USER'S GUIDE
Contents
1. received in order to avoid problems in future as no claims shall be accepted if the material has been already installed If problems are observed do not accept the consignment and contact your supplier Control of the surface Be sure that You are pleased with the material to be installed and that it has no evident or visible defects If such problems are detected do not start installing and contact your supplier immediately No claims shall be accepted if material has been already installed If tiles show color shade variation it is convenient to spread a 3 or 4 sqmt surface and to mix tiles of different boxes in order to make a correct evaluation Installation surface Be sure that ceramic material is installed on a levelled flat and hard surface and that it is completely clean and dry Adhesive All our porcelain stones must be installed using adhesives indicated for very low absorption materials Special adhesives of latex modified type should be applied in outside installations and in areas subject to sharp temperature changes under floor heating to guarantee material adhesion and to absorb the expansion differences 5 Back to the index between the substrate and the ceramic material In order to have a better guidance you should contact adhesive manufacturers Grouts It is advisable to use flexible materials which should be able to absorb the expansion differences between your porcelain stone and the substrate Due to the microporo2. Due to this in all cases where material is not rectified there might be small differences seen in the finishes of the edges between the edges cut and the original pressed edges This is very important to evaluate before installing the tiles BEFORE INSTALLATION Caliper Ceramic tiles suffer important contractions during the firing process As they are manufactured with natural raw materials such contractions are not constant and tiles of different sizes are obtained For this reason material is divided into groups of established sizes which constitute the different calipers You may find in the corresponding Annex the tables indicating the sizes of each caliper for each format If several models are to be combined it is very important to verify all of them have the same caliper as otherwise problems shall arise during installation Rectified products have only one caliper and they are identified on the cartons with the 39 66 39 66 39 66 oe 99 words single caliper monocalibre s c mec or Shades Just like with sizes tiles also change in pattern color and movement Such variations give rise to the different shades With each new production run there appear new shades which are identified on the cartons with two numbers and two letters i e 27AB Such shades shall be similar to those obtained in previous productions but they shall never be equal therefore it is necessary to buy all the material to be in
3. ILVA Z7 USER S GUIDE Pilar November 2006 INDEX Introduction Choice of Material Before Installation During Installation After Installation Maintenance Shade Variation Index Shade Variation and PEI Ilva Calipers Multisize Installation Pag 2 Pag 3 Pag 4 Pag 6 Pag 7 Pag 8 Pag 9 Pag 10 Pag 12 Pag 14 Back to the index a INTRODUCTION Ilva S A manufactures polished natural and glazed porcelain tiles at its plant located at the Industrial Park Pilar Provincia de Buenos Aires Argentina Since Ilva S A started its activities in 1992 it stood out for the excellence of its products both from the technical and aesthetic point of view and became a world class company regarding technology and quality of products offered Ilva S A operates under the Quality Management System based on the ISO 9001 Standard since 1998 Our experience in the market shows that as the ceramics industry develops it is necessary to incorporate new knowledge both for the purchase and for the installing and maintenance of ceramic floors and walls The purpose of this Guide is to provide customers and sales agents with the neccesary information in order to obtain the best results possible Be sure to contact us regarding any additional information you might need and visit our site on Internet www ilva com ar or contact us via e mail at info ilva com ar or call to 54 2322 529000 We hope You may find this Guide useful to achieve
4. ain Andes Otto 3 Technical Porcelain Andes Traful 3 11 Back to the index a ILVA CALIPERS NON RECTIFIED MATERIALS Caliper Nominal Size Minimum Nominal Maximum Minimum Nominal Maximum Minimum Nominal Maximum Minimum Nominal Maximum Minimum Nominal Maximum PIETRA TRAVERTINE OPERA amp ELEMENTI SERIES RECTIFIED Single Caliper 34 x 34 44 x 44 Minimum 336 5 436 5 S C Nominal 337 0 437 0 Maximum 337 5 437 5 LANDSCAPES SERIES RECTIFIED 25x50 Single Caliper 34x34 50x50 25x25 Lado 25 Lado 50 Minimum 336 5 495 0 245 9 245 9 495 S C Nominal 337 0 495 5 246 2 246 2 495 5 Maximum 337 5 496 0 246 5 246 5 496 12 Back to the index CREMA MARFIL SERIES PO OR UP RECTIFIED Single Caliper 35x35 50x50 S C Minimum 345 00 495 00 Nominal 345 25 495 25 Maximum 345 50 495 50 PIETRA PATAGONICA amp ANDES SERIES RECTIFIED Single Caliper 35 x 35 50 X 50 S C Minimum 345 0 495 0 Nominal 345 5 495 5 Maximum 346 0 13 496 0 Back to the index a MULTISIZE INSTALLATION When installing multisized tiles from ILVA Series please keep the following aspects in mind Shade Shades from different sizes must be compatible It is recommended to combine same shades and production runs In the cas
