Home

IMASSv4 User Guide And Examples

1. Females Sales Age group 75 79 Manufactured Cigarettes MC Y 20 Years previous vi Unadjusted 5 Years previous Mort 1 UK LC UK _y None Single Country Y Males amp Females _ _ Age group 75 79 Sa Lung Cancer v Mort 2 E RA Lc USA w None Single Country Males amp Females vi Age group 75 79 wV Lung Cancer x Consumption amp Mortality for Birth cohort 450 400 350 AN 300 Q A 2 S 250 y 3 E E 200 amp a lt Q O 150 100 50 0 1836 1841 1846 1851 1856 1861 1866 1871 1876 1881 1886 1891 1896 1901 1906 1911 1916 1921 1926 1840 1845 1850 1855 1860 1865 1870 1875 1880 1885 1890 1895 1900 1905 1910 1915 1920 1925 1930 Birth Cohort Example 14T Combination Plots Page 3 20 year average associated data table Consumption amp Mortality vs Birth Cohort 53 Period for Lagging or Averaging Start Youngest End Oldest 20 Years previous y 5 Years previous v 20 Years previous 5 Years previous 0 Current 0 Current 1886 1890 1891 1895 1896 1900 1901 1905 1906 1910 1911 1915 1916 1920 7 80 7 96 10 21 10 24 359 31 379 15 229 50 274 74 7 63 7 09 9 91 9 34 381 68 369 06 321 95 354 55 Country Country Ratio Sex amp Source Period or Age group Tobacco Type Tar Adiustment CPP 1 zar average UK w None Single Country Males amp F
2. wo o LO o LO o LO o LO o LO o LO o LO o LO o LO o gt N N e 52 Y Tt ite LO co co ice 00 Q Q 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 z 2 2 z 2 2 2 ee EEE EEE EEE EE o o q N N m m T vt LO LO o o Mm 00 ice ep z 2 2 7 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 z 2 2 2 2 Period 56 Example 17 Mort Year Plots Page 2 Country Age group Disease USA y Combined 35 74 E Std Y COPD y Relative Scaling Year None v COPD Mortality Rates for Sex and Year 70 00 60 00 50 00 40 00 30 00 20 00 Mortality Rate per 100 000 per year 10 00 0 00 o x o KR i 00 D a o D o O o o ped ps pa Bad E Year 2001
3. 4 05 installation will be identified by menu entries e g IMASS v4 Excel database The default installation directory is C IMASSv4 It will not overwrite any IMASS versions prior to v4 00 but will update existing v4 xx versions Previous IMASS versions e g v3 can still be used to allow continuity of data in existing projects The additions and changes are detailed in the IMASS Release Notes The program can then be started from the Windows Start Programs menu Alternatively start Excel and then open the workbook C IMASSv4 IMASS xls Although this workbook contains many sheets the user will carry out the majority of operations using just the first few sheets These are Index Mortality Plots Prevalence Plots Consumption CPP Plots including both sales and survey based consumption Scatter Plots comparison of mortality vs prevalence consumption Combination Plots simultaneous plotting of mortality and either consumption sales and or survey based or prevalence Each of the plot sheets holds a succession of pages each page containing a single plot These are reached directly by simply clicking on the relevant button in the Index sheet or by scrolling down through the plot sheet The user may also want to look at the first sheet Country Details of the country workbooks where information on the exact range of available years of data is shown These too can be reached from the Country Settings section of the Index sheet Limited f
4. 478 peritonsillar abscess chronic laryngitis B325 495 extrinsic allergic alveolitis laryngotracheitis allergic rhinitis other diseases of URT 496 chronic airways obstruction NEC including COPD B326 500 508 pneumoconiosis and other lung disease due to external agents B327 511 Pleurisy B329 510 512 519 empyema pneumothorax absess of lung and mediastinum pulmonary congestions and hypostasis post inflammatory pulmonary fibrosis other alveolar and parietoalveolar pneumopathy lung involvement in conditions classified elsewhere other diseases of lung other diseases of respiratory system 9 USSR not possible 5329 B323 Same as other countries 10 except J40 bronchitis not specified as acute or chronic As COPD Switzerland J41 simple and mucopurulent CB J30 J39 vasomotor and allergic rhinitis chronic rhinitis nasopharyngitis and J42 unspecified CB pharyngitis chronic sinusitis nasal polyp other disorders of nose and nasal J43 emphysema sinuses chronic disease of tonsils and adenoids peritonsillar abscess chronic J44 other COPD laryngitis and laryngotracheitis diseases of vocal chords and larynx NEG other J45 asthma diseases of URT or l J46 status asthmaticus J60 J66 pneumoconiosis coalworker s due to asbestos and other mineral i fibres due to dust containing silica due to other inorganic dust unspecified J47 bronchiectasis associated with tuberculosis J67 hypersensitivity preumonitis due to o
5. 5 10 year lag relative scaling Country Country Ratio Sex Age group or Cohort Tobacco Type Lagging or Averaging Start Youngest End Oldest Prev 1 g i i i Prev 35 5 A UK None Single Country Y Males vi Combined 35 54 SA Manufactured Cigarettes MC 10 Years previous SA 10 Years previous al Prev 2 i i l seo OG Y None Single Country _ Males Combined 55 74 w Manufactured Cigarettes MC 10 Years previous vi 10 Years previous v Relati ling Peri Vo 584 UK None Single Country Y Males Y Combined 35 54 y Lung Cancer v elative Scaling Period en i 1971 1975 w Mort 55 74 UK None Single Country y Males Y Combined 55 74 Lung Cancer x Prevalence amp Mortality for Period f Prevalence Mortality 1941 1945 1946 1950 1951 1955 1956 1960 1961 1965 1966 1970 1971 1975 1976 1980 1981 1985 1986 1990 1991 1995 1996 2000 2001 2005 2006 2010 Period 33 Example 16 Prevalence Plots Page 3 mmmmmmm Period for Lagging or Averaging Country Sex Tobacco Type Start Youngest End Oldest UK HALS v males Y Total Cigarettes TC Y O Current Y O Current v Country Ratio denominator None Single Country v a Prevalence of Smoking Total Cigarettes for Period and Birth cohort 80 0 70 0 60 0 50 0 o 8 S w 400 gt o ES a 30 0 20 0 10 0 0 0
6. C14 malignant neoplasm of respectively Switzerland lip base of tongue O amp U parts of tongue gum floor of mouth palate O amp U parts of mouth parotid gland O amp U major salivary glands tonsil oropharynx nasopharynx pyriform sinus hypopharynx and other ill defined sites of the lip oral cavity amp pharynx 10 1028 Same as other countries 1027 Same as other countries Switzerland O amp U other and unspecified ICD Revision Pancreatic Cancer Stomach Cancer Summary Full Summary Full 6 and 7 157 malignant neoplasm of pancreas A046 151 malignant neoplasm of stomach 8 157 malignant neoplasm of pancreas A047 151 malignant neoplasm of stomach gr B096 157 malignant neoplasm of pancreas B091 151 malignant neoplasm of stomach 10 except C25 malignant neoplasm of pancreas C16 malignant neoplasm of stomach Switzerland 10 1032 Same as other countries 1029 Same as other countries Switzerland 36 Table 5 Definitions of causes of death continued 5 ICD Revision Peptic Ulcer Stroke Summary Full Summary Full 6 and 7 A099 540 ulcer of stomach A070 330 subarachnoid haemorrhage A100 541 ulcer of duodenum 331 cerebral haemorrhage 332 cerebral embolism amp thrombosis 333 spasm of cerebral arteries 334 other and ill defined vascular lesions affecting central nervous system 8 A098 531 ulcer of stomach A085 430 subarachnoid haemorrhage 532 ulcer of duodenum 431 cereb
7. Mortality data updated from the World Health Organization WHO as of 25 March 2011 2 Updated smoking statistics and sales data from the following ISS3 Web edition chapters and the ISS3 Supplement 1 update ISS3 chapter Finland Italy IMASSv4 07 workbooks Finland xls Italy xls See release notes and country workbooks for detailed change history File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc 23 IMASS v4 06 23 11 2010 1 Mortality data added for new diseases updated from the World Health Organization WHO as of 1 December 2009 The following diseases are available Bladder Cancer Breast Cancer Cervical Cancer Colorectal Cancer Larynx Cancer Liver Cancer Lung Cancer Oesophageal Cancer Oral Cancer Pancreatic Cancer Stomach Cancer All Cancer COPD Ischaemic Heart Disease Peptic Ulcer Respiratory Disease Stroke All Causes Existing IMASSv4 05 diseases See release notes and country workbooks for detailed change history IMASS v4 05 08 02 2010 1 Population and mortality data updated from the World Health Organization WHO as of 1 December 2009 See release notes and country workbooks for detailed change history 2 Updated smoking statistics and sales data from the following ISS3 Web edition chapters and the ISS3 Supplement 1 update ISS3 chapter IMASSv4 05 workbooks France France xls Sweden Sweden xls See release notes and country workbooks for detailed change hist
8. Paste Special File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc 2 9 2 10 18 Formats Any hidden rows or columns will also be copied To copy a plot the following method can be used Right click on the plot area choose Edit Chart Object then Source Data and looking at the Data Range tab make a note of the data range e g sheet Prev Plot Data cells A9 P43 then cancel Copy the chart to the new file Also copy the data from the data range to another sheet in the new file starting at the same start cell e g A9 and using Paste Special Values Hide any rows and or columns that are not required On the new chart go to the Data Range tab as before and change IMASS and the sheet name to the names of the new file and the new data sheet respectively System requirements and configuration The preferred minimum system requirement is a 1200 MHz PC with 512 MB RAM running Microsoft Excel 2002 or later Macros must be enabled within Excel for IMASS to function correctly In Excel 2000 this is done from menu option Tools Macros Security select the Security Level tab and set to Low If you see the message requesting virus scan each time Excel opens a workbook it probably means that the Microsoft Office plug in is enabled in your antivirus software The opening of work books can be speeded up by disabling that plug in Consult your antivirus documentation but for example in Norton Internet Security 2003 select
9. are available earlier than mortality data Notice also that there may be a gap in the data series e g Bulgaria has no sales data for the 1940s or 1950s Example 10 File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc 2 5 2 6 Using the Scatter Plots sheet In this sheet there are two pages with page 1 Consumption and page 2 Prevalence respectively set on the x axis and mortality set on the y axis The countries are shown in the legend and as single points in the plot The Age and Period or Cohort settings apply to both the tobacco statistic and mortality Sex is chosen separately in most cases one will want to choose the same setting for both However 1f having chosen sales based consumption one might wish to choose a particular sex for the mortality The other settings including the Lagging or Averaging apply only to the tobacco statistic Like multi country plots on the previous sheets any changes to the drop down menus are not immediately implemented in the scatter plots Instead an Update Scatter Plots button appears When this is clicked the relevant country workbooks are each opened in turn and the plot is built up See Example 12 Each point in the scatter plot can be labelled with the country name from Edit Chart Object right click and choose Chart Options Data labels Series name Unfortunately the font sizes must either be changed individually right click and Format data label Font or gl
10. ease eons 45 Example 8 Prevalence Plots Pared uta ao pa Gene 46 Example 9 Prevalence Plots Page 4 Averaged 15 to 5 years previ0uUs oooooocccoccccnoncninnnos 47 Example 10 Consumption Plots Page 8 o ooooonccnnocccconcccconcncnonononononcnonononononcnononononnnonnnnnonnos 48 Example 11 Consumption Plots Page 8 Tar Adjusted ooooooonoonccconcnononcnononocononononnnnnonoos 49 Example 12 Scatter Plots Page 2 A ee evade 50 Example 13 Combination Plots Page 5 10 year lag ooooooconnoccnnoccncconcnononcnonononononononnncnonoss 51 Example 14 Combination Plots Page 3 20 year average srrrrsnrrrronvrrnnnvrrnnnrrrnnvrrrnnvrrrnnvnrnnnnn 52 Example 14T Combination Plots Page 3 20 year average associated data table 53 Example 15 Combination Plots Page 5 10 year lag relative scaling o oo oooooonnnno o 54 Example 16 Prevalence Plots Page 3 rrrrrrrrnnnnrnrrnonnrnrrrrnnrrrrrennvnnnrrrsnnrnerrsnnrnrsssnnnnrsrsssnnnnssssnnrssssen 55 Example 17 Mort Year Plots Page 2 viu pute ania ets 56 File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc 1 1 1 2 Description of the IMASS system Introduction The system is designed to give ready access to international data on tobacco consumption smoking prevalence and mortality from the major smoking related diseases It consists of a set of linked Excel workbooks containing nati
