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USER MANUAL VERSION 5.06

1. A N Chapter Audio Decoder 1 Functional description 2 Configuration 2 1 Decoding algorithms 2 2 Selecting the audio output 2 3 Gain adjustment 2 4 Activating the test tone 3 Monitoring 3 1 LEDs hapter Synchronous data card 1 Functional Description 2 Configuration 2 1 Installing the physical drivers 2 2 Speed selection 2 3 Control signals Handshaking 3 Monitoring 3 1 LEDs Chapter VII Power Supply 1 1 Block Diagram of the power supply modules Chapter VIII Expansion Module Appendix Technical specifications 1 1 Module 1 1 El Tx 1 2 EI Rx 1 3 T1 Tx 1 4 TI Rx 2 Audio Encoder Module 2 1 Stereo audio input 2 2 Audio properties 2 3 Compression 2 4 BANDWIDTH MPEG LAYER II 2 5 BANDWIDTH MPEG LAYER III 2 6 BANDWIDTH apt x 3 AUDIO DECODER MODULE 3 1 Stereo audio output 3 2 Audio properties 3 3 Compression 3 4 Delays 4 Synchronous data module 4 1 Speed 4 2 Data format 4 3 Interface 4 4 Supported signals in the interface V35 4 5 Connector 5 Power 5 1 AC Power Supply 52 DC Power Supply 6 Environmental 7 Physical 7 1 Size Appendix B Connectors 1 EI T1 Module 2 Control Module 2 1 Console connector 2 2 GPO Connector 3 Audio Encoder Module 3 1 Audio XLR Connector 3 2 Audio DB9 Connector KRONOS User Manual V5 06 4 3 3 Auxiliary data connector 4 Audio Encoder Module with two
2. 15 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 IP protocol Configuration The Kronos unit is supplied with the IP address and mask pre configured The end user can change the IP address and mask using the ProdysControl or console connector and terminal emulation software To use the console software the steps are as follow 1 Connect a terminal to the CON connector RJ45 on the control module as is described in the Chapter Management from console 2 At the prompt that appears on the terminal screen type the following The commands that you enter are typically shown as command followed by the Enter key process 4 Config protocol Internet protocol user configuration Ip Config gt 3 Ip Config indicates that you are in the IP protocol configuration menu To check the current IP address and mask IP Config ist all J The following will appear Interface addresses IP addresses for each interface intf 0 192 1 2 3 255 255 255 0 NETWORK broadcast fill 0 intf 1 IP disabled on this interface Routing Route to 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 via 192 1 2 1 cost 0 The programmed information related to Protocols the IP address and Directed broadcasts enabled mask appears RIP enabled associated to the 0 intf OSPF disabled 0 interface Per packet multipath disabled Ip classless disabled To change the IP address and mask IP Config change address 16 KRONOS User M
3. 3 3 Compression 6711 6722 341 342 157 a apt x 59 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 u Law and A Law Two channels per module Two channels per module MPEG Layer II III One stereo channel per module or two mono Bit rates 64 128 192 256 320 or 384 Kbps Fs 48 32 24 or 16 KHz Modes Mono Dual Joint Stereo or Stereo 2 channels per decoder module 15 KHz bandwidth Option to activate or de activate De emphasis according to standard J17 2 channels per decoder module 7 5 KHz bandwidth Option to activate or de activate De emphasis according to standard J17 1 stereo channel per decoder module 24 KHz 48KHz Fs bandwidth H11 or H12 One channel per module Standard Enhanced 16 bits Enhanced 20 bits or Enhanced 24 bits apt X Bit rates 64 128 192 256 320 384 or 576 Kbps Fs 48 32 or 16 KHz Modes Mono or Stereo 3 4 Delays ENCODING MODE Fs BIT RATE G711 8 KHz 64 Kbps 8 G722 16 KHz 64 Kbps J41 No emphasis 32 KHz 384 Kbps 342 MONO 16 Khz 192Kbps 6 J42 STEREO 16 KHz 384Kbps 6 J57 H11 48 KHz 1536Kbps 6 J57 H12 48 KHz 1920 6 16 KHz All MPEG LAYER II 24 KHz All 32 KHz All 48 KHz All 16 KHz 64 Kbps 128 Kbps 300 24 KHz 64 Kbps 128 Kbps 208 64 Kbps Mono 344 Stereo Dual 380 MPEG LAYER III 32 KHz 128 Kbps 270 192 Kbps 270 256 Kbps
4. with this configuration Jumpers configuration of the Extension board Subrack Slot Jumper Jumper Jumper P1 P2 P3 0 Subrack 15 1 3 5 7 15 CLOSED CLOSED OPEN 1 3 5 7 If it is the last subrack 0 OPEN OPEN CLOSED 1 3 5 7 If it is not the last subrack 0 OPEN OPEN OPEN 2 4 6 8 0 CLOSED OPEN OPEN 2 4 6 8 15 OPEN OPEN OPEN 53 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 Appendix Technical specifications 1 E1 T1 Module 1 1 E1 Tx e Interface According to G 703 recommendation e Line speed 50 ppm internal clock e Connectors BNC Coax 750 RJ45 1200 22AWG 0 6 e Line code HDB3 High Density Bipolar of order 3 code e Protection Isolated output for transformer e Jitter ETS 300 011 and TBR12 1 2 E1 Rx e Interface According to G 703 recommendation e Line speed 2048 Kbps e Connectors BNC Coax 750 RJ45 twisted pair120Q 22AWG 0 6 e Line code HDB3 e Protection Isolated input for transformer e Tolerance to Jitter according to ITU G 823 1 3 T1 Tx e Interface According to G 703 recommendation e Line speed 1544 Kbps 50 ppm internal clock e Adaptation to the shape of wave DSX 1 short haul 0 at 655 ft DS 1 haul 0 dB at 22 5 dB e Connector RJ45 twisted pair 1000 e Line codes B8ZS bipolar with replacement of eight zeros and AMI e Framed D4 ESF e Protection Isolated output
5. 0 1 0 1 1 along with two bits each designated as This 6 bit pattern is referred to as the CRC Multi Frame alignment pattern which can ultimately be used by the Remote Receive El Framer for CRC Multi Frame synchronization alignment The E bits are used to indicate that the Local Receive E1 framer has detected errored sub Multi Frames 28 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 The CRC 4 method is mainly used to protect the communication against a wrong frame alignment word Another advantage in using the CRC is that all the bits transmitted are checked unlike those systems that only check seven bits those of the FAS which are the only ones known in advance out of every 512 bits those between one FAS and the next E Bit CRC 4 error indication bits The CRC 4 multiframe alignment word only takes up to six of the first eight bits of the TSO without FAS There are two bits in every second block or submultiframe whose task is to indicate block errors in the far end of the communication The mechanism is as follows both bits called E bits have 1 as their default value When the far end of the communication receives a 2 Mbps frame and detects an erroneous block it puts a O in the E bit that corresponds to the block in the frame being sent along the return path to the transmitter This way the near end of the communication is informed that an erroneous block has been detected and both ends have the same information one from t
6. 234 320 Kbps 234 64 Kbps Mono 280 Stereo Dual 308 48 KHz 128 Kbps 212 192 Kbps 186 256 Kbps 164 320 Kbps 166 64 Kbps 14 8 SIE 128 Kbps 14 8 T 128 Kbps 8 4 STANDARD apt X 32 KHz 556 Kbps 192 Kbps 5 2 8108 384 Kbps 5 2 64 Kbps 12 9 16 128 Kbps 12 9 m 128 Kbps 7 6 ENHANCED 16 BITS apt X 32 KHz 556 Kbps F 192 Kbps 4 4 384 Kbps 4 4 ENHANCED 20 BITS apt X 32 KHz 320 Kbps 7 6 16 KHz 192 Kbps 192 Kbps ENHANCED 24 BITS apt X 32 KHz 384 Kbps 48 KHz 576 Kbps These values are the total delay encode to decode 60 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 podys xe 4 Synchronous data module 4 1 Speed From 0 to 1984 Kbps on EI channels in steps of 64 Kbps From 0 to 1536 Kbps on T1 channels in steps of 64 Kbps 4 2 Data format Transparent data without restriction 4 3 Interface V35 or X21 Configurable as DCE or DTE according to installation of the driver card 4 4 Supported signals in the interface V35 DTR RTS DSR DCD 4 5 Connector High density connectors SCSI 20 Micro D for each data port 5 Power 5 1 AC Power Supply Nominal input 230 Vac Input range 180 260 Vac Fuse 3A Output power 200 Watt max 5 2 DC Power Supply Nominal input 48 VDC Input range 36 72 VDC Fuse 8A Output power 200 Watt max 61 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 6 Environmental Operating Temperature 0 to 50 C Humidity 10 to 90 non condensing 7 Physical 7 1 Size Rack Heig
7. 5 13 GND5 6 Output 6 14 GND6 IE Output 7 15 GND7 T A 470 ohms Technical specifications Icmax 50 mA Vcemax 70 V Vecmax 7 V Pmax 150 mW Opto isolated output connection 6 Alarm Relay Reset switch There is a switch on the frontal panel to reset the alarm relay located on the rear panel The switch only has effect if the alarm condition is finished 7 Indicators on the Control Module The control module has three LEDs on its front panel S Status of the Control Card Green Ok Red Not Ok LAN Status of the Ethernet connection Green Connected to LAN Red No connection M Not used 24 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 Chapter V E1 T1 Module 1 Functional description Each E1 T1 card is able to manage up to two structured E1 T1 bi directional links following the G 703 G 704 G 706 recommendations The card has the following functions e Data reception transmission through E1 T1 circuits e Provide the master clock to the multiplexer e 1 1 drop insert 1 1 E1 Physical amp Electrical Characteristics Kronos meets the specifications of the ITU T Recommendation G 703 The following is a summary of E1 specifications Parameter Specifications Nominal Bit Rate 2048 Kbps Line Rate Accuracy 50 ppm Line code HDB3 Medium Balanced Pair Coax cable Test Load 120 75 Pulse amplitud 3 0 v 2 37v Bit Stream Encoding Decoding For all d
8. AES EBU SIGNAL AES EBU input AES EBU input GND NC SIGNAL R analog input R analog input L analog input L analog input ENCODER ee Audio input selector e switch LED Green gt Analog E Red gt Digital eee DIG ANCILLARY DATA cum om gt QOrrz gt 66 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 5 Audio Decoder Module 5 1 Audio XLR connector PIN SIGNAL 1 GND 2 3 5 2 Audio DB9 Connector PIN SIGNAL 1 analog output AES EBU Sync input 6 analog output AES EBU Sync input 2 3 4 GND 5 L analog output AES EBU output 9 L analog output AES EBU output PIN PIN SIGNAL 1 2 3 4 5 67 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 6 Decoder module with two connectors 6 1 AES EBU SIGNAL AES EBU Sync input AES EBU Sync input GND AES EBU output AES EBU output SIGNAL R analog output R analog output GND L analog output L analog output DECODER AN L R eee DIG ANCILLARY DATA cuom om P OOor z 68 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 7 Data Module 7 1 Data Connector SIGNAL Harting SCSI 20M V 35 SIGNAL CONNECTOR TD 1 S TC Tx CLOCK 2 Y RD 3 T RC Rx CLOCK 4 V TC Tx CLOCK 5 AA RC Rx CLOCK 6 X DTR 7 H BIC 8 U TD 11 P RD 12 R RTS 13 C CTS 1