5. an entirely satisfactory installation Back to the index a CHOICE OF MATERIAL Characteristics of porcelain tiles Porcelain stone has stood out from any other products existing in the market because of its extraordinary technical and aesthetic characteristics given by a complete vitrification v High breaking strength Y Minimum water absorption Y Frost resistance Y Resistance to chemical attack v High impact resistance Y Stain resistance Ilva S A manufactures two different kinds of porcelain tiles glazed porcelain tiles and technical porcelain tiles The surface of glazed tiles is covered by a layer of glaze that provides the aesthetical look and technical characteristics Technical porcelain tiles full body colored keep the patterns all over their thickness allowing a wide range of aesthetic posibilities and three different finishes natural antiqued and polished Shade variation In order to resemble natural stones products have been developed to show significant differences between tiles within the same shade lot The level of color shade variation is the parameter which shows the variation which can be expected for a particular product A scale from V1 to V4 is applied the first showing minimal differences among tiles and the latter random color differences from tile to tile so that one tile may have totally different colores from that on other tiles A deep explanation on this subject can be read in the Colo
6. e this results to be imposible control the shading variation of the tiles previous to the installation Joint in non rectified series the caliper in the smaller sized tile must be the same or smaller than the caliper in the bigger size If this equation is not possible please don t combine the sizes Examples 7 x7 caliper 0 combining with 14 x14 caliper 0 7 x7 caliper 0 combining with 14 x14 caliper 1 Don not combine 7 x7 caliper 1 with 14 x14 caliper 0 Recommended Joint Min 1mm Max 5mm Same caliper Min Imm Max 3 5mm When smaller size has a smaller Min 2mm Max 5mm caliper than the bigger tile In Rectified Series Ilva recommends a joint of 2mm 14
7. ed as this is the main cause for the popping up of tiles Depending on the kind of adhesive it is necessary to wait for drying during a determined period in general 72 hours before grouts are filled Consult your adhesive supplier for this information Inscriptions with markers It is advisable to avoid the drawing of lines or inscriptions with markers in the front side of non glazed porcelain stones as it may be difficult to clean If necessary drawing shall be carried out on the back side of tiles Boxes should be kept in good conditions This is a fundamental requirement which must be fulfilled in order to be able to attend to eventual claims Proper care during installation In order to protect the surface of the tiles after installation we recommend to put a protective cover paper cartons over the tiles until the construction job is finished AFTER INSTALLATION Initial Cleaning All grout and construction dirt should be removed from the surface of the tiles In most cases our tiles can be cleaned succesfully by scrubbing the installaton with hot water and a neutral detergent If the grout material remains hydrochloric acid diluted at 10 or other products recommended by the grout manufacturers may be used but work should be done carefully as in general this kind of products also affect grouts and marbles Eye protection is recommended Back to the index MAINTENANCE Cleaning Cleaning of all Ilva floors and tiles glazed pol
8. ished or natural must be carried out by using water and floor detergents combined with disinfectants or perfumes if desired To make cleaning easier all spills should be cleaned as soon as possible Allow the detergent to act on the soil load for a few minutes before cleaning After removing all the detergent rinse thoroughly with clean water Waxes Waxes or top finishes are not recommended as they form a coating that deteriorates the floor aspect and entraps dirt making it more difficult to clean If You wish to apply such products it is advisable to remove them from time to time with the products marketed by the same companies Abrasives It is specially recommended to avoid the use of abrasives for the cleaning of polished porcelain stones In order to keep their shine it is convenient to keep them free from abrasive dirt such as sand In public places it is convenient to put carpets for scraping sand off shoes at the entrance in order to avoid the carrying of abrasives from outside which may damage the surface of tiles Stainability problems All materials of every and any nature natural stone marble granite wood metal rubber plastic glazed and non glazed ceramics present a superficial microporosity In Ilva products such microporosity is practically null however polished porcelain stone is treated with a hydrorepellent sealer to minimize eventual stainability problems Customer may repeat the procedure or apply the product over no
9. n polished tiles mainly when the tiles are used in areas that are prone to excesive spills such as printer s installations or when light in color tiles are installed with dark colored grout or vice versa A proper penetrating sealer which fills the pores making the tiles impervious to surface staining should be used Ilva seals the polished tiles with the Fila MP 90 penetrating sealer made in Italy Consult our technical department before carrying out such application Resistance to chemical attack Our tiles are resistant to strong acid and alkaline products except for the hidrofluoric acid which attacks all kind of glass or glaze We specially recommend to avoid aplication of this acid or its salts and derivatives Back to the index a SHADE VARIATION INDEX Manufacturers have directed their development efforts to make ceramic tiles that resemble natural stones and in many cases they have succeeded as it is difficult to distinguish between ceramic tiles and natural stones So it stands to reason that the more that ceramic tile looks like stone the more it acquires natural stone characteristics such as color texture and shade variations The situation given it was necessary to inform customer about the grade of color shade variation he could expect from the product he was buying and then the american Ceramic Tile Distributor s Association CTDA published the Color Shade Variation Guide which includes a grading of materials for floors
10. r Shade Variation Guide included hereinafter Frost Resistance At present Ilva S A only manufactures porcelain stones and therefore all our tiles can be installed outside including areas sobject to extreme temperatures It should be taken into account that as the trims have a high water absorption they should not be installed outside Wear resistance A scale called PEI which indicates the areas where a special model can be installed considering the traffic has been established for the glazed products This scale goes from 1 to 5 being the latter the strongest You can find the PEI index of all our products in a table included hereinafter Non glazed porcelain stones are not included in this scale but they have a very high resistance because of their great hardness and their full colored body Attention should be paid only to polished porcelain stones avoiding abrasive environments which may cause loss of shine Back to the index Slip Resistance Only Pietra Patag nica y Marmi Strutturato series are suitable for exterior horizontal surfaces Polished tiles are not recommended for wet areas or areas where water may accumulate Possible differences between displays and material actually received by customer Tiles on display show the material customer can expect Pattern shade and movement can change as compared to displayed products Sizes obtained from cuts Both sizes 7 x7 and 7 x14 are obtained from cutting 14 x14 field tiles
11. rcelain Glazed amp Rectif Porcelain Glazed amp Rectif Porcelain Glazed amp Rectif Porcelain Glazed amp Rectif Porcelain Glazed amp Rectif Porcelain Glazed amp Rectif Porcelain Glazed amp Rectif Porcelain Glazed amp Rectif Porcelain Glazed amp Rectif Porcelain Series Amadeus Amadeus Amadeus Marmol Travertino Fiorentino Fiorentino Fiorentino Paesina Paesina Paesina Paesina Paesina Oxide Oxide Oxide Oxide Pietre Travertine Pietre Travertine Pietre Travertine Pietre Travertine Opera Opera Opera Elementi Elementi Elementi Elementi Landscapes Landscapes Landscapes 10 Product Linz Salzburgo Viena Marmol Travertino Fiorentino Rosso Fiorentino Beige Fiorentino Verde Bosco Notte Platino Quarzo Sabbia Chrome Iron Tin Yttrium Travertine Beige Travertine Bianco Travertine Noce Trevertine Rosso Aida Carmen Tosca Acqua Aria Fuoco Terra Beach Forest Meadow V Grade BRA NNNNNNNNNNNWWWWNNNNYNFHKHK NNN PEI BHAHHHAMAHANAAnaAranknAhHFhPaAnPP HPHPHHHPHAHLA Back to the index Technical Series Product V Grade PEI Characteristics Tech Porc ANT PO or UP Crema Marfil Crema Marfil 2 Technical Porcelain Pietra Patag nica Cardiel 3 Technical Porcelain Pietra Patag nica Esquel 3 Technical Porcelain Pietra Patag nica Huemul 3 Technical Porcelain Pietra Patag nica Mait n 3 Technical Porcelain Andes Bayo 3 Technical Porcelain Andes Lacar 3 Technical Porcel