11. menu item Options Norton AntiVirus and the plug in option can be found in the Miscellaneous section Using the Year Plots sheets All analyses described thus far are based on 5 year periods For mortality data and for sales based tobacco consumption data simple plots or tables based on single year data can be generated In each case a drop down menu is used to select a country and the range of years to be displayed on the x axis is set via Plot Settings For mortality there are Year and Age group and Sex and Year pages directly equivalent to pages 1 and 5 of the standard Mortality Plots sheet with the same facilities and settings for disease sex and age groups except that country ratios are not available and only year can be displayed on the x axis See Example 17 In the Year and Sales sheet the various tobacco statistics total sales sales per adult and tar can be displayed The statistics are chosen on the Plot Settings page and tar adjustment via a drop down menu The single year facility is not available for survey based data because the estimates taken from the ISS Supplement relate intrinsically to 5 year periods File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc 2 11 Customized analysis The files provide full Excel functionality so that users can create their own customized analyses or add extra data Note that background calculations are switched off so that pressing key F9 Calculate Now is requi
12. of the available years when the full 5 years are not available and intermediate missing periods are indicated by other footnotes ISS2 presented data up to 1995 and ISS3 up to date of publication of individual chapters Later data have been entered occasionally for other countries but no consistent attempt was made to collect later data b This table shows start and end of single year data Missing intermediate years are indicated by footnote d Data are used for tar adjustment as 5 year averages using for years with no data available an estimate of 35 mg cigarette up to 1955 and linear interpolation between available data points thereafter and if applicable an average based c Early data only available at 3 or 5 yearly intervals d Data missing for some intermediate years for details see the lower part of the Tobacco Data worksheet for the relevant country Also Tables 1 2 of the relevant chapter in ISS e Periods 1936 1955 Missing f Period 1941 45 Missing g Unified up to 1938 and from 1991 otherwise West h Periods 1916 20 1941 45 Missing i Periods 1916 1930 1941 45 Missing j Periods 1941 1950 Missing k Periods 1941 1985 and TC 1990 91 A 1990 2000 Missing 29 Table 3 Availability of survey based tobacco data Country Contemporary surveys ISS Alternative retrospective Prevalence CPP surveys see also Table 4 MC TC A MC TC Start End Start End Start End Start End Start End Austra
13. these diseases are defined 1 5 Data sources Age sex and cause specific mortality data are made available on the Internet by WHO and commonly start in the 1950s The WHO data are provided as numbers of deaths and populations for single years For most analyses these are converted to rates per 100 000 for the 5 year periods If data are not available for the full 5 years the rate is calculated from the available years Table 1 shows for each country the period of availability of mortality data as at 1 Dec 2009 Note that the first and last periods for a country are commonly based on less than a full 5 years Note also that on occasion data are missing for one or more years within the period of availability for some combinations of country disease and sex This is particularly the situation for breast cancer for males where data are missing for one or more years for eight countries Full listings of missing data are available in the release notes and also in the change history within the country details page of each workbook For other sources of population data see the web edition of International Smoking Statistics ISS3 except that for data before 1950 the same method of estimation as for the updated chapters is used in IMASS for all countries Smoking and tobacco data are of two types sales based and survey based Sales based tobacco consumption data are mostly taken from ISS They have been arranged into 5 year
14. 010 and in the 5 year age groups 15 19 20 24 80 84 and 85 Some limitations to this birth cohort approach should be noted First people dying within a 5 year period and a 5 year age group actually include those born in a 10 year age range For example those dying at age 60 64 in 1961 65 include 64 year olds ABBREVIATIONS A CB COPD CPP ICD IHD All tobacco products IMASS International Mortality and Smoking Statistics Chronic bronchitis ISS International Smoking Statistics ISS2 second Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease edition ISS3 web edition Cigarettes per person per day MC Manufactured cigarettes International Classification of Diseases PNLSC P N Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd Ischaemic heart disease TC Total cigarettes WHO World Health Organisation File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc dying in 1961 born in 1896 and 60 year olds dying in 1965 born in 1905 A more rigorous method taking these overlapping cohorts into account has been used in some other work but is not attempted here Second the approach ignores the fact that the data in the different cells of a diagonal do not relate to the exact same people as immigration emigration and mortality are ignored Differential mortality with more smokers than non smokers dying early may be an important feature for the oldest age groups but is not considered here In addition to the data presented as 5 year periods limited facili
15. 1965 1966 1970 1971 1975 1976 1980 1981 1985 1986 1990 1991 1995 1996 2000 2001 2005 2006 2010 Period 42 Example 4 Mortality Plots Page 8 Sex Cohort or Age group Disease Males Combined 40 69 E Std w Lung Cancer v Relative Scaling Period None v Lung Cancer Mortality Rates for Country and Period 250 0 200 0 150 0 100 0 Mortality Rate per 100 000 per year 50 0 0 0 1946 1950 1951 1955 1956 1960 1961 1965 1966 1970 1971 1975 1976 1980 1981 1985 1986 1990 1991 1995 1996 2000 2001 2005 2006 2010 Period 43 Example 5 Mortality Plots Page 8 Relative Scaling Sex Cohort or Age group Disease Males Combined 40 69 E Std w Lung Cancer v Relative Scaling Period 2001 2005 v Lung Cancer Mortality Rates for Country and Period Mortality Rate Relative 1946 1950 1951 1955 1956 1960 1961 1965 1966 1970 1971 1975 1976 1980 1981 1985 1986 1990 1991 1995 1996 2000 2001 2005 2006 2010 Period 44 Example 6 Mortality Plots Page 8 Sex Ratio Sex Cohort or Age group Disease M F Sex Ratio Combined 40 69 E Std w Lung Cancer v Relative Scaling Period None v Lung Cancer Mortality Rates for Country and Period 16 0 14 0 12 0 10 0 8 0 6 0 Mortality Rate Sex Ratio 4 0 2 0 0 0 1946 1950 1951 1955 1956 1960 1961 1965 1966 1970 1971 1975 1976 1980 1981 1985 1986 1990 1991 1995 1996 2000
16. 2001 2005 2006 2010 Period 45 Example 7 Mortality Rank Plots Page 8 Sex Males Disease Lung Cancer Rank Adjustment Combined 40 69 E Std Relative Scale Period None Normalised v Mortality Rate Ranking by Period Country Ranking 1946 1950 1951 1955 1956 1960 1961 1965 1966 1970 1971 1975 1976 1980 1981 1985 1986 1990 1991 1995 1996 2000 2001 2005 2006 2010 Period australia 0 Austria Belgum Bulgaria Czechoslovakia France UK USA 46 Example 8 Prevalence Plots Page 4 Period or Cohort ee Period for Lagging or Averaging Country Period v Tobacco Type Start Youngest End Oldest France y 1976 1980 Y All tobacco products A Y O Current Y O Current x Country Ratio denominator None Single Country v Prevalence of Smoking All Tobacco Products for Sex and Age group 70 0 60 0 50 0 40 0 Prevalence 30 0 20 0 10 0 0 0 15 19 20 24 25 29 30 34 35 39 40 44 45 49 50 54 55 59 60 64 65 69 70 74 75 79 80 84 85 Age group 47 Example 9 Prevalence Plots Page 4 Averaged 15 to 5 years previous Period or Cohort ea Period for Lagging or Averaging Country Period 7 Tobacco Type Start Youngest End Oldest France x 1976 1980 All tobacco products A v 15 Years previous v 5 Years previous vi Country Ratio denominator None Single Country v Prevalence of Smoki
17. 30 34 1851 1855 1856 1860 1861 1865 1866 1870 1871 1875 1876 1880 1881 1885 1886 1890 1891 1895 1896 1900 1901 1905 1906 1910 1911 1915 1916 1920 1921 1925 1926 1930 1931 1935 1936 1940 1941 1945 1946 1950 0 38 0 41 2 03 3 94 1951 1955 0 17 0 72 1 35 3 67 1956 1960 0 17 0 40 1 34 3 56 1961 1965 0 16 0 48 1 17 3 30 1966 1970 0 22 0 47 1 04 2 49 1971 1975 0 07 0 35 0 91 2 33 1976 1980 0 04 0 16 0 53 1 77 1981 1985 0 01 0 11 0 43 1 28 1986 1990 0 02 0 13 0 16 0 83 1991 1995 0 02 0 09 0 22 0 74 1996 2000 0 02 0 09 0 17 0 51 2001 2005 0 01 0 05 0 10 0 47 2006 2010 0 02 0 10 0 15 0 51 v 35 39 8 60 10 14 9 49 9 44 7 50 5 97 5 49 4 23 3 43 2 69 1 79 1 52 1 37 Lung Cancer 40 44 25 49 24 99 25 59 22 66 22 13 17 96 14 05 12 01 10 41 8 63 6 62 5 20 4 98 45 49 58 36 58 68 59 43 56 77 53 45 50 83 39 92 32 11 27 62 22 79 17 88 15 23 12 90 50 54 111 73 123 17 125 27 123 57 115 11 107 90 100 98 77 89 60 00 56 12 42 26 36 87 33 64 55 59 160 98 200 22 230 74 231 58 222 71 208 53 190 55 171 98 135 29 108 15 92 45 74 59 69 76 60 64 207 86 253 19 333 30 369 36 373 28 354 53 334 61 300 40 268 09 207 11 161 84 147 04 133 24 65 69 208 26 287 30 389 91 484 46 529 66 519 89 498 48 455 34 411 44 365 31 278 54 228 10 217 67 70 74 177 70 253 70 381 86 494 34 621 39 682 12 674 41 629 73 581 87 504 73 428 53 342 73 303 0
18. 6 50 2006 10 1946 50 2006 10 1956 60 2001 05 1956 60 2001 05 x Netherlands 1966 70 2011 15 1956 60 2011 15 1946 50 2011 15 1976 80 2011 15 1956 60 2011 15 x New Zealand 2006 10 1956 60 2006 10 1956 60 2006 10 x 1956 60 2006 10 x Norway 1991 95 1951 55 2011 15 1951 55 2011 15 x 1956 60 2006 10 Ronneberg Poland 1956 60 2011 15 1956 60 2011 15 1956 60 2011 15 1956 60 2011 15 1956 60 2011 15 x Portugal 1971 75 2011 15 1971 75 2011 15 1971 75 2011 15 1986 90 2006 10 1986 90 2006 10 x Romania 1966 70 1991 95 1966 70 1991 95 1966 70 1991 95 1966 70 1966 70 x Spain 1966 70 2006 10 1966 70 2006 10 1966 70 2006 10 1966 70 2006 10 1966 70 2006 10 Fernandez Sweden 1951 55 2006 10 1951 55 2006 10 1946 50 2006 10 1951 55 2001 05 1951 55 2001 05 Nordlund Switzerland 1956 60 1991 95 1956 60 1991 95 1956 60 2006 10 1956 60 2006 10 1956 60 2006 10 SOMIPOPS UK 1946 50 2001 05 1956 60 2001 05 1926 30 2001 05 1946 50 1986 90 1971 75 2001 05 HALS AHIP USA 1931 35 2001 05 1931 35 2001 05 1946 50 2001 05 1946 50 2001 05 1946 50 2001 05 Harris USSR 1971 75 1986 90 1971 75 1986 90 1971 75 1986 90 1971 75 1986 90 1971 75 1986 90 x Yugoslavia 1956 60 1986 90 1956 60 1986 90 1956 60 1986 90 1956 60 1986 90 1956 60 1986 90 x x No data f 1986 2000 interpolated not shown in Supplement reference 7 Data for single period g Restricted age range for initial period s females start later a Restricted age range for females h Females start la
19. 734 1998 Bulgaria 1913 1997 x 1913 1997 Canada 1920 2010 1955 2010 1920 2010 1968 1999 Czechoslovakia 19230 1992 x 1923 1934 x Denmark 1920 2010 1950 2010 1920 2010 1964 1990 Finland 1920 2009 1950 2009 1920 2009 1970 1992 France 1861 2010 1950 2010 1861 2010 1861 2003 Germany 1906 2010 1906 2010 1925 2010 1966 1985 Greece 1920 1995 x 1920 1995 x Hungary 1920 2012 1940 2011 1920 2001 x Iceland 1932 1995 x 1862 1995 x Ireland 1920 2011 1920 2011 1920 2011 x Israel 1967 1995 x 1970 1989 x Italy 1921 2010 1951 2008 1921 2008 1984 2003 Japan 1920 2007 x 1920 1998 1969 2005 Netherlands 1923 2010 1960 2010 19230 2010 x New Zealand 1920 2009 1950 2009 1920 2009 1990 2006 Norway 1927 2011 1939 2011 1927 2011 1970 1993 Poland 1922 2012 2006 2012 19220 1995 19830 2000 Portugal 1935 2012 1950 2011 1940 2011 x Romania 1920 1995 x 1920 1995 a Spain 1920 2010 1957 2010 1920 2010 x Sweden 1920 2006 1950 2006 1920 2006 1964 1980 Switzerland 1934 2009 1993 2008 1934 2008 1970 1978 UK 1880 2009 1931 2009 1880 2009 19216 2002 USA 1900 2010 1927 2010 1920 2010 1954 1999 USSR 1960 1994 x 1960 1994 x Yugoslavia 1922 1993 x 1922 1935 x x No data on less than 5 years data in the final period So there are no intermediate missing periods a This table shows start and end of single year data Missing intermediate years are indicated by footnotes c or d Data are presented by 5 year periods using an average
20. 8 75 79 136 35 198 64 324 17 450 27 597 39 722 75 804 57 770 32 710 91 627 40 546 16 483 12 445 28 80 84 98 90 139 08 217 75 332 44 473 07 606 68 769 55 833 88 793 77 715 85 607 32 544 06 534 82 85 52 49 88 13 140 24 200 81 335 95 433 31 570 43 688 45 711 88 674 27 574 66 548 11 549 44 40 for Age group and Birth cohort Ischaemic Heart Disease Disease Ischaemic Heart Disease Mortality Rates EA Sex Males v z Mortality Plots Page 2 Country Ratio denominator Country G66L 166 L 0661 9861 S861 L861 0861 9261 G26L LZ6L 0261 9961 S961 1961 0961 9861 GG6L LS6L OG6 L 96 L SP6L LYGL OvV61 9E61 GEGL LEGL O 61 9261 Sc6L 1361 036L 916L GIGL LIGL 016L 906 L S06L LOG L 0061 9681 G68L 168 L 0681 9881 881 1881 0881 9281 G28L LZ8L 0281 9981 a 10000 0 1000 0 100 0 10 0 0 1 1es 19d 000 001 19d 9184 enon Example 2 None Single Country UK Birth cohort 41 Example 3 Mortality Plots Page 5 Country Cohort or Age group Disease UK w Combined 35 74 w Lung Cancer v Country Ratio denominator Relative Scaling Period None Single Country None v Lung Cancer Mortality Rates for Sex and Period 250 0 Mortality Rate per 100 000 per year 200 0 150 0 100 0 50 0 0 0 ee 1951 1955 1956 1960 1961
21. 9 1946 1950 2006 2010 1950 1958 1969 1979 2000 Czechoslovakia 1953 1990 1951 1955 1991 1995 1953 1958 1968 1979 Denmark 1951 2011 1951 1955 2011 2015 1951 1958 1969 1994 Finland 1952 2011 1951 1955 2011 2015 1952 1958 1969 1987 1996 France 1950 2008 1946 1950 2006 2010 1950 1958 1968 1979 2000 Germany 1952 2011 1951 1955 2011 2015 1952 1958 1968 1979 1998 Greece 1961 2010 1961 1965 2006 2010 1961 1968 1979 Hungary 1955 2011 1951 1955 2011 2015 1955 1958 1969 1979 1996 Iceland 1951 2009 1951 1955 2006 2010 1951 1958 1971 1981 1996 Ireland 1950 2010 1946 1950 2006 2010 1950 1958 1968 1979 2007 Israel 1950 2010 1946 1950 2006 2010 1950 1958 1969 1979 1998 Italy 1951 2010 1951 1955 2006 2010 1951 1958 1968 1979 2003 Japan 1950 2011 1946 1950 2011 2015 1950 1958 1968 1979 1995 Netherlands 1950 2011 1946 1950 2011 2015 1950 1958 1969 1979 1996 New Zealand 1950 2009 1946 1950 2006 2010 1950 1958 1968 1979 2000 Norway 1951 2011 1951 1955 2011 2015 1951 1958 1969 1986 1996 Poland 1959 2011 1956 1960 2011 2015 1959 1969 1980 1999 Portugal 1955 2011 1951 1955 2011 2015 1955 1958 1971 1980 2002 Romania 1959 2011 1956 1960 2011 2015 1959 1969 1980 1999 Spain 1951 2011 1951 1955 2011 2015 1951 1958 1968 1980 1999 Sweden 1951 2010 1951 1955 2006 2010 1951 1958 1969 1987 1997 Switzerland 1951 2010 1951 1955 2006 2010 1951 1958 1969 1995 UK 1950 2010 1946 1950 2006 2010 1950 1958 1968 1979 2001
22. Alderson Hospital In Patient Study 1916 1920 1976 1980 MC A c e f USA Harris Harris JE Cigarette smoking among successive birth cohorts of men and women in the 1901 1905 1976 1980 TC ef hi United States during 1900 80 J Natl Cancer Inst 1983 71 473 9 a All data are prevalence except AHIP which has both prevalence and consumption per g Final period based on less than 5 years person data h Single year data have been averaged to give period b Females start later i Data extracted from graph c Data relate to a single year j Corrected for differential mortality d Data given at 10 yearly intervals so alternate periods missing k Early data retrospective combined with later contemporary surveys e Based on 10 year cohorts so pairs of adjacent age groups have duplicate data I Data as given for periods 1920 24 have been entered for 1921 25 etc f Retrospective data m Data published as graph table supplied in personal communication from author 31 Table 5 Definitions of causes of death ICD Revision Lung Cancer IHD Summary Full Summary Full 6 and 7 A050 162 malignant neoplasm of bronchus and trachea and of A081 420 arteriosclerotic heart disease including coronary disease lung specified as primary 421 chronic endocarditis not specified as rheumatic 163 malignant neoplasm of lung unspecified 422 other myocardial degeneration 8 A051 162 malignant neoplasm of trachea lung and bronchus A083 410 AMI 411 other acute and
23. Format axis then the Scale tab and tick Logarithmic scale You must make sure to avoid having a minimum of zero the easiest way to do this is to fix the Minimum at a low value e g 0 1 and setting Crosses at to the same value This 1s shown later in Example 2 e To change the appearance of the axis labels for instance to change the number of decimal places on the y axis labels use Format Axis then choose the Number tab and alter as required On the x axis you can choose the Alignment tab to change the angle at which the labels are displayed There is an Excel problem that if more than 16 colour symbol definitions are in use as is the case for periods and cohorts but not for age groups and if lines are hidden and then the axes are swapped then the colours will change To avoid this have all periods cohorts showing when swapping axes File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc 11 e To change the colours or symbols right click on a line and choose Format Data Series Pattern To display the line label at each point choose Format Data Series Data Labels and tick Series Name e Do not use these methods to change the range of the x axis or to edit its labels Use Plot Settings or edit column AB as described above Then click outside the chart area to de select the plot Click on the Print Plots button to print this plot and its settings Other options for printing and saving the results are discussed below
24. If both are set to the same time then the tobacco statistic is lagged e g if both are set to 10 years previous then the value used is taken from two steps up the diagonal from the current cell If set to different times then the value is calculated as a simple average e g 1f the start is set to 15 years previous and the end to 5 years previous then the value is the average of the 3 2 and 1 steps up the diagonal See Example 9 Some points to note e The result will be set as missing unless all the values in the range are available 1 e are not themselves missing and fall within the subjects lifetime e g consumption 20 years ago will automatically be missing for 15 19 year olds e For the standard ISS survey based data it is implicitly assumed that prevalence and consumption were zero below age 15 So if a lag of 10 years is set data for age groups 15 19 and 20 24 will automatically be zero This assumption is made even for periods with no data available so that these zeros are available for lag average calculations e Consumption during lifetime or adulthood can be calculated by setting the Start point to Age 0 4 or Age 15 19 respectively and End to 0 Current e If creating a Combined age group or using Sexes combined then the simple average lag is calculated first on the original single sex 5 year age group then the population weighted average is calculated In other words only the population at the current time point is
25. International Mortality And Smoking Statistics IMASS Version 4 12 User s guide and Examples 5 March 2015 Barbara Forey John Hamling and Peter Lee P N Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd 17 Cedar Road Sutton Surrey SM2 5DA UK Tel 00 44 0 20 8642 8265 Fax 00 44 0 20 8642 2135 E mail enquiries pnlee co uk File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc 1 Description of the IMASS system ornroonnronnvronrnerrerenrvennvrrnnnerraserreennesenenerresersesnneseneseeresensesnneee 1 1 1 IS O EN A leet nee Rieck E A SE 1 1 2 Data structure Age Period and COWOLt ccssssvecasssesecceesnecetastevadaqaysies etnia ideada dianas creed 1 1 3 Countries included viii di A E E E R E a e ide 2 1 4 Causes of ende ti Den 2 1 5 Data S OURO Si enne dd 3 1 6 Definitions of Cases Of de Miri id 5 2 1 Usine th IMASS system da 8 2 1 Oe ELTA started A s tie cia eee 8 2 2 Using the Mortality Plots Sheet ici rocio 9 2 3 Using the Prevalence Plots sheet and the Lagging or Averaging opti0N ooooo o o 12 2 4 Using the Consumption Plots et A a i 14 2 5 Using the Scatter Plots Shetland 15 26 Using the Combination Plots sheet ii 15 2 7 Using alternative retrospective tobacco data sseeseeseseseeseesetssesrersressesrrssresseseresressessresees 16 2 8 Printine and saving dio a E A a 17 2 9 System requirements and configuration errrerrrrvererrverrrrnnrrrrnnerrrnnerrrneenr
26. USA 1950 2010 1946 1950 2006 2010 1950 1958 1968 1979 1999 USSR 1982 1990 1981 1985 1986 1990 i 1982 Yugoslavia 1960 1990 1956 1960 1986 1990 1961 1968 1979 Not used f Earlier data are available but with insufficient detail a Start and end years are as shown for most diseases Some diseases have missing years see release g Jewish population only to 1974 then total population notes or change history in individual country workbooks for more detail h Data for Switzerland under the 10 revision are available in less detail than for other countries See b First period based on less than 5 years data see Single years Start column Table 5 c Final period based on less than 5 years data see Single years End column j 2000 in Scotland d Data for Czechoslovakia for 1991 for Czech Republic from 1985 and for Slovakia from 1992 are k Data for USSR under the 9 revision are available in less detail than for other countries and it is not available but have not been entered possible to extract data for an equivalent definition of COPD See Table 5 e W Germany former Federal Republic to 1990 unified Germany from 1991 28 Table 2 Availability of sales based tobacco data Country Sales data Tar data MC TC A Start End Start End Start End Start End Australia 1920 2010 1925 2010 1920 2010 1969 1994 Austria 1923 2004 1923 2004 1923 2004 1960 1984 Belgium 1921 2011 1921 2011 1921 2011 19
27. acilities to display the data by single years rather than 5 year periods are accessed from the Year buttons at the foot of the Mortality or Consumption Plot sections of the File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc Index sheet see section 2 10 The raw data can be found in the country workbooks 1f the user wishes to create their own analyses beyond those provided in IMASS see section 2 11 2 2 Using the Mortality Plots sheet On this sheet the user can plot or tabulate mortality data according to a number of factors The mortality data commonly start in the 1950s In all plots on this sheet the mortality rate forms the y axis First decide which factor is to form the x axis of the plot choosing from age group period and birth cohort Then decide which factor is to be represented by lines on the plot choosing from age group period birth cohort sex and country Then click on the button labelled with the two chosen factors on the Index sheet to move there directly or scroll down within the sheet to the relevant page The pages are Period and Age group Age group and Birth cohort Period and Birth cohort Sex and Age group Sex and Period Sex and Birth cohort Country and Age group Country and Period O OI RYG BIR Country and Birth cohort Looking at the first page Period and Age group with the default settings Example 1 will be displayed The content and appearance of the plot can b
28. anernrsessnrssernrsessnrsse 18 210 Temo the Year Plots Sheets curia 18 ZF Ss ls SS 19 Ja Ackmovledsments ci A sis 19 4 References aars SSG NE 20 Appendix IMASS Revision History Summary cccccccccccssscecssececssececsseeeeseeecaeeeeseeeesaeeess 21 Table 1 Availability of mortality data ooroorrrorrrrrrrrrorrrrrnrrrrrrrrrrrrnrrrrnrnrrrnrernrrnnenrnnnrrnnennne 27 Table 2 Availability of sales based tobacco data oooooonnncnnnncninccnoccnoccnnonnconccconoconoconnccnnncnnno 28 Table 3 Availability of survey based tobacco data ooooooonnncccnonocccononoconccononcnononcncnnncnnnnos 29 Table 4 Availability of data from retrospective survey based tobacco data 30 Table 5 Definitions of causes of death ooooooonnoninncnnncninccnoccconccconoconc cono coonncnnnoconcnnnnc con nono ncnnnnos 31 Example 1 Mortality Plots Page Li aos 38 Example 1T Mortality Plots Page 1 Associated Data Table ooooonoccccnnnoocccnocococcncconncnoos 39 Example 2 Mortality Plots Page Zo n a E A RS 40 Example 3 Mortality Plots Pases ns ace Ga ecds en ES 41 Example 4 Mortality Plots Pares iii ia 42 Example 5 Mortality Plots Page 8 Relative Scalidg ooooooononccnnonccccononoconocononnnonononinnnnos 43 Example 6 Mortality Plots Page 8 Sex Ratio oooooooooocccooocccononoconnnocononononcccnnnnnononcnonnnoos 44 Example 7 Mortality Rank Plots Pares a ioe ios
29. ata are now available as single persons rather than hundreds but they remain as hundreds in IMASS b This update has provided one more recent year of mortality data for several countries and 2 more years for Switzerland but removed 1951 data for France c Data for Switzerland for the 10th revision 1995 1997 were previously coded with special G codes these remain for 1995 1996 but 1997 has been recoded and now uses the ICD 10 Tabulation List 1 as do the new years 1998 1999 This involved minor changes to the definition of COPD but more major problems with continuity in respiratory diseases non acute Consequently data for this disease definition are not now included for Switzerland after 1994 d WHO data codes no longer distinguish between the 6 and 7 ICD revisions but the data are unchanged and the start dates for the 7 revision are still shown in Table 5 and in the Country Details worksheet of each country workbook File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc 27 Table 1 Availability of mortality data Country Deaths ICD revision year first used Single years Periods 6 7 8 9 10 Start End Start End Australia 1950 2011 1946 1950 2011 2015 1950 1958 1968 1979 1998 Austria 1955 2011 1951 1955 2011 2015 1955 1958 1969 1980 2002 Belgium 1954 2009 1951 1955 2006 2010 1954 1958 1968 1979 1998 Bulgaria 1964 2011 1961 1965 2011 2015 1964 1968 1980 2005 Canada 1950 200
30. e Example 4 generated on page 8 Notice that the Plot Settings were used to restrict the periods on the x axis in Example 3 and this remained set for Example 4 This is a good page on which to demonstrate two features already mentioned The Relative Scaling Period is shown in Example 5 Note that any line with missing data at the chosen period will disappear as happened with Czechoslovakia in the Example Choosing a period in the centre of the range would avoid this This page is also appropriate for plotting the sex ratio see Example 6 Once a country plot has been updated a further option becomes available to convert the mortality rates into country rankings 1 highest 2 next highest and so on These can be either unadjusted or normalised See Example 7 which is a rank version of Example 4 By default the rank plots are presented in Portrait orientation to allow all 30 countries to be displayed but as only a few countries are included in the example this has be altered by changing the y axis limits as described above and changing the maximum to the number of countries plus one the crosses at value will update automatically and dragging the chart area Using the Prevalence Plots sheet and the Lagging or Averaging option Prevalence data represent the percentage of the population who smoke The data are taken from Supplement 1 to ISS and are estimates based on all the sex specific surveys in ISS standardized to 5
31. e varied in several ways By clicking on the X Axis options buttons e These buttons allow the two factors in the plot to be swapped In this Example if you click on Periods the appropriate labels will appear on the x axis bottom and the age group will appear in the legend side right By using the drop down menus e Data will be for a single country chosen from the Country menu with the Country Ratio denominator set to None Single Country Or for a ratio of two countries choose the numerator country with the Country menu and the denominator in the Country Ratio denominator menu The relevant workbook s will open automatically e Sex can be set to Males Females Males amp Females combined or Male Female Ratio e Disease can be set to Lung Cancer Ischaemic Heart Disease COPD or Respiratory File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc 10 Disease non acute Definitions of these diseases have been discussed in section 1 6 as has the importance of ICD revision changes the timing of these can be seen in Table 1 and in the Country Details sheet of each country workbook By clicking on the Plot Settings button e By default the x axis is scaled to fit all the standard age groups Use Plot Settings then Age groups to show a restricted range or to choose e g alternate age groups Either just click in the individual tick boxes or highlight all the ones you want to add e g by using ctrl cl
32. ect Edit Chart Object then right click in the plot area i e the white area of the plot and select Copy then in Word use Paste Special Picture Enhanced Metafile The plot can be dragged to size either in Excel or in Word but any changes to the labels must be done while still in Excel Another possibility is to create a second copy of a plot within Excel just using simple copy and paste then right click on the new copy of the plot and choose Location As a new sheet This has two purposes e You can create customized labels directly on the second copy rather than by editing in column AB When a change is made to a drop down menu the data will be updated in both copies but labels will be updated only in the original Thus the customized labels will not be destroyed in the second copy Note that you must be careful not to leave erroneous labels e The size of the second copy can be controlled precisely by using Page Setup Margins This will give more accurate sizing than dragging and will avoid the fonts becoming distorted A data table can be transferred to a Word table by using Paste Special Formatted text RTF This is preferable to Paste Cells which also includes any hidden data When transferring results to another Excel file a simple copy and paste will usually create links to the original IMASS files If a stand alone file containing results only is required a data table can be copied using Paste Special Values and
33. emales Sales Y Age group 75 79 y Manufactured Cigarettes MC Unadjusted CPP 2 Manufactured Cigarettes MC xar average USA v None Single Country Males amp Females Sales Age group 75 79 v 7 MC Unadjusted CPP 3 Not Used UK v None Single Country Males amp Females Survey w Age group 70 74 v Manufactured Cigarettes MC Unadjusted Mort 1 UK LC UK v None Single Country Males amp Females y Age group 75 79 v Lung Cancer Mort 2 USA LC USA v None Single Country Males amp Females v Age group 75 79 v Lung Cancer Mort 3 Not Used UK v None Single Country Males amp Females Age group 70 74 Z Lung Cancer Birth Cohort 1836 1840 1841 1845 1846 1850 1851 1855 1856 1860 1861 1865 1866 1870 1871 1875 1876 1880 1881 1885 UK sales 20 y 0 63 1 06 1 61 2 12 2 66 3 22 3 86 4 80 5 50 6 12 6 64 6 88 7 31 US sales 20 y 0 28 0 63 1 16 1 95 2 70 3 50 4 57 5 90 7 32 8 60 9 61 9 97 UK LC 79 55 105 20 153 08 199 17 255 32 307 19 USA LC 58 21 69 48 88 19 113 90 152 48 196 95 Birth Cohort continued 1921 1925 1926 1930 1931 1935 1936 1940 1941 1945 1946 1950 1951 1955 1956 1960 1961 1965 1966 1970 1971 1975 1976 1980 1981 1985 1986 1990 1991 1995 1996 2000 2001 2005 Not Used Not Used Not Used Not Used Not Used Not Used Not Used Not Used Not Used Not Used Not Used Not Used Not Used Not Used Not Used UK sales 20 y 6 30 5 53 US sales 20 y 8 47 7 45 UK LC 356 11 346 79 USA LC 364 43 374 25 54 Example 15 Combination Plots Page
34. ence in five continents Volume III Lyon France IARC 1976 Stephen A Frost C Thompson S Wald N Estimating the extent of compensatory smoking In Wald N Froggatt P editors Nicotine smoking and the low tar programme Proceedings of a symposium Nicotine smoking and the low tar programme London 18 20 November 1986 Oxford New York Tokyo Oxford University Press 1989 100 15 Adlkofer F Scherer G Biber A Heller W D Lee PN Schievelbein H Consistency of nicotine intake in smokers of cigarettes with varying nicotine yields In Wald N Froggatt P editors Nicotine smoking and the low tar programme Proceedings of a symposium Nicotine smoking and the low tar programme London 18 20 November 1986 Oxford New York Tokyo Oxford University Press 1989 116 30 File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc 21 Appendix IMASS Revision History Summary IMASS v4 12 05 03 2015 1 Updated smoking statistics and sales data from the following ISS3 Web edition chapters and the ISS3 Supplement 1 update ISS3 chapter IMASSv4 11 workbooks Netherlands Netherlands xls Poland Poland xls Portugal Portugal xls See release notes and country workbooks for detailed change history 2 Removed deaths for Czechoslovakia xls 1991 to comply with our statement that we would not use WHO data past 1990 for countries that split around that time See release notes and country workbooks for detailed change hi
35. ick then click on the Show Selected Age Groups button Note that you cannot combine age groups at this point in the program e By default all the standard periods are selected All the selected periods are shown in the legend subject to available space and all that have data available appear as lines on the plot Use Plot Settings then Periods to change the periods selected The colours symbols will not be altered e Click on Mortality Plots to get back to your plot e Note that Plot Settings apply to the whole of the Mortality Plots sheet However as we are working in the Age and Period page of the spreadsheet only those settings will affect our current plot By normal Excel facilities e Text can be typed into any of the blank cells outside the chart area e To edit the labels on the plot itself scroll across to the right to column AB where the automatically generated labels will be found Edit as required then press F9 e For other changes to the plot first right click on the plot and choose Edit Chart Object Some of the many possibilities are e To vary the range of the y axis right click on an axis value and select Format Axis Choosing the Scale tab the default settings for the y axis are seen as minimum 0 maximum automatic crosses at 0 These can be changed e g 1f you want to create a series of plots all using the same fixed range e To seta logarithmic scale on the y axis right click on an axis value choose
36. idemic in West Germany J 1926 1930 1981 1985 TC e f h i j Epidemiol Community Health 1993 47 54 8 Germany Heuer Heuer C Becker N Smoking prevalence and lung cancer mortality in Germany J 1921 1925 1991 1995 TC j k l Epidemiol Biostat 1999 4 45 52 Hungary HGPS Estimates derived at PNLSC from Hungarian General Practitioners Study 1936 1940 1991 1995 MC TC e f h Italy LaVecchia La Vecchia C Decarli A Pagano R Prevalence of cigarette smoking among 1906 1910 1976 1980 TC c d e f j subsequent cohorts of Italian males and females Prev Med 1986 15 606 13 Norway Ronneberg Ronneberg A Lund KE Hafstad A Lifetime smoking habits among Norwegian men and 1906 1910 1986 1990 A k women born between 1890 and 1974 Int J Epidemiol 1994 23 267 76 Spain Fernandez Fernandez E Schiaffino A Borr s JM Shafey O Villalbi JR La Vecchia C Prevalence 1916 1920 1986 1990 TC b c d e f j of cigarette smoking by birth cohort among males and females in Spain 1910 1990 Eur J Cancer Prev 2003 12 57 62 Sweden Nordlund Nordlund LA Trends in smoking habits and lung cancer in Sweden Eur J Cancer Prev 1916 1920 1986 1990 A c k m 1998 7 109 16 Switzerland SOMIPOPS Estimates derived at PNLSC from SOMIPOPS Swiss National Health Survey 1981 83 1916 1920 1981 19859 A ef These estimates should be regarded with caution due to some problems in the data set UK HALS ISS2 Appendix V Health and Lifestyle Study 1916 1920 1981 1985 MG A c e f UK AHIP ISS2 Appendix V
37. ilar rule was adopted with the 10 revision of ICD and a bridge File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc coding study showed that the change in the ICD resulted in a rise of 3 in chronic lower respiratory disease deaths compared with the 9 revision A discussion of other aspects of the validity of mortality data is given by Alderson Tables 1 5 are provided for quick reference to the time span for which the different types of data are available This information is also given in the Country Details sheet of each workbook ICD 9 490 494 496 ICD 10 J40 J47 i e the same as our definitions of COPD except for ICD 9 495 and ICD 10 J67 File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc 2 Using the IMASS system 2 1 Getting started The system works in Excel 2000 or later Macros must be enabled some systems default to disallowing macros for virus protection Depending on your screen resolution and ratio it may be preferable to use View then Full screen or alternatively Zoom 75 for the best effect See also section 2 9 System Requirements When the CD is inserted the install program should auto run If it does not run IMASSv4 05install exe from the CD Generally files are installed with Aread only status to prevent accidental corruption of the data although the main file imass xls is installed with read write status so that settings for particular analyses can be saved IMASS Version
38. justment Relative Scaling Period Standard v None x Cigarettes per person per day 12 0 10 0 8 0 6 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 1851 1855 1856 1860 1861 1865 1866 1870 1871 1875 1876 1880 1881 1885 1886 1890 1891 1895 M 1896 1900 I Consumption of Manufactured Cigarettes for Country and Period 1901 1905 1906 1910 1911 1915 1916 1920 1921 1925 1926 1930 1931 1935 1936 1940 1941 1945 1946 1950 1951 1955 1956 1960 1961 1965 1966 1970 1971 1975 1976 1980 1981 1985 1986 1990 1991 1995 1996 2000 2001 2005 2006 2010 pe Oo Oo o 50 Example 12 Scatter Plots Page 2 Period or Cohort a Period for Lagging or Averaging Prevalence Sex Prevalence Period Tobacco Type Prevalence Start Youngest End Oldest Females Y 1986 1990 v All tobacco products A 10 Years previous EI 10 Years previous v Sex Mortality Age Group Disease Mortality Females y Age group 40 44 v Lung Cancer v Prevalence vs Mortality Mortality Rate per 100 000 per year 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Prevalence 51 Example 13 Combination Plots Page 5 10 year lag Country Country Ratio Sex Age group or Cohort Tobacco Type Lagging or Averaging Star