9. The J 42 standard encoding laws are based on a uniformly quantized 14 bit per sample PCM technique with companding and employ eleven segment 14 to 11 bit instantaneous A law companding There is also a parity bit for error detection It is calculated from the 7 most significant bits of the sample For each 2 input samples we get an output code 43 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 There are 2 variants of standard Variant A which is used in units that are based on a hierarchy at 2048Kbit s E1 Variant B which is used in digital units that are based on a digital hierarchy at 1544Kbit s T1 There is an option for setting emphasis on the audio signals according to recommendation J 17 In the case of the stereo only one digital channel at 384Kbit s is used joining the signals of both channels according to J 41 standard 2 1 6 J57 The ITU T J 57 recommendation is used for the transmission of digital sound signals with studio quality by digital hierarchy H11 or H12 The J 57 H12 standard encoder receives 20bit samples of stereo digital audio at 48KHz It encodes blocks of 96 audio samples 48 per channel Giving a ims companding block near instantaneous companding from 20 to 15 bits sample is applied with 8 coding ranges Each coded sample has a parity bit 96 parity bits per 1ms companding block some of these bits are used in order to transmit the scale factor information for each channel the status of the channel additio
10. alarm condition set to 1 Description The Si bit Fixed at 1 It is used to transmit a These bit bit fields can be Operation typically yellow alarm to the used to carry data link carries a remote terminal This information form the Local specific value bit is set to O during transmitting terminal to the that will be the normal conditions Remote receiving terminal used by the and it set to 1 When are not used should receive 1 whenever the receive be set to 1 on links framer for CRC El framer detects crossing international multiframe LOSS Loss of signal or border alignment LOF Loss of Framing purpose condition in the incoming El frame data 27 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 1 2 2 The CRC Multi frame Structure Where there is a need to provide additional protection against simulation of the frame alignment signal and or where there is a need for an enhanced error monitoring capability then bit 1 should be used for a cyclic redundancy check 4 CRC 4 procedure as detailed below A CRC Multi frame consists of 16 consecutive El frames with the first of these frames being a FAS frame From a Frame Alignment point of view timeslot 0 of each of these E1 frames within the Multi frame are the most important 16 octets The below table presents the bitformat for all timeslot 0 octets within a 16 frame CRC Multi frame Submultiframe Frame 0 1
11. amp Framer Loopback In these loopbacks data will continue to be transmitted as normal through the transmit side of the Kronos Data being received at Kronos will be replaced with the data being transmitted External loopback In this loopback data input via the Rx connector will be transmitted back to the Tx connector Data will continue to pass through the receive side framer of the Kronos as it would normally and the data from the transmit side formatter will be ignored 4 Monitoring 4 1 EL alarms conditions To alert you to potential problems in the network Kronos reports a wide variety of alarm conditions The conditions are simultaneously reported and displayed on the E1 module front panel and on the ProdysControl E1 monitoring window Alarm conditions can be also reported to the SNMP manager as traps if the network is so equipped and GPO s can be activated See the Prodys Control manual for more information The E1 T1 module provides status information as below LINE STATUS DESCRIPTION NOT PRESENT 703 Daughter board has not been detected correctly and the E1 line is not operational LINE UP Normal operation RAI DETECTED Remote alarm indication RAI is detected at the E1 input LINE DOWN One of the following E1 alarm conditions has been detected e LOSS OF RECEIVE SIGNAL No signal is detected at the E1 input e RECEIVING ALL ONES SIGNAL All ones signal is detected at the E1 input e RECEIVER OUT OF FRAME T
12. apt X transparently code 16 bit PCM audio with a fixed compression ratio of 4 1 Also there are three improved versions Enhanced apt X offering further levels of operation with a choice of 16 20 or 24 bit resolution These Enhanced versions deliver a significant improvement in audio and processing delay performance coupled with faster synchronization and a new method for embedding auxiliary data Depending on the selected algorithm Standard or Enhanced and sampling frequency the delay will change The bandwidth depends just on sampling frequency Both parameters are explained in the technical specification section The decoder module allows the following apt X decoding formats Standard Enhanced 16 bits Enhanced 20 bits or Enhanced 24 bits apt FREQUENCY 16 32 48 KHz BITRATE 64 128 192 256 320 384 or 576 Kbps MODE Mono or Stereo The bit rate depends on the number of audio channels sampling frequency and apt X algorithm They are as follows FREQUENCY MODE Standard apt X Enhanced 16 bits 20 bits 24 bits 16 kHz mono 64 kbps 64 kbps 16 kHz stereo 128 kbps 128 kbps 192 kbps 32 kHz mono 128 kbps 128 kbps 192 kbps 32 kHz stereo 256 kbps 256 kbps 320 kbps 384 kbps 48 kHz mono 192 kbps 192 kbps 48 2 stereo 384 kbps 384 kbps 576 kbps Note modes marked with are not allowed because they have bit rates not m
13. audio connectors 4 1 AES EBU 4 2 Analog Audio 5 Audio Decoder Module 5 1 Audio XLR connector 5 2 Audio DB9 Connector 5 3 Auxiliary data connector 6 Decoder module with two connectors 6 1 AES EBU 6 2 Analog Audio 7 Data Module 7 1 Data Connector 7 2 Cable description SCSI DB25 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 5 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 CE Declaration of Compliance Procesamiento Digital Sistemas S L hereby declares that Kronos bearing the CE168X parking are in comliance with Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive 89 336 EEC and the Low Voltage Directive 72 23 EEC of the European Union A Declaration of conformity for Kronos is available on file at Prodys offices in Spain To obtain this information contact with sales prodys net Your product is designed and manufactured with high quality materials and components which can be recycled and reused When this crossed out wheeled bin symbol is attached to a product it means that product is covered by the European Directive 2002 96 EC Please inform yourself about the local separate collection system for electrical and electronic products Please act according to your local rules and do not dispose of your old products with your normal household waste The correct disposal of your old product will help prevent potential negative consequences for the environment and human health 6 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 Chapter 1 INTRODUCTIO
14. data module works as DTE data terminal equipment as DCE data circuit equipment Each data connector has a driver card and you must follow the following steps in order to install them 1 Using normal anti static precautions the data module must not powered 4 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 2 Position the driver card to match the annotation the data module For DTE with the letter T Terminal nearest to the connector or as DCE with the letter M Modem nearest the connector 3 Install the driver card nearest to the connector which you intend to use If a connector is not going to be used it is not necessary that it has the driver card installed The orientation of the driver card determines if the data channel works as DTE or as DCE 2 2 Speed selection The speed of each data channel can be configured between 64 kbps and 1984 kbps 31x64 kbps in intervals of 64 kbps The default configured speed is 0 2 3 Control signals Handshaking The V35 interface incorporates control signals that are used by the communications protocol These signals can be used to detect the status of the line by monitoring the relevant signals In the case of DCE operation the DTR and or RTS signals will be able to be used in order to determine the status of the line When the Data module detects the line drop it ignores the received data and transmits binary zero data through the E1 T1 time slots Transmission from the module to th
15. for transformer e Jitter TR 62411 54 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 1 4 T1 Rx e Interface According to G 703 recommendation e Line speed 1544 Kbps e Connectors RJ45 twisted pair 1000 e Line codes B8ZS AMI e Framed D4 ESF e Protection Isolated input for transformer e Tolerance to Jitter according to TR 62411 55 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 2 Audio Encoder Module 2 1 Stereo audio input Balanced analog input Maximum input level 22 dBu Input impedance 20KQ Balanced digital input AES EBU format EIAJ CP 340 type I IEC 958 Pro Sampling rate converter 1 3 to 3 1 2 2 Audio properties Quantization 24 bits A D converter S N ratio gt 95 dB typical Crosstalk gt 80 dB Phase difference lt 0 39 2 3 Compression 711 and A Law Two channels per module a G722 Two channels per module a MPEG Layer II One stereo channel or two mono channels Bit rates 64 128 192 256 320 or 384 Kbps Fs 48 32 24 or 16 KHz Modes Mono Dual Joint Stereo or Stereo a J41 2 channels per encoder module 15 KHz bandwidth Option to activate or de activate pre emphasis according to standard J17 a J42 2 channels per encoder module 7 5 KHz bandwidth Option to activate or de activate pre emphasis according to standard J17 a J57 1 stereo channel per encoder module 24 KHz 48KHz Fs bandwidth H11 or H12 56 KRONOS User Manual V
