export to PHPP Spreadsheet see Export to PHPP e U value calculator to U Values e Structures to Areas Openings to Windows GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 9 Definitions Function Enhancements in EcoDesigner for ArchiCAD 15 Enhanced U value Override More accurate modeling in the preliminary design phase see U value Override More detailed substitute material property options Energy Source Options on the User Interface Easy application of local settings see Energy Source Factors e Primary energy factors e CO2 Emission factors Report Header Update Enhanced documentation see Report Header e Custom Evaluation Report Title e Project Name Displayed e Project File Name Displayed Definitions A Absorbance also called absorption factor attenuation coefficient The physical process of absorbing light This is a quantity that characterizes how easily a material or medium can be penetrated by a beam of light sound particles or other energy or matter A large attenuation coeffi
88. rtical lines as the borders of the shadow masks on elevations facing each orientation separately 42 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner lt Shading Name Average ID 2 icon 2 gt lt LimitTemperature gt 0 0 lt LimitTemperature gt lt LimitEffect gt 0 0 lt LimitEffect gt lt TotalShadeFactorReduction gt 0 0 lt TotalShadeFactorReduction gt lt DirectShadeFactorReduction gt 0 0 lt DirectShadeFactorReduction gt lt HorizontalUpperEdgeAngle gt 0 0 lt HorizontalUpperEdgeAngle gt lt HorizontalLowerEdgeAngle gt 0 0 lt HorizontalLowerEdgeAngle gt VerticalFinl Sidel Angle gt 30 0 lt VerticalFin1Sidel Angle gt lt VerticalFin 1 Side2 Angle gt 15 0 lt VerticalFin1Side2Angle gt lt VerticalFin2Sidel Angle gt 15 0 lt VerticalFin2Sidel Angle gt lt VerticalFin2Side2Angle gt 30 0 lt VerticalFin2Side2Angle gt lt HighestWindVelocity gt 0 0 lt HighestWindVelocity gt lt Shading gt Default values describing the shading effect of average elevation complexity Activity Select a predefined function for your building Activity Select primary Function of the building Depending on the building function you select the corresponding Temperature and Heat gain profile graphs are displayed below for your information Residential Residential Industrial 3 shifts Industrial 2 shifts Industrial 1 shift Performance space Parking space Service area GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 4
89. s EFS RHI AR e DARKO TARE ACHE TEE ORE IDAHO IS THA 64 ODEnTRES CAOS CE Er ai ooo 66 CUSTONUZING The OD CHINES CATA OG aue sce aceti ptr mee p SHE ror AAA ARANA pel E ER opes 67 MEP Systems and Energy 5 22 ebow eR VERD X b PE ORO ENGDUEE A CUP ER PEDE A EN VEA EE E 68 Enero Sonce rai A A AAA AA A EE EEE ES 68 Heating Type rra ira da ara pa aaa patio 69 GOOLE AV DS ras enc fe cee ie actrees Seah ee eee a er A DI EDU mE eM c D TE 70 Ventilation Type 3 ee eee ee ee 70 Hot Water Generation see rep dur RAN RRR E EENE OE E SEAN AR day ec ake big say ci it eater bic 71 Interior Lighting iae atR e AAA dd EERE RO eee ae PEARSE Re EERE quud 71 Energy Source Factors see dE EP ek RE WE LE Gee RN ORE RR oU A hae E deep ES 72 Enerey COSTS M A a A a A as 73 Green Enersy d o A Ae A eee G 74 Solar Collector AMA ce MPA Ane ita nc gah ac eae sig b ooo isan thc dn ds binned ado 75 Air to air energy recovery corsara aiok eA i aE he e e e e e e I e e I ll 75 IET Rerum 76 Export to PHPP zones oore RR Ai A di xb T SING BAP qM D pq RI AU eau 77 Export to VIPSEHeYBV cos vain 6 ese brpep e Pe ER p IL OV OEE ERLE Vd Wy A LER Ra eee eee E a 0 Function Buttons of the EcoDesigner Dialog Box oococcoccoccoo o 80 The VIPCore Calculation Engine 4 55 esecil rre rrr rer rr ePr re VE E Ur Tr es 80 Conditions for Starting the Evaluation 25 5slrk ak esris ist toni REA REX OPENGRAGWGG Ar 81 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 5 Contents Calculation Engine Spe
90. s of material change change in geometry change in construction For further info on thermal currents see also Linear thermal currents and Transmission GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 17 Definitions N Natural heating this Heating type option in EcoDesigner has been developed for warm climate countries where the annual energy required for heating is very low The installation of a heating system is not necessary if the fact that the internal air temperature drops below the prescribed level on a couple of chilly nights or mornings a year is tolerated by the inhabitants Set Heating type to natural in such cases for the calculation engine of EcoDesigner to assume that the external air is sufficient for heating purposes Natural heat source see Natural heating Natural ventilation is the process of supplying and removing air through an indoor space by natural means There are two types of natural ventilation in buildings wind driven ventilation and stack ventilation The pressures generated by the stack effect also known as buoyancy are quite low typical values 0 3 Pa to 3 Pa while wind pressures are usually far greater 1 Pa to 35 Pa The majority of buildings employing natural ventilation rely primarily on wind driven ventilation but stack ventilation has several benefits The most efficient design for a natural ventilation building should implement both types of ventilation Note Natural ventilation
91. t Relevant thermal currents are indicated by red arrows numbered 1 2 and 3 Even though currents 2 and 3 only pass through a single layer of thermal insulation they also need to travel through a thicker layer of soil Therefore current 1 represents the path of least thermal resistance For insulation thickness the sum of the horizontal floor perimeter thermal insulation and the thermal insulation on the footing d1 d2 must be entered This sum divided by the thermal conductivities of the insulation materials equals the thermal resistance of the analyzed detail EcoDesigner uses these resistance values and the vertical displacements indicated by Z on the detail above of the floors compared to the grade level see Grade Level to Project Zero of the project derived from the Grade level to project zero settings and the floors positions relative to Project Zero to determine the linear heat transmission coefficients at each different relevant detail GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 61 Working with EcoDesigner The model analysis function see Automatic Model Analysis calculates the perimeter lengths of each structure that is in contact with the ground marked with green and red lines on the axonometry above The matching linear heat transmission coefficients and length values are multiplied then eventually summed to obtain the effect of the most significant linear heat losses Openings The Openings tab page of the Eco
92. terialCatalog xml file The Floor Coverings group 58 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner Building Geometry Below the Building Shell Elements list of the Structures tab page the Conditioned area and the Building volume values are displayed These are calculated by the Automatic Model Analysis but you can edit them manually if needed see also Show Hide Building Volume Manual correction of the Building volume data generated by the Automatic Model Analysis may be necessary if the shape of the building is significantly different from the shape of the conditioned building volume e g the design includes many unconditioned spaces You can fix the Conditioned area and the Building volume values by clicking m ejus e on the lock icons next to them Pret D i Inaccurate element connections due to improperly constructed ArchiCAD models may produce open floor area polygons and as a result incorrect volumes may be generated by EcoDesigner In this case the user has two ways to obtain the correct data Fix the incorrect element connections of the ArchiCAD model then select the Reanalyze model function button on the Model Review palette Modify the value of the Building volume via numerical input on the Structures tab page of the EcoDesigner dialog box To do this the user must calculate the Conditioned floor area and Building volume manually A y 2 75
93. the Fuel button see Energy Source to define the source or multiple sources of energy used by the district cooling plant Heat pump for cooling Select this option if a heat pump will be installed to achieve cooling using sustainable energy Select the appropriate energy source groundwater sea soil external air or exhaust air from the dropdown list Note The Heat pump settings on the Green Energy tab page do not influence the Heat pump for cooling Ventilation Type Specify the type of ventilation used in the building then enter a value for the hourly air change rate This target value depends on national standards and will vary depending on the building s function and the local climate Natural ventilation involves no MEP systems natural air currents drive fresh air into the building and used air out of it From an ecological point of view natural ventilation is preferable to mechanical solutions but due to its limited controllability its use is largely limited to residential buildings For building functions other than residential the standards usually prescribe strict target air exchange values which necessitate a mechanical ventilation system of some sort Exhaust only systems rely on fans to extract used air from the rooms e Supply and exhaust systems mechanically control both the air intake and outlet procedure thus enabling the exact programming of the Air change per hour 70 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide
94. tions Depending on your choice the icons at the top of each list Shading Complexity Roof Canopy change in appearance to help you make the right selections Custom Facade Shadings Shadows cast upon the building shell by external objects Fa ade Shadings Shading are taken into consideration by applying solar irradiation decreasing constants which may be set for each orientation individually Default numeric reduction percentage values linked to different levels of external shading are stored in the DefaultValues xml file see Localized EcoDesigner Contents the XML Files lt DefaultValue Name ProjectData FacadeShading Shading NotShaded Value 5 gt lt DefaultValue Name ProjectData FacadeShading Shading SlightlyShaded Value 10 gt lt DefaultValue Name ProjectData FacadeShading Shading Shaded Value 15 gt lt DefaultValue Name ProjectData FacadeShading Shading VeryShaded Value 30 gt Solar irradiation reduction percentage default values The effect of shadows cast by projecting parts of the building shell on itself may be set by applying one of the predefined complexity profiles in the Fa ade Shadings dialog Data describing the different levels of elevation complexity are stored in the ShadingCatalog xml see Localized EcoDesigner Contents the XML Files Horizontal edge angles Facade Shadings Roof Canopy and vertical fin side angles Fa ade Shadings Complexity are used in pairs to define horizontal and ve
95. tions gt Work Environment gt Special Folders for every user Temporary Folder When ArchCAD is launched an EcoDesigner reference result file vdt format is copied into this folder automatically If an evaluation is carried out in EcoDesigner during the work session a resultant temporary vut file VIP Energy file format that may be opened by the StruSoft VIP Energy software for detailed analysis is saved here as well Both the vdt and the vut files are needed by EcoDesigner to produce the Energy Evaluation Report because the result file alone is meaningless without the reference data For more info on the vdt and vut files see Localized EcoDesigner Contents the XML Files The Temporary folder is also used to store the calculation error file err file format which contains information about the cause of failure in case of unsuccessful evaluation The climate xml file currently in use is also copied here from the Cache Folder Cache Folder Climate files coming from the EcoDesigner folder or from the online weather database are managed here GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 25 Working with EcoDesigner Working with EcoDesigner To be able to perform a successful evaluation with EcoDesigner you must create the virtual building model in ArchiCAD The more detailed the model the more accurate the calculation results will be For successful evaluation you should model at minimum the enveloping building stru
96. tions may produce open floor area polygons and as a result incorrect volumes may be generated by EcoDesigner In this case you should either fix the incorrect element connections of the ArchiCAD model or modify the value of the Building volume via numerical input on the Structures tab page of the EcoDesigner dialog box See Building Geometry 34 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner Customizing the Building Volume Display EcoDesigner is capable of displaying the actual model the volume calculation is based on D If the values are changed from 0 to 1 in the following lines of the DefaultValues xml file See Localized EcoDesigner Contents the XML Files turning on the originally disabled functions the subtraction of the respective structure types becomes visible on the 3D Building Volume lt DefaultValue Name EcoDesignerData CreateExtZones TrimRoofs Value 1 gt lt DefaultValue Name EcoDesignerData CreateExtZones TrimSlabs Value 1 gt lt DefaultValue Name EcoDesignerData CreateExtZones SubstractBeams Value 0 gt lt DefaultValue Name EcoDesignerData CreateExtZones SubstractColumns Value 0 gt lt DefaultValue Name EcoDesignerData CreateExtZones SubstractSlabs Value 0 gt lt DefaultValue Name EcoDesignerData CreateExtZones SubstractWalls Value 0 gt The lines of the DefaultValues xml that set the 3D building volume display Reanalyze Model Clic
97. tton to a activate a separate dialog with a list of those sides of the i building that receive the sunlight the list of Orientations can vary depending on project location Orientation Shading Complexity Roof Canopy ee Not shaded I Plain JE Southeast Not shaded Plain None For each orientation choose the options that best describe the amount of shading resulting from South Not shaded Plain None Southwest Not shaded Plain None West Not shaded Plain None External objects choose an option Not shaded uu Slightly shaded Shaded or Very shaded from the Shading column e Vertical shadow casting edges choose an option Plain Average or Complex from the Complexity column Horizontal shadow casting edges choose an option None Small or Large from the Roof Canopy column GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 41 Working with EcoDesigner The more complex the building elevation the more the building is self shaded and the less it is affected by direct sunlight It is possible to edit multiple entries of the Fagade Shadings list select an entry that needs to be modified and then add further entries to the selection by moving the pointer with the mouse without releasing the left mouse button or by clicking on the entries while pressing the CTRL or the SHIFT key Finally use the function buttons that appear by the first selected line to define Fa ade shading properties for the selected orienta
98. tures Structures in Contact with Ground Floors on Ground Basement Walls Basement Show volume Floors Re analyze model ack Co Ecobesigner On the Model Review palette click the eye icons open or shut to display or hide the elements belonging to each group Element groups in each of these broad categories are displayed on screen in the colors indicated on the Palette To change the color of any of these categories see Changing Mark Up colors 30 GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide Working with EcoDesigner Changing Mark Up Colors The Model Review palette is based upon ArchiCAD s Mark Up Palette using some of the applicable Mark Up functions in simplified form for EcoDesigner Therefore some settings of the Options gt Element attributes gt Mark Up Styles dialog box affect the appearance of the Model Review It is possible to alter the pen colors ArchiCAD uses to highlight the structure groups by changing the pens defined under Style Attributes in the Mark Up Styles dialog box Mark Up Styles kJ EcoDesigner Model Review Correction Elements Building structure types Style List Roofs amp Shell Slabs External Walls Collision Problematic F Floors on Ground Very Problematic lEcoDesigner Roofs amp Shell Slabs EcoDesigner Exterior Walls Basement Walls Basement Floors New Rename Delete Interior Structures Style Attributes as L
99. u does not appear automatically on PC double click on the Setup application in the CD root directory On MacOS The GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner for ArchiCAD 15 volume will be mounted on your desktop Open this volume and click the EcoDesigner Installer icon to start the Installation Wizard Program Folder Location After you accept the license agreement the program will locate the ArchiCAD folder on your computer s hard drive to which EcoDesigner will be installed This must be the folder of an installed ArchiCAD that is compatible with EcoDesigner Uninstall To uninstall EcoDesigner from a PC it is best to use the Add or Remove Programs utility accessible from the Control Panel Alternatively navigate to the Uninstall EcoDesigner folder in your ArchiCAD folder and select the Uninstaller application On MacOS navigate to the Uninstall EcoDesigner folder in your ArchiCAD folder and select the Uninstaller application Calculation Unit Settings EcoDesigner uses the calculation units defined by you in ArchiCAD at Options gt Project Preferences gt Calculation Units amp Rules Thus EcoDesigner uses the same units as the ArchiCAD Project to which it is applied GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 23 Getting Started With EcoDesigner An additional unit setting option is available at the Hot water generation section of the MEP Systems and Energy tab page see Hot Water Gener
100. uctivity Thermal Conductivity Openings Windows Openings on building shell entry Windows list entry combined each ArchiCAD opening individually Orientation Description Deviation from North Angle of Inclination from the Horizontal From ArchiCAD building model Window Rough Openings Width and Height From ArchiCAD building model Installed in Area in the Areas worksheet Note Openings are not listed one by one in EcoDesigner instead the data are totaled for the opening type and orientation However they are exported to PHPP individually GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 79 The VIPCore Calculation Engine Export to VIP Energy The Export to VIP Energy button activates the Export to VIP Energy dialog box which enables you to save all calculation input data in VIP Energy input file format vut The saved file can be opened by the StruSoft VIP Energy software for detailed energy analysis of the designed building Function Buttons of the EcoDesigner Dialog Box Two function buttons at the bottom of the EcoDesigner dialog box are displayed regardless which tab page is active The Start Evaluation button activates the calculation engine built into EcoDesigner see The VIPCore Calculation Engine The Close button brings up the Store Changes dialog box Store Changes e Ifyou click Don t store you will instantly exit EcoDesigner and none Of po you want to store your changed settings t
101. y recovery Note The Air to air recovery controls are available only if you have chosen a ventilation system that involves mechanical exhaust If your ventilation type is set to Natural see MEP Systems and Energy these controls are inactive and a warning appears informing the user that Air to air recovery requires installed mechanical ventilation An air to air energy recovery system can regain a percentage of the heat content of mechanically expelled ventilation alr If such a system is to be installed check the Air to air energy recovery box then choose the type of your air to air energy recovery system Fixed plate Rotary or Coil A fixed plate heat exchanger uses fixed metal plates to transfer heat between exhaust and fresh air flow without any moving parts Rotary heat exchangers provide a compact solution for heat recovery from exhaust air They require motors to turn the recovery wheel which transfers the heat from the exhaust air to the fresh air Coil the most common heat exchangers are called coils due to their usually serpentine internal tubing These use water glycol solution to recover heat from exhaust air Enter a percentage that approximates the system s anticipated efficiency value GRAPHISOFT EcoDesigner User Guide 75 Working with EcoDesigner Heat Pump If a heat pump system is planned check the Heat Pump box then specify the heat source The available options are Groundwater Sea Soil

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