Home

User Manual - Laser 2000

1. 1 17 1 9 1 Beam Acquisition and Measurement Region sss 1 17 1 9 2 Deom EEEN 1 18 1 9 3 Beam Vast te 1 22 1 9 4 Slit Dimension and Beam Waist iie t Pe Dei 1 22 1 9 5 Beam Numerical Aperture and du toti a ebd 1 25 1 9 6 Beam M 1 25 LIO MANUALGCONVENTION 1 28 LIL COPYRIGHT NOTICE 1 28 1 1 WELCOME Welcome to DataRay Beam Profiling These innovative products define state of the art feature rich real time dual mode slit knife edge beam profiling in accordance with the ISO 11146 Standard They are designed as research development QA and manufacturing test tools that can be easily customized to your application The program combines easy to use intuitive software and proven beam profiling algorithms With a little time and patience we think you will be pleasantly surprised with how easy to use we have made it International Organization for Standardization ISO 111146 Test methods for laser beam parameters Beam widths divergence angle and beam propagation factor http webstore ansi org ansidocstore default asp This manual covers the BeamMap Beam R and BeamMap ColliMate product ranges Beam R capabilities are a subset of BeamMap capabilities In conjunction wit
2. er 3 25 TI IU T tae ema eee 3 26 FPEM T 3 26 JE Sante ened isse fea 3 27 3 5 PORTE UTS 3 30 3 6 HARDWARE OUICKSSATART TUTORIA 3 31 3 6 1 Precautions and Safety Warnings nnn nennen 3 31 3 6 2 nate kanes UD 3 31 3 6 3 Beam R Knife Edge or Slit Mode eese eene nnne nnns 3 33 APPENDIX A FUNCTION REQUEST FORM 2 APPENDIX M SQUARED AND ITS MEASUREMENT 3 APPENDIX C TECHNICAL SUPPORT SALES RETURNS DISTRIBUTORS AND REPRESENTATIVES ted eed f Fe ed 13 APPENDIX D BEAMMAP BEAM R 14 CHAPTER ONE 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1 OMI Mi eim 1 1 1 2 ABOUT BEAM MAP AND BEAM Roerei E A 1 2 1 3 BEAM R VERSUS 1 5 1 4 SYSTEM CONFIGURATION 1 5 1 5 1 T TE 1 5 1 6 FUNCTIONAL DESCRP TION 1 6 1 6 1 Bean Principe of ODEFIION 1 6 1 6 2 BeamMap ColliMate Principle of Operation esses 1 9 1 6 3 Deam RoPPIBIDICOF iade cha dieat ded Les te ted esent 1 10 1 7 Lee 1 11 1 8 PRODUCT SPECIFIC A TIONS a eletto 1 12 1 9 BEAM LIMIT
3. 2 2 2 4 Ics M UE 2 3 2 5 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS ccccccecccssccesceescsesssesseescsesseeeseeessessseeesees 2 4 2 6 LABVIEW LABWINDOWS VISUAL BASIC DLL S 2 5 2 1 PECADO TE AO 2 5 2 8 MOUNTING THE EIE AD e ei ee eet eid sete eti dme ies ial a ied Dh 2 7 2 8 1 2 7 OUICK START TUTORIALS 3 1 3 1 SOFTWARE QUICK START TUTORIAL 3 2 3 1 1 3 2 341 2 Previous V Saved feti diss 3 3 3 2 MANIPULATE THE IMAGE AND THE PROFILE ANALYSIS eene 3 9 3 2 1 LD RID Display Manip pulat ON rra 3 9 3 22 Choose a Beam Width Definition eb un a 3 10 Table of Contents 3 25 Dot Diameter DI dy Mode D 3 12 3 2 4 3 12 3 23 3 14 3 3 FOET DOWN MENUS 25 524 nid cuti 3 16 3 3 1 D 3 16 29 2 BU T NH 3 17 3 3 3 H P 3 18 3 3 4 AEA T 3 19 3 3 5 d P PH IP 3 19 3 3 6 3 23 oa OD TOTS T T H S 3 24 3 3 8 3 25 3 3 9 10 5
4. Static Calibration does not assume that the slits were positioned accurately on the puck nor does it consider the puck to be square on the motor shaft Instead the individual slits are assumed to lie in skew planes Using a finely focused laser beam assembly mounted on an X Y Z positioning stage with 1 readout accuracy the planes of each individual slit are accurately measured with care being taken to eliminate the effects of backlash From these measurements the absolute plane of the slit is defined This information is loaded into an EEPROM in the head allowing interchangeable heads and is used to determine the absolute position of beams measured during actual use A 14 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Appendices 2 3 Dynamic Calibration Dynamic Calibration does assume that the master clock on the PC card is accurate to its long term specification drift of lt 0 01 over the specified operating temperature range of 15 to 60 C and to its short term stability per revolution of better than 0 0001 better than one part in 10 Dynamic Calibration does not assume that the beam is always at its nominal radius The linear beam diameter 2w is the product of the actual radius R beam centroid to the center of rotation the number of samples N between the specified clip levels and the angle Ogi turned by the puck 27 1 024 000 radians per sample i e 2w R N Ostep
5. As the beam moves in the y direction measurement of the centroid position with the 45 slits allows determination of the actual centroid position in y This value is used to correct the actual radial distance R of the beam centroid from the rotation axis and hence the calibration of the measured beam diameters in x Correction for Angular Scan versus Linear Scan The BeamMap slit does not perform a strict linear scan but rather it performs a rotational scan which sets the slit at an angle to the beam The question therefore becomes how far from a linear motion is the actual motion in a real BeamMap and what corrections need to be applied Consider the extreme case shown in the diagram below with a Gaussian beam centered at 0 0 A Gaussian profile is Gaussian whatever the cut that you take across it Let Where 0 is known from the measured angle of rotation of the puck R OD the distance of the beam centroid from the rotation axis 2r 2 AD 2 CD 2 the actual radius of the beam at the measured clip level 2w 2 6 the measured diameter of the beam at the clip level and equals half the number of samples represented by the diameter measurement x The issue therefore becomes whether or not 2r 2W to sufficient accuracy i e whether or not 2RsinO0 2R0 i e whether or not 5 For sin 0 to equal 0 to better than 0 1 0 must be lt 4 5 a beam diameter lt 2 24 mm For b
6. Difference of Squares Corrrection 50 Clip 10 15 20 25 1 24 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 Slitwidth s Beamwidth 2w BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Introduction 1 9 5 Beam Numerical Aperture and f Based upon a maximum measured beam diameter of 3 mm and a minimum inner slit pair separation of 0 2 mm the absolute maximum measurable NA is gt 0 9 This corresponds to an f of lt 00 55 NA 1 2 x f 1 8 1 9 6 Beam M limits is calculated as a weighted least squares fit of beamwaist diameter 2W z at five z positions In order to accurately measure it is preferable to measure the beam divergence at Z Zp 21 _2Wo_ nW Ma With available slit plane separations of S 100 250 500 um and 10 mm the 2 2 71 criterion for the 100 um plane separation outer planes at 2 times the plane separation is met for z 200um gt Zp 1 Zr lt 200 um i e 1 Wo lt 200 um or 2Wox 800 M J n 100 um plane spacing 2Wo lt 2000 M J n for 250 um plane spacing 2Wo lt 4000 M A x for 500 um plane spacing 2W lt B0000 M JUn for 10 mm plane spacing The three graphs show the sets of curves for the 100 250 and 500 um plane spacing pucks For the 10 mm puck the values are ten times greater than the 100 um puck Always choose the largest puck spacing that will handle your beam See section 1 5 BeamMap Beam R
7. Connect the supplied 15 pin D connector cable first to the card and then to the head Ignore the RJ45 Ethernet standard socket This will be used with the BeamScope 2D or M attachment drive which the PCI card will support in the future with an alternate PLA programmable logic array Reconnect the previously disconnected PC power cords Power up the computer Except for the first time or when the head is cold or unused for some time the puck will start spinning and may spin slowly whenever your computer is powered up irrespective of whether or not the software is installed or opened This ensures that the head 1s always warmed up and that thermal creep is small during use The exceptional rotational stability of the puck is due to the use of viscous damping on the microstepped stepper motor f the unit has not been used for some time or if the head is cold the puck may not start run for several minutes Do not worry the software detects the problem and continuously restarts the rotation until it is Running BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 2 5 2 6 Installation 10 When you restart the computer with the card installed follow the screen dialog In Windows 11 Ne 2 6 95 98 amp 2000 but not NT it will look something like New Hardware Found PCI bridge Windows has found new hardware and is locating the software for it Which quickly changes to Update Device Driver Wizard You want to allow Wi
8. press always means press the keyboard key ODO D O enter means enter using the keyboard e g Enter Alt 5 means Press key while holding down Alt key then release the Alt key and press the key marked S Sometimes it 1s necessary to finish with the Enter key to complete the process Q 10 pt Arial Bold indicates keyboard entry items or words etc found on the screen 1 11 MANUAL AND COPYRIGHT NOTICE This manual describes the operation of the BeamMap and Beam R Beam Profilers DataRay Inc reserves the right to make changes to this manual and to the equipment described herein without notice DataRay has made considerable efforts to ensure that the information in this manual 15 accurate and complete However DataRay will not be liable for any technical or editorial errors or omissions or for any incidental special or consequential damages of any nature resulting from the furnishing of this manual or for the operation and performance of equipment in connection with this manual DataRay retains copyright to the contents of this manual Purchasers of the DataRay product s described herein may make up to two photocopies of this manual for use in conjunction with the equipment No other copying for any other purpose is allowed without the express written permission of DataRay Inc Boulder Creek California BeamScope BeamScopel0 6 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate DataRay WinCam PCI and WinCamD are tradem
9. 3 2 MANIPULATE THE IMAGE AND THE PROFILE ANALYSIS This takes you beyond the defaults described in Section 3 1 3 2 1 2D amp 3D Display amp Manipulation In the menu bar go to View and Show 3D a 3D version of the 2D reconstruction 3 1 Q Right click on the 2D image area to bring up the Zoom and color palette options Choose a higher Zoom setting to zoom the 3D image The sample file is shown above at Zoom 8 Click and drag in the 3D box to change the view of the 3D image Side to side motion rotates the image Up down motion changes the tilt angle Right click the 3D image and a floating menu appears Experiment 96 wires is normally overkill 64 wires are normally enough Q Click and drag on the 2D display to create a square Inclusion Region around the beam or a section of a beam to be viewed in 3D To move the square place the cursor in the 2D area and hold down the shift key while moving the cursor Note that the 3D image is always the region defined by the yellow rectangle To deselect the region left click on the 2D image area BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 3 9 Quick Start Tutorial 3 2 2 3 10 Choose a Beam Width Definition Click on Clip a or Clip b button to open a Clip level entry dialog box that allows you to choose a Beam Width definition Clip Level set at 13 5 1 is the commonly employed de facto standard Actually 13 53 Standar
10. A prerequisite of M Squared measurement is the availability or creation of an accessible beam waist Referring to Figure 1 Figure 1 2 The Embedded Gaussian Concept 2 0 Actual Beam M 1 2x m M P Normalized Beam Diameter 2W z 2W Embedded Gaussian 1 2 0 4 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 4 0 Normalized Distance z zg from Beam Waist M 1 Where The measured far field full angle divergence of the actual beam The theoretical far field divergence of a perfect Gaussian beam which has the same waist diameter as the measured beam And since g _ 2 2 TW Where 2 The beam waist diameter The measured beam waist diameter must be the second moment definition of beam diameter see Section 3 5 3 Substituting 2 into 1 gives M Fac 2Wg 0 4A The shape of the M curve may be shown to be hyperbolic of the form Where Zp is the Rayleigh Range which is defined as the distance at which the beam diameter is V2 greater than the diameter at the waist zp may be shown to be 2 0 _ x W MA 4 BeamMap Beam R BeamScope P7 Appendices Rearrangement of equations 3 to 5 gives a redefinition of in terms of a measured diameter at distance z from the beam waist Therefore any system that claims to measure M must adequately measure the waist diameter 2W z versus z over an appropriate range
11. alg w High color palette Monochrome palette is 128 level gray scale Monochrome palette 16 color palette is precisely that 32 color palette 10 color palette 10 color palette is precisely that Ink saver Ink Saver mode changes the black and blue black background the lowest 2 of the levels after background subtraction to a white background This does 3 3 what it says It saves ink when you print and minimizes that soggy floppy paper feeling 3 3 5 View Allows you to select what 15 occupying the screen Some options may be grayed out if they are not available for the MENS eee head that you are using v Toolbar wv Status Bar Useful if you have set up for production test and do not want Divergence to offer access to certain functions or to confuse people with Msquared the 2D 3D displays Set the screen up as you wish and then save it as a job file with a password Power bar Show Function keys Also useful in the unlikely event that you are working with a 600 x 800 or lower resolution monitor and you wish to Show 20 reduce what you are trying to display Update live 20 slows update Show 3D Divergence Update live SD slows update The Divergence function performs a least squares best fit to the beam diameter and centroid versus measurement plane values in order to determine the angular divergence u amp v and the Pointing x amp d y of the beam 0 2 di This unweighted
12. be Q 2D Profile Display This area 1s used to display a derived 2D plan view interpretation of the beam profiles It is a visualization tool The 2D display algorithm assumes the only reasonable reconstruction of the information contained in two orthogonal scans I e that The measured X profile is the same for all values of Y The measured Y profile is the same for all values of X A Gaussian beam will appear like a true Gaussian An elliptical beam with orthogonal Gaussian profiles will appear like an elliptical beam A beam with a tail on one profile will appear to have a tail in that direction A beam with extended tails on both profiles will appear like a four point star BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 3 7 3 1 Quick Start Tutorial A square beam will appear square Acircular Top Hat beam will appear close to square A beam with complex structure in one or both directions will show the same structure in the 2D image Right click on the 2D area to open the box shown right This allows you to change the palette selection and to zoom the 2D profile area If a rectangular selection region yellow box for the 3D display has Monochrome palette been selected then the 2D zoom also zooms the 3D area High color palette 3z color palette 10 color palette Zoom 1 wv nom 2 zoom 4 Zoom 3 8 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Quick Start Tutorial
13. clipboard allowing import into reports generated in other software Saving Images as jpg or gif files To save images as jpg JPEG or gif Graphics Interchange Format files the simplest way 15 to use the Screen to clipboard 2D to clipboard 3D to clipboard or Graph to clipboard features in the DataRay software and then paste them Ctrl V into Microsoft Paint found under Start Programs Accessories Paint Within Paint use the Save As then Save as type features to save as JPEG or GIF formats For some reason not all versions of Paint support this sorry Print Ctrl P Print Preview and Print Setup are self explanatory The software will print the current screen the date amp a BeamMap screen plot title Print with Notes allows the addition of notes to the printout The next block shows the six most recent files that have been saved and or opened Exit does precisely that 3 3 2 Device Select the hardware that you are working with If you have multiple Device Hard heads connected to multiple cards Select different head tees v BeamScope amb Select different BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 3 17 Quick Start Tutorial 3 3 3 Hardware In a future release these functions will be found under Device and Options respectively Program head eeprom BeamMap Beam R eeprom data There are default
14. 0 01 0 001 0 0001 With ND2 filter 10 100 1000 10000 Beam diameter in um Approx InGaAs BeamMap Beam R Limits 1300 nm Max limit is 10 low er 1550 nm 50 higher 830 nm With ND1 5 filter ge si 1 10 100 1000 10000 Beam diameter in um BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Introduction Approx Silicon ColliMate Limits 633 nm 50 lower lt 350 nm amp 1064 1000 With filter gt 1 8 100 10 E 1 0 1 6 2 001 0 001 0 0001 10 100 1000 10000 Beam diameter in ym Approx InGaAs ColliMate Limits 1300 nm 10 1 wer 1550 nm 5090 830 nm 1000 g With ND1 5 filter 100 10 E 1 0 1 6 2 001 E 0 001 0 0001 100 1000 10000 Beam diameter um BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 1 21 Introduction 1 9 3 Beam Waist Diameters A standard formula for the minimum beamwaist for a focused laser beam with M 1 is 2w 1 3xf ftxrX 8 7 um 670 nm f