16. must be installed in the slot 15 of the main rack and in slots 0 and 15 of the secondary racks This module takes up one slot Below is a summary of the restrictions on the position of the modules that can be installed in the Kronos rack Main Rack MODULE Position in the rack Main power supply AC DC Connector CN1 Secondary power supply AC o DC Connector CN2 E1 T1 module Slots 0 1 Audio Encoder Module Slots 2 15 Audio Decoder Module Slots 2 15 Data Module Slots 2 15 Control Module Slots 13 14 Expansion Module Slot 15 Table I Configuration of the Kronos Main rack 10 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 Secondary Racks MODULE Position in the rack Main power supply AC o DC Connector CN1 Secondary power supply AC o DC Connector CN2 Audio Encoder Module Slots 1 14 Audio Decoder Module Slots 1 14 Data Module Slots 1 14 Expansion Module Slot 0 amp 15 depending on the configuration Table II Configuration of the Kronos secondary rack 2 2 Kronos Extension racks There is an option to extend the number of audio or data modules by connecting additional racks using the expansion module Each of these racks has its own independent power supply and the ability to also install redundant power supply In the case of further expansion racks it will be necessary to install expansion modules in order to allow racks to be connec
17. transmission 3 4 KHz bandwidth Using G711 each audio channel takes up one time slot of an E1 T1 link 64 Kbps Each channel in G711 mode can be decoded according to A Law or 2 1 2 G722 Allows the reception of a high quality voice signal 7 KHz Using G722 each audio channel takes up one time slot of an E1 T1 link 64 Kbps Synchronization can be selected between statistical framed SRT or H221 2 1 3 MPEG Depending on the selected configuration this will change the bandwidth and the delay Both parameters are explained in the technical specification section The decoder module allows the following MPEG decoding formats LAYER II or FREQUENCY 16 24 32 or 48 KHz BITRATE 64 128 192 256 320 or 384 Kbps MODE Stereo Intensity Stereo Joint Dual or Mono 41 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 allowed sampling frequency bit rate and mode combinations will depend on the imposed restrictions by the MPEG standard They are as follows MPEG LAYER II Fs 48 32 KHz MPEG LAYER II Fs 24 16 KHz MODE MODE Stereo Joint Stereo Dual Mono Stereo Joint Stereo Dual Mono B 64 x x x x B 64 x x x x R 128 X X X x R 128 x x x x 192 x x x x A 192 T 256 x x x T 256 320 x x x 320 384 x x x 384 MPEG LAYER I
18. 2 3 4 5 6 7 0 C1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 0 1 A Sa4 Sab Sa6 Sa7 Sa8 2 C2 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 I 3 0 1 A Sa4 Sab Sa6 Sa7 Sa8 4 C3 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 5 1 1 Sa4 Sab Sa6 Sa7 Sa8 6 C4 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 7 0 1 Sa4 Sab Sa7 Sa8 8 C1 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 9 1 1 A Sa4 Sab Sa6 Sa7 Sa8 10 C2 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 11 1 1 Sa4 Sab Sa7 Sa8 12 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 13 1 Sa4 Sab Sa6 Sa7 Sa8 14 CA 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 Sa4 Sab Sa6 Sa7 Sas CRC Multi frame is divided into 2 sub Multi Frames Sub Multi Frame 1 is designated as SMF1 and Sub Multi Frame 2 is designated as SMF2 SMF1 and SMF2 each consist of 8 E1 frames having 4 FAS frames and 4 non FAS frames There are two interesting things to note First all of the bit field 0 positions within each of the FAS frames within each SMF are designated as C1 C2 C3 and C4 These four bit fields contain the CRC 4 values which have been computed over the previous SMF Hence while the Transmit E1 Framer is assembling a given SMF it computes the CRC 4 value for that SMF and inserts these results into the C1 through C4 bit fields within the very next SMF These CRC 4 values ultimately are used by the Remote Receive E1 Framer for error detection purposes The second interesting thing to note regarding the table is that the bit field 0 positions within each of the non FAS frames within the entire MF are of a fixed 6 bit pattern 0
19. 4 D DSR 15 E GND 16 B CD 17 B ETC 18 W GROUND 20 A SIGNAL Harting SCSI 20M V 35 SIGNAL DB25 CONNECTOR CONNECTOR TD 1 S 14 TC 2 Y 15 RD 3 m 16 RC 4 V 17 TC 5 AA 18 RC 6 X 19 DTR 7 H 20 ETC 8 U 24 TD 11 P 2 RD 12 R 3 RTS 13 4 CTS 14 D 5 DSR 15 E 6 GND 16 B 7 CD 17 F 8 ETC 18 W 9 GROUND 20 A 1 69 KRONOS User Manual V5 06
20. 5 06 a apt x One channel module Standard Enhanced 16 bits Enhanced 20 bits or Enhanced 24 bits apt X Bit rates 64 128 192 256 320 384 or 576 Kbps Fs 48 32 or 16 KHz Modes Mono or Stereo 2 4 BANDWIDTH MPEG LAYER II BANDWITH KHz Fs Bit Rate 16 KHz 64 Kbps 128 Kbps 24 KHz 64 Kbps 128 Kbps 64 Kbps 128 Kbps 32 KHz 192 Kbps 256 Kbps 320 Kbps 384 Kbps 64 Kbps 128 Kbps 48 KHz 192 Kbps 256 Kbps 320 Kbps 384 Kbps 57 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 2 5 BANDWIDTH MPEG LAYER III Fs Bit Rate BANDWITH KHz MONO DUAL JOINT STEREO STEREO 16 KHz 64 Kbps 7 9 7 5 128 Kbps 7 5 7 5 24 KHz 64 Kbps 10 0 8 0 128 Kbps 11 3 11 3 64 Kbps 15 0 8 0 128 Kbps 15 0 15 0 32 KHz 192 Kbps 15 0 15 0 256 Kbps 15 0 15 0 320 Kbps 15 0 15 0 64 Kbps 15 0 8 0 128 Kbps 18 0 18 0 48 KHz 192 Kbps 20 0 20 0 256 Kbps 20 0 20 0 320 Kbps 20 0 20 0 2 6 BANDWIDTH apt X BANDWITH KHz 7 5 20 3 AUDIO DECODER MODULE 3 1 Stereo audio output Balanced analog output Maximum output level 22 dBu Output impedance 500 Balanced digital output AES EBU format EIAJ CP 340 type I IEC 958 Pro Sampling rate converter 1 3 to 3 1 3 2 Audio properties Quantization 24 bits D A converter S N ratio gt 95 typical Crosstalk gt 80 dB Phase difference lt 0 39 58 KRONOS User Manual V5 06
21. ERNET LAN interface The Controller card also provides with the following features e Control of the KRONOS clock The Controller Card monitors the state of the E1 T1 Line clocks and generates the Master clock for the KRONOS If the line clock fails the next active clock is assigned as Master clock e Auto configuration of hot plugged modules When a card is inserted in to the Frame the controller Card detects it automatically and configures the switching routes In that way this card does not interfere with the current status of the unit If the configuration is valid it will start working immediately e Auto configuration of the interchanged cards If a faulty module is replaced the Controller card detects the new one and the configuration is restored the new card works to the same configuration as the faulty one Management of remote units In situations where there are two or more installed KRONOS units network IP connectivity through E1 T1 can be configured The controller card adds the ability to use E1 T1 time slots for transportation of IP data in order to allow configuration of remote units You can manage the remote units using Telnet or SNMP 21 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 2 About E1 T1 Multiplexing Kronos multiplexes demultiplexes structured E1 T1 circuit data 6 703 G 704 Two concepts need to be understood in order to carry out configuration Channel and Route These two elements are all that are n
22. F alignment words found within 8 ms G 706 4 2 30 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 2 Configuration The E1 T1 module detects the installed interface daughter board E1 or T1 and provides access to the correct configuration parameters for each 2 1 E1 Interface The following parameters can be configured Option Value Description default CRC4 TRUE Automatic generation of bits CRC 4 When the CRC 4 is not enabled the International bit Si is set to 1 in FAS and NFAS frames Line 75 ohm 115 possible to select Impedance e 75 ohm unbalanced BNC connector e 120 ohm balanced RJ11 connector RAI alarm Enabled When enabled a RAI Remote Alarm Indication will be sent when one of these conditions has been detected e Loss of receive signal Receiving all ones signal Receiver out of frame e Receiving CRC 4 block errors ATTENTION The line impedance selection requires also the configuration of the P1 jumper located on the E1 modules 120 2 2 11 Interface For the T1 interface it is necessary to configure the length of the attached cable The available options are as follows 0 133 ft 41m 133 266 ft 81m 266 399 ft 122 m 399 533 ft 162 m 533 655 ft 183 m 31 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 3 Loopbacks To help the user quickly isolate problems within the network Kronos provides three loopback modes to assist in diagnosing problems Local
23. II Fs 48 32 KHz MPEG LAYER III Fs 24 16 KHz MODE MODE Stereo Joint Stereo Dual Mono Stereo Joint Stereo Dual Mono B 64 x x x x B 64 x x x x R 128 X X X x R 128 x x x x 192 x x x x A 192 T 256 X X X X T 256 E 320 x x x x 320 384 384 It is also possible to enable auxiliary data with the following options NO DATA 300 1200 2400 4800 9600 or 19200 bps Each module has a DB9 connector to transmit auxiliary data There is only one auxiliary data channel available per module However when working in 2 codecs mode the auxiliary data can independently be enabled in each codec 2 1 4 J41 The J 41 standard is recommended for decoding 15KHz mono analog signals for digital transmission at 384Kbit s You can use 2 mono digital codecs for stereo The J 41 standard encoding laws are based on a uniformly quantized 14 bit per sample PCM technique with companding and employ eleven segment 14 to 11 bit instantaneous A law companding There is also a parity bit for error detection It is calculated from the 5 most significant bits of the sample For each 2 input samples we get an output code There are 2 variants of the standard Variant A which is used in units that are based a hierarchy at 2048Kbit s E1 42 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 Variant B which is used in digital units that are based on a digital hierarchy at 1544Kbit s 1 There is an option for setting emphasis on the audio signals according to reco
24. Mbps The 256 bits within each El frame are grouped into 32 octets or timeslots These timeslots are numbered from 0 to 31 Each timeslot is 8 bits in length and is transmitted most significant bit first numbered bit 0 Timeslot 0 is devoted to transmission management hence within each E1 frame 31 of the 32 timeslots are available for transporting user data 1 2 1 Frame Alingment In an E1 channel communication consists of sending consecutive frames from the transmitter to the receiver The receiver must receive an indication showing when the first interval of each frame begins so that since it knows to which channel the information in each time slot corresponds it can demultiplex correctly This way the bytes received in each slot are assigned to the correct channel A synchronization process is then established and it is know as frame alignment In general there are two types of E1 frames FAS and Non FAS In any E1 data stream the E1 frame begins with a FAS frame followed by Non FAS frame and then alternates between the two 26 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 FAS Frame Timeslot 0 within the FAS El frame contains a framing alignment pattern and therefore supports framing The bit format of timeslot 0 is presented in the below table The fixed framing pattern e g 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 will be used by the Receive El Framer at the Remote terminal for frame synchronization alignment purposes e The Si bit within the FAS E1 Frame
