User's Guide to AMS-TEX
Contents
1. following the address and current address if present with which it is paired URLs the addresses of home pages on the World Wide Web can be included using Nurladdr Nendurladdr They behave in the same manner as email addresses The thanks command is provided for acknowledgments of grant support and other kinds of support for the author s research or other general information not covered by one of the predefined tags such as keywords or subjclass The information will be printed as an unnumbered footnote at the bottom of the first page Like address thanks can be used more than once and is associated with a particular author In case a paper has not only an author but a translator translator is provided This information will be printed at the end of the paper in eight point roman as Translated by followed by the translator s name in uppercase The Ndedicatory command is used for such things as Dedicated to Professor X on the occasion of his eightieth birthday The dedication will appear in italics before the abstract The information for keywords and subjclass appears as unnumbered foot notes at the foot of the first page as in AMS journals In a monograph chapter they will not print at all since they should be handled separately as part of the front matter for the monograph By default for backward compatibility the 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification will be cited to specify the 2000 Mathematics2. diagup diagdown ltimes rtimes leftthreetimes rightthreetimes curlywedge curlyvee circleddash circledast Ncircledcirc Ncenterdot intercal geqq geqslant eqslantgtr gtrsim gtrapprox gtrdot geg gggtr gtrless gtreqless gtreqqless Neqcirc Ncirceq triangleq thicksim thickapprox supseteqq Supset sqsupset succcurlyeq curlyeqsucc succsim succapprox vartriangleright N N 1345 trianglelefteq 130F vDash 130E Vvdash 1360 smallsmile 1361 smallfrown 136C bumpeq 136D Bumpeq 135F varpropto 134A blacktriangleleft 1329 therefore bo WIA AR Negated relations 2304 nless 2302 nleq 230A nleqslant 2314 nleqq 230C lneq 2308 lneqq 2300 lvertneqq 2312 Mnsim 231A lnapprox 2306 nprec 230E npreceq 2316 precneqq 2310 precnsim 2318 precnapprox 231C nsim 232E nshortmid 232D nmid 2330 nvdash 2331 nVdash 2336 ntriangleleft 2335 ntrianglelefteq 232A nsubseteq 2322 nsubseteqq 2328 subsetneq 2320 varsubsetneq 2324 subsetneqq 2326 varsubsetneqq HORAN NRR A AR Ke 8 0 RAHAT ARAMA HAMA TATATATA MW 9 e Arrows 1312 leftleftarrows 131C leftrightarrows 1357 Lleftarrow 1311 twoheadleftarrow 131B leftarrowtail 1322 looparrowleft ltr un DWoo Sm TORU TU HU UIAA R RSN WR RYRYV HY RE KRV IV HV HV EV TRA TKK Pl eutu 1344 130D 2370 2371 1347 1374 237F 1349 132A 2305 2303 2
3. WinZip Click on Extract and then in the Extract to box enter sw texmf or whatever TEXMF is on your system gzip gzip dc amstex tgz cd TEXMF tar xvf unzip unzip amstex2 zip d TEXMF The bundled file may be deleted after unpacking If the files are obtained from CTAN where they are mirrored from the AMS server they are not in TDS order Use the above list to place the files into the proper location Note If you currently have any of the following files from very old releases of AmS TeX delete them before installing the new release They are either irrelevant or superseded in the new version of AMS T FX and it is best to remove them to avoid confusion If you back up your existing AMS T X files before installing the new version these files should be included amsfil chg amsplain tex amsppt mor amstex chg cyracc def cyrmemo def cyrmemo tex amsplain fmt The TFM files for some of AMSFonts 2 2 nsam msbm and eufm are needed to run AMS T X with the AMSPPT document style even if you don t plan to actually print anything using the AMSFonts These fonts are needed to pro cess and print the User s Guide of which this appendix is a part TFM files are available from the AMS web site www ams org tex amsfonts html or by anonymous FTP from ftp ams org They should be placed in the directory TEXMF fonts tfm ams B 3 What if Your TEX System Isn t in a TDS Tree If your TEgX system is arranged in some other
4. book Mathematical problems in the dynamics of a viscous incompressible fluid bookinfo 2nd rev aug ed publ Nauka publaddr Moscow yr 1970 lang Russian transl English transl of ist ed book The mathematical theory of viscous incompressible flow publ Gordon and Breach publaddr New York yr 1963 rev 1969 endref 26 USER S GUIDE TO AyyS TEX VERSION 2 2 ref key 7 by P D Lax and C D Levermore paper The small dispersion limit for the KdV equation rom I jour Comm Pure Appl Math vol 36 yr 1983 pages 253 290 finalinfo overview moreref paper rom II jour Comm Pure Appl Math vol 36 yr 1983 pages 571 594 moreref paper rom III jour Comm Pure Appl Math vol 36 yr 1983 pages 809 829 endref ref key 10 by S Osher paper Shock capturing algorithms for equations of mixed type inbook Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations eds S I Hariharan and T H Moulton publ Longman publaddr New York yr 1986 pages 305 322 endref ref key 17 by G S Petrov paper Elliptic integrals and their nonoscillatory behavior jour Funktsional Anal i Prilozhen vol 20 yr 1986 pages 46 49 transl nofrills English transl in jour Functional Anal Appl vol 20 yr 1986 endref USER S GUIDE TO A jS TEX VERSION 2 2 27 4 switch to a different references style refstyle A widestnumber key GHMR ref key C1 by B Coomes book Polynomia
5. input amstex documentstyle preamble commands such as define pageno Monograph NoRunningHeads loadbold etc topmatter title endtitle author endauthor affil endaffil address endaddress curraddr endcurraddr email endemail urladdr endurladdr thanks endthanks dedicatory enddedicatory date enddate translator endtranslator keywords endkeywords subjclass endsubjclass abstract endabstract endtopmatter document FIGURE 1 The beginning of an AMS T FX file The beginning of an AMS T X file should look something like what is shown in Figure 1 If any Vend tag is omitted or misspelled an error message will appear at endtopmatter or at the next blank line for example if you misspell endtitle the message will be something like Paragraph ended before title was com plete If you omit Nendtopmatter there won t be any error message but none of the topmatter material will print Tags should be omitted for any top matter elements for which there is no data if empty tags are included empty footnotes may appear on the first page or labels indicating addresses at the end of a paper If you have documents that were prepared for versions of AMS T X earlier than version 2 0 you may find the file amsppt1 tex useful By including the line Ninput amsppti immediately after the Ndocumentstyle line the topmatter commands and the sectioning commands that c
6. TEX Version 2 2 amsppt sti initialization options for the AA4S TEX 2 2 preprint style amsppt doc technical documentation for amsppt sty amsppt faq some frequently asked questions and answers about A4S TEX amsguide tex the source file for this User s Guide amstinst tex the source file for Installation Procedures appendices to this User s Guide amsppti tex a backward compatibility file for use with documents already completed using AMS TFX versions earlier than 2 0 joyerr tex errata to The Joy of TEX first edition joyerr2 tex errata to The Joy of TEX second edition amstex ini used in creating format files The file amsppt doc is an ASCII file and is not intended to be processed with TEX This documentation file is arranged in the same order as the macro file that it describes and explains the intent and mechanics of the macros in detail A separate file anstex doc documenting the file amstex tex is available on request In addition other files are used during installation For instructions on installing the AJ4S TEX macros and preprint style see Appendix B This appendix describes the installation process for TEX systems based on the TEX Directory Structure TDS and also gives suggestions for installation on other systems General Description of Changes AAAS TEX 2 0 the preprint style and their technical documentation are the result of a joint effort begun by Michael Spivak and extended by the Composition Technical Suppo