15. 10 For a beam of minimum possible divergence but higher this would become 2w L3 x fix Ax From this you may estimate the lowest possible beam waist diameter for your beam You may measure beam diameters up to the beam measurement limits in 1 8 1 above 1 9 4 Slit Dimension and Beam Waist For Slit mode measurements the de facto industry standard is that the 13 5 Clip Level beam diameter should be at least a factor of three greater than the slit width and preferably a factor of five To strictly meet the ISO 11146 Standard requires a factor of twenty Paragraph A 3 3 of the Standard In addition the slit length should be twice the beam diameter per the ISO Standard In Knife edge mode the beam diameter should be at least a factor of three ess than the slit width In this mode the effective slit width is the sample spacing of 0 087 um When the slit width approaches the beam diameter software correction should be made for the slit width DataRay automatically compensates the diameter readings for slit diameter If this is not done the error is nearly 5 for Gaussian beams when the slit width to beam diameter s 2w is 25 of the 1 beam diameter A simple correction difference of squares for slit width reduces this error to 1 35 DataRay s algorithm reduces the error to lt 0 1 and to 1 at s 2w ratios as high as 0 70 This compensation has been modeled as the movement of a slit across two dimensio
16. 3 Save As 3 16 Scale 3 5 Screen Dump to Clipboard 3 16 Second Moment Beam Width 3 10 A 6 A 10 Setup 3 23 Short Cut Keys 3 30 Slits 1 4 A 20 Slit Mode Widths 1 22 Slit Width correction for 1 17 Software Installation 2 4 Quick Start Tutorial 3 1 Specifications 1 12 Starting Up Hardware 3 28 Software 3 2 Status Bar 3 6 Support A 13 T Technical Support A 13 TEM mode 3 24 Toolbar 3 5 Top hat fit 3 15 Theta XZ 3 19 True2D slits 1 4 U V Variance Second Moment 3 10 A 6 A 10 View 3 19 W Wavelength Set 3 24 Working Principle BeamMap 1 6 Beam R 1 10 ColliMate 1 9 Zero Centroid 3 6 Zoom Image 3 8 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Appendices Profile 3 5 3 14 Numeric 2D Image 3 7 To clipboard 3 17 3D Inclusion Region 3 9 To clipboard 3 17 View 3 9 46 Second Moment Beam Diameter 3 10 A 6 A 10 Index BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 A 21
17. 3 With the software off connect the head to the PC card using the cable provided Eye Safety Put on your laser safety goggles before you turn on the laser Use a viewer or phosphor card for beams invisible to the naked eye Mount the head in a rigid manner such that the head will intercept the laser beam in a plane perpendicular to the beam axis Note that the Head Capture region diameter is 4 7 x 6 5 mm for BeamMap amp Beam R 3 mm for InGaAs or InAs detectors If you don t aim the beam properly it will not be captured In many cases it helps to install the head or the assembly to be measured on an X Y Z stage with one micron resolution and preferably with motor drives if you are measuring small beams IMPORTANT The U V measurement axes are at 45 to the fixed mounting holes on the base of the head If you seek to measure profiles on elliptical beams ensure that you orient the head to the beam by using the rear rotation mount or the beam to head See Sections 1 5 1 and 5 1 2 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 3 31 3 6 Quick Start Tutorial d g 3 32 Start the software Press g on the keyboard or click on the Go or the Ready button to start taking data The motor will ramp up to the assigned motor speed The software incorporates an auto start routine based upon the assign motor speed If the motor does not attain this speed within a defined few seconds the software will continuously attempt to r
18. 3 9 3 2 2 CHOOSE a Deam Width PICHON 3 10 3 2 3 Ser Diameter x caes 3 12 3 2 4 3 12 3 2 9 Chance Prole IIIS 3 14 3 3 PEE DO M MENUS 3 16 3 3 1 3 16 30822 PEV C P ee eee eee 3 17 3 3 3 3 18 3 3 4 PRT CU RIA 3 19 3 3 3 PR ccr TP TOC 3 19 3 3 6 3 23 3 3 7 3 24 3 3 8 ee eo ce ee ee ee ee er 3 25 3 3 9 3 25 ROM EORR OO OTR VE 3 26 TP RT aN nT cq 3 26 Oe JIBUDIIONAJBARODULIONS oer aa 3 27 3 5 SHORTCUTS ER 3 30 3 6 HARDWARE QUICK START TUTORIAL eese eene nnne enne eset ese nnne nes 3 3 3 6 1 Precautions and Safety 3 31 3 6 2 3 31 3 6 3 Beam R Knife Edgeor Slit Mode e eb Exo dee 3 33 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 3 1 Quick Start Tutorial 3 1 SOFTWARE QUICK START TUTORIAL Do not just read this User Manual Do sit at the computer and try out the software Unless otherwise stated this software tutorial is applicable whether you are using BeamMap ColliMate or Beam R 3 1 Start the Software See Chapter 2 if the software is not yet installed Double click the icon to star
19. 543 8235 e support dataray com 1 Table of Contents INTRODUG TION 1 1 1 1 WELCOM so se cet ud ence MU MU LEE 1 1 1 2 ABOUT BEAM Sha Dodd 1 2 1 3 DEANUR VERSUS 1 5 1 4 SSEM Oa TON ees Me eeaat 1 5 1 5 MODET ORD A 1 5 1 6 EUNCTIONAESDESGEIPAIO 1 6 1 6 1 BeamMap Principle 1 6 1 6 2 BeamMap ColliMate Principle Of 1 9 1 6 3 Beam R Principle of Operation 1 10 1 7 CALIBRATION wor 1 11 1 8 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS e a 1 12 1 9 NUR 1 17 1 9 1 Beam Acquisition and Measurement Region 1 17 1 9 2 Deum Power endete 1 18 1 9 3 Deum Waist Diameters 1 22 1 9 4 Slit Dimension Beam 1 22 1 9 Beam Numerical Aperture and fH dale a tas ee Gasca ade 1 25 1 9 6 aM c 1 25 tiO NTIONS 1 28 COPYRIGHT INO TICE metus 1 28 2 1 2 1 UNPACK THE HARD Mena 2 1 Did EARIJNUNISERS MU A EM ene TS 2 1 2 3 COMPUTER MINIMUM REOUIREMBN ES
20. 8 Slit width Total Basic Formulae Range mm 2 n 4h 8 2Wp Si InGaAs Options Zp 2Wo 2Wy 2Y M A 2 515 0 25 sin 2 2 515 0 50 2 515 1 25 Download Fit_BeamMaps xls from the website to model your beam with respect to your head BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 1 5 1 3 1 4 Introduction 1 6 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION The following is a brief description of the BeamMap and Beam R working principles The actual plane spacing and slit sizes for any given head are held in the EEPROM and may be accessed from the Hardware menu 1 6 1 BeamMap Principle of Operation A disk puck carrying multiple slits rotates about an axis parallel to the z axis This satisfies the orthogonal linear scan requirements of the ISO 11146 standard The slits are precisely located in multiple planes separated in z in the focal region Slits are placed at particular angles to the local radial direction Slits at amp 45 to the radial direction scan the beam to determine beam centroid for orthogonal profiles effective slit width is V2 greater than actual slit width Face on view of rotating puck Rotating puck carrying apertures at different planes inz QO 2 2d Schematic 2W Z versus 2 beam profile Photosensitive detector connected to 0 2 processing P8 z 0 Direction of electronics Laser B
21. Center on the keyboard Pan profile In order to pan the profile in the profile area in which the cursor lies press for Pan on the keyboard and the current cursor position in the profile box will be centered in the BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 3 15 3 2 Quick Start Tutorial window E g place the cursor to the left of the profile and when you press the profile will move right Measure any distance on a profile Click and drag a line between two features in the profile in order to determine the horizontal distance between these features This is shown as Dist xx x uum on the bottom left of the table below the profile Left click in the profile area to delete the line and the measurement 3 3 PULL DOWN MENUS Device Hardware Palettes view Setup Options Average Filter Info Help The majority of the pull down menus are only applicable to live sessions but it is important to take a look at them and read the brief description to understand the versatility and intuitive nature of the software 3 3 1 Where there is a corresponding button on the File Device Hardware Palettes View Setup button bar it is illustrated below Open Open CtritO Opens the Open j Save Ctrl 5 dialog box for files Load Job Save Job Save Ctrl S Opens the Save As dialog box for files Load Defaults Save data dialog X Screen Clipboard Save curent data Pri
22. LensPlate Set centroid clip level Setup Options Average Filter Gapthure Setup You must record remember the new Password that you set DataRay cannot retrieve this for you Display Modes was handled in Section 3 2 3 Exposure control TETEL Trigger options T BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 3 23 3 3 Quick Start Tutorial Set Wavelength must be set in Input x if you wish the value to be correct You cannot change wavelength in a saved file so set it first Wavelength in meters If you forgot to set the wavelength and need to interpret some saved files remember that the M value is Cancel proportional to 1 A Enter M factor for LensPlate Enter magnification Factor M Compensates displayed values for the LensPlate magnification object to image 3 3 7 Options Show rotation angles Selects readout on screen of 3 24 rotation angle of the slits Options Average Filter Show rotation angles v TEM O 0 only TEM 0 0 only Auto name Files Normally you should keep this unchecked In this case if the software detects that the profile contains more than two crossings of the 13 5 level the fit will be the appropriate TEM fit up to rather than a simple Gaussian TEM fit If it detects View of front face of n crossings of the 13 5 level it will fit a TEM 0 Beam R BeamMap curve to the
23. Start Tutorial Head Status and Results 3 The first line is the current head status gt Xc amp Zc are the beam M and centroid In Beam R mode amp 2 are absent Note that Xc abs amp Yc abs or rel are the running average of four rotations as long as the individual readings are within 2 um of the running average If the rotation to rotation EWpticity u v change is 72 um then a new running average is immediately started Ellipticity u v is the ratio of the beamdiameters measured on the u and v axes Q Default Profile detail of which is the actual zero as set by the software after subtraction of the baseline This zero level line is set five pixels above the base of the graph area so that negative noise remains visible 2Wxa and 2Wxb Profile widths at the Clip a and Clip b levels expressed as a 96 of peak Zero level Note first that the zero level is a three pixel wide line the center 2Wxb 15 um Zoom 2X Indicates horizontal zoom on this profile Blank if 7 7 not selected e Scale xx x um div for the current Zoom setting Zplane xxx um The plane on the BeamMap puck at which the profile was taken A negative number indicates a plane closer to the input end of the head Beam R takes all measurements in the same plane therefore invariably zplane 0 um Scale 15 0 zplane 0 0 xx x and arrow indicate angle from zero
24. The data from the five planes is displayed on a graph as white circles together with a purple line which 1s the weighted least squares fit to the best hyperbolic curve The horizontal scale 1s dependent on the plane separation of the head being used The vertical scale is normalized to show the highest measured diameter at 100 The vertical scale therefore varies as each result is taken Always check that you have entered the correct wavelength or the M value will be in error Focusing The Zo Zc value is the calculated distance of the zero plane from the focus When the focus is not in the zero plane the bottom of the curve will be off center When optimizing focus position this is the value which should be observed BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 3 21 Quick Start Tutorial 50 Wavelength 656 nm Not using 4x5igma 0 99 3 4 mr 0 2 Wo 5 0 0 002 EF 294 88 Zo 3 9 Pointing x 52 4 mr BeamMap Classic Puck 5 Plane display O Power Bar Relative Power 5 37 mW The auto scaling Power bar function gives an indication of relative power as a scrolling ten sample histogram Enter relative power and label _ x Click on the bar to open the dialog box E shown Enter the power as measured by a calibrated power meter and the unit of Enter relative ower Enter label measurement The power bar will then display 0 000 rr Lancel relative t
25. lies outside the region the centroid position reading will be absent or invalid For the most accurate measurements center the beam at x y 0 0 Errors will increase towards the edges of the region An easy way to determine if measurement errors are likely is if the Peak xx x see Section 3 1 2 Default Profile detail has decreased by more than 5 from it s value on axis at 0 0 For accurate measurement of beams at the 13 5 clip level 1 e the beam diameter should lt 50 of the beam measurement region dimension For true 4o Variance measurement to the ISO 11146 standard the beam diameter at the 13 596 clip level should be a maximum of half the measurement regions shown The ISO standard also requires that five sample averaging should be performed The 46 measurement integral is truncated by the software at 99 of the energy in the beam This approach 1 less sensitive to amplitude noise than the alternative approach of truncating the integral at a certain low clip level See Section 3 2 2 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 1 17 1 8 Introduction 1 9 2 Beam Power Limits Measure your beam with a calibrated power meter before letting power fall on the head Note that the current version of these products will not operate with pulsed beams It will work with pseudo CW beams with very high pulse rates gt 100 kHz If you need a higher saturation power but not damage limit version ask for a ND2 versi
26. of z See Section 3 It is important to understand that at any given wavelength a given value of does not define a single curve From equation 3 it is apparent that a single value of M defines a family of curves with a constant O 2W product To better illustrate this point Figure 2 shows the curves for five different 1064 nm beams with the same value of 3 but with waist widths 2W of 5 10 15 20 amp 25 um and therefore different values of O Figure 2 Curves with Constant M but with Differing Waist Widths amp Divergence 2W z microns 100 75 50 25 0 25 50 75 100 Z microns To reiterate this point Curves with identical divergence or with identical beamwaist 2Wo do not necessarily have identical values Curves with identical do not necessarily have identical divergence or identical beamwaist diameter Figure 2 emphasizes the necessity of measuring both i e 2W z versus z and 2Wy in order to determine If either side of the beam waist region 1s inaccessible for example within or at the end of the laser housing or within a closed optical chain then an ancillary optic must be used to form a waist region See Sections 3 3 and 3 4 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 A 5 App B2 Appendices 2 1 Asymmetric amp Astigmatic Beams So far this note has assumed circularly symmetric beams the shapes are identical in X and Y Real beams are frequently asymmetric and astigmat
27. point in that optical system The optical system must neither aberrate nor truncate the beam Whichever reasons apply if you are to ensure that your measurements are valid it is useful even necessary to understand what you are measuring and the limitations of the technique This Note attempts to comprehensively yet concisely address The concept of M WM formulae and how it is measured Q Useful Rules of Thumb and Sanity Checks 2 M Definition amp Formulations is a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the degree of imperfection of a real world laser beam The lower the value of M7 i e the closer the beam is to diffraction limited perfection the more tightly the beam can be focused to a small spot No laser beams are perfect Due to limitations of the optical cavity the lasing medium and or the output ancillary optics most beams are not the perfect diffraction limited Gaussian profile mode described in textbooks Complex beams can contain multiple TEM mode contributions leading to high values of M Even a good laboratory HeNe laser has an M of around 1 1 to 1 2 rather than the 1 0 of a perfect beam At its simplest M may defined as The ratio of the divergence of the actual beam to that of a theoretical diffraction limited beam with the same waist diameter BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 A 3 App Bl B2 Appendices