25. N 1 About this Manual About the 5 00 version of this manual Updated with the changes introduced in the 2 0 0 Kronos version This manual provides information about the most important features of the Kronos multiplexer It also includes a customer installation guide and a reference guide to explain how the unit works and assist in its configuration Users configuring the unit themselves should use either this manual or the ProdysControl configuration manual depending on whether configuration is made by console port RS232 or LAN interface ProdysControl is an optional SNMP based management application The sections in this manual are as follows About Kronos description of the more important features Kronos parts description of the component parts of the Kronos Kronos installation guide Control module 1 1 module Audio Encoder Module Audio Decoder Module Appendix A Technical specifications Appendix B Connectors 7 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 Chapter ABOUT KRONOS 1 INTRODUCTION KRONOS E1 T1 Multiplexer is a system that allows transportation of voice channels high quality audio and data across 2 048 Mbps or 1 544 Mbps structured links E1 or T1 circuits using time division multiplexing TDM The Kronos multiplexer supports up to four E1 or T1 links two links for each installed E1 T1 interface card It is possible to drop insert time slots across any of the connected E1 circuit
26. VDC power supply In addition it is possible to install in each subrack a second secondary power supply to come into operation in case of failure of the main power supply For each type of power supply there is a different power supply module and either of them can work as main or secondary power supply The main power supply must always be installed in the CN1 connector of the subrack and the secondary power supply in the CN2 connector The power supply requires the installation of a jumper when working as main PS Please before installing a power supply always verify that the jumper is correctly configured depending on the use of the PS main or secondary Jumper P1 e Main power supply ur NOM O O e Secondary power supply O O pp PI NOM pwN 1 1 Block Diagram of the power supply modules Both types of power supply AC or DC work the same way with the exception of their input circuit which changes due to that each one of them admit a different type of supply AC or DC The power supplies give two types of supply to the Kronos 52 VDC 48 VDC When the power supply works as main PS it supplies 52 volts When working as secondary PS the voltage is 48 volts The P jumper is installed to configure the operation mode so that the power supply will work as main PS 51 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 5 VDC This voltage is obtained and independent from the 48 volts of th
27. YER III Fs 48 32 KHz MPEG LAYER III Fs 24 16 KHz MODE MODE Stereo Joint Stereo Dual Mono Stereo Joint Stereo Dual Mono B 64 x x x x B 64 x x x x R 128 x x x x R 128 x x x x A 192 x x x x 192 T 256 x x x X T 256 E 320 X X X X E 320 384 384 It is also possible to enable auxiliary data with the following options NO DATA 300 1200 2400 4800 9600 or 19200 bps Each module has a DB9 connector to transmit auxiliary data There is only one auxiliary data channel available per module However when working in 2 codecs mode the auxiliary data can independently be enabled in each codec 2 1 4 341 35 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 The J 41 standard is recommended for encoding 15KHz mono analog signals for digital transmission at 384Kbit s You can use 2 mono digital codecs for stereo The J 41 standard encoding laws are based on a uniformly quantized 14 bit per sample PCM technique with companding and employ eleven segment 14 to 11 bit instantaneous A law companding There is also a parity bit for error detection It is calculated from the 5 most significant bits of the sample For each 2 input samples we get an output code There are 2 variants of the standard Variant A which is used in units that are based a hierarchy at 2048Kbit s E1 L Variant B which is used in digital units that are based on a digital hierarchy at 1544Kbit s T1 There is option setting emphasis the audio sign
28. You cannot define more than one route with the same destination However You can define more than one route with the same origin and different destination channels in other words distribution 22 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 3 Configuring the master clock for the multiplexer The KRONOS multiplexer uses one clock source at a time the currently active clock source is called the MASTER clock The source of the clock is configurable there are up to eight possible sources that can be used as MASTER clock for the Multiplexer they are as follows a A clock for each E1 T1 link that is recovered from the line i e up to 4 external clocks normal operation is to lock to the clock supplied by the Telco internal clock for each E1 T1 link that is from a crystal on the 1 1 module i e up to 4 internal clocks The different sources are Clock ID Source 1 Clock from Line 1 of module in slot 0 11 Internal clock from Line 1 of module slot 0 2 Clock from Line 2 of module in slot 0 I2 Internal clock from Line 2 of module in slot 0 3 Clock from Line 1 of module in slot 1 I3 Internal clock from Line 1 of module in slot 1 4 Clock from Line 2 of module in slot 1 I4 Internal clock from Line 2 of module in slot 1 In order to set the MASTER clock that the KRONOS will use you must assign priorities for each of the available clock sources The priority is based on a list of clocks where the top element i
29. als according to recommendation 17 Also the recommendation G 735 for channel time slot allocation can be set Special compensation mode delays for compatibility with other multiplexers only for 2 41 In order to be compatible with other manufacturers multiplexers a special mode can be selected that introduces a delay between the two channels This ensures that the audio channels are phase coherent when connecting a Kronos unit to other manufacturers multiplexers The delay offset between L and R channels of a module depends on the assignment of time slots that are selected for each audio channel This assignment must be made according to the G 735 standard 1 2 3 17 18 19 slots 4 5 6 20 21 22 slots 7 8 9 23 24 25 slots D 10 11 12 26 27 28 slots 13 14 15 29 30 31 slots Depending the selected group L channel the assignment of time slots for the R channel should be chosen from the table below A B 8 X 11 72uS 23 44uS 35 16uS 46 88uS B X 11 7208 23 44uS 35 16uS C X 11 72uS 23 44uS D X 11 72uS E X The time slots that have been assigned to the L channel are in the left column and the slots to be assigned to the R channel are along the top The values indicate the compensated delay for each combination 2 1 5 J42 The 2 42 standard is recommended for encoding 7KHz mono analog signals for
30. anual V5 06 following screen will appear New address to be changed 0 0 0 0 Type the new IP address New address to be changed 0 0 0 0 192 1 2 4 J Address mask 255 255 0 0 Type the new mask Address mask 255 255 0 0 255 255 0 0 Following it is needed to program the internal IP address which value will be the same as the one previously entered IP Config gt set internal ip address Internal IP address 192 1 2 4 192 1 2 4 IP Config gt To quit the configuration menu IP Config gt exit Config gt To save the new configuration Config gt save Save configuration n Yes Saving configuration Ok Config Leave the configuration menu by pressing the CTRL P keys simultaneously to restart the control module restart Are you sure to restart the system Yes No Yes Since 1 5 0 Control 1 6 0 Kronos version Module software version there is a DB15 connector in the frontal panel of the Control module This connector offers a seven general purpose optoisolated outputs to be activated remotely There is also a switch to disable the alarm relay located on the rear panel 3 3 Connecting the alarm relay If an alarm condition is present Kronos will activate the alarm relay When an alarm condition is detected the normally open contact will be closed 17 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 The alarm cut off switch is located the Control module front This
31. are not allowed because they have bit rates not multiple of 64 kbps It is also possible to enable auxiliary data Each module has a DB9 connector to transmit auxiliary data There is only one auxiliary data channel available per module The highest possible baud rate is applicable according the following table Auxiliary Data capacity in bps for all Apt X algorithms Sampling frequency Baud rate 16 kHz 3200 32 kHz 6400 48 kHz 9600 38 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 2 2 Selecting the audio source The audio source can be selected between analog or digital It is configurable both by software and from a switch on the front of the module The audio input selected is indicated in a led on the front panel of the module as follows ANA DIG LED Green means analog audio input selected Red indicates digital audio input selected A new possibility has been added for the new encoder modules with analog and digital audio connectors It is possible to enable the audio source backup In that way if a threshold is not detected in a specified time the input will be switched Additionally an alarm can be activated to monitor whether the audio input source has been switched 2 3 Gain adjustment The gain of each channel can be adjusted between 6 and 6 dB in steps of 1dB 2 4 Activating the test tone We can active or deactivate a test tone of 1004 Hz and 12 dBFs in each channel This tone will replace th
32. d The colour of the LED will vary depending on the output audio level Green less than 9 dBFs Orange from 9dBFs to 3 5 dBFs Red more than 3 5 dBFs overhead KRONOS User Manual V5 06 hapter IV Synchronous data card 1 Functional Description The Data Card is able to manage up to two independent bi directional lines of synchronous data each one at a speed selectable between 64 kbps and 1984 kbps The way these data lines are multiplexed across the E1 T1 time slots is totally configurable allowing great flexibility in the assignment of available resources The features of each one of these data lines are as follows V 35 X21 Interface with high density connectors SCSI 20 Micro D Working as DCE or DTE Bi directional data line with the same Tx and Rx speed Transparent synchronous data line Selectable speed of n x 64 kbps from 64 kbps up to 1984 kbps with option of deactivating the hand shaking lines TD CTS DSR or DCD Reception from any E1 T1 channel e Transmission distribution to any E1 T1 channel The sum of speeds of the two data lines must not exceed 2048 kbps otherwise only one of them will work 2 Configuration 2 1 Installing the physical drivers The drivers are on daughter boards that are fitted on the module main board These have the required interface circuitry to translate X21 V35 voltage levels to the internal TTL levels The position of the card determines whether the
33. digital transmission 192Kbit s The J 42 standard encoding laws are based on a uniformly quantized 14 bit per sample PCM technique with companding and employ eleven segment 14 to 11 bit instantaneous A law companding There is also parity bit for error detection It is calculated from the 7 most significant bits of the sample For each 2 input samples we get an output code There are 2 variants of the standard 36 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 Variant which is used in units that are based hierarchy at 2048Kbit s E1 Variant B which is used in digital units that are based on a digital hierarchy at 1544Kbit s T1 There is an option for setting emphasis on the audio signals according to recommendation J 17 In the case of the stereo only one digital channel at 384Kbit s is used joining the signals of both channels according to J 41 standard 2 1 6 J57 The ITU T J 57 recommendation is used for the transmission of digital sound signals with studio quality by digital hierarchy H11 or H12 The J 57 H12 standard encoder receives 20bit samples of stereo digital audio at 48KHz It encodes blocks of 96 audio samples 48 per channel Giving a ims companding block near instantaneous companding from 20 to 15 bits sample is applied with 8 coding ranges Each coded sample has a parity bit 96 parity bits per 1ms companding block some of these bits are used in order to transmit the scale factor information for each channel th
34. e backpanel or 52 volts when working as main power supply generated in the module itself Moreover it is possible to monitor both voltages remotely from the control module having each supply module the necessary devices to carry out this monitoring As shown in the following diagram the control module gives information on the voltage supplied by the power supply module as well as on the voltage available in the backpanel There are two LEDs in the front panel of each power supply showing the state of the voltages generated by the module itself AC DC or DC DC Converter B A C K L Control Bus po LED 48 52 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 Chapter VIII Expansion Module When the number of audio or data modules needs to be extended it will be necessary to install extension modules to allow connection of additional racks in cascade The extension modules occupy fixed positions within each subrack An extension module will be inserted in slot 15 of the main subrack and in slots 0 and 15 of the following subracks The connection between subracks will be carried out with a standard 50 ways SCSI cable This cable is supplied together with the units if requested according to the configuration inquired by the user The extension boards have programming bridges which configuration will depend on the subrack it will be installed and the slot to be inserted in Following is a table
35. e data line is not affected There is an option of disabling the monitoring of these signals HANDSHAKING NONE If this is set and the Data module is not connected random data will be transmitted through the corresponding E1 T1 time slots The default configuration is that the status of the line is only detected by the DTR signal or DSR if the card works as DTE If you specify speed 0 CTS DSR and DCD RTS and DTR if it is DTE will be deactivated 4 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 3 Monitoring 3 1 LEDs Under normal working the data card has three leds to indicate its status LED Card status LED L1 line 1 status LED L2 Line 2 status e Card state Once the module is operational the LED S will show steady green e Line state The LED L1 reflects the line state of the LINE 1 connector and the LED L2 the state of the LINE 2 connector The following table presents the possible line states according to the color LED color Line state OFF Not active Speed 0 has been configured RED Not active The reason could be the line has dropped the sum of the configured time slots is over the allowed maximum or a temporary state YELLOW Active Some of the control signals are not active DSR DCD and CTS in DTE mode and DTR and RTS in DCE mode GREEN Active 50 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 Chapter VII Power Supply The Kronos accepts the installation of a AC or DC 48
36. e input audio to all intents and purposes vumeters coding but will not be affected by the volume control 33 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 3 Monitoring 3 1 LEDs 40 There are three LED s in the front of each module AN DIG If it is GREEN it indicates that the analog input is selected If it is RED it indicates AES EBU input is selected Level indicator OFF 78 dBFs no audio input GREEN 78 dBFs 9 dBFs ORANGE 9 dBFs 3 5 dBFs RED gt 3 5 dBFs Overload Level indicator OFF 78 dBFs no audio input GREEN 78 dBFs 9 dBFs ORANGE 9 dBFs 3 5 dBFs RED gt 3 5 dBFs Overload KRONOS User Manual V5 06 Chapter VII Audio Decoder Card 1 Functional description The audio decoder module allows the reception of audio signals through 1 1 circuits using different compression formats All the parameters are configurable by software even the selection of the analog or digital interface 2 Configuration The configuration options of the audio decoder module depend on the selected compression algorithm For each algorithm there is an option of working as a dual decoder or as two independent decoders This second option allows the decoding of each received channel using the same algorithm but using different bit rates for each channel 2 1 Decoding algorithms 2 1 1 G711 It allows the reception of audio signals using the standard telephone
37. e status of the channel additional data and MultiFrame Alignment signals every 1536bits or 192 blocks 192ms MFA and frame slip detection FSD in each block of 1 ms In the case of H12 3 audio bits and 1 user bit per sample are sent The H12 level provides a total of 20 bits per sample and H11 provides a total of 16 bits per sample To simplify interworking between H11 and H12 channels the companding of the audio signal is such that the samples are compressed for transmission in the H11 channel In the H12 channel extra bits may be conveyed to improve resolution of the audio coding and provide a user data channel H11 uses 24 time slots and H12 30 at 64 Kbps SE Since 1 4 0 Encoder Module software version 1 6 0 Kronos version it is possible to transmit ancillary data when 257 is selected 2 1 7 apt X Standard amp Enhanced apt X available since 1 6 0 Encoder Module software version 1 9 1 Kronos version This option is not available in the standard version For more information please contact with sales prodys net It allows the transmission of audio with similar quality to linear PCM but at a much reduced bit rate apt X is a low complexity audio compression algorithm offering unsurpassed audio quality it is robust to random bits errors extremely tolerant to tandem coding and has short coding delay The apt X system is based on an implementation of subband Adaptive 37 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 D
38. ecessary to fully define a multiplexed configuration 2 1 Channels A channel is a data flow bits at a speed of N x 64 kbps where N is less than 32 The user must define the channel before setting the route e 1 1 channels An E1 T1 channel is a multiple 64 kbps in one direction only that is N time slots of one received or transmitted E1 T1 line A channel transports a sequential flow of bits through an E1 T1 line at a speed of N x 64 kbps The channels are defined by the user and must specify the following e Which E1 T1 line is to be used as well as the direction of the communication input Rx or output Tx e Which time slots make up the channel The order in which they are specified does not matter as the bits are always taken in the order they received or transmitted through the E1 T1 circuit 2 2 Routes A route is the connection from input module to channel groupings of E1 or T1 time slots to output module Audio or Data or visa versa According to the kind of the channel defined the mode of operation is called multiplexed demultiplexed or drop insert Type of source channel Type of destination Mode Operation channel E1 T1 Output module Demultiplexed Input module E1 T1 Multiplexed E1 T1 E1 T1 Drop insert It is necessary to define the channels at each end of the E1 T1 circuit Both channels of a route must have the same bandwidth effective speed and time slot allocation