7. boldface type bf and the text in italic Nit The command proclaimfont is provided so that a user can change the text of a proclamation to slanted type if desired redefine proclaimfont sl It is conventional in mathematical publishing to use roman upright numbers and punctuation even in the midst of italic text to avoid visual conflicts with numbers and punctuation in adjacent math formulas Since dedicated mathematical text italic fonts containing roman numbers and punctuation are not currently available the amsppt preprint style provides a command rom to be applied inside theorems and other stretches of italic text to give the desired results For example to produce Proposition 2 5 Let 1 Sm be the components of a J holomorphic cusp curve S and suppose that each component S is a multiple covering of a regular curve and that Assumption 1 4a is satisfied you would use rom in the following places each component 8 i is rom a multiple covering of rom a regular curve and that Assumption rom 1 4a is satisfied As you can see rom is used like the math font command roman it applies to the next single character or the next group enclosed in braces USER S GUIDE TO AyyS TEX VERSION 2 2 9 Other Devices For a list produced by roster the amount of indentation can be adjusted to accommodate wide item numbers Just before beginning the roster type for example widestnumber item viii This adju
8. file joyerr tex contains the full list of errata for the first edition of The Joy of TEX for versions of AMS T FX earlier than version 2 0 joyerr2 tex contains the errata for the second edition A user who desires a typeset copy of this file may run it through TEX and print out the dvi file This will require Version 2 04 of AMS TEX and amsppt sty and also AMSFonts Version 2 0 users of AMSFonts Version 2 0 are strongly encouraged to upgrade to Version 2 2 Acknowledging the Use of Aj45 TEX The following are suggested as appropriate statements of acknowledgment that AAAS TEX has been used to format a document for publication It is not required that such an acknowledgment be made A single paper may include the following at the bottom of the first page Typeset by AMS TEX This notation is provided automatically by the AMS T X preprint style It can be suppressed by the command nologo in the preamble If an entire journal or book is prepared with AMS T X the following statement can be placed on its copyright page This journal book was typeset by AMS T X the TEX macro system of the American Mathematical Society If only selected papers in a journal or book are set with AMS T X these papers may be identified as shown above and the following may be placed on the copyright page AAM S TEX is the TEX macro system of the American Mathematical Society 24 USER S GUIDE TO A yS TEX VERSION 2 2 7 GETTING H
9. in 1991 interim updates are identified by changes in release date The present version 2 2 was released in August 2001 This User s Guide describes all the new and changed features from these versions and how to use them with further additions and revisions pertaining to the current release Topics are grouped by type and then presented in roughly the same order as they appear in The Joy of TEX This User s Guide assumes that you already have a copy of The Joy of TEX It contains references to specific sections that won t help you much if you don t have a copy It also assumes for the most part that you will be using the preprint style a set of macros that provides features specific to the formatting of a document such as headings page numbers and the like If you are planning to use the preprint style you will also need to have a copy of AMSFonts Version 2 2 The Joy of TEX Typeset by AJ4S TEX 2 USER S GUIDE TO AyyS TEX VERSION 2 2 and AMSFonts 2 2 are available from the American Mathematical Society and other distributors Files Comprising the AMS T X Version 2 2 package The following files are contained in the A 4S TEX Version 2 2 package distributed by the American Mathematical Society amstex tex the AMS TEX Version 2 2 macros amstex bug a chronicle of bug fixes to amstex tex and amsppt sty as well as known open bugs amssym tex macros defining the symbols in fonts msam and msbm amsppt sty the preprint style for AJ4S
10. it input can be typed as follows topcaption caption label optional caption text endcaption code for the table body The form of the input would be the following if the caption is to appear below code for the table body botcaption caption label optional caption text endcaption To avoid page breaking problems this form of insertion should be used only for very small objects Page Numbers If you are using the preprint style page numbers will appear in the running heads at the outside margin except for the first page where the running head will be omitted and the page number will be centered at the bottom of the page 12 USER S GUIDE TO AyyS TEX VERSION 2 2 If you wish to omit page numbers type WoPageNumbers in the preamble of the document after the Ndocumentstyle line The running head text will remain see also Running Heads You can get roman numeral page numbers e g for a table of contents or preface using the normal TEX convention of pageno plus a negative number Page Size and Line Spacing In the preprint style the default page width is 30pc and the default height is 50 5pc You can change the size of the page by typing pagewidth dimen pageheight dimen using suitable dimen s where by this notation we mean a valid TEX dimension as described in the Dimensions section of The Joy of TEX The spacing between lines in the preprint style is ordinarily 2pt greater than the nomi
11. mode and only when applied to uppercase letters This alphabet is part of the msbm font and can be made available by typing loadmsbm at the top of your file It is loaded automatically with the preprint style Bbb A Bbb C Bbb R etc A C R etc Poor Man s Bold AA4S TEX now has boldface versions of most math symbols However if you need only one or two bold symbols and have run out of TEX capacity for new fonts or font families you can always get a poor man s bold version of bold with pmb as described in Joy Bold Greek Letters Bold Greek letters both lowercase and uppercase can be obtained by using the boldsymbol construction as described in Bold Characters in Math Mode The upright uppercase bold Greek letters are part of the ordinary bold font and therefore extra font loading commands do not need to be used in order to get them However the lowercase and slanted uppercase bold Greek letters are not loaded automatically so you must specify loadbold before using them USER S GUIDE TO A yjS TEX VERSION 2 2 19 5 SYMBOL NAMES The symbols in the msam and msbm fonts have been assigned standard con trol sequence names as shown below All the symbol names are loaded automat ically by the preprint style if you are not using the preprint style the command NUseAMSsymbols will have the same effect This will add about 200 new control sequences to TEX s internal table If you are short on space or need only a few
12. of the symbols you can use a different approach to access just the ones you need See the section The newsymbol command below Special Symbols and Blackboard Bold Letters Certain symbols from the msam family can be specified by control sequences that will be defined as soon as the command loadmsam has appeared in the file First there are four symbols that are normally used outside of math mode Y checkmark B circledR A maltese yen These symbols like 1 and 1 can also be used in math mode and will change sizes correctly in subscripts and superscripts Next are four symbols that are delimiters although there are no larger versions obtainable with left and right so they must be used in math mode r q ulcorner urcorner L llcorner 3 Mrcorner Finally two dashed arrows are constructed from symbols in this family Note that one of them has two names it can be accessed by either one dashrightarrow dasharrow dashleftarrow The Blackboard Bold letters A Z appear in the msbm family Once loadmsbm has appeared in the file they can be typed in math mode as Bbb A Bbb Z The msbm family also contains wider versions of the widehat and widetilde as shown above in Mathematical Constructions The newsymbol Command All other symbols of the msam and msbm fonts must be named by control sequences so that they can be used in math mode only when the fonts are loaded This can b