12. sity all materials have it is possible that some grout materials especially the strongly colored ones present cleaning problems which get worse when there is a great contrast between the tiles and the grout In order to avoid these eventual stainability problems we recommend to carry out tests by applying the grout on a piece of the material and using colors which are similar to those of the tiles Before applying grout it is advisable to spread a thin wax coat over the surface of the tiles in order to make their cleaning easier Wax should not be spread on porcelain stone s edges as it may render the adhesion of grout difficult As with adhesives it is convenient to consult grout manufacturers Back side glaze Tiles have a white refractory glaze at the back side which is used to avoid the adhesion of the tiles to kiln s rollers during firing Such glaze does not represent any problem for installation DURING INSTALLATION Mixing Effect It is advisable to work at the same time with at least five cartons of porcelain stone in order to reproduce the aesthetic effect which was aimed for when the product was designed Previous Presentation Installing procedures similar to those of natural stones should be used in case of materials with color shade variations i e to combine tile by tile and verify the aesthetic effect It is important to point out that shade marks and the inscriptions on the back side of tiles do not suggest at all how the ins
13. stalled at the same moment and to make provisions for eventual substitutions to be made in the future in the event of repairs in piping which may render floor breaking necessary Quality Quality of material is printed on cartons with a 1 or PRI for first choice and a 2 or SEG for the second choice The selection of material is carried out in a visual way to determine its aesthetic aspect and in an electronic way to verify its dimensions and flatness International standards establish as acceptable a percentage of defects up to 5 in first choice materials Back to the index Marks During sorting material is divided into different choices first second and discard and shades majority secondary and third Such division is carried out by marking the tiles with crayons or stickers which are then detected by the packing machine For this reason it is possible to find first quality materials with marks because they may have corresponded to a secondary or tertiary shade majority shade is not marked In order to avoid doubts on this subject marks have been identified as follows 1 Choice 1 Choice 1 Choice Majority Shade Secondary Shade Tertiary Shade 2 Choice Discard Control of information printed on cartons at the moment of receipt The above paragraphs state the importance of coincidence among grade shade and caliper information printed on the cartons Such control must be carried out when the material is
14. tallation has to be done Tiles should be installed in accordance with the above mentioned procedure If anomalies are detected installation should be stopped immediately and you should contact your supplier as no claims shall be accepted if material is already installed Joint Minimum joint recommended in each material carton should be respected a 4 mm 1 6 grout is recommended for all glazed or unpolished tiles both rectified and non rectified For the polished tiles a minimum joint of 2 mm 1 12 is recommended to hide the small defects on the installation surface Your installer will know the proper procedure for the expansion joints Joints should be filled one by one never spreading the grout on the surface of the stone as this shall cause difficulties at cleaning specially with series which have a textured surface Back to the index Cuts Wet saws are generally used when cutting tiles It should be taken into account that when materials with beveled edges are cut the new edges shall not have bevel Eye protection should always be worn when cutting or drilling porcelain tiles Drills A diamond tip drill bit is used when drilling one that is specifically designed for cutting through ceramic tile marble granite stone or other dense materials using a drill with low speed It is necessary to keep the tile and the drill permanently lubricated Adhesive Adhesive s open time stated by the manufacturer should be carefully respect
15. within the following categories V1 UNIFORM APPEARANCE Differences among pieces of the same production run are minimal V2 SLIGHT VARIATION Clearly distinguishable differences in texture and or pattern within similar colors V3 MODERATE VARIATION While the colores present on a single piece of tile will be indicative of the colors to be expected on the other tiles the amount of colors on each piece may vary significantly For example that little bit of color on one piece may be the primary color on the next piece V4 RANDOM VARIATION Random color differences from tile to tile so that one tile may have totally different colors from that on the other tiles Thus the final installation will be unique V1 v2 v3 v4 a SHADE VARIATION AND PEI ON ILVA PRODUCTS Back to the index According to the shade variation index and ware resistance PEI Ilva products are classified as follows Technical Characteristics Glazed Porcelain Glazed Porcelain Glazed Porcelain Glazed Porcelain Glazed Porcelain Glazed Porcelain Glazed Porcelain Glazed Porcelain Glazed Porcelain Glazed Porcelain Glazed Porcelain Glazed Porcelain Glazed Porcelain Glazed Porcelain Glazed Porcelain Glazed Porcelain Glazed amp Rectif Porcelain Glazed amp Rectif Porcelain Glazed amp Rectif Porcelain Glazed amp Rectif Porcelain Glazed amp Rectif Po
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