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1. Table 10 Derivation of neighbourliness variable Composite variable Derivation Answer categories Recip Number of forms of reciprocity out of do favour receive favour neighbours look out for each other neighlk 1 recip 1 If one of favdone favrecd neighlk 21 recip 2 If only one or none of recip 3 If favdone 1 amp favrecd 1 amp favdone favrecd neighlk 1 2 3 forms of reciprocity 3 2 forms of reciprocity 4 O 1 9 missing Recip2 Had done a favour and received a favour from a neighbour and thought that neighbours looked out for one another If favdone 1 and favrecd 1 and neighlk 1 recip2 1 1 high reciprocity Notes and references DeVellis R F 1991 Scale development Theory and applications SAGE London Streiner D L and Norman G R 1995 Health Measurement Scales A practical guide to their development and use Second Edition Oxford University Press Oxford p 86 gt For more details of the question see Coulthard M Walker A and Morgan A 2001 Assessing people s perceptions of their neighbourhood and community involvement Part 1 A guide to questions for use in the measurement of social capital based on the General Household Survey module Health Development Agency London The web address is http www hda online org uk downloads pdfs peoplesperceptions pdf Cooper et al 1999 The Influence of Social Support and Social Capital on Hea
2. The development of the final scales was influenced by the results of the analysis together with knowledge of which questions fitted together conceptually Therefore the formation of the scale was dependent on the researcher s judgement as well as the results from the statistical techniques Once the variables had been selected for each scale the final factor score for each respondent was calculated by adding the score for each variable in the scale and dividing by the number of variables in the scale to give a mean score Each variable within the scale carried the same weight This method was used rather than weighting the answers based on the loading scores from the factor analysis as there is evidence that weighting makes very little difference to a scale especially as those items which only have a small influence are eliminated Also weighting would have added complexity making the scale more difficult to explain How to derive the scales used in the analysis of the GHS social capital module The local facilities score variable name lafscale For each variable shown under the heading local facilities in Table 1 convert the codes to values ranging from zero to one using the conversion shown in Table 2 For code 6 don t know or don t have any experience assign the mean score for the questions based on those who gave an answer in the range 1 5 This is done by summing the converted zero to one scores for these people and divid
3. 2 thru 920 ELSE Copy INTO ethwhite VARIABLE LABELS ethwhite ethnic group white VALUE LABELS ethwhite 1 white 2 other ethnic group MISSING VALUES ethwhite 6 8 9 FORMAT ethwhite F2 0 EXECUTE RECODE segead3 1 THRU 4 1 5 THRU 7 2 8 9 6 3 INTO manualb VALUE LABELS manualb 1 NON MANUAL 2 MANUAL 3 no category VARIABLE LABELS manualb manual amp no category FORMAT manualb F2 0 EXE recode age lo thru 29 1 30 thru 39 2 40 thru 49 3 50 thru 59 4 60 thru 69 5 70 thru hi 6 ELSE COPY into age10 value labels age10 1 16 29 2 30 9 3 40 9 4 50 9 5 60 9 6 70 EXE recode numveh 2 thru hi 1 1 2 0 3 else 9 into carj value labels carj 1 2 cars 2 1 car 3 0 car 9 missing missing values carj 9 EXE recode tenure1 121 223 322 8 9 9 else2copy into tenj value labels tenj 1 owner 2 private renter 3 social renter 9 missing missing values tenj 9 EXE RECODE dvmardf 121 222 722 323 424 5 5 6 5 INTO dvmardf2 VARIABLE LABELS dvmardf2 dvmardf grouped VALUE LABELS dvmardf2 1 married 2 cohabiting amp SSC 3 single 4 widowed 5 div sep FORMAT dvmardf2 F2 0 MISSING VALUES dvmardf2 6 8 9 EXECUTE Page 1 of 2 compute ftpt 9 if dvilo3a eq 1 and ftpte eq 1 ftpt 1 if dvilo3a eq 1 and ftpte eq 2 ftpt 2 if dvilo3a eq 1 and stat eq 2 ftpt 3 if dvilo3a eq 2 ftpt 4 if dvilo3a eq 3 ftpt 5 value
4. 5 e o ree T Meee 1 Other household membe csseesseeeeseeeeceeceececeeeeeeeaeeeeaeeaaaenes 2 Relative outside household eese 3 uio PE EE 4 NeiShbout s sees Sabet ep eR bte estu deoa 5 Voluntary or other organisation eeeeeeeeeeeeee eene 6 eue C RE 7 Would prefer not to ask for help ee 8 Ask selected adult 51 Money You are in financial difficulty and need to borrow 100 Could you ask anyone for help Yes aGnisuhi esp nb t oni abe RET 1 NO Suicide ur eR T E 2 Don t know It depends esie sederet 3 Ask if could ask someone for help if in financial difficulty or answers don t know depends Money 1 or 3 52 Monyhelp Can you look at the card and tell mewho you would ask for help CODE UP TO 3 ANSWERS SHOW CARD L Husband wife partner cccceeseeesscesssceecceccceeccceeceececeeaeeesaeescceees 1 Other household membe sseessseesseeeecceceeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeaeeaaaenes 2 Relative outside household cccccessccceeeceeecceeesceeeusseeesseeeeeeaes 3 Brien EE 4 Neighbours DIEI UR IH REED IE 5 Voluntary or other organisation eeeeeeeeeeee eene 6 Othet TEE 7 Would prefer not to ask for help ce cseeesseesseeseeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeees 8 Page 13 of 14 Ask selected adult 53 Ncrisis If you had a serious personal crisis how many people ifiny do you feel you could turn to for comfort and su
5. 4 0 Neighbourliness neighlk favdone favrecd Answer categories original code recode yes 1 1 no 2 0 for Neighlk don t know 3 0 5 for Favdone and Favrecd just moved into the area Neighbourliness spkneigh Answer categories original code recode every day 1 1 5 or 6 days a week 2 0 86 3 or 4 days a week 3 0 71 once or twice a week 4 0 57 once or twice a month 5 0 43 once every couple of months 6 0 29 once or twice a year 7 0 14 not at all in last 12 months 8 0 Page 6 of 17 How to derive the composite summary variables used in the GHS social capital module analysis Composite summary variables were developed to summarise the data from sets of questions for which scaling techniques were not appropriate This method was used for summary variables relating to civic engagement social support and social networks For each of the topics there is a written description of the composite variables a table which shows all the questions relating to that topic and a table showing the derivation of the composite variables Questionnaire variables are referred to in the text by their variable name and are in italics Composite variable names are shown in bold An additional summary variable was also derived for neighbourliness which is described at the end of this section Civic Engagement Tables 3 amp 4 Four composite variables were derived relating to civic engagement The final variable described is an overall