39. ey are installed in and the slots they occupy Please see this configuration as follows Jumpers configuration of the Extension board Subrack Slot Jumper Jumper Jumper P3 1 2 0 Subrack 15 1 3 5 7 15 CLOSED CLOSED OPEN 1 3 5 7 If it is the last subrack 0 OPEN OPEN CLOSED 1 3 5 7 If it is not the last subrack 0 OPEN OPEN OPEN 2 4 6 8 0 CLOSED OPEN OPEN 2 4 6 8 15 OPEN OPEN OPEN 19 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 4 1 Hot swapping of the extension modules ATTENTION The removal of one of the extension boards will interrupt the operation of the whole system if the interconnection cable has not been unplugged When an extension board needs to be first unplug firstly unplugged the cable to allow operation of the modules connected to the lower subracks 5 Starting up the Kronos The startup sequence takes about 30 seconds During the startup sequence the control module starts up and detects the configuration of the Kronos loading the saved configuration or the default configuration if it finds a newly installed module 20 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 Chapter IV Control Card 1 Functional description The main function of the Controller Card is to allow the management of the KRONOS Management can be carried out LOCALLY as well as REMOTELY For local management the Controller Card has a Serial Port and for remote management it has an ETH
40. he CRC 4 procedure and the other form the E bits NFAS Alarm Bit An alarm must be sent to the transmitter when the device detects one of the following conditions loss of the signal LOS loss of frame alignment LOF The remote alarm indication RAI is sent in the NFAS of the return frames with bit 3 being set to 1 The transmitter then considers how serious the alarm is and goes on generating a series of operations depending on the type of alarm condition selected Supervision Bits The bits that are in the position 2 bit number 1 on the table of the TSO in the frame that does not contain the FAS are called supervision bits and are set to 1 to avoid simulations of the FAS signal Spare Bits The bits in positions 4 to 8 are spare bits and they do not have one single application but can be used in a number of ways as decided by the telecommunication carrier When they are not used must be set to 1 in international links This is the way that Kronos works 1 2 3 E1 signalling When E1 is used to connect PBX via leased lines the time slot 16 can carry out band signalling information between them There are two types e CCS Common Channel Signaling Transparent channel for signalling protocols CAS Channel Associated Signaling Signalling Multiframe Additional CAS multiframe structure that provides 4 bits signalling information per time slot As Kronos do not have specific voice modules CAS is not impleme
41. he E1 receiver has lost frame synchronization e RECEIVING CRC 4 BLOCK ERRORS Receive frame synchronization has been lost because the CRC 4 block error threshold 915 1000 has been exceeded LOOPBACK One of the loopback modes has been activated 32 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 Prodys Control shows the status line the following way Line UP gt UP RAI detected gt UP amp RAI Line Down amp Loss of Recive signal gt DOWN Line Down amp Receiving all ones signal gt DOWN_AIS Line Down amp Receiver out of frame gt DOWN_SYNC Line Down amp Receiving CRC 4 block errors gt DOWN_CRC4 Kronos will force a Remote Alarm Indication RAI when any of the following conditions are present Loss of receive signal Receiving all ones signal Receiver out of frame and Receiving CRC 4 block errors 4 2 LEDS The E1 T1 card has three LEDs to indicate its status LINE 1 Line 1 status LINE 2 Line 2 status 5 Clock configuration 4 2 1 Line status LINE 1 or LINE 2 STATUS RED solid G 703 daughter card Not detected RED blinking LINE DOWN GREEN blinking Line UP ORANGE blinking Internal loopback active GREEN ORANGE Remote alarm indication RAI is detected blinking 4 2 2 Clock configuration The TDM bus in the backplane must be synchronized to the T1 E1 clocks Kronos provides hardware logic to accept multiple clock so
42. ht 4U Width 19inches Depth 370 mm AC Power supply Module 5 TE 50 8 mm DC Power Supply Module 5 TE 50 8 mm E1 T1 Module 4 TE 20 32 mm Control Module 4 TE 20 32 mm Audio Encoder Module 8 TE 40 64 mm Slim Audio Encoder Module 4 TE 20 32 mm Audio Decoder Module 8 TE 40 64 Slim Audio Decoder Module 4 TE 20 32 mm Data Module 4 TE 20 32mm Expansion Module 4 TE 20 32 mm 62 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 Appendix Connectors 1 E1 T1 Module RJ45 12 oN Oo oO W WO N eh E1 T1 CONNECTOR 63 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 2 Control Module 2 1 Console connector NC RXD GND NC NC GND TXD NC O Q P WO N 2 2 Connector P1 PIN SIGNAL 1 Outputi 9 GNDi 2 Output 2 10 GND2 3 Output 3 4 Output 4 12 GND4 5 Output 5 6 Output 6 7 Output7 Technical specifications Icmax 50 mA Vcemax 70 V Vecmax 7 V Pmax 150 mW 64 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 3 Audio Encoder Module 3 1 Audio XLR Connector PIN SIGNAL 1 GND 2 3 3 2 Audio 9 Connector PIN SIGNAL 1 R analog input AES EBU input 6 R analog input AES EBU input 2 3 4 GND 5 L analog input 9 L analog input 65 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 4 Audio Encoder Module with two audio connectors 4 1
43. ifferential Pulse Code Modulation Subband ADPCM The Standard apt X transparently code 16 bit PCM audio with a fixed compression ratio of 4 1 Also there are three improved versions Enhanced apt X offering further levels of operation with a choice of 16 20 or 24 bit resolution These Enhanced versions deliver a significant improvement in audio and processing delay performance coupled with faster synchronization and a new method for embedding auxiliary data Depending on the selected algorithm Standard or Enhanced and sampling frequency the delay will change The bandwidth depends just on sampling frequency Both parameters are explained in the technical specification section The encoder module allows the following apt X encoding formats Standard Enhanced 16 bits Enhanced 20 bits or Enhanced 24 bits apt X FREQUENCY 16 32 or 48 KHz BITRATE 64 128 192 256 320 384 or 576 Kbps MODE Mono or Stereo The bit rate depends on the number of audio channels sampling frequency and apt X algorithm They are as follows FREQUENCY MODE Standard apt X Enhanced 16 bits 20 bits 24 bits 16 kHz mono 64 kbps 64 kbps 16 kHz stereo 128 kbps 128 kbps 192 kbps 32 kHz mono 128 kbps 128 kbps 192 kbps 32 kHz stereo 256 kbps 256 kbps 320 kbps 384 kbps 48 kHz mono 192 kbps 192 kbps 48 2 stereo 384 kbps 384 kbps 576 kbps Note modes marked with
44. igital bit streams rates sufficient energy must exist such that network elements can maintain timing extraction from the incoming data known as Loop Timing Systems As such too many consecutive zeros can lead to timing extraction issues and cause a distruption in timing events and synchronization In E1 the line coding used is HDB3 High Density Bipolar With 3 Zero Substitution This method utilizes violation pulses so that the recovering circuitry can distinguish between data and an encoded signal In HDB3 encoding any sequence of four consecutive zeros will be replaced by 000V or B00V The choice is made so that the number of B pulses between consecutive V pulses is odd Successive V pulses are of alternate polarity to avoid the possibility of a DC component 25 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 Pulse Template Requirements All marks of a valid signal must conform to the pulse mask shown below The value V corresponds to the nominal amplitude of the pulse For Coax 75W the nominal voltaga is 2 37v For balanced twisted pair 120W the nominal voltage is 3 0v E1 PULSE TEMPLATE Nominal pulse NOTE V corresponds to the nominal peak value 1 2 The E1 framing structure The E1 framing structure follows the ITU T Recommendation G 704 As define the norm the basic frame structure at 2048 Kbps consists of 256 bits which is created 8 000 times per second This yields a bit rate of 2 048
45. mmendation 17 Also the recommendation G 735 for channel time slot allocation can be set Special compensation mode delays for compatibility with other multiplexers only for 2 41 In order to be compatible with other manufacturers multiplexers a special mode can be selected that introduces a delay between the two channels This ensures that the audio channels are phase coherent when connecting a Kronos unit to other manufacturers multiplexers The delay offset between L and R channels of a module depends on the assignment of time slots that are selected for each audio channel This assignment must be made according to the G 735 standard A gt 1 2 3 17 18 19 slots 4 5 6 20 21 22 slots 7 8 9 23 24 25 slots D 10 11 12 26 27 28 slots 13 14 15 29 30 31 slots Depending the selected group L channel assignment of time slots for the R channel should be chosen from the table below A B 11 725 23 44uS 35 16uS 46 88uS B X 11 72uS 23 44uS 35 16uS C X 11 72uS 23 44uS D X 11 72uS E X The time slots that have been assigned to the L channel are in the left column and the slots to be assigned to the R channel are along the top The values indicate the compensated delay for each combination 2 1 5 J42 The J 42 standard is recommended for encoding 7KHz mono analog signals for digital transmission 192Kbit s
46. nal data and MultiFrame Alignment signals every 1536bits or 192 blocks 192ms MFA and frame slip detection FSD in each block of 1 ms In the case of H12 3 audio bits and 1 user bit per sample are sent The H12 level provides a total of 20 bits per sample and H11 provides a total of 16 bits per sample To simplify interworking between H11 and H12 channels the companding of the audio signal is such that the samples are compressed for transmission in the H11 channel In the H12 channel extra bits may be conveyed to improve resolution of the audio coding and provide a user data channel H11 uses 24 time slots and H12 30 at 64 Kbps Since 1 4 0 Decoder Module software version it is possible to receive ancillary data when J57 is selected 44 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 2 1 7 apt X Standard amp Enhanced apt X available since 1 6 0 Decoder Module software version 1 9 1 Kronos version This option is not available in the standard version For more information please contact with sales prodys net It allows the reception of audio with similar quality to linear PCM but at a much reduced bit rate apt X is a low complexity audio compression algorithm offering unsurpassed audio quality it is robust to random bits errors extremely tolerant to tandem coding and has short coding delay The apt X system is based on an implementation of subband Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation Subband ADPCM The Standard
47. ns of the Kronos are different 3 2 2 Management for console CON connector The CON connector provides a serial port connection It acts as DCE The terminal that is connected to that port must be configured as below Protocol UART Line speed 9600 bps Parity None Data Bits 8 Stop Bits 1 Flow control None Terminal Emulation VT 100 CONTROL MODULE RJ45 RJ45 DB9 Adapter 9600 bps 8 bits No parity 1STOP bit 14 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 3 2 3 Remote management LAN connector The Controller card has TCP IP stack which allows the remote management through e TELNET service Emulates the serial port console e SNMP service Allows centralized management of the unit with software typically ProdysControl or HP Openview Remote management can be carried out using the Ethernet Interface LAN connector through E1 T1 channels at least one time slot needs to be configured to support IP traffic Management of local Kronos units those connected to our LAN through the Kronos LAN connector as well as of remote Kronos units can be carried out since the Kronos routes the IP traffic through the E1 T1 links E1 T1 NETWORK Prodys can supply an application for the management of the Kronos ProdysControl it allows access to the control and monitoring functions of the Kronos unit If you connect a network card Workstation to the LAN interface of the Kronos you must use a cross over LAN cable
48. nsmission bandwidth 3 4 KHz Using G711 each audio input takes up a single time slot of an E1 T1 link 64 Kbps Each audio input in G711 mode can be either A Law or p Law 2 1 2 G722 Allows the transmission of high quality voice signal 7 KHz Using G722 each audio input takes up a single time slot of an E1 T1 link 64 Kbps Synchronization can be selected between statistical framed SRT or H221 2 1 3 MPEG Depending on the selected configuration the bandwidth as well as the delay will change Both parameters are explained in the technical specification section The encoder module allows the following MPEG encoding formats LAYER or FREQUENCY 16 24 32 or 48 KHz BITRATE 64 128 192 256 320 or 384 Kbps Stereo Joint Stereo Dual or Mono 34 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 allowed sampling frequency bit rate and mode combinations will depend on the imposed restrictions by the MPEG standard They are as follows MPEG LAYER II Fs 48 32 KHz MPEG LAYER II Fs 24 16 KHz MODE MODE Stereo Joint Stereo Dual Mono Stereo Joint Stereo Dual Mono B 64 X X X x B 64 x x x x R 128 x x x x R 128 x x x x A 192 x x x x A 192 T 256 x x x T 256 320 X X X E 320 384 X x x 384 MPEG LA
49. nted 29 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 1 3 Alarm criteria 1 3 4 Receive Carrier loss Resync Criteria 255 consecutive 0s received ITU G 775 G 962 e Sync Criteria In 255 bit times at least 255 1s are received ITU G 775 G 962 1 3 5 Loss and recovery of frame alignment 1055 of frame alignment Frame alignment will be assumed to have been lost when three consecutive incorrect frame alignment signals have been received ITU G 706 4 1 1 e Strategy for frame alignment recovery Frame alignment will be assumed to have been recovered when the following sequence is detected ITU G 706 4 1 2 for the first time the presence of the correct frame alignment signal the absence of the frame alignment signal in the following frame detected by verifying that bit 2 of the basic frame is a 1 for the second time the presence of the correct frame alignment signal in the next frame 1 3 6 Receive unframed all 1s Resync criteria Less than three Os in two frames 512 bits Sync criteria More than two 0 in two frames ITU O 162 1 3 7 Receive Remote Alarm Resync criteria bit 3 of non align frame set to 1 for three consecutive occasions ITU O 162 2 1 4 Sync criteria bit 3 of non align frame set to 0 for three consecutive occasions ITU O 162 2 1 4 1 3 8 CRC multiframe Resync criteria 915 or more CRC4 code words out of 1000 received in error ITU G706 4 3 2 e Sync Criteria Two valid M
50. onos Base Device 2 1 1 Components 9 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 Kronos frame 19 4U Rack mount The place where the modules are divided in 18 slots 1 slot 4 TE 20 32 mm The back panel of the rack has identified connectors in the following way for the installation of the main power supply CN2 for the installation of the secondary power supply SLOTS 0 15 for the installation of the different modules The using of these slots is subject to the following restrictions Main power supply It is always installed in the connector CN1 of the back panel The main power supply can be AC or DC It takes up 10 TE 50 8 mm Secondary power supply It is always installed in the connector CN2 of the back panel This power supply is optional and it is used as redundant in the case of failure of the main power supply It can be AC o DC It takes up 10 TE 50 8mm of the frame this is fitted next to the main power supply CONTROL module This module looks after the configuration and monitoring of the system It includes a GPO connector It must be installed in the slot 13 or 14 of the main rack It takes up one slot 4 20 32 mm of the frame e E1 T1 module E1 or T1 interface module depending on the installed daughter card Each line is identified as Line 1 and Line 2 and it has two BNC connectors one for transmission Tx and one for reception Rx and a RJ45 connector The Kronos allows
51. podys lt K AN T NC E1 T1 MULTIPLEXER USER MANUAL VERSION 5 06 INDEX CE Declaration of Compliance Chapter IINTRODUCTION 1 About this Manual Chapter ABOUT KRONOS 1 INTRODUCTION 2 KRONOS PARTS 2 1 Kronos Base Device 2 2 Kronos Extension racks Chapter III Kronos Installation 1 Before installing 2 Mounting in the rack 3 Installing the Kronos 3 1 Connecting the power 3 2 Connecting the controller card 3 3 Connecting the alarm relay 3 4 Connecting the E1 or T1 lines 3 5 Connecting the audio modules 4 Installing Extension Subracks 4 1 Hot swapping of the extension modules 5 Starting up the Kronos Chapter IV Control Card 1 Functional description 2 About E1 T1 Multiplexing 2 1 Channels 2 2 Routes 3 Configuring the master clock for the multiplexer 4 IP traffic through 1 1 channels 5 GPO Connector 6 Alarm Relay Reset switch 7 Indicators on the Control Module Chapter V E1 T1 Module 1 Functional description 1 1 E1 Physical amp Electrical Characteristics 1 2 The framing structure 1 3 Alarm criteria 2 Configuration 2 1 El Interface 2 2 T1 Interface 3 Loopbacks 4 Monitoring 4 1 El alarms conditions 4 2 LEDS Chapter VI Audio Encoder Card 1 Functional description 2 Configuration 2 1 Coding algorithms 2 2 Selecting the audio source 2 3 Gain adjustment 2 4 Activating the test tone 3 Monitoring 3 1 LEDs 2 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 ov O
52. s It is implemented using a modular construction on a common backplane architecture in 19 rack It is possible to cascade up to 8 racks together This all gives great flexibility in the choice of input and output modules depending on the requirements of each application The more important features of the unit are as follows Ability to connect up to four E1 T1 circuits to one base device Drop insert across any of the connected E1 T1 circuits AC or DC 48V power supply Option of redundant AC or DC power supply Hot swapping of modules to make servicing and updating easier Option to extend the configuration with additional racks up to a maximum of 8 racks Local or remote control and configuration through RS232 Telnet or LAN interface SNMP Ability to assign time slots for IP traffic dynamically Routed interconnection of LAN through E1 T1 circuits Totally configurable audio modules by software selection of analog or digital interface as well as encoding decoding algorithm e Bi directional module of synchronous data two ports per module The interface can be configured V35 X21 and as DTE or DCE 8 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 2 KRONOS PARTS The Kronos multiplexer is made up of a base device and additional racks where the number of modules is more than can be fitted in one rack Below is a description of the individual parts and the position where they have to be fitted inside the rack 2 1 Kr
53. s the highest priority and the bottom one the lowest priority In order to assign a priority within the ProdysControl application each clock can be moved in relation to each other 4 IP traffic through E1 T1 channels The controller card is able to communicate by IP with remote units through E1 T1 channels It is possible to access the whole network of KRONOS units for centralized management and configuration from an only one management application as the controller is also a router this allows the interconnection of networks using those links In order to get IP access through E1 T1 channels there is an internal line in the control module This is a line of 1280 Kbps 20 timeslots that is multiplexed to the four E1 T1 lines of the KRONOS On this internal line there are PPP interfaces one for each IP channel bi directional that we want to establish Kronos units are supplied with the pre configured PPP connections The user only has to assign time slots for the IP traffic in each one of the available E1 T1 lines Note the maximum number of time slots is 20 summing the time slots of all the lines 23 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 5 Connector subD 15 socket provides general purpose connection with 7 general purpose opto isolated outputs The connections must be wired according to the following diagram PIN SIGNAL PIN SIGNAL 1 Output 1 9 GND1 2 Output 2 10 GND2 3 Output 3 11 GND3 4 Output 4 12 GND4 5 Output
54. switch could used to silence a local alarm once the source of the alarm has been identified and deactivated 3 4 Connecting the E1 or T1 lines The Kronos allows up to four El or T1 circuits to be connected Each E1 module has two interfaces installing a daughter card on the baseboard for each interface enables these There is the option of using either BNC or RJ45 connectors for each interface 3 5 Connecting the audio modules The audio modules are configurable by software even the type of input or output Each module supports analog as well as digital interface A LED on the front of the module indicates the interface that is active Which connector is in use depends on the mode selected 3 5 4 Audio Encoder Module Analog inputs AN DIG led is light indicating that the analog interface is active The connections are the same as the panel markings i e L and R Digital input AN DIG led is off indicating that the digital interface is active The AES EBU audio input is connected to the connector marked AES EBU INPUT In the new encoder modules there are two independent audio inputs for analog and digital signals These new modules have a switch on the front panel to change from analog to digital audio source and vice versa 3 5 5 Audio Decoder Module Analog outputs Led AN DIG is lit indicating that the analog interface is active The connections are the same as the panel markings i e L and R Digital outpu
55. t AN DIG led is off indicating that the digital interface is active The AES EBU audio output connected to the connector marked AES EBU OUTPUT Optionally to lock to an external sync source use the connector with marked AES EBU SYNC In the new decoder modules there are two independent audio outputs for analog and digital signals 4 Installing Extension Subracks There is the possibility to increase the number of audio or data modules by connecting in cascade additional racks using the extension modules Each rack has an independent power supply with the possibility to install a secondary one as well It will be necessary to install in the extension racks extension modules to allow the connection in cascade The extension modules will always be inserted in 18 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 slots 15 and 0 in the back panel It will be possible to install as many audio modules as data modules in the remaining slots free 1 14 in the back panel The connection between subracks will be made by using a standard 50 ways SCSI cable This cable is supplied together with the units if requested according to the configuration inquired by the user nect the subracks will be as follows The way to intercon ATTENTION The last connected subrack needs an additional extension board without connection cable for buses finishing The extension boards have some jumpers which configuration depends on the subrack th
56. ted in cascade The expansion modules are fitted in the slots 15 and 0 of the backplane IL is possible to install audio as well as data modules in the rest of the slots of the backplane 1 14 E1 T1 or control modules cannot be installed in the expansion racks 11 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 Chapter 111 Kronos Installation 1 Before installing The Kronos unit is usually supplied ready configured to the customer s specification It is recommended that you check that the shipped configuration is as requested 2 Mounting in the rack The Kronos requires 4U rack 4U 44 45 x 4 mm We recommend when installing the Kronos to leave a free space in its upper and lower part to guarantee a correct ventilation of the unit 3 Installing the Kronos All the connections of the Kronos with the exception of the power are accessible from the front of the unit None of the cards with the exception of the power supplies requires the configuration of jumpers or switches 3 1 Connecting the power The Kronos rack allows installation of an AC or DC main and or redundant power supply The rack is supplied with the customer specified configuration of power supplies It is important that the end user checks which power supply supplies are fitted before using the unit The power connections for both the AC and DC power supplies are fitted to the back panel of the Kronos rack There are two power input connector for each type of power s
57. two modules up to four 1 or T1 links they must be installed in the slots 0 and 1 of the rack Each module takes one slot e Audio ENCODER module This module carries out the encoding process All its parameters are configurable by software analog or digital input and coding algorithm This module can be installed in any of the slots 2 13 of the rack It can also be installed in the slot 14 when this is not be occupied by the control module Each module takes two slots when the connectors are XLR or only one slot if the module is supplied with 9 way sub D connectors e Audio DECODER module This module carries out the decoding process As all its parameters are configurable by software analog or digital output and decoding algorithm This module can be installed in any of the slots 2 13 of the rack It can also be installed in the slot 14 when the control module does not occupy this Each module takes two slots when the connectors are XLR or only one slot if the module is supplied with 9 way sub D connectors e SYNCHRONOUS DATA module The interface is X21 V35 and can work as DCE or DTE Each module has two data ports This module can be installed in any of the slots 2 13 of the rack It can also be installed in the slot 14 when it is not occupied by the control module or in the slot 15 if the expansion module is not fitted Each module takes up one slot e EXTENSION module This module is needed to connect more than one frame This module
58. typically carries the results of a CRC 4 calculation When the CRC 4 is not enabled the International bit Si is set to 1 Bit 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Value Si 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 Function International Bit Frame Alignment Signalling FAS Pattern Description In practice the Si bit within the FAS The fixed framing pattern is used by Operation 1 frame carries the results of Receive El framer at the remote CRC 4 calculation terminal for frame synchronization alignment purposes Non FAS Frame Timeslot 0 within the non FAS E1 frame contains bits that support signalling or data link message transmission The bit format of timeslot 0 is presented below The Si bit in the Non FAS frame typically carries a specific value that will be used by the Receive E1 Framer for CRC Multi frame alignment purposes When the CRC 4 is not enabled the International bit Si is set to 1 Bit A is used to signal loss of signal LOS or loss of framing LOF condition to the far end Dad to Sag are spare bits whose use is defined in the G 704 Recommendation When these are not used should be set to 1 on links crossing an international border Kronos set Sa4 to Sag bits to 1 BIT 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Value Si 1 A Sa4 Sa5 Sa7 Sa8 Function International Fixed value Remote alarm National Bits Bit indication In undisturbed operation set to 0 in
59. ultiple of 64 kbps It is also possible to enable auxiliary data Each module has a DB9 connector to handle auxiliary data There is only one auxiliary data channel available per module 45 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 highest possible baud rate is applicable according the following table Auxiliary Data capacity in bps for all Apt X algorithms Sampling frequency Baud rate 16 kHz 3200 32 kHz 6400 48 kHz 9600 2 2 Selecting the audio output The audio output can be selected between analog or digital 2 3 Gain adjustment The gain of each channel can be adjusted between 6 6 dB in steps of 1dB 2 4 Activating the test tone The test tone of 1004 Hz and 12 dBFs can be activated or deactivated in each channel without being affected by the gain control If the decoder is framed its level will be reflected in the vumeters replacing the decoded audio 3 Monitoring 3 1 LEDs There are three LED s in the front of each module 46 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 47 AN DIG ON shows the selected analog output OFF shows the selected AES EBU output L SYNC Framed audio LED OFF Decoder not framed ON Decoder framed The colour of the LED will vary depending on the output audio level Green less than 9 dBFs Orange from 9dBFs to 3 5 dBFs Red more than 3 5 dBFs overhead R SYNC Framed audio LED OFF Decoder not framed ON Decoder frame
60. upply i e The AC IEC connectors feeds both AC power supplies and the DC connectors feeds both DC supplies 12 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 DC POWER SUPPLIES AC POWER SUPPLIES 3 1 1 Connecting the 48 VDC power supply The 48VDC connectors are located in the rear panel of the Kronos The unit is supplied with this connectors to ease the installation The connection procedure is as follows 1 Only use UL 12 AWG standardized cable We recommend to peel the cable approximately 8 mm 3 inches 2 Ensure that the external power supply or battery is disconnected 3 Connect the GND screw to the installation ground 4 Connect the negative terminal of the external power supply to the connection point of the DC INPUT connector 5 Connect the positive terminal of the external power supply to the installation ground and to the connection point of the DC INPUT connector KRONOS GND SCREW KRONOS DC INPUT BATTERY 13 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 Extra must be taken when connecting the DC power supply wrong installation could damage the unit Make sure that there no voltage in the DC power supply cable before you connect it 3 2 Connecting the controller card The control card has two connectors CON amp LAN in order to allow management of the Kronos Depending on which one is used the access to the configuration and management functio
61. urces as input and use one of them as the primary source to generate a stable PPL synchronized output clock The control card allows selecting the MASTER clock and assigning priorities for each of the available clock sources The LED S will indicate if the E1 card is selected as MASTER clock or not S CLOCK RED solid Wrong MASTER clock L1 and L2 RED solid GREEN blinking This card is providing MASTER clock ORANGE blinking This card is NOT providing the MASTER clock 33 KRONOS User Manual V5 06 Chapter VI Audio Encoder Card 1 Functional description The audio encoder module allows the transmission of audio signals through the E1 T1 circuits in different compression formats All the parameters are configurable by software even the selection of the analog or digital interface AES EBU A single encoder module can access the four 1 1 line interfaces using independent channels simultaneously i e the time slots used on each line can be different 2 Configuration The configuration options for the audio encoder module depend on the compression algorithm that is selected The two audio channels of each encoder can be used as two independent encoders each using a different algorithm or encoding each audio input using the same algorithm but using a different bit rate for each input 2 1 Coding algorithms 2 1 1 G711 It allows the transmission of audio signals using the standard of telephone tra

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