13. oriented hyphenation exceptions were added These follow American not British rules An option was added in the preprint style that allows documents to be formatted as chapters of a monograph rather than as separate papers Finally some optional formatting features requested by JAA4S TEX users were added to the preprint style In version 2 1 the following changes were made 1 2 3 4 curraddr Nrom and linespacing were added Additional error conditions were identified and supplied with more infor mative messages A sporadic line breaking problem in the preprint style references section was remedied Some bugs introduced into the preprint style during the version 2 0 changes were found and eliminated Use of the Euler fonts other than medium Euler Fraktur was made more convenient The ability to use multiple thanks commands was added The Nproclaim font was changed from slanted to italic and proclaimfont provided so that users can change it if desired nologo was reinstated The installation instructions were revised and augmented The backward compatibility file amsppt1 tex was added These changes were made in the January 1997 release 1 2 3 4 Bugs reported since the release of version 2 1 were fixed urladdr was added linespacing was documented Bibliographic elements were added for Math Reviews CMP and AMS preprint server references Various changes were made to permit easier
14. relation A few symbols in these fonts replace symbols defined in plain tex by combina tions of symbols available in the Computer Modern fonts These are angle lt and hbar from the group Miscellaneous symbols and rightleftharpoons from the group Arrows below and Joy Appendix F The new symbols will change sizes correctly in subscripts and superscripts provided that you are using appropriate redefinitions In order to use newsymbol to replace an existing defini tion the name must first be undefined Here are the lines you must put in your file if you are not using the preprint style or NUseAMSsymbols which perform the redefinition automatically NundefineNangle newsymbol angle 105C undef ine hbar newsymbol hbar 207E undefine rightleftharpoons newsymbol rightleftharpoons 130A These symbols are flagged in the tables below with a U as a reminder that they must be undefined Note in the tables that some symbols are shown with two names In such cases either one can be used to access the symbol e Lowercase Greek letters F 207A digamma zx 207B Nvarkappa e Hebrew letters I 2069 beth J 206A gimel T 206B daleth e Miscellaneous symbols h 207E hbar U 1038 backprime h 207D hslash 203F varnothing A 134D vartriangle A 104E blacktriangle V 104F triangledown v 1048 blacktriangledown 1003 square M 1004 blacksquare 1006 lozenge 1007 blackl
15. to print amsguide ps Or you can use your newly created AA4S TEX or AMSPPT format file to typeset the file amsguide tex even if you print out this guide from another source we recommend using the file amsguide tex as a test to make sure that your newly installed A 4S TpX is working properly APPENDIX C BEFORE INSTALLING A jS TpX Facts ABOUT FONTS C 1 Using AMSFonts in PostScript Type 1 Form The AMSFonts Version 2 2 have been converted to PostScript Type 1 outlines in two forms The AMS web site www ams org tex typei fonts html holds the canonical distribution This is a collection containing all the typefaces but only in 5 7 and 10 point sizes other sizes must be created by scaling The AA4S TEX preprint style provides a way for authors to indicate that fonts should be loaded under this alternative scaling convention If you are using this version of AMSFonts insert the line PSAMSFonts in the preamble of your file before the topmatter line see section C 3 below for instructions on making this your local default Basil Malyshev has created a collection called BaKoMa containing the Com puter Modern fonts as well as all sizes of the AMSFonts used in mathematics but excluding the wncy cyrillic fonts The BaKoMa fonts can be used with no special action however for papers or monographs to be published by the AMS PSAMSFonts should be specified C 2 Using AMS Symbol Fonts The preprint style automatically loads the Fr
16. way you must consult the user documentation for guidance The hints that follow are just that hints If your TEX system documentation recommends something different you should follow that procedure We recommend placing AMS TFX files into distinct subdirectories or folders to simplify installation of future versions First determine where TEX will look for files to be input If amstex tex and amssym def are already present place the files listed in section B 2 under tex amstex base and tex plain amsfonts into those same areas If neither of these files is already present look for the file plain tex Create appropriate subdirectories under the area where you find this file for the new AMS T FX files If there isn t any obvious place to put source or documentation files the ones listed in section B 2 under source amstex and doc ams amstex you can put them in with the input files Consult the documentation for your TEX distribution Once all the files are installed you are ready to create a format file 30 USER S GUIDE TO AA4S TgX VERSION 2 2 B 4 Creating a Format File Every implementation of TEX uses format files to preload the macros fonts and hyphenation patterns that define basic user environments such as AMS T X Although it is not strictly necessary to use a format file for AMS T X preloading will save startup time especially on slower systems Note Each format file takes up 150K 300K of disk space depending on
17. your TEX implementation If your TEX system already includes the format file amstex fmt you may not have to create a new one recent changes to amstex tex are cosmetic and will not affect any math formatting features If the AMSPPT preprint style has been included in the format then new format file is in order We recommend using the name amsppt fmt for a format file with AMSPPT preloaded so that there is no question which is present see below Creating a format file also known as initialization requires a special version of TEX a particular switch or item in a menu Read the documentation for your TEX distribution to learn how to create a format file Before creating your format file you will want to consider whether you habitually use the AMSPPT document style If you use other document styles rarely or never then you would benefit from the use of a format file with amsppt sty preloaded If you are likely to use other document styles periodically then you probably do not want to preload amsppt sty To make a simple AMS T X format file proceed with the next paragraph To make a format file with amsppt sty preloaded edit the file amstex ini and remove the percent sign comment character at the beginning of the line 4 documentstyle amsppt just before the dump command Save this file with the name amsppt ini If you intend to use Type 1 outline versions of AMSFonts read Appendix C before proceeding Users of Texture
18. 30B 2315 230D 2309 2301 2313 231B 2307 230F 2317 2311 2319 231D 232F 232C 2332 2333 2337 2334 232B 2323 2329 2321 2325 2327 1313 131D 1356 1310 131A 1323 USER S GUIDE TO A yjS TEX VERSION 2 2 trianglerighteq Vdash shortmid shortparallel between pitchfork backepsilon blacktriangleright because ngtr ngeq ngeqslant ngeqq gneq gneqq gvertneqq gnsim gnapprox nsucc nsucceq succneqq succnsim succnapprox ncong nshortparallel nparallel nvDash nVDash ntriangleright ntrianglerighteq nsupseteq nsupseteqq supsetneq varsupsetneq supsetneqq varsupsetneqq rightrightarrows rightleftarrows Rrightarrow twoheadrightarrow rightarrowtail looparrowright USER S GUIDE TO A yjS TEX VERSION 2 2 23 130B leftrightharpoons 130A rightleftharpoons U 4 2378 curvearrowleft cy 2379 Ncurvearrowright 1309 circlearrowleft 1308 circlearrowright 1 131E Lsh P 131F Rsh TT 1314 upuparrows l 1315 downdownarrows 1 1318 upharpoonleft 1316 upharpoonright 1319 downharpoonleft restriction o 1328 multimap 1317 downharpoonright ev 1321 leftrightsquigarrow 1320 rightsquigarrow e Negated arrows 2338 nleftarrow 2339 nrightarrow lt 233A nLeftarrow 233B nRightarrow 233D nleftrightarrow 233C nLeftrightarrow 6 OTHER THINGS YOU OUGHT TO KNOW Errata to The Joy of TEX prior to AMS T X 2 0 The
19. ELP If you should find any bugs in the macros or documentation send a Problem Report to Technical Support American Mathematical Society P O Box 6248 Providence RI 02940 Phone 800 321 4AMS 4267 or 401 455 4080 E mail tech support ams org A Problem Report should contain the following information 1 version and date of amstex tex and of amsppt sty with which the problem occurred 2 a detailed description of the problem 3 a brief input file which includes the input code for one or more examples that illustrate the problem 4 a log file of the TEX session for the input file showing the problem REFERENCES Knuth Donald E The TgXbook Reading Addison Wesley 1986 Spivak Michael D The Joy of TEX 2nd revised edition American Mathematical Society Providence 1990 Instructions for Preparation of Papers and Monographs AA4S TEX version 2 2 American Mathematical Society Providence 2001 USER S GUIDE TO AmMS TFEX VERSION 2 2 25 APPENDIX A SAMPLE BIBLIOGRAPHY INPUT AND OUTPUT Refs ref key 4 assuming refstyle C by V I Arnol d A N Varchenko and S M Guse u i n Zade book Singularities of differentiable maps rom I publ Nauka publaddr Moscow yr 1982 lang Russian endref ref key 5 bysame book Singularities of differentiable maps rom II publ Nauka publaddr Moscow yr 1984 lang Russian endref ref key 6 by 0 A Ladyzhenskaya
20. SER S GUIDE TO AyyS TEX VERSION 2 2 In monographs the table of contents is usually treated as a separate chapter Start by typing the title Contents as for a preface or introduction and then use the toc endtoc structure as the body of the document rather than putting it in the topmatter as you would for a journal article topmatter title Contents endtitle endtopmatter document toc title Preface page vii endtitle title chapter 1 Matrix Algebras page 1 endtitle head Continuous complex valued functions page 1 endhead title Bibliography page 307 endtitle endtoc enddocument The chapter titles listed in the table of contents are typed in the same way as in actual use To get page numbers in the table of contents use page as shown just before the ending of an element This option is available for all levels of headings In a monograph using the preprint style the chapter title is used for the left running head and the text of section headings from head appears as the right running head It s not uncommon for the text of a heading to be too long to fit in the running head width in such a case use rightheadtext to specify a shortened form of the heading for use in the running heads head Fourier coefficients of continuous periodic functions of bounded entropy norm endhead rightheadtext Fourier coefficients of periodic functions This should follow immediately after the head to ensure that bo
21. Subject Classification enter subjclassyear 2000 subjclass endsubjclass The abstract heading Assrracr appears in caps and small caps in the same size eight point as the abstract itself A simple table of contents setup is available Tables of contents are typed in the topmatter along with everything else except for monographs see the section Book Formatting below using toc endtoc toc specialhead endspecialhead head endhead subhead endsubhead subsubhead endsubsubhead USER S GUIDE TO AyyS TEX VERSION 2 2 7 endtoc The syntax of the parts is identical to the syntax used for headings within the document see the sections Headings and Book Formatting below so that for those who wish to do so and have a capable text editor the table of contents can be constructed by extracting the relevant lines from the main text Page numbers aren t usually appropriate for the short table of contents that might appear in a journal article but if desired page numbers can be entered in a manner similar to that for a monograph see the section Book Formatting below The hanging indentation within a table of contents for head and subhead is preset to accommodate numbers of the form 1 and 1 1 respectively the amount of indentation can be adjusted by using widestnumber toc widestnumber head 10 widestnumber subhead 10 1 This can be done more than once within different section
22. User s Guide to AMS T X Version 2 2 August 2001 This publication was typeset using AMS T X the American Mathematical Society s TEX macro system Copyright 2001 by the American Mathematical Society All rights reserved Any material in this guide may be reproduced or duplicated for personal or educational use TEX is a trademark of the American Mathematical Society User s Guide to AMS T X Version 2 2 August 2001 CONTENTS Overview Formatting Features Mathematical Constructions Fonts Symbol Names Other Things You Ought to Know Getting Help References Appendix A Sample Bibliography Input and Output Appendix B Installation Procedures Appendix C Before Installing AMS T X Facts About Fonts DU Qr pU uoa 1 OVERVIEW AAAS TEX is a macro package for TEX designed to simplify the input of math ematical material and format the output according to preset style specifications Although the American Mathematical Society holds the copyright for JA JAS TEX its use is not restricted but is encouraged for the preparation of manuscripts in tended for publication both in the Society s books and journals and also in other mathematical literature Version 2 0 of AA4S TEX was released in 1990 concurrent with the publication of the second edition of The Joy of TEX It contained numerous minor improvements and bug fixes as well as some major changes involving additional fonts Version 2 1 was first released
23. aktur font eufm and both fonts of extra symbols msam and msbm as well as all the symbol names as described in the sections Fonts and Symbol Names If these will not be used and you want a version of amsppt sty that requires less memory than the default version you can suppress the loading of these resources If amsppt sty is to be included in your format file you must make this change before creating the format file See the next section for instructions C 3 Setting Local Default Options An initialization file amsppt sti contains settings for some options that a user may wish to change locally This file is read in automatically by amsppt sty Two lines in amsppt sti affect the inclusion of AMS symbol fonts loadeufm loadmsam loadmsbm message symbol names NUseAMSsymbolsNMnessaget l To use amsppt sty without AMSFonts comment out both lines place a at the beginning of each line to disable just the symbol names comment out the second line In either case remove the sign from the beginning of the line NdefineNsquare fNvrule width 6em height 5em depth 1em relax This is required for using Nqed to indicate end of proof Extra math symbols can be loaded on demand with newsymbol or by including UseAMSsymbols in the preamble of a particular document In order to make the Type 1 versions of the AMSFonts as distributed from the AMS web site your local default activate the line 4NPSAMSFonts by removing the s
24. cal Methods for Partial Differential Equations S I Hariharan and T H Moulton eds Longman New York 1986 pp 305 322 G S Petrov Elliptic integrals and their nonoscillatory behavior Funk tsional Anal i Prilozhen 20 1986 46 49 English transl in Func tional Anal Appl 20 1986 1 B Coomes Polynomial flows symmetry groups and conditions sufficient for injectivity of maps Ph D thesis Univ Nebraska Lincoln 1988 2 The Lorenz system does not have a polynomial flow J Differential Equations to appear GHMR J Guckenheimer P Holmes M Martineau and L P Robinson Nonlinear oscillations dynamical systems and bifurcations of vector fields Springer Verlag New York 1983 APPENDIX B INSTALLATION PROCEDURES B 1 Introduction The AMS T X software can be used with any implementation of TEX Many TeX distributions include AA4S TEX ready to run check the documentation that came with the TEX distribution you are using When a new version of AJ4S TEX is released all distributors are notified so if your TEX system is up to date it is likely that you don t need to do anything at all Most up to date TEX installations are organized according to the TEX Directory Structure TDS This is a tree structure whose root is identified as something like usr local share texmf or c sw texmf In the following instructions we will use the name TEXMF to identify the root directory of a TDS or similar
