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Wine User Guide

1. 39 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine Windows font 1S mapped to X font Times New Roman gt adobe times Arial gt adobe helvetica There is no default alias for the System font Also no aliases are created for the fonts that applications install at runtime The recommended way to deal with this problem is to convert the missing font see above If it proves impossible like in the case with TrueType fonts you can force the font mapper to choose a closely related X font by adding an alias to the fonts section Make sure that the X font actually exists with xfontsel tool AliasN Windows font X font lt optional mask X font flag gt Example AliasO System Aliasl Comments There must be no gaps in the sequence 0 international subst N otherwise all aliases after the first gap won t be read e Usually font mapper translates X font names into font names visible to Windows programs in the following fashion X font will show up as Extracted name international gt International adobe helvetica gt Helvetica adobe utopia gt Utopia misc fixed gt Fixed gt sony fixed gt Sony Fixed gt Note that since misc fixed and sony fixed are different fonts Wine modified the second extracted name to make sure Windows programs can distinguish them because o
2. Note that the tools wineinstall1 script already does all of this for you if you install Wine source as root If you then install Windows applications while logged in as root all your users will automatically be able to use them While the application setup will be taken from the global registry the users personalized configurations will be saved in their own home directories 30 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine But be careful with what you do with the administrator account if you do copy or link the administrator s registry to the global registry any user might be able to read the administrator s preferences which might not be good if sensitive information passwords personal information etc is stored there Only use the administrator account to install software not for daily work use an ordinary user account for that The registry section Now let s look at the Wine configuration file options for handling the registry GlobalRegistryDir Optional Sets the path to look for the Global Registry LoadGlobalRegistryFiles Controls whether to try to load the global registry files if they exist LoadHomeRegistryFiles Controls whether to try to load the user s registry files in the wine subdirectory of the user s home directory Load WindowsRegistryFiles Controls whether Wine will attempt to load registry data from a real Windows registry in an existing MS Windows installation WritetoHomeRegistryFiles Controls
3. Run the specified program wine help Display this help and exit wine version Output version information and exit The first argument should be the name of the file you want wine to execute If the executable is in the Path environment variable you can simply give the executable file name However if the executable is not in Path you must give the full path to the executable in Windows format not UNIX format For example given a Path of the following Path c windows c windows system ye e test f You could run the file c windows system foo exe with wine foo exe 47 Chapter 6 Running Wine However you would have to run the file c myapps foo exe with this command wine c myapps foo exe note the backslash escaped For details on running text mode CUD executables read the section below Explorer like graphical Wine environments If you prefer using a graphical interface to manage your files you might want to consider using Winefile This Winelib application comes with Wine and can be found with the other Wine programs It is a useful way to view your drive configuration and locate files plus you can execute programs directly from Winefile Please note many functions are not yet implemented Wine Command Line Options help Shows a small command line help page version Shows the Wine version string Useful to verify your installation Environment variables WINEDEBUG
4. SCSI Support This file describes setting up the Windows ASPI interface ASPI is a direct link to SCSI devices from windows programs ASPI just forwards the SCSI commands that programs send to it to the SCSI bus If you use the wrong SCSI device in your setup file you can send completely bogus commands to the wrong device An example would be formatting your hard drives assuming the device gave you permission if you re running as root all bets are off So please make sure that all SCSI devices not needed by the program have their permissions set as restricted as possible 44 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine Windows requirements 1 The software needs to use the Adaptec compatible drivers ASPI At least with Mustek they allow you the choice of using the built in card or the Adaptec AHA compatible drivers This will not work any other way Software that accesses the scanner via a DOS ASPI driver e g ASPIZDOS is supported too 2 You probably need a real windows install of the software to set the LUN s SCSI id s up correctly I m not exactly sure Linux requirements 1 Your SCSI card must be supported under Linux This will not work with an unknown SCSI card Even for cheap n crappy scanner only controllers some special Linux drivers exist on the net If you intend to use your IDE device you need to use the ide scsi emulation Read http www linuxdoc org HOWTO CD Writing HOWTO html http www linuxdoc or
5. Behaves like the PATH setting on UNIX boxes When wine is run like wine sol exe if sol exe resides ina directory specified in the Path setting wine will run it Of course if sol exe resides in the current directory wine will run that one Make sure it always has your windows directory and system directory For this setup it must have c windows c windows system Text mode programs CUI Console User Interface Text mode programs are program which output is only made out of text surprise In Windows terminology they are called CUI Console User Interface executables by opposition to GUI Graphical User Interface executables Win32 API provide a complete set of APIs to handle this situation which goes from basic features like text printing up to high level functionalities like full screen editing color support cursor motion mouse support going through features like line editing or raw cooked input stream support Given the wide scope of features above and the current usage in Un x world Wine comes out with three different ways for running a console program aka a CUI executable bare streams wineconsole with user backend wineconsole with curses backend 51 Chapter 6 Running Wine The names here are a bit obscure bare streams means that no extra support of wine is provide to map between the unix console access and Windows console access The two other ways require the use of a specific Wine program wi
6. Of course Debian s pre packaged version of Wine may not be the most recent release If you are running the stable version of Debian you may be able to get a slightly newer version of Wine by grabbing the package from the so called unstable Debian distribution although this may be a little risky depending on how far the unstable distribution has diverged from the stable one You can find a list of Wine binary packages for the various Debian releases using the package search engine at www debian org http www debian org If you downloaded a separate deb package file e g a newer Wine release as stated above that s not part of your distribution and thus cannot be installed via apt get you must use dpkg instead For instructions on how to do this please proceed to the Installation section Linux Red Hat Mandrake SUSE and Slackware Red Hat Mandrake SUSE and Slackware users can download a wine binary from the sourceforge net Wine download page http sourceforge net project showfiles php group_id 6241 Chapter 2 Getting Wine FreeBSD In order to use Wine you need to build and install a new kernel with options USER_LDT SYSVSHM SYSVSEM and SYSVMSG If you want to install Wine using the FreeBSD port system run in a terminal su cd usr ports emulators wine make make install make clean SE SR OSE OE This process will get wine source from the Internet then download the Wine package and install it on your syste
7. t want to use the shared color map but a private color map where all 256 colors are available The 37 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine disadvantage is that Wine s private color map is only seen while the mouse pointer is inside a Wine window so psychedelic flashing and funky colors will become routine if you use the mouse a lot Synchronous To be used for debugging X11 operations If Wine crashes with an X11 error then you should enable Synchronous mode to disable X11 request caching in order to make sure that the X11 error happens directly after the corresponding X11 call in the log file appears Will slow down X11 output ScreenDepth Applies only to multi depth displays It specifies which of the available depths Wine should use and tell Windows apps about Display This specifies which X11 display to use and if specified will override the DISPLAY environment variable PerfectGraphics This option only determines whether fast X11 routines or exact Wine routines will be used for certain ROP codes in blit operations Most users won t notice any difference Configuring the ttydrv graphics driver Currently the ttydrv doesn t have any special configuration options to set in the configuration file Setting the Windows and DOS version value The windows and DOS version value a program gets e g by calling the Windows function GetVersion plays a very important role If your Wine installation for whatever reason fails to provide to you
8. title bars borders etc are drawn by Wine to look and feel like the real Windows This is compatible with programs that depend on being able to compute the exact sizes of any such decorations or that want to draw their own Unmanaged mode is only used if both Managed and Desktop are set to disabled Desktop in a Box Specified by using the Desktop wine configuration file option see below adding a geometry e g 800x600 for a such sized desktop or even 800x600 0 0 to automatically position the desktop at the upper left corner of the display This is the mode most compatible with the Windows model All program windows will just be Wine drawn windows inside the Wine provided desktop window which will itself be managed by your window manager and Windows programs can roam freely within this virtual workspace and think they own it all without disturbing your other X apps Note currently there s one desktop window for every program this will be fixed at some time The x11drv section Managed Desktop DXGrab UseDGA Wine can let frame windows be managed by your window manager This option specifies whether you want that by default Creates a main desktop window of a specified size to display all Windows programs in The size argument could e g be 800x600 If you don t use DGA you may want an alternative means to convince the mouse cursor to stay within the game window This option does that Of course as with DGA if Wi
9. 800SP with a Buslogic controller under Linux BM e a Siemens Nixdorf 9036 with Adaptec AVA 1505 under Linux accessed via DOSASPI Note that I had color problems though barely readable result AM e a Fujitsu M2513A MO drive 640MB using generic SCSI drivers Formatting and ejecting worked perfectly Thanks to Uwe Bonnes for access to the hardware AM 45 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine Using ODBC This section describes how ODBC works within Wine and how to configure it The ODBC system within Wine as with the printing system is designed to hook across to the Unix system at a high level Rather than ensuring that all the windows code works under wine it uses a suitable Unix ODBC provider such as UnixODBC Thus if you configure Wine to use the built in odbc32 dll that Wine DLL will interface to your Unix ODBC package and let that do the work whereas if you configure Wine to use the native odbc32 dll it will try to use the native ODBC32 drivers etc Using a Unix ODBC system with Wine The first step in using a Unix ODBC system with Wine is of course to get the Unix ODBC system working itself This may involve downloading code or RPMs etc There are several Unix ODBC systems available the one the author is used to is unixODBC with the IBM DB2 driver Typically such systems will include a tool such as isql which will allow you to access the data from the command line so that you can check that the system is working The next ste
10. S T E EIT IEEE T 59 iii Chapter 1 Introduction Overview About Purpose of this document and intended audience This document called the Wine User Guide is both an easy installation guide and an extensive reference guide This guide is for both the new Wine user and the experienced Wine user offering full step by step installation and configuration instructions as well as featuring extensive reference material by documenting all configuration features and support areas Further questions and comments If after examining this guide the FAQ and other relevant documentation there is still something you cannot figure out we would love to hear from you The mailing lists http www winehq org site forums section contains several mailing lists and an IRC channel all of which are great places to seek help and offer suggestions If you are particularly savvy and believe that something can be explained better you can file a bug report http bugs winehq org or post a patch http www winehq org site sending_patches on Wine s documentation itself Content overview Steps to take In order to be able to use Wine you must first have a working installation This guide will help you to move your system from an empty Wineless void to one boasting a fresh up to date Wine install The first step Getting Wine illustrates the various methods of getting Wine s files onto your computer The second step Installing Wine details th
11. Windows programs have been ported to Linux directly eliminating the need for Wine or Windows entirely Another Operating System Probably the most obvious method of getting a Windows application to run is to simply run it on Windows However security license cost backward compatibility and machine efficiency issues can make this a difficult proposition which is why Wine is so useful in the first place Another alternative is to use ReactOS http www reactos com which is a fully open source alternative to Windows ReactOS shares code heavily with the Wine project but rather than running Windows applications on top of Linux they are instead run on top of the ReactOS kernel ReactOS also offers compatibility with Windows driver files allowing the use of hardware without functional Linux drivers Virtual Machines Rather than installing an entirely new operating system on your machine you can instead run a virtual machine at the software level and install a different operating system on it Thus you could run a Linux system and at the same time run Windows along with your application in a virtual machine simultaneously on the same hardware Virtual machines allow you to install and run not only different versions of Windows on the same hardware but also other operating systems including ReactOS There are several different virtual machine offerings out there and some are also able to emulate x86 hardware on different platforms The op
12. Within the directory to be used for C create empty windows windows system windows Start Menu and windows Start Menu Programs directories Do not point Wine to a Windows directory full of old installations and a messy registry Wine creates a special registry in your home directory in SHOME wine reg Perhaps you have to remove these files In one line mkdir p windows windows system windows Start Menu windows Start Menu Programs 3 Run and or install your programs Because Wine is not yet complete some programs will work better with native Windows DLLs than with Wine s replacements Wine has been designed to make this possible Here are some tips by Juergen Schmied and others on how to proceed This assumes that your C windows directory in the configuration file does not point to a native Windows installation but is in a separate Unix file system For instance C windows is really subdirectory windows located in home ego wine drives c e Run the program with WINEDEBUG 1o0add11 to find out which files are needed Copy the required DLLs one by one to the C windows system directory Do not copy KERNEL KERNEL32 GDI GDI32 USER USER32 or NTDLL These implement the core functionality of the Windows API and the Wine internal versions must be used e Edit the DllOverrides section of wine config to specify native before builtin for the Windows DLLs you want to use For more information
13. a standard Wine release with less development quirks than current CVS code Except for that CVS source code is much preferred and almost as easy Wine source code via CVS checkout Intended user level Advanced to Expert Developer The Wine CVS checkout offers the best way to take part in bleeding edge Wine capabilities and development since you ll be able to download every single CVS commit even beyond the last official Wine release As upgrading a Wine CVS checkout tree to the latest version is very easy this is a recommended method of Chapter 2 Getting Wine installing Wine Plus by carefully following the instructions in this Guide you ll be able to gain the very best Wine environment compatibility If you are running a distribution of Linux or some other system that uses packages to keep track of installed software you should be in luck A prepackaged version of Wine should already exist for your system The following sections will tell you how to find the latest Wine packages and get them installed You should be careful though about mixing system packages between different distributions and even from different versions of the same distribution Often a package will only work on the distribution which it has been compiled for We ll cover Debian Linux Red Hat Mandrake SUSE and Slackware Linux FreeBSD and other distributions If you re not lucky enough to have a package available for your operating system or if you