6. action to solve a local problem LocActGr 1 in the past three years and had not answered positively to Informed Influenc or Lserv were classified as not civically engaged Notce The negative value was taken because it seemed conceptually more simple and therefore easier to understand a summary variable which identified people who showed no indication whatsoever of being civically engaged It should be noted that the converse of this did not necessarily identify those who could be described as civically engaged since the remaining group encompassed a broad spectrum of the population Social networks Tables 5 amp 6 Three variables were created to summarise people s social networks Two identified support by friends and support by relatives separately as these have been found to show different relationships with respect to health A final summary combined these two Those who were described as having a satisfactory friendship network were those people who saw or spoke to friends at least once a week Phonefri 1 4 OR Seefrnd 1 4 and had at least one close friend who lived nearby Closefri 1 2 or 3 Frndnet Those who were described as having a satisfactory relatives network were those people who saw or spoke to relatives at least once a week Phonerel 1 4 OR Seerel 1 4 and had at least one close relative who lived nearby Closerel 1 2 or 3 Relnet Those who did not have a satisfactory friendsh
7. help Numill2 Count number of 0 No sources of help number of sources of answers where 1 One source of help informal help if ill IIIHelp 1 to 5 2 Two sources of help 3 At least three sources of help Nummony2 Count number of 0 No sources of help 1 2 3 1 Lowsuprt IF Has low social support Has low social support Nerisis 0 2 THEN Lowsuprt 1 Page 14 of 17 Table 9 Additional social support composite variables Composite variable Derivation Answer categories Lifthhld If LiftHelp 1 or 2 1 can ask household member for a lift Whether can ask LiftHhld 1 0 can t ask household member for a lift household member for a ELSE lift LiftHhld 0 Liftrel If LiftHelp 3 1 can ask relative outside household for a Whether can ask LiftRel 1 lift relative outside ELSE 0 can ask relative outside household for a household for a lift LiftRel 0 lift Liftfrne If liftHelp 4 or 5 1 can ask friend or neighbour for a lift Whether can ask friend LiftFrne 1 0 can t ask friend or neighbour for a lift or neighbour for a lift ELSE LiftFrne 0 Liftoth If liftHelp 6 or 7 1 can ask organisation other for a lift Whether can ask LiftOth 1 0 can t ask organisation other for a lift voluntary or other ELSE organisation for lift or LiftOth 0 answered other Numlift Count number of 0 No sources of help number of sources of answers where 1 One source of help help for l
8. labels ftpt 1 FT employee 2 PT employee 3 self emp 4 UE 5 not in labour market 9 missing missing values ftpt 9 EXE recode ftpte full time part time RECODE ftpte 121 222 ELSE 9 INTO ftpte2 VARIABLE LABELS ftpte2 ftpt only VALUE LABELS ftpte2 1 full time 2 part time 9 no info FORMAT ftpte2 F2 0 MISSING VALUES ftpte2 9 EXECUTE CROSSTABS TABLES ftpte BY ftpte2 FORMAT AVALUE TABLES CELLS COUNT GOR were recoded to combine Merseyside with the North West MISSING VALUES govreggb recode govreggb 322 ELSE COPY into GOR2 VARIABLE LABELS GOR2 GOR recoded value labels GOR2 1 North East 2 North West inc Merseyside 4 Yorks and Humber 5 East Midlands 6 West Midlands 7 Eastern 8 London 9 South East 10 South West 11 Wales 12 Scotland FORMAT GOR2 F2 0 EXE MISSING VALUES govreggb GOR2 6 8 9 Page 2 of 2 Variable Description 1 2 Serial number 3 Schedule type 4 Whether selected for the social capital module Note everyone on this file has been selected therefore has a value of 1 but it is useful if this file is combined with the main GHS file 5 Whether they answered the GHS module 6 7 Social capital weights one of which has been scaled so it has a mean of one which was used in the logistic regression analysis See Appendix E of the Social Capital Report for information on
9. summary The question involved was combined with its subsidiary question active to produce a composite variable categorising those who had not been involved in local organisations in the past three years those who had been involved without responsibilities and those who had been involved with responsibilities Actinv The answers to the multiple response question Locact were combined to create a variable classifying those who had taken action in the past three years to solve a local problem and those who had not Those who said they had only thought about taking action were included in the had not group Locactgr Answers to the questions Informed Influenc and Lserv were combined to produce a summary variable classifying respondents as feels civically engaged does not People who answered yes to Informed and Influence and strongly agreed or agreed at Lserv were described as feeling civically engaged In other words these were people who felt that they could personally affect decisions in the area that local people acting together could influence decisions in the neighbourhood and who were well informed about local affairs LocNews was excluded as it was felt this was not measuring the same concept Cefeel The overall summary variable for civic engagement identified those who were described as not civically engaged Those who had not had involvement in a local organisation involve Page 7 of 17 1 who had not taken an