39. le 4 for fuller details of the surveys No attempt has been made to standardize these data The database simply includes the data for the nearest relevant standard period and age group either duplicating data or leaving gaps as appropriate to the individual case For instance many of the sources are based on 10 year birth cohorts and these have been entered by repeating the data for the two relevant age groups The user will need File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc to consider how to use these alternative data sets on an individual basis Their advantage is that they often allow lifetime tobacco history to be estimated over a longer time period than is possible with the main survey based data 1 6 Definitions of causes of death Deaths are coded according to successive revisions of the International Classification of Diseases ICD Countries vary as to when and if they introduce the various revisions see Table 1 In the 1950s the 6 revision was in use and the latest 10 revision published in 1992 is now in use by 26 of the countries Except in the case of the 10 revision Which is used in full data are provided to WHO according to various summary coding lists based on the ICD and some countries use their own more limited versions Changes between the ICD revisions reflect differences in the understanding of the disease process and changes in terminology For instance stroke was a disease of the nervo
40. le Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc 251 16 Changes to the drop down menus are not immediately reflected in the plot Instead a marker Update Req is shown alongside the line in question and an Update Required button is displayed over the plot When all the line definitions are ready click on the Update Required button and all the changes to the plot are implemented If you make any changes to the drop down menus from the Data Table part of the sheet then you will be transferred back to the plot in order to carry out the update In the legend the lines are simply labelled as Mort1 Mort2 etc but these can be replaced by more meaningful labels by using Plot Settings then editing in the relevant sections of column K or N If you require a long label split over 2 lines as in Example 14 use the keystroke combination lt Alt gt lt Ret gt to insert a hard return in the cell text like this US sales lt Alt gt lt Ret gt 20 year average or use the following formula format US sales amp CHAR 10 amp 20 year average If a long label causes the legend to overlap with the axis labels use Edit Chart Object right click in the legend and choose Format Legend Placement Right On pages 2 and 5 with Period on the x axis there is also a scaling option This applies to all the lines causing the data to be scaled relative to a chosen period In this case it will probably be desirable to change the y axis
41. lia 1976 80 2001 05 1971 75 2001 05 1941 45 2001 05 1976 80 1991 95 1971 75 2001 05 ABS NHS Hyndman Austria 1951 55 2006 10 1951 55 2006 10 1951 55 2006 10 1971 75 2006 10 1971 75 2006 10 x Belgium 1971 75 2006 10 1961 65 2006 10 1951 55 2011 15 1976 80 2006 10 1976 80 2006 10 x Bulgaria 1986 90 1986 90 1986 90 x x x Canada x 1956 60 2001 05 1966 70 2001 05 x 1961 65 2001 05 Ferrence Czechoslovakia 1961 65 1986 90 1961 65 1986 90 1961 65 1986 90 1981 85 1986 90 1981 85 1986 90 x Denmark 1976 80 2001 05 1951 55 2006 10 1951 55 2006 10 1971 75 2001 05 1951 55 2006 10 x Finland 1956 602 2006 10 1956 602 2006 10 1946 50 2006 10 1956 60 2006 10 1956 60 2006 10 x France 1956 60 2001 05 1956 60 2001 05 1951 55 2006 10 1956 60 2001 05 1961 65 2001 05 x Germany 1956 60 2001 05 1946 50 2001 05 1946 50 2001 05 1966 70 2001 05 1966 702 2001 05 Brenner Heuer Greece 1956 60 1991 95 1956 60 1991 95 1956 60 1991 95 1956 60 1986 90 1956 60 1986 90 x Hungary 1961 65 2011 15 1961 65 2011 15 1961 65 2011 15 1966 70 2011 15 1966 70 2011 15 HPGS Iceland 1981 85 1991 95 1981 85 1991 95 1966 70 1991 95 1981 85 1981 85 x Ireland 1956 60 2011 15 1956 60 2011 15 1961 65 2011 15 1956 60 2006 10 1956 60 2006 10 x Israel 1961 65 1991 95 1961 65 1991 95 1961 65 1991 95 1961 65 1991 95 1961 65 1991 95 x Italy 1946 50 2006 10 1946 50 2006 10 1961 65 2006 10 1946 50 2006 10 1946 50 2006 10 LaVecchia Japan 1946 50 2006 10 194
42. n 525 other chronic interstitial pneumonia 526 bronchiectasis 527 other diseases of lung and pleural cavity including emphysema 8 A093 490 bronchitis unqualified As COPD 491 CB A094 500 hypertrophy of tonsils and adenoids 492 emphysema A095 510 empyema 493 asthma 513 abscess of lung A096 501 peritonsillar abscess 502 chronic pharyngitis and nasopharyngitis 503 chronic sinusitis 504 deflected nasal septum 505 nasal polyp 506 chronic laryngitis 507 hay fever 508 other diseases of URT 511 pleurisy 512 spontaneous pneumothorax 514 pulmonary congestion and hypostasis 515 pneumoconiosis due to silica and silicates 516 other pneumoconiosis and related diseases 517 other chronic interstitial pneumonia 518 bronchiectasis 519 other diseases of respiratory system including COPD CB chronic bronchitis COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease URT upper respiratory tract 33 Table 5 Definitions of causes of death continued 2 ICD Revision COPD continued Respiratory Diseases non acute continued Summary Full Summary Full 9 except B323 490 bronchitis not specified as acute or chronic As COPD USSR 491 CB B313 470 471 deflected nasal septum and nasal polyps 492 emphysema B314 472 473 chronic pharyngitis nasopharyngitis and sinusitis 493 asthma B315 474 chronic diseases of tonsils and adenoids B324 494 bronchiectasis B319 475
43. n as the x axis factor a single drop down menu is provided to allow one only of the other two to be chosen The third is thus implicitly fixed e On page 5 Sex and Period a facility is available to allow an age group to be defined as a combination of standard age groups This can be weighted either to the actual population 1 e unweighted or to a standard population WHO World or European standard populations or a Custom standard population can be defined as any country year Click on Combined Age Group Settings to define the combined group and then choose it from the bottom of the Cohort or Age group drop down menu File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc 2 3 12 e Also on page 5 a facility is available to allow the data in all lines to be scaled relative to a chosen period This has the effect of forcing all the lines to pass through a single point at value 1 and the relative changes in the statistic may be more clearly seen This is demonstrated later in Example 5 The final pages 7 9 of the Mortality Plots sheets offer plots for multiple countries Here unlike the earlier pages any changes to the drop down menus including changes to the Combined Age Group Settings and Relative Scaling Period on page 8 only are not immediately implemented in the plot Instead an Update Country Plots button appears When this is clicked the relevant country workbooks are each opened in turn and the plot is built up Se
44. ng All Tobacco Products for Sex and Age group 70 0 60 0 50 0 40 0 fa 2 o A 300 20 0 10 0 0 0 15 19 20 24 25 29 30 34 35 39 40 44 45 49 50 54 55 59 60 64 65 69 70 74 75 79 80 84 85 Age group Zl End Oldest 0 Current Period for Lagging or Averaging Start Youngest v 0 Current Relative Scaling Period None 48 y for Country and Period Tobacco Type Tar Adjustment Unadjusted Consumption of Manufactured Cigarettes v Manufactured Cigarettes MC Cohort or Age group Age group 70 74 Sex amp Source 0102 9002 5002 1007 0002 9661 5661 1661 0661 9861 5861 1861 0861 9261 SL61 1Z61 0261 9961 S961 1961 0961 9961 S961 1961 0961 9p61 Sv61 Lp6L 061 9861 SE6I LEGL 0861 9261 961 1261 0261 9161 SL6L LLGL 0161 9061 5061 L06L NE 0061 9681 Il 5681 1681 0681 9881 5881 1881 0881 9281 k 1281 1281 0281 9981 5981 1981 0981 9581 S981 198L 2 co e Ko 2 0 0 0 Q v 12 0 10 0 Aep 1ad uosiad sad sayaJebly Example 10 Consumption Plots Page 8 Males amp Females Sales x Period 49 Example 11 Consumption Plots Page 8 Tar Adjusted Sex amp Source Males amp Females Sales x Cohort or Age group Age group 70 74 e Period for Lagging or Averaging Start Youngest End Oldest v 0 Current 0 Current 7 Tobacco Type v Manufactured Cigarettes MC Tar Ad
45. obally for the whole plot including headings Format Chart Area Font Using the Combination Plots sheet This sheet allows plots to be constructed showing lines for both mortality and tobacco statistics with each line individually defined The first three pages have Age Period and Cohort on the x axis respectively Both Consumption and Mortality are available on the y axis with the scale relevant to the tobacco statistics shown on the left and the scale relevant to the mortality statistics on the right The next three pages repeat the sequence with Prevalence and Mortality On each plot up to 3 tobacco lines and 3 mortality lines can be drawn If less than the full 6 lines are required use Plot Settings to hide unwanted ones See Example 13 generated on page 5 where the third mortality line has been hidden by unticking the Mort 3 box in the Prev amp Mort for Period section Then for each line in turn use the drop down menus to choose Age including combined age group Period or Cohort except for the one in use on the x axis Sex including combined and ratio and Country including country ratio Other options applicable to the tobacco lines are Tobacco type Tar adjustment not available for prevalence and Lagging averaging and to the mortality lines Disease Note that in the consumption plots the choice between Sales and Survey based data is made by the Sex 8 Source drop down since sales data are not sex specific Fi
46. onally based data for 30 countries on mortality from eighteen smoking related diseases and on tobacco and smoking statistics Facilities are provided to help the user explore the relationships in the data via a variety of standard plots and tabulations Data structure Age Period and Cohort In general the data are organized in tables where the rows represent 5 year periods and the columns 5 year age groups 0 4 5 9 10 14 15 19 20 24 80 85 and 85 for males and females separately The diagonals of such a table can be interpreted as representing the lifetime experience of people born around the same time e g people aged 0 4 in 1901 1905 would be aged 5 9 in 1906 1910 and aged 10 14 in 1911 1915 etc Thus the diagonals of the table correspond approximately to the experience of a birth cohort One of the main objectives of this system is to allow mortality from smoking related diseases for a group of people to be related to their tobacco consumption history as recorded at various periods of their life A cell in the mortality table relates to a group of people dying at a specified age and period Their lifetime tobacco history can be found by starting at the equivalent cell in the corresponding tobacco table and working backwards up the diagonal of this table Facilities for this type of analysis are provided In general and subject to availability results are presented by 5 year periods starting at 1851 1855 and continuing to 2006 2
47. ory IMASS v4 04 18 3 2009 1 Facility added for displaying single year data mortality and sales in plots Changes to method for setting up tables of single year data 2 Updated smoking statistics and sales data from the New Zealand chapter of ISS3 Web edition File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc 24 IMASS v4 03 26 1 2009 1 Population and mortality data updated from the World Health Organization WHO as of 14 April 2008 2 Updated smoking statistics and sales data from the following ISS3 Web edition chapters and the ISS3 Supplement 1 update Austria Denmark Germany Switzerland 3 Facility added to allow display of single year tables of mortality and sales for all countries 4 Minor changes in handling of missing population data See release notes and country workbooks for detailed change history IMASS v4 02 15 11 2007 1 Fixed bug in Prevalence plot settings for Birth cohort and Sex not correctly selecting lines on associated plots 2 Fixed bug in Prevalence plot settings for Country not correctly selecting lines on associated country Rank plots IMASS v4 01 5 11 2007 1 IMASS v4 01 contains updated smoking statistics and sales data from the following ISS3 Web edition chapters and the ISS3 Supplement 1 update ISS3 chapter IMASSv4 01 workbooks Australia Australia xIs Canada Canada xls Japan Japan xls United Kingdom UK xls USA USA xls See release notes and country wo