25. customization a Command names were given to fonts and dimensions used in various environments 1Like this 4 USER S GUIDE TO A yS TEX VERSION 2 2 b Changeable end of document processing was split out and associated with a new command name c The output routine was simplified d Initialization options that a user might want to suppress to save space were moved into a separate file amsppt sti 5 Page dimensions were changed in the preprint style to match the current AMS publication specifications 6 The mechanism for loading AMSFonts was changed to make it easier for a user to specify the use of a PostScript outline version 7 The installation instructions were updated and augmented These changes were made in version 2 2 1 Bugs reported since the release of version 2 1 were fixed 2 The requirement to acknowledge use of A 4S TEX was removed and the copyright statement and restriction notice is no longer printed out on the terminal every time A 4S TpX starts up 3 The installation instructions were completely revised and based on the TEX Directory Structure TDS used by most current TEX distributions 4 a subjclassyear command was provided to allow a particular version of the Mathematics Subject Classification to be cited This User s Guide This User s Guide has been prepared using AMS T X Version 2 2 with the preprint style Some changes have been made font and dimension settings have been reset the
26. dicate the original language for papers where bibliographic information has been translated or there is some other reason to believe that the original language cannot be correctly identified from information in the reference Sometimes several references are combined into one for example parts of a long paper that have been published separately Another type of compound reference is a work cited both in the original and in translation There are commands moreref and trans1 to handle such situations After moreref and trans1 any of the normal reference tags can be used again moreref is used for citing e g part II of an article the moreref command is followed by the desired additional tags and data For example moreref paper rom II jour Comm Pure Appl Math vol 36 yr 1983 pages 571 594 endref When using trans1 a note that describes the translation is normally entered between trans1 and the next tag The tags and data for the translated work then follow For example transl English transl publ Birkh auser publaddr Basel yr 1985 endref Automatic punctuation will be omitted if the pertinent field was included but left blank Otherwise the command nofrills can be used to keep automatic punctuation from appearing For example bookinfo nofrills suppresses the comma or other punctuation that would normally be added at the end of the bookinfo information nofrills also suppresses other automatic forma
27. e done all at once by typing the instruction NUseAMSsymbols which will load in the file amssym tex This instruction is included in the preprint style so the names are assigned automatically which requires over 200 control sequences If you are very short on space for control sequence names and need only a few of these symbols you can omit NUseAMSsymbols Instead assign only the names you will need by using a new AA4S TEX control sequence Nnewsymbol to create a control sequence that will properly produce this symbol The control sequence can be either the standard name as listed below or one of your own choosing The list of symbols below shows for each symbol the symbol itself a four character ID and the standard name of the symbol The first character of the ID identifies the font family in which a symbol resides Symbols from the msam 20 USER S GUIDE TO AyyS TEX VERSION 2 2 family have 1 as the first character symbols from the msbm family have 2 as the first character For example the symbol appears as 230A nleqslant To produce a control sequence with this name the instruction newsymbol nleqslant 230A appears in the file amssym tex This same instruction can be typed by a user who is not using the preprint style and has chosen not to load all the symbol names by UseAMSsymbols Thereafter the control sequence nleqslant will produce the symbol in math mode and will act properly as a binary
28. eft hand running heads and the text of the current section heading from head ap pears in the right hand running heads In chapters that don t contain any heads for example a foreword both the left and right hand running heads will contain the chapter title By default running heads will be uppercase This is a frill that can be turned off by nofrills e g USER S GUIDE TO AmMS TFEX VERSION 2 2 13 rightheadtext nofrills Text of Running Head If for some reason you don t want running heads at all type NoRunningHeads in the preamble of the document after the documentstyle line When running heads are omitted page numbers will appear centered at the bottom of the page And even those can be turned off using NoPageNumbers In a monograph if you don t want the text from the section heads to appear in the running heads you must redefine the internal command headmark that is used by head to set the right hand running head To do this put the following line in your document file after Monograph and before topmatter redef ine headmark 1 where the 1 is an argument number as explained in Joy in the description of define and related commands Tables There are no special macros to support the creation of tables in A S TpX Plain TEX s Nsettabs command and halign can also be used see The TEXbook for documentation of their usage More sophisticated table macro packages are available from other so
29. hanged in form will work in the original way Other than that there should be few incompatibility problems with previous versions Note The use of amsppti tex is discouraged except for processing preexisting files For multi line titles affiliations authors or dedications basically everywhere that lines are centered individually rather than being set in paragraphs line breaks are obtained by using In other parts of the topmatter which are set in paragraph form line breaks are obtained by linebreak The title will be set in uppercase To turn off the automatic uppercasing use 6 USER S GUIDE TO AmMS TFEX VERSION 2 2 the nofrills option title nofrills endtitle Each author is tagged separately followed by address es and other information associated with that author Normally the address given with address is the address of the author at the time the research was being done if the author s address at the time of publication is different the current address should be given with curraddr This should be entered immediately following the address for the same author If a curraddr is not paired with an address the current address will not print Electronic mail addresses can be tagged Nemail Nendemail Like curraddr every email address must be paired with a regular Naddress otherwise the e mail address will not print The email address will be printed at the end of the paper as E mail address net address
30. ign from the beginning of the line 32
31. insertion body endinsert Here the notation dimen means a valid TEX dimension as described in the Di mensions section of The Joy of TEX If a bottom caption was desired topcaption would be replaced by botcaption and the vspace command or the optional code for the insertion body would be moved before the botcaption macro The vspace dimen option would be used to leave blank space for an object to be pasted into place The value of the dimen should be the exact height of the object to be pasted in because extra space around the object and the caption are dependent on the document style and will be provided automatically The captionwidth dimen option may be used to override the default cap tion width specified by the document style The caption label is something like Figure 1 or Table 2a Do not type any final punctuation it will be provided The caption label will be set in caps and small caps The optional caption text is any descriptive text that may be desired The preprint style will set this in roman Even if there is no text the Nendcaption tag must be present If you choose to include the TEX code for a figure table or other captioned object in the input then omit the vspace command and type the code where appropriate before Nbotcaption or after the endcaption of topcaption Sometimes a table is small enough that it is not necessary to put it in an insert If the caption is to appear above
32. l flows symmetry groups and conditions sufficient for injectivity of maps bookinfo Ph D thesis Univ Nebraska Lincoln yr 1988 endref ref key C2 bysame B Coomes paper The Lorenz system does not have a polynomial flow jour J Differential Equations toappear endref ref key GHMR by J Guckenheimer P Holmes M Martineau and L P Robinson book Nonlinear oscillations dynamical systems and bifurcations of vector fields bookinfo fields can be left blank publ Springer Verlag publaddr New York yr 1983 endRefs 28 10 IT C C USER S GUIDE TO AA4S TgX VERSION 2 2 REFERENCES V I Arnol d A N Varchenko and S M Gusein Zade Singularities of differentiable maps I Nauka Moscow 1982 Russian Singularities of differentiable maps II Nauka Moscow 1984 Russian O A Ladyzhenskaya Mathematical problems in the dynamics of a vis cous incompressible fluid 2nd rev aug ed Nauka Moscow 1970 Russian English transl of 1st ed The mathematical theory of vis cous incompressible flow Gordon and Breach New York 1963 rev 1969 P D Lax and C D Levermore The small dispersion limit for the KdV equation I Comm Pure Appl Math 36 1983 253 290 overview IL Comm Pure Appl Math 36 1983 571 594 III Comm Pure Appl Math 36 1983 809 829 S Osher Shock capturing algorithms for equations of mixed type Nu meri
33. macros for headings have been redefined to produce a result more suited to documentation and some ad hoc macros have been defined to simplify the presentation of particular information However in general this document and the file from which it was produced illustrate the general appearance and input for a preprint with running heads Printing the output of TEX for this Guide re quires AMSFonts Version 2 0 or later users of AMSFonts Version 2 0 are strongly encouraged to upgrade to Version 2 2 2 FORMATTING FEATURES Formatting documents prepared with AMS T X is accomplished by a style file The features described here are part of the preprint style The JAA4S TEX preprint style Version 2 2 will format an input file in a manner suitable for a paper in a journal unless the style of a Monograph is explicitly selected Unless noted otherwise the journal style is the style described below Top Matter Some commands affect the appearance of a whole document Such commands should go at the top of your input file right after the documentstyle line and before the topmatter line This area will be referred to as the preamble Com mands that should be in the preamble include Ndefine NTagsOnRight and the like NoPageNumbers NoRunningHeads Monograph pagewidth pageheight pageno and commands that load fonts The preamble is relevant to any docu ment whether paper or monograph USER S GUIDE TO A yS TEX VERSION 2 2 5
34. mbols ink 1 c OS WM ae EL E to give a ee CD Df owe 3325 But bold cannot be used to get bold versions of these symbols bold will give only the ordinary etc The bold and will be binary operators like the ordinary and symbols the bold will be a binary relation like the ordinary etc e With letters boldkey a boldkey z 01 22 boldkey A boldkey Z Az Notice that these are bold math italic letters as opposed to the bold text letters a z A Z that you get by using bold in math mode e With numerals boldkey 0 boldkey 9 0 9 However these combinations simply give the same numerals that you get with bo1d0 bold9 The Nboldsymbol construction can be used in any of the following combinations e With uppercase and lowercase Greek letters boldsymbol Gamma boldsymbol Omega r 0 boldsymbol varGamma boldsymbol varOmega I Q boldsymbol alpha boldsymbol omega Q W In versions of A 4S TpX earlier than 2 0 bold unslanted uppercase Greek letters T Q were specified by boldGamma boldOmega these control sequences have now disappeared e For convenience Nboldsymbol may also be followed by a letter but not by a numeral or other character giving the same result as Nboldkey e You can also apply Nboldsymbol to all the other standard symbols that are specified by single control sequences For exam
35. n font families in math mode eight are already defined by plain TEX before AMS TEX begins and the preprint style loads three more msam msbm and eufm for a total of eleven For this reason you should load additional fonts with care requesting only those you know for certain you will need All the fonts described here and some others as well are included in the collec tion AMSFonts Version 2 2 which is available from the AMS and other distributors The math fonts mentioned here are all supplied in sizes from five through ten point suitable for use in mathematical text If you intend to use the AMSFonts in PostScript Type 1 outline form see Ap pendix C Bold Characters in Math Mode Bold letters are obtained by bold as described in Joy In addition bold symbols italic and lowercase Greek can be obtained once loadbold appears in the file this requires version 2 0 of A 4S TEX and AMSFonts Two control sequences are used for different kinds of bold symbols boldkey for symbols that actually appear on the keyboard boldsymbol for symbols specified by a single control sequence USER S GUIDE TO AmMS TFEX VERSION 2 2 17 For example bold x boldsymbol in boldsymbol varGamma gives xcrI and boldsymbol lbrack a boldsymbol rbrack gives a if you need to use Lbrack and rbrack instead of the and keys More precisely boldkey can be used in math formulas in the following combi nations e With any of the sy
36. nal type size T his can be changed by providing a multiplication factor to the command linespacing for example linespacing 1 5 gives the effect of typewritten doublespacing QED In the preprint style Nqed gives an open box O separated from what precedes it by a quad of space Running Heads If you are using the preprint style running heads similar to those in Joy will appear with text in the center and page numbers to the outside On the first page as usual the running head is omitted and the page number is placed at the bottom If you do nothing to define the text of the running heads the author s name will be used on the left hand and the title on the right hand pages This is the style for papers for monographs see below If you want some other values say a shortened title you can redefine the text to appear on left and right hand pages by typing leftheadtext left running head text rightheadtext right running head text These instructions can appear anywhere after the documentstyle command but the most common place to use them is immediately after a title or Nauthor or head to override the automatic running head text If rightheadtext or leftheadtext is specified above the topmatter title and author will not override them If you are doing a monograph rather than a journal article and use the Monograph switch it affects the running heads as follows The chapter title appears in the l
37. of alphabets and sym bols intended to be used for mathematical notation These fonts are in the collection AMSFonts Version 2 2 They must be installed on your computer before you can use AMS T X s preprint style or otherwise refer to them Note that AMSFonts Version 2 2 cannot be used with versions of AMS T X earlier than Version 2 0 and AAA4S TEX Version 2 2 cannot be used with versions of AMSFonts earlier than Version 2 0 users of AMSFonts Version 2 0 are strongly encouraged to upgrade to Version 2 2 Several of these fonts are loaded automatically by the preprint style and others can be loaded on demand The fonts available and the commands used to load them are described below Fonts loaded with the preprint style Several fonts are loaded automatically for general use cmcsc8 is an additional size of the Computer Modern small caps font cmex8 and cmex7 are additional sizes of the Computer Modern math ex tension font cmex8 is used by the preprint style in abstracts and other eight point environments cmex7 is used for all sub and superscripts If NPSAMSFonts is specified see Appendix C scaled versions of the 10 point fonts are loaded instead this is required for submission to AMS journals 16 USER S GUIDE TO AyyS TEX VERSION 2 2 Math fonts loaded with the preprint style msam and msbm contain extra symbols The symbols and the names that will produce them are shown in the section Symbol Names below If yo
38. ou could also specify widestnumber key 9 to reduce the indentation from two digits worth to one if your bibliography has fewer than ten 14 USER S GUIDE TO A yS TEX VERSION 2 2 entries As the examples show you do not include square brackets periods font commands or other such formatting when using Widestnumber The indentation will be adjusted for these things automatically For consecutive references by the same author s by is used for the first ref erence with the author name s given in full and bysame is used for subsequent ones just the command bysame without repetition of the name s The horizon tal line produced by Nbysame has a fixed length of three ems Two variations Ned and eds are provided for entering editor names as with page and pages because the note ed or eds is part of the automatic for matting If by is absent the editor name s will be used in place of the author name For a proceedings volume the place and date of the meeting can be recorded in the procinfo field Parentheses will be added There are two options for miscellaneous notes at the end of a reference finalinfo and miscnote miscnote differs only by automatically adding parentheses it would typically be used for a note such as preprint or submitted or to appear Because it s fairly common the latter has its own command toappear that is equivalent to Nniscnote to appear Mang is used to in
39. ozenge S 1073 circleds 1046 bigstar StH AKA A UL SII lt gt 1E D Xx A RQATAA ANVA PA 4I VIIAVIAVA A AREA BAT QIO I S E CIEL 105C 105D 2040 2066 2060 2061 207C Binary 1275 2272 1265 1264 125A 1259 125B 120C 1202 1200 1201 223E Binary 1335 1336 1330 132E 132F 2375 236C 136E 1337 1351 1353 132B 133A 133B 1376 1377 136A 1362 1340 1334 1332 132D 2377 1343 USER S GUIDE TO AmMS TEX VERSION 2 2 21 angle U measuredangle nexists mho Finv Game Bbbk operators dotplus smallsetminus Cap doublecap Cup doublecup barwedge veebar doublebarwedge boxminus boxtimes boxdot boxplus divideontimes relations Mleqq Mleqslant Neqslantless lesssim Mlessapprox Napproxeq Mlessdot ML llless Messgtr Messeggtr lesseqqgtr doteqdot Doteq risingdotseq fallingdotseq backsim backsimeq subseteqq Subset sqsubset preccurlyeq Ncurlyeqprec precsim precapprox vartriangleleft A JL ao lt r r Y Xx xX e amp Oo Ho QV2V V V IIV VYY WY U UU Q 2 l lle H AIIVAIVAV V V 105E 107B 2067 201E 201F 226E 226F 1268 1269 1266 1267 127F 127E 127D 1205 127C 133D 133E 1331 1326 1327 236D 136F 133F 1352 1354 1350 1324 132C 2373 2374 136B 1363 1341 133C 1333 1325 2376 1342 sphericalangle complement eth
40. ple to get bold primes 18 USER S GUIDE TO A yS TEX VERSION 2 2 boldsymbol prime boldsymbol A boldsymbol prime A But Nboldsymbol using the shorthand notation for prime won t work e You can apply boldsymbol to delimiters such as boldsymbol boldsymbol boldsymbol langle boldsymbol rangle ean Nboldkeyl Vl boldsymbol baf e vert boldsymbol vert Wert boldsymbol Vert However you can t use boldsymbol after left and right In partic ular typing left boldsymbol right boldsymbol will produce only error messages e Certain symbols on the bold fonts can t be accessed at all via boldkey or boldsymbol These include bold versions A Z of the calligraphic letters A Z that you type as Cal A Cal Z and bold versions 0 9 of the oldstyle numbers o 9 that you get with oldnos If you really need to have these symbols you will have to enlist the aid of a TEXnician or use pmb Fraktur Font The German Fraktur font which is designed for use only in math mode can be made available by typing loadeufm in the preamble area of your paper If you are using the preprint style medium weight Fraktur is loaded automatically To produce a Fraktur letter type frak g g frak A dots frak Z Deine Blackboard Bold AAA4S TEX has a blackboard bold font Bbb Like Cal it will work only in math
41. rt group of the American Mathematical Society In version 2 0 of AJ4S TEX the following changes were made 1 All known bugs were eliminated 2 Messages were added identifying the current versions of amstex tex and amsppt sty to be displayed on your terminal screen and in the log file 3 Some error and help messages were changed for the sake of clarity or to provide more information 4 Refinements were made to conserve memory space 5 The CM versions of the Computer Modern fonts were substituted for the older AM versions 6 Support for additional fonts was added a amstex tex provides the mechanism for accessing the Euler and extra symbol fonts of the AMSFonts collection 7 USER S GUIDE TO A yS TEX VERSION 2 2 3 b The preprint style assumes that fonts msam msbm and eufm are in stalled and available Changes were made to the preprint style to make it conform more closely to the style of AMS publications in particular the Journal of the American Mathematical Society a Running heads were made automatic they can be suppressed if de sired b Additional elements are recognized in both the top matter and the body of a document and the input syntax was regularized c Footnotes were changed to have normal indentation d The style of the references was changed considerably The ability to produce roman numeral page numbers using the plain TEX convention negative pageno was added In the preprint style mathematics
42. s of the table of contents if desired If the section number of a head happens to be something like Appendix as actually happens in this User s Guide a pair of empty braces should be entered before it as follows head Appendix Sample bibliography input endhead Insertion of followed by a space at the beginning of the heading text will cause the entire entry to be set flush left as a unit If you are preparing a monograph the format and content of the top matter will be different See the section below on Book Formatting for details Headings There are four levels of headings not counting title specialhead endspecialhead head endhead subhead endsubhead subsubhead endsubsubhead The heading of this section was typed as head 2 Formatting Features endhead And the subheading for this subsection was typed as subhead Headings endsubhead Ordinarily subheadings in the preprint style are run into the text but for this User s Guide the style varies slightly 2But note that the original line breaks in multi line headings would not be appropriate for the table of contents so you d want to remove any es that might be present 8 USER S GUIDE TO AmMS TFEX VERSION 2 2 specialhead is for long articles that need extra divisions at a level above the head level In the preprint style specialhead uses boldface type and is set ragged right head is small caps centered s
43. s will have to comment out one more input statement read the instructions Update the file name database if one is used so that TEX will be able to find amstex ini or amsppt ini and the other files This may be done by a command such as texhash or via a menu option Consult the documentation for your TEX distribution for instructions on how to perform this update Now run the initialization version of T X on amstex ini or amsppt ini This will create an AMS T X format file named amstex fmt or amsppt fmt Some implementations of TEX will automatically place the format file in the proper directory otherwise you should move this file manually into the TEX formats di rectory Once again update the file name database to make the format file visible to TEX B 5 Using AMS T X 2 04 With some TFX implementations a format file can be specified by preceding its name with an ampersand tex amp amstex filename return Other implementations treat the name of the format file as a command amstex filename return Still other implementations allow the installation of this name as a menu option For details of how to use format files with your implementation of TEX see your documentation USER S GUIDE TO AmMS TFEX VERSION 2 2 31 B 5 Getting a printed copy of the User s Guide The AA4S TEX User s Guide can be obtained as a PDF file from the AMS web site It is also included in the distribution as a PostScript file ready
44. stment is temporary The default will be reinstated by endroster The command cite produces a reference citation in roman type within square brackets 21 A structure Nblock Nendblock is provided for quotations It is intended for use in the middle of a paragraph to quote an extract from another source Book Formatting If you are preparing a monograph several features are available in the preprint style that will make your output look like chapters rather than individual papers First of all you must signal your intentions by typing Monograph in the pre amble right after the documentstyle line A typical topmatter section for a monograph chapter would be typed like this documentstylefamsppt Monograph topmatter title chapter 4 Matrix Algebras endtitle endtopmatter which produces a chapter heading that looks like this CHAPTER IV MATRIX ALGEBRAS Notice that the number is converted automatically to roman numerals and the word CHAPTER is added For a chapter title that needs a different sort of treatment nofrills can be used topmatter title chapter nofrills APPENDIX D The Poisson Integral endtitle endtopmatter This produces APPENDIX D THE POISSON INTEGRAL The replacement chapter text will appear exactly as typed Finally for things like a preface or introduction which have no pretitle text at all omit the chapter command topmatter title Preface endtitle endtopmatter 10 U
45. structure When installing a new release of A 4S TEX you may want to first back up your old version if you have existing documents that use it Although new releases are intended to be backward compatible a backup provides insurance in case something goes wrong B 2 Location of AMS T X Files in a TDS Tree Files in the AA4S TEX distribution fall into four categories files for use with TEX source files documentation and formats The following list shows all the files in the current distribution along with their recommended locations in a TDS tree TEXMF tex amstex base amstex tex amstex ini amsppt sty amsppt sti amsppti tex tex plain amsfonts amssym def amssym tex source amstex README amsppt doc amstex bug doc ams amstex amsguide tex amsguide ps amsppt faq amstinst tex amstinst ps joyerr tex joyerr2 tex TEX implementation formats amstex fmt 28 USER S GUIDE TO AmMS TFEX VERSION 2 2 29 The AAA4S TEX distribution can be retrieved in bundled form from the AMS web site e g asa zipor tarfile In this form the files are already arranged according to the TDS structure The format file is not included in the distribution It is platform specific and must be created as part of the installation see below To install the collection from a TDS formatted bundle place the bundled file into a convenient directory and unpack it using the TEXMF directory as the Extract to target Some examples
46. th take effect on the same page If the chapter title is too long to fit as a running head a shortened form can be supplied in a similar way with leftheadtext immediately after the title See also the section Running Heads The style for a chapter of a monograph differs in some particulars from the style for a paper The text of a head will be boldface instead of small caps headings of theorems propositions definitions remarks etc will be small caps instead of boldface and indented rather than flush left Inserts with Captions Figures tables and some other kinds of objects are often handled as inserts These objects may be prepared separately from the main document and pasted in in which case space must be left for them These objects usually have captions a caption may be positioned above for a table or below for a figure An insert may be specified for the top or middle of a page i e right where the input for the insert occurs in the text These are typed as topinsert and midinsert respectively Furthermore a caption may be placed at the top or the bottom of the insert using the tags topcaption and botcaption respectively USER S GUIDE TO AmMS TFEX VERSION 2 2 11 The general structure used to specify an insert with a caption at the top is topinsert or midinsert captionwidth dimen optional topcaption caption label optional caption text endcaption vspace dimen or optional code for the
47. tting such as the word eds for eds the word vol for book volumes or the paren theses around the year for journal articles The ending period of a reference can be suppressed with finalinfo nofrills USER S GUIDE TO AAA45 TgX VERSION 2 2 15 Some examples will illustrate the use of these tags See Appendix A for sam ples of input and output See also Appendix C of The Joy of TEX first edition Appendix B for more information on references 3 MATHEMATICAL CONSTRUCTIONS Wide Accents in Math Mode In version 2 04 of the AMSFonts there are wider versions of the widehat and widetilde accents they appear on lines 5 and 6 1 hat x Ntilde x 2 widehat x widetilde x T T 3 widehat xy widetilde xy TY TY 4 widehat xyz widetilde xyz TYZ LYZ 5 widehat xyzu widetilde xyzu Zyzu Lyzu 6 widehat xyzuv widetilde xyzuv Eyzuv TYZUV These wider accents are in the msbm family If msbm has been loaded widehat and widetilde will automatically select these wider versions when required otherwise the characters on line 4 will be the largest available If you are using the preprint style msbm is loaded automatically otherwise see the section entitled Fonts for instructions on loading it 4 FONTS Additional fonts for AMS T X A number of fonts were created for use with AJ4S TEX 2 0 both Computer Modern fonts in sizes not previously available and new fonts
48. u are not using the preprint style each can be loaded separately by loadmsam or loadmsbm as appropriate eufm is the medium weight Euler Fraktur German font It can also be loaded by loadeufm if the preprint style is not being used Math fonts loaded by loadbold See the sections below on Bold Characters in Math Mode and Bold Greek Letters for details on accessing particular characters in these fonts cmmib is Computer Modern bold math italic It also contains bold Greek cmbsy contains Computer Modern bold math symbols Additional Euler fonts for use in math loaded by loadeu eufb is bold Fraktur loadeufb eusm is medium weight script loadeusm eusb is bold script loadeusb eurm is medium weight cursive roman loadeurm eurb is bold cursive roman loadeurb Considerations and warnings The commands to load these font files should be typed in the preamble area between the documentstyle line and the topmatter Each load command loads the pertinent fonts including sub script sizes assigns a math family for them and defines a math font command The names of the commands are the same as the font names eufm eufb Neusm eusb eurm and eurb These are used in the same way as roman or bold e g eufb M or eufb M AMS T FX also defines a couple of synonyms frak and goth for eufm medium Euler Fraktur TEX can accommodate only sixtee
49. ubhead is boldface flush left run in with the following text and subsubhead is italic indented as for an ordinary paragraph and run into the text Explicit line breaks are obtained by a in a head or a specialhead but for subhead and subsubhead which are part of their paragraph just use linebreak as you would in normal paragraphed text If you are preparing a monograph the styles of headings will be different See the section below on Book Formatting for details Theorems and Proofs In addition to the usual proclamations and demonstrations mathematicians may pose other kinds of propositions which editors may prefer to see presented in dif ferent styles The following have been provided in the preprint style definition enddefinition example endexample remark endremark The proof of any proclamation is indicated by demo enddemo Note that all kinds of proclamations demonstrations and propositions must be ended explicitly a check for proper endings is included with all classes of procla mations and a missing end is reported In the preprint style definition and example have the spacing and heading font of proclaim but are in roman remark resembles demo except that extra space added at the end of a proof by enddemo is not added by endremark In accordance with the style of the Journal of the American Mathematical Soci ety the labels on proclaims and similar constructions are now printed in
50. urces See also the section Inserts with Captions above Bibliographies The references section of a paper begins with Refs and must have endRefs at the end Each entry in the references begins with ref and ends with endref The individual elements between ref and endref can be specified in any or der However following ref is usually a number or other label identifying the particular reference This label is produced using key The format of the labels is determined by the current references style which is set by the refstyle com mand The preprint document style provides three reference styles denoted A B and C corresponding to letter labels no labels and arabic numbers respectively The form of the cite and key commands for each style and the output they produce is as follows refstyle A refstyle B refstyle C cite DK DK cite Smith 1989 Smith 1989 cite 19 19 key DK DK no key no label key 19 19 The refstyle command is normally placed in the preamble of a document The references are set with hanging indentation The amount of indentation is preset to accommodate the most common case two digit numbers It can be increased or decreased by specifying the widest label used in the references For example widestnumber key GHMR refstyle A widestnumber key 999 refstyle C 3 digits will increase the indentation to accommodate the key GHMR or a three digit number respectively Y
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