10. tre ep erbe a 2 AVerage cis tee ni Ee eR D URP EISE dee saved aii 3 POOLE E dette tienen 4 Very POO oia se Heer E qi e eben dd 5 Don t know or have had no experience eeeeneel 6 Page 3 of 14 14 Transprt What is your main form of transport Car Motorcycle Moped bebe to mde Eee 1 Public transport ie buses and trains cceeeeeeeceeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeees 2 Gd DEM pu 3 Walking RE D T 4 OucdM c D MM 5 Neyer goes QU i ertet esee eo 6 15 Loctrans Would you say this area has good local transport for where you want t et to Yes SUDO T E 1 MM 2 Don t know A Rp eatem ER ret ie eese lee eee PEOR 3 16 Walkday How safe do you feel walking alone in this area during daytime Do you feel RUNNING PROMPT VELY Sates TS 1 fairly Safe nane n eei e iD ee 2 ADTA ENDI DIT i LAEE A ees e Pte es cer errore de teens 3 Very umsafe A eee teet e EE Cnt eret ree roe Ped 4 or do you never go out alone during daytime seessss 5 17 Walkdark How safe do you feel walking alone in this area after dark Do youfeel RUNNING PROMPT Very Safes cu S epo E queer n E OH EORR A 1 fairly Sales ain de OR wa PER RTI soe 2 Pit UNSA es oou eene DR hr RO RR PRETEREA 3 very unsafe 5 un eer ERU CI RR ARES SE ER PORE EA 4 or do you never go out alone after dark eseees 5 Page 4 of 14 18 Informed Thinking of the same local a
11. 13 to 17 SHOW CARD F Mery Goods ioi ano ED acacia EE AAR ASAE E AA RE ine TEENEI 1 Good iced ee eo pepe e REP ERR RO DECOR MEE tates Aidit 2 AVerageu s ni ee nete one E 3 POOR ninlei Gne nre ORO AE 4 Very POOP ne nemo eene P ERROR 5 Don t know or have had no experience eeeeneeel 6 Page2 of 14 10 Bins Rubbish Collection SHOW CARD F Very GO00d o ee Ee nire e ELE eee GO00d Pee EEEE T A THE VOR T tant eec STEE EEE E a E VELA GCs E EE Man NTE pe EEE E E AEETI dvo 4 Very POOR ss ete RETE RN aay ERES ERR A URS Don t know or have had no experience eeeeneel 11 Lochlth Local Health services e g your GP or the local hospital SHOW CARD F Very Good cate ee ith e G00d iicsbisnESheneeSneis e pnt niri 2 cnl n P Of hubnsseshe ue I SHEER IRSE ER IE Ier ERE FRUES 4 cadum 5 Don t know or have had no experience eeeneeel 6 12 Schools Local schools colleges and adult education SHOW CARD F Very GOOG ss rece etiem pari Eee te die Rete GOO senses scettr io e Cot eerte reor eb E eno 2 AXVeL age iu cess dieses rrr E POPE EIU rb reve rec PEE NESE e ET bees POOR ndisse rre E HE reser NEED 4 Very Poot ee site nre er RD Rr REED TCR 5 Don t know or have had no experience eeeeneel 6 13 Police Local police service SHOW CARD F Very Good irent e ER gen E oid 1 Good te ERO ento e
12. User Guide Introduction This document was produced as the second part of a user guide for researchers using the GHS Social Capital question set in their own survey to be published by the Health Development Agency This explains some of the layout and explanation which data users may not require However since the guide employs the variable names used in the GHS data set we have used the same document to act as a description of the social capital derived variables for users of the data set Summary variables and the development of the scales The GHS question set covered five aspects of social capital e civic engagement e neighbourliness and reciprocity e social networks e social support e views about the local area The design of the question set and therefore the summary variables allow separate identification of these five different aspects Maintaining these aspects separately simplifies the interpretation of any relationships with possible outcomes such as health Thus no overall summary variable of social capital was developed This also facilitates further use of the question set and the associated summary variables in different contexts where it is possible that not all of these aspects would be relevant or carry equal weight Summary variables were derived for each of the five aspects of social capital examined in this study In most cases more than one summary was derived Two forms of summary variables wer
13. cR REESE RETIRO 2 3 0r4 daysa Week io eee Bra et Re ire REDE RE 3 once or twice a week eene enn nennen nennen 4 once or twice a MONTH cece cee cece cceesceeceneeceneccuceeneceeeeeensaeeees 5 once every couple of MOMEHS ce eeeeeeesseeesteeeceececeeeceeeceeeeeeeeeered 6 on ce Or TWICE a year events i EO RII aa SEEE TES E EE REM secant 7 not at all in last 12 months essseeeeett enne 8 Page 10 of 14 42 Phonefri Speak to friends on the phone SHOW CARDK Everyday ena a eo nO ere peer P ER eee PE e 1 5 or6 days week eei Er HERI ered ede ee N ael 2 3 0r4 days a Week courte eoe e p eed Des 3 once or twice Week eese sete etienne e Lea ar enean genua 4 once or twice a MONE ec eeeeeccececceeecceceeeeeeceeeeeaeaeeeeeeeeeeteeeees 5 once every couple of months eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeed 6 ONCE OF twice a year o sisse eee ee edet eaen e E RE 7 not at all in last 12 months sssssssseeeeeeeeeeenee 8 43 Seefrnd See friends SHOW CARD K Every day issn ete eH 1 5 00 6 days week neci eee epe ire er EEEE EENS 2 Stor d ys week aiias contener 3 once OF twice a week enne eene eene 4 once or twice a MONE eeeeeccececceeecceceeeeeeceeceeaeaeeseeeeeeeteeeees 5 once every couple of months eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeed 6 One Of twice a yedi iis e peteret eter nies p Die ees 7 not at all in last 12 Momths cece eee cc eee teee cece eeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeee 8 44 S
14. d help For each one could you tell me if you would ask anyone for help You need a lift to be somewhere urgently Could you ask anyone for help bi E cS 1 INO 2 Gites terr EE EN gh seas PERENNE E 2 Don t know It depends aisis eoon tenian tiro rrean Es aeii 3 Ask if could ask for lift or answers don t know depends lifts 1 or 3 48 Lifthelp Ask selected adult 49 Illbed Can you look at the card and tell mewho you would ask for help CODE UP TO 3 ANSWERS SHOW CARD L Husband wife p rtnet a eee dde a 1 Other household membe sseesseesseeeeeceeceeeeceeeeceeeeeeaaeeaaaenes 2 Relative outside household cccccessccceeceeeecceeesceeceeseeesseeeeeues 3 Prend sib curtis iia ieee GHI ai ie 4 Neigh bouts ainai aa ieadatenatesiad inh ree a VETA IEE 5 Voluntary or other organisation eeeeeeeeeeeeem eee eee 6 Other ih spen PINO RR DIE I 7 Would prefer not toask for help eee 8 You are ill in bed and need help at home Could you ask anyone for help YES Guneeichnemeibenhgc sce neBeeneg cp Eee 1 INO 2 e A E EE roe rer ede ia extre ep Erg eer ee UR E Ree shees 2 Don t know It depends neies ea eredarit 3 Page 12 of 14 Ask if could ask someone for help if ill in bed or answers don t know depends Illbed 1 or 3 50 IlIhelp Can you look at the card and tell mewho you would ask for help CODE UP TO 3 ANSWERS SHOW CARD L Husband wite partnet
15. d highest Variable names lafscalg lapscalg neghbr Dichotomous variables were produced to identify these groups low local facilities not laflow high local problems not laphigh2 high neighbourliness not neghbr Page 4 of 17 Table 1 Variables included in each scale Summary scale Variable Question name Local facilities score lafscale alpha coefficient 0 6 Leisyou Social amp leisure facilities for people like yourself Leiskids Facilities for young children up to the age of 12 Leisteen Facilities for teenagers those aged 13 to 17 Lochlth Local Health services e g your GP or the local hospital Schools Local schools colleges and adult education Police Local police service Local problems score lapscale alpha coefficient 0 8 traffic The speed or volume of road traffic parking Parking in residential streets carcrime Car crime e g damage theft and joyriding rubbish Rubbish and litter lying around dogmess Dog mess graffiti Graffiti or vandalism noisenbr Level of noise teenager Teenagers hanging around on the streets alcdrug Alcohol or drug use Neighbourliness score neiscal2 Alpha coefficient 0 7 Knownbr Would you say that you know most many a few of the people in your neighbourhood or that you do not know people in your neighbourhood Trustnbr Would you say that you trust most many a few of the people in y
16. e been involved in a local organisation Involved z 1 23 Active In the last three years have you had any responsibilities in thXthese organisation s such as being a committee member raising funds organising events or doing administrative or clerical work YOS Mc EM E 1 INOS utenti erede ee mi aGaiiueeryt te AE N eta bans 2 Ask selected adult 24 Traffic Still thinking about the same area can you tell me how much of a problem these things are 5 The speed or volume of road traffic SHOW CARD H Very bis problemie cca te lel eines 1 Fairly big problem trem rete eevee 2 Minor problem b gn E Pee HEP st ere REPE es 3 Not at alla problem osni ien EE IV rain eds 4 It happens but is not a problem eene 5 Dori t KNOW seeen eer Ret REEF teet iet Pe ee POS 6 25 Parking Parking in residential streets SHOW CARD H Very big prtoblem eceeree etd ree ce eerte teet 1 Fairly bis pr bleim eem ert det cues e creer ee eere rt eons 2 Minor proble sneen i a teste regt eee eG tee 3 Not tall a probletm trier ree R ette boned 4 It happens but is not a problem eee 5 Dort KNOW 4 eec te eee rre e eese Proteus e ne tn 6 26 Carcrime Car crime e g damage theft and joyriding SHOW CARD H Very bis problemi eec en dte ete ada 1 Fairly big problem tete externe cps rea ERR ERR ERR ts 2 Minor pr blem oeaseice i eee e RERO E ERR oaeoi ESNE 3 Not at all a prob
17. e derived Where possible scaling procedures were used to produce scales Where this was not appropriate because of the question design composite variables were created Page 1 of 17 Developing scales A scale combines variables which tend to vary together and that make conceptual sense to be grouped together Thus these variables can be interpreted as measuring some underlying concept Two scales were produced from the local area questions one based on the perception of local facilities and the other on local problems One scale was produced from the questions relating to neighbours to create a neighbourliness score Since scales have been developed for the GHS module other researchers may recreate the scales without having to go through the development work see next Section A brief description of the development work is given here for background information Scales were derived using factor analysis This makes it possible to see which questions fitted together on a scale by looking at the correlation between the variables The analysis shows how many dimensions are contained within the data and the proportion of variance attributed to each In the case of views on the local area all the questions were initially analysed in the same factor analysis and this identified most of those relating to facilities and most of those relating to problems as two separate components Alpha reliability tests were carried out o
18. ed without local organisation over the If Involved 1 and Active responsibilities last 3 years and whether 2 3 Involved with had responsibilities ActInv 1 responsibilities If Involved 1 and Activ 1 ActInc 2 Locactgr If LocAct 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 0 No action taken Whether took action to solve a local problem LocActGr 1 If LocAct 5 or 6 LocActGr 0 Took action Cefeel Feels civically engaged If informed 1 AND influenc 1 Feels civically engaged AND lserv 1 OR Lserv 0 Does not 2 CEfeel 1 Notce If informed 1 or influenc Not civically engaged lorlserv 1orlserv 2or 1 Lacks civic engagement involved 1 or locactgr 1 NotCE 0 ELSE NotCE 1 Does not Page 11 of 17 Table 5 Social networks questionnaire variables Question Question Answer categories name Phonerel How often do you speak to relatives on the Every day phone 2 5or6 days a week 3 3 or 4 days a week 4 Once or twice a week Seerel How often do you see relatives 5 Once or twice a month 6 Once every couple of Phonefri How often do you speak to friends on the months phone 7 Once or twice a year Seefrnd How often do you see friends 8 Not at all in the last 12 months Closerel How many relatives that you feel close to live 1 One or two within a 15 20 walk or a 5 10 minute drive 2 Three or four 3 Five or more Closefri How many friends t
19. hat you feel close to live 4 None within a 15 20 walk or a 5 10 minute drive Table 6 Derivation of social network composite variables Composite variable Derivation Answer categories Frndnet IF 1 Hasa satisfactory Whether has a satisfactory Closefri 1 2 or 3 friendship network friendship network AND 0 Does not Phonefri 1 4 OR Seefrnd 1 4 THEN Frndnet 1 Relnet IF 1 Has a satisfactory relatives Whether has a satisfactory Closerel 1 2 or 3 network relatives network AND 0 Does not Phonerel 1 4 OR Seerel 1 4 THEN Relnet 1 Nosnet Whether has neither a satisfactory relatives or satisfactory friendship network IF Frndnet 0 AND Relnet 0 THEN Nosnet 1 1 Has neither network 0 Has one or other or both Page 12 of 17 Table 7 Social support questionnaire variables Question name Question Answer categories Lifts You need a lift to get somewhere urgently Could you ask anyone for help Yes No Don t know It depends Lifthelp Who would you ask for help Husband wife partner Other household member Relative outside household Friend Neighbour Voluntary or other organisation Other Would prefer not to ask for help Illbed You are ill in bed and need help at home Could you ask anyone for help Yes No Don t know It depends Illhelp Who would you ask for help Husband wife partner Other ho
20. here neighbours look out for each other bic ECC EE LEE ME MEME 1 NO UEM 2 TOI SIUE DUE E 3 Page 9 of 14 38 Favdone In the past 6 months have you done a favour for a neighbour Yes unuiinet eee RERUM HERES 1 NO 2 gnnbberer in Rer rre sistas EE E E CaS 2 SPONTANEOUS Just moved into the area seneeees 3 39 Favrecd And in the pst 6 months have any of your neighbours done a favour for you bi e ES 1 No e e EE ethics aah Ue IE CET 2 SPONTANEOUS Just moved into the area eee ee eeeeeeceeneeneee 3 40 Phonerel The next few questions are about how often you see or speak to your relatives and friends Not counting the people you live with how often do you do any of the following Please choose your answer from the card Speak to relatives on the phone SHOW CARD K Every day zs shi hain Da nnU E 1 S OBO days a Week osoro e epe tpe eset tre shes ESE E bees 2 3 or4 days Week isset ertet ns ps owing t eet ere eee eor roh 3 once or TWICE a Week eee cse ee rre e evt e eoe e HS 4 once or twice a MON cece cee cece cceeeceeceueeceeeceueceeueceeeeeesaeeees 5 once every couple of MOMEHS ccc eeeeeeenseensteeeceeecceeeceeeceeeeeeeeeeeed 6 once or twice yea esoo a pe Eee REEERE EEND Eeo P EEEIEE REESI 7 not at all in last 12 months essseeseetn enne 8 41 Seerel See relatives SHOW CARD K Every day idea wc epoca e ener 1 Sor 6 daysa Week i5 ceca tu eee ERR Tet fe
21. ictim of any of the following crimes in the past 12 months CODE ALL THAT APPLY SHOW CARD J Theft or break in to house or flat esee 1 Theft or break in b car parked in the area eeeseeeeesss 2 Personal experience of theft or mugging in the area 3 Physical attack in the area i e hit or kicked in a way that hurt you 4 Racist attack in the area either verbal or physical 5 None of these 30 ooi tete e Shere say eee poe 6 35 KnowNbr Now I would like to ask you a few questions about your more immediate neighbourhood by which I mean your street or block Would you say that you know RUNNING PROMPT most of the people in your neighbourhood sssssssss 1 many of the people in your neighbourhood seessss 2 a few of the people in your neighbourhood esses 3 or that you do not know people in your neighbourhood 4 36 TrustNbr Would you say that you trust RUNNING PROMPT most of the people in your neighbourhood essssssss 1 many of the people in your neighbourhood seeess 2 a few of the people in your neighbourhood esee 3 or that you do not know people in your neighbourhood 4 37 Neighlk Would you say this neighbourhood is a place w
22. ift LiftHelp 1 to 7 2 Two sources of help 3 At least three sources of help Numlift2 Count number of 0 No sources of help number of sources of answers where 1 One source of help informal help for lift LiftHelp 1 to 5 2 Two sources of help 3 At least three sources of help Illhhid If IIHelp 1 or 2 1 can ask household member for help if ill Whether can ask IllHhld 1 0 can t ask household member for help if ill household member for ELSE help if ill IllHhld 0 Illrel If IllHelp 3 1 can ask relative outside household for Whether can ask IlIRel 1 help if ill relative outside ELSE 0 can ask relative outside household for household for help if ill IIIRel 0 help if ill Ilifrne If IIHelp 4 or 5 1 can ask friend or neighbour for help if ill Whether can ask friend llFrne 1 0 can t ask friend or neighbour for help if or neighbour for help if ELSE ill ill IllFrne 0 Illoth If IIIHelp 6 or 7 1 can ask organisation other for help if ill Whether can ask IllOth 1 0 can t ask organisation other for help if ill voluntary or other ELSE organisation for help if IllOth 0 ill or answered other Numill number of sources of help if ill Numlll2 number of sources of informal help if ill Count number of answers where IlIHelp 1 to 7 Count number of answers where IIIHelp 1 to 5 No sources of help One source of help Two sources of help At least three sources of help No
23. ing by the number of people The final score for an individual is calculated by summing the new values for each variable and dividing by the number of variables in the scale The local problems score variable name lapscale This is calculated in the same way as the local facilities score using the appropriate information from Tables 1 and 2 The neighbourliness score variable name neiscal2 For each variable shown under the heading neighbourliness in Table 1 convert the codes to values ranging from zero to one using the appropriate conversions shown in Table 2 the score is then calculated in the same way as the local facilities score Page 3 of 17 Grouping the scores for analysis As all the codes have been converted to scores of zero to one the final mean scores are also within this range In order to present the data relating to each scale GHS respondents were categorised into three approximately equal sized groups based on the ranked position of their mean score for the relevant scale The 33rd and 67th percentiles were used as demarcation points In the case of the local area scales analysis focussed on those in the lowest third for the local facilities scale and the highest third for the local problems scale In both cases this identified the group who were least positive about their local area ie poor local facilities and high local problems For the neighbourliness scale analysis focussed on the group ranke
24. ip or a satisfactory relatives network were classified as having neither network Frndnet 1 and Relnet 1 Nosnet Social support Tables 7 amp 8 Three scenarios were described needing a lift being ill in bed and needing to borrow 100 Summary variables were created to look at the number of sources of informal help that respondents had for each of the scenarios Informal help excluded help from voluntary or other organisations In the report of the survey we reported on people who had at least 3 sources of informal help Numlift2 Numill2 Nummony2 Page 8 of 17 The questionnaire variable Ncrisis was used as a summary variable re coded to identify those who had less than three people they could turn to in a crisis Lowsuprt A more detailed set of social support variables were also derived for use in further analysis These identify grouped categories of sources of help including formal help household member relative friend or neighbour organisation or other for each scenario See Table 9 Neighbourliness Table 10 Respondents were described as having high reciprocity if they had done or received a favour from a neighbour favdone 1 favrecd 1 and thought that they lived in a place where neighbours looked out for one another neighlk 1 Page 9 of 17 Table 3 Civic engagement questionnaire variables Variable Question Answer categories name Informed Would y
25. lem eni inatin na ener EE aa 4 It happens but is not a problem eene 5 Don t know coeant 6 Page 6 of 14 27 Rubbish Rubbish and litter lying around SHOW CARD H Very big problem 1 cose sce E e E Rs e Ph Eee deter e eet Fairly big probl m neni eene eere E einen Minor problem erectos tee Ee erat d aeter uen 3 Not at all a problem 5 cree Ier eer eu edu ended 4 It happens but is not a problem eene Domt up D c 28 DogMess Dog mess SHOW CARD H Very big problemin nieee eene a e EA NNA E E ERES Fairly big problem oe erp Re PH EEEE EES a Minor problem ioa Pe Petite eocerte Dr Pd 3 Notat all problem ite reete 4 It happens but is not a problem eee 5 Dont si 6 29 Graffiti Graffiti or vandalism SHOW CARD H Very big probl rmi ceteri tert eee eee tete ta Fairly big problem eret teret eene e cte er ee eere E ESS 2 Minor problemi esetere e eot e Tego es tees 3 Not at alla problem 20 3 2 2 erre tte e rore edet ree ates 4 It happens but is not a problem eese 5 Dont Know iod edet he EORR o Dre eee DR DAERDERRRNSRRE 6 30 NoiseNbr Level of noise SHOW CARD H Very big problem iie tene d ge bea terre Fairly big problem 2 teu RE deii emer rerba teens 2 Minor ptoblem gg tate tpe posed E E 3 Not at all a problem ssssesseeeeeeeeeeee eee 4 It happen
26. lth HEA Page 17 of 17 A note on the weighting of the social capital data The weight variable is called SCFINW This weight is different from that used for the main GHS data set Only one person per household was selected for the social capital questions This meant that weighting was required to redress the unequabrobablities of selection This weighting procedure was incorporated into the calculation of the non response weights as used in the main data set The weight used on the social capital data set produces population estimates in 1000 s A second version was derived SCFINW2 which was scaled to a mean of one for use in the logistic regression analysis Page of 1 This documents gives the SPSS syntax used to recode GHS variables for use in the social capital report RECODE hhtypf1 121 222 8 2 323 424 5 5 9 5 1023 1124 12 5 626 7 7 ELSE Copy INTO famkids VALUE LABELS famkids 1 1 person 2 non related 3 mar cohab with dep kids 4 mar cohab with nondep kids 5 mar cohab with no kids 6 lone parent with dep kids 7 lone parent with nondep kids MISSING VALUES famkids 6 8 9 FORMAT famkids F2 0 EXECUTE RECODE ethnic1 121 222 323 423 5 4 6 8 ELSE Copy INTO ethnic2 VARIABLE LABELS ethnic2 ethnic recoded VALUE LABELS ethnic2 1 white 2 black 3 Asian 4 Other FORMAT ethnic2 F2 0 MISSING VALUES ethnic2 6 8 9 EXECUTE RECODE ethnic
27. n potential scales The coefficient alpha is widely used as a measure of reliability It measures the proportion of a scale s total variance that is attributable to a common source presumably the true score of a latent value underlying the items In other words it measures the degree of correlation between the variables which it is assumed is due to the fact that they are measuring the same underlying concept In order to carry out the factor analysis response categories for each question were converted to a score from zero to one at the same time as ensuring that they were scoring in the same direction Response categories were sometimes combined For example for the questions which related to potential problems in the area such as traffic and graffiti the response categories not at all a problem and it happens but it is not a problem were combined Some questions had a don t know or have no experience category Two methods of assigning scores to these responses were used When the don t know option could be assumed to occupy the middle position this was coded as 0 5 mid way between zero and one such as in the question would you say this is an area you enjoy living in In cases where respondents said they could not answer because they had no experience such as the Page 2 of 17 questions concerning facilities for teenagers the imputed score was based on the mean score for those who had answered the question
28. ou say that you are well informed 1 Yes about local affairs 2 No Influence Do you feel you can influence decisions that 3 Don t know affect your area Lserv By working together people in my 1 Strongly agree neighbourhood can influence decisions that 2 Agree affect the neighbourhood 3 Neither agree nor disagree LocNews Local newspapers are a reliable source of 4 Disagree information about local issues 5 Strongly disagree 6 Don t have an opinion Involved Have you been involved in any local 1 Yes organisation over the last three years 2 No Active Ask if have been involved in a local l Yes organisation Involved 1 2 No In the last three years have you had any responsibilities in this these organisation s such as being a committee member raising funds organising events or doing administrative or clerical work LocAct In the past 3 years have you taken any of the 1 Written to local newspaper following actions in an attempt to solve alocal 2 Contacted the appropriate problem organisation to deal with the problem 3 Contacted a local councillor or MP 4 Attended a protest meeting or joined an action group 5 SPONTANEOUS Thought about it but did not do it 6 None of these Page 10 of 17 Table 4 Derivation of civic engagement composite variables Composite variable Derivation Answer categories Actinv If Involved 2 1 Notinvolved Whether been involved in a ActInv 0 2 Involv
29. ould like to ask you some questions about your local area By area I mean within about a 15 20 minute walk or 5 10 minute drive from your home How long have you lived in this area CODE YEARS IF LESS THAN 1 CODE AS 0 0 97 Ask if they have lived in the area for less than a year Arealive 0 4 Areamth Ask selected adult 5 Enjyliv How many months have you lived in this area 0 11 Would you say this is an area you enjoy living in b MED 1 NGO MEME CM 2 Dont KnOW uere E beet eere ote ete ee HEUTE dE 3 Page 1 of 14 6 Locserv Thinking generally about what you expect of local services how would you rate the following 7 Leisyou Social amp leisure facilities for people likeyourself SHOW CARD F Very G00d i oe pU yoo degassing alae eee Dopod eng 1 CM cx cc 2 YAVerage a eese E deest te Genes pe eese eee entera E Eee dts 3 POOL inlet Ie teni 4 Mery POOR ss ote ea rep Dee UE E DERE egere eG 5 Don t know or have had no experience eeeeneel 6 8 Leiskids Facilities for young children up to the age of 12 SHOW CARD F Very Good iet Even EHI Iste 1 C MEC 2 Avera Te i a cett br ver Ee M ETE utt rr rever ace crest o teen Sheds 3 POOR Qtek rere E NEN ae snag rebos o NES re ee es 4 Mery POOE ee riore E hr prese se ect et ose rever tes 5 Don t know or have had no experience eeeneeel 6 9 Leisteen Facilities for teenagers those aged
30. our neighbourhood or that you do not trust people in your neighbourhood Neighlk Would you say this neighbourhood is a place where neighbours look out for each other Favdone In the past 6 months have you done a favour for a neighbour Favrecd And in the past 6 months have any of your neighbours done a favour for you Spkneigh How often do you do any of the following Speak to neighbours Page 5 of 17 Table 2 Recodes used for the scoring process Local facilities leisyou leiskids leisteen lochlth schools police Answer categories original code recode very good 1 1 good 2 0 75 average 3 0 5 poor 4 0 25 very poor 5 0 don t know or have had no experience 6 mean score see instructions Local problems traffic parking carcrime rubbish dogmess graffiti noisenbr teenager alcdrug Answer categories original code recode very big problem 1 0 fairly big problem 2 0 3333 minor problem 3 0 6667 not at all a problem 4 1 it happens but is not a problem 5 1 6 don t know mean score see instructions Neighbourliness knownbr trustnbr Answer categories original code recode most of the people in your neighbourhood 1 1 many of the people in your neighbourhood 2 0 667 a few of the people in your neighbourhood 3 0 333 or that you do not know people in your neighbourhood
31. pkneigh Speak to neighbours SHOW CARD K VERY d y sse erre tae dete e D teret et ete RR reri pvo 1 Sor 6 days Week ines ectt e D reete D edet tH Deme ree pees 2 3 0r4 days Week cust ertt prese E peter preter eer rre 3 once or twice a Week oreen ern tete rh eene dee ere ee exe aae 4 once or twice a MOND ec eeeeeccececceeecceceeeeeeceececaeaeeseeeeeenteeeees 5 once every couple of months eeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeed 6 ONCE OF EWICE A year oen IRL ope p FoU ee en 7 not at all in last 12 Momths ee ee ec ccee cece cece eeeeeceeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeee 8 Ask if they see or speak to relatives regularly i e at least once every couple of months Phonerel 1 6 or Seerel 1 6 45 Closerel Apart from the people you live with how many relatives that you feel close to live within a 15 20 minute walk or 5 10 minute drive if any Ohe r tWO ia ERR ERE RR EE RE ee Eee 1 Three or foure na eere etre E eret 2 Fiy ivunsic TT 3 orm 4 Page 11 of 14 Ask if they see or speak to friends regularly i e at least once every couple of months Phonefri 2 1 6 or Seefrnd 1 6 46 Closefri Ask selected adult 47 Lifts How many close friends live within a 15 20 minute walk or 5 10 minute drive if any i o c 1 Three or fourk e ree er Ee EE N Ta ANS EEEE 2 IIb OI QU RU m Px 3 No T 4 I am going to read a list of situations where people might nee
32. pport RECORD NUMBER 0 15 IF MORE THAN 15 CODE AS 15 Ask if they could turn to someone for comfort and support Ncrisis gt 0 54 NearNcri How many of these people Does this person live within a 15 20 minute walk or 5 10 minute drive if any RECORD NUMBER 0 15 IF MORE THAN 15 CODE AS 15 Page 14 of 14
33. rea Would you say that you are well informed about local affairs bi EE s aaa Uetlec 1 NOR 5 sho RD 2 DOM NI TP 3 19 Influenc Do you feel you can influence decisions that affect your area X S SSeS E E EAE EAT 1 NOs 5 2 Ghi RM EUER TRES sicher tiaiyind ss PEE Te USER COL SERE PEN RU Un 2 Don t known eren aeter m E rete eese lies eee ities 3 20 Lserv To what extent do you agree or disagree with the following statements By working together people in my neighbourhood can influence decisions that affect the neighbourhood SHOW CARD G Strongly Aree P TT 1 POLES E stet este eer po Exe Peres ret ERE NONE ah ews 2 Neither agree nor disagree sssseeneeemeeeeeeeeeenen 3 DISA ST E DS 4 Strongly disagi eaei teet Ree feierte denda fe edd 5 Don t have an opinion eeseeeem eene nnn 6 21 LocNews Local newspapers are a reliable source of information about local issues SHOW CARD G Strongly agree sett dao at at eden 1 ABLES said cast es is es ides sg sess id RR o ERE T site cep RR Rig 2 Neither agree nor dispret iseitis saenake iise isa aaiae 3 Disagtees ooo Ete hie ree E ORA E eneee TERRE MI 4 Strongly disagree aceite atte ee D nnd 5 Don t have an opit00 cease cenae merece s 6 22 Involved Have you been involved in any local organisation over the last three years YES goin ee E mE 1 ING inihi nre ri D ER E RE 2 Page 5 of 14 Ask if they hav
34. s but is not a problem eese 5 D n t Kho iiaeocnure sno pao e impor 6 Page 7 of 14 31 Teenager Teenagers hanging around on the streets SHOW CARD H Very big problem 1 cose sce E e E Rs e Ph Eee deter e eet 1 Fairly big probl m cccceaccasseetesceteseeeede sees EE eaer E aeaea ieia 2 Minor problem erectos tee Ee erat d aeter uen 3 Not at all a problem 5 cree Ier eer eu edu ended 4 It happens but is not a problem eene 5 Domt up D c 6 32 Alcdrug Alcohol or drug use SHOW CARD H Very big probl ni nie EAE 1 Fairly big problem bee eH PORE 2 Minor problem 1 dna e Dette eot Perte Pd 3 Not at alla problem ao eR eb Har tea mie ui erts 4 It happens but is not a problem eene 5 Dont si E 6 33 LocAct In the past 3 years have you taken or considered taking any of the following actions in an attempt to solve a local problem CODE ALL THAT APPLY SHOW CARDI Written to local newspaper ssseeeeeeeneme emen 1 Contacted the appropriate organisation to deal with the problem eB the COUNCIL tos ase eet eee enc EHE ER 2 Contacted a local councillor or MP eeeee 3 Attended a protest meetingor joined an action group 4 SPONTANEOUS Thought about it but did not do it 5 Non eof these etie tot E BE Roe ee 6 Page 8 of 14 34 Victim Have you personally been a v
35. s of of LiftHhld 2 2 types of help from household members help from household IlIHhld 3 1 type of help from household members members MonyHhld 4 No help from household members Recode 074 123 222 3 1 Helprel Compute the sum 1 3 types of help from relatives outside Number of types of help of LiftRel IIIRel household from relatives outside household MonyRel Recode 074 123 222 321 2 2 types of help from relatives outside household 3 1 type of help from relatives outside household 4 No help from relatives outside household Page 16 of 17 Helpfrne Compute the sum 1 3 types of help from friends or neighbour Number of types of of LiftHhld 2 2 types of help from friends or neighbour help from friends or IllHhld 3 1 type of help from friends or neighbours neighbours MonyHhld 4 No help from friends or neighbours Recode 074 123 222 3 1 Numhelp Compute the sum 1 7 Number of sources of of NumLift2 2 5 6 help for all 3 situations NumIll2 3 3 4 NumMony2 4 0 2 Recode 7 8 9 1 5 6 2 3 4 3 0 1 22 1 Numcris Recode NCrisis 1 7 Number of people they 7 or more 1 2 5 6 could turn toin a crisis 5 622 3 3 4 recoded 3 423 4 0 2 0 1 2 4 Numnear Recode NearNcri 1 5 Number of people 5 or more 1 2 3 4 living nearby they could 3 422 3 1 2 turn to in a crisis 1 223 4 0 recoded 024
36. sources of help One source of help Two sources of help At least three sources of help Page 15 of 17 Monyhhld If MonyHelp 1 or 1 can ask household member for 100 Whether can ask 2 0 can t ask household member for 100 household member for MonyHhld 1 100 ELSE MonyHhld 0 Monyrel If MonyHelp 3 1 can ask relative outside household for Whether can ask MonyRel 1 100 relative outside ELSE 0 can ask relative outside household for household for 100 MonyRel 0 100 Monyfrne If MonyHelp 4 or 1 can ask friend or neighbour for 100 Whether can ask friend 5 0 can t ask friend or neighbour for 100 or neighbour for 100 MonyFrne 1 ELSE MonyFrne 0 Monyoth If MonyHelp 6 or 1 can ask organisation other for 100 Whether can ask 7 0 can t ask organisation other for 100 voluntary or other MonyOth 1 organisation for 100 ELSE or answered other MonyOth 0 Nummoney Count number of 0 No sources of help Number of sources of answers where 1 One source of help help for lending money MonyHelp 1 to 7 2 Two sources of help 3 At least three sources of help Nummony2 Count number of 0 No sources of help Number of sources of answers where 1 One source of help informal help for MonyHelp 1 to 5 2 Two sources of help lending money 3 At least three sources of help Helphhld Compute the sum 1 3 types of help from household members Number of type
37. usehold member Relative outside household Friend Neighbour Voluntary or other organisation Other Would prefer not to ask for help Money You are in financial difficulty and need to borrow 100 Could you ask anyone for help Yes No Don t know It depends Monyhelp Who would you ask for help Husband wife partner Other household member Relative outside household Friend Neighbour Voluntary or other organisation Other Would prefer not to ask for help 99 M OQ t f O2 p AWN c 96 I OV tA S O19 EWN 66 OS t RO R2 2 Oo Ncrisis If you had a serious personal crisis how many people if any do you feel you could turn to for comfort and support RECORD NUMBER 0 15 IF MORE THAN 15 CODE AS 15 NearNcri How many of these people Does this person live within a 15 20 minute walk or a 5 10 minute drive RECORD NUMBER 0 15 IF MORE THAN 15 CODE AS 15 Page 13 of 17 Table 8 Derivation of social support composite variables Composite variable Derivation Answer categories Number of sources of informal help for lending money answers where MonyHelp 1 to 5 One source of help Two sources of help At least three sources of help Numlift2 Count number of 0 No sources of help number of sources of answers where 1 One source of help informal help for lift LiftHelp 1 to 5 2 Two sources of help 3 At least three sources of
38. weighting See Appendix D of the Social Capital Report for information on using weights with logistic regression analysis Variables from the main GHS which were used in producing the Social Capital 8 22 Report See GHS recodes NOTE A variable Teenager which is referred to in the social capital report and the user guide was changed to teenstre in the data as a variable called Teenager already existed on the GHS data base 23 87 Questionnaire variables in the order they appeared see User guide part 1 pp8 15 for more info 88 99 Derived variables on Civic Engagement Chapter 2 in the Social Capital Report 100 107 Derived variables on Neighbourliness Chapter 3 in the Social Capital Report 108 116 Derived variables on Social Support Chapter 4 in the Social Capital Report 117 164 Derived variables on Social Networks Chapter 5 in the Social Capital Report 165 179 Derived variables on Local Area Chapter 6 in the Social Capital Report Page of 1 Ask selected adult 1 AskNow SOCIAL CAPITAL NAME HAS BEEN PICKED TO ANSWER THE SECTION ON SOCIAL CAPITAL DO YOU WANT TO ASK THIS SECTION FOR NAME NOW OR LATER IF YOU HAVE ALREADY ASKED THIS SECTION FOR NAME DO NOT CHANGE FROM CODE 1 Yes now already asked ee enn ete retre ee EE eet eenst 1 E reS S Ea A NEEE E EEE E E A ST 2 Ask if they want to be asked now AskNow 1 2 SOCIALAreaint Ask selected adult 3 Arealive Now I w

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