48. ot or scatter plot These plots now operate with an Update button which triggers the automatic opening of each relevant country workbook in turn 3 An Index button available throughout to return to the Index sheet 4 Within the mortality prevalence and consumption sheets data settings made through drop down menus are now shared between pages 1 6 and between pages 7 9 rather than throughout the whole sheet None are shared between sheets 5 Ranking is now available on country plots 6 Colours and symbols have been improved 7 There is improved consistency in the method of selecting Source sales or survey and Sex for consumption data 8 Plot labels and title are now in worksheet cells in column AB to allow for easy editing Previously this had to be done as a chart edit 9 In multi country and combination plots any gap in a data series now shows as a gap on the plot rather than being bridged by a straight line 10 Selection of alternative tobacco data sources is now done in the main workbook accessed via the Index page Alternative data source added for Spain 11 Mortality and population data have been updated using WHO data as at 2 September 2003 File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc 26 a Although WHO has added provision for the 85 age group to be split into 85 89 90 94 and 95 such data are available only for very recent years and they remain combined in IMASS Population d
49. ountry File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc 17 menu or in a legend the abbreviated name of the data set will also be shown Note that the generic labels Source 2 or Source 3 are used in Plot Setting and are initially displayed until a plot is updated The country name is not altered on the Mortality Plots sheets See Example 16 using UK HALS Because this data set relates to 10 year birth cohorts it is appropriate to show only alternate cohorts 2 8 Printing and saving results As mentioned earlier the Print Plots button prints out the current plot with its settings Use the normal Excel print facilities to change the printer properties When working on drafts for a report a quick way of saving a sequence of plots and their settings is to select and copy the relevant area including one column to the right of the plot and then in Word set the page to Landscape and use Paste Special Picture Enhanced Metafile Each plot will fill naturally one page The Worked example was generated by this method Alternatively Alt PrintScreen in Excel and a simple paste in Word will give a screen image By these methods the drop down settings are stored as part of a graphic so the format and wording cannot be edited Data tables can be copied by the same methods For plots in a more polished report it may be better to type the headings directly into Word and copy just the plot right click on the plot and sel
50. periods matching those used for mortality but starting earlier if available They have been entered so far as they are available for three product categories e manufactured cigarettes MC e total cigarettes i e including hand rolled TC and e all tobacco products A They are given as number or grams for all tobacco products per adult per day They commonly start around the 1920s but go back much earlier for a few countries Where original sales data are not available for all 5 years an average from the File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc available years is used As with mortality data mentioned above the first and last periods are commonly based on less than a full 5 years Note that sales based consumption data are not age or sex specific Tar data sales weighted average machine yield mg per cigarette are also available for some countries from ISS commonly starting around the 1960s Tar is assumed to be 35 mg cigarette up to 1955 except in the very few instances of actual data before that year with simple linear interpolation used to fill in missing years Tar data are also not age or sex specific The availability of sales based tobacco consumption and tar data is shown for each country in Table 2 The main survey based data consist of prevalence for each of the three product categories as a percentage and consumption of manufactured cigarettes and of total cigarette
51. plasm of larynx 155 malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts specified as primary gr B100 161 malignant neoplasm of larynx B095 155 0 Malignant neoplasm of liver primary site excludes 155 1 intrahepatic bile ducts 10 except Switzerland C32 malignant neoplasm of larynx C22 malignant neoplasm of liver and intrahepatic bile ducts 10 Switzerland 1033 Same as other countries 1031 Same as other countries 35 Table 5 Definitions of causes of death continued 4 ICD Revision Oesophageal Cancer Oral Cancer Summary Full Summary Full 6 and 7 A045 150 malignant neoplasm of oesophagus A044 140 to 148 malignant neoplasm of respectively lip tongue salivary gland floor of mouth O amp U parts of mouth oral mesopharynx nasopharynx hypopharynx and pharynx unspecified 8 A046 150 malignant neoplasm of oesophagus A045 140 to 149 malignant neoplasm of respectively lip tongue salivary gland gum floor of mouth O amp U parts of mouth oropharynx nasopharynx hypopharynx and pharynx unspecified gr B090 150 malignant neoplasm of oesophagus B08 140 to 149 malignant neoplasm of respectively lip tongue major salivary glands gum floor of mouth O amp U parts of mouth oropharynx nasopharynx hypopharynx and other ill defined sites within the lip oral cavity amp pharynx 10 except C15 malignant neoplasm of oesophagus C00 to
52. ple 10 Males amp Females Sales has been chosen e Sales data are also not age specific and so when current or lagged data have been chosen 1 e 1f Start and End are set the same the choice of Age group does not affect the results However if an average e g Start Age 15 19 End 0 Current has been set then the Age group setting will affect the result Setting a lag for sales data simply shifts the data It is possible to choose sales data for e g a Sex and Age group plot but this is not particularly appropriate as the data will all be the same e Tar Adjustment is chosen as None Standard or Sq root Standard In Standard adjustment consumption is expressed in constant tar cigarettes estimated as number of cigarettes x tar 35 where 35mg is the standard tar yield per cigarette assumed before 1955 Sq root Standard i e square root of Standard involves an adjustment proposed to f 14 15 model compensation by smokers when smoking lower tar cigarettes T ar adjustment can be applied to any tobacco type although its relevance is primarily to manufactured cigarettes See Example 11 Note that tar adjustment is only possible where tar data are available or have been estimated see section 1 5 and Table 2 Thus in Example 11 many of the lines stop earlier than in Example 10 Notice that in Examples 10 and 11 a wider range of periods has been set via Plot Settings than in Examples 3 5 because sales data
53. ral haemorrhage 533 peptic ulcer site unspecified 432 occlusion of pre cerebral arteries 433 cerebral thrombosis 434 cerebral embolism 435 transient cerebral ischaemia 436 acute but ill defined cerebrovascular disease 437 generalized ischaemic cerebrovascular disease 438 other and ill defined cerebrovascular disease gr B341 531 gastric ulcer B29 430 subarachnoid haemorrhage 532 duodenal ulcer 533 peptic ulcer site unspecified 431 intracerebral haemorrhage 432 other amp unspecified intracranial haemorrhage 433 occlusion and stenosis of pre cerebral arteries 434 occlusion of cerebral arteries 435 transient cerebral ischaemia 436 acute but ill defined cerebrovascular disease 437 other and ill defined cerebrovascular disease 438 late effects of cerebrovascular disease 10 except K25 gastric ulcer 160 Subarachnoid haemorrhage Switzerland K26 duodenal ulcer 161 Intracerebral haemorrhage K27 peptic ulcer site unspecified 162 Other non traumatic intracranial haemorrhage 163 Cerebral infarction 164 Stroke not specified as haemorrhage or infarction 165 Occlusion and stenosis of precerebral arteries 166 Occlusion and stenosis of cerebral arteries 167 Other cerebrovascular diseases 169 Sequelae of cerebrovascular disease 10 1079 Same as other countries 1069 160 to 169 Switzerland 37 Table 5 Definitions of causes of death con
54. red or change to automatic by Tools Options Calculation Automatic The raw data i e for single years rather than 5 year periods as used in most provided analyses can be found in the country workbooks Data type Sheet Start row Numbers of deaths Deaths Male Deaths Female 143 Population in hundreds Pop Male Pop Female 43 Sales and tar Tobacco Data 43 Prevalence and survey based consumption are not available for single years If changes are to be made to a country workbook remove the Read only attribute from the file properties You should always open the main IMASS workbook first before opening the country workbook and save changes to the country workbook before returning to IMASS Additional tobacco data sources can be added to a country workbook by adding the source description to rows 59 or 60 of the Country Details sheet and entering the data in the appropriate Retro or Retro 2 sheet e g Prev MC Male Retro 3 Acknowledgments We thank the tobacco industry for providing generous financial support towards the development of IMASS We are grateful to WHO for making publicly available the mortality data used in IMASS The authors are responsible for the accuracy of transferring the data into IMASS and the implementation of the software File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc 4 10 11 12 13 14 15 20 References Lee PN Fry JS Forey BA Estimating age
55. rganic dust farmers Ung ee J68 J70 RC due to inhalation of chemicals gases etc pneumonitis due to solids and liquids RC due to other external agents J80 J82 adult respiratory distress syndrome pulmonary oedema pulmonary eosinophilis NEC J84 J86 other interstitial pulmonary diseases abscess of lung and mediastinum pyothorax J90 J94 other disease of pleura J95 J96 postprocedural RD NEC respiratory failure NEC J98 J99 other RD RD in DCE 10 1076 J40 J47 i e same as other countries except not possible Switzerland excludes J67 hypersensitivity pneumonitis due to organic dust farmer s lung etc CB chronic bronchitis COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease DCE diseases classified elsewhere NEC not elsewhere classified RC respiratory conditions RD respiratory disorders URT upper respiratory tract 34 Table 5 Definitions of causes of death continued 3 ICD Revision Bladder Cancer Breast Cancer Summary Full Summary Full 6 and 7 181 malignant neoplasm of bladder and other urinary A051 170 malignant neoplasm of breast organs 8 188 malignant neoplasm of bladder A054 174 malignant neoplasm of breast gr B126 188 malignant neoplasm of bladder B113 174 malignant neoplasm of female breast 175 malignant neoplasm of male breast 10 except Switzerland C67 malignant neoplasm of bladder C50 malignant neoplasm of breast 10 Switzerland 1041 Same as other co
56. rkbooks for detailed change history IMASS v4 00 27 9 2007 1 IMASS v4 00 contains updated population and mortality data from The World Health Organisation WHO as of 17 Nov 2006 There have also been some minor changes to pre 1950 population in some countries to bring IMASSv4 00 in line with the population data used in the International Smoking Statistics publication ISS The updated population data will be used for ISS3 Web Edition See release notes and country workbooks for detailed change history File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc 25 IMASS v3 02 31 01 2007 1 Excel 2003 compatibility issues fixed IMASS v3 01 23 05 2006 1 Dropdown menu corrections in main IMASS workbook Note The specific source of the standardizing populations World Standard and European Standard was mistakenly not included in the documentation of Version 3 It is given here for information only and will be included in a future release of the documentation International Agency for Research on Cancer Waterhouse J Muir C Correa P Powell J editors Cancer incidence in five continents Volume HI Lyon France IARC 1976 IMASS v3 00 8 3 2004 1 Country workbooks are now opened automatically when required and Excel background calculations are off This gives a considerable improvement in performance and ease of use 2 There is no longer a limit on the number of countries that can be included in a country pl
57. ronic is combined with CB and emphysema in the same WHO broad summary code in the 8 and 9 revisions ii COPD a term only commonly used in the last 20 years or so is classified with other respiratory disease in the 6 7 and 8 revisions iii emphysema is classified with other respiratory disease in the 6 and 7 revisions and iv asthma is included under allergic disorders and not as a respiratory disease at all in the 6 and 7 revisions and cannot be separately identified from the available data After studying the coding systems at some length it became clear that there was no entirely satisfactory solution The definition of COPD finally selected as detailed in Table 5 is comparable enough for the 9 and 10 revisions but will lead to some discontinuities earlier which may vary by country As an alternative data for respiratory diseases non acute are also included This broader disease grouping has fewer continuity problems but includes various diseases that are not associated with smoking It should also be noted that there are numerous rules used when carrying out the coding and that these may vary between countries and from time to time For instance the death coded is the underlying cause but between 1985 and 1992 England and Wales adopted its own version of the rule to determine the underlying cause resulting in a substantial drop in the death rate from pneumonia in that period A sim
58. s as number per person per day adjusted to total sales Both these types of data are taken from Supplement 1 to ISS which made estimates from all the survey data presented in ISS for standardized age groups and averaged them by sex x 5 year period x 5 year age group These estimates assume that there were no smokers below the age of 15 Prevalence estimates commonly start around the 1950s with consumption estimates commonly starting in the 1960s Fuller details of the availability of the main survey based tobacco data are shown for each country in Table 3 It should be noted that the original surveys on which these estimates are based were drawn from a wide variety of sources as discussed in the Methods section of ISS and some cautions regarding the estimation process are discussed in the supplement The main survey based data derive from studies in which subjects are asked about their current smoking habits For eleven countries alternative survey based data sets are also available These are based on studies in which subjects are asked about their lifetime smoking history see ISS2 Appendix V and Supplement 2 fora description of this retrospective method and a discussion of some of its advantages and disadvantages These data commonly relate to birth cohorts born after about 1890 and do not involve the assumption of no smoking below age 15 They are taken from various published sources and are not derived on a consistent basis see Tab
59. section 2 8 Click on the Data Table button to display the equivalent data table The columns correspond to the x axis factor and the rows to the lines from the plot Normal Excel facilities can be used here e g to change the number of decimal places displayed Those settings which are controlled by the drop down menus can be changed here too in which case the plot will also be updated The Print Table button prints the table see Example 1T When finished click on Go to Mortality Plots which takes you back to the original position in the plot sheet The next few pages of the Mortality Plots sheet for single country or country ratio plots share many of the features already described Example 2 shows a plot generated on page 2 Age group and Birth cohort A restricted age range has been chosen via Plot Settings and a Log Scale set on the y axis via Edit Chart Settings Example 3 generated on page 5 Sex and Period illustrates some features relevant to pages 4 6 e The x axis factor is already fixed since the other factor i e sex cannot be used on the x axis and so must appear as the lines e Although the available lines include the M F ratio it is unlikely that this will be required alongside the other Male Female and Combined lines since the scale will be inappropriate It can be hidden via Plot Settings See also Example 6 below e Since age period and birth cohort are interdependent and since one of these must be chose
60. settings so that both tobacco and mortality have the same maximum value using Edit Chart Object then Format Axis Scale as previously described See Example 15 Note in this case the plot axes are not automatically labelled as relative In the example the labels have been edited manually Note that when two y axis scales are in use it is not possible to have grid lines If all mortality lines are hidden the mortality scale is hidden However if all the tobacco lines are hidden then the plot border the background shading and x axis scale get hidden as well as the tobacco scale this appears to be a deficiency in Excel which can be got round by first right clicking on each mortality line and choosing Format Data Series Axis Primary Axis before deselecting the tobacco lines Then edit the y axis label to Mortality Using alternative retrospective tobacco data As described in section 1 5 alternative survey based data sets are available for 11 countries To choose an alternative data set go to Country Settings from the Index Information on the available sources can be displayed by choosing a country then clicking the Display Survey Sources button The data sets can be chosen from the Survey Source drop down menus Any country scatter or combination plots already using tobacco data for the country in question will immediately be marked as needing update Thereafter whenever the country in question is displayed either in a C
61. sex and period specific constant tar cigarette consumption in the UK Letter Thorax 1993 48 679 Forey BA Lee PN Fry JS Updating UK estimates of age sex and period specific cumulative constant tar cigarette consumption per adult Thorax 1998 53 875 8 World Health Organization WHO Mortality Database http www3 who int whosis Forey B Hamling J Hamling J Lee P editors International Smoking Statistics A collection of historical data from 30 economically developed countries Web edition Sutton UK P N Lee Statistics amp Computing Ltd 2006 2007 www pnlee co uk iss htm Forey B Hamling J Lee P Wald N editors International Smoking Statistics A collection of historical data from 30 economically developed countries 2nd edition London and Oxford Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine and Oxford University Press 2002 Errata available at www pnlee co uk ISS2 htm Forey B Lee P Estimation of sex specific smoking statistics by standardized age groups and time periods Supplement 1 to International Smoking Statistics a collection of historical data from 30 economically developed countries 2nd edition Sutton Surrey P N Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd 2002 www pnlee co uk reflist htm Download ISS2suppl1 FOREY2002C Forey B Hamling J Hamling J Lee P Estimation of sex specific smoking statistics by standardized age groups and time periods Supplement I to International Smoking Statistics a collection of hi
62. storical data from 30 economically developed countries web edition Update notes Sutton Surrey P N Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd 2007 www pnlee co uk iss htm Forey B Lee P Estimating past smoking habits by an indirect method An investigation into a method based on recall with application to Great Britain Supplement 2 to International Smoking Statistics a collection of historical data from 30 economically developed countries 2nd edition Sutton Surrey P N Lee Statistics and Computing Ltd 2002 www pnlee co uk reflist htm Download ISS2supp12 FOREY2002D Darby SC Doll R Stratton IM Trends in mortality from smoking related diseases in England and Wales In Wald N Froggatt P editors Nicotine smoking and the low tar programme Proceedings of a symposium Nicotine smoking and the low tar programme London 18 20 November 1986 Oxford New York Tokyo Oxford University Press 1989 70 82 Rooney C Devis T Mortality trends by cause of death in England and Wales 1980 94 the impact of introducing automatic coding and related changes in 1993 Popul Trends 1996 86 29 35 Brock A Griffiths C Rooney C The impact of introducing ICD 10 on analysis of respiratory mortality trends in England and Wales Health Stat Q 2006 29 9 17 Alderson M International Mortality Statistics London The Macmillan Press 1981 International Agency for Research on Cancer Waterhouse J Muir C Correa P Powell J editors Cancer incid
63. story 3 Minor change to Belgium Hungary amp Ireland Country Details to show source as ISS Web edition Rather than ISS2 IMASS v4 11 14 11 2013 1 Population and Mortality data updated from the World Health Organization WHO as of 1 May 2013 2 Updated smoking statistics and sales data from the following ISS3 Web edition chapters and the ISS3 Supplement 1 update ISS3 chapter IMASSv4 11 workbooks Belgium Belgium xls Hungary Hungary xls Ireland Ireland xIs See release notes and country workbooks for detailed change history 3 Excel 2010 compatibility Previous versions of IMASS had only been tested on versions of Excel up to Excel 2007 for this version IMASSv4 I 1 testing was extended to include Excel 2010 During this testing it was noted that Excel 2010 would regularly crash The problem was traced to a bug in Excel 2010 which sometimes crashes when attempting to calculate an entire worksheet The problem appears to be confined to Excel 2010 as no problems have been seen on earlier versions of Excel A work around for this Excel 2010 bug has been implemented in this release of IMASSv4 11 IMASS v4 10 14 01 2013 1 Norway Population and Mortality data updated from the World Health Organization WHO as of 9 July 2012 2 Updated smoking statistics and sales data from the following ISS3 Web edition chapters and the ISS3 Supplement 1 update 1883 chapter IMASSv4 10 workbooks Norway Norway xls See release no
64. subacute IHD 412 chronic IHD 413 angina pectoris 414 asymptomatic IHD gr B101 162 malignant neoplasm of trachea lung and bronchus B27 410 AMI 411 other acute and subacute IHD 412 old MI 413 angina pectoris 414 other forms of chronic IHD 10 except Switzerland C33 malignant neoplasm of trachea C34 malignant neoplasm of bronchus and lung 120 angina pectoris 121 AMI 122 subsequent MI 123 certain current complications following acute MI 124 other acute IHD 125 chronic IHD 10 Switzerland 1034 Same as other countries 1067 Same as other countries AMI acute myocardial infarction IHD ischaemic heart disease MI myocardial infarction 32 Table 5 Definitions of causes of death continued 1 ICD Revision COPD Respiratory Diseases non acute Summary Full Summary Full 6 and 7 A093 501 bronchitis unqualified As COPD 502 CB A094 510 hypertrophy of tonsils and adenoids A097 511 peritonsillar abscess A095 518 521 empyema and absess of lung 512 chronic pharyngitis and nasopharyngitis A096 519 pleurisy 513 chronic sinusitis 514 deflected nasal septum 515 nasal polyp 516 chronic laryngitis 517 other diseases of URT 520 spontaneous pneumothorax 522 pulmonary congestion and hypostasis 523 pneumoconiosis due to silica and silicates occupational 524 other specified pneumoconiosis and pulmonary fibrosis of occupational origi
65. t Youngest End Oldest Prev 1 i Prev 1 me UK w None Single Country Males Age group 60 64 w Manufactured Cigarettes MC 10 Years previous 10 Years previous v Prev 2 a k Tc UK w None Single Country Males w Age group 60 64 w Total Cigarettes TC Y 10 Years previous v 10 Years previous v Prev 3 i All Tob UK Y None Single Country Males _ Age group 60 64 LY All tobacco products A w 10 Years previous 52 10 Years previous v 1 Relative Scaling Period Mort 1 LC UK dl None Single Country Males Age group 60 64 _ Lung Cancer Se g iii Mort 2 None a copp UK w None Single Country Y Males Y Age group 60 64 COPD y Prevalence amp Mortality for Period 120 100 80 o 5 2 5 60 gt o 2 a 40 20 0 1941 1945 1946 1950 1951 1955 1956 1960 1961 1965 1966 1970 1971 1975 1976 1980 1981 1985 1986 1990 1991 1995 1996 2000 2001 2005 Period Example 14 Combination Plots Page 3 20 year average 52 Country Country Ratio Sex 8 Source Period or Age group Tobacco Type Tar Adjustment Lagging or Averaging Start Youngest End Oldest CPP 1 i l l i ar average UK v None Single Country Y Males amp Females Sales Y Age group 75 79 Manufactured Cigarettes MC 20 Years previous Unadjusted w 5 Years previous y PP2 a USA None Single Country Males amp
66. ter b Restricted age range for initial period s for females See references 6 7 for further detail c Restricted age range for initial period s 1981 2000 missing and not interpolated as more than 3 consecutive missing periods d Restricted age range for initial period s for males females start later j 1981 2010 missing and not interpolated as more than 3 consecutive missing periods e Restricted age range for final period s 30 Table 4 Availability of data from retrospective survey based tobacco data Country Name Source Periods Product Notes Start End Australia ABS NHS Australian Bureau of Statistics personal communication Based on 1989 90 National 1906 1910 1986 1990 MC c d e f Health Survey Australia Hyndman Hyndman J Hobbs M Jamrozik K Hockey R Parsons R A retrospective cohort study 1906 1910 1976 1980 A f h i of smoking habits in Australia In Durston B Jamrozik K editors Tobacco and health 1990 The global war Proceedings of the 7th world conference on tobacco and health Perth Western Australia 1st 5th April 1990 189 Royal Street East Perth Western Australia 6004 Organising committee of the Seventh World Conference on Tobacco and Health 1990 264 7 Canada Ferrence Ferrence RG Sex differences in cigarette smoking in Canada 1900 1978 a 1911 1915 1976 19809 TC e f h i reconstructed cohort study Can J Public Health 1988 79 160 5 Germany Brenner Brenner H A birth cohort analysis of the smoking ep
67. tes and country workbooks for detailed change history File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc IMASS v4 09 30 01 2012 1 Adult population was extended using a copy of the most recent year available to allow consumption per adult per day for 2006 2010 to be calculated using the latest tobacco sales Canada Canada xls Updated 26th Jan 2012 Consumption per adult per day for 2006 2010 are based on population from 2005 USA USA xls Updated 26th Jan 2012 Consumption per adult per day for 2006 2010 are based on population from 2005 2 Updated smoking statistics and sales data from the following ISS3 Web edition chapters and the ISS3 Supplement 1 update ISS3 chapter Australia Canada United Kingdom USA IMASSv4 09 workbooks Australia xls Canada xls UK xls USA xls See release notes and country workbooks for detailed change history IMASS v4 08 30 11 2011 1 Minor correction to population for Italy 2 Updated smoking statistics and sales data from the following ISS3 Web edition chapters and the ISS3 Supplement 1 update ISS3 chapter Denmark Finland France Germany Italy Japan New Zealand Spain Switzerland IMASSv4 08 workbooks Denmark xls Finland xls France xls Germany xIs Italy xls Japan xls New Zealand xls Spain xIs Switzerland xls See release notes and country workbooks for detailed change history IMASS v4 07 21 07 2011 1 Population and
68. the nervous system and sense organs entitled vascular lesions affecting central nervous system while in later revisions 1t was a subset of disease of the circulatory system entitled cerebrovascular disease File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc For IHD the definitions used in the 8 9 and 10 revisions are also quite comparable However the definitions used in the 6 and 7 revisions are somewhat broader It has been suggested that comparability might be obtained by using codes 420 422 1 in the 6 and 7 revisions but data are not available from WHO for such detailed codes Examination of 1965 data for England and Wales showed that deaths for summary code A081 as used in the database were about 11 higher for men and 25 higher for women than deaths for 420 422 1 so the discontinuity is not a minor one Given that the alternative was not to have any IHD data before about 1968 when the ICD 8 revision came in it seemed better to include earlier data using a somewhat different definition but making it clear that there was a problem of non comparability when studying time trends For COPD the problem is more complex Ideally for comparison with smoking data one would have liked a disease definition which included the terms chronic bronchitis CB emphysema and COPD However there were a number of problems 1 asthma as well as bronchitis unqualified as to whether it is acute or ch
69. ties are available to view certain types of data as single years 1 3 Countries included 30 countries are included as shown below Coverage is essentially complete for Europe but elsewhere is restricted to some major developed countries One limiting factor is the availability of sufficient smoking data for useful study another is that mortality data submitted to WHO for some other countries are only regional based on inadequate death registration and or cover only a very limited period of time Australia Greece Poland Austria Hungary Portugal Belgium Iceland Romania Bulgaria Ireland Spain Canada Israel Sweden Czechoslovakia Italy Switzerland Denmark Japan UK Finland Netherlands USA France New Zealand USSR Germany Norway Yugoslavia Between World War II and reunification data for Germany relate to West Germany only Data for Czechoslovakia USSR and Yugoslavia are only included up to 1990 1 4 Causes of death included The system currently contains mortality data for eighteen diseases Bladder Cancer Breast Cancer Cervical Cancer Colorectal Cancer Larynx Cancer Liver Cancer Lung Cancer Oesophageal Cancer Oral Cancer File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc Pancreatic Cancer Stomach Cancer All Cancer Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary COPD Ischaemic Heart Disease IHD Peptic Ulcer Respiratory Diseases non acute Stroke All Causes See section 1 6 and table 5 for details of how
70. tinued 6 ICD Revision All Cancer All Causes Summary Full Summary Full 6 and 7 A044 to A059 140 148 150 165 170 181 amp 190 205 A000 All Causes B18 All Malignant neoplasms including neoplasms of lymphatic and haemotopietic system 8 A045 to A060 140 163 171 174 amp 180 207 A000 All Causes B19 All Malignant neoplasms including other neoplasms of lymphatic and haemotopietic tissue g B08 to B14 140 165 170 175 amp 179 208 B00 All Causes except USSR All Malignant neoplasms including Hodgkin s disease and leukaemia 508 USSR Same as other countries B08 B14 10 except C00 to C97 All Malignant neoplasms including non Hodgkin s lymphoma and AAA All Causes Switzerland leukaemia 10 1027 to1046 Same as other countries C00 C97 1000 All Causes Switzerland 38 Example 1 Mortality Plots Page 1 Country Sex Disease UK Males Lung Cancer SA Country Ratio denominator None Single Country v 4 Lung Cancer Mortality Rates for Period and Age group 900 0 800 0 700 0 600 0 500 0 400 0 300 0 Mortality Rate per 100 000 per year 200 0 100 0 0 0 15 19 20 24 25 29 30 34 35 39 40 44 45 49 50 54 55 59 60 64 Age group 65 69 70 74 75 79 80 84 85 Example 1T Mortality Plots Page 1 Associated Data Table Country Sex Disease 39 UK v Males Country Ratio denominator None Single Country wY 15 19 20 24 25 29
71. untries 1036 Same as other countries ICD Revision Cervical Cancer Colorectal Cancer Summary Full Summary Full 6 and 7 A052 171 malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri A047 152 Malignant neoplasm of small intestine including duodenum 153 Malignant neoplasm of large intestine excluding rectum A048 154 Malignant neoplasm of rectum 8 A055 180 malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri A048 152 Malignant neoplasm of small intestine including duodenum 153 Malignant neoplasm of large intestine excluding rectum A049 154 Malignant neoplasm of rectum and rectosigmoid junction gr B120 180 malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri B092 152 Malignant neoplasm of small intestine including duodenum B093 153 Malignant neoplasm of colon B094 154 Malignant neoplasm of rectum rectosigmoid junction anus 10 except C53 malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri C17 malignant neoplasm of small intestine Switzerland C18 malignant neoplasm of colon C19 malignant neoplasm of rectosigmoid junction C20 malignant neoplasm of rectum C21 malignant neoplasm of anus and anal canal 10 1037 Same as other countries 1030 Same as other countries but excluding C17 small intestine Switzerland ICD Revision Larynx Cancer Liver Cancer Summary Full Summary Full 6 and 7 A049 161 malignant neoplasm of larynx 155 malignant neoplasm of biliary passages and of liver stated to be primary site gr A050 161 malignant neo
72. us system up to the 7 revision and of the vascular system subsequently while COPD is a term of only relatively recent origin These changes can make it difficult to extract consistently defined series of mortality data The actual definitions used for the eighteen disease groupings are detailed in Table 5 As can be seen from Table 5 there is no real difficulty in obtaining a comparable disease definition from the data available for the various ICD revisions for many of the cancers Indeed the definitions are essentially identical throughout for breast cancer cervical cancer larynx cancer lung cancer oesophageal cancer nasal cancer pancreatic cancer and stomach cancer while changes in definitions for other cancers would have little effect on the trend in rates Here we have Bladder cancer The 6th and 7th revisions include but later revisions exclude malignant neoplasms of other urinary organs including urethra Colorectal cancer While the 9th and 10th revisions include cancers of the anus and rectosigmoid junction the 6th and 7th revisions omit both these cancers while the 8th revision omits cancer of the anus Liver cancer The 9th revision excludes but other revisions include cancer of intrahepatic bile ducts The definition of peptic ulcer is also comparable in successive revisions That for stroke also seems quite comparable though it should be noted that in the 6th and 7th revisions stroke was a subset of diseases of
73. used e Some limitations on the validity of this process have been described in section 1 2 Note also that the 85 age group is clearly wider than 5 years so 1ts use in lagged or averaged calculations is not recommended File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc 2 4 Using the Consumption Plots sheet Consumption data are of two types Sales data are taken from ISS and are given as number of cigarettes or grams for all tobacco products per adult per day They start commonly around the 1920s but much earlier for a few countries Tar data mg per cigarette are also available for some countries commonly starting around the 1960s Where original sales data are not available for all 5 years an average from the available years is used and for tar data a value of 35 mg is assumed up to 1955 with a simple linear interpolate used across any missing period Survey data are taken from Supplement 1 to ISS and have been estimated similarly to the prevalence data They are given as number of cigarettes or grams for all tobacco products per person per day This sheet is very similar to the Prevalence Plots sheet with some additional options e Either sales based or survey based consumption data can be chosen Since sales based data are not sex specific whereas survey based data are this is combined with the choice of sex on a single drop down menu for pages 1 3 and 7 9 and in Plot Settings for pages 4 6 In Exam
74. year age groups and 5 year periods They are structured in the same way as the mortality data and commonly start around the 1950s If X countries are selected but at a particular point data are available for only Y countries normalised ranks are plotted where Normalised rank Rank X 1 Y 1 This adjustment ensures that the country in the middle stays in the middle and the countries with the highest and lowest ranks stay symmetrically near the top and bottom of the figure File Ref N IMASS IMASSv4 docs IMASSv4UserGuideAndExamples doc 13 This sheet is arranged into the same 9 pages as the Mortality plots sheet and all the features described above apply Two extra options are available here Firstly the Tobacco Type is chosen as Manufactured cigarettes Total cigarettes i e including hand rolled or All tobacco products The second special facility added here is Lagging or Averaging In Example 8 the Lag or Average Start and End settings top right are both set to the default values of 0 Current so the data relate directly to the period shown exactly as for mortality plots As described in section 1 2 a simple approximation to the lifetime tobacco history relevant to a particular cell in the mortality table can be found by starting at the equivalent current cell in the tobacco table and working backwards up the diagonal of the table The Lag or Average Start and End drop down menus top right allow this to be carried out

IMASSv4 User Guide And Examples

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents