Understanding Society: Ethnicity User Guide
Contents
1. Cantonese Somali and Arabic For all these languages interviews were carried out using the translation by either accredited bilingual interviewers or by accredited translators alongside the interviewer Where respondents spoke languages not available in these translations practice resorted to the use of bilingual interviewers or translators or household members translating on the fly for the respondent In fact use of translated interviews was in fact rather low which is consistent with the findings from other surveys In wave 1 out of 50 994 interviews 456 translated individual adult questionnaires were used i e around 0 8 9 HELP AND SUPPORT For further help make use the the Help pages for Understanding Society These also provide information on Frequently Asked Questions and the opportunity to ask your own questions at the User Forum which will be sent to those best placed to respond to them A series of training courses are offered to introduce new users to the data and deal with key issues of data manipulation and analysis It is expected that these will include a specialist ethnicity element following the development and release of the new Immigrant and Ethnic Minority Boost sample that is currently being recruited to enhance the long term analytical potential of the study 10 CITATION INFORMATION AND CREDITS Any publication whether printed electronic or broadcast based wholly or in part on the Understan2. Other Asian Backgroud Other Black Background Any Other Ethnic group PDefined as White British English Scottish Welsh Northern Irish Finally Tables 6a 6c show the response outcomes among wave one adult interview respondents across all four waves by ethnic group religion and country of birth Cell sizes smaller than 50 are not shown to avoid disclosure These tables inform users of the expected sample sizes for their analyses based on ethnicity related issues where ethnicity may be measured by Census ethnic groups religion and or country of birth Table 6a Response outcomes among wave one adult interview respondents across 4 waves by ethnic grou 1 full interview 0 non interview including proxy interview Position indicates wave number For example 1110 indicates full adult interview in wave 1 2 and 3 but not in in wave 4 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 White British English Scottish 6471 215 384 985 3909 925 2819 20212 Welsh Northern Irish White Irish 139 i 94 78 358 Any other white background 440 2 i 198 2 109 592 Mixed 222 hi 94 70 395 Indian 523 5 80 248 71 150 775 Pakistani 371 4 70 171 71 148 550 Bangladeshi 356 gt 57 151 64 96 341 Chinese 115 i i 52 111 Caribbean 302 7 131 j 107 497 African 446 a 5 61 236 2 142 469 Arab 94 h h 87 Other ethnic groups 293 132 E 85 396 Includes those who reported their ethnic group as Roma or Irish Travelle
3. Understanding Society incorporates an exceptionally rich and varied range of measures to capture different dimensions of ethnicity and ethnic group identity namely 1 ONS Census single category questions on ethnic group See further the detail on the ONS page Developing an ethnic self identification categorical question is a major challenge In addition to standard survey design issues such as question wording the design of such a question requires a fine balancing act between trying to get consistent reliable measures of ethnic identity and capturing people s perception of their own ethnic identity The response categories need to be meaningful acceptable and consistent so that people will be able to respond to them in expected and predictable ways The ONS question represents a national level attempt to provide such a simple single category solution While it is subject to some level of critique it is widely used across government and other surveys as well as administrative sources and hence provides an important point of reference for and comparison See further the documents relating to the recommended questions here 4 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide 2 National identity multiple response As with the implementation of the ONS ethnic group question in the 2011 Census Understanding Society includes the multiple response national identity question that was asked directly before the ethnic group question The
4. or any other OSM at the survey wave following the child s birth Members of an enumerated household eligible for inclusion in the Ethnic Minority Boost sample at Wave 1 who are not from a qualifying ethnic minority group are also considered to be TSMs this was the only category of TSM at Wave 1 PSM Any TSM father of an OSM child born after Wave 1 and observed to be co resident with the child at the survey wave following the child s birth is considered to be a PSM 4 SPECIFIC CONTENT 4 1 EXTRA FIVE MINUTES QUESTIONS Given the importance of the ethnicity strand of Understanding Society to the study as a whole and the potential for addressing specific research interests in a way that had not been possible since the Fourth National Survey of Ethnic Minorities in 1993 4 it was determined from the outset to collect an extra five minutes worth of questions for specific topics of interest for ethnicity research Of particular priority were those areas which would enable longitudinal research on pertinent topics 10 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide However extra questions add to respondent burden and overall survey costs and specialist questions could not be fielded across the whole sample hence it was decided that these would be asked of a sub sample which would allow comparative analysis We refer to this as the Extra Five Minute sample which is described further below The topics to be carried and addressed
5. question from any of the listed ethnic minority groups Ethnicity of 3 w_netet Ethnic group of best All Wave 3 best friends friend s UK 2001 self Census Ethnic group version completion Ethnicity of w_simrace Proportion of friends that All Wave 3 friends are of the same ethnic group as respondent Notes BHPS sample members were asked in wave 18 the harmonized version is available in xwavedat file gt For all country of brith variables those who report other country are asked to name those countries and these have been coded later Variables that include the names of the other countries have a suffix _all and are available in the Special License version of the data Coding frame is different from Census Ethnic Group question w_racel Coding frame is different from Census Ethnic Group question w_racel The exact question and the response options are included in Address Record Form ARF EMB Defined as those who choose White British English Scottish Welsh Northern Irish as their ethnic group For those carrying out analysis of those answer the Extra Five Minutes the extra five minute sample can be identified by the flag w_xtra5min We discuss the related issues of weighting for the different samples next The EMB sample and the GP samples can be distinguished using the flag w_hhorig or hhorig However analysis should not be carried out separately on the EMB since the weights are not estimated for t
6. GP sample living in areas that would not have been eligible for inclusion in the wave 1boost screening areas on the basis that they did not have sufficient concentraitons of the target ethnic minority groups These areas are referred to as low density areas and hence this sample is referred to as EM LDA sample This status became fixed at the individual level after wave 1 All OSM members of EMB and GPC samples and anyone co resident with them are eligible for the extra five minute questions at each wave At wave 1 only the EM LDA sample members were eligible for the extra five minute questions but from wave 2 onwards anyone co resident with them were also eligible 12 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide 5 RESPONSE AND ATTRITION The Wave 1 survey fieldwork started on 8 January 2009 and ended on the 7 March 2011 including the re issue period In total interviews were achieved in 30 169 households 26 089 in the General Population Sample 4 080 in the Ethnic Minority Boost sample full or proxy interviews with 50 994 individuals 43 674 in the General Population Sample and 7 320 in the Ethnic Minority Boost sample Tables 3a and 3b below present the household response rates for Wave one The individual response rates are for responding households only In wave 1 household response rates are around 60 for the GP samples Refusal rates are much higher in wave 1 than non contact rates The relatively lower household re
7. The naming convention followed in Understanding Society is that all wave specific variables and data files have a wave specific prefix a signifies wave one b signifies wave two and so on While most variables and data files are wave specific there are 16 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide some which are not Such variables and data files do not have the wave prefix For example the cross wave unique identifier pido has no wave prefix but the main activity status variable at each one is named a_jbstat b_jbstat at wave two and so on Similarly the data file that stores information from adult interviews in wave one is named a_indresp while the data file that stores time invariant variables such as country of birth ethnic group sex is named xwavedat Also note the suffix _dv signifies the variable was derived by data managers Table 7 File names and content File name File content w_indresp Data from adult interviews based on individual questionnaire including proxy telephone and self completion questionnaires w_indall Enumeration and household grid information on all household members includign children and non responding adults w_hhresp Data from household interviews based on household questionnaire xwavedat Basic time invariant variables w_youth Data from youth interviews based on youth self completion questionnaires 6 2 KEY VARIABLES FOR ETHNICITY RESEARCH As noted above research
8. beginning of wave 1 ofUnderstanding Society even if they are not in the EMB THE ETHNIC MINORITY BOOST SAMPLE The EMB sample includes sufficient sample sizes of different ethnic groups allows analysis separately by ethnic groups THE GENERAL POPULATION COMPARISON SAMPLE To allow comparative anlaysis with the White majority defined as those who choose White British English Scottish Welsh Northern Irish as their ethnic group group the Extra Five Minutes questions were also asked of a random sub sample of the GP Sample referred to as the General Population Comparison GPC sample The GPC includes one sampled address from 40 per cent of the selected postal sectors in the Great Britain component GPS In other words of the 2 640 general population sectors 60 per cent of them 1 584 contain 18 GPS addresses and the other 40 per cent contain 17 GPS addresses and one GPC address The persons in these households were designated as members of the GPC sample regardless of ethnic group membership THE ETHNIC MINORITY IN LOW ETHNIC MINORITY DENSITY AREA SAMPLE Existing studies have shown impact of the composition and quality of residential neighborhoods on various life outcomes The EMB sample was drawn from high ethnic minority concentration areas and as a result any anlaysis based on the EMB and GPC samples would not be representative of the experience of all ethnic minorities It was therefore decided to include ethnic minorities from the
9. birth ethnic group etc 7 Ethnicity of associates Social understandings of ethnicity and its behavioural and social conception or implications are assisted by measures that identify ethnicity of friends and networks 5 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide Such measures that also identify other characteristics of friendship networks are therefore available 8 Harassment and discrimination The salience of ethnicity and ethnic group identity has been linked to the boundaries that are set up to exclude those regarded as other Hence measurement of experience of ethnically based discrimination or harassment can provide insight into how 9 Religion and language Measures that may be associated with particular ethnic or national origins or be used in construction with them are also of value in enabling researchers to operationalise ethnic group constructs that are of most interest to them Of these religion enabling the construction of ethno religious groups is a key measure that Understanding Society language is also embedded in constructions of ethnicity and minority status Some additional information on these variables including variable names and when asked is provided further below Overall Understanding Society furnishes researchers with a large repertoire of ethnicity related questions to enable them to carry out analysis according to the framework of their discipline and research questions These hav
10. of over 4 000 households Along with the ethnic minorities in the main sample this boost sample enables detailed analysis of and comparison across individual ethnic groups We discuss the design and implications for analysis of the inclusion of the boost sample further below Second qustionnaire content that was salient for research into ethnicity and comparisons across ethnic groups was collected in the main questionnaire subject to an extensive consultation process For example questions on country of birth of the respondent their parents and grandparents were collected of all respondents in the first survey and questions on health and wellbeing which are of great interest to ethnicity researchers as well as to others are also collected of all respondents in annual interviews Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide Third an additional five minutes of question time was allocated to a sub sample of respondents in order to capture questions of specific interest for ethnicity research in particular research relating to the experience of ethnic minorities in the UK The coverage and implications for analysis of the extra five minutes sample are discussed further below 2 STUDYING ETHNICITY IN A LONGITUDINAL HOUSEHOLD PANEL SURVEY Understanding Society brings an unprecedented opportunity to study issues of continuity and change within and across the UK s ethnic groups It will enable analysis of inequalities and of transitions ov
11. where the sample size for both groups is the same 100 This means that the sampling fractions are different 0 10 and 0 20 Table 9 Illustration of impact of not accounting for differential selection probabilities Group A Group B Population size 1000 500 Earnings 30 15 Sample1 Sample size 100 50 Sampling fraction 0 10 0 10 Weights 10 10 Sample 2 Sample size 100 100 Sampling fraction 0 10 0 20 Weights 10 5 If the mean earnings of Group A is 30 and that of Group B is 15 then the population 1000 X 30 500 X15 37500 Similarly the sample mean of sample 1 is 25 but that of sample 2 is 22 5 In other words unequal selection probability along with systematic difference in earnings across the two groups results in a biased estimate of the mean population earnings based on sample mean of sample 2 Weights are computed as inverse of the selection probabilities and so weighted 100X30X10 500 X 15 X 5 sample mean for sample 2 r po a 25 These are differences resulting from the design of the sample There are also differences in response both at wave 1 and over time that can affect the representativeness of the sample These also need to be adjusted for by appropriate weights and the available weights include the combined adjustment for both design and non response attrition 20 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide To illustrate the role of weights in producing population estimates the weighted an
12. 00 Turkish 100 Far eastern 30 Middle eastern 30 Fractions for assignments issued in 2010 65 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 Source Berthoud et al 2009 Table 1b Number of households reporting at least one household member or their arents or grandparents come from different ethnic group Indian 2303 Mixed Indian 234 Pakistani 1645 Bangladeshi 955 Sri Lankan 265 Caribbean West Indian 1785 Mixed Caribbean West Indian 491 North African 187 Black African 1730 African Asian 93 Chinese 451 Far Eastern 402 Turkish 224 Middle Eastern Iranian 463 Note some households reported members from more than one ethnic group and so these numbers will not add up to all the households in the EMB sample screened in Once selected the sample was treated as per the General Population Sample The overall sampling fractions combine a the probability of sampling the sector b the fraction of addresses selected within the sector and c the probability of a Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide household being retained following the application of the random selection mechanism described above 3 3 SAMPLE STATUS AND FOLLOWING RULES Following rules determine whether specific household members should be asked to be interviewed in the next wave The purpose of these following rules is to make sure that the study continues to be representative of the original sample selected in 2009 10 and the
13. 5 of the sectors in Great Britain It covers between 82 and 93 of the population of the five ethnic minority groups in the UK The 3 145 sectors were sorted into four strata based on the expected number of ethnic minority households that would be identified by the sampling and screening procedures see Berthoud et al 2009 for details All sectors were included for the stratum where a yield of three or more households was expected In the other three strata sectors were sub sampled at rates of 1 in 4 1 in 8 or 1 in 16 respectively 7 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide This was done to constrain the number of sectors that might have just one or two eligible sample households or even none The total number of postal sectors selected for inclusion in the Ethnic Minority Boost sample was 771 Of these 6 were in Scotland 7 were in Wales and the remaining 758 were in England with a concentration in London 412 sectors Note that the geographic concentration of ethnic minority populations influences the distribution of selected postal sectors from which the EMB was sampled The number of addresses selected per postal sector ranged from 15 to 103 Sampling fractions varied across the sectors in a way designed to deliver target numbers of respondents in each target ethnic minority group with adequate statistical efficiency see Berthoud et al 2009 for more details In sectors selected for both the General Population Sample compon
14. 6 South Africa 95 76 15 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide Jamaica 228 159 Other country 1801 1073 Denotes number of observations is less than 50 While response is somewhat lower within the EMB than across the sample as a whole both at wave 1 and over time analysis of rates of attrition across non UK born suggests that it is largely the characteristics of the EMB other than their ethnic group that increase the risks across the sample overall for example being younger being more mobile being more likely to live in London that are resulting in this differential attrition 6 DATA FILES AND QUESTION COVERAGE 6 1 DATA STRUCTURE NAMING CONVENTIONS We recommend the Understanding Society User Guide Knies 2014 for discussion of data structure variable names etc Here we give a brief overview of the main elements and some key variables Interviewers first attempt to get some basic information such as age sex main activity status about all household members enumeration grid Next they attempt to conduct a household interview using the household questionnaire with an adult who is informed about the household which is genrally the person who owns or rents the accommodation or if more than one such person then the eldest of them Next the interviewer attempts to interview all adults face to face defined as being 16 years or older in the household All adults are asked the same set of questions but those who ar
15. Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide UNDERSTANDING SOCIETY UK HOUSEHOLD LONGITUDINAL STUDY USER GUIDE TO ETHNICITY RESEARCH Stephanie McFall Alita Nandi Lucinda Platt Institute for Social and Economic Research University of Essex Colchester Essex Version 1 December 2014 Understanding Society THE UK HOUSEHOLD LONGITUDINAL STUDY Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide CONTENTS Understanding Society UK Household Longitudinal Study User Guide to ethnicity researche E EA Ea 1 1 Overview of the study ssssesseneeeessssseennnnrreeettttttnnttrserrttttnnrtnneerrttntnnnnneeeeenenn tae 3 2 Studying ethnicity in a longitudinal household panel Survey ssseeeeeeeeeees 4 3 Sample design for surveying ethnic minorities 2 0 0 2 eee eee eeeeetee eee e eee eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 6 3 1 Understanding society sample design seeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaees 6 3 2 Ethnic Minority Boost sample cis csistescicteie interstate tiginlaticla a tielal aula attest 7 3 3 Sample status and following rules 0 ceeeeceeceeeeee eee eeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeees 10 A SPECIE COMUCI arate ech oe ei ha ene es che eh heh ane Shee tae ae 10 4 1 Extra Five Minutes questions ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeaeeeeeeeeeeenees 10 How to identify the extra five minutes QUESTIONS ceeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeeeteees 11 4 2 The Extra Five Minutes sample cic s
16. allows outcomes across immigrant generation to be tracked it also enables researchers to relate ethnic identity to associations with countries outside the UK or to construct measures of ethnicity that combine information from across these different sources on heritage Moreover they can also relate measures of respondent s ethnic group or country of birth or parental country of birth to measures of parents father s and if different mother s ethnic group that are also included 5 Strength of British identity and of identification with parental ethnicity There is an extensive and developing literature on identification of minority groups with both majority and minority identities and how this relates to constructs of ethnic group and of relationship to the majority society For those interested in such issues there are measures of strength of British identity and strength of identification with parents ethnicity 6 Measures of identity belonging to and pride in domains of ethnic identity To better understand how identity is expressed and experienced at different points in the life course and in relation to ethnic a suite of questions are included in Understanding Society that tap not only into ethnic group which may potentially primarily affect ascribed rather than owned ethnicity a series of questions tap into different psychological dimensions of identity pride belonging etc across a series of domains country of
17. ame in a multilingual context One of the key insights from this literature is that consideration of the need to translate the instrument may have implications for the initial design of the questionnaire and questions For example questions will need to be as simple and clear as possible a question with ambiguous wording will not be a useful question in the original language and is likely to be an even less useful question once translated 22 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide It is important to acknowledge that whilst the language in a question may be quite simple it is also very specific The language of the question should be free of jargon or slang or if these are used then a note for the translators should be written which sets out in more detail the concept the word is being used to convey At the same time in the translation process there has to be careful attention to the principles behind questions and response categories in the original Response categories are used as a tool of measurement and so are carefully chosen so as to be neutral with symmetrical response categories Any translation procedure will need to ensure that those doing the translation are aware of this In terms of the translation process there are a variety of practices Best practice is often regarded to be represented by the approach used in the European Social Survey and their TRAPD Translation Review Adjudication Pretesting and Documentat
18. ampling fraction was not 100 per cent for all ethnic groups but differed across ethnic groups according to the sample design stage see Berthoud et al 2009 In other words not every household that included someone with an ethnic minority background was chosen A review after six months concluded that sampling fractions for all groups had to be increased and additional addresses had to be screened for Bangladeshi members to reach the target As a result for most groups the sampling fractions were increased to 100 per cent The only exception was Indians who would otherwise have been sampled in sufficiently large numbers that they would have dominated the overall boost sample and hence undermined attainment of the target sizes for the other target groups Table 1a shows the selection fractions by ethnic groups The distribution of ethnic groups reported by households in response to the screener is shown in Table 1b As some households include members from Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide different ethnic groups these numbers will not add up to all the households in the EMB sample screened in Table 1a Secondary screening retention fractions Main Sub group Fraction for assignments category issued in 2009 Indian Indian non mixed 50 Mixed Indian 100 Pakistani Pakistani 54 Bangladeshi Bangladeshi 100 Caribbean Caribbean non mixed 91 Mixed Caribbean 100 African African 82 Other Sri Lankan 100 eae Chinese 1
19. asked of the whole adult sample and would be on 4 year rotation Additionally there are some modules in which most of the questions are asked of the whole sample and a few extra questions in that module are only asked of the Extra Five Minutes sample For example the Best Friends module asked in Wave 3 self completion questionnaire HOW TO IDENTIFY THE EXTRA FIVE MINUTES QUESTIONS In the questionnaires these questions can be identified by searching for this description of the Universe refers to those who are eligible for a particular question 11 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide If HHGRID EMBoost 1 HHGRID GPCompare 1 HHGRID LDA 1 amp ETHNICITYANDNATIONALIDENTITY RACEL gt 4 amp ETHNICITYANDNATIONALIDENTITY RACEL lt 98 Ethnic Minority Boost or General population comparison sample or LDA and any non white background The text identifies the different components of the overall sample who receive the questions as we go on to discuss next 4 2 THE EXTRA FIVE MINUTES SAMPLE The Extra Five Minute Sample consists of three components the Ethnic Minority Boost EMB sample the General Population Comparison sample the Ethnic minority in Low Density Area sample In addition many of the questions in particular those where responses might be expected to change most quickly among more recent immigrants are asked of all recent immigrants that is those who immigranted within the three years prior to the
20. ce over 24 months except for Northern Ireland where it takes place over 12 months Each monthly sample of the GB part of Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide the GP sample is a random sub sample but that is not the case for the other samples At wave 1 the GPS had a sample size of approximately 26 000 participating households e The former BHPS sample became a part of the UKHLS at Wave 2 It has all members from the BHPS sample who were still active at Wave 18 of the BHPS and who had not refused consent to be issued as part of the Understanding Society sample It should be noted that the BHPS sample itself has multiple components a nationally representative sample of addresses in Great Britain south of the Caledonian Canal in 1990 boost samples of Scotland and Wales added in 1999 and a boost sample of Northern Ireland addresses added in 2001 For further details of the BHPS sample see section IV of the BHPS User Guide The BHPS sample data collection takes place over 12 months for each wave At wave 2 of the UKHLS the BHPS sample had a sample size of approximately 6 600 participating households e Ethnic minority boost sample EMB like the main sample is collected over a 24 month surver period for each wave The design is described further below At wave one the EMB comprised approximately 4 000 participating households For all sample components once addresses were selected up to 3 dwelling units at each address were randoml
21. ctjeccsectcceet ences toetsustectsce terceet aloes ceria 12 The Ethnic Minority Boost sample ia c2i e nancies aetsre2 state terne2ceet kareiat ghee teteeeers 12 The General Population Comparison Sample ccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeees 12 The Ethnic Minority in Low Ethnic Minority Density Area sample 6 12 5 Response and attrition 2c nic sates ected add att ena eela cidleiiei cadet Moines 13 6 Data files ANd QUESTION coverage eeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneaaeeeeeeeeeeeteeenenteeeeeeeees 16 6 1 Data structure naming CONVENTIONS cccccccececceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 16 6 2 Key variables for ethnicity research eeeeeeeeccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeees 17 7 Issues for analysis sample design non response weighting ceeeeee 19 7 1 Why use WEIOIMS 2 fastcctt chicas tke is telat te decides ect etek a hlanhtda ts dade debtcmbt tals cad scne 19 7 2 Available weights ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeaaeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeaaees 21 7 3 Sample design variables and analySiS c cc ecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaees 22 8 Approach to translation and language ccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeennneaeeeeeeees 22 OAGID ANG SUDD OM aii costes atom dosed catieni datas da dion dons Houta ted jalan fain Moise baby 24 10 Citation information and credits i ccccisctetncietcietieeteaccienaletcieteieathevatat
22. d unweighted estimates of ethnic group distribution of adults living in England are shown in Table 10 The 2011 UK Census distribution is also shown As is clear in most cases the weighted estimates are closer to the Census distribution than the unweighted estimates Table 10 Ethnic group of residents of England UK Understanding Society 2011 Wave 1 2009 10 Census weighted unweighted White English Welsh Scottish Northern Irish British 81 1 85 6 72 7 Irish 1 1 1 4 0 8 Gypsy or Irish Traveller 0 1 0 0 0 0 Other White 4 8 3 6 3 1 Mixed multiple ethnic group White and Black Caribbean 0 5 0 3 0 8 White and Black African 0 2 0 1 0 3 White and Asian 0 4 0 2 0 4 Other Mixed 0 4 0 2 0 4 Asian Asian British Indian 2 6 2 4 4 6 Pakistani 1 7 1 3 3 5 Bangladeshi 0 7 0 5 2 8 Chinese 0 8 0 4 0 7 Other Asian 1 5 0 7 1 3 Black African Caribbean Black British African 1 6 1 2 3 4 Caribbean 1 1 0 8 2 8 Other Black 0 4 0 1 0 2 Other ethnic group Arab 0 4 0 2 0 4 Any other ethnic group 0 6 0 9 1 7 7 2 AVAILABLE WEIGHTS The weighting strategy is described in Lynn and Kaminska 2010 The underlying logic of weighting is to take account of unequal selection probabilities e g different probabilities of selection in the EMB sample and the NI part of the GP sample and differential nonresponse by assigning higher weights to those with lower selection probabilities and lower response propens
23. dentalant ancients 24 Citation of this Guide seeeeeeeeeeeeenneeeeeserttttrnnnrrsserrtrntnnnnenstrrtnnnnnnnnneernnn nenn 25 11 Additional links coke cte ates Neo Nh tee Nee Nec Nee ee Ne Ne ae he 25 W2 Referenco Sinn A RD N A N cn 26 13 Ethnicity and migration research using Understanding Society 00 27 Journal articles and Working papers ccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenneeeeeeeeees 27 BOOK chapters and reports so sazxatscetaaeptet cans ecateeas setetee tae sees 27 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide 1 OVERVIEW OF THE STUDY This guide provides an introduction to carrying out ethnicity related research with Understanding Society It is intended to complement other documentation providing support and guidance on the study Understanding Society the UK Household Longitudinal Study UKHLS is a large longitudinal survey of households in the United Kingdom England Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland Members of households recruited at the first round of data collection are visited one year later to collect information on changes to their household and individual circumstances Understanding Society is funded by the Economic and Social Research Council with additional support from multiple government departments The scientific leadership team is from the Institute for Social and Economic Research ISER of the University of Essex the University of Warwick and the London School of Econom
24. ding Society data collection provided by the UK Data Service must be accompanied by the correct citation of the data as provided by an appropriate bibliographic citation For example the format for bibliographic references for the first four waves of Understanding Society is as follows The University of Essex Institute for Social and Economic Research and National Centre for Social Research Understanding Society Wave 1 4 2009 2013 computer file 6th Edition Colchester Essex UK Data Service distributor December 2014 SN 6614 http dx doi org 10 5255 UKDA SN 6614 6 All publications must also acknowledge the Institute for Social and Economic Research as the data provider and the UK Data Service as the data distributor The acknowledgement which gives credit to sponsors or distributors is not a replacement for a proper citation of the data 24 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide CITATION OF THIS GUIDE This ethnicity user guide should be cited as McFall S Nandi A and Platt L 2014 Understanding Society UK Household Longitudinal Study User Guide to Ethnicity Research Colchester University of Essex This constitues the first edition of this Ethnicity Guide Subsequent updates will be provided as additional relevant information is identified In particular there will be a new edition to cover the additional issueS presented by the addition of a new Immigrant and Ethnic Minority Boost IEMB sample which
25. disadvantaged areas in all four countries and high ethnic minority concentration areas in England The first interview with the main carer were conducted during 2001 03 Since then interviews have been conducted every few years and the children themselves were interviewed for the first time in 2014 See here e Labour Force Survey is a survey of adults living in the UK and has a rotating panel design There is no ethnic minority boost sample but given its large sample size of around 57 000 households the sample of ethnic minority sample members is relatively large and pooled waves of the study have been extensively used for ethnicity and immigration research See here e British General Election Studies 1997 Ethnic Minority Survey and the British Election Study Ethnic Minority Survey 2010 EMBES are part of a 25 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide series of election surveys These surveys are repeated cross sectional individual surveys which collect information to understand change in political beliefs and voting patterns In 1997 and 2010 supplementary surveys to the main British Election Studies aimed to cover ethnic minorities respondents were carried out The 2010 EMBES can be found here e Health Survey for England is a repeated cross sectional household surveys which started in 1991 and included ethnic minority boost samples from 1999 to 2004 See here e Crime Survey of England and Wales is a repeated cross sectional su
26. ds General population sample Ethnic minority Great Northern boost sample Britain Ireland Total Adult individual interview rate 82 0 77 3 81 8 72 4 proxy interview rate 87 3 80 8 87 0 79 24 Refusal rate 8 0 11 0 8 2 12 2 Non contact rate 4 7 8 2 4 8 8 6 All enumerated adults 47 615 2 584 50 199 9 237 Youth response rate 77 2 73 1 77 0 62 9 13 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide Youth refusal rate 22 8 26 9 23 0 37 1 All enumerated youths 4 900 290 5 190 1 437 All enumerated children 8 082 477 8 559 2 687 All enumerated individuals 60 597 3 351 63 948 13 361 Table 5 shows the number of adult wave one interviews achieved by ethnic group and sample including extra five minute sample Table 5 Adult wave one interviews by ethnic group and sample EMB sample GP Sample Total Extra five minute sample African 925 480 1405 987 Caribbean 770 349 1 119 806 Bangladeshi 950 176 1 126 967 Indian 1079 818 1 897 1 210 Pakistani 940 495 1 435 977 Five target ethnic groups 4664 2318 6 982 4 947 Arab 89 83 172 113 Chinese 191 127 318 239 Mixed 417 405 822 536 White Irish 22 695 720 25 Any other white background 125 1 253 1 378 156 Other ethnic groups 653 755 1 408 888 All ethnic minority groups 6 161 5 639 6 982 1 957 White majority 513 35 368 35 881 1 246 Total 6674 41 007 47 681 8 150 Includes those who reported their ethnic group as Roma or Irish Traveller
27. e been discussed in relation to how they are linked to construction of ethnicity ethnic group itself Clearly many measures such as harassment or identity can also be investigated to the extent that they are associated with different ethnic groups along with the other rich set of multi topic measures carried across the study full questionnaires for each of the waves to date are available on the Understanding Society web pages 3 SAMPLE DESIGN FOR SURVEYING ETHNIC MINORITIES 3 1 UNDERSTANDING SOCIETY SAMPLE DESIGN Understanding the sample design is important for any research using Understanding Society data including ethnicity research The Understanding Society sample has multiple components The design of all components is described in more detail in two Understanding Society working papers Lynn 2009 Berthoud et al 2009 e The General Population Sample consists of two separate samples of residential addresses one for Great Britain that is England Scotland and Wales and another one for Northern Ireland The Great Britain sample is a proportionately stratified equal probability clustered sample of addresses selected from the Postcode Address File The Northern Ireland sample has an unclustered systematic random sample of addresses selected from the Land and Property Services Agency list of domestic addresses with selection probability which is twice from that of the Great Britain sample Interviewing for the main sample takes pla
28. e members of the extra five minute sample are asked some additional questions see Section If someone is not available and gives permission for someone else in the household such as their partner or adult children to answer on their behalf then that person is asked a shorter individual questionnaire which includes some factual questions but not attitudinal or subjective ones Those who complete an adult face to face interview are asked to complete a self completion questionnaire Young persons that is those between the ages of 10 15 are asked to complete the youth self completion questionnaire Children below age 10 are not directly interviewed although some information about them is collected from time to time from their parents or responsible adults Since the second wave the surviving BHPS sample were incorporated into Understanding Society Around 500 BHPS households had opted for telephone interviews and they continue to be interviewed by telephone in Understanding Society The telphone adult questionnaire is the same as the face to face adult questionnaire As Understanding Society is a household panel survey providing all the data ina single flat file is not very effcient Instead different sets of files are provided for each wave At each wave data from adult individual interviews are stored in one file while responses from household questionnaire are stored in another file Details of all files provided at each wave are shown in Table 7
29. elat w_racelbt w_racelot_code racel_bh 2001 UK Census ethnic BHPS Asked in BHPS group before 2009 race_bh 1991 UK Census ethnic BHPS Asked in BHPS group before 2009 w_racel_dv Combined ethnic group All 17 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide derived Religion w_oprlg1 w_nirel Religion belong to Repeated First w_oprlgOni Religion brought up in asked wave 1 w_oprlgO asked if does not belong See Table 2 for to a religion rotation Table 8 Key variables for ethnic group measurement and ethnicity analysis continued Question Variable Name Desription Sample Wave asked In Own country of w_ukborn Whether born in All First interviewed birth England Scotland Wales Northern Ireland or non UK country w_plbornc Which specific country if All w_plbornc_all born outside UK Parents and w_macob Mother s country or birth All Wave one grandparents W macoball countries of w_pacob Fathers country of birth All birth w_pacob_all w_mgmrob Maternal grandmothers All w_mgmrob all country of birth w_mgprob Maternal grandfather s All w_mgprob_all country of birth Ww_pgmrob Paternal grandmother s All w_pgmrob_all country of birth W_pgprob Paternal grandfather s All w_pgprob_all country of birth Parent s Ethnic w_maid Mother s ethnic group All Wave 1 roup w_paid Father s ethnic group All Strength of Strength of id
30. ent and the Ethnic Minority Boost sample a single systematic sample of the required total number of addresses was selected so there was allocation to spread the EMB and GPS throughout the whole sector Once the dwelling unit and household was selected the final stage of sampling was screening conducted by the interviewers The Understanding Society Wave 1 Project Instructions for interviewers outlines the procedures As a result the Address Record Forms for the EMB sample were different from those used with the General Population Sample Within each household in each selected address rather than all resident persons becoming sample members there were two additional steps 1 A screen was carried out to identify whether there were any persons who were from any of the specified minority ethnic groups in the household The household member answering the screening question was asked Does anyone living at this address come from or have parents or grandparents from any of the following ethnic groups The ethnic groups that they could choose from were Indian Mixed Indian Pakistani Bangladeshi Sri Lankan Caribbean West Indian Mixed Caribbean West Indian North African Black African African Asian Chinese Far Eastern Turkish Middle Eastern Iranian AND None of these 2 If the response was anything other than None of these then the household had a positive selection probability sampling fraction At the outset the s
31. entification If w_racel Wave 1 identification w_smaid with mother s ethnic is not with parents group if different from White father s ethnic group majority ethnic group w_spaid Strength of identification with father s ethnic group Language Mot w_kidlang The main language that All Wave 2 was spoken at home nertongue during childhood Ethnic identity w_ethid Whether own country Extra 5 Repeated First own language parents minutes asked wave two cob if different from own See Table 2 for etc are important to your rotation sense of who you are w_ethclose Whether feel happy to Extra 5 meet someone from minutes same country as own etc w_pride Pride in own country of Extra 5 birth etc minutes National w_natid1 w_natid6 Whether national identity All First interviewed i i w_natid97 is English Scottish identity Welsh Northern Irish British Irish Other code all that apply 18 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide Britishness w_britid How important is being Extra five Repeated First British to the respondent minutes asked wave 1 See Table 2 for rotation Table 8 Key variables for ethnic group measurement and ethnicity analysis continued Question Variable Name Description Sample Wave covered asked in Ethnic minority Whether anyone living at Screened Prior to Wave boost sample the eee ra households 1 fieldwork comes from or have avon parents or grandparents
32. er time are different or similar or lead to different or similar outcomes for those of differente ethnic backgrounds It will enable policy makers and researchers to understand better the complexity of the current population and to identify those factors that drive inequalities Nevertheless studying ethnicity in survey research brings a number of challenges The concept of ethnicity is contested and its definition and operationalisation varies across disciplines Moreover there are distinctions in the extent to which researchers and analysts adopt essentialist attitudes to ethnicity or regard ethnic groups as proxying for other factors or collections of factors that are currently unmeasured See further the discussion in Burton et al 2010 The concept of ethnicity can be approached in a number of ways For example it can be understood as commonality within a group or as differences from other groups Its multifaceted nature makes measurement using a single measure challenging and yet that is often what is available to researchers Researchers bring their own agendas to the topic while social psychologists may be interested in understanding individuals identity sociologists may be interested in social stratification and the role of ethnicity within that Other social and health scientists may be primarily interested in the role of immigration in shaping individuals outcomes and trajectories in the country of destination As a result
33. ers bring to the study of ethnicity different conceptual and operational frameworks for their investigations Some focus on immigrant status or country of birth others are concerned with self ascribed ethnicity or in the construction of ethno religious groups and others are interested in ethnic identity as a subject of research in its own right In Understanding Society the question content aimed to facilitate maximum flexibility for researchers in implementing their own understandings of ethnicity and ethnic group Here we briefly describe the key variables available for this purpose We provide a brief description of the question its variable name the sample covered and the wave first asked in See Table 8 Further information on the rotation of content is provided in Table 2 above Most questions were asked either in wave 1 or at the first time the respondent was interviewed However additional questions on ethnic identity were introduced in wave two and are repeated every three years for new immigrants and 16 19 year olds and every six years for everyone else Table 8 Key variables for ethnic group measurement and ethnicity analysis Question Variable Name Description Sample Wave asked In Census ethnic w_racel w_ 2011 UK Census ethnic All First interviewed group racelo_code group w_racelt 2011 UK Census ethnic All First interviewed w_racelwt group telephone wave two w_racelmt version onwards w_ rac
34. hat sample specifically 7 ISSUES FOR ANALYSIS SAMPLE DESIGN NON RESPONSE WEIGHTING The complex sample design of Understanding Society and possibly non random non response has serious consequences for analysis 7 1 WHY USE WEIGHTS 19 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide Firstly the sample design is such that some sections of the population are selected with higher probability than others Secondly not everyone eligible for interview are interviewed Some cannot be contacted and some of those contacted refuse to give an interview Finally if those selected with higher selection probability are different in terms of some variable of interest from those selected with lower probability then population estimates based on sample statistics will be biased Similarly if respondents are systematically different from non respondents in terms of the variable of interest In such cases appropriately weighted estimates provide unbiased population estimates For example Table 9 provides a notional example where the population consists of two groups 1000 individuals from group A and 500 individuals from group B There are two sample designs The first one is such that the sampling fraction is the same across two sub populations 0 10 This results in a sample of size 150 with 100 individuals from group A and 50 from group A But in order to analyse group B we require a larger sample So a second option is the second sample design
35. ics and Political Science Each year since the survey started in 2009 all eligible adult respondents in participating households are interviewed They also complete a self completion questionnaire Children aged 10 15 also complete a separate self completion questionnaire becoming eligible for the main questionnaire when they reach 16 Over time a detailed picture of individuals lives builds up through the annual interviews In addition each annual survey provides information about changes and continuity in respondents lives since the last interview changes which can be related to their characteristics and to other events that have taken place in their lives Data from each wave of the study is available from the UK Data Service see Data Access below Analysts should also consult the User Manual for further infomration on the overall study Knies 2014 The purpose of Understanding Society is to provide high quality longitudinal data about subjects such as health work education income family and social life to help understand the long term effects of social and economic change as well as policy interventions designed to impact upon the general well being of the UK population Research on ethnicity and studies looking across the UK s ethnic groups was one of the original aims of Understanding Society This was reflected in three core aspects of the study First the main sample was supplemented by an ethnic minority boost sample
36. inclusion and positioning of the national identity question in the 2011 Census was designed to enable respondents to express national identity separately from ethnic group and hence ideally to provide more responses that did not confound national identity with ethnic identity at the ethnic group questions Again this is asked of all Understanding So 3 Ethnic minority boost screening question The composition of the ethnic minority boost EMB sample for Understanding Society was intended to maximise the analytical potential of the sample for comparisons of ethnic groups and within minority groups The screen question was therefore intended to capture a number of specific groups that have some internal coherence and are sufficiently numerous for meaningful analysis Thus its operationalization was driven by pragmatic rather than analytic concerns It is not intended to reflect ethnic identity but is nevertheless available for researchers if they wish to understand how respondent households came to be included in the sample 4 Country of birth across multiple generations and parental ethnic group Immigrant status is of core interest to a wide range of researchers Thus it was vital to include respondent s country of birth and time of arrival in the UK However immigrant generation is also of substantial interest hence the country of birth of the respondent s parents and grandparents were also asked for the whole sample This not only
37. ion Harkness 2003 This is an iterative process and covers the stages that a questionnaire goes through often more than once There are restrictions in the extent to which it is possible to engage in concurrent consideration of questions in different languages and in the possibilty to change questions or suites of questions that are recognised validated measures However while much of the literature now suggests that back translation is not an appropriate approach to translation there is an emphasis on using more than one translator with the initial translation checked by a second translator and adjudication taken place in the case of disagreements It is also recognised that a translation pre test or pilot is an important element of the quality checking of a translation In existing UK surveys at the time that UKHLS wave one was in preparation a range of practice was used from the exclusion of those who did not speak English to the use of translated advance materials and survey leaflets combined with the use of bilingual interviewers translators or the use of another adult household member to translat on the fly Pre translated instruments were used in some cases and administered by a bilingual interviewer or translator but this was less common Given that at the time of preparation of UKLHS the Census had not included a question on language spoken and fluency in English information on relative English language fluency across differen
38. ir descendents and information on the household context is always collected For ease of implementation of these following rules all household members are classified into three sample statuses Original Sample Members OSMs Temporary Sample Members TSMs and Permanent Sample members PSMs OSMs and PSMs of all ages are followed and remain eligible for interview as long as they are resident within the UK potentially for the life of the survey TSMs remain eligible for interview as long as they are co resident with an OSM PSM including when the only OSM in the household is a child who is not yet eligible for personal interview TSMs who are not co resident with an OSM PSM are not followed and become ineligible for interview OSM All members of Understanding Society General Population Sample households enumerated at Wave 1 including absent household members and those living in institutions who would otherwise be resident are OSMs All ethnic minority members of an enumerated household eligible for inclusion in the Ethnic Minority Boost sample are OSMs In all of these samples any child born to an OSM mother after Wave 1 and observed to be co resident with the mother at the survey wave following the child s birth is an OSM TSM Anyone co resident with a OSM PSM from onwards 2 is considered to be a TSMs This would include any child born to an OSM father after Wave 1 but not an OSM mother and observed to be co resident with the father
39. ities 21 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide A single weight is not appropriate for all the possible different types of analysis that might be cared out and so different weights are provided with the data for different types of analysis however this may make the selection of the appropriate weight seem difficult But it is fully explained in the section on weighting adjustments in the User Guide for the main survey t is very important that users consult that section of the User Guide before commencing analysis The section describes the different types of weight variables available their naming convention and also guidance on which weights to use Weights vary by the sample being anlaysed GPS EMB BHPS the units of analysis adults youths households and survey instruments used household grid household questionnaire adult questionnaire proxy questionnaire adult self completion extra five minute questions youth questionnaire For the complete set of weights see Tables 11 through 16 in the User Manual for the main survey In particular see Table 14 which describes the weights to use if you use responses from at least one Extra Five Minutes question Also note that even if the analysis is restricted to ethnic minority respondents researchers should include ethnic minorities across all sample components not just in the EMB sample 7 3 SAMPLE DESIGN VARIABLES AND ANALYSIS The design for most components of Understa
40. nding Society sample is stratified and clustered Most statistical softwares assume that the sample design is simple random sample and estimate standard errors of estimators based on that assumption If these design features are note taken into account it will result in incorrect standard error estimates Variables which indicate the primary sampling unit PSU and the stratum to which the sample member or sample household belongs are provided with the data New entrants are assigned the PSU and stratum of the OSM household they have join The PSU variable is called psu and the variable incidicating stratum is strata These are available in xwavedat For ease of use these are also available in wave specific files In those files the names have a w_ wave prefix although these do not change across waves 8 APPROACH TO TRANSLATION AND LANGUAGE One key issue for the ethnicity strand was the extent to which the questionnaire should be translated into other languages and if so which languages Translation of questionnaires is not simply a case of translating word by word from an original questionnaire but ensuring that the construct being measured is equivalent and that responses provide the same information Much of the work on translating survey instruments has come from the perspective of translating the same instrument in different countries in order to harmonise the instrument for cross national comparison Nevertheless many of the issues are the s
41. r Other Asian Backgroud Other Black Background Any Other Ethnic group Denotes number of observations is less than 50 14 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide Table 6b Response outcomes among wave one adult interview respondents across 4 waves by religion brought up in or belongs to 1 full interview 0 non interview including proxy interview Position indicates wave number For example 1110 indicates full adult interview in wave 1 2 and 3 but not in in wave 4 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 None 1602 65 115 228 864 208 599 3322 Catholic 1448 51 89 187 771 186 582 3420 Protestant 4744 140 272 754 2924 713 2057 15262 Jewish 50 bi i s R 93 Muslim 1173 71 115 176 537 178 374 1373 Hindu 333 s 146 98 453 Sikh 146 65 7 ig 216 Buddhist 87 i s i 124 Other 177 i i 92 j 61 514 Denotes number of observations is less than 50 Table 6c Response outcomes among wave one adult interview respondents across 4 waves by country of birth Non response in some waves 2 4 Full response in waves 1 to 5 England 13900 17407 Scotland 1709 1702 Wales 922 1127 North Ireland 848 1081 Republic of Ireland 167 150 France 57 7 Germany 119 125 Italy i 7 Spain is 7 Poland 176 125 Cyprus i i Turkey 89 Australia j New Zealand i s Canada ig USA 66 61 China Hong Kong 147 74 India 655 441 Pakistan 551 309 Bangladesh 557 241 Sri Lanka 144 103 Kenya 113 81 Ghana 130 86 Nigeria 196 118 Uganda 5
42. rvey of adults and young people which included ethnic minority boost samples for certain years 1988 1996 2000 2006 07 See here e The ONS Longitudinal Study is a one per cent sample of the 1971 England and Wales census that has been tracked over subsequent decennial censuses and has been refreshed with those new births and immigrants matching the original sampling criteria While it does not have an oversample of ethnic minorities the fact that it represents one per cent of the population of England and Wales provides large minority samples for anlaysis See further the user support team CeLSIUS e And of course the decennial UK Censuses e Fora detailed list of UK surveys which include ethnicity questions and the sample sizes of ethnic minority sample members see http www esds ac uk government docs ethnicityintro pdf 12 REFERENCES Berthoud R Fumagalli L Lynn P and Platt L 2009 Design of the Understanding Society ethnic minority boost sample Understanding Society Working Paper 2009 02 Colchester University of Essex Burton J Nandi A and Platt L 2010 Measuring ethnicity challenges and opportunities for survey research Ethnic amp Racial Studies 33 8 1332 1349 Harkness J A 2003 Questionnaire Translation Pp 35 56 in Cross Cultural Survey Methods edited by Harkness J A F J R van de Vijver and P Ph Mohler Hoboken Nu Wiley Knies Gundi ed 2014 Understanding Societ
43. s minority and majority ethnic groups SER Working Paper 2014 01 Nandi A and Platt L 2014 A note on ethnicity and identity among the UK born population in Understanding Society SER Working Paper 2014 04 Tippett N Wolke D and Platt L 2013 Ethnicity and bullying involvement in a national UK youth sample Journal of Adolescence 36 639 649 Uskul A and Platt L 2014 A note on maintenance of ethnic origin diet and healthy eating in Understanding Society SER Working Paper 2014 03 Zuccottil C V 2014 Do Parents Matter Revisiting Ethnic Penalties in Occupation among Second Generation Ethnic Minorities in England and Wales Sociology DOI 10 1177 003803851 4540373 BOOK CHAPTERS AND REPORTS Brown L Heath A Ji Yaojun Nazroo J 2013 Addressing Ethnic Inequalities in Social Mobility Research findings from the CoDE and Cumberland Lodge Policy Workshop Kaufman E and Harris G 2014 Changing Places London Demos Kaufman E and Harris G 2014 Demystifying white flight in Understanding Society Insights 2014 Colchester ISER University of Essex 27 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide Li Y and Heath A 2014 Inheriting success in Understanding Society Insights 2014 Colchester ISER University of Essex Nandi A and Platt L 2012 How diverse is the UK in S McFall Ed Understanding Society Findings 2012 Nandi A and Khan O 2012 Understanding Remittances in Unders