28. position If profile zoom is selected then the stabilization range is a higher percentage of the displayed width 10 for the x2 range 20 for the x4 range etc Problem 4 Beam Collimation Divergence Pointing If you have ever used a single plane profiler to measure and adjust a collimated beam then you know the time consuming procedure Measure once move the profiler along the z axis measure in the second plane calculate beam divergence readjust start again Who has time for all this 1 4 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Introduction Solution BeamMap ColliMate heads BeamMapC in the software use widely spaced planes to extend multi plane BeamMap profiler technology to beam divergence and pointing measurement achieving an accuracy of better than 1 mrad They dramatically simplify the measurement of collimation and alignment amp the adjustment of multiple assemblies to the same axes 1 3 Beam R versus BeamMap The Beam R head measures in a single plane and is an economical derivative designed for the measurement of beams that are not highly divergent or convergent Beam R uses two pairs of x y slits one pair with 2 5 um slit width and one pair with 25 um slit width 5 amp 50 um for InGaAs There is one slit every 90 on the puck Each pair of slits is at 45 to the puck radius to give effective slit widths of 3 5 and 35 um respectively 7 amp 70 um for InGaAs heads 1 4 SYSTEM CONFIGURAT
29. slits seen by the beam Will change to 1 2 3 4 in Q4 2000 4 plane ColliMate heads The 1 2 3 and 4 buttons will select the first second third and fourth pairs of u v slits seen by the beam For Beam R these buttons are X Y and B Both BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 3 27 Quick Start Tutorial The button starts capture of profiles by head or press F1 on keyboard The F button initiates the profile search process or press F4 on the keyboard The button stops the capture of profiles by the head or press F2 on the keyboard TE dm zi Select Beam Set Dialog The matrix like button opens the Select Beam Set Dialog which allows you to select a beam from the stored data Move the cursor over the array and click the beam that you wish to view Beam 3 of 25 The left right arrows allow you to scroll through the beams without first opening the dialog The caption line at the top tells you which beam you are looking at Page Up Page Down has the same effect 5 These buttons allow you to toggle between live mode and saved data This button restarts the averaging 3 28 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Quick Start Tutorial Gain lock and change This set of buttons allows you to lock the gain and then change it as desired This 15 useful if you want to View unnormalized profiles and then watch the profile vary as you adjust the laser or th
30. values Slit radius mm Gain Method Potentiometer Cw CEW Creation Date eamb ap 3518 E20 526 2000 12 23 56 Beam 14 000 m e IM OUT SIZE Clear All Read from Save file Save to eeprom Cancel NEVER ATTEMPT TO PROGRAM THE EEPROM without first speaking to DataRay This calibration file is an accessible diagnostic that you can read out to DataRay if things go wrong Before you do anything with it click on Save as file to save the original as a text file If you screw it up you cannot reset to any defaults In extremis DataRay can send you the Serial txt file for your head and you can reload it Q Jitter Suppression This function allows you to view profiles jitter free during active capture by keeping the centroid of the profile at a constant position on the display when the jitter is less than 10 of the plot width on the default x2 zoom scale 5 on the 1 scale 20 on the x4 scale This is particularly useful for looking at narrow profiles Jitter suppression does not change the x y centroid readout which remains correct You may toggle between enabled amp disabled Jitter suppression O Shut off motor on close Does precisely that if you choose this option 3 18 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Quick Start Tutorial 3 3 4 Palettes Select the palette that you require _ High color palette is 128 col E Seu M l coior palette 15 color
31. 1 06B Recall 1 05E BeamMap C DATARAY SAMPLE BMF Profile 1 of 5 Filter 0 2 File Device Hardware Palettes View Setup Options Average Filter Info Help 2 1 3 5 st e 2191 a e Sal 34 Clip b 13 5 Ellipticity u v Zero 7 8 2Wub 14 2Wubs d44um 2Wes 2Wvb 17 Tum T EE Scale 10 0 pie 10 0 lane 0 Sese 15 8 __ 15 0 gae am plane z 0 m Scale 10 0 zp lane 0 9 40 6 8 41 2 ee 68 9 IX per 92 8 96 o 4 dB 1 4 dB 8 dB Left Clip levels SpaceBar Left measures Right menu KEYS D ut C enter R eset l up dn 2 up dn NUM When you simply capture open an image it does not change the current settings of the various display and measurement options It is possible to do this by saving an acquired image with specific display settings as a job file and then opening this file which contains display and analysis settings See Sec 3 3 1 To see other device screens under Device select BeamMapC or Beam R Open bef or file Have a look and then return to via Device to BeamMap and the bmf file BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 3 3 Quick Start Tutorial Note the Main screen areas for the default settings starting at top left Q The Caption bar displays i DataRay ve
32. 2 6 LABVIEW LABWINDOWS VISUAL BASIC DLL S See Dils Application Note Rev YYMMX downloadable from the website Contact DataRay Technical Support for additional information 2 7 PC CARD INSTALLATION The PC card has been designed to be easy to use and easy to install There are no switches or jumpers to set Follow the simple steps below If using the Magma notebook PC interface first 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 read the MagmaCB1H pdf application note at the website It is recommended that you work at a static safe workstation and wear a wrist strap grounded to the computer casework Shut down all programs turn off the power to your computer amp disconnect all power cords Remove the PC cover Select an expansion slot for the PCI card It is good practice to allow the card a maximum amount of breathing room for heat dissipation Remove the rear slot cover bracket if present Save the screw for future use 4 Ifyou are not working at a static safe work station and wearing a wrist strap grounded to the computer then before removing the card from the bag contact the pink or metallic looking static safe bubble wrap bag to the computer metalwork Then immediately place the card in the computer Carefully hold the card by its top edges and guide it into its expansion slot Ensure that the card sits firmly in the slot Secure the card in place by with the screw and replace the computer cover
33. 3 52 Rotation Clamp lt _ 1 8 mm to first plane of puck Optical Axis A 9 5 mm diameter 1 8 mm deep recess 26 0 mm 1 02 ome 4 5 114 0 050 0 0 5 1 0 2 8 3 3 3 73 8 4 3 1 25 mm Dimensions in inches Specified accuracy 0 01 0 25 mm 1 25 4 Holes A Tapped 74 20 x 0 30 deep on a pedestal 0 75 diameter 0 020 high Holes B Tapped 4 20 x 0 30 deep Holes C 0 128 diameter x 0 30 inches deep dowel pin location hole Overall ColliMate CM3 Head Dimensions 114 0 x 89 5 x 50 8 mm 4 5 x 3 52 x 2 00 Overall ColliMate CM4 Head Dimensions 119 0 x 89 5 x 50 8 mm 4 7 x 3 52 x 2 00 0 825 0 500 0 250 0 000 0 250 0 500 0 825 1 16 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Introduction 1 9 BEAM LIMITS 1 9 1 Regions are shown actual size Important For infrared detectors note the smaller sizes given in italics Items 1 8 1 through 1 8 3 also apply to Beam R Items 1 8 4 and 1 8 5 do not Beam Acquisition and Measurement Region 6 5 x x 4 7 y mm for Silicon for accurate measurement 6 5 x x 6 5 y mm for Silicon for less accurate measurement 4 0 mm diameter for InGaAs detectors shown in red or darker gray 3 0 mm diameter for InAs detectors shown in white For accurate profile measurement the beam to be measured must lie totally within the Acquisition amp Measurement region If the beam
34. And this product is only conserved in an optical system which does not truncate the beam The Gaussian equivalent beam diameter is only appropriate for a laser beam Five separate measurements of diameter must be averaged Any slit pinhole or knife edge scanner must scan the beam in a plane at right angles to the z axis Rotating drum scanners with slits or knife edges in tangential planes around the circumference scan in a circular trajectory rather than a plane Not an issue for CCD camera based systems A 6 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Appendices 3 Measurement Rules of Thumb and Sanity Checks is not a quantity that can be measured to the last fraction of a percent An value accuracy of 10 is often acceptable 5 is good and better than 5 is exceptional What accuracies need to be achieved in the raw measurements in order to measure accurately 3 1 Accurately Measuring the Waist From equation 4 and figure 1 it is apparent that in order to measure 2W accurately a measurement must be made within a certain fractional distance Z zg of the waist For the fractional error in 2W to be less than g the measurement must be made within a normalized distance from the waist given by Ref 2 ic E g For lt 0 01 1 z zg 0 14 14 Therefore any measurement within 1 7 of a Rayleigh range of z 0 beamwaist position can in principle measure 2W to wit
35. Beam Profilers Beam Profilers Beam Profilers Beam Profilers Beam Profilers Beam Profilers Beam Profilers Beam Profilers Beam Profilers Beam Profilers BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Slit scan Beam Profilers User Manual Very IMPORTANT This information is here so that you cannot miss it BeamScope P7 In conjunction with a specific supplement this manual covers the initial release of BeamScope P7 instruments A full combined manual will be released in the future Q Do not hot plug or unplug the head while the software is on You may damage the unit If you do this turn off your PC disconnect the power cord count up to ten reconnect the head and reconnect the power cord to the PC Restart your PC Q Do not accidentally plug the monitor cable into the DataRay PCI card or the head You will damage the PCI card Q Since January 2001 many BeamMaps have been 4XY and units rather than the Classic five plane configuration These will appear as BeamMap Collimates when the software reads the EEPROM since wide plane spacing BeamMap ColliMate heads were the first to use this slit arrangement 4XY heads have no knife edge mode To avoid slit damage observe the maximum irradiance limits section 1 8 2 A cool head may take five to ten minutes to get going The software keeps repeating the start sequence until it detects normal operation See section 3 6 2 d If the software is behaving stran
36. ColliMate BeamScope P7 1 25 Introduction BeamWaist Maximum Values 100 spacing puck 250 50 200 e N z 150 25 a 4 10 5 100 5 50 2 1 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 nm BeamWaist Maximum Values 250 um spacing puck 50 M 250 25 200 e N 10 Qo 150 2 5 100 E 2 50 1 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 nm 1 26 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 BeamWaist Maximum Values 500 spacing puck 50 Introduction 1 8 400 2 350 25 300 N 250 10 Q 200 d Y G 5 150 E 6 100 2 1 50 0 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 nm BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 1 27 Introduction 1 10 MANUAL CONVENTIONS click always means left click the mouse button Q double click always means double click with the left button click and drag means left click on the object indicated hold down the button drag the object across the screen to the desired position and then release the button If a right click 1 required this is clearly indicated as right click select or check means left click with the mouse button
37. ION The BeamMap Beam R profiling systems consists of the interchangeable scan head a PCI card ISA prior to October 2000 a 3 meter long cable and the latest version of the software The system is shipped ready to install on any 500 MHz or higher Pentium PC a Pentium or higher is preferred with an available PCI card slot 1 5 MODEL YOUR BEAM BeamMap 4 Plane System Choice Focused Beams M squared fit Red points are measurement points 2w z um Green line is beamwaist curve 70 Instructions 1 Enter known or estimated values in cells E5 to E7 If the BeamWaist 2 M value is not known but the divergence is known adjust the 2Wo or value until is correct 2 The recommended part number is BMS4XY50 Add 75 to the part number for 190 to 1150 nm range Add IGA to the part number for 800 to 1750 nm range 2 The recommended part number is User entered values 1 0 830 M squared Wavelength BeamVVaist 2W pin 0 40 0 20 0 00 0 20 O40 060 0 80 1 00 1 20 Position in z plane in mm Rayleigh Range zp 273 Far field full angle divergence 62 2 mrad 1 e 13 5 clip level 3 6 degrees Far field 0 031 Recommended front to back puck Range 1 25 mm Relative power through slit Dynamic range of head is 34 dB Position in z mm 2W z Slit width um Linear dB 0 250 23 0 5 0 74 13 0 000 17 0 5 1 00 0 0 0 250 23 0 5 0 74 13 1 000 64 4 5 0 26 5
38. Jitter Average may increase the effective diameter BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 3 11 3 1 Quick Start Tutorial 3 2 3 Set Diameter Display Mode Under Setup choose Display Setup Options Average Filter Info Help modes Set Password 2 1 1 microns NNN M um is a ee v microns urn common choice Set Wavelength 1 micrans iP 2 microns um 3 milli cmekers mm 4 milli cmebers MMMM mm S milli meters mm inot recommended If you decide to choose 2 microns NN MM um then heed the not recommended warning The second decimal place is 10 of the smallest sample spacing and is essentially meaningless but a customer wanted the option so 3 2 4 Set Pass Fail Left click on any result area of the screen to open x a Pass Fail parameters dialog box You may ati set an Upper Limit and a Lower Limit for the i Parameter particular parameter entrare r Upper Limit 00000 Lower Limit fo Enabletest Lock w password Cancel Check the Enable Test box to enable the test When the test is enabled the numbers will be displayed on screen in the chosen Pass Fail colors The default colors are Green for Pass and Red for Fail Right click on a result to change these colors See 3 2 5 below 3 12 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Quick Start Tu
39. Normaliz ed intensity of a perfect Gaussian never actually falls to Gaussian Intensity Profile zero at large distances from the center This arises from the nature of the circularly symmetric Gaussian intensity profile 0 8 tlw i TW 11 0 4 Where ris the radius w is the radius at the point at which the 1 e 0 135 intensity has fallen to 13 5 1 e of the peak value 2 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 2 0 P is the total power in the beam r w Replace r by x y and consider the profile at constant x and varying y It is apparent that the shape of the profile is Gaussian wherever a cut is taken across the profile It is this principle which allows slits and knife edges to be employed in the measurement of beams which are close to Gaussian 4 2 Beam Irradiance In order to assess whether the irradiance W mm from a given laser might overload a beam profiler it is useful to be able to calculate the peak irradiance From equation 11 the on axis irradiance at r 0 1 given by I 0 2P nw 2 6P 2w W mm for diameter 2w in mm For example e peak irradiance from a mm diameter 10 mW HeNe is 26 e peak irradiance from a 5 mm diameter 5 W NdYag 15 520mW mm A 10 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Appendices 4 3 Second Moment Beam Diameter Conventionally beam diameters have been measured at the 1 e intensity point i e at 13 5 of the maximum intensity For the reason outli
40. about z axis at which the data was taken With the head viewed face on positive angles are measured clockwise from 12 o clock negative angles anti clockwise The rear mount contains an angle transducer f you mount the head off the rear mount and rotated it about the 7 axis then the indicated angle changes To view a less cluttered screen under Options you may deselect Show Rotation Angles Peak xx x Indicates the peak value of the unnormalized profile as a percentage the display height which is also the percentage of the 12 bit 4096 levels ADC range G xx dB The amplifier gain on this channel The gain changes from 0 to 34 dB in steps of 2 dB A factor of 10 dB corresponds to a change of x10 in the peak intensity BeamMap ColliMate BeamScope P7 3 3 1 Quick Start Tutorial Q Status Bar Help Hints VERY USEFUL but much ignored Almost every area of the screen is a Button which you may left click or right click to cause something to happen Watch the Help Hints change on the Status Bar at the bottom of the screen as you move the cursor across the screen Instructions for using the current function appear here E g for the profile area Lett Clip levels SpaceBartLett measures Aight menu KEYS D ur Center H eset 2 If at any time you are not sure how to do something move to the relevant area of the screen look at the Help Hints bar and