14. about this see the Wine manpage e Note that some network DLLs are not needed even though Wine is looking for them The Windows MPR DLL currently does not work you must use the internal implementation e Copy SHELL DLL SHELL32 DLL COMMDLG DLL COMDLG32 DLL and COMMCTRL DLL COMCTL32 DLL only as pairs to your Wine directory these DLLs are clean to use Make sure you have these specified in the DlIPairs section of wine config Be consistent Use only DLLs from the same Windows version together e Put regedit exe in the C windows directory Office 95 imports a reg file when it runs with an empty registry don t know about Office 97 As of now it might not be necessary any more to use regedit exe since Wine has its own regedit Winelib application now e Also add winhelp exe and winhlp32 exe if you want to be able to browse through your programs help function or in case Wine s winhelp implementation in programs winhelp is not good enough for example Installing Wine Using An Existing Windows Partition As Base Some people intend to use the data of an existing Windows partition with Wine in order to gain some better compatibility or to run already installed programs in a setup as original as possible Note that many Windows programs assume that they have full write access to all windows directories This means that you either have to configure the Windows partition mount point for write permission by your Wi
15. and even worse if there is some change in partition order Windows automatically changes the drive letter and you might suddenly find yourself with a first data partition at drive letter E with all the file naming and referencing confusion that entails Thus the Windows way of using ever changing drive letters is clearly inferior to the Unix way of assigning fixed directory tree locations for every data storage medium As we ll see soon fortunately this Windows limitation of changing drive letters doesn t affect us in Wine at all since we can properly map never changing drive letters to fixed locations inside the Unix directory tree and even if the location of the respective Unix directory changes we can still simply update the Wine drive mapping to reflect the updated location and at the same time keep the original drive letter OK now that we know some theory about Windows and Unix drive and filename mapping it s probably time to ask how Wine achieves the magic of mapping a Unix directory location to a Windows drive Wine chose to do the following In Wine you don t assign some real physical storage medium such as a harddisk partition or similar to each drive letter mapping entry Instead you choose certain sub directory trees inside the Unix directory tree that starts with that you would like to assign a drive letter to Note that for every Unix sub directory tree that you intend to start Windows programs in it is absolu
16. and whether the inclusion of the respective section is needed or only recommended recmd Section Name Needed What it Does wine lyes General settings for Wine DllOverrides recmd Overrides defaults for DLL loading x11drv recmd Graphics driver settings fonts yes Font appearance and recognition ppdev Ino Parallelport emulation spooler Ino Print spooling ports Ino Direct port access Debug Ino What to do with certain debug Imessages Registry Ino Specifies locations of windows registry files programs Ino Programs to be run automatically Console Ino Console settings Clipboard Ino Interaction for Wine and X11 clipboard afmdirs Ino Postscript driver settings WinMM yes Multimedia settings AppDefaults no Overwrite the settings of previous sections for special programs Now let s explain the configuration file sections in a detailed way The wine Section The wine section of the configuration file contains basic settings for Wine Windows c windows ShowDirSymlinks 1 ShowDotFiles 1 For a detailed description of drive layer configuration and the meaning of these parameters please look at the Disc Drives Serial and Parallel Ports section GraphicsDriver xlldrv ttydrv Sets the graphics driver to use for Wine output x11drv is for X11 output ttydrv is for text console output WARNING if you use
17. archive file we need to extract the archive file This is not very hard to do First switch to the directory containing the file you just downloaded Then extract the source in a terminal with e g tar xvzf wine 20030115 tar gz Just in case you happen to get a Wine archive that uses tar bz2 extension instead of tar gz Simply use tar xvjf in that case instead Since you now have a fully working Wine source tree by having followed the steps above you re now well prepared to go to the Wine installation and configuration steps that follow Getting Wine Source Code from CVS This part is intended to be quick and easy showing the bare minimum of what is needed to download Wine source code via CVS If you re interested in a very verbose explanation of CVS or advanced CVS topics configuration settings CVS mirror servers other CVS modules on WineHQ CVSWeb then please read the full CVS chapter in the Wine Developer s Guide CVS installation check First you need to make sure that you have cvs installed To check whether this is the case please run in a terminal cvs If this was successful then you should have gotten a nice CVS Usage help output Otherwise e g an error cvs command not found you still need to install a CVS package for your particular operating system similar to the instructions given in the chapters for getting and installing a Wine package on various systems Downloading the Wine CVS tree O
18. channels Wine isn t perfect and many Windows applications still don t run without bugs under Wine but then a lot of programs don t run without bugs under native Windows either To make it easier for people to track down the causes behind each bug Wine provides a number of debug channels that you can tap into Each debug channel when activated will trigger logging messages to be displayed to the console where you invoked wine From there you can redirect the messages to a file and examine it at your leisure But be forewarned Some debug channels can generate incredible volumes of log messages Among the most prolific offenders are relay which spits out a log message every time a win32 function is called win which tracks windows message passing and of course a11 which is an alias for every single debug channel that exists For a complex application your debug logs can easily top 1 MB and higher A relay trace can often generate more than 10 MB of log messages depending on how long you run the application As described in the Debug section of configuring wine you can modify what the relay trace reports Logging does slow down Wine quite a bit so don t use WINEDEBUG unless you really do want log files Within each debug channel you can further specify a message class to filter out the different severities of errors The four message classes are trace fixme warn err To turn on a debug channel use the form class channel T
19. copy protection Many copy protections currently don t work on Wine Some might work in the future though the CD ROM layer isn t really full featured yet Go to GameCopy World http www gamecopyworld com and try to find a decent crack for your game that gets rid of that ugly copy protection I hope you do have a legal copy of the program though Check your Wine environment Running with or without a Windows partition can have a dramatic impact Configure Wine to do the opposite of what you used to have Also install DCOM98 or DCOM95 This can be very beneficial 55 Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Reporting bugs Reconfigure Wine Sometimes wine installation process changes and new versions of Wine account on these changes This is especially true if your setup was created long time ago Rename your existing wine directory for backup purposes Use the setup process that s recommended for your Wine distribution to create new configuration Use information in old wine directory as a reference For source wine distribution to configure Wine run tools wineinstall script as a user you want to do the configuration for This is a pretty safe operation Later you can remove the new wine directory and rename your old one back Check out further information There is a really good chance that someone has already tried to do the same thing as you You may find the following resources helpful e Search WineHQ s Applicat
20. d prefer a newer version of Wine than already exists as a package you will need to download the Wine source code and compile it yourself on your own machine Don t worry it s not too hard to do this especially with the many helpful tools that come with Wine You don t need any programming experience to compile and install Wine although it might be nice to have some minor UNIX administrative skills Working from the source is covered in the Wine Developer s Guide Getting a Wine package Debian Linux In most cases on a Debian system or any other distribution that uses packages that use the file name ending deb for that matter you can download and install Wine with a single command as root apt get install wine apt get will connect to a Debian archive across the Internet thus you must be online then download the Wine package and install it on your system End of story You might first need to properly update your package setup though by using an editor as root to add an entry to etc apt sources 1list to point to an active package server and then running apt get update Once you re done with that step you may skip the Wine installation chapter since apt get has not only downloaded but also installed the Wine files already Thus you can now go directly to the Configuration section However if you don t want to or cannot use the automatic download method for deb packages that apt get provides then please read on
21. gt Pretty straightforward Replace AliasX with AliasO then Alias1 and so on The fake windows name is the name that the font will be under a windows app in wine The real X name is the font name as seen by X Run xfontsel The optional masking section allows you to utilize the fake windows name you define If it is not used then wine will just try to extract the fake windows name itself and not use the value you enter Here is an example of an alias without masking The font will show up in windows apps as Google AliasO Foo google Here is an example with masking enabled The font will show up as Foo in windows apps Alias1 Foo google subst For more information check out the Fonts chapter 18 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine The spooler and ports Sections The spooler section will inform wine where to spool print jobs Use this if you want to try printing Wine docs claim that spooling is rather primitive at this time so it won t work perfectly It is optional The only setting you use in this section works to map a port LPT 1 for example to a file or a command Here is an example mapping LPT1 to the file out ps EPT T outsps The following command maps printing jobs to LPT1 to the command Ipr Notice the LPT1 Ipi The ports section is usually useful only for people who need direct port access for programs requiring dongles or scanners If you don
22. note that snoop is pretty unstable and often will crash earlier than a simple relay If this is the case then please use only relay A bug report with a crash in snoop code is useless in most cases You can also turn on other parameters depending on the nature of the problem you are researching See wine man page for full list of the parameters To get the trace output use one of the following methods The Easy Way 1 This method is meant to allow even a total novice to submit a relevant trace log in the event of a crash Your computer must have perl on it for this method to work To find out if you have perl run which perl If it returns something like usr bin perl you re in business Otherwise skip on down to The Hard Way If you aren t sure just keep on going When you try to run the script it will become very apparent if you don t have perl 2 Change directory to lt dirs to wine gt tools 57 Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Reporting bugs 3 Type in bug_report pl and follow the directions 4 Post the bug to Wine Bugzilla http ougs winehq org Please search Bugzilla database to check whether your problem is already found before posting a bug report Include your own detailed description of the problem with relevant information Attach the Nice Formatted Report to the submitted bug Do not cut and paste the report in the bug description it is pretty big Keep the full debug output in case it will be neede
23. research be prepared for helpful suggestions If you haven t brace yourself for heaving flaming Disc Drives Serial and Parallel Ports Extremely Important Prerequisites If you re planning to include access to a CD ROM drive in your Wine configuration on Linux then make sure to add the unhide mount option to the CD ROM file system entry in etc fstab e g dev cdrom cdrom iso9660 ro noauto users unhide 0 0 Several Windows program setup CD ROMs or other CD ROMs chose to do such braindamaged things as marking very important setup helper files on the CD ROM as hidden That s no problem on Windows since the Windows CD ROM driver by default displays even files that are supposed to be hidden But on Linux which chose to hide hidden files on CD by default this is FATAL the programs will simply abort with an installation file not found or similar error Thus you should never forget to add this setting 21 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine Short Introduction Windows applications refer to disc drives by letters such as A B and C and to serial and parallel ports by names such as COM1 and LPT1 You need to tell Wine how to interpret these You do so by specifying the Unix file system nodes and devices that Wine should map them onto as described later in this section You can map a Windows fixed disc drive onto any node in your Unix file system this need not be the root node of a drive For examp
24. the Installation chapter to install the binary Wine files Compiling Wine Commands To compile and install Wine run the following commands configure make depend make make install Please note that the last command make install must be run as root Requirements For an up to date list of software requirements for compiling Wine and instructions how to actually do it please see the README http www winehq org source README file which is also available in the main directory of a Wine source code tree Space required You also need about 400 MB of available disk space for compilation The compiled libwine so binary takes around 5 MB of disk space which can be reduced to about MB by stripping strip wine Stripping is not recommended however as you can t submit proper crash reports with a stripped binary Common problems If you get a repeatable sigl 1 compiling shellord c thunk c or other files try compiling just that file without optimization removing the Ox option from the GCC command in the corresponding Makefile Il Chapter 4 Installing or uninstalling Wine A standard Wine distribution form which you probably downloaded according to chapter Getting Wine includes quite a few different programs libraries and configuration files All of these must be set up properly for Wine to work well In order to achieve this this chapter will guide you through the necessary steps to get the Wine files installe
25. the system Usually shells are text based and command line oriented Examples of popular shells include bash tesh and ksh Wine assumes that for Wine installation tasks you use bash since this is the most popular shell on Linux Shells are usually run in a Terminal window Source code Source code is the code that a program consists of before the program is being compiled i e it s the original building instructions of a program that tell a compiler what the program should look like once it s been compiled to a Binary Terminal A terminal window is usually a graphical window that one uses to execute a Shell If Wine asks you to open a terminal then you usually need to click on an icon on your desktop that shows a big black window or in other cases an icon displaying a maritime shell Wine assumes you re using the bash shell in a terminal window so if your terminal happens to use a different shell program simply type bash in the terminal window 60
26. trace includes everything In both entries the functions may be specified either as a function name or as a module and function In this latter case specify an asterisk for the function name to include exclude all functions in the module Registry can be used to tell wine where your old windows registry files exist This section is completely optional and useless to people using wine without an existing windows installation UserFileName dirs to user reg The location of your old user reg file programs can be used to say what programs run under special conditions 19 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine Default program to execute exe Sets the program to be run if wine is started without specifying a program Startup program to execute exe Sets the program to automatically be run at startup every time The WinMN Section WinMM is used to define which multimedia drivers have to be loaded Since those drivers may depend on the multimedia interfaces available on your system OSS ALSA to name a few it s needed to be able to configure which driver has to be loaded The content of the section looks like WinMM Drivers wineoss drv WaveMapper msacm drv MidiMapper midimap drv All the keys must be defined e The Drivers key is a separated list of modules name each of them containing a low level driver All those drivers will be loaded when MMSYSTEM WINMM is started and wi
27. you have finished configuring Wine you can verify your Wine configuration by running winecfg This functionality will be added to winecfg in the near future Please check out the configuration documentation below to find out more about Wine s configuration or proceed to the Troubleshooting chapter The Wine Configuration File This section is meant to contain both an easy step by step introduction to the Wine configuration file for new Wine users and a complete reference to all Wine configuration file settings for advanced users Configuration File Introduction The Wine configuration file is the central file to store configuration settings for Wine This file which is called config can be found in the sub directory wine of your user s home directory directory home user In other words the Wine configuration file is wine config Note that since the Wine configuration file is a part of the Wine registry file system this file also requires a correct WINE REGISTRY Version 2 header line to be recognized properly just like all other Wine registry text files just in case you decided to write your own registry file from scratch and wonder why Wine keeps rejecting it The settings available in the configuration file include Directory settings Port settings The Wine look and feel Wine s DLL usage e Wine s multimedia drivers and DLL configuration Creating Or Modifying The Configuration File If you just i
28. 0 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine The AppDefaults Section The section is used to overwrite certain settings of this file for a special program with different settings AppDefaults is not the real name of the section The real name consists of the leading word AppDefaults followed by the name of the executable the section is valid for The end of the section name is the name of the corresponding standard section of the configuration file that should have some of its settings overwritten with the program specific settings you define The three parts of the section name are separated by two backslashes Currently wine supports overriding selected settings within the sections DllOverrides x11drv version and dsound only Here is an example that overrides the normal settings for a program 7 default settings xlldrv Managed wy Desktop why 7 run install in desktop mode AppDefaults install exe xlldrv Managed why Desktop 800x600 What If It Doesn t Work There is always a chance that things will go wrong If the unthinkable happens report the problem to Wine Bugzilla http bugs winehq org try the newsgroup comp emulators ms windows wine or the IRC channel WineHQ found on irc freenode net or connected servers Make sure that you have looked over this document thoroughly and have also read e README http www winehq org trouble If indeed it looks like you ve done your
29. 1 root root 245 Oct 10 17 58 config sys drwx r 41 root root 16384 Dec 30 1998 windows Mounting the FAT filesystem with a umask of 000 gives all users complete control over it Explicitly specifying the permissions of the FAT filesystem when it is mounted provides additional control There are three mount options that are relevant to FAT permissions uid gid and umask They can each be specified when the filesystem is manually mounted For example gt umount c gt mount o uid 500 o gid 500 o umask 002 c gt ed c c gt ls 1 r rWXrwxr x 1 sle sle 91 Oct 10 17 58 autoexec bat r rWXrWXr Xx 1 sle sle 245 Oct 10 17 58 config sys drwxrwxr x 41 sle sle 16384 Dec 30 1998 windows which gives sle complete control over c The options listed above can be made permanent by adding them to the etc fstab file gt grep c etc fstab dev hdal c vfat uid 500 gid 500 umask 002 exec dev suid rw 1 1 Note that the umask of 002 is common in the user private group file permission scheme On FAT file systems this umask assures that all files are fully accessible by all users in the specified user group gid Shadowing FAT filesystems Shadowing provides a finer granularity of control Parts of the original FAT filesystem can be copied so that the program can safely work with those copied parts while the program continues to directly read the remaining parts This is done with symbolic links For example consider a system where a program
30. Chapter 5 Configuring Wine ln s usr share wine c c Replaceable media are a little more complicated In addition to creating a link for the file system on the medium for example ln s mnt floppy a you also need to create a link for the device itself Notice that this has a double colon after the drive letter ln s dev fd0 a For serial and parallel ports you simply create a link to the device notice that no colon is required after the Windows device name ln s dev ttyS0 coml ln s dev lp0 lpt1 Windows shares can are mapped into the unc directory so anything trying to access machinename some dir and file will look in wine dosdevices unc machinename some dir and file For example if you used Samba to mount machinename some on mnt smb machinename some then you can do ln s mnt smb machinename some unc machinename some to make it available in wine don t forget to create the unc directory if it doesn t alrady exist File system settings in the wine section Windows c windows This tells Wine and Windows programs where the Windows directory is It is recommended to have this directory somewhere on your configured C drive and it s also recommended to just call the directory windows this is the default setup on Windows and some stupid programs might rely on this So in case you chose a Windows setting of c windows and you chose to set up a drive C e g at usr local wine_c the corr
31. E ali ESS 45 6 R nnins WANE sesser aneron iaoe see a a sairo se oasa a ros oubsatensoeesdacseasbedsobedeansesoessussuaseasous dees 47 Basic usage applications and control panel applets essssesesseseesssesseesessesseseresressesseeseeesesseeseeresereereereeseereresest 47 HOW tO na ia IAAT oTe EEEE EEE Gasbeeasbelses spe Bec scenesessenvieees 47 Explorer like graphical Wine environments sseesessssesseseseessstessrtssetsteersrestrtesrerrsreestnserteseeeesteertnrentesrseersseet 48 Wine Command Line Optio Sz ssns icis esia Ear e ar RE Ee EE aa EE EEE sede E Epo EEEE EEEE EE 48 Envir nment Varad lesa nonin e r en E E EE E E E E EA E A E EES EEES 48 wineserver Command Line Options 2 scs csecssseessseessscentsochoscusssustosscugsovsvscseccssnesssevnsuecesdavionsqeecostesesesssonentseses 50 Setting Windows DOS environment variables 00 0 0 eee eeeceeeseeese coe ceseseeeceeceseeseecaecaaesaecnecesceseeeseneeaaesaerase 50 Text mode programs CUI Console User Interface eceececeeeeeeeeeeceesseseceecnseeeeeeeesessaecsecseceseeeeeeees 51 7 Troubleshooting Reporting bUgs essessscesoesesessoseosesoesessesessesoesesoesesoesossesossesoesessesossesosoesoesossesosossoesesessoseesessesee 55 What to do if some program still doesn t work e seseeesseseeeseesrsreserrssresrsreeressenrestnsertnseetssrntettnsersrenterrsreeeere 55 How To Report A BUD pete oiaro ne Ae Ep aE EE N E a EEE NET STEE E Eea es 56 ASIOSSALY AEE REET E T
32. Script files via a driver built into Wine See below for installation instructions The code for the PostScript driver is in dlls wineps The driver behaves as if it were a DRV file called wineps drv which at the moment is built into Wine Although it mimics a 16 bit driver it will work with both 16 and 32 bit apps just as win9x drivers do Spooling Spooling is rather primitive The spooler section of the wine config file maps a port e g LPT1 to a file or a command via a pipe For example the following lines LPT1 foo ps LPT2 _ Lpr map LPT1 to file foo ps and LPT2 to the Ipr command If a job is sent to an unlisted port then a file is created with that port s name e g for LPT3 a file called LPT3 would be created There are now also virtual spool queues called LPR printername which send the data to lpr Pprintername You do not need to specify those in the config file they are handled automatically by dlls gdi printdrv c The Wine PostScript Driver This allows Wine to generate PostScript files without needing an external printer driver Wine in this case uses the system provided PostScript printer filters which almost all use ghostscript if necessary Those should be configured during the original system installation or by your system administrator Installation Installation of CUPS printers If you are using CUPS you do not need to configure ini or registry entries everything is autodetecte
33. Wine User Guide Wine User Guide Table of Contents 1 Introduction ensaia irnia aA ENANA ASENADA 1 Overview About non Wns gts Shes E ete eA E EE SR es Bid 1 What is Wine s cscescestisecoscesscuaenock uct wav toe RE A T E E T R R a E A E ETR 1 Versions Of WING aA EA ES AAEE EASE EEEE ASE I gS a ed 2 Alternatives to Wine you might want to consider sessesssssseeseeseeseetetseeseesersersetstestesseeseesteneensesseesteseeneeesee tet 4 De Getting WINE sccisesccvasssasscesossaoncoesssscassesccbassasestadesvesesdeusseasSoassadeasdussuedonsecassedoonssasonsdnsssesdasdvassosvensdeate Spiss ooro 6 STSP 5 How to download WINE sorron on e i a i R EE E EE E E EEE 5 Getting a Wine packages nnsa o e ie SA E gen eee E eth eee ER 6 Getting Wine SOURCE Colen a e a E A E a E A A A E E A S 7 3 Compiling the Wine SOurce scscsccscsscscscccsscssssssssscscssecssessecssccsesessessssssseesesscsscesessescssssssseessessseeseessessecseeoes 11 einai ei EnaA AT a C e EE tnee uA ip tes dace sep E E E E sueuutud seneeusettoens 11 4 Installing or uninstalling Wine cscsscsescsssscsscsssssssscessssesssssesceseesscsnsssessssssscesessessesessnssescessessessessessssessoss 12 Installing or uninstalling Wine packages esceescecssesececeseecsscesceceseecsecesceceeecseceaceceeesaeceaeeceeesaeceaeeeneeesaeeeaeees 12 Installing or uninstalling a Wine source code tre eee ceseeseeeeceeceeeeeeeeeecaeesaesaeceeceeeeeseaeeaeeseecaecseeease
34. as WineX is a Wine version derived from the old BSD licensed Wine tree It is designed specifically to function with lgames and so development is centered around ensuring compatibility with technologies like IDirect3D DirectX and various Imethods of copy protection Commercial free CVS download of reduced version no copy protection support etc ReWind http sourceforge net projects rewind ReWind is a Wine version derived from the old BSD licensed Wine tree Due to its BSD license it can t incorporate most recent Wine patches however its code can be used by any software project without restriction Although code is occasionally contributed to ReWind alongside the main Wine project there has never been an official release of ReWind Free Open Source BSD license Chapter 1 Introduction Alternatives to Wine you might want to consider There are many ways to run software other than through Wine If you are considering using Wine to run an application you might want to think about the viability of these approaches if you encounter difficulty Native Applications Instead of running a particular Windows application with Wine one frequently viable alternative is to simply run a different application Many Windows applications particularly more commonly used ones such as media players instant messengers and filesharing programs have very good open source equivalents Furthermore a sizable number of
35. clear enough though given a choice should Wine use its own built in DLLs or should it use DLL files found in an existing Windows installation This document explains how this feature works DLL types A native DLL is a DLL file written for the real Microsoft Windows 32 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine builtin A built in DLL is a Wine DLL These can either be a part of 1ibwine so or more recently in a special so file that Wine is able to load on demand The DlIDefaults section DefaultLoadOrder This specifies in what order Wine should search for available DLL types if the DLL in question was not found in the DllOverrides section The DIIPairs section At one time there was a section called Dl Pairs in the default configuration file but this has been obsoleted because the pairing information has now been embedded into Wine itself The purpose of this section was merely to be able to issue warnings if the user attempted to pair codependent 16 bit 32 bit DLLs of different types If you still have this in your wine config or wine conf you may safely delete it The DllOverrides section This section specifies how you want specific DLLs to be handled in particular whether you want to use native DLLs or not if you have some from a real Windows configuration Because built ins do not mix seamlessly with native DLLs yet certain DLL dependencies may be problematic but workarounds exist in Wine for many popu
36. d Installation of LPR etc printcap based printers If your system is not yet using CUPS it probably uses LPRng or a LPR based system with configuration based on etc printcap If it does your printers in etc printcap are scanned with a heuristic whether they are PostScript capable printers and also configured mostly automatic Since Wine cannot find out what type of printer this is you need to specify a PPD file in the ppd section of wine config Either use the shortcut name and make the entry look like ppd ps1 usr lib wine psl ppd Or you can specify a generic PPD file that is to match for all of the remaining printers A generic PPD file can be found in documentation samples generic ppd Installation of other printers You do not need to do this if the above 2 sections apply only if you have a special printer Wine PostScript Driver WINEPS LPT1 to the devices section and 43 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine Wine PostScript Driver WINEPS LPT1 15 45 to the PrinterPorts section of win ini and to set it as the default printer also add device Wine PostScript Driver WINEPS LPT1 to the windows section of win ini You also need to add certain entries to the registry The easiest way to do this is to customize the PostScript driver contents of wine inf see below and use the Winelib program programs regedit regedit For example if you have installed the Wine source tree in usr src wine y
37. d Font Metrics Wine stores detailed information about available fonts in the wine cachedmetrics display file You can copy it elsewhere and add this entry to the fonts section in your wine config FontMetrics lt file with metrics gt If Wine detects changes in the X font configuration it will rebuild font metrics from scratch and then it will overwrite wine cachedmetrics display with the new information This process can take a while Too Small Or Too Large Fonts Windows programs may ask Wine to render a font with the height specified in points However point to pixel ratio depends on the real physical size of your display 15 17 etc X tries to provide an estimate of that but it can be quite different from the actual size You can change this ratio by adding the following entry to the fonts section Resolution lt integer value gt In general higher numbers give you larger fonts Try to experiment with values in the 60 120 range 96 is a good starting point FONT _Init failed to load Messages On Startup The most likely cause is a broken fonts dir file in one of your font directories You need to rerun mkfontdir to rebuild this file Read its manpage for more information If you can t run mkfontdir on this machine as you are not root use xset fp xxx to remove the broken font path Setting up a TrueType Font Server Follow these instructions to set up a TrueType font server on your sy
38. d by Wine developers The Hard Way It is likely that only the last 100 or so lines of the trace are necessary to find out where the program crashes In order to get those last 100 lines we need to do the following 1 Redirect all the output of WINEDEBUG toa file 2 Separate the last 100 lines to another file using tail This can be done using one of the following methods all shells echo quit WINEDEBUG relay wine other_options program_name gt amp filename out tail n 100 filename out gt report_file This will print wine s debug messages only to the file and then auto quit It s probably a good idea to use this command since wine prints out so many debug msgs that they flood the terminal eating CPU cycles tesh and other csh like shells WINEDEBUG relay wine other_options program_name amp t filename out tail n 100 filename out gt report_file bash and other sh like shells WINEDEBUG relay wine other_options program_name 2 gt amp 1 tee filename out tail n 100 filename out gt report_file report_file will now contain the last hundred lines of the debugging output including the register dump and backtrace which are the most important pieces of information Please do not delete this part even if you don t understand what it means Post the bug to Wine Bugzilla http bugs winehq org You need to attach the output file report _file from par
39. d on your system It will not deal with how to get Wine s Windows environment configured that s what the next chapter will talk about When installing Wine you should make sure that it doesn t happen to overwrite a previous Wine installation as this would cause an overwhelming amount of annoying and fatal conflicts uninstalling any previous Wine version as explained in this chapter to avoid this problem is recommended Installing or uninstalling Wine packages Now that you have downloaded the Debian or RPM or whatever Wine package file probably via the instructions given in the previous chapter you may be wondering What in the world do I do with this thing This section will hopefully be able to put an end to your bewildered questioning by giving detailed install instructions for all sorts of well known package types Debian Linux In case you haven t downloaded and automatically installed the Wine package file via apt get as described in the Getting Wine section you now need to use dpkg to install it Switch to the directory you downloaded the Debian deb package file to Once there type these commands adapting the package file name as required su Password cd home user dpkg i wine_0 0 20030115 1 deb Type the root password at the Password prompt You may also want to install the wine doc package and if you are using Wine from the 2 3 distribution Woody the wine utils package as well Uninstal
40. e available small 33 of character height medium 66 and large 100 Popup menu It s been said earlier that wineconsole configuration popup was triggered using a right click in the console s window However this can be an issue when the application you run inside wineconsole expects the right click events to be sent to it By ticking control or shift lyou select additional modifiers on the right click for opening the popup For example ticking shift will send events to the application when you right click the window without shift being hold down and open the window when you right click while shift being hold down Quick edit This tick box lets you decide whether left click mouse events shall be interpreted as events to be sent to the underlying application tick off or as a selection of rectangular part of the screen to be later on copied onto the clipboard tick on History This lets you pick up how many commands you want the console to recall You can also drive whether you want when entering several times the same command potentially intertwined with others whether you want to store all of them tick off or only the last one tick on Police The Police property sheet allows you to pick the default font for the console font file size background and foreground color 53 Chapter 6 Running Wine Configuration option Meaning Screenbuffer amp window size Th
41. e console as you see it is made of two different parts On one hand there s the screenbuffer which contains all the information your application puts on the screen and the window which displays a given area of this screen buffer Note that the window is always smaller or of the same size than the screen buffer Having a strictly smaller window size will put on scrollbars on the window so that you can see the whole screenbuffer s content Close on exit If it s ticked then the wineconsole will exit when the application within terminates Otherwise it ll remain opened until the user manually closes it this allows seeing the latest information of a program after it has terminated Edition mode When the user enter commands he or she can choose between several edition modes Emacs the same keybindings as under emacs are available For example Ctrl A will bring the cursor to the beginning of the edition line See your emacs manual for the details of the commands e Win32 these are the standard Windows console key bindings mainly using arrows 54 Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Reporting bugs What to do if some program still doesn t work There are times when you ve been trying everything you even killed a cat at full moon and ate it with rotten garlic and foul fish while doing the Devil s Dance yet nothing helped to make some damn program work on some Wine version Don t despair we re here t
42. e courier medium o normal 0 0 0 0 p 0 1is08859 1 times ttf monotype times medium r normal 0 0 0 0 p 0 1s08859 1 timesbd ttf monotype times bold r normal 0 0 0 0 p 0 1s08859 1 timesbi ttf monotype times bold i normal 0 0 0 0 p 0 1s08859 1 timesi ttf monotype times medium i normal 0 0 0 0 p 0 1s08859 1 symbol ttf monotype symbol medium r normal 0 0 0 0 p O0 microsoft symbol wingding ttf microsoft wingdings medium r normal In c windows fonts fonts dir I have exactly the same In usr X11R6 1lib X11 XF86Config I have FontPath tcp localhost 7100 0 0 0 0 p 0 microsoft symbol in front of the other FontPath lines That s it As an interesting by product of course all those web pages which specify Arial come up in Arial in Netscape 8 Shut down X and restart and debug errors you did while setting up everything 9 Test with e g xlsfont grep arial Printing in Wine How to print documents in Wine Printing Printing in Wine can be done using the built in Wine PostScript driver ghostscript to produce output for non PostScript printers Note that at the moment WinPrinters cheap dumb printers that require the host computer to explicitly control the head will not work with their Windows printer drivers It is unclear whether they ever will 42 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine Built in Wine PostScript driver Enables printing of Post
43. e of the Wine related package which you want to uninstall Installing or uninstalling a Wine source code tree If you are in the directory of the Wine version that you just compiled e g by having run make depend amp amp make then you may now install this Wine version by running as root make install This will copy the Wine binary files to their final destination in your system You can then proceed to the Configuration chapter to configure the Wine environment If instead you want to uninstall the currently installed Wine source code version then change to the main directory of this version and run as root make uninstall 13 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine Now that you hopefully managed to successfully install the Wine program files this chapter will tell you how to configure the Wine environment properly to run your Windows programs First we ll give you an overview about which kinds of configuration and program execution aspects a fully configured Windows environment has to fulfill in order to ensure that many Windows programs run successfully without encountering any misconfigured or missing items Next we ll show you which easy helper programs exist to enable even novice users to complete the Wine environment configuration in a fast and easy way The next section will explain the purpose of the Wine configuration file and we ll list all of its settings After that the next section will detail the most important and un
44. e that the device has to exist and must be accessible by the user running Wine if you do this though If you don t want to read labels and serial numbers directly from the device you can create files at the root of the drive named windows label and windows serial respectively These are simple ASCII files that you can create with any text editor the label can be set to any string you like the serial number should be expressed as an hexadecimal number Examples Here s a simple example of CD ROM and floppy cd wine dosdevices ln s mnt floppy a ln s dev fd0 a ln s mnt cdrom r ln s dev hdal r Todo Open Issues e The CD ROM label can be read only if the data track of the disk resides in the first track and the cdrom is iso9660 e Support for labels serial nums WRITING What about reading ext2 volume label 28 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine The Registry After Win3 x the registry became a fundamental part of Windows It is the place where both Windows itself and all Win95 98 NT 2000 XP etc compliant applications store configuration and state data While most sane system administrators and Wine developers curse badly at the twisted nature of the Windows registry it is still necessary for Wine to support it somehow The default registry A Windows registry contains many keys by default and some of them are necessary for even installers to operate correctly The keys that the Wine develo
45. e various install processes available to you The third step Configuring Wine shows how to customize a Wine installation depending on your individual needs The final step Running Wine covers the specific steps you can take to get a particular application to run better under Wine and provides useful links in case you need further help What is Wine Windows and Linux Different software programs are designed for different operating systems and most won t work on systems that they weren t designed for Windows programs for example won t run in Linux because they contain instructions that the system can t understand until they re translated by the Windows environment Linux programs likewise won t run under the Windows operating system because Windows is unable to interpret all of their instructions This situation presents a fundamental problem for anyone who wants to run software for both Windows and Linux A common solution to this problem is to install both operating systems on the same computer known as dual booting When a Windows program is needed the user boots the machine into Windows to run it when a Linux program is then needed the user then reboots the machine into Linux This option presents great difficulty not only must the user endure the frustration of frequent rebooting but programs for both platforms can t be run simultaneously Having Windows on a system also creates an added burden the software is expens
46. en source Bochs http bochs sourceforge net and QEMU http fabrice bellard free fr qemu can run both Windows and ReactOS virtually Other commercial virtual machine offerings include VMware http www vmware com and Microsoft s VirtualPC http www microsoft com windowsxp virtualpc There are significant drawbacks to using virtual machines however Unlike Wine such programs are emulators so there is an inevitable speed decrease which can be quite substantial Furthermore running an application inside a virtual machine prevents fully integrating the application within the current environment You won t for example be able to have windows system tray icons or program shortcuts sitting alongside your desktop Linux ones since instead the Windows applications must reside completely within the virtual machine Chapter 2 Getting Wine If you decided that you can use and want to use Wine e g after having read the introductory chapter then as a first step you need to find a good compatible Wine version that you like and that works on your system and after you found one the next step is to transfer its files to your system somehow This chapter is here to tell you what you need to take care of in order to successfully accomplish these two steps How to download Wine There are three different methods of how the files belonging to Wine may be brought downloaded to your system e Getting a single Wine package file specificall
47. eriencing If you post to wine devel you should be prepared to do a little work to help diagnose the problem Read the section below to find out how to debug the source of your problem e Ifall else fails you may wish to investigate commercial versions of Wine to see if your application is supported Debug it Finding the source of your problem is the next step to take There is a wide spectrum of possible problems ranging from simple configurations issues to completely unimplemented functionality in Wine The next section will describe how to file a bug report and how to begin debugging a crash For more information on using Wine s debugging facilities be sure to read the Wine Developers Guide How To Report A Bug Please report all bugs along any relevant information to Wine Bugzilla http bugs winehq org Please search the Bugzilla database to check whether your problem is already reported If it is already reported please add any relevant information to the original bug report 56 Chapter 7 Troubleshooting Reporting bugs All Bug Reports Some simple advice on making your bug report more useful and thus more likely to get answered and fixed 1 Post as much relevant information as possible This means we need more information than a simple MS Word crashes whenever I run it Do you know why Include at least the following information Which version of Wine you re using run wine v The name of the Operating s
48. esponding directory would be usr local wine_c windows Make one if you don t already have one No trailing slash not C windows Write access strongly recommended as Windows programs always assume write access to the Windows directory ShowDirSymlinks 1 Wine doesn t pass directory symlinks to Windows programs by default as doing so may crash some programs that do recursive lookups of whole subdirectory trees whenever a directory symlink points back to itself or one of its parent directories That s why we disallowed the use of directory symlinks and added this setting to reenable 1 this functionality If you really need Wine to take into account symlinked directories then reenable it but be prepared for crashes in certain Windows programs when using the above method in other words enabling it is certainly not recommended Old Path Temp System configuration are now moved into the registry See the Environment Variables paragraph 23 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine More detailed explanation about file system differences Windows uses a different and inferior way than Unix to describe the location of files in a computer Thus Windows programs also expect to find this different way supported by the system Since we intend to run Windows programs on a Unix system we re in trouble as we need to translate between these different file access techniques Windows uses drive letters to describe drives or any other form of
49. fiddle with this May be useful if your wine is stripped The DllOverrides Section The format for this section is the same for each line lt DLL gt lt DLL gt lt DLL gt lt FORM gt lt FORM gt lt FORM gt For example to load built in KERNEL pair case doesn t matter here kernel kerne1l32 builtin To load the native COMMDLG pair but if that doesn t work try built in commdlg comd1lg32 native builtin To load the native COMCTL32 comct132 native Here is a good generic setup As it is defined in config that was included with your wine package D1llOverrides rpcrt4 builtin native oleaut32 builtin native ole32 builtin native commdlg builtin native comdlg32 builtin native ver builtin native version builtin native shell builtin native shel132 builtin native shfolder builtin native shlwapi builtin native shdocvw builtin native lzexpand builtin native TEZO 2N builtin native comct132 builtin native commctril builtin native advapi32 builtin native ertal 1 builtin native mpr builtin native winspool drv builtin native ddraw builtin native 17 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine dinput builtin native dsound builtin native openg132 builtin native msvert native builtin msvideo built
50. for the bash shell other shells may have a different syntax export MYENVIRONMENTVAR myenvironmentvarsetting This will make sure your Windows program can access the MYENVIRONMENTVAR environment variable once you start your program using Wine If you want to have MYENVIRONMENTVAR set permanently then you can place the setting into etc profile or also bashrc in the case of bash Note however that there are some exceptions to the rule If you want to change the PATH SYSTEM or TEMP variables the of course you can t modify it that way since this will alter the Unix environment settings Instead you should set them into the registry To set them you should launch wine regedit and then go to the HKEY_CURRENT_USER Environment key Now you can create or modify the values of the variables you need System c windows system This sets up where the windows system files are The Windows system directory should reside below the directory used for the Windows setting Thus when using usr local wine_c_windows as Windows path the system directory would be usr local wine_c windows system It must be set with no trailing slash and you must be sure that you have write access to it Temp c temp This should be the directory you want your temp files stored in usr local wine_c temp in our previous example Again no trailing slash and write access Path c windows c windows system c blanco
51. fortunately most difficult configuration part how to configure the file system and DOS drive environment that Windows programs need In the last step we ll tell you how to establish a working Windows registry base Finally the remaining parts of this chapter contain descriptions of specific Wine configuration items that might also be of interest to you What are the requirements of a fully working Windows environment A Windows installation is a very complex structure It consists of many different parts with very different functionality We ll try to outline the most important aspects of it e Registry Many keys are supposed to exist and contain meaningful data even in a newly installed Windows e Directory structure Applications expect to find and or install things in specific predetermined locations Most of these directories are expected to exist But unlike Unix directory structures most of these locations are not hardcoded and can be queried via the Windows API and the registry This places additional requirements on a Wine installation e System DLLs In Windows these usually reside in the system or system32 directory Some Windows programs check for their existence in these directories before attempting to load them While Wine is able to load its own internal DLLs so files when the program asks for a DLL Wine does not simulate the presence of non existent files While the users are of course free to set up everything the
52. g HOWTO CD Writing HOWTO htm1 for ide scsi setup instructions 2 Compile generic SCSI drivers into your kernel 3 This seems to be not required any more for newer 2 2 x kernels Linux by default uses smaller SCSI buffers than Windows There is a kernel build define SG_BIG_BUFF in sg h that is by default set too low The SANE project recommends 130560 and this seems to work just fine This does require a kernel rebuild 4 Make the devices for the scanner generic SCSI devices look at the SCSI programming HOWTO at http www linuxdoc org HOWTO SCSI Programming HOWTO html http www linuxdoc org HOWTO SCSI Programming HOWTO html for device numbering 5 I would recommend making the scanner device writable by a group I made a group called scanner and added myself to it Running as root increases your risk of sending bad SCSI commands to the wrong device With a regular user you are better protected 6 For Win32 software WNASPI32 Wine has auto detection in place For Win16 software WINASPI you need to add a SCSI device entry for your particular scanner to wine config The format is scsi cCtTdD where C controller T target D LUN For example I set mine up as controller 0 Target 6 LUN 0 scsi cO0t6d0 Device dev sgi Yours will vary with your particular SCSI setup Notes The biggest drawback is that it only works under Linux at the moment The ASPI code has only been tested with e a Mustek
53. g Wine To remove the patch use the R option patch p0 R lt patch_to_apply diff If you want to do a test run to see if the patch will apply successfully e g if the patch was created from an older or newer version of the tree you can use the dry run parameter to run the patch without writing to any files patch p0 dry run lt patch_to_apply diff patch is pretty smart about extracting patches from the middle of a file so if you save an email with an inlined patch to a file on your hard drive you can invoke patch on it without stripping out the email headers and other text patch ignores everything that doesn t look like a patch The p0 option to patch tells it to keep the full file name from the patch file For example if the file name in the patch file was wine programs clock main c Setting the p0 option would apply the patch to the file of the same name i e wine programs clock main c Setting the p1 option would strip off the first part of the file name and apply the patch to programs clock main c The p1 option would be useful if you named your top level wine directory differently than the person who sent you the patch For the p1 option patch should be run from the top level wine directory 10 Chapter 3 Compiling the Wine Source In case you downloaded Wine source code files this chapter will tell you how to compile it into binary files before installing them Otherwise please proceed directly to
54. he standard Wine codebase in some way or another Some of these are commercial products from companies that actively contribute to the Wine project These products try to stand out or distinguish themselves from the standard version of Wine by offering greater compatibility easier configuration and commercial support If you require such things it is a good idea to consider purchasing these products Table 1 1 Various Wine offerings Product Description Distribution Form CodeWeavers CrossOver Office CrossOver Office allows you to http www codeweavers com productsisffilejour favorite Windows productivity applications in Linux without needing a Microsoft Operating System license CrossOver includes an easy to use single click interface which makes installing a Windows application simple and fast Commercial 30 day fully functional demo available CodeWeavers CrossOver Office Server Edition CrossOver Office Server Edition allows you to run your favorite http www codeweavers com product amp kindffivsgaroduytivity applications in la distributed thin client environment lunder Linux without needing Microsoft Operating System licenses for each client machine CrossOver Office Server Edition allows you to satisfy the needs of literally hundreds lof concurrent users all from a single server Commercial TransGaming Technologies Cedega http www transgaming com Cedega formerly known
55. i message mmsys mpr msi msvideo nls oledlg pidl progress quartz relay scroll animate bidi caret clipping commdlg curses datetime ddraw_geom dinput dmfile dmstyle dplay dsound3d eventlog fps graphics icmp int iphlpapi listbox mci mciwave metafile mmtime msacm msimg32 mswsock nonclient olerelay powermgnt propsheet ras resource seh aspi bitblt cdrom combo computername cursor dc ddraw_tex dll dmfiledat dmsynth dplayx edit exec g711 header icon int21 jack listview mcianim mdi midi module msdmo msisys nativefont ntdll opengl print psapi rebar richedit selector 49 server snmpapi storage tab thread toolhelp twain uxtheme wc_font wineconsole wininet wintab32 xrandr For more details about debug channels check out the The Wine Developer s Guide setupapi snoop stress tape thunk tooltips typelib ver win wine_d3d winmm wnet xrender shdocvw sound string tapi tid trackbar uninstaller virtual win32 winevdm winsock xl ldrv xvidmode http wine codeweavers com docs wine devel wineserver Command Line Options shell static syscolor task timer treeview updown vxd wineboot wing winspool x1 Isettings Chapter 6 Running Wine shlctrl statusbar system text toolbar ttydrv urlmon wave winecfg winhelp wintab xdnd wineserver usually gets started automatically by Wine whenever the first wine process gets sta
56. ical files for example to determine the DirectX version Empty files will not do in this case it is rather necessary to install files with complete version resources This problem is currently being worked on In the meantime you may still need to grab some real DLL files to fool these apps with And there are of course DLLs that wine does not currently implement very well or at all If you do not have a real Windows you can steal necessary DLLs from you can always get some from one of the Windows DLL archive sites that can be found via internet search engine Please make sure to obey any licenses on the DLLs you fetch some are redistributable some aren t Missing DLLs In case Wine complains about a missing DLL you should check whether this file is a publicly available DLL or a custom DLL belonging to your program by searching for its name on the internet If you managed to get hold of the 35 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine DLL then you should make sure that Wine is able to find and load it DLLs usually get loaded according to the mechanism of the SearchPath function This function searches directories in the following order 1 The directory the program was started from 2 The current directory 3 The Windows system directory 4 The Windows directory 5 The PATH variable directories In short either put the required DLL into your program directory might be ugly or usually put it into the Windows system direct
57. in native msvfw32 builtin native mcicda drv builtin native mciseq drv builtin native mciwave drv builtin native mciavi drv native builtin mcianim drv native builtin msacm drv builtin native msacm builtin native msacm32 builtin native midimap drv builtin native you can specify programs too notepad exe native builtin default for all other DLLs x native builtin Note If loading of the libraries that are listed first fails wine will just go on by using the second or third option The fonts Section This section sets up wine s font handling Resolution 96 Since the way X handles fonts is different from the way Windows does wine uses a special mechanism to deal with them It must scale them using the number defined in the Resolution setting 60 120 are reasonable values 96 is a nice in the middle one If you have the real windows fonts available this parameter will not be as important Of course it s always good to get your X fonts working acceptably in wine Default adobe times The default font wine uses Fool around with it if you d like OPTIONAL The Alias setting allows you to map an X font to a font used in wine This is good for apps that need a special font you don t have but a good replacement exists The syntax is like so AliasxX Fake windows name Real X name lt optional masking section
58. ine section of wine config Configuring the x11drv graphics driver x11drv modes of operation The x11drv driver consists of two conceptually distinct pieces the graphics driver GDI part and the windowing driver USER part Both of these are linked into the 1ibx11drv so module though which you load with the GraphicsDriver option In Wine running on X11 the graphics driver must draw on drawables window interiors provided by the windowing driver This differs a bit from the Windows model where the windowing system creates and configures device contexts controlled by the graphics driver and programs are allowed to hook into this relationship anywhere they like Thus to provide any reasonable tradeoff between compatibility and usability the x1 l1drv has three different modes of operation Managed The default Specified by using the Managed wine configuration file option see below Ordinary top level frame windows with thick borders title bars and system menus will be managed by your window manager This lets these programs integrate better with the rest of your desktop but may not always work perfectly a rewrite of this mode of operation to make it more robust and less patchy is currently being done though and it s planned to be finished before the Wine 1 0 release 36 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine Unmanaged Normal Window manager independent any running window manager is ignored completely Window decorations
59. ion Database http appdb winehq org to check for any tips relating to the program If your specific version of the program isn t listed you may find a different one contains enough information to help you out e Frank s Corner http www frankscorner org contains a list of applications and detailed instructions for setting them up Further help can be found in the user forums e Google http www google com can be useful depending on how you use it You may find it helpful to search Google Groups http groups google com in particular the comp emulators ms windows wine http groups google com groups hl en amp lr amp ie UTF 8 amp group comp emulators ms windows wine group e Freenode net http www freenode net hosts an IRC channel for Wine You can access it by using any IRC client such as Xchat The settings you ll need are server irc freenode net port 6667 and channel winehq If you have a program that needs the Visual Basic Runtime Environment you can download it from this Microsoft site http www microsoft com downloads details aspx FamilyID bf9a24f9 b5c5 48f4 8edd cdf2d29a79d5 amp DisplayLang en Ifyou know you are missing a DLL such as mfc42 you may be able to find it at www dll files com http www dll files com e Wine s mailing lists http www winehq org site forums ml may also help especially wine users The wine devel list may be appropriate depending on the type of problem you are exp
60. ive requires a separate disk partition and is unable to read most filesystem formats making the sharing of data between operating systems difficult Chapter 1 Introduction What is Wine and how can it help me Wine makes it possible to run Windows programs alongside any Unix like operating system particularly Linux At its heart Wine is an implementation of the Windows Application Programing Interface API library acting as a bridge between the Windows program and Linux Think of Wine as a compatibility layer when a Windows program tries to perform a function that Linux doesn t normally understand Wine will translate that program s instruction into one supported by the system For example if a program asks the system to create a Windows pushbutton or text edit field Wine will convert that instruction into its Linux equivalent in the form of a command to the window manager using the standard X11 protocol If you have access to the Windows program s source code Wine can also be used to recompile a program into a format that Linux can understand more easily Wine is still needed to launch the program in its recompiled form however there are many advantages to compiling a Windows program natively within Linux For more information see the Winelib User Guide Wine features Throughout the course of its development Wine has continually grown in the features it carries and the programs it can run A partial list of these features fo
61. lar DLL configurations Also see WWN s 16 Status Page to figure out how well your favorite DLL is implemented in Wine It is of course also possible to override these settings by explicitly using Wine s d11 command line option see the man page for details Some hints for choosing your optimal configuration listed by 16 32 bit DLL pair krn1386 kernel32 Native versions of these will never work so don t try Leave at builtin gdi gdi32 Graphics Device Interface No effort has been made at trying to run native GDI Leave at builtin user user32 Window management and standard controls It was possible to use Win95 s nat ive versions at some point if all other DLLs that depend on it such as comct 32 and comdlg32 were also run nat ive However this is no longer possible after the Address Space Separation so leave at builtin ntdll NT kernel API Although badly documented the nat ive version of this will never work Leave at builtin w32skrnl Win32s for Win3 x The nat ive version will probably never work Leave at builtin wow32 Win16 support library for NT The native version will probably never work Leave at builtin system Win16 kernel stuff Will never work nat ive Leave at builtin display Display driver Definitely leave at builtin 33 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine toolhelp Tool helper routines This is rarely a source of problems Leave at builtin ver version Versioning Seldom useful to me
62. le you could map your Windows drive C onto your Unix directory usr share wine c Then the Windows folder C Windows Fonts would be at usr share wine C Windows Fonts in your Unix file system Make sure that you have assigned drive letters for directories that will cover all the items Wine needs to access These include the programs that you run the data files they need and the Wine debugger in case anything goes wrong It is best to use a number of drive letters and map them onto directories that cover small sections of the file system containing the files that Wine will need to access This is safer than simply assigning a single drive letter to the Unix root directory which would allow Windows applications to access the whole of your Unix file system subject of course to Unix permissions If one of them misbehaved or if you accidentally installed a virus this might leave you vulnerable For replaceable media such as floppy discs and CD ROMs you should map Windows drive letters onto the mount points for these drives in your Unix file system for example mnt floppy or mnt cdrom If your applications access serial and parallel ports directly you should map these onto the corresponding Unix devices for example dev ttys0 and dev 1p0 Windows Directory Structure Here s the fundamental layout that Windows programs and installers expect and that we thus need to configure properly in Wine Without it they seldomly operate co
63. lers will default to C Program Files which is fine If the application installer requests it you may find that Wine creates icons on your desktop and in your app menu If that happens you can start the app by clicking on them The standard way to uninstall things is for the application to provide an uninstaller usually registered with the Add Remove Programs control panel applet To access the Wine equivalent run the uninstaller program it is located in the programs uninstaller directory in a Wine source directory in a terminal uninstaller Some programs install associated control panel applets examples of this would be Internet Explorer and QuickTime You can access the Wine control panel by running in a terminal wine control which will open a window with the installed control panel applets in it as in Windows If the application doesn t install menu or desktop items you ll need to run the app from the command line Remembering where you installed to something like wine c program files appname appname exe will probably do the trick The path isn t case sensitive but remember to include the double quotes Some programs don t always use obvious naming for their directories and EXE files so you might have to look inside the program files directory to see what was put where How to run Wine You can simply invoke the wine command to get a small help message Wine 20040405 Usage wine PROGRAM ARGUMENTS
64. ling an installed Wine Debian package can be done by running dpkg l grep wine The second column of the output if any of this command will indicate the installed packages dealing with wine The corresponding packages can be uninstalled by running dpkg r lt package_name gt where lt package_name gt is the name of the Wine related package which you want to uninstall Linux Red Hat Mandrake SUSE and other distributions using RPM Most distributions provide a graphical tool for installing RPM packages you can use it by simply clicking Or double clicking depending on your system settings on the RPM If you don t have a graphical RPM manager installed using a shell switch to the directory where you downloaded the RPM package file to Once there type this one command as root adapting the package file name as required rpm ivh wine 20031212 i386 rpm 12 Chapter 4 Installing or uninstalling Wine You may also want to install the wine devel package If you ve installed wine graphically you can uninstall it using your graphical RPM manager Gnorpm Kpackage Yast Mandrake Control Center and so on alternatively uninstalling a installed Wine RPM package can be done from a shell by running rpm qa grep i wine This command will indicate the installed packages dealing with wine The corresponding packages can be uninstalled by running rpm e lt package_name gt where lt package_name gt is the nam
65. ll provide their inner features The WaveMapper represents the name of the module containing the Wave Mapper driver Only one wave mapper can be defined in the system e The MidiMapper represents the name of the module containing the MIDI Mapper driver Only one MIDI mapper can be defined in the system The Network Section Network contains settings related to networking Currently there is only one value that can be set UseDnsComputerName A boolean setting default y that affects the way Wine sets the computer name The computer name in the Windows world is the so called NetBIOS name It is contained in the ComputerName in the registry entry HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE System CurrentControlSet Control ComputerName ComputerName If this option is set to Y or missing Wine will set the NetBIOS name to the Unix host name of your computer if necessary truncated to 31 characters The Unix hostname is the output of the shell command hostname up to but not including the first dot C Among other things this means that Windows programs running under Wine cannot change the NetBIOS computer name If this option is set to N Wine will use the registry value above to set the NetBIOS name Only if the registry entry doesn t exist usually only during the first wine startup it will use the Unix hostname as usual Windows programs can change the NetBIOS name The change will be effective after a reboot i e after restarting Wine 2
66. llows e Support for running Win32 Win 95 98 NT 2000 XP Win16 Win 3 1 and DOS programs e Optional use of external vendor DLL files such as those included with Windows e X11 based graphics display allowing remote display to any X terminal as well as a text mode console e Desktop in a box or mixable windows DirectX support for games e Good support for various sound drivers including OSS and ALSA e Support for alternative input devices e Printing PostScript interface driver psdrv to standard Unix PostScript print services e Modem serial device support e Winsock TCP IP networking support e ASPI interface SCSI support for scanners CD writers and other devices e Advanced unicode and foreign language support Full featured Wine debugger and configurable trace logging messages for easier troubleshooting Versions of Wine Wine from Wine HQ Wine is an open source project and there are accordingly many different versions of Wine for you to choose from The standard version of Wine comes in intermittant releases roughly once a month and can be downloaded over the internet in both prepackaged binary form and ready to compile source code form Alternatively you can install a development version of Wine by using the latest available source code on the CVS server See the next chapter Getting Wine for further details Other Versions of Wine Chapter 1 Introduction There are a number of programs that are derived from t
67. m If you want to install Wine from the FreeBSD CD ROM run in a terminal su mount cdrom cd cdrom packages Al11l pkg_add wine_ X X X tgz These FreeBSD install instructions completely install the Wine files on your system you may then proceed to the Configuration section You can also download a FreeBSD package of wine from the sourceforge net Wine download page http sourceforge net project showfiles php group_id 6241 Other systems The first place you should look if your system isn t specifically mentioned above is the WineHQ Download Page http www winehq org download This page lists many assorted archives of binary precompiled Wine files You could also try to use Google http www google com search q wine package download to track down miscellaneous distribution packages Getting Wine source code If you are going to compile Wine instead of installing binary Wine files either to use the most recent code possible or to improve it then the first thing to do is to obtain a copy of the source code We ll cover how to retrieve and compile the source releases from the official archives and also how to get the cutting edge up to the minute fresh Wine source code from CVS Concurrent Versions System Once you have downloaded Wine source code according to the instructions below there are two ways to proceed If you want to manually install and configure Wine then go to the Compiling section If instead y
68. mselves the Wine team will make the automated Wine source installation script tools wineinstall do everything we find necessary to do running the conventional configure amp amp make depend amp amp make amp amp make install cycle is thus not recommended unless you know what you re doing At the moment tools wineinstal11 is able to create a configuration file install the registry and create the directory structure itself Easy configuration helper programs Managing the Wine configuration file settings can be a difficult task sometimes too difficult for some people That s why there are some helper applications for easily setting up an initial wine configuration file with useful default settings wineinstall wineinstall is a small configuration tool residing as tools wineinstall ina Wine source code tree It has been written to allow for an easy and complete compilation installation of Wine source code for people who don t bother with reading heaps of very valuable and informative documentation Once you have successfully extracted the Wine source code tree change to the main directory of it and then run as user tools wineinstall 14 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine Doing so will compile Wine install Wine and configure the Wine environment either by providing access to a Windows partition or by creating a properly configured no windows directory environment Verification of correct configuration TODO After
69. named AnApp must be able to read and write to the c windows and c AnApp directories as well as have read access to the entire FAT filesystem On this system the FAT filesystem has default permissions which should not be changed for security reasons or can not be changed due to lack of root access On this system a shadow directory might be set up in the following manner gt ed 27 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine gt mkdir c_shadow gt cd c_shadow c_shadow gt 1ln s c_ c_shadow gt rm windows AnApp c_shadow gt ep R c_ windows AnApp c_shadow gt chmod R 777 windows AnApp c_shadow gt perl p i e s c c_shadow g wine config The above gives everyone complete read and write access to the windows and AnApp directories while only root has write access to all other directories Drive labels and serial numbers Wine can read drive volume labels and serial numbers directly from the device This may be useful for many Win 9x games or for setup programs distributed on CD ROMs that check for volume label What s Supported File System Types Comment IFAT systems hd floppy reads labels and serial numbers ISO9660 cdrom reads labels and serial numbers not mixed mode CDs yet How To Set Up Reading labels and serial numbers just works automatically if you specify the correct symbolic links for the devices with double colons after the drive letters in your dosdevices directory Not
70. nce CVS is installed you can now do a login on our CVS server and checkout download the Wine source code First let s do the server login to connect to the US server export CVSROOT pserver cvs cvs winehq org home wine evs login To connect to the EU server export CVSROOT pserver cvs rh1x01 fht esslingen de home wine Chapter 2 Getting Wine cvs login If evs successfully connects to the CVS server then you will get a CVS password prompt Simply enter cvs as the password the password is case sensitive no capital letters After login we are able to download the Wine source code tree Please make sure that you are in the directory that you want to have the Wine source code in the Wine source code will use the subdirectory wine in this directory since the subdirectory is named after the CVS module that we want to check out We assume that your current directory might be your user s home directory To download the Wine tree into the subdirectory wine run evs z3 checkout wine Downloading the CVS tree might take a while some minutes to few hours depending on your connection speed Once the download is finished you should keep a note of which directory the newly downloaded wine directory is in by running pwd Print Working Directory pwd Later you will be able to change to this directory by running ed lt some_dir gt where lt some_dir gt is the directory that pwd gave you By run
71. ne crashes you re in trouble although not as badly as in the DGA case since you can still use the keyboard to get out of X This specifies whether you want DirectDraw to use XFree86 s Direct Graphics Architecture DGA which is able to take over the entire display and run the game full screen at maximum speed With DGA1 XFree86 3 x you still have to configure the X server to the game s requested bpp first but with DGA2 XFree86 4 x runtime depth switching may be possible depending on your driver s capabilities But be aware that if Wine crashes while in DGA mode it may not be possible to regain control over your computer without rebooting DGA normally requires either root privileges or read write access to dev mem DesktopDoubleBuffered Applies only if you use the desktop command line option to run in a desktop window Specifies whether to create the desktop window with a double buffered visual something most OpenGL games need to run correctly AllocSystemColors Applies only if you have a palette based display i e if your X server is set to a depth of 8bpp and if you haven t requested a private color map It specifies the maximum number of shared colormap cells palette entries Wine should occupy The higher this value the less colors will be available to other programs PrivateColorMap Applies only if you have a palette based display i e if your X server is set to a depth of 8bpp It specifies that you don
72. ne user see Dealing with FAT VFAT partitions on how to do that or you Il have to copy over some parts of the Windows partition content to a directory of a Unix partition and make sure this directory structure is writable by your user We HIGHLY DISCOURAGE people from directly using a Windows partition with write access as a base for Wine some programs notably Explorer corrupt large parts of the Windows partition in case of an incorrect setup you ve been warned Not to mention that NTFS write support in Linux is still very experimental and dangerous in case you re using an NT based Windows version using the NTFS file system Thus we advise you to go the Unix directory way 25 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine Dealing With FAT VFAT Partitions This document describes how FAT and VFAT file system permissions work in Linux with a focus on configuring them for Wine Introduction Linux is able to access DOS and Windows file systems using either the FAT older 8 3 DOS filesystems or VFAT newer Windows 95 or later long filename filesystems modules Mounted FAT or VFAT filesystems provide the primary means for which existing programs and their data are accessed through Wine for dual boot Linux Windows systems Wine maps mounted FAT file systems such as c to drive letters such as c by means of symbolic links in the dosdevices directory Thus in your dosdevices directory you could type the command In s c c Alth
73. neconsole which provide extended facilities The following table describes what you can do and cannot do with those three ways Table 6 2 Basic differences in consoles Function Bare streams Wineconsole amp user backend Wineconsole amp curses backend How to run assuming executable is called foo exe S wine foo exe wineconsole badkenttrersmrs dh fiom exe You can also use backend curses as an Windows streams to the standard Unix streams stdin stdout stderr new Window hence requiring the USER32 DLL is available where all information will be displayed option Good support for line Yes Yes Yes oriented CUI applications which print information line after line Good support for full screen No Yes Yes CUI applications including but not limited to color support mouse support Can be run even if X11 is Yes No Yes not running Implementation Maps the standard Wineconsole will create a Wineconsole will use existing unix console from which the program is run land with the help of the n curses library take control of all the terminal surface for interacting with the user Known limitations Will produce strange behavior if two or more Windows consoles are used jon the same Un x terminal Configuration of CUI executables When wineconsole is used several configuration options are available Wine as Windows do stores on a per a
74. ning ed wine you can now change to the directory of the Wine CVS tree you just downloaded Since you now have a fully working Wine source tree by having followed the steps above you re now well prepared to go to the Wine installation and configuration steps that follow Updating the Wine CVS tree After a while you might want to update your Wine CVS tree to the current version Before updating the Wine tree it might also be a good idea to run make uninstall as root in order to uninstall the installation of the previous Wine version To proceed with updating Wine simply ed to the Wine CVS tree directory then run if you re using the US server make distclean cvs update PAd The make distclean part is optional but it s a good idea to remove old build and compile configuration files before updating to a newer Wine version Once the CVS update is finished you can proceed with installing Wine again as usual Updating Wine with a Patch If you got Wine source code e g via a tar archive file you have the option of applying patches to the source tree to update to a newer Wine release or to fix bugs and add experimental features Perhaps you ve found a bug reported it to the Wine mailing list mailto wine devel winehq org and received a patch file to fix the bug You can apply the patch with the patch command which takes a streamed patch from stdin cd wine patch p0 lt patch_to_apply diff Chapter 2 Gettin
75. nly extracted names appear in the font selection dialogs e Masking alias replaces the original extracted name so that in the example case we will have the following mapping X font is masked to Extracted name international gt System Nonmasking aliases are transparent to the user and they do not replace extracted names Wine discards an alias when it sees that the native X font is available If you do not have access to Windows fonts mentioned in the first paragraph you should try to substitute the System font with nonmasking alias The xfontsel application will show you the fonts available to X Alias System bold font without serifs 40 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine Also some Windows applications request fonts without specifying the typeface name of the font Font table starts with Arial in most Windows installations however X font table starts with whatever is the first line in the fonts dir Therefore Wine uses the following entry to determine which font to check first Example Default adobe times Comments It is better to have a scalable font family bolds and italics included as the default choice because mapper checks all available fonts until requested height and other attributes match perfectly or the end of the font table is reached Typical X installations have scalable fonts in the fonts Typel and fonts Speedo directories How To Manage Cache
76. nstalled Wine for the first time and want to finish Wine installation by configuring it now then you could use our sample configuration file config which can be found in the directory document ation samples of the Wine source code directory as a base for adapting the Wine configuration file to the settings you want First I should mention that you should not forget to make sure that any previous configuration file at wine config has been safely moved out of the way instead of simply overwriting it when you will now copy over the sample configuration file If you don t have a pre existing configuration file and thus need to copy over our sample configuration file to the standard Wine configuration file location do in a terminal mkdir wine cp dir_to_wine_source_code documentation samples config wine config Otherwise simply use the already existing configuration file at wine config 15 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine Now you can start adapting the configuration file s settings with an editor according to the documentation below Note that you should only change configuration file settings if wineserver is not running in other words if your user doesn t have a Wine session running otherwise Wine won t use them and even worse wineserver will overwrite them with the old settings once wineserver quits What Does It Contain Let s start by giving an overview of which sections a configuration file may contain
77. o help you in other words how much do you want to pay Verify your wine configuration Refer to the Configuration verification section Use different windows version settings In several cases using different windows version settings can help Use different startup paths This sometimes helps too Try to use both wine prg exe and wine x full path to prg exe Fiddle with DLL configuration Run with WINEDEBUG loaddll to figure out which DLLs are being used and whether they re being loaded as native or built in Then make sure you have proper native DLL files in your configured C windows system directory and fiddle with DLL load order settings at command line or in config file Check your system environment Just an idea could it be that your Wine build execution environment is broken Make sure that there are no problems whatsoever with the packages that Wine depends on gcc glibc X libraries OpenGL E g some people have strange failures to find stuff when using wrong header files for the right libraries which results in days of debugging to desperately try to find out why that lowlevel function fails in a way that is completely beyond imagination ARGH Use different GUI Window Manager modes Instruct Wine via config file to use either desktop mode managed mode or plain ugly normal mode That can make one hell of a difference too Check your app Maybe your app is using some kind of
78. o turn it off use class channel To list more than one channel in the same WINEDEBUG option separate them with commas For example to request warn class messages in the heap debug channel you could invoke wine like this WINEDEBUG warntheap wine program_name 48 Chapter 6 Running Wine If you leave off the message class wine will display messages from all four classes for that channel WINEDEBUG heap wine program name If you wanted to see log messages for everything except the relay channel you might do something like this WINEDEBUG all relay wine program_name Here is a list of the debug channels and classes in Wine More channels will be added to or subtracted from later versions Table 6 1 Debug Channels accel atom bitmap cfgmgr32 comboex console d3d ddeml debugstr dma dmime dmusic dpnhpast enhmetafile file gdi heap imagehlp int31 joystick loaddll mciavi menu mmaux monthcal msg msrle32 netapi32 odbc pager process psdrv reg rundll32 adpcm avicap cabinet class comm crtdll d3d_shader ddraw devenum dmband dmloader dosfs driver environ fixup global hook imagelist io key local mcicda menubuilder mmio mpeg3 mshtml msvert netbios ole palette profile qcap region sblaster advapi avifile capi clipboard commctrl crypt d3d_surface ddraw_fps dialog dmcompos dmscript dosmem dsound event font glu hotkey imm ipaddress keyboard mapi mcimid
79. ory Just find out its directory by having a look at the Wine configuration file variable System which indicates the location of the Windows system directory and the associated drive entry Note that you probably shouldn t use NT based native DLLs since Wine s NT API support is somewhat weaker than its Win9x API support thus leading to even worse compatibility with NT DLLs than with a no windows setup so better use Win9x native DLLs instead or no native DLLs at all Fetching native DLLs from a Windows CD The Linux cabextract utility can be used to extract native Windows dll files from cab files that are to be found on many Windows installation CDs Configuring the graphics driver x11drv ttydrv etc Wine currently supports several different display subsystems graphics text that are available on various operating systems today For each of these Wine implements its own interfacing driver This section explains how to select one of these drivers and how to further configure the respective driver Once you re finished with that you can consider your Wine installation to be finished The display drivers currently implemented in Wine are x11drv which is used for interfacing to X11 graphics the one you ll most likely want to use and ttydrv used for text mode console apps mainly that don t really need any graphics output Once you have decided which display driver to use it is chosen with the GraphicsDriver option in the w
80. ou could use the following series of commands vi usr share wine wine inf e Edit the copy of wine inf to suit your PostScript printing requirements At a minimum you must specify a PPD file for each printer wineprefixcreate Required configuration for all printer types You won t need Adobe Font Metric AFM files for the type 1 PostScript fonts that you wish to use any more Wine now has this information built in You ll need a PPD file for your printer This describes certain characteristics of the printer such as which fonts are installed how to select manual feed etc Adobe has many of these on its website have a look in ftp ftp adobe com pub adobe printerdrivers win all ftp ftp adobe com pub adobe printerdrivers win all See above for information on configuring the driver to use this file To enable colour printing you need to have the ColorDevice entry in the PPD set to t rue otherwise the driver will generate greyscale Note that you need not set printer on in the wine section of the wine config file this enables printing via external printer drivers and does not affect the built in PostScript driver If you re lucky you should now be able to produce PS files from Wine I ve tested it with win3 1 notepad write Winword6 and Origin4 0 and 32 bit apps such as win98 wordpad Winword97 Powerpoint2000 with some degree of success you should be able to get something out it may not be in the right place
81. ou want automatic installation then go straight to the Configuration section to make use of wineinstall to automatically install and configure Wine You may also need to know how to apply a source code patch to your version of Wine Perhaps you ve uncovered a bug in Wine reported it to the Wine Bugzilla http bugs winehq org or the Wine mailing list mailto wine devel winehq org and received a patch from a developer to hopefully fix the bug We will show you how to safely apply the patch and revert it if it doesn t work Chapter 2 Getting Wine Getting Wine Source Code from the official archives The safest way to grab the source is from one of the official archives An up to date listing is in the ANNOUNCE http www winehq org source ANNOUNCE file in the Wine distribution which you would have if you already downloaded it Here is a list of servers carrying Wine _ ftp ftp ibiblio org pub Linux ALPHA wine development ftp ftp ibiblio org pub Linux ALPHA wine development e sourceforge net download page http sourceforge net project showfiles php group_id 624 1 amp package_id 77449 The official releases are tagged by date with the format Wine YY YYMMDD tar gz Your best bet is to grab the latest one I d recommend placing the Wine archive file that you chose into the directory where you intend to extract Wine In this case let s just assume that it is your home directory Once you have downloaded a Wine
82. ough VFAT filesystems are preferable to FAT filesystems for their long filename support the term FAT will be used throughout the remainder of this document to refer to FAT filesystems and their derivatives Also c will be used as the FAT mount point in examples throughout this document Most modern Linux distributions either detect or allow existing FAT file systems to be configured so that they can be mounted in a location such as c either persistently on bootup or on an as needed basis In either case by default the permissions will probably be configured so that they look like gt ed c c gt ls 1 rwWxr xr x L oot root 91 Oct 10 17 58 autoexec bat rwWXr xr x 1 root root 245 Oct 10 17 58 config sys drwxr xr x 41 root root 16384 Dec 30 1998 windows where all the files are owned by root are in the root group and are only writable by root 755 permissions This is restrictive in that it requires that Wine be run as root in order for programs to be able to write to any part of the filesystem There are three major approaches to overcoming the restrictive permissions mentioned in the previous paragraph 1 Run Wine as root 2 Mount the FAT filesystem with less restrictive permissions 3 Shadow the FAT filesystem by completely or partially copying it Each approach will be discussed in the following sections Running Wine as root Running Wine as root is the easiest and most thorough way of giving program
83. p is to hook the Unix ODBC library to the wine built in odbc32 DLL The built in odbc32 currently looks to the environment variable LIB_ODBC_DRIVER_MANAGER for the name of the ODBC library For example in the author s bashre file is the line export LIB_ODBC_DRIVER_MANAGER usr lib libodbc so 1 0 0 If that environment variable is not set then it looks for a library called libodbc so and so you can add a symbolic link to equate that to your own library For example as root you could run the commands ln s libodbc so 1 0 0 usr lib libodbc so sbin ldconfig The last step in configuring this is to ensure that Wine is set up to run the built in version of odbc32 dll by modifying the DLL configuration This built in DLL merely acts as a stub between the calling code and the Unix ODBC library If you have any problems then you can use WINEDEBUG odbc32 command before running wine to trace what is happening One word of warning Some programs actually cheat a little and bypass the ODBC library For example the Crystal Reports engine goes to the registry to check on the DSN The fix for this is documented at unixODBC s site where there is a section on using unixODBC with Wine Using Windows ODBC drivers Native ODBC drivers have been reported to work for many types of databases including MSSQL and Oracle In fact some like MSSQL can only be accessed on Linux through a Winelib app Rather than just copying DLL files most ODBC drivers
84. pers have found necessary to install applications are distributed in a file called wine inf It is automatically installed for you if you use the tools wineinstall script in the Wine source but if you want to install it manually you can do so by using the regedit tool to be found in the programs regedit directory in Wine source wine inf is applied even if you plan to use a native Windows registry since Wine needs some specific registry settings in its registry for special workarounds for certain programs etc This is done automatically by wine the first time you run it Using a Windows registry If you point Wine at an existing Windows installation by setting the appropriate directories in wine config then Wine is able to load registry data from it However Wine will not save anything to the real Windows registry but rather to its own registry files see below Of course if a particular registry value exists in both the Windows registry and in the Wine registry then Wine will use the latter In the Wine config file there are a number of configuration settings in the registry section see below specific to the handling of Windows registry content by Wine The Registry The initial default registry content to be used by the Wine registry files is in the file wine inf It contains directory paths class IDs and more it must be installed before most INSTALL EXE or SETUP EXE applications will work Registr
85. pplication basis several options in the registry This let a user for example define the default screen buffer size he would like to have for a given application As of today only the USER backend allows you to edit those options we don t recommend editing by hand the registry contents This edition is fired when a user right click in the console this popups a menu where you can either choose from e Default this will edit the settings shared by all applications which haven t been configured yet So when an application is first run on your machine under your account in wineconsole wineconsole will inherit this default settings for the application Afterwards the application will have its own settings that you ll be able to modify at your will 52 Chapter 6 Running Wine Properties this will edit the application s settings When you re done with the edition you ll be prompted whether you want to 1 Keep these modified settings only for this session next time you run the application you will not see the modification you ve just made 2 Use the settings for this session and save them as well so that next you run your application you ll use these new settings again Here s the list of the items you can configure and their meanings Table 6 3 Wineconsole configuration options Configuration option Meaning Cursor s size Defines the size of the cursor Three options ar
86. r program the correct version value that it expects then the program might assume some very bad things and fail in the worst case even silently Fortunately Wine contains some more or less intelligent Windows version guessing algorithm that will try to guess the Windows version a program might expect and pass that one on to the program Thus you should not lightly configure a version value as this will be a forced value and thus turn out to be rather harmful to proper operation In other words only explicitly set a Windows version value in case Wine s own version detection was unable to provide the correct Windows version and the program fails How to configure the Windows and DOS version value Wine should return The version values can be configured in the wine configuration file in the Version section Windows lt version string gt default none chosen by semi intelligent detection mechanism based on DLL environment Used to specify which Windows version to return to programs forced value overrides standard detection mechanism Valid settings are e g win31 win95 win98 win2k winxp Also valid as an AppDefaults setting recommended preferred use DOS lt version string gt Used to specify the DOS version that should be returned to programs Only takes effect in case Wine acts as win31 Windows version Common DOS version settings include 6 22 6 20 6 00 5 00 4 00 3 30 3 10 Also valid as an AppDefa
87. require a Windows based installer to run to properly configure things such as registry keys In order to set up MSSQL support you will first need to download and run the mdac_typ exe installer from microsoft com In order to configure your ODBC connections you must then run CLICONFG EXE and ODBCAD32 EXE under Wine You can find them in the windows system directory after mdac_typ runs Compare the output of these programs with the output on a native Windows machine Some things such as protocols may be missing because they rely on being installed along with the operating system If so you may be able to copy missing functionality from an existing Windows installation as well as any registry values required A native Windows installation configured to be used by Wine should work the same way it did when run natively Types successfully tested under wine DB Type Usefulness MS SQL 100 Please report any other successes to the wine devel mailto wine devel winehq org mailing list 46 Chapter 6 Running Wine This chapter will describe all aspects of running Wine like e g basic Wine invocation command line parameters of various Wine support programs etc Basic usage applications and control panel applets Assuming you are using a fake Windows installation you install applications into Wine in the same way you would in Windows by running the installer You can just accept the defaults for where to install most instal
88. ring Wine Introduction To DLL Sections There are a few things you will need to know before configuring the DLL sections in your wine configuration file Windows DLL Pairs Most windows DLL s have a win16 Windows 3 x and win32 Windows 9x NT form The combination of the winl6 and win32 DLL versions are called the DLL pair This is a list of the most common pairs Win16 Win32 Native a IKERNEL IKERNEL32 INo USER USER32 No SHELL SHELL32 Yes GDI GDI32 No COMMDLG COMDLG32 Yes VER VERSION Yes Notes a Is it possible to use native DLL with wine See next section Different Forms Of DLL s There are a few different forms of DLL s wine can load native The DLL s that are included with windows Many windows DLL s can be loaded in their native form Many times these native versions work better than their non Microsoft equivalent other times they don t builtin The most common form of DLL loading This is what you will use if the DLL is too system specific or error prone in native form KERNEL for example you don t have the native DLL or you just want to be Microsoft free so Native ELF libraries Has became obsolete ignored elfdll ELF encapsulated windows DLL s No longer used ignored DLL Overrides native The wine configuration file directives DllDefaults and DIlOverrides are the subject of some confusion The overall purpose of most of these directives are
89. rrectly If you intend to use a no windows environment not using an existing Windows partition then it is recommended to use either WineSetupTk s or wineinstall s capabilities to create an initial windows directory tree since creating a directory structure manually is tiresome and error prone G Root directory of primary disk drive Windows Windows directory containing INI files accessories etc System Win3 x 95 98 ME directory for common DLLs WinNT 2000 directory for common 16 bit DLLs System32 WinNT 2000 directory for common 32 bit DLLs Start Menu Program launcher directory structure Programs Program launcher links LNK files to programs Program Files Application binaries EXE and DLL files The dosdevices Directory The dosdevices directory contains the entries that tell Wine how to map Windows disc drive letters onto Unix file system nodes and how to map Windows serial and parallel ports onto Unix devices It is located in the wine sub directory of your home directory i e wine dosdevices The entries in the dosdevices directory are symbolic links to Unix file system nodes and devices You can create them by using the In command in a Unix terminal Alternatively many File Managers have the capability of creating symbolic links For example if you have decided to map your Windows C drive onto usr share wine c you could type the following after changing to your dosdevices directory 22
90. rted However wineserver has some useful command line options that you can add if you start it up manually e g via a user login script or so d lt n gt Sets the debug level for debug output in the terminal that wineserver got started in at level lt n gt In other words everything greater than 0 will enable wineserver specific debugging output h Display wineserver command line options help message k n Kill the current wineserver optionally with signal n p n This parameter makes wineserver persistent optionally for n seconds It will prevent wineserver from shutting down immediately Usually wineserver quits almost immediately after the last wine process using this wineserver terminated However since wineserver loads a lot of things on startup such as the whole Windows registry data its startup might be so slow that it s very useful to keep it from exiting after the end of all Wine sessions by making it persistent W This parameter makes a newly started wineserver wait until the currently active wineserver instance terminates 50 Chapter 6 Running Wine Setting Windows DOS environment variables Your program might require some environment variable to be set properly in order to run successfully In this case you need to set this environment variable in the Linux shell since Wine will pass on the entire shell environment variable settings to the Windows environment variable space Example
91. s userdef reg is missing All of these files are human readable text files so unlike Windows you can actually use an ordinary text editor on them if you want make sure you don t have Wine running when modifying them otherwise your changes will be discarded FIXME global configuration currently not implemented In addition to these files Wine can also optionally load from global registry files residing in the same directory as the global wine conf ie usr local etc if you compiled from source These are wine systemreg Contains HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE wine userreg Contains HKEY_USERS System administration With the above file structure it is possible for a system administrator to configure the system so that a system Wine installation and applications can be shared by all the users and still let the users all have their own personalized configuration An administrator can after having installed Wine and any Windows application software he wants the users to have access to copy the resulting system reg and user reg over to the global registry files which we assume will reside in usr local etc here with cd wine cp system reg usr local etc wine systemreg cp user reg usr local etc wine userreg and perhaps even symlink these back to the administrator s account to make it easier to install apps system wide later ln sf usr local etc wine systemreg system reg ln sf usr local etc wine userreg user reg
92. s that Wine runs unrestricted access to FAT files systems Running wine as root also allows programs to do things unrelated to FAT filesystems such as listening to ports that are less than 1024 Running Wine as root is dangerous since there is no limit to what the program can do to the system so it s HIGHLY DISCOURAGED Mounting FAT filesystems The FAT filesystem can be mounted with permissions less restrictive than the default This can be done by either changing the user that mounts the FAT filesystem or by explicitly changing the permissions that the FAT filesystem is mounted with The permissions are inherited from the process that mounts the FAT filesystem Since the process that 26 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine mounts the FAT filesystem is usually a startup script running as root the FAT filesystem inherits root s permissions This results in the files on the FAT filesystem having permissions similar to files created by root For example gt whoami root gt touch root_file gt ls 1 root_file zry r i 1 root root 0 Dec 10 00 20 root_file which matches the owner group and permissions of files seen on the FAT filesystem except for the missing x s The permissions on the FAT filesystem can be changed by changing root s umask unset permissions bits For example gt umount c gt umask 022 gt umask 073 gt mount c gt ed c c gt ls I EWR 1 root root 91 Oct 10 17 58 autoexec bat rwx r
93. seaeeees 13 5 COmM urine WANE sses siressa nsore eneses o a oa o aas e easar ras oudidsesnaceesducsuassudesasonsasessastosdeaseaseedsens 14 What are the requirements of a fully working Windows environment seessseseessessessesesssrererrereseereeseseeeeeesese 14 Easy configuration helper programs ccescecsseeseeceseeceseessecscecseeenecencecsecesaececesseeesaeececesseeesaeeeaeeeseeeaeeeeeenees 14 Verification of Correct configuration 0 0 eee eeeeeee cee ceeceseeeeceseeseecaecaecsacsaeeseceeseseeeaecaecsaesaecseceecseeeseaseaeesaesase 15 The Wine Configuration Pile sys 0sssi scbesses casasass geasbsastecesesety e E TEE E E T EEE s 15 Disc Drives Serial and Parallel Ports soinnin raa E E E E E EEAS 21 The Regis eee aeara E a Aaaa Ee oE E eee ee teas chia ESES eee SAREE SEES 29 DIEL COMM BULATION 3 eneee eeno eo E EE E E E E EE AER E EEE EE EES 31 Configuring the graphics driver XL 1drv ttydrv etc ooo cesceeeeseeceecaeessesaeceeceeeeeseeeeseesaecaecaeseseeseeseeees 36 Setting the Windows and DOS version value 00 0 0 cece ceceeeesceeceseeeeecaeceseeseeseceeceseeaecaecsaesaecneceeceseeseseaseaaeaaesase 38 Dealing with FODS secs c sce s5ds5sssgss sees csach Seeds sings E ochssces ESE coe soudea haga sees RESE RETO Eae ESES SREDE EIERE 38 Printine in Wine ensenis ie aree aces AEE cubes EKENS EKE EAEE ans cugncutebenlershses SAEPE REA a AESKA 42 SCSI Support eara a s e RETE A EE E E Ase Aa T E tes 44 Using ODBC r e a A E E A hist
94. ss with advapi32 Registry and security features Trying the nat ive version of this may or may not work commdlg comdlg32 Common Dialogs such as color picker font dialog print dialog open save dialog etc It is safe to try native commetrl comctl32 Common Controls This is toolbars status bars list controls the works It is safe to try native shell shell32 Shell interface desktop filesystem etc Being one of the most undocumented pieces of Windows you may have luck with the nat ive version should you need it winsock wsock32 Windows Sockets The nat ive version will not work under Wine so leave at builtin icmp ICMP routines for wsock32 As with wsock32 leave at builtin mpr The native version may not work due to thunking issues Leave at builtin Izexpand 1z32 Lempel Ziv decompression Wine s builtin version ought to work fine winaspi wnaspi32 Advanced SCSI Peripheral Interface The nat ive version will probably never work Leave at builtin crtdll C Runtime library The nat ive version will easily work better than Wine s on this one winspool drv Printer spooler You are not likely to have more luck with the nat ive version ddraw DirectDraw Direct3D Since Wine does not implement the DirectX HAL the native version will not work at this time dinput DirectInput Running this nat ive may or may not work dsound DirectSound It may be possible to run this nat ive but don t count on it dplay dpla
95. stem j Get a freetype source archive freetype X Y tar gz Read docs unpack configure and install Test the library e g ftview 20 dosc win95 fonts times Get xfsft betale linux i586 Install it and start it when booting e g in an re script The manpage for xfs applies Follow the hints given by lt williamc dai ed ac uk gt I HUW WN I got xfsft from http www dcs ed ac uk home jec progindex html I have it running all the time Here is usr X11R6 lib X11 fs config 41 clone self use syslog catalogue on off c windows fonts usr X11R6 lib X11 fs fs errors 120 75 75 100 100 error file default point siz default resolutions Obviously c windows fonts is where my Windows fonts on my mnt dosC windows system for Win31 In c windows fonts fonts scale I have Chapter 5 Configuring Wine Win95 C drive live could be e g 14 arial ttf monotype arial medium r normal 0 0 0 0 p 0 iso8859 1 arialbd ttf monotype arial bold r normal 0 0 0 0 p 0 iso8859 1 arialbi ttf monotype arial bold o normal 0 0 0 0 p 0 iso8859 1 ariali ttf monotype arial medium o normal 0 0 0 0 p 0 iso8859 1 cour ttf monotype courier medium r normal 0 0 0 0 p 0 iso08859 1 courbd ttf monotype courier bold r normal 0 0 0 0 p 0 iso8859 1 courbi ttf monotype courier bold o normal 0 0 0 0 p 0 iso08859 1 couri ttf monotyp
96. storage media and to access files on them For example common drive names are C for the main Windows system partition on the first harddisk and A for the first floppy drive Also Windows uses backslash as the directory separator sign whereas Unix uses slash Thus an example document on the first data partition in Windows might be accessed by the name of D mywork mydocument txt So much for the Windows way of doing things Well the problem is in Unix there is no such thing as drive letters Instead Unix chose to go the much better way of having one single uniform directory tree starting with the root directory which has various storage devices such as e g harddisk partitions appended at various directory locations within the tree an example would be datal mywork which is the first data partition mounted attached to a directory called data1 in the root directory mywork is a sub directory of the data partition file system that s mounted under data1 In Unix the Windows example document mentioned above could e g be accessed by the name of datal mywork mydocument txt provided that the administrator decided to mount attach the first data partition at the directory datal inside the Unix directory tree Note that in Unix the administrator can choose any custom partition location he wants here datal1 whereas in Windows the system selects any drive letter it deems suitable for the first data partition here D
97. t 2 Along with the the relevant information used to create it Do not cut and paste the report in the bug description it is pretty big and it will make a mess of the bug report If you do this your chances of receiving some sort of helpful response should be very good Please search the Bugzilla database to check whether your problem is already reported If it is already reported attach the output file report_file to the original bug report and add any other relevant information 58 Glossary Binary A file which is in machine executable compiled form hex data as opposed to a source code file CVS Concurrent Versions System a software package to manage software development done by several people See the CVS chapter in the Wine Developers Guide for detailed usage information Distribution A distribution is usually the way in which some vendor ships operating system CDs usually mentioned in the context of Linux A Linux environment can be shipped in lots of different configurations e g distributions could be built to be suitable for games scientific applications server operation desktop systems etc DLL A DLL Dynamic Link Library is a file that can be loaded and executed by programs dynamically Basically it s an external code repository for programs Since usually several different programs reuse the same DLL instead of having that code in their own file this dramatically reduces required storage space A synon
98. t implement this yet it instead prints out something like STUB AddFontResource SOMEFILE FON You can convert this file too Note that FON file may not hold any bitmap fonts and fnt2bdf will fail if this is the case Also note that although the above message will not disappear Wine will work around the problem by using the font you extracted from the SOMEFILE FON fnt2bdf will only work for Windows 3 1 fonts It will not work for TrueType fonts What to do with TrueType fonts There are several commercial font tools that can convert them to the Typel format but the quality of the resulting fonts is far from stellar The other way to use them is to get a font server capable of rendering TrueType Caldera has one there also is the free xfstt in Linux X11 fonts on sunsite and mirrors if you re on FreeBSD you can use the port in usr ports x1l1 servers Xfstt And there is xfsft which uses the freetype library see freetype description However there is a possibility of the native TrueType support via FreeType renderer in the future hint hint How To Add Font Aliases To wine config Many Windows applications assume that fonts included in original Windows 3 1 distribution are always present By default Wine creates a number of aliases that map them on the existing X fonts Windows font iS Mapped to X font MS Sans Serif gt adobe helvetica MS Serif gt bitstream charter
99. t need it don t use it read 0x779 0x379 0x280 0x2a0 Gives direct read access to those IO s write 0x779 0x379 0x280 0x2a0 Gives direct write access to those IO s It s probably a good idea to keep the values of the read and write settings the same This stuff will only work when you re root The Debug Registry and programs Sections Debug is used to include or exclude debug messages and to output them to a file The latter is rarely used These are all optional and you probably don t need to add or remove anything in this section to your config In extreme cases you may want to use these options to manage the amount of information generated by WINEDEBUG relay File blanco Sets the logfile for wine Set to CON to log to standard out This is rarely used SpyExclude WM_SIZE WM_TIMER Excludes debug messages about WM_SIZE and WM_TIMER in the logfile SpyInclude WM_SIZE WM_TIMER Includes debug messages about WM_S1ZE and WM_TIMER in the logfile RelayInclude user32 CreateWindowA comct132 Include only the listed functions in a WINEDEBUG relay trace This entry is ignored if there is a RelayExclude entry RelayExclude RtlEnterCriticalSection RtlLeaveCriticalSection Exclude the listed functions in a WINEDEBUG relay trace This entry overrides any settings in a RelayInclude entry If neither entry is present then the
100. tely required to have a Wine drive mapping entry For example if you had a publicly writable Windows directory space under usr mywine then in order to be able to access this sub directory tree from Wine you should have a drive mapping entry that maps a certain drive letter for example let s take drive letter P either to usr mywine or usr to also access any directories belonging to the parent directory or to also access any directory whatsoever on this system by this drive letter mapping The DOS drive directory location to access files in usr mywine in Wine in these configuration cases would then be P or P mywine or P usr mywine respectively Installing Wine Without Windows A major goal of Wine is to allow users to run Windows programs without having to install Windows on their machine Wine implements the functionality of the main DLLs usually provided with Windows Therefore once Wine is finished you will not need to have Windows installed to use Wine Wine has already made enough progress that it may be possible to run your target programs without Windows installed If you want to try it follow these steps 24 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine 1 Make a symbolic link in wine dosdevices to the directory where you want C to be Refer to the wine man page for more information The directory to be used for emulating a C drive will be the base directory for some Windows specific directories created below 2
101. ttydrv here then you won t be able to run a lot of Windows GUI programs ttydrv is still pretty broken at running graphical apps Thus this option is mainly interesting for e g embedded use of Wine in web server scripts Note that ttydrv is still very lacking so if it doesn t work resort to using xvfb a virtual X11 16 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine server Another way to run Wine without display would be to run X11 via Xvnc then connect to that VNC display using xvncviewer that way you re still able to connect to your app and configure it if need be Printer off on Tells wine whether to allow printing via printer drivers to work This option isn t needed for our built in psdrv printer driver at all Using these things are pretty alpha so you might want to watch out Some people might find it useful however If you re not planning to work on printing via windows printer drivers don t even add this to your wine configuration file It probably isn t already in it Check out the spooler and parallelports sections too ShellLinker wineshelllink This setting specifies the shell linker script to use for setting up Windows icons in e g KDE or Gnome that are given by programs making use of appropriate shell32 dll functionality to create icons on the desktop start menu during installation SymbolTableFile wine sym Sets up the symbol table file for the wine debugger You probably don t need to
102. ults setting recommended preferred use 38 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine Dealing with Fonts Fonts Note The fnt2bdf utility is included with Wine It can be found in the tools directory Links to the other tools mentioned in this document can be found on wine headquarters http Awww winehq org development How To Convert Windows Fonts If you have access to a Windows installation you should use the fnt2bdf utility found in the tools directory to convert bitmap fonts VGASYS FON SSERIFE FON and SERIFE FON into the format that the X Window System can recognize 1 Extract bitmap fonts with fnt2bdf 2 Convert bdf files produced by Step 1 into pcf files with bdftopef 3 Copy pcf files to the font server directory which is usually usr lib X11 fonts misc you will probably need superuser privileges If you want to create a new font directory you will need to add it to the font path 4 Run mkfontdir for the directory you copied fonts to If you are already in X you should run xset fp rehash to make X server aware of the new fonts You may also or instead have to restart the font server using e g etc init d xfs restart under Red Hat 7 1 5 Edit the wine config file to remove aliases for the fonts you ve just installed Wine can get by without these fonts but the look and feel may be quite different Also some applications try to load their custom fonts on the fly WinWord 6 0 and since Wine does no
103. whether registry data will be written to the user s registry files Currently there is no alternative so if you turn this off Wine cannot save the registry on disk at all after you exit Wine your changes will be lost SaveOnlyUpdatedKeys Controls whether the entire registry is saved to the user s registry files or only subkeys the user have actually changed Considering that the user s registry will override any global registry files and Windows registry files it usually makes sense to only save user modified subkeys that way changes to the rest of the global or Windows registries will still affect the user PeriodicSave If this option is set to a nonzero value it specifies that you want the registry to be saved to disk at the given interval If it is not set the registry will only be saved to disk when the wineserver terminates UseNewFormat This option is obsolete Wine now always uses the new format support for the old format was removed a while ago DLL configuration Introduction If your programs don t work as expected then it s often because one DLL or another is failing This can often be resolved by changing certain DLLs from Wine built in to native Windows DLL file and vice versa A very useful help to find out which DLLs are loaded as built in and which are loaded as native Windows file can be the debug channel loaddll activated via the environment variable WINEDEBUG loaddll 31 Chapter 5 Configu
104. y adapted to your particular system which contains various binary files of Wine Getting a single compressed archive file usually tar gz which contains all source code files of a standard Wine release version e Downloading from a CVS server which contains the very latest development source code files of Wine Which Wine form should pick Now that we told you about the different Wine distribution methods available let s discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods Wine distribution methods Wine package file Intended user level Beginner to Advanced Using Wine package files is easy for three reasons They install everything else that s needed for their operation they usually preconfigure a lot and you don t need to worry about compiling anything or so You can get the official wine packages from the sourceforge net Wine download page http sourceforge net project showfiles php group_id 6241 Wine source code via archive file Intended user level Advanced to Expert A Wine source code archive file can be used if you want to compile your own standard Wine release By using differential patch files to newer Wine versions you can easily upgrade your outdated Wine directory However as you need to manually download patch files and you re only able to download the most current standard Wine release this is not necessarily the best method to use The only advantage a Wine source archive has is that it is
105. y structure The Windows registry is an elaborate tree structure and not even most Windows programmers are fully aware of how the registry is laid out with its different hives and numerous links between them a full coverage is out of the scope of this document But here are the basic registry keys you might need to know about for now HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE This fundamental root key in win9x it s stored in the hidden file system dat contains everything pertaining to the current Windows installation HKEY_USERS This fundamental root key in win9x it s stored in the hidden file user dat contains configuration data for every user of the installation HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT This is a link to HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE Software Classes It contains data describing things like file associations OLE document handlers and COM classes HKEY_CURRENT_USER This is a link to HKEY_USERS your_username i e your personal configuration 29 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine Wine registry data files In the user s home directory there is a subdirectory named wine where Wine will try to save its registry by default It saves into four files which are system reg This file contains HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE user reg This file contains HKEY_CURRENT_USER userdef reg This file contains HKEY_USERS Default i e the default user settings wine userreg Wine saves HKEY_USERS to this file both current and default user but does not load from it unles
106. ym for a DLL would be library Editor An editor is usually a program to create or modify text files There are various graphical and text mode editors available on Linux Examples of graphical editors are nedit gedit kedit xemacs gxedit Examples of text mode editors are joe ae emacs vim vi In a terminal simply run them via editorname filename Environment variable Environment variables are text definitions used in a Shell to store important system settings In a bash shell the most commonly used one in Linux you can view all environment variables by executing set If you want to change an environment variable you could run export MYVARIABLE mycontent For deleting an environment variable use unset MYVARIABLE 59 Glossary Package A package is a compressed file in a distribution specific format It contains the files for a particular program you want to install Packages are usually installed via the dpkg or rpm package managers root root is the account name of the system administrator In order to run programs as root simply open a Terminal window then run su This will prompt you for the password of the root user of your system and after that you will be able to system administration tasks that require special root privileges The root account is indicated by the prompt whereas indicates a normal user account Shell A Shell is a tool to enable users to interact with
107. ystem you re using what distribution if any and what version i e Linux Red Hat 7 2 e Which compiler and version run gcc v If you didn t compile wine then the name of the package and where you got it from Windows version if used with Wine Mention if you don t use Windows The name of the program you re trying to run its version number and a URL for where the program can be obtained if available The exact command line you used to start wine i e wine C Program Files Test program exe The exact steps required to reproduce the bug Any other information you think may be relevant or helpful such as X server version in case of X problems libc version etc 2 Re run the program with the WINEDEBUG environment variable WINEDEBUG relay option i e WINEDEBUG relay wine sol exe This will output additional information at the console that may be helpful in debugging the program It also slows the execution of program There are some cases where the bug seems to disappear when relay is used Please mention that in the bug report Crashes If Wine crashes while running your program it is important that we have this information to have a chance at figuring out what is causing the crash This can put out quite a lot several MB of information though so it s best to output it to a file When the Wine dbg gt prompt appears type quit You might want to try relay snoop instead of relay but please
108. yx DirectPlay The nat ive version ought to work best on this if at all mmsystem winmm Multimedia system The native version is not likely to work Leave at builtin 34 Chapter 5 Configuring Wine msacm msacm32 Audio Compression Manager The builtin version works best if you set msacm drv to the same msvideo msvfw32 Video for Windows It is safe and recommended to try native mcicda drv CD Audio MCI driver mciseq drv MIDI Sequencer MCI driver MID playback mciwave drv Wave audio MCI driver WAV playback mciavi drv AVI MCI driver AVI video playback Best to use native mcianim drv Animation MCI driver msacm drv Audio Compression Manager Set to same as msacm32 midimap drv MIDI Mapper wprocs This is a pseudo DLL used by Wine for thunking purposes A native version of this doesn t exist System DLLs The Wine team has determined that it is necessary to create fake DLL files to trick many programs that check for file existence to determine whether a particular feature such as Winsock and its TCP IP networking is available If this is a problem for you you can create empty files in the configured c windows system directory to make the program think it s there and Wine s built in DLL will be loaded when the program actually asks for it Unfortunately tools wineinstall1 does not create such empty files itself Applications sometimes also try to inspect the version resources from the phys

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