44. sponse rates of EMB sample is due to relatively higher non contacts and refusal rates But as these are non responding households their eligibility for the EMB sample is not known In other words some of these households are possibly ineligible for the EMB sample So after adjusting for that the household response rate for the EMB sample will be higher Lynn et al 2012 the adjusted EMB sample response rate to be around 52 Table 3a Household response rates among eligible households wave 1 General Population Sample Ethnic Minority Great Britain Northern Ireland Total Boost Responded 57 1 60 9 57 3 39 9 Non contact 8 6 11 0 8 3 27 7 Refused 33 9 27 4 33 6 29 0 Other 0 4 0 6 0 4 3 4 Total Eligible 43 267 2 107 45 374 10 077 Table 3b Eligible and ineligible households wave 1 Eligible 89 9 88 0 89 8 22 5 Ineligible 10 1 12 0 10 2 77 5 Total Issued 48 144 2 395 50 539 44 769 The non contacts for EMB sample include those who are ineligible So after correcting for that response rates for the EMB sample would be higher Table 4 shows individual response rates among responding households for the different samples Individual response rates including proxy interviews for the GP GB sample is higher than that for the GP NI and EMB samples which are similar at 80 Refusal and non contact rates for these two samples are also similar Table 4 Individual response rate among responding househol
45. t language groups had to be extropolated from other surveys On this basis UKLHS developed translated instruments using independent translator and checker and adjudication The translated instruments were implemented in computer assisted personal interviewing CAPI software obviating the need for separate paper based versions of the translation which are associated with much longer interview times This meant that bilingual interviewers could simply switch to the language of choice or between that and English while non bilingual interviewers could work alongside a translator helping them to enter the response directly into the CAPI laptop A translation pilot was carried out on selected languages and found that this process largely worked well The selection of languages was based as noted on inferences from other surveys combined with the expected composition of the UKLHS overall sample Note that the inferences were based not just on language use but on inferences about English language fluency for speakers of those languages Hence it was expected for 23 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide example that Hindi speakers would tend to be relatively fluent in English while Somali speakers were expected to have much lower levels of English language fluency On that basis the chosen languages for translation were Welsh required under the Welsh Language Act Urdu Punjabi in both Urdu and Gurmukhi scripts Gujerati Bengali
46. tanding Society Quantifying Ties Overseas and Ties to Britain in S McFall Ed Understanding Society Findings 2012 Nandi A And Saggar S 2012 Employment and perceived racial discrimination in S McFall Ed Understanding Society Findings 2012 Platt L 2014 Ethnic minority inequalities in the job market in Understanding Society Insights 2014 Colchester ISER University of Essex Please let us know about any research you are doing using Understanding Society data 28
47. to the Extra Five Minutes sample and their rotation over waves of the study was subject to extensive consultation with the ethnicity researchers co funders third sector and the Ethnicity Strand Advisory Committee As a result of this consultation the broad areas for inclusion and their rotation were determined as illustrated in the top panel Table 2 There are aslo som questions asked on a different more frequent rotation for the Extra Five Minutes sample or commencing at a different starting point due to particular interests or topics within them These are illustrated in the second panel of Table 2 Table 2a Extra Five Minute Questions Module Sample asked Rotation Wave Migration history Initial 1 conditions Harassment 2 year rotation 1 3 5 7 Discrimination 2 year rotation 1 3 5 7 Remittances 3 year rotation 1 4 7 Ethnic identity 6 year rotation 2 8 Service Use 4 Religious practice 4 year rotation 4 8 Table 2b Modules asked of the whole sample and the Extra Five Minutes sample but on a different rotation Module Sample asked Rotation Wave Religious Whole sample 3 year rotation 1 4 belonging New entrants of Extra Five 2 3 5 6 Minute sample amp NI residents All 4 year rotation 8 Political Extra Five Minute sample 2 engagement Non Extra Five Minute sample 3 All 4 year rotation 6 Britishness Extra Five Minute sample 1 3 All self completion 6 Notes From onwards wave 8 these questions would be
48. will be added to the existing sample from wave 6 11 ADDITIONAL LINKS Here are some useful links for information on resources for ethnicity research e Afkhami 2002 provides a useful introduction to ethnicity research in the UK e The ESRC funded Centre on Dynamics of Ethnicity CoDE is conducts research on ethnicity and inequality For more information see http www ethnicity ac uk e The Fourth National Survey of Ethnic Minorities FNSEM is the fourth ina series of repeated cross sectional surveys of ethnic minority individuals carried out approximately every 10 years The FNSEM incldued a sample of around 5000 ethnic minority households and a comparison sample of around 2900 white households DOI 10 5255 UKDA SN 3685 1 Or see here e Home Office Citizenship Survey 2001 2003 2005 and then renamed to Citizenship Survey 2007 08 2008 09 2009 10 2010 11 are repeated cross sectional individual not household surveys in England and Wales These surveys included a sample of 15 000 adults with an ethnic minority boost sample of 5 000 6 000 adults See here e Millenium Cohort Study in longitudinal cohort study which started with a sample of N children drawn from those born between September 2000 and August 2001 in England and Wales and from those born between November 2000 and January 2002 in Scotland and Northern Ireland Children born in these periods in Scotland Wales and Northern Ireland were over sampled as were children from
49. y UK Household Longitudinal Study Wave 1 4 2009 2013 User Manual Colchester University of Essex Lynn P 2009 Sample design for Understanding Society Understanding Society Working Paper 2009 01 Colchester University of Essex Lynn P Burton J Kaminska O Knies G and Nandi A 2012 An initial look at non response and attrition in Understanding Society Understanding Society Working Paper 2012 02 Colchester University of Essex 26 Understanding Society Ethnicity User Guide 13 ETHNICITY AND MIGRATION RESEARCH USING UNDERSTANDING SOCIETY JOURNAL ARTICLES AND WORKING PAPERS Knies G Nandi A Platt L 2014 Life satisfaction ethnicity and neighbourhoods is there an effect of neighbourhood ethnic composition on life satisfaction SER Working Paper No 2014 08 Longhi S 2014 Cultural diversity and subjective well being ZA Journal of Migration 3 13 McAloney K Graham H Law C Platt L Wardle H Hall J 2014 Fruit and vegetable consumption and sports participation among UK Youth International Journal of Public Health 59 117 121 McAloney K 2014 Mixed Religion relationships and well being in Northern Ireland Journal of Religion and Health 53 4 1036 1045 Morando G 2014 Partner ethnicity and ethnic minority socio economic occupation evidence from the UK ISER Working Paper 2014 29 Nandi A and Platt L 2014 Britishness and identity assimilation among the UK
50. y selected and at each dwelling unit upto 3 households were randomly selected Dwelling units are defined in interviewer instructions as a living space with its own front door this can be either a street door or a door within a house or block of flats Usually there is only one dwelling unit at an address while households are defined as the person or people occupying particular shared spaces namely a household is when one person or a group of people have the accommodation as their only or main residence and share at least one meal a day or share the living accommodation Around 95 of addresses have one DU and one household multiple DUs households tend to be concentrated in urban areas 3 2 ETHNIC MINORITY BOOST SAMPLE The Ethnic Minority Boost sample was designed to provide at least 1 000 adult interviews from each of five target ethnic minority groups Indian Pakistan Bangladesh Caribbean and African as well as somewhat less comprehensive coverage of other minority ethnic groups within the sampled areas The EMB sample design comprised of screening addresses in high ethnic minority concentration areas in Great Britain Please note that Northern Ireland does not contribute to the EMB sample The initial step was identifying postal sectors with relatively high proportions of relevant ethnic minority groups based on 2001 Census data and more recent Annual Population Survey data This identified 3 145 sectors or approximately 3
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search