41. ap See www dataray com website for the current BMLensPlateDS pdf data sheet It employs diffraction limited Geltech aspheric lenses coated for the wavelengths of interest These lens are designed for use with the small beams typical of fiber optics The magnification M of the actual unit is determined during calibration and marked on the unit The software can be set to correct for M 1 14 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Introduction DB HD 15 connector 89 5 mm 17 3 52 Rotation Clamp lt 1 8 mm to face of puck 2 3 mm to Beam R measurement plane 4 2 1 mm to BeamMap zero plane 100 um plane spacing 2 3 mm to BeamMap zero plane 250 um plane spacing Optical Axis 9 5 mm diameter 1 8 mm deep recess 26 0 mm 1 027 M 94 mm 3 725 0 825 0 500 0 250 0 000 0 250 0 500 0 825 0 050 0 0 5 1 0 2 0 2 5 2 925 3 1 3 5 1 25 MM BeamMap Beam R Mounting Detail Dimensions in inches Specified accuracy 0 003 0 1 mm 1 25 4 mm Holes A Tapped 20 x 0 30 deep on a pedestal 0 75 diameter 0 020 high Holes Tapped 4 20 x 0 30 deep Holes C 0 128 diameter x 0 30 inches deep dowel pin location hole Overall Head Dimensions 94 0 x 89 5 x50 8 mm 3 725 x 3 52 x 2 007 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 1 15 Introduction DB HD 15 connector 89 5 mm
42. arks of DataRay Inc All rights reserved Windows 95 98 Me NT 2000 amp XP are trademarks of MicroSoft Corporation Pentium is a trademark of Intel Corporation LabVIEW and LabWindows are trademarks of National Instruments 1 28 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Installation CHAPTER TWO 2 INSTALLATION 2 1 UNPACKSTHE ELAR DW ARE 2 1 2 1 2 2 PARTNUMBERS5 3 AEEA A OE AEE AMI M 2 1 2 9 COMPUTER MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS cccccscccsccssccscccsccessesscesscescesscesccessesccesseessensees 2 2 2 2 2 4 E i eae 2 3 23 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS 2 4 2 6 LABVIEW LABWINDOWS VISUAL BASIC DLL S eene 2 5 2 7 ARI INSTAT 2 5 2 8 IMIOUINGING THE a a 2 7 2 8 1 CONIC CHINO TIC Td COG ars 2 7 2 1 UNPACK THE HARDWARE Please check your purchase Locate and identify all items If any items appear damaged or missing or you have any other questions please contact us Do not unpack the PC card until you are ready to install it in the computer 2 2 PART NUMBERS Part Numbers Description BeamMap BMS4XY250 Si Complete system PC BM plus BMH250 Si BMS4XY250 IGA Complete system PC BM plus BMH250 InGaAs BMS4XY250 IA Complete system PC BM plus BMH250 InAs PC BM PC BM ISA card for PC Software Cable User Manual BMH4XY250 Si Silicon detector head 2 5 um slits 250 micron plane sepa
43. ated in response to OEM requests for production line instruments to measure focal position We welcome requests for custom hardware configurations 1 2 ABOUT BEAMMAP AND BEAM R BeamMap represents a radical new approach to real time beam profiling It couples a novel patented multi plane real time slit scanning system to improved slit technology and to the dramatic increases in processing power represented by continuously evolving PC technology A 500 MHz Pentium III is required to fully real time process the 5 Mega Samples per second resulting from eight apertures with 0 09 um sample resolution and a 5 Hz update rate Initially designed as a custom product for an OEM customer s production line it is now available as a standard product If you have every used a single plane beam profiler to measure a tightly focused beam you will appreciate the problems that DataRay set out to solve Problem 1 Measuring tightly focused beams A focused aligned in spec beam should have the classic hyperbolic W z diameter versus z profile shown right Prior to alignment and focusing the beam May not be focused at z 0 May be misaligned in position and angle O May meet neither the beamwaist diameter nor the irradiance specifications May have M Beam Quality greater than specification An instrument with a single plane of measurement gives just one plane of information With only a single plane of measurement finding the foc
44. beam are a fit to a hyperbola See below for a correct calculation of the far field divergence At the time of writing the divergence function addresses measurement of TEM laser beams diverging from a point source It does not currently offer cos0 compensation for Lambertian sources This may be added in later versions 3 20 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Quick Start Tutorial Msquared The software calculates and tabulates the values of M 2W zo ze NA and f for beams in the near field within two Rayleigh ranges of the beamwaist The hyperbolic curve fit uses the unweighted 2W values 3 3 0 2 Wavelength 1310 Mot using 4xSigma 1 c u 1 5 v B 2415 8 222 1 mr 1 9 7 3 um 0 123 0 111 f 1 1 12 3 nm 21 9 71 1 um Pointinqrz 25 2 mr Pointingr Y 13 3 mr 4XY and ColliMate display To be in keeping with the ISO 11146 definition of M it is the 40 diameters should used to calculate M and 2Wo If 46 beam diameter definition is not chosen then a warning Not using 4xSigma will appear on the graph is the Full Angle divergence NA is Numerical Aperture NA sin 2 1 2 f The calculated Zo Zr is displayed in a bar which changes color from green to orange to red For accurate M estimates the bar should be green indicating Zo Zr 0 20 The tabulated M and 2Wo values are used to calculate the displayed curve
45. ce capture and manipulation is processor intensive conflicts may or may not occur with networked computers the normal solution is not to log on to the network when using the Beam Profiler Although these products do not use Interrupts sometimes problems arise due to Interrupt IRQ or conflicts The problem may be solved by moving the board to a different slot all card slots are not created equal by all manufacturers or by looking at IRQ status by following the trail Desktop My computer right click and select Properties Device Manager Properties View Resources and look at Interrupt request IRQ or Input output I O Rarely but never yet in our experience you may need to enter the BIOS and attempt to allocate the IRQ s Due to the individual PC configuration issues involved and the non standard implementations of the Standards that do exist DataRay can give no guarantees in solving such problems Contact technical support 2 2 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Installation 2 4 INSTALLATION Most installation problems are caused by not carefully following the instructions Hardware installation is never as simple as software only installation If you want to save time read and follow the instructions Install the software before the PC card The software can be used to view data whether or not the PC card is installed For BeamScope P7 see the supplement accompanying the shipment Then follow th
46. d before you connect it As with any software driven hardware you must close the software before connecting the hardware 2 Since the sensitive area 1s only a few mm in diameter ensure that either the head or the source assembly can be adjust in x y and preferably z 3 If you are using a ColliMate head allow for some and 06 adjustment 4 Mount the head off the 4 20 thread holes in the base Dowel locations are also available If you wish to rotate the head about the z axis to align with the beam axes of an elliptical beam then mount it off the rotating boss at the rear of the head 2 8 1 Connecting the Head l As with any software driven hardware you must close the software before connecting the hardware If you hot plug or unplug the head and damage it then serious damage may not be covered by the three year warranty More importantly you will waste a week sending the head out for repair and getting it back 2 Connect the 3m 10 ft 15 pin D connector cable between the head and the PC card The safest way to do this is to line up the top short edge of the D connector and fold it down from above Do tighten the screw connectors at least finger tight 3 Start the PC if it not already started In order to achieve high precision from a stepper motor damping is employed If the unit has not been used for some time or if the head is cold the puck may not start for some minutes 4 Start the software T
47. d clip levels of 1 2 13 5 FWHM Full Width Half Maximum 50 or 86 5 can be selected from the menu Any user set percentage can be entered in the Clip level input box Baseline Zero The software automatically Clip level entry X Width calculation methods Sigma X 4 variance method Enable knife edge mode Quick select 13 53 1 22 C 50 FHM 96 5 determines the peak level and the outer crossings of the raw 13 5 width It then scans a width approximately four times greater than this raw 13 5 width The actual baseline is then calculated as the average of the values at either end of the scan 5 of the scan length at each end This baseline is then subtracted to create the zero level displayed Clip level input 13 535 Cancel If ISO 11146 compliant Sigma X4 variance method Second Moment is selected the clip level is ignored With a beam profile that is a pure Gaussian the Variance definition is exactly the same as selecting a 13 5 Clip Level but if your beam is non Gaussian and most beams are the Variance method is more consistent An exception to this general rule is that the presence of a significant background level or background noise will skew the Variance reading to larger values In accordance with Section 6 2 of the ISO 11146 Standard the software calculates the Second Moment by integrating over 99 of the total energy in the profile In order to allow
48. duction 1 8 PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS Parameter Collimate heads as standard BeamMap heads unless otherwise noted Items in Italics do not apply to Beam R Wavelengths All heads are CW only Dimensions of capture region x y Dimensions of sampled region x y Waist diameters 2W Numerical Aperture f f Waist diameter resolution Waist diameter resolution Waist diameter measurements x amp x y Waist centroid position Can be worse for noisy beams error Position stability with respect to a mechanical reference x value after one hour warm up Uniformity across measurement region Z axis waist distance from given datum Beam divergence Beam pointing Beam See graphs at website Maximum Beam Power lrradiance or add external sampling attenuation Displayed Profiles Display graphics Specifications Specifications are subject to change without notice 190 to 1150 nm Silicon detector 800 to 1750 nm InGaAs detector 1 to 4 um InAs detector 4 7 x 6 5 mm for Silicon heads 4 0 mm diameter for InGaAs heads 3 0 mm diameter for InAs heads 6 5 x 6 5 mm for Silicon heads 4 0 mm diameter for InGaAs heads 3 mm for ColliMates 3 0 mm diameter for InAs heads 0 5 to 1500 um At all plane spacings NA max 20 9 f min 0 55 for 50 um plane spacing Resolution 0 2 of beam diameter Accuracy lt 0 5um lt 2 of diameter 0 1 um best resolution Second moment 4c dia
49. e determined 3 plane heads also achieve high X Y profile resolution from the additional 5 um XY slit pair in the final plane 3 measurement planes 10 mm spacing 4 measurement planes at 0 5 10 amp 25 mm Far Field Mode In far field mode it calculates simple beam divergence and pointing as a least squares linear fit to the measured beam diameters and centroid positions ae ee ese Detector Near Field Mode In near field mode close to the beamwaist it calculates beamwaist position amp diameter far field divergence and as a hyperbolic fit in the beamwaist region Accuracy is improved by placing a measurement plane close to the beam waist BeamMap Collimation Puck Schematic BST OSS Position P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 Orientation 45 459 445 45 45 45 45 45 3 plane BMSCM3 BeamMap ColliMate head 50 um slits for IGA heads Slit Width um 25 25 25 25 25 2 5 25 2 5 Z plane mm 0 5 0 5 10 25 10 25 4 plane BMSCM4 BeamMap ColliMate head 50 um slits for IGA heads Slit Width um 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 Z plane mm 0 10 0 10 20 20 20 20 IMU BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 1 9 1 5 Introduction 1 6 3 Beam R Principle of Operation A rotating disk or puck carries four slits one 2 5 pair and one 25 um pair 5 amp 50 um pairs with InGaAs heads The slits are precisely located in a single plane Slits at 45 and 45 to the radia
50. e P7 Quick Start Tutorial 3 6 HARDWARE QUICK START TUTORIAL 3 6 1 Precautions and Safety Warnings Do not skip this If you do not take these precautions you may damage the equipment or your eyes Q When installing hardware internally always remove power from the computer Failure to do so can damage you the computer and or the system Be aware of electrical hazards When installing PC cards check to make sure that the boards are properly seated in their sockets Keep the operational environment clean and dry Use only low pressure clean dry air for cleaning Always measure the beam power and try to estimate the beam diameter before analyzing a laser beam for the first time Ensure that it meets the maximum irradiance and maximum power limits in the specifications Be aware of the laser beam path and its reflections Always use beam blocks and Wear Proper Eye Protection for the wavelength being analyzed Always close the program properly Never turn off the computer while the program is active Failure to shut down first can result in the accumulation of fragmented files Since image capture and manipulation is processor intensive conflicts may occur with networked computers DataRay can give no assistance in solving such problems the normal solution is not to log on to the network when using the program 3 6 2 Starting Up a b c If you have not already done so install the PC Card and software Sections 2 2 and 2
51. e laser assembly Q View structure low down on the wings of the profile by deliberately setting the center of the beam in saturation O From left to right the buttons enable you to 3 4 Lock the gain at the current settings Increase the gain by 2 dB Set the gain to Maximum Reset the gain to the original gains Decrease the gain by 2 dB Unlock the gain 85 Range lock This pair of buttons allows you to Lock and Unlock the profile scale range in uum div When locked both the range and the lateral position of the range is locked This is useful if you want to watch the profile width vary as you adjust the laser or the laser assembly but do not want the width auto ranging function to change the display Log Data See section 3 3 12 els Print amp Print with Notes This pair of buttons allows you to print just the screen or the screen with additional notes In either case the header includes the software version number and the day and date of printing The file name will be added to this default header in the near future BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 3 29 Quick Start Tutorial 3 5 SHORT CUTS Keyboard Shortcut keys are tabulated below Some require hardware to be present F1 F2 F4 F5 to F12 C o 9 Ctrl D Ctrl L Ctrl O Ctrl P Ctrl S Ctrl V 3 30 Starts active profile acquisition Stops active image acquisition Searches for the prof
52. eam Propagation 2d do d 2a Planes in z Reference z 0 plane BeamMap Classic puck configuration 1 6 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Introduction BeamMap Classic Puck Slit Scan Sequence Schematic amp Detail mg Position P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 Slit Width 2 5 10 5 2 5 5 10 Orientation 45 Z plane 0 2d d 0 d 2d Displayed Profiles 5 Profile display 1 2 3 4 5 3 Profile display 1 2 1 Profile display 1 P7 P8 2 9 25 45 0 0 3 3 1 When Enable knife edge mode is selected this slit replaces the 2 0 2 5 um slit For alignment with the beam axes the puck 15 inside a rotatable head with on screen electronic angle readout On the first scan the software detects the 13 5 outer limits of the profile and then sets an overscan of the profile width by a factor of approximately four times the profile width The scanned width is digitized as 2048 equally spaced samples The intensity is digitized by a 12 bit 4096 level ADC Analog to Digital Converter The software determines the zero level in the digitized profile and then processes it to give the data required for display and data logging It feeds back intensity information to the AGC Automatic Gain Control which adjusts the gain 2 dB steps from 0 to 34 dB The user configures screen functions to implement the measurements a
53. eam axes the puck is inside a rotatable head ty void if label removed Warran 1 7 CALIBRATION Calibration of the actual slit positions and angles on the individual pucks is essential to correct operation For this reason pucks are not interchangeable in the field Heads are interchangeable because head calibration data is held by the EEPROM in the head and read when the software is started Calibration does not assume that the slits are perfectly positioned on the puck nor does it consider the puck to be square on the motor shaft Instead the individual slits are assumed to lie in skew planes The planes of each individual slit are accurately measured See Appendix D for more detailed information on the calibration Q Calibration does assume that the master clock on the card is accurate to its specification I e better than 0 1 over time and over the specified operating temperature range of 15 to 60 C Equivalent to better than 1 minute per Calibration does not assume that beam 15 always at its nominal radius As the beam moves away from the instrument center measurement of the centroid position with the 45 slits allows determination of the actual centroid position Xc Yc This value is used to correct the actual radial distance R of the beam centroid from the rotation axis and hence the calibration of the measured beam diameters BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 1 11 1 5 1 6 Intro
54. eraging 3 32 Beam 3 6 Clip Level 3 5 3 10 Stability 3 18 Clear 3 27 Clipboard Screen to 3 17 Profile to 3 17 2D to 3 17 3D to 3 17 Clip Level 3 5 3 10 ColliMate 1 9 3 3 3 20 3 22 Colors 3 13 3 19 A 18 Computer Minimum Requirements 2 2 Configuration system 1 5 Connection to PC card 2 6 D Data Examine Previously Saved 3 3 Save to File 3 16 Defaults Load 3 17 Deviations Std and Max 3 15 Device Selection 3 3 3 17 Diameter Display mode 3 12 Dimensions 1 13 1 15 1 16 Display Modes 3 12 Distance 3 16 Distributors A 13 Divergence 3 19 DIL s 2 4 E Eye Safety 3 31 F File Open Save 3 16 3 27 Filter profile smoothing 3 25 Functional Description BeamMap 1 6 Beam R 1 10 ColliMate 1 9 Function Keys 3 23 Function Request Form A 1 G G Go 3 32 Gain Amplifier 3 6 Lock and Change 3 29 Gaussian BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Appendices Beam Definition A 10 Fit 3 14 gif save as 3 17 Global Selection 3 14 Grids 3 15 H Hardware Pull down Menu 3 18 Quick Start Tutorial 3 31 Head Status and Results 3 5 Help 3 26 I Included power 3 11 Inclusion Region 3 9 Installation 2 1 Head 2 6 PC Card 2 3 Software 2 4 Irradiance Beam A 10 ISO 11146 3 10 A 6 J Jitter 1 4 Jitter Suppression 1 5 3 18 Job files 3 3 3 17 jpg save as 3 17 K Knife Edge Mode 3 11 3 33 L LabVIEW 2 4 LabWindow
55. estart the motor and a Motor stalled message will appear until the software detects rotation at the set speed If the head is cold this may take up to a few minutes E g you just received the unit from the courier s truck and the package and head 15 cool or cold or your lab is not temperature stabilized at a temperature above 20 C In order to ensure that the head temperature stays fairly constant the motor runs when the PC is powered up whether or not the software itself is on If the head stays stalled and becomes significantly warm close the software allow the head to cool back to ambient reconnect the head and restart the software If the problem persists call As with any experiment with sub micron resolution it is recommended that for the most accurate results the equipment is left permanently on If this is not possible always allow a suitable period of warm up before attempting to take the most accurate results IMPORTANT Due to motor damping the x absolute position is temperature dependent to a small extent For this reason never compare x position results taken in a situation where the head temperature is varying by more than 5 C If you are reasonably well aligned the beam centroid will be indicated within the centroid target If not you will need to adjust the beam in x and y by reading the Xc and Yc positions viewing the centroid screen and adjusting the head or the assembly IMPORTANT For accurate result
56. etter than 0 2 8 must be 4 5 a beam diameter lt 3 14 mm For better than 0 5 0 must be 9 9 a beam diameter of 4 96 mm BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 A 15 App Appendices For off axis beams the equations become more complex For accurate measurements use on axis alignment in x Next consider a uniform top hat energy distribution The slit is treated as two chords which cut off different areas of the circle The intercepted energy is the difference between these two areas The same equations and limits apply Note that it is necessary to accurately correct for the off axis position of the centroid and from this to accurately calculate the effective radius at which the measurement is being taken A 16 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Appendices This page intentionally left blank BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 A 17 Appendices INDEX Note A refers to pages in the Appendices A Angle rotation 3 7 3 24 Angular Divergence 3 19 Averaging Centroid 3 32 Profiles 3 25 Results 3 25 B BeamMap vs Beam R 1 5 1 6 1 10 1 12 Beam Acquisition Measurement area 1 17 Divergence 3 19 3 20 NA amp f 1 25 3 19 3 20 Power Limits 1 19 Select from stored data 3 25 1 19 Waist diameter 1 22 Width Definition 3 10 Button Areas 3 9 Button Bar 3 27 C Calibration 1 11 A 14 Caption Bar 3 4 Center profile 3 15 Centroid Av
57. f operation Determines the 50 of peak edges of the profile Defines the center as opposed to centroid of the beam as the midpoint between these two points Determines the Least Squares level of the central 8096 of this region It plots a straight line at this mean level and defines it as 100 for the purpose of subsequent TopHat fit calculations Shows the Top Hat fit in as 100 1 Total area of deviations Area under line Show std dev For both the Gaussian and Top Hat fits a vertical red line appears on the graph at the point of maximum deviation and the Max Deviation and Std Deviation are overwritten in red on the graph See Sec 3 3 7 for a choosing fit options up to o TIP On slower PCs to speed up the processing do not show these options Show scale grids is a self explanatory option Set profile colors allows precisely that You can waste infinite amounts of time on this The Zoom 1X to 16X allows you to zoom the profile area on which the cursor is currently sitting If Global selections is checked then all profiles will change TIP Pressing and on the keyboard zooms the profile in or out respectively and is much faster than accessing the menu Profile to Clipboard sends the profile on which the cursor is sitting to the Clipboard Center profile In order to center the profile in the profile area in which the cursor lies press for
58. factor 4 FWHM 4 um Since smoothing causes an increase in the width of the smoothed profile the displayed value for the beamwidth is corrected using the same algorithm as is used for slit width correction See Sec 1 8 3 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Quick Start Tutorial Average Filter Info Help averaging Average 5 Average 10 Average 20 Average 30 Average 40 Average 50 Average Average 0 Average at Average 90 Average 100 Reset on drift Best average Esc tn v Enable Average CTRL A Filter Info Help Filtering Filter 0 1 Full Scale w Filter 0 2 Full Scale Filter 0 59 Full Scale Filter 1 0 Full Scale 1 1 filter winami 2 pixels Winteml 3 X 3 pixels Wiricam X4 pixels slower FWHM Samples 3 25 3 3 Quick Start Tutorial 3 3 10 Help Contains no useful information at the time of writing Will be added in later releases 3 3 11 Log Data delen this button to open the Data log Click on Enter sample rate to enter a rate between Fite Mame 1 and 3600 sph samples per hour amples taken 0 60sph The rest of the buttons in the dialog are self explanatory The logged data is saved as a text file start log which may be exported to a text compatible file or to IEEE programs such as Excel In the near future a new software version will offer Enter samplerate display of
59. fit assumes a H 1310 nm straight line divergence generally Not using 4xSigma applicable in the far field more than Aul FF HA v 0 000 two Rayleigh Ranges from any focis 4 4 mr Pointing x 12 7 mr BeamMap The Clip a and Clip b results are displayed in terms of Numerical Aperture NA sin 2 full angle divergence in degrees and mr milliradians and the calculated distance Zc in the centroid values display area from the zero plane of the puck to the source BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 3 19 Quick Start Tutorial BeamMapC The u axis and v axis results are displayed in terms of Numerical Aperture NA sin 2 full angle divergence in degrees and mr milliradians and the calculated distance 2 from the zero plane of the puck to the source Note that NA for optical fibers is frequently defined at the 1 level so set one of the Clip x levels appropriately Check in log mode profile display that the noise level is sufficiently low to give reasonable results with a 1 clip level The noise should be at least 30 dB or use profile averaging in order to reduce the noise to this level If you are working with a focused beam rather than a divergent or collimated beam then the Divergence results are calculated correctly but are nonsense They are nonsense because the algorithm performs a straight line fit to the results but the actual results for a focused
60. for any baseline tilt the zero levels on either side of the center are treated separately and integration from the centroid is separately performed for 99 of the energy on each side of the centroid See Section 3 5 of Appendix B for Beam Diameter definitions For a broader discussion on Variance see Appendix B Sec 4 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Quick Start Tutorial Parameter Input Sigma power inclusion percent Ctrl Alt S pulls up the Parameter Input box shown This allows you to set a different integral energy calculation percent If you change this the calculation is no longer ISO 11146 compliant You may use this facility to exclude energy in the wings Cancel or in structure distant from the main beam Once you get away from the 99 default value it is your call what is appropriate we cannot provide advice on the appropriateness or not of alternative percentage settings Enable Knife Edge KE mode If you check this option the software automatically assesses whether or not the mode is appropriate for the zero plane slit and uses it accordingly When the beam s FWHM Full Width Half Maximum is smaller than 25 of the alternate slit width the software will automatically decide to use the alternate zero plane slit normally 25 um wide in Knife Edge KE mode The software hysteresis range is set at 115 to 125 The displayed results and the curve are based upon a KE analysis of the data The
61. ftware network connections ICQ Instant Messenger automatic fax reception etc Having said that to date such programs have given us no problems in lab tests In Windows Explorer from c Temp or whichever temporary directory you put it in double click iDataRay exe to install the software You can install over an existing version of the software The install program will allow you the option of changing the drive and directory location of the software The default is c Program Files DataRay Important Currently to put the icon on the desktop in the Choose Shortcut Location you must select the On the Desktop option or it will default to the In an existing program group option To be amended at some future date Double click the icon to start the program The first time the program is run or if a newer version has been installed Board not found and Loading defaults messages may appear This is normal Other problems Contact us Install the software driver for the PCI card as follows In c Program Files DataRay locate DataRayWin2K inf for Windows NT 2000 and XP and DataRay inf for Windows 98 and Me Right click the appropriate file and click Install This makes the driver available for the PCI card installation There are no other drivers or components to be installed at this stage Congratulations You have successfully completed software installation 2 4 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Installation
62. gely try File Load Defaults in the Pull down menu The beam should be centered on the instrument for accurate measurements See pp 3 6 amp 3 7 If you get a result or inconsistency you do not understand before you call proceed as follows Via the Pull down menu go File Save Save current data to save the single profile set Save all data in data buffer to save a sequence of data particularly if you are seeing instability The saved file bmf bcf brf bsf or wcf format includes calibration data for your instrument DataRay technical support can then view the data exactly as you see it Email the result to support dataray com and or your distributor with your comments Then call If User Manual authors had their way If you read this manual first you are entitled to free product support by phone fax or email For those who decide not to bother to read this manual before calling for support a Help line charged at a per minute rate is available Seriously though do read this manual to enjoy the full benefit of your investment BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P DataRay Beam Profilers User Manual Serial Number Purchased by Date Rev 0207A July 2002 2002 DataRay Inc All rights reserved 605 Stapp Road Boulder Creek California 95006 USA Corporate Office 831 338 9055 e Fax 831 338 9098 info dataray com e www dataray com Product Support 303
63. h a specific supplement this manual covers the initial release of BeamScope P7 instruments In order to save time for Beam R users sections which only apply to BeamMap are indicated by a thick gray line down the left hand side of the page see left BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 1 1 1 1 Introduction In order to save time for BeamMap users sections which only apply to Beam R are indicated by a double gray line down the left hand side of the page see left DataRay is committed to providing the ultimate in beam profiling performance and welcomes constructive criticism of these products and of this manual Please contact us www dataray com is always the source for the most current versions of software manuals application notes specifications parts lists etc At any time you may download the latest version of the software and or manual updates and application notes for free Visit the website in order to determine whether an update is available If you need a function that is not included in the current version please fill out and fax a Function Request form found as Appendix A of this manual Many requested software functions can be added with relative ease and may be done for free and possibly added to future releases However if the requested embellishment is considered extensive and or obscure DataRay reserves the right to quote a fee for the requested change The BeamMap and ColliMate product lines origin
64. hat the BeamMap Beam R and ColliMate products can measure without additional external attenuation For BeamMap Beam R the lines are not straight for the following reasons Upper Limit Q The one Watt total forms a horizontal upper bound Q Down to around 10 um preamplifier saturation is the upper bound on allowed power through slit It is proportional to beam width However as the beam size decreases to a few um one hits the slit damage threshold limit and the upper limit then decreases proportional to beam diameter Right Hand Limit Q This limit depends upon the detector size and for ColliMate heads the distance from the front plane to the detector and the wavelength Higher Maximum Power Limits Lower sensitivity heads ND heads can be made to special order at no or small extra charge The dashed lines show ND2 for silicon heads and ND1 5 for InGaAs showing the higher maximum limits This can be as a fixed internal filter or a magnetically attached removable external filter At the lower beam diameters due to slit irradiance limits the higher irradiances can only be achieved with the external filter BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 1 19 1 8 Introduction 1 20 Total Beam Power in mW Total Beam Power in mW Approx Silicon BeamMap Beam R Limits 633 nm Max Limit is 80 lower lt 350 nm amp 50 higher 1064 1000 100 10 0 1 0 01 0 001 1000 100 10 0 1
65. hin 1 A small table can be constructed 2W Accuracy Sought Allowable z zg error t 1 t 14 t 2 20 5 32 10 45 3 2 Accurately Measuring Divergence and or 2w z versus 2 Divergence may be measured directly at large values of z zR Referring to figure 1 at large z the diagonals defining are asymptotic to the hyperbolic curve of 2W z versus z and could be calculated from 2W z as 2 arctan W z z 8 2W z z for small 6 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 A 7 App B3 1 Appendices The error in this assumption may be calculated from equations 4 and 8 to be Error from 2W z Error Z zg value lt 1 gt 5 7 lt 2 gt 4 4 lt 5 gt 3 0 lt 10 222 Since some of these Z zg values may be inconveniently large O is not normally measured directly Instead is calculated by fitting the measurements of 2W z versus z to the hyperbolic curve of equation 6 Ref 2 shows that for maximum sensitivity to the fractional change versus z in the shape of the hyperbolic curve it is preferable to work within the region 0 5 lt 2 2 2 0 9 Working at values of Z Zg 0 5 compromises the accuracy of the measurements Working at values of Z Zg gt 2 0 is not as big a problem but leads to lower accuracy as the ratio increases But unless M is already known how can you know ze and work within the z zg regions indicated by the discussions above I
66. ic That 15 a The beams may be purely asymmetric having the same waist positions Zox 70 but different waist diameters 2Wox 2Woy b The beams may be purely astigmatic having different waist positions Zox zoy but with 2Wox 2Woy c The beams may be asymmetric and astigmatic having different waist positions Zox zoy and different widths 2Wox 2Woy or d The beams may exhibit neither astigmatism nor asymmetry at the beamwaist but may have asymmetric divergence Oox Ooy Condition a b c or d or any combination thereof leads to Mx My Any attempt to measure must realistically assume c until the measurements prove otherwise Although the rest of this note assumes circular symmetry and a single dimension the reader should always bear in mind that both X and Y measurements should be taken in order to characterize the beam accurately and adequately 2 2 The ISO 11146 Standard The ISO 11146 standard See Section 4 of this Application Note and Ref 1 discusses both beamwidth and measurement in more detail Importantly it defines that Q Second Moment rather than Gaussian equivalent diameter must be used when establishing 2W z versus See section 3 5 3 for the second moment formulation The second moment diameter is specified because only the product M of divergence and waist diameter measured in this manner is conserved for a generalized non Gaussian beam A mixture of TEM modes
67. ile Open the Function define dialog Centers the profile when the cursor is within the profile Selects absolute position display Selects both profiles for Beam R Centers the profile in the grid Go Start starts data collection Zooms in Zooms out Pan the profile Resets Profile scale Zoom to 1X Stop stops data collection Selects the u axis profiles Selects the v axis profiles Selects x profile for Beam R Selects y profile for Beam R Opens the calibration Factory use only dialog Locks the gain and search Press again to re enable Open a file Prints the results Opens Save dialog Opens match points diagnostic Factory use only Page Up Page Down Alt F4 Ctrl Alt C Ctrl AIt F Ctrl Alt M Ctrl Alt P Ctrl Alt S Ctrl Alt W Access the previous image Access the next image Exits the program Selects single middle BeamMap profile plane Selects first slit pair for ColliMate head Selects second slit pair for ColliMate head Selects three middle BeamMap profiles plane Selects third slit pair for ColliMate head Selects fourth slit ColliMate head pair for Selects five BeamMap X profiles Repaints screen Forces Beam R Knife edge mode Opens an M Debug diagnostic Factory use only Increments reference Factory use only phase Opens input box for the Sigma power inclusion percent Opens WinCamD debug Factory use only BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScop
68. ion note modifies that assumption to five times greater diffraction than spherical aberration BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Appendices APPENDIX C TECHNICAL SUPPORT SALES RETURNS DISTRIBUTORS AND REPRESENTATIVES DataRay maintains a network of knowledgeable non exclusive Distributors and Representatives and also offers direct product support As with all companies contact names and telephone numbers vary with time and therefore have not been included here Visit www dataray com for a complete listing The current procedure for returning product is also posted at the website in the On line Support area App BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 A 13 Appendices APPENDIX BEAMMAP BEAM R CALIBRATION 1 Static Calibration Q The electronics takes 2048 samples per slit position at 14 20 mm nominal radius which is a minimum sample pitch of 0 087 um The nominal circumferential interval between the slit centers is 11 15 mm The primary zero reference for the samples is with respect to the P4 z 0 slit and the cardinal motor Nominal slit Actual slit step timing at which it crosses the axis This is x 0 position position Secondary zero references occur at 128 000 sample Xi intervals Static Calibration does assume that the master clock on the PC card is accurate to its short term stability per revolution of better than 0 000196 better than one part in 10
69. irst place then at the desktop right click on My Computer select Properties Device Manager click on the sign next to Other Devices and double click BeamMap and Beam R and BeamScope PCI based Profilers Select Drivers and then click on Update Drivers to get to the Update Device Driver Wizard in 9 above If the system is still not working it can be useful to refind the PCI card In Device Manager Remove DataRay BeamMap series and then Refresh to allow the system to refind the card This will take you to 10 above BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Installation I ve done this and it still does not work Although heads and cards are interchangeable all systems are checked as a head plus card combination prior to shipping The probability that one of the components is not working 15 extremely low If it still does not work the most likely explanation is that you accidentally skipped one or more instructions Proceed as follows Go Start Settings Control Panel Add Remove programs DataRay and uninstall the software Delete the card in Device Manager and then power down the computer and take out the card Reboot the computer and then shut it down again Q Reread the instructions carefully and start again from scratch If you are still unsuccessful contact Technical Support 2 8 MOUNTING THE HEAD 1 See the mounting detail pp 1 15 and 1 16 It is recommended that you mount the hea
70. is section The absolutely latest software is not necessarily the version shipped with the hardware Always visit the Support Software Upgrades section of www dataray com in order to determine whether a more recent version is available for download and installation Check the version and the date If you do not already have it download the latest version of iDataRay exe from the website and place it in a temporary directory named e g c Temp Q In case you need to return to an older version of the software rename any old Dataray directory as c datarayx xxy where x xxy is the version number found on the top line of the opened program Q If this is a completely new DataRay software installation you may skip the section immediately below on previously installed versions Important Previously Installed Versions prior to 2 01A If you have a version older than 2 01A in the PC due to the change in driver unless you take the following precautions your computer could freeze on start up after you have installed the card This would be due to a conflict between the new driver and DriverX installedthe earlier version of the software The last version which used DriverX was 2 00 Before installing the PCI card restart the PC and delete driverx sys amp driverx vxd from NT amp 2000 c winnt system amp c winnt system32 drivers 95 and 98 c windows system amp c windows system32 drivers All versions Start Run type in
71. ited relative to a reference measurement input by the user User may enter units such as mW etc Rolling bar histogram of last 10 measurements 45 dB optical 30 000 1 Earlier models 34 dB optical 2500 1 1 7 3 Hz See minimum PC requirements below 2 to 3 mm for standard BeamMap heads 12 7 mm for ColliMate CM3 CM4 heads On screen on values amp graphics in selectable colors User selectable running average 5 samples Min Max Mean Standard Error in the Mean Across axis width x Height x Along axis depth 51 x 100 x 90 mm 2 0 x 3 9 x 3 5 inches ColliMate 3 plane head 120 mm 4 7 inches deep ColliMate 4 plane head 125 mm 4 9 inches deep 74 20 threaded mounting holes dowel pin locations See drawing on next page 550 gm 1 4 Ib for standard heads 600 gm 1 5 Ib for ColliMate heads 18 to 30 C 5 to 55 C Non condensing atmosphere 3 m 10 ft standard length 15 pin D connectors 500 MHz Pentium Ill running Windows 98 NT4 2000 or XP 128 MB RAM PCI Slot 10 MB HD space SVGA 600 x 800 display BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 1 13 Introduction PC Card edge connections 15 pin female D connector Do not insert the video monitor cable into this socket You will damage the PCI card User accessible E Measurement Plane Lens Plate Concept ee This plate is factory attached to the front of 1 0 25 4 mm the Beam R or BeamM
72. l direction scan through the beam in order to determine beam centroid and to give orthogonal x y profiles Due to the 45 inclination the effective slit widths for such scans are V2 greater than the actual slit width i e 3 5 and 35 um respectively 7 amp 70 um pairs with InGaAs heads Face on view of rotating puck Rotating puck carrying apertures in single plane shown dashed 25 um slit at 45 to radius 2 5 um slit at 45 to radius 9 2 5 um slit at 25 um slit at 45 to radius 45 to radius Photosensitive detector connected to Z axis processing Direction of electronics Laser Beam Propagation Beam R Slit Scan Sequence Schematic amp Detail Position P1 P2 P3 P4 Orientation 45 45 45 45 Si Slit Width 2 5 2 5 25 25 IGA Slit Width 5 5 50 50 Si Effective Width um 3 5 3 5 35 35 IGA Effective Width um 7 7 70 70 Z plane 0 0 0 0 Displayed Profiles Normal Slit mode U V Wide Slit Knife edge mode BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Introduction O When the beam diameter goes below 10 um the user may choose knife edge mode using the 35 um effective width slits 20 and 70 um for InGaAs pata lnc Rotating about an axis parallel to the z axis satisfies the orthogonal linear scan Beam R requirements of the ISO 11146 beam aS ons from metal surfaces profiling standard For alignment with the Avoid reflecti b
73. meter to ISO 11146 1 13 5 Gaussian width Knife Edge algorithm for beams lt 50 of slit diameter User selectable 96 of peak Simultaneous display of four beamwidths per profile t lt 2 um rms Centroid averaging option after one hour warm up lt 2 in x lt 1 um in y lt 2 relative error for uniform beams Not definable for extremely non uniform beams lt 2 um best for BeamMap heads Beam quality and NA dependent 100 um typical for ColliMate heads 1 mrad accuracy over 100 mrad range 1 mrad accuracy over 100 mrad range lt 5 1 0 to gt 20 2Wo lt 2 1000 A gt 400 nm Max Total 1W Irradiance 1 mW um A 400 nm Lower See Sec 1 8 2 Lower See Sec 1 8 2 All profiles from all slits may be displayed 2 D plot 10 16 or 256 colors gray scale 3 D plot 10 16 or 256 colors gray scale Xc Yc Centroid position Zoom profiles x1 to x16 Focus Axial misalignment Divergence Collimation BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Relative Power measurement Auto Gain Range Update rate all measurements Source to first plane distance Marked on head calibration sticker Measurement Analysis Pass Fail Averaging Statistics Head Dimensions see drawing below Mounting Weight Head Temperature Operating ambient for head Storage Cable Minimum PC requirements Mac version not available Introduction Unlim
74. n Ref 3 that f number gt 137 f A 10 Where fmm is the focal length of the lens um isthe laser wavelength f number is defined as f divided by the 1 e diameter of the beam at the lens For a 25 mm diameter 75 mm focal length plano convex lens this leads to Max Beamwidth at Lens 400 gt 12 7 2 0 mm 633 gt f 11 3 2 2 mm 830 gt f 10 6 2 4mm 1064 gt 9 9 2 5mm Due to the 0 25 power dependence in equation 10 even a wider tolerance such as allowing the aberration contributions to be equal only decreases the f number to gt f 7 6 at 633 nm for a maximum beamwidth of 3 3 mm Ref 2 conservatively recommends gt f 20 in all circumstances It is therefore important to perform such a calculation for the lens employed and if necessary use a lens with either with lower aberrations or a longer focal length Typically the choice to reduce spherical aberration would be either an achromat which normally has significantly reduced spherical aberration or a laser focusing singlet A longer focal length plano convex singlet may be a solution But only if the Rayleigh range can be kept low enough for the scan range if a scanning M stage is employed See e g DataRay s BeamScope P5 with its Accessory scan stage BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 A 9 App B3 3 B3 4 Appendices 4 Beamwidth Definition 4 1 Gaussian Beams True Gaussian beams have no edges that is the
75. n practice An approximate value of M may be known and ze can then be estimated before setting up and starting the measurements zgcan be calculated from the M measurements After the first run the set up can be assessed in order to verify that the Z zg region is in accord with condition 9 3 3 Inaccessible Beam Waists If no accessible beam waist exists then an ancillary lens must be used to form the waist This 15 normally the case when the laser itself is being measured since the beam waist is in the vicinity of the output mirror c cox a 4 Diverging beam from inaccessible waist Lens New waist The ancillary lens used to form the waist should be in the far field of the laser preferably gt 1 Zr for the laser source from the limiting aperture or laser waist Away from diffractive overlay from the mode selecting aperture of the laser Ref 2 For a typical HeNe 2Wo 0 8 mm divergence mrad Zr 2W O 0 8 m A 8 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Appendices 3 4 Correct Waist formation using a Lens In order not to increase the of the original beam this lens must be used within aberration free diffraction limited region of operation For a plano convex singlet typically employed in these applications spherical aberration is the dominant on axis aberration In order to keep this contribution well below a factor of five below the diffraction limit 1t may be show
76. nal Gaussian beams and top hat distributions The three graphs show the compensation error as a function of beam diameter slit width for a simple compensation algorithm square root of the difference of the squares clip level independent and for the more complex clip level dependent algorithm employed by DataRay The first two graphs are for Gaussians 1 22 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Error Error 2 0 1 5 1 0 0 5 0 0 0 5 1 0 1 5 2 0 20 15 10 5 0 5 Difference of Squares Corrrection 13 5 Error versus Slitwidth Beamwidth Ratio Introduction Formula 1 8 50 Clip Formula 13 5 Clip lt Difference of Squares Corrrection 50 Clip 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 Slitwidth s Beamwidth 2w 0 8 0 9 Error versus Slitwidth Beamwidth Ratio Gaussian Beams Uncorrected Error 13 5 50 Difference of Squares Correction 13 5 50 Formula 13 5 50 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 Slitwidth s Beamwidth 2 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 0 7 0 8 1 23 Error Introduction 15 Error versus Slitwidth Beamwidth Ratio Circular Top Hat Beams 10 Difference of Squares Corrrection 13 5 5 0 Formula 13 5 Clip 5 Formula 50 Clip
77. ndows to search for the driver Click Next for Yes Recommended but first let the computer complete its start up for all the little icons at the bottom of the screen wait until the hourglass has changes back to the normal cursor and stays that way and the hard drive has stopped clicking You will get the message Windows was unable to locate a driver for this device Select Other Locations and Browse to c programs dataray and click OK then OK again and then Finish In case your installation is slightly different the file that you are trying to install as a driver is dataray inf for Windows 95 or 98 or dataraywin2k inf for Windows 2000 both found in c programs dataray and separately on the CD Note that Windows NT 2000 XP may copy these files to the c WINNTWnf directory and rename them as oem inf Then mount and connect the head Sections 2 7 below and start the software If it does not change from Starting to Running in a short period then it has not found the driver in which case see 11 below In NT which does not install in the same sense this Wizard process does not happen If when you start the software it comes up with No boards found then as the screen advises Try one reboot If the same message reappears when you restart the software after the reboot reboot it once more If you still have no success contact DataRay Technical support If the card did not link properly in the f
78. ned in section 2 2a ISO 11146 mandates the use of a Second Moment definition of beam diameter 2W Z 242 o z 12 where the variance 2 is calculated as 2 E z ffr I r 0 Z r dr do 2 9 9 13 Where I r Z is radial intensity distribution versus angular position along propagation axis Z In more useful x and y terms since these are what actually get measured _ 2 4 3 2 y I x y Z dx dy N I lt N 14 x y denotes the centroid of the I x y z intensity distribution The ISO 11146 standard actually terms the quantities E x y Z rather than l X y z and d Z amp 2 rather than 2 2 amp 2W Z Here we have used the more familiar terminology rather than the less common terminology used in the ISO standard For a pure Gaussian intensity distribution the second moment width is identical to the more familiar 1 13 5 of peak intensity width There are a number of potential disadvantages to the use of second moment as a beam diameter definition none of which are insurmountable in a well designed system a Unless the results are gathered and processed automatically the second moment diameter is non trivial to calculate It is not possible to simply measure it directly from a graphical plot of the data b Any unsubtracted background in the wings either purely analog noise
79. nt Ctrl F Print Preview Save curent data as text Print Setups 1 AtkachWokesTest Select data from data buffer gt SAMPLE 3 14 1 Save all data in data buffer 4 Familypc D DanGoodPuck Attach nates 5 Exit Save current data saves the current on screen profile 3 16 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Quick Start Tutorial Select data from data buffer opens a Beam Select Dialog box that allows you to select which profiles to save Select all data from data buffer saves all the profiles in the buffer If you select the Attach notes function a dialog will open that you can fill in When you save the file the Notes will be saved with it and will Print with notes when you select that function Load Job and Save Job A Job file allows saving and opening particular software setups It is especially useful when testing a variety of laser assemblies on a regular basis Saving a complex setup with specific Pass Fail criteria is a very effective way of saving time and 3 3 establishing parameters for repeatable results Multiple job files can be saved each with a different set of settings Load Defaults does precisely that useful if things seem screwed up Holding the Shift key down while starting the software has the same effect Screen to Clipboard sends the screen area between the Toolbar and the Status bar to the
80. o start taking data press F1 click on the Go Ready O O button or the Ready button or press g on the keyboard The puck will rotate at 5 Hz BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 2 7 2 6 Ded Installation If you try to start taking data with no head connected you will get the lig ess and the system should take data Allow up to 15 minutes if the head is cold and has sat unused for weeks Do not worry the software goes into auto restart mode and once the head has warmed up the puck will start rotating If you put your finger on the head you should feel the stepper motor trying to restart Be patient If after 15 minutes it has still not started at which stage it will change from Motor Stalled to Running contact Technical Support If the head feels hot to the touch but has still not started close the software let it cool down to ambient then reconnect and retry DataRay message shown Click OK to close this window If you try to start two copies of the program the message shown will appear Click OK and then find the copy that you have already opened on the task bar at the bottom of the screen DRI DLL already in use Congratulations You have successfully completed installation done this and it still does not work Although heads and cards are interchangeable all systems are checked as a head plus card combination prior to shipping The probability that one of the comp
81. o the measurement entered 3 22 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Quick Start Tutorial Show Function keys does precisely that Function keys are user definable on screen shortcuts These on screen keys parallel the F5 to F12 keys on your keyboard Left click on a key to bring up the ARTS Function define dialog box shown here Enter desired function and label Scroll through the options They allow you to view particular profiles Increment Beamtt CE Decrement Beamt ance particular beams and or particular Clear Beam heads manipulate files etc The available selection may change as the software evolves Select a function and a label To change the allocation of a function key hold down the shift key and click on the function key to be changed Show 2D Update live 2D slows update Show 3D Update live 3D slows update This set of options allows you to choose what is being updated on screen Selecting these functions may slow the screen update rate on slower PCs If you select Show 2D but not Update live 2D slows update then the 2D graphic only updates when you stop data collection 3 3 6 Setup Allows you to Set Password Entering the current Password allows you to reset the global password to a new Password Password protected functions are locked when this option is selected See 3 2 4 INCREDIBLY IMPORTANT Display modes Set Wavelength Enter Factor Far
82. omprise multiple opaque layers deposited on a sapphire substrate The total slit thickness is 2 microns nearly an order of magnitude thinner than the best air slits The thermally conductive sapphire substrate allows high power performance Problem 3 Jitter Historically it has been very difficult to drive a stepping motor or other motor smoothly enough with the necessary constant rotational velocity and positional repeatability to work with multiple apertures at high resolution Solution A custom motor with micro step drive plus damping produces an ultra smooth motion which all but eliminates motor cogging and can hence achieve the required precision Place a finger on the head Feel how low the residual vibration 15 Individual rotation to rotation position error is better than 1 part in 10 This error is reflected in the lt lum rms specification for centroid position The displayed centroid position is normally the running average of four samples However if the centroid position on a profile to profile basis changes by more than 2 um then the display immediately updates to the new position and restarts the running average In Jitter suppression mode the displayed profiles are position stabilized on the screen for sample to sample centroid variations lt 5 of the 1 range This feature removes centroid jitter in the displayed profile but retains the actual centroid position in the displayed Xc
83. on with an ND2 filter in front of the detector Under any circumstances the following maxima apply The following slit and head damage limits always apply Q Total power on the head must not exceed W or head slit damage may occur Total irradiance power density at gt 500 nm must not exceed 0 5 mW um mm of beam diameter or slit damage may occur Total irradiance power density at any A 500 nm must not exceed 0 25 mW um times the relative value given on the graph below or slit damage may occur Q Beware of back reflections from the slits Always employ appropriate eye protection Power limits versus beam diameter Q The graphs on the second and third pages that follow show the upper and lower power limits for reference wavelengths of 633 nm for the Silicon heads and 1350 nm for the InGaAs and InAs heads Q For other wavelengths multiply the values indicated by the factor indicated on the graph immediately below this text The damage limits given above still apply Relative allowable beam power compared with reference versus 10 InAs Si InGaAs 0 1 0 1 1 10 Wavelength in um 1 18 BeamMap Beam kR ColliMate BeamScope P7 Introduction The graphs which follow show as a range enclosed by a line the approximate range of powers versus beam diameter t
84. onents is not working 15 extremely low If it still does not work the most likely explanation is that you accidentally skipped one or more instructions Proceed as follows Go Start Settings Control Panel Add Remove programs Dataray and uninstall the software Delete the card in Device Manager and then power down the computer and take out the card Reboot the computer and then shut it down again Reread the instructions carefully and start again from scratch If you are still unsuccessful contact Technical Support 2 8 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Quick Start Tutorial CHAPTER THREE 3 QUICK START TUTORIALS Okay so you want to start quickly without reading all the manual but do not want to damage the hardware or just want to evaluate the software This chapter is for you Follow the step by step instructions refer to other sections where noted and you will learn all you need measure beam profiles Unfamiliar with the hardware or just evaluating the software Start at Section 3 1 Acquainted with the software but never used the hardware Go to Section 3 6 3 1 SOFTWARE OQUICK START TUTOR A D 3 2 3 1 1 3 2 3 41 2 Examine Previous Vo avead 3 3 3 2 MANIPULATE THE IMAGE AND THE PROFILE ANALYSIS esee 3 9 3 2 1 2D amp 3DaDisplay e MampuldtiOn ss
85. ontrol how busy the display appears Uncheck what you do not need w Global selections w Linear normalized Profile to clipboard Show clip levels displays the variable clip levels in blue on the profile Clip c Clip d the widths set by these levels are shown as 2Wc and 2Wd immediately below the xx x um div scale indication You may drag and click the levels shown on the screen If Clip a or Clip b is 40 c or d is locked Show Gaussian fit Gfit results line appears over the 2w results and a red line Gaussian appears superimposed over the profile The Gaussian fit 15 based upon Based upon an iterated linear fit about the 13 5 diameter With a centroid the same as that of the beam With the area under the curve is the same that of the beam Over a width that includes 99 default of the power in the profile As with the 4 diameter Ctrl Alt S allows you to set a different percentage for the included power 3 14 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Quick Start Tutorial The automatic fit is achieved by iteratively adjusting the height and width of the Gaussian until the Least Squares difference between the actual profile and the Gaussian profile is minimized The fit is currently calculated as 1 Sum of absolute differences Gaussian profile area expressed in Show Top Hat fit The Top Hat fit Determines and subtracts the baseline True for all modes o
86. or quantization noise due to inadequate dynamic range in the sensor or the ADC analog to digital converter leads BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 A 11 Appendices to errors in the second moment In general it leads to an over estimation of the second moment width If the I x y z intensity profile has wings which fall at a rate slower than 1 x or 1 then the double integral actually increases as x and y increase For reasons b and c most commercial second moment beam diameter software first automatically determines and subtracts the background and then truncates I x y Z to the zeroed background level at a predetermined distance from the l e diameter Some software allows the user to override this distance 5 Acknowledgements In parts this Application Note draws on Reference 2 and we have used the same notation wherever possible 6 References ISO 11146 Optics and optical instruments Lasers and laser related equipment Test methods for Beam widths divergence angle and beam propagation factor Published by the International Organization for Standardization T F Johnston Jr Beam propagation M measurement made as easy as it gets the four cuts method Applied Optics Vol 37 No 21 20 July 1998 pp 4840 4850 Anonymous Fundamental Optics Lens Selection Melles Griot Catalog Appendices Equation 4 assumes equal contributions from diffraction and spherical aberration This applicat
87. profile Select this default option to force a simple Gaussian fit Auto name files Slit orientation 0 o If you select this option when you save a file a name will be suggested in the format In the format BX YY MM DD HH MM SS which is a device abbreviation BM BC or BR followed by the date and time 24 hour clock read off your computer s clock In the future this may change to a shorter version BXYYMMDD HHMMSS BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 3 3 8 Average Opens the Profile Averaging menu Choose either a running average based upon a specific number Average 5 to 100 of profiles or choose Continuous accumulation averaging of the profiles An averaging mode indication will appear in blue on the profile graphic Reset on drift resets the averaging in the centroid position when the drift is currently gt 5 um The displayed results are derived from the averaged profile Reset average ESC Press the Esc button to restart the averaging Enable Average or CTRL If this is checked the default CTRL A toggles averaging on and off 3 3 9 Filter Filter selects a triangular weighting smoothing function performed as a running smooth of the profile Select Filter 0 X Full Scale The actual FWHM of the triangular filter may be calculated as FWHM of full scale x Scale um div x Zoom factor 10 E g for of full scale 0 2 Scale um div 50 Zoom
88. ration BMHAXY250 IGA InGaAs detector head 5 slits 250 micron plane separation BMH4XY250 IA Indium Arsenide detector head 10 um slits 250 micron plane separation 250 um plane separation is standard To order 50 100 250 or 500 um plane separation replace the 250 in the part number by 50 100 250 or 500 For BeamMap ColliMate systems replace 250 by CM3 or CM4 for the 3 or 4 plane head To add an ND2 filter over the detector add ND2 to the part number To add a LensPlate ask for a BMLP 1 3 4 0 55 Lens Plate data sheet at website Beam R BR SI Silicon detector 2 5 um amp 25 um XY dual axis Slits BR IGA InGaAs detector 5 um amp 50 XY dual axis Slits Indium Arsenide detector 10 um amp 100 dual axis Slits Visit www dataray com for the latest update and details for this list BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 2 1 Installation 2 3 COMPUTER MINIMUM REQUIREMENTS Q WARNING PC s with an unusual BIOS may be difficult to configure to work with the software BeamMap Beam R amp ColliMate are not available in a Mac compatible version 500 MHz Pentium II PC or faster required 500 MHz Pentium or higher prefered SVGA or better video system 800 x 600 with 256 colors or better A free slot A Microsoft compatible mouse Windows 95 98 NT4 0 Service Pack 5 or higher 2000 or XP A hard drive with 10 MB or more available space A CD drive Doo D D D Sin
89. regedit and press Enter Then go Edit Find type driverx in the Find what box and click Find Next This may take some minutes Wherever it finds a subdirectory with driverx references delete it them and then press Find Next to find the next of the possibly multiple locations BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 2 3 2 4 Installation Windows NT 2000 XP You must install the software as Administrator User with Administrator Rights is not enough If you cannot even install the software it may be that your Administrator i e the real live person has restricted your software installation rights and must therefore be called in to install the software To install this software under Windows NT you must be running NT 4 0 with Service Pack 5 or higher If you are at all unsure do not waste your time but get someone who knows NT or 2000 to help you 2 5 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION INSTRUCTIONS These instructions assume that you are running Windows 95 98 NT 2000 or XP and using a PC that meets the minimum requirements listed in Section 1 7 of this manual Specifications These instructions also assume that you are reasonably familiar with Windows 1 2 3 4 5 The software is installed from within Windows If your computer is not running Windows at this time please run it now Avoid potential installation problems by turning off programs running in the background e g anti virus so
90. rsion 1 06 Recall 1 05E BeamMap C DATARATSAMPLE BMF Profile 1of5 Filter 0 2 DataRay version 1 06C The software version on your PC Recall pre 1 05E The current software operating mode and the Rev of the software employed to save the recalled file BeamMap C DATARAY SAMPLE BMF The file currently displayed Profile 1 of 5 The profile number i of n Filter 0 2 The current profile filter setting Pull down Menus have a quick look Note the existence of keyboard short cuts Section 3 2 describes the pull down menus in more detail Fille Device Hardware Palettes View Setup Options Average Filter Info Help Toolbar Accesses frequently used functions Sec 3 3 contains detailed descriptions 1 3 5 eje o 14 9 Sle Mmmm 25 aja 2 81 1 3 5 gt 85 5 The top version is what appears if you have no PC card installed and are simply evaluating the software A number of buttons are grayed out The lower version is what appears if the PC card 15 installed and a head is present Hover the mouse over any button to see a description of its function If additional buttons appear in later software revs hover the mouse to determine their function Clip levels User set profile clip levels that determine 2Wa and 2Wb see below and Sec 3 2 3 3 4 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Quick
91. s 2 4 LensPlate 1 14 Line Type 3 14 Linear 3 14 Live Update Mode 3 23 Log data 3 26 Logarithmic 3 14 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 M 3 21 M and Its Measurement App Note A 3 Main Screen 3 4 Manual Conventions 1 28 Menus Pull down 3 16 Mounting 1 15 2 6 N NA Numerical Aperture 1 25 3 7 3 19 3 20 3 21 Normalize Profile 3 14 O Open 3 16 Options 3 24 Palette 3 19 Pan profile 3 16 Pass Fail Criteria Colors 3 13 Setup 3 12 Password 3 13 3 23 Index Part Numbers 2 1 PC Card installation 2 3 PC Card connections 1 14 2 6 PC minimum requirements 2 2 Peak Response 3 5 Percentage Fit 3 14 Power Relative 3 22 Precautions 3 31 Principle of Operation BeamMap 1 6 Beam R 1 10 ColliMate 1 9 Print 3 16 Print Setup 3 17 Profile Averaging 3 25 Colors 3 13 Filter 3 25 Gain 3 6 A 19 Appendices Gaussian fit 3 14 Grids 3 14 Linear 3 14 Normalized linear 3 14 Logarithmic 3 14 Pan 3 16 Select 3 27 Smoothing 3 25 Widths 3 10 Zoom 3 15 Puck 1 6 Puck Astigmatism Divergence 1 8 BeamMap 1 6 Beam R 1 10 Calibration 1 11 A 14 ColliMate 1 9 Pull down Menu Bar 3 4 Pull down Menus 3 16 Q Quick Start Tutorials 3 1 Hardware 3 28 Software 3 2 R Range lock 3 9 Rayleigh Range A 5 Representatives A 13 Results averaging 3 25 Returns A 13 Rotation angle 3 7 3 24 S S Stop 3 28 Safety 3 31 Sample Data 3
92. s center the beam to within 250 um or better If you are not well centered then in extreme cases not all the energy going through the slits will fall on the detector and this shading will result in error Xc Yc Position Running Average The displayed centroid position is the running average of four readings except that any rotation to rotation centroid change of 72 0 um is instantly displayed and the running average is restarted This ensures that the displayed centroid position is both low noise and lag free Once within the target area the readings will be accurate and the profiles may be analyzed as discussed earlier in the chapter For BeamMap only click the Setup menu and select Set Wavelength in order to ensure a correct M reading BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Quick Start Tutorial 3 6 3 Beam R Knife Edge Slit Mode Beam R has 2 5 um and 25 um slit pairs You may switch between them as appropriate if Knife Edge KE mode is enabled See Section 3 2 3 If KE is not enabled Beam R will work in slit mode only using the 2 5 um slits BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 3 33 3 6 Quick Start Tutorial 3 34 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Appendices Appendices Appendix A BeamMap Beam R Function Request Form Appendix B M Squared and its Measurement Appendix C Technical Support Sales Returns Distributors amp Reps Appendix D BeamMap Beam R Calibration Inde
93. s desired Datus ne gt 2 oce ap Avoid rom metal suriaces reflect jons User set Pass Fail criteria plus real time results facilitate its use as a development and production alignment tool BeamMap is uniquely suited to the active alignment focusing and verification of tightly focused laser beams Q Results may be analyzed for assembly optimization Statistical Process Control and QA BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 1 7 Introduction BeamMap Standard Puck 4 Schematic Position P1 P2 P3 P4 P5 P6 P7 P8 Orientation 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 4XY BeamMap Standard head Si Slit Width um 5 5 2 5 2 5 5 5 25 25 IGA Slit Width um 10 10 5 5 10 10 50 50 Z plane mm S S 0 0 5 5 4s 4s 3XYKE BeamMap head for small beams Si Slit Width um 5 5 2 9 2 5 5 5 25 25 IGA Slit Width um 10 10 5 5 10 10 50 50 Z plane mm 50 50 0 0 50 50 0 0 4XYD Divergence measurement head Si Slit Width um 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 IGA Slit Width um 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 25 Z plane mm S S 0 0 2 2 4s 4s Where s is the plane spacing in 50 100 250 or 500 um 1 8 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Introduction 1 6 2 BeamMap ColliMate Principle of Operation For beams lt 100 mrad divergence only By measuring the beam diameter and centroid as a function of z both the beam divergence and beam pointing may b
94. screen shows the processed profile in the standard profile color and fits the Gaussian to it Knife Edge Processing The slit acts like two opposed knife edges As it scans the profile this gives first the integral of the actual beam profile then a flat top while the beam energy ZWxXb 6 um is totally within the slit width and then the 2 inverse integral of the profile In order to determine the actual beam profile the software differentiates the raw profile from the left and right hand edges of the slit to produce the original profile and its inverse These are then added to give the original profile displayed with its centroid at the slit center position IMPORTANT The raw data from the slit 15 shown as a line normalized to just below 50 and as an inverse color to the graph background This line should look like a top hat with sloppy edges and the edges should be the mirror image of one another If the raw data does not have a flat top then the beam is too wide to perform accurate analysis in KE mode Noise in Knife Edge mode Note that KE profiles will always be noisier than slit mode profiles because they are a differential of the raw signal Worst case this can lead to 40 widths which are wider than they would be for a perfect profile Select an appropriate level of Average or Filter from the pull down menu to reduce the noise at the expense of resolution See Sec 3 3 9 Note that due to centroid
95. t the software If you have a PC card installed and a head connected the default screen appropriate to the product will appear The BeamMap screen is shown The other screens are similar If the PC card and or a head is not present a warning will appear Click OK The BeamMap main screen default display should appear To see the Beam R or ColliMate BeamMapC start up screen click Device in the pull down menu bar and select appropriate product The main screen display should appear DataRay version Live mode Profile 1 of 1 Filter 0 2 File Device Hardware Palettes View Setup Options Average Filter Info Help eS alana m D eee Zoom 2X Zoom 2X cale 1 0 Scale 1 0 pmjdiv Scale 1 0 ee DS EE u SE Left Clip levels SpaceBar Left measures Right menu KEYS D ut C enter R eset l up dn 2 up dn NUM O 3 2 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Quick Start Tutorial 3 1 2 Examine Previously Saved Data Click on this button or enter Alt F to open the Open dialog box Select Sample bmf file and click OK to see a screen similar to that below As software upgrades occur the detailed appearance and or the initial settings may change To see ColliMate bcf or Beam R brf sample files select from Files of type DataR ay version
96. the logged data This may also become a button button bar Save log Close logging 3 26 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Quick Start Tutorial 3 4 BUTTON BAR BUTTONS Some button bar buttons have already been addressed this section covers the remainder BeamMap 113151 lt GO 5 45 BeamMapC Heads 28 Sie j aimimImINIG 851 Beam R 2 s u si 9 0 6 als These three buttons in order Clear data from screen and Open and Save files 1l 3 5 Selects the BeamMap profile display The grayed out button is the current selection The full contrast buttons are the alternative selections 1 shows the central Z 0 profile 3 shows the central Z 0 profile plus the beam centroid determining profiles from the 45 slits 5 shows the central Z 0 profile plus the profiles from Z 2 Z 1 Z 1 and Z 2 slits Ul F L H Selects the BeamMapC ColliMate heads profile display The grayed out button is the current selection The full contrast buttons are the alternative selections Jmportant will change to 1 2 3 4 in Q4 2000 The U or the V button selects the set of four u or v profiles in the sequential planes 3 plane ColliMate heads The F M L H buttons select the First Middle Last and High resolution last pairs of u v
97. tly focused laser beams It saves setup time and ensures accurate repeatable results If the BeamMap head is moved in z it can give unambiguous indication of when the beamwaist position is at the central measurement plane If all assemblies are to be set to the same focus place the central measurement plane at the design focus or at the focus of a golden reference unit and adjust all assemblies to the same focus quickly and easily Problem 2 Tunnel slits The Rayleigh Range of a tightly focused laser beam can be as low as 2 0 um 400 nm f 1 optics 1 focused beam diameter 1 um The Rayleigh Range is the distance from the focus at which the beam increases its diameter by V2 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 1 3 1 2 Introduction The actual slits in standard slit scanners can actually have a large depth in the z direction they are three dimensional slits with partially reflective sidewalls This reduces the accuracy of the focus determination The air slits conventionally employed are 12 5 or 25 um thick in z direction or 6 um thick for the best available air slits To a tightly focused beam they look like a reflective tunnel rather than a two dimensional slit Custom developed True2D slits allow accurate profiling of very tightly focused beams True2D rough wall Slit tunnel slit These new metallic film slits defined using high resolution optical lithography c
98. torial Check the Lock w Password box to lock the criteria The box below appears Remember the Password It you change it it cannot be retrieved If you put in the wrong password the box shown right will appear At the time of writing the master password is peanuts all lower case If at some later time this does not work contact DataRay X Call for master passwor X Set new password Wrong password 0 0 0 0 3 1 Cancel Q Right click on any result area of the screen to open Pass Fail parameters dialog box Unless you have good reason or good color sense it is suggested that you stay with the default values Lack Custom button colors select E X Custom button colors press colors to change Fralfiles Clip level Gaussian Grid BackGround eu FFFFFF to defaults Cancel Q Note particularly that If the software determines or suspects a result to be invalid for whatever reason the numbers will appear in white An example of suspects is when the profile peak 15 gt 100 saturated lt 10 in either case the results will appear white as a warning If you wish to highlight a particular set of numbers change the background color Ensure that it is not a color that is too close to the text colors or the visual contrast will wash out BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 3 13 Quick Start T
99. troid and fine adjusting the centroid position When the beam 1 outside the selected radius the indicator will appear to be stuck on the appropriate edge or corner For accurate measurement the beam centroid should normally within the 500 um radius Screen Choose the Reverse X axis sign or Reverse Y axis sign to do precisely that If you mount the head from its rear rotation Quick Start Tutorial Reverse x axis sign Reverse Y axis sign Scan head is Fixed rotating 4 Set Fixed head mounting angle defFaulk 0 Mono display Wander display radius Auto Wander display radius 10 microns Wander display radius 20 microns Wander display radius 50 microns Wander display radius 100 microns Wander display radius 200 microns Wander display radius 500 microns Wander display radius 1000 microns mount then deselect Scan head is fixed Wander display radius 2000 microns non rotating Wander display radius 5000 microns Selecting Set fixed head mounting angle default 0 opens a Parameter input box which allows you to do precisely that This is useful if e g you employ a 45 block to set the u v axes square to an optical table Zero XY Z or is a button that toggles between Absolute centroid and Relative centroid Pressing Z A the keyboard gives the same result If you select Z it resets the relative centroid to the current centroid position whatever that might
100. us can be a truly frustrating exercise Setting multiple assemblies to the identical focus in a production environment can be costly If the assembly will not adjust correctly you have no real time indication of what the problem might be 1 2 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Introduction Solution BeamMap enables you to measure and correct these beam focus and alignment errors It measures the beam in multiple planes If these planes are around the focus position even when not at the focus BeamMap can Measure axial misalignment pointing Indicate the current focus direction Estimate the beamwaist diameter at the focus Q Estimate the off axis distance of the focus Estimate M and or beam divergence Do all this in real time When the central measurement plane is positioned in the focal plane these estimates become measurements of Focus position in z X Y position and angle Beam waist diameter and irradiance Beam Quality and or beam divergence With sub micron repeatability ata 4 Hz update rate for real time adjustment With respect to BeamMap axes or a user defined reference The standard head has 250 um plane spacing 50 and 100 um spacing is available for very tightly focused beams 500 um for diverging beams 3 or 4 planes at several mm spacing for collimated beams The BeamMap measurement head is the only commercially available multi plane head for tigh
101. utorial 3 2 9 Checking Global selections applies the selected items to all the profiles Log 3098 made Choose Linear or Logarithmic profile display modes Both Log 40dB mode linear modes set the baseline to zero to compensate for ambient lighting and preamplifier offset on a dynamic basis Thin line made Linear normalized normalizes the profile to 10096 and 1s Thick line made the default display mode Log modes are useful for assessing Fill made structure and ghosts in the wings Enter intensity multiplier Q Choose Thin or Thick Line and Fill mode to choose how the profile is displayed The latter modes are particularly Show clip levels useful when adjusting a laser assembly and observing the Show Gaussian Fit display monitor from across the test bench or when saving Show Top Hat Fit the screen data for a presentation Enter intensity multiplier opens a dialog box that allows Show scale grids you to multiply the Enter value to multiply intensity profile with EE GEO OM display profile in order profile colors to see detail in the 7 deo 18 wings It only changes the display not the amplifier gain To Foam 2 change the gain see Gain Lock and Change in Section 34 Zoom 5 Zoom B5 Show clip levels Show Gaussian fit and Show scale zoom es Change Profile Display Right click on any 1D profile area to open the display selection box shown here Defaults settings are as shown grids allow you to c
102. x App BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 A 1 Appendices APPENDIX A FUNCTION REQUEST FORM To DataRay Inc Fax 303 494 1431 Please answer the questions on this form to request suggest a software and or hardware upgrade Fax the completed form to DataRay We will normally give an initial response within five working days Your Name Organization Email 1 What is the request suggestion What exactly would this do 2 What equations and or parameters does this function use 3 How do you want the results displayed and or printed 4 Please briefly describe the beam that you are trying to measure Wavelength Must be CW for BeamMap Beam R ColliMate Mean Power Beam l e diameter mm Other A 2 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Appendices APPENDIX B M SQUARED AND ITS MEASUREMENT 1 Why Care about M Squared There are several possible reasons for understanding M squared M and wanting to measure its value for a laser system Itis the QA delivery or acceptance criterion on a laser or laser system Q You are attempting to understand why your focused laser spot diameter is larger than calculation predicted You are tasked with measuring and or somebody gave you a copy of the ISO 11146 standard F Q Because is an invariant property of a laser beam propagating through an optical system may therefore be used to describe the beam at any
103. you will often find your answer Centroid position in X Z The large gray target has a user chosen diameter and shows the region around the Relative centroid user defined or the Absolute centroid head defined based upon the Xc Yc values X amp Y are the conventional axes where X is horizontal and Y is vertical The U V axes are the axes measured by the 45 slit pair s Standard BeamMap measures profiles along the X U and V axes for the central plane and along the X axis only for the outer planes Zero Beam R and ColliMate heads measure profiles along U V axes The 30 pixel diameter circle shows the beam centroid in relation to the Absolute head centroid reference established at the time the instrument was calibrated The 15 pixel diameter circle shows the beam centroid in relation to the last selected Relative centroid The ellipse on the bottom line shows the calculated distance of the actual focus from the zero plane of the instrument The scale is the same as that of the centroid display The circles and the ellipse are always the to the part of the target on which they sit 3 6 BeamMap Beam R ColliMate BeamScope P7 Right click on the target area to open the box shown right The defaults are as shown Select a specific Wander display radius XX microns to lock the centroid display to a particular radius This is particularly useful if you are using relative cen

User Manual - Laser 2000

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents