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Baumer TXG User's Guide for Gigabit Ethernet

1. t t readout n readout n 1 Readout t notready TriggerReady TriggerSkipped J Ll 2 29 30 2 4 4 3 TriggerOverlapped This signal is active as long as the sensor is exposed and read out at the same time which means the camera is operated overlapped Trigger di TL dL t t exposure n 1 treadout n treadout n 1 Readout Trigger Overlapped Once a valid trigger signal occures not within a readout the TriggerOverlapped signal changes to state low 2 4 4 4 ReadoutActive While the sensor is read out the camera signals this by means of ReadoutActive Trigger di t t exposure n exposure n 1 Exposure treadout n treadout n 1 Readout Readout Active 2 5 Environmental Requirements 2 5 1 Temperature and Humidity Range Storage temperature Operating temperature For environmental temperatures ranging from value A to value B please pay atten waywas Temperature 10 C 70 C 14 F 158 F 5 C 50 C 41 F 122 F max 50 C 122 F tion to the max housing temperature The values are listed in the table below Camera Type Value A Value B Monochrome TXG02 26 C 78 8 F 50 C 122 F TXG03 40 C 104 F 50 C 122 F TXG04 39 102 2 50 122 TXG06 39 C 102 2 50 122 TXG08 40 C 104 F 50 C 122 F
2. 64 SEMEN E n 65 9 0 4 65 5 7 Packet A 66 5 71 IDEST 66 5 7 2 Fault 1 Lost Packet within Data Stream 66 5 7 3 Fault 2 Lost Packet at the End of the Data 66 5 7 4 Termination Conditlonms miii n ETE Y RE TERRE NER 67 5 8 Message 68 5 8 1 Event Generation nei rere ri d n 68 5 9 Action Command Trigger over 69 5 9 1 Example Triggering Multiple Cameras 69 6 1 70 6 1 Start Stop Acquisition 70 6 2 Start Stop 70 6 3 Pause Resume Interface a 70 6 4 Acquisition 70 06 4 1 Free IRUDDID 70 m Mel
3. 41 A VO sed 41 44 10 e Ree 41 4 2 Color Process 42 4 3 Color Adjustment White 42 4 3 1 User specific Color 42 4 3 2 One Push White Balance 43 4 4 1 Offset Black 43 4A 2 GAIN m 44 4 5 Pixel GortectlOn c Io 44 4 5 1 General information 44 4 5 2 Correction Algorithm 45 4 5 3 45 4 6 Process Interface erret 46 4 6 1 Digital IOS PE 46 4 6 2 JO Roin snus rend ecu ter ee 48 4 63 A 49 4 6 4 Trigger SOU Clica 49 SA A sse ea 50 4 6 6 Flash SIQMAl u retener eei et 50 46T A LII DR 51 4 6 8 Frame Counter xi pner ied et 52 24 7 SEQUENCE raiz ar IA EROR RE RR CR eT O ai 53 4 1 1 General InformatiOn orones it 53 4 7 2 B
4. Resolution Frames nue max fps Monochrome Color TXG03m3 TXG03cm3 1 3 656 x 494 656 x 490 90 TXG04m3 1 2 656 x 494 56 TXG06m3 TXG06cm3 1 2 776 x 582 776 x 578 64 TXG08m3 TXG08cm3 1 3 1032 x 776 1032 x 772 28 TXG13m3 TXG13cm3 1 2 1392 x 1040 1384 x 1036 20 TXG14m3 TXG14cm3 2 3 1392 x 1040 1384 x 1036 20 TXG14fm3 2 3 1392 1040 30 TXG20m3 TXG20cm3 1 1 8 1624 x 1236 1624 x 1232 16 TXG50m3 TXG50cm3 2 3 2448 x 2050 2448 x 2050 15 Dimensions Photosensitive surface of the lt Figure 6 Dimensions of a Baumer TXG camera with additional 5 m3 amp 1 4 1 67 Cameras Water and dust protected camera and lens Different tube length depending the lens Safe from accidental adjustment of the lens Figure 7 Front and rear view of a Baumer TXG I7 camera with IP67 housing Sensor re Camera Type Resolution Frames Size max fps Monochrome Color TXG03 17 TXGO3c I7 1 3 656 x 494 656 x 490 90 TXG04 17 TXG04c I7 1 2 656 x 494 656 x 490 56 TXG06 17 TXGO6c I7 1 2 776 x 582 776 x 578 64 TXG08 17 TXG08c I7 1 3 1032 x 776 1032 x 772 28 TXG13 I7 TXG13c I7 1 2 1392 x 1040 1384 x 1036 20 TXG14 I7 TXG14c I7 23 1392 x 1040 1384 x 1036 20 TXG14f 17 2 3 1392 x 1040 30 TXG20 17 TXG20c I7 1 1 8 1624 x 1236 1624 x 1232 16 TXG50 17 TXG50c I7 2 3 2448 x 2050 2448 x 2050 15 Camera Dimensions C Mount Bi x gt Figur
5. ssasasa 70 0 4 3 SEQUENCE 70 f Lens Mounting III 71 8 Cleaning Cover 1 55 71 A AEn EEEE NE 73 10 Warranty Notes cai 73 11 Transport Si rag LLULLU 73 Le nbpuld 74 124 M 74 12 2 FCC Class B Device cesses iaa 74 12 3 UL Class Ill Device uu ett rog cox be oett 74 13 SUP POM 75 1 Portfolio All Baumer Gigabit Ethernet cameras of the TXG family are characterized by Best image quality Flexible image acquisition Fast image transfer Perfect integration Compact design Reliable operation High quality progressive scan CCD sensors with highest sensitivity Image output data in 8 10 12 bit resolution Low noise and structure free image information High quality mode with minimum noise Exposure times from 4 us to 60 000 ms Binning and true partial scan readout modes Industrially compliant process interface with parameter setting capability trigger and flash Reliable transmission at 1000 Mbit sec acco
6. thash n thash n 1 Flash I thashdelay I I I I I I I treadout n treadout n 1 Readout I I I I A exposure time frame n effective B image parameters frame n effective C exposure time frame n 1 effective D image parameters frame n 1 effective E earliest possible trigger Offset Gain Mode Partial Scan 25 Timings A exposure time frame n effective B image parameters frame n effective C exposure time frame n 1 effective D image parameters frame 1 effective E earliest possible trigger Image parameters Offset Gain Mode Partial Scan 26 2 4 3 2 Overlapped Operation texposure n 2 gt texposure n 1 If the exposure time iens is increased form the current acquisition to the next acquisi tion the time the camera is unable to process occuring trigger signals t is scaled down ov This can be simulated with the formulas mentioned above no 2 or 4 as is the case OI 1 1 1 Trigger DES triggerdelay texposure n texposure n 1 texposure n 2 Exposure t 1 treadout n readout n 1 Readout 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 thotready TriggerReady 1 1 1 i 1 thash n thash n 1 Flash i tt kd thashdelay 2 4 3 3 Overlapped Operation texposure n 2 lt texposure n 1 If the exposure time t is decreased from
7. lt pFeature gt BoSequencerLoops lt pFeature gt Number of sequences m lt pFeature gt BoSequencerSetRepeats lt pFeature gt Number of repetitions n lt pFeature gt BoSequencerFramesPerTrigger lt pFeature gt Number of frames per trigger 2 lt pFeature gt BoSequencerExposure lt pFeature gt Parameter exposure lt pFeature gt BoSequencerGain lt pFeature gt Parameter gain lt Category gt 4 7 3 Sequencer Modes The sequencer supports four different modes which can be activated in the xml file via a combination of features BoSequencerRunOnce and BoSequencerFreeRun Mode Activation Description ONCE BY TRIGGER BoSequencerRunOnce 1 The sequencer will run one complete BoSequencerFreeRun 0 cycle m sequences It is started by an incoming trigger event ONCE FREE BoSequencerRunOnce 1 The sequencer will run one complete BoSequencerFreeRun 1 cycle m sequences It is started di rectly CYCLE BY TRIGGER BoSequencerRunOnce 0 The sequencer will run continuously It BoSequencerFreeRun 0 is started by an incoming trigger event CYCLE FREE BoSequencerRunOnce 0 The sequencer will run continuously It BoSequencerFreeRun 1 is started directly 4 7 4 Modality In general the procedure of sequencer integration is a Sequencer activation via BoSequencerEnable b Setting selector for set of parameters to minimum via BoSequencerSetSelector c Adjustment of parameters via BoSequencerExposure and BoSequencerGain d Se
8. mm mm TXG03 17 0 07 0 07 0 08 0 08 0 75 0 025 TXG06 17 0 07 0 07 0 08 0 08 0 75 0 025 TXG08 17 0 07 0 07 0 08 0 08 0 75 0 025 TXG13 17 0 05 0 05 0 06 0 06 0 75 0 025 TXG14 17 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 85 0 025 TXG20 17 0 05 0 05 0 06 0 06 0 75 0 025 TXG50 17 0 05 0 05 0 06 0 06 0 75 0 025 2 3 Process and Data Interfaces 2 3 1 Interfaces of Camera Types Camera 8P8C 8P8C M8 M8 M8 M12 Type mod jack mod jack 3 pins 4 pins 8 pins 8 pins LED Standard E a a m 17 n n E a 7 a m3 n E a 2 3 2 Pin Assignment 2 3 2 1 Gigabit Ethernet Interface 8P8C mod jack 8P8C mod jack with LED 1 gn wh MX1 1 gn wh MX1 negative positive 2 gn MX1 2 gn MX1 negative positive Vor 3 og wh MX2 3 og wh MX2 positive negative Vor 4 bu MX3 4 bu MX3 5 bu wh MX3 5 bu wh MX3 6 og MX2 6 og MX2 positive negative 7 bn wh MX4 7 bn wh MX4 8 bn MX4 8 bn MX4 12 8 pins 1 white MX3 2 brown MX4 3 green MX4 4 yellow MX1 5 grey MX2 6 pink MX1 7 blue MX3 8 red MX2 2 3 2 2 Power Supply and Digital lOs M8 3 pins M8 4 pins M8 8 pins 2 4 3 1 1 3 4 1 brown Power Vec 1 brown TriglN 1 white Out3 3 blue GND 2 white TriglN 2 brown In2 4 black NC 3 blue Flash 3 green In 1 4 black U 4 yellow 5 green IO Power Voc 6 pink Out1 7 ble Out2 8 red 2
9. Baumer Baumer TXG User s Guide for Gigabit Ethernet Cameras Document Version v4 7 Release 11 11 2014 Document Number 11037655 Table of Contents 4 ZsuJn 6 1 1 Standard Cameras dish Rie 7 1 2 Standard Cameras with Power over Ethernet POE 8 1 3 Standard Cameras with In and 9 1 4 1267 tert ed ena n a qe NER det a quya 10 1 4 1 Protective Caps cuire um a u 11 1 4 2 Maximal Objective Length inside Protective 11 1 4 3 Determination of the Required Tube Length 12 2 Product 5 1 NR 16 2 1 Spectral Sensitivity for Baumer TXG 16 2 2 Field of View 19 2 2 1 Standard 19 2 2 2 Cameras with IP67 Housing eiie LEE ERE 20 2 3 Process and Data 21 2 3 1 Interfaces of Camera
10. Non overlapped Operation Overlapped Operation Here the time intervals are long enough In this operation the exposure of a frame to process exposure and readout succes 1 takes place during the readout of sively frame n Exposure Exposure Readout Readout 2 4 1 Free Running Mode In the Free Running mode the camera records images permanently and sends them to the PC In order to achieve an optimal with regard to the adjusted exposure time t and image format the camera is operated overlapped In case of exposure times equal to less than the readout time t S treadout the maxi mum frame rate is provided for the image format used For longer exposure times the frame rate of the camera is reduced 1 texposure n texposu re n 1 treadout n s lE treadout n 1 Readout _ O L _ I thash n thash n 1 Flash I ice thashdelay trash texposure 2 4 2 Fixed Frame Rate Mode With this feature Baumer introduces a clever technique to the TXG camera series that enables the user to predefine a desired frame rate in continous mode For the employment of this mode the cameras are equipped with an internal clock genera tor that creates trigger pulses Notice From a certain frame rate skipping internal triggers is unavoidable In general this de pends on the combination of adjusted frame rate exposure and readout times Non overlapped means the same as sequential
11. TXG08c TXG12c TXG13c TXG14c TXG20c TXG50c 36 4 1 3 Exposure Time On exposure of the sensor the inclination of photons produces a charge separation on the semiconductors of the pixels This results in a voltage difference which is used for signal extraction Light Phot Charge Carrier Pixel The signal strength is influenced by the incoming amount of photons It can be increased by increasing the exposure time 1 On Baumer TXG cameras the exposure time can be set within the following ranges step size 1ysec Camera Type t min t max Monochrome TXG02 4 usec 60 sec TXG03 4 usec 60 sec TXG04 4 usec 60 sec TXG04h 15 usec 2 sec TXGO06 4 usec 60 sec TXG08 4 usec 60 sec TXG12 4 usec 60 sec TXG13 4 usec 60 sec TXG14 4 usec 60 sec TXG14f 4 usec 60 sec TXG20 4 usec 60 sec TXG50 4 usec 2 sec Color TXG02c 4 usec 60 sec TXG03c 4 usec 60 sec TXG04c 4 usec 60 sec TXG06c 4 usec 60 sec TXG08c 4 usec 60 sec TXG12c 4 usec 60 sec TXG13c 4 usec 60 sec TXG14c 4 usec 60 sec TXG20c 4 usec 60 sec TXG50c 4 usec 2 sec 4 Figure 33 Incidence of light causes charge separation on the semiconductors of the sensor 37 0 A Figure 34 Non linear perception of the human eye 38 H Perception of bright ness E Energy of light 4 1 4 Look Up Table The Look Up Table LUT is employed on Baumer monochrome cameras It contains 212 4096 values for the available levels of gray The
12. The basic idea behind this feature was to achieve a simultaneous trigger for multiple cameras Therefore a broadcast ethernet packet was implemented This packet can be used to induce a trigger as well as other actions Due to the fact that different network components feature different latencies and jitters the trigger over the Ethernet is not as synchronous as a hardware trigger Nevertheless applications can deal with these jitters in switched networks and therefore this is a com fortable method for synchronizing cameras with software additions The action command is sent as a broadcast In addition it is possible to group cameras so that not all attached cameras respond to a broadcast action command Such an action command contains a Device Key for authorization of the action on this device an Action ID for identification of the action signal a Group Key for triggering actions on separated groups of devices a Group Mask for extension of the range of separate device groups 5 9 1 Example Triggering Multiple Cameras The figure below displays three cameras which are triggered synchronously by a soft ware application Another application of action command is that a secondary application or PC or one of the attached cameras can actuate the trigger Since hardware release 2 1 the implemetation of the Action Command follows the regulations of the GigE Vision standard 1 2 4 Figure 78 Triggering
13. 2 4 3 Trigger Mode After a specified external event trigger has occurred image acquisition is started De pending on the interval of triggers used the camera operates non overlapped or over lapped in this mode With regard to timings in the trigger mode the following basic formulas need to be taken into consideration Case Formula 1 tearliestpossibletrigger n 1 readout n 7 texposure n 1 texposure treadout 2 t t t t notready n 1 readout n exposure n 1 gt t dui 3 tearliestpossibletrigger n Jr texposure n exposure readou e ET 4 thotready n 1 texposure n 2 4 3 1 Overlapped Operation texposure n 2 texposure n 1 In overlapped operation attention should be paid to the time interval where the camera is unable to process occuring trigger signals t otreay This interval is situated between two exposures When this process time torea has elapsed the camera is able to react to external events again After has elapsed the timing of E depends on the readout time of the current im age t eadoutn and exposure time of the next image t ren 1 It can be determined by the formulas mentioned above no 1 or 3 as is the case In case of identical exposure times t tion notreasy TEmains the same from acquisition to acquisi Trigger L I I I I I I t ME triggerdelay I I I I thotready TriggerReady E
14. for example camera 1 TXG13 camera 2 TXG06 camera 3 TXGO3 Due to process related circumstances the image acquisitions of all cameras end at the same time Now the cameras are not trying to transmit their images simultaniously but according to the specified transmission delays subsequently Thereby the first camera starts the transmission immediately with a transmission delay O 5 4 1 Time Saving in Multi Camera Operation As previously stated the transmission delay feature was especially designed for multi camera operation with employment of different camera models Just here an significant acceleration of the image transmission can be achieved For the above mentioned example the employment of the transmission delay feature re sults in a time saving compared to the approach of using the inter paket gap of approx 45 applied to the transmission of all three images 5 4 2 Configuration Example For the three employed cameras the following data are known Camera Sensor Pixel Format Resulting Readout Exposure Transfer Model Resolution Pixel Depth Data Volume Time Time Time GigE Pixel bit bit msec msec msec TXG13 1392 x 1040 8 11581440 50 32 10 8 06 776x582 8 3613056 15 5 32 3 4 03 656 x 494 8 2592512 11 32 2 4 The sensor resolution and the readout time can be found in the respective Technical Data Sheet TDS For the example a full frame resolution is used Th
15. 04 o o a 02 02 0 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 TXG04 Wave Length nm TXG04c Wave Length nm 10 08 7 8 06 o a o E 04 a 02 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 TXG04h Wave Length nm 10 10 08 08 o o 5 5 8 06 06 a a g 5 04 04 o o a a 02 02 0 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 TXG06 Wave Length nm TXG06c Wave Length nm 10 10 08 08 o o 7 7 5 5 06 8 06 7 7 o o a a 2 2 04 04 a a 02 02 0 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 TXG08 Wave Length nm TXG08c Wave Length nm 10 10 08 08 o o 7 7 5 5 06 9 06 7 a a g a 04 04 a ing 02 02 0 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 TXG12 Wave Length nm TXG12c Wave Length nm 4 Figure 15 Spectral sensitivities for Baumer cameras with 0 3 MP Kodak CCD sensor 4 Figure 16 Spectral sensitivities for Baumer cameras with 0 6 MP CCD sensor 4 Figure 17 Spectral sensitivities for Baumer cameras w
16. 3 MP CCD sensor MP Megapixels Figure 13 Spectral sensitivities for Baumer cameras with 0 3 MP CCD sensor Figure 14 Spectral sensitivities for Baumer cameras with 0 3 MP CCD sensor 16 2 Product Specifications 2 1 Spectral Sensitivity for Baumer TXG Cameras The spectral sensitivity characteristics of monochrome and color matrix sensors for Baumer Gigabit Ethernet cameras are displayed in the following graphs The charac teristic curves for the sensors do not take the characteristics of lenses and light sources without filters into consideration Values relating to the respective technical data sheets of SONY Corporation 08 08 o o 7 5 5 8 06 8 06 o o x x 2 a 04 04 a a 02 02 0 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 TXG02 Wave Length nm TXG02c Wave Length nm 10 10 08 08 o o e 7 5 8 06 8 06 7 7 o o a 0 04 04 ac a 02 02 0 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 TXG03 Wave Length nm TXG03c Wave Length nm 10 10 08 08 o o 172 5 5 8 06 06 7 7 o ac g g 3 04 S
17. 6 Linos C 35mm 1 6 Linos C 50mm 1 8 B Schneider Kreuznach 1 8 4 8 E Schneider Kreuznach 1 4 8 E D Schneider Kreuznach 1 4 12 a m Schneider Kreuznach XNP 1 4 17 Schneider Kreuznach XNP 1 4 23 u a Schneider Kreuznach XNP 1 9 35 D E a Schneider Kreuznach CNG 1 9 10 B m o m B D m E o B n a C a E m a B O O Schneider Kreuznach 1 8 16 Schneider Kreuznach XNP 2 0 28 Schneider Kreuznach XNP 2 8 50 219 Tamron 25HB a Tamron 17HF E Tamron 20HC 35HB a Tamron 21HC 1 1 Calculation without spacer ring No guarantee for correctness Refraction of light at the cover glass of the tube may cause a slight dislocation of the focus levell 12 1 4 3 2 Cameras with Sensor Size of 2 3 Manufacturer Pentax Pentax Pentax Pentax Pentax Pentax Pentax Pentax Pentax Pentax Pentax Pentax Pentax Linos Linos Linos Linos Linos Schneider Kreuznach Schneider Kreuznach Schneider Kreuznach Schneider Kreuznach Schneider Kreuznach Schneider Kreuznach Schneider Kreuznach Schneider Kreuznach Schneider Kreuznach Schneider Kreuznach Tamron Tamron Tamron Tamron Tamron Tamron Tamron C60607 H612A C31634KP C1614 M C32500KP C2514 M KP C33500KP
18. C3516 M KP C35001KP C5028 M KP C37500KP C7528 M KP C31630KP 1614 KP C30405KP C418DX KP C30811KP C815B KP C61232KP H1214 M KP C62500 H2520 UVM KP C61215KP H1212B KP C91608KG H614 M KP MeVis C 12mm 1 8 MeVis C 16mm 1 6 MeVis C 25mm 1 6 MeVis C 35mm 1 6 MeVis C 50mm 1 8 CNG 1 8 4 8 CNG 1 4 8 CNG 1 4 12 XNP 1 4 17 XNP 1 4 23 XNP 1 9 35 CNG 1 9 10 CNG 1 8 16 XNP 2 0 28 XNP 2 8 50 219HB 25HB 17HF 20HC 35HB 21HC 1A1HB Calculation without spacer ring No guarantee for correctness Refraction of light at the cover glass of the tube may cause a slight dislocation of the focus levell 5 EE O NE B INEO NEMO NO NO MO UA gt 8 Tube Length mm 61 8 n 00 m E mna n n 0 n mg 050 n nn n n g n n n n g 70 8 D DU E E NM E O0 O BG NH GR BGR NM NM D D MN 0000 g 0008 0 BE M 9 H am m m r n m mg rn n m M nn na n NM BH unn mnan n n BEBE 8 13 1 4 3 3 Cameras with Sensor Size of 1 2 Schneider Kreuznach XNP 2 8 50 Manufacturer Model Tube Length mm 51 8 618 708 93 Pentax C60607 H612A Pentax C31634KP C1614 M E a Pentax C32500KP C2514 M KP m m Pentax C33500KP C3516 M KP a a a Pentax C35001KP C5028 M KP E a H Pentax C37500KP C7528 M KP a Pentax C31630KP C16
19. Optimal IPG A better method is to increase the IPG to a size of optimal IPG lt packet size 2 x minimal IPG In this way both data packets can be transferred successively zipper principle and the Switch does not need to buffer the packets A Figure 64 Operation of two camer as employing a Gigabit Ethernet switch Data processing within the switch is displayed in the next two figures 4 Figure 65 Operation of two cam eras employing a minimal inter packet gap IPG On the Gigabit Ethernet the max IPG and the data packet must not exceed 1 Gbit Otherwise data pack ets can be lost 4 Figure 66 Operation of two camer as employing an optimal inter packet gap IPG 59 Figure 67 gt Principle of the trans mission delay Figure 68 Comparison of trans mission delay and inter packet gap employed for a multi camera sys tem with different cam era models 60 5 4 Transmission Delay Another approach for packet sorting in multi camera operation is the so called Trans mission Delay which was introduced to Baumer Gigabit Ethernet cameras in hardware release 2 1 Due to the fact that the currently recorded image is stored within the camera and its transmission starts with a predefined delay complete images can be transmitted to the PC at once The following figure should serve as an example For the image processing three cameras with different sensor resolutions are employed
20. TXG12 24 C 75 2 F 50 C 122 F TXG13 38 C 100 4 F 50 C 122 F TXG14 36 C 96 8 F 50 C 122 F TXG14f 40 C 104 F 50 C 122 F TXG20 38 C 100 4 F 50 C 122 F TXG50 25 77 F 50 C 122 F TXG50 17 37 C 98 6 F 50 C 122 F Color TXG02c 26 C 78 8 F 50 C 122 F TXG03c 40 C 104 F 50 C 122 F TXG06c 39 C 102 2 F 50 C 122 F TXG08c 40 C 104 F 50 C 122 F TXG12c 24 C 75 2 F 50 C 122 F TXG13c 38 C 100 4 F 50 C 122 F TXG14c 36 C 96 8 F 50 C 122 F TXG20c 38 C 100 4 F 50 C 122 F TXG50c 25 C 77 F 50 C 122 F Humidity Storage and Operating Humidity 10 90 Non condensing T T lt Figure 26 ment points of Baumer x TXG cameras Standard camera and Camera with IP67 2 5 2 Heat Transmission housing It is very important to provide adequate dissipation of heat to ensure that the temperature does not reach or exceed 50 122 As there are numerous possibilities for instal lation Baumer do not specifiy a specific method for proper heat dissipation but suggest the following principles operate the cameras only in mounted condition mounting in combination with forced convection may provide proper heat dissipation Please refer to the respective data sheet Measured at temperature measurement point T 29 Housing temper
21. are used to synchronize the camera exposure and a machine cycle or in case of a software trigger to take images at predefined time intervals Trigger valid 45V gt 0 A Figure 52 Trigger signal valid for Exposure Baumer cameras UJ Readout lt Figure 53 Camera in trigger Time pl mode O A Trigger delay B Exposure time Different trigger sources can be used here C Readout time 4 6 4 Trigger Source The trigger delay is a flexible user defined delay between the given trigger impulse and the image cap ture The delay time can be set between 0 0 usec and 2 0 sec with a stepsize of 1 usec In the case of multiple triggers during the delay the triggers will be stored and delayed too The buffer is able to store up to 512 trigger signals during the delay Your benefits No need for a perfect alignment of an external trigger sensor Different objects can be captured without hardware changes 4 Figure 54 Examples of possible trigger sources Each trigger source has to be activated separately When the trigger mode is activated the hardware trigger is activated by default 49 4 6 5 Debouncer The basic idea behind this feature was to seperate interfering signals short peaks from valid square wave signals which can be important in industrial environments Debouncing means that invalid signals are filtered out and signals lasting longer than a user de
22. cameras are able to provide several image formats depending on the type of camera Compared with standard cameras the image format on Baumer cameras not only in cludes resolution but a set of predefined parameter These parameters are Resolution horizontal and vertical dimensions in pixels Binning Mode see chapter 4 1 6 HQ Mode see chapter 4 1 7 g 2 2 o 5 S98 Y Y S x x 2i f lt g 2 2 5 5 5 Monochrome TXG02 a H a E TXG03 a a P B TXG04 m a n TXG04h m n n TXGO06 a a H TXG08 E m a TXG12 m m TXG13 a a a m TXG14 a B a TXG14f m E TXG20 E E B TXG50 m a m Color TXG02c TXG03c TXGO06c a TXG08c 12 m a TXG13c TXG14c E TXG20c 50 n 34 4 1 2 Pixel Format On Baumer digital cameras the pixel format depends on the selected image format 4 1 2 1 Definitions RAW Bayer Figure 27 gt Sensor with Bayer Pattern Mono RGB Figure 28 RBG color space dis played as color tube BGR YUV Raw data format Here the data are stored without proces
23. interface is operational results in an interim storage of the recorded images within the internal buffer of the camera After resuming the interface the buffered image data will be transferred to the PC 6 4 Acquisition Modes In general three acquisition modes are available for the cameras in the Baumer TXG series 6 4 1 Free Running Free running means the camera records images continuously without external events 6 4 2 Trigger The basic idea behind the trigger mode is the synchronization of cameras with machine cycles Trigger mode means that image recording is not continuous but triggered by external events This feature is described in chapter 4 6 Process Interface 6 4 3 Sequencer sequencer is used for the automated control of series of images using different settings for exposure time and gain This feature is described in chapter 4 7 7 Lens Mounting Notice Avoid contamination of the sensor and the lens by dust and airborne particles when mounting a lens to the device Therefore the following points are very important Install lenses in an environment that is as dust free as possible Keep the dust covers on camera and lens as long as possible Hold the camera downwards with unprotected sensor or filter cover glass Avoid contact with any optical surface of the camera or lens 8 Cleaning Cover glass Housing Cover glass A cleaning of the cover glass is necessary if the recorded ima
24. on human health and the environment The return of the packaging to the material cycle helps conserve raw mate CL rials an reduces the production of waste When no longer required dispose 5 of the packaging materials accordance with the local regulations in force Keep the original packaging during the warranty period in order to be able to pack the device properly in the event of a warranty claim 10 Warranty Notes Notice There are no adjustable parts inside the camera In order to avoid the loss of warranty do not open the housing Notice If it is obvious that the device is was dismantled reworked or repaired by other than Baumer technicians Baumer Optronic will not take any responsibility for the subse quent performance and quality of the device 11 Transport Storage Notice Transport the camera only in the original packaging When the camera is not installed then storage the camera in original packaging Storage Environment Storage temperature 10 C 70 ISO Storage Humidy 10 90 non condensing 73 74 12 Conformity 3 FC C UL us RoHS COMPLIANT LISTED 2002 95 EC Cameras of the Baumer family comply with FCC 15 Class UL RoHS 12 1 CE We declare under our sole responsibility that the previously described Baumer TXG cameras conform with the directives of the CE 12 2 FCC Class B Device This equipment h
25. superpixel In bidirectional binning a square of neighboring pixels is aggregated Binning Illustration Example without 1x2 2x1 4 1 8 Brightness Correction Binning Correction The aggregation of charge carriers may cause an overload To prevent this binning cor rection was introduced Here three binning modes need to be considered separately Binninig Realization 1x2 1x2 binning is performed within the sensor binning correction also takes place here A possible overload is prevented by halving the exposure time 2x1 2x1 binning takes place within the FPGA of the camera The binning cor rection is realized by aggregating the charge quantities and then halving this sum 2x2 2x2 binning is a combination of the above versions Total charge quantity of the Binning 2x2 4 aggregated pixels 4 Figure 41 Aggregation of charge carriers from four pixels Charge quantity Super pixel in bidirectional binning 4 1 9 Fast Mode The Fast Mode is employed in 9096 of all cases Here you can use the full frame rate of the camera Short readout times cause a de crease in the smear effect 4 1 10 HQ Mode In HQ Mode the pixel clock of the sensor is mottled This leads to longer readout times and enhances the signal to noise ratio SNR Hereby the image quality is increased 41 42 Figure 42 Color processing mod ules of Baumer color cameras Figure 43 Examples of histo gramms for a non adjuste
26. 0 TXG14f TXG14cf 2 3 1392 1040 1384 x 1036 30 TXG20 TXG20c 1 1 8 1624 x 1236 1624 x 1232 16 TXG50 TXG50c 2 3 2448 x 2050 2448 x 2050 15 Dimensions Photosensitive surface of the 4 Figure 2 Dimensions of a Baumer TXG camera true for Baumer TXG04h 1 2 Standard Cameras with Power over Ethernet PoE Power over ethernet line Single cable solution for power image data and parameterization External trigger possible Figure 3 gt Front and rear view of a Baumer TXG camera with Power over Ether net PoE Sensor des Camera Type Resolution Frames e max fps Monochrome Color TXG03 P TXG03c P 1 3 656 x 494 656 x 490 90 TXG04 P 1 2 656 494 56 TXG06 P 06 1 2 776 x 582 776 x 578 64 TXG08 P 08 1 37 1032 x 776 1032 x 772 28 TXG13 P TXG13c P 1 2 1392 1040 1384 x 1036 20 TXG14 P TXG14c P 2 3 1392 x 1040 1384 x 1036 20 TXG14f P TXG14cf P 2 3 1392 x 1040 1384 x 1036 30 TXG20 P TXG20c P 1 1 8 1624 x 1236 1624 x 1232 16 TXG50 P TXG50c P 2 3 2448 x 2050 2448 x 2050 15 Dimensions Figure 4 gt Dimensions of a Baumer TXG camera with PoE 1 3 Standard Cameras with 3 In and 3 Outputs Freely configurable inputs and outputs Each with inputs and outputs PLC conform signal levels 4 Figure 5 Front and rear view of a Baumer TXG cam era with additional 105 m3 Sensor
27. 14A KP Pentax C30405KP C418DX KP a n Pentax C30811KP C815B KP Pentax C61232KP H1214 M KP a Pentax C62500 H2520 UVM KP a Pentax C61215KP H1212B KP a a a Pentax C91608KG H614 M KP Linos C 12mm 1 8 Linos MeVis C 16mm 1 6 a Linos MeVis C 25mm 1 6 a Linos MeVis C 35mm 1 6 a a Linos MeVis C 50mm 1 8 a Schneider Kreuznach CNG 1 8 4 8 Schneider Kreuznach 1 4 8 E Schneider Kreuznach 1 4 12 u Schneider Kreuznach 1 4 17 B Schneider Kreuznach 1 4 23 H Schneider Kreuznach XNP 1 9 35 a Schneider Kreuznach CNG 1 9 10 Schneider Kreuznach 1 8 16 u n a a Schneider Kreuznach XNP 2 0 28 n m D a Tamron 219HB 25 m 17 E u n Tamron 20HC m u Tamron 35HB m m u Tamron 21HC a 1A1HB Calculation without spacer ring No guarantee for correctness Refraction of light at the cover glass of the tube may cause a slight dislocation of the focus levell 14 1 4 3 4 Cameras with Sensor Size of 1 1 8 Manufacturer Pentax Pentax Pentax Pentax Pentax Pentax Pentax Pentax Pentax Pentax Pentax Pentax Pentax Linos Linos Linos Linos Linos Schneider Kreuznach Schneider Kreuznach Schneider
28. 2 2 3 3 LEDs of Camera Types Camera Type 2 LEDs 3 LEDs Standard m I7 m E7 m3 2 3 3 1 LED Signaling 3 2 1 4 Figure 25 LED positions on Baumer TXG cameras 2 LEDs Signal Meaning 1 green Power on yellow Readout active green Link active 2 green flash Receiving yellow Transmitting yellow red flash Receiving and Transmitting 3 LEDs Signal Meaning 1 green Power on yellow Readout active 2 green Link active green flash Receiving 3 red Transmitting 2 4 Acquisition Modes and Timings The image acquisition consists of two seperate successively processed components Exposing the pixels on the photosensitive surface of the sensor is only the first part of the image acquisition After completion of the first step the pixels are read out Thereby the exposure time t ed for the readout t exposure be adjusted by the user however the time need readout iS given by the particular sensor and image format Baumer cameras can be operated with three modes the Free Running Mode the Fixed Frame Rate Mode and the Trigger Mode 23 A exposure time frame n effective B image parameters frame n effective C exposure time frame n 1 effective D image parameters frame n 1 effective Offset Gain Mode Partial Scan 24 The cameras can be operated non overlapped or overlapped Depending on the mode used and the combination of exposure and readout time
29. 2 Fault 1 Lost Packet within Data Stream If one or more packets are lost within the data stream this is detected by the fact that packet number n is not followed by packet number n 1 In this case the application sends a resend request A Following this request the camera sends the next packet and then resends B the lost packet In our example packet no 3 is lost This fault is detected on packet no 4 and the re send request triggered Then the camera sends packet no 5 followed by resending packet no 3 5 7 3 Fault 2 Lost Packet at the End of the Data Stream In case of a fault at the end of the data stream the application will wait for incoming pack ets for a predefined time When this time has elapsed the resend request is triggered and the lost packets will be resent Le 4 Figure 77 Resending of lost pack ets at the end of the data stream In our example packets from no 3 to no 5 are lost This fault is detected after the predefined time has elapsed and the resend request A 15 triggered The camera then resends packets no 3 to no 5 B to complete the image transfer 5 7 4 Termination Conditions The resend mechanism will continue until all packets have reached the pc the maximum of resend repetitions is reached the resend timeout has occured or the camera returns an error 67 5 8 Message Channel The asynchronous message channel is described in the GigE Vision standar
30. 4 bit TXG20 12 bit TXG50 14 bit Color TXG02c 14 bit TXG03c 12 bit TXG04c 14 bit TXG06c 12 bit TXG08c 12 bit TXG12c 14 bit TXG13c 12 bit TXG14c 12 bit TXG20c 12 bit TXG50c 14 bit 43 44 Figure 45 Distinction of hot and cold pixels within the recorded image Figure 46 v Charge quantity of hot and cold pixels com pared with normal pixels 4 4 2 Gain In industrial environments motion blur is unacceptable Due to this fact exposure times are limited However this causes low output signals from the camera and results in dark images To solve this issue the signals can be amplified by a user defined gain factor within the camera This gain factor is adjustable from 1 to 10 Notice Increasing the gain factor causes an increase of image noise 4 5 Pixel Correction 4 5 1 General information A certain probability for abnormal pixels the so called defect pixels applies to the sen sors of all manufacturers The charge quantity on these pixels is not linear dependent on the exposure time The occurrence of these defect pixels is unavoidable and intrinsic to the manufacturing and aging process of the sensors The operation of the camera is not affected by these pixels They only appear as brighter warm pixel or darker cold pixel spot in the recorded image Warm Pixel Cold Pixel Charge quantity Charge quantity Warm Pixel Normal Pixel Charge quantity Cold Pixel 4 5 2 C
31. Kreuznach Schneider Kreuznach Schneider Kreuznach Schneider Kreuznach Schneider Kreuznach Schneider Kreuznach Schneider Kreuznach Schneider Kreuznach Tamron Tamron Tamron Tamron Tamron Tamron Tamron C60607 H612A C31634KP C1614 M C32500KP C2514 M KP C33500KP C3516 M KP C35001KP C5028 M KP C37500KP C7528 M KP C31630KP 1614 KP C30405KP C418DX KP C30811KP C815B KP C61232KP H1214 M KP C62500 H2520 UVM KP C61215KP H1212B KP C91608KG H614 M KP MeVis C 12mm 1 8 MeVis C 16mm 1 6 MeVis C 25mm 1 6 MeVis C 35mm 1 6 MeVis C 50mm 1 8 CNG 1 8 4 8 CNG 1 4 8 CNG 1 4 12 XNP 1 4 17 XNP 1 4 23 XNP 1 9 35 CNG 1 9 10 CNG 1 8 16 XNP 2 0 28 XNP 2 8 50 219HB 25HB 17HF 20HC 35HB 21HC 1A1HB Calculation without spacer ring No guarantee for correctness Refraction of light at the cover glass of the tube may cause a slight dislocation of the focus levell 5 EE O NE B NO HERD NM NO 9 EMO EMO NO INO EMO NEMO EM 8 Tube Length mm 61 8 n 0 m H m M O n n M n B BM n n n n ng n 0 n rr BE mam 70 8 D Oo E E NM E UU N NH NM GR NM D D mg D ER mg G D DD MN 0 M 9 NM UO BH MH rn n m M n M NM BH 00 oO O OJS 8 15 Figure 12 Spectral sensitivities for Baumer cameras with 0
32. as 21 2 3 2 SA 21 2 3 3 LEDs of Camera Types 23 2 4 Acquisition Modes and sse eene 23 244 4 Free Running itte eet ea te oe e E vus 24 2 4 2 Fixed Frame Rate Mode sss enne 24 24 3 Trigger 25 2 4 4 Advanced Timings for GigE Vision Message 29 2 5 Environmental Requirements u uuu uuu ett aeo Rn Robien RR RATE 31 2 5 1 Temperature and Humidity 31 2 0 2 IramsmilssiOl c uu e tt bretagne iS 31 LMEEIOUUCLIMPR 32 3 1 Baumer 32 9 23 Party Software tech d ste d Ee et a decia dp de 32 4 Camera 33 4 1 Image 33 4 1 1 Image Fortmial ot reete e tri ved In vet aie 33 4 1 2 PIXEL ed T a A 34 4 1 3 37 SE A 38 41 5 Gamma recto 38 4 1 6 Region of Interest 39 ANA M 40 4 1 8 Brightness Correction Binning
33. as been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to pro vide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructios may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occure in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or televi Sion reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off an on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna Increase the separation between the equipment and the receiver Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help 12 3 UL Class III Device Power supply for operation of the TXG series of cameras must be provided using a limited power supply in accordance with UL60950 13 Support If you have any problems with the camera then feel free to contact our support Worldwide Baumer Optronic GmbH Badstrasse 30 DE 01454 Radeberg Germany Tel 49 0 3528 4386 845 Mail support cameras baumer com We
34. ash signal in that way that the illumination does not start synchronized to the sensor exposure but a predefined interval earlier On Baumer TXG cameras the timer configuration includes four components Trigger A triggerdelay I I I I I P texposure I trimerDelay 4 Figure 56 trimerDuration Poss blo Timer gt figuration Baumer Timer TXG Component Description TimerTriggerSource This feature provides a source selection for each timer TimerTriggerActivation This feature selects that part of the trigger signal edges or states that activates the timer TimerDelay This feature represents the interval between incoming trigger signal and the start of the timer TimerDuration By this feature the activation time of the timer is adjustable 4 6 7 1 Flash Delay As previously stated the Timer feature can be used to start the connected illumination earlier than the sensor exposure This implies a timer configuration as follows The flash output needs to be wired to the selected internal Timer signal Trigger source and trigger activation for the Timer need to be the same as for the sensor exposure The TimerDelay feature toa 7 needs to be set to a lower value than the trigger delay t The duration Of the timer signal should last until the exposure of the sensor is completed This can be realized by using the foll
35. ation of the data rate to 8 bits 4 3 Color Adjustment White Balance This feature is available on all color cameras of the Baumer TXG series and takes place within the Bayer processor White balance means independent adjustment of the three color channels red green and blue by employing of a correction factor for each channel 4 3 1 User specific Color Adjustment The user specific color adjustment in Baumer color cameras facilitates adjustment of the correction factors for each color gain This way the user is able to adjust the amplifica tion of each color channel exactly to his needs The correction factors for the color gains range from 1 to 4 non adjusted histogramm after histogramm user specific color adjustment 4 3 2 One Push White Balance Here the three color spectrums are balanced to a single white point The correction fac tors of the color gains are determined by the camera one time non adjusted histogramm after histogramm push white balance 4 Figure 44 Examples of histo gramms for a non ad justed image and for an image after one push white balance 4 4 Analog Controls 4 4 1 Offset Black Level On Baumer cameras the offset or black level is adjustable from 0 to 16 LSB relating to 8 bit Camera Type Step Size 1 LSB Relating to Monochrome TXG02 12 bit TXG03 12 bit TXG04 14 bit TXG04h 14 bit TXG06 12 bit TXG08 12 bit TXG12 14 bit TXG13 12 bit TXG14 12 bit TXG14f 1
36. ature is limited by sensor specifications 32 3 Software 3 1 Baumer GAPI Baumer GAPI stands for Baumer Generic Application Programming Interface With this API Baumer provides an interface for optimal integration and control of Baumer Gigabit Ethernet GigE and Baumer FireWire IEEE1394 cameras This software interface allows changing to other camera models or interfaces It also al lows the simultaneous operation of Baumer cameras with Gigabit Ethernet and FireWire interfaces This GAPI supports both Windows XP and Vista and Linux from Kernel 2 6 x operat ing systems in 32 bit as well as in 64 bit It provides interfaces to several programming languages such as C and the NET Framework on Windows as well as Mono on Linux operating systems which offers the use of other languages such as e g C or VB NET 3 2 3 Party Software Strict compliance with the Gen I Cam standard allows Baumer to offer the use of 3 Party Software for operation with cameras of the TXG family You can find a current listing of 3 Party Software which was tested successfully in com bination with Baumer cameras at http www baumer com de en products identification image processing software and starter kits third party software 4 Camera Functionalities 4 1 Image Acquisition 4 1 1 Image Format A digital camera usually delivers image data in at least one format the native resolution of the sensor Baumer
37. aumer Optronic Sequencer in Camera 54 4 1 3 Sequencer Modes ire 54 4 7 4 Modal uu E E EEES EE 54 4 7 5 Example Seina 55 4 7 6 Capability Characteristics of Sequencer Module 55 4 7 Double Shutter vaccine ad 56 4 8 User 57 4 9 Factory SOUS tete ae 57 4 10 Timestamp ro t unu RRR EN u nn adn 57 5 Interface Functionalitles Ran NER E 58 5 1 D vice InformaltlOn aW 58 5 2 Packet Size and Maximum Transmission Unit 58 5 3 Inter Packet iine DER RAUS PER EUR 58 5 3 1 Example 1 Multi Camera Operation Minimal 59 5 3 2 Example 2 Multi Camera Operation Optimal 59 5 4 Transmission Delay 60 5 4 1 Time Saving in Multi Camera Operation 60 5 4 2 Configuration Example reete eret ed 61 5 9 MullicaS E sasata 63 5 6 zc casera o temere ela bd eed fes 64 5 61 Persistent ceti a IAS 64 5 6 2 DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
38. ave Length nm TXG20c Wave Length nm 10 10 08 08 o o 7 7 5 5 06 06 a a 2 S 04 3 04 o o 02 02 0 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 TXG50 Wave Length nm TXG50c Wave Length nm 2 2 Field of View Position 2 2 4 Standard Cameras The typical accuracy by assumption of the root mean square value is displayed in the figures and the table below Camera Type TXG03 TXG02 TXG04 TXG04h TXG06 TXG08 TXG12 TXG13 TXG14 TXG20 TXG50 Photosensitive surface of the sensor S we mm 0 07 0 07 0 07 0 17 0 07 0 07 0 05 0 05 0 1 0 05 0 05 optical path C mount 17 526 mm E ya mm 0 07 0 07 0 07 0 17 0 07 0 07 0 05 0 05 0 1 0 05 0 05 mm 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 19 0 1 0 1 0 08 0 08 0 13 0 08 0 08 t mm 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 19 0 1 0 1 0 08 0 08 0 13 0 08 0 08 14 0 7 0 7 0 8 0 7 0 7 mm 0 025 0 025 0 025 0 025 0 025 0 025 0 025 0 025 0 025 0 025 0 025 4 Figure 23 Sensor accuracy of Baumer TXG cameras 19 20 Figure 24 Sensor accuracy of Baumer TXG 17 cameras 2 2 2 Cameras with IP67 Housing The typical accuracy by assumption of the root mean square value is displayed in the figures and the table below Photosensitive surface of the sensor optical path C mount 17 526 mm Camera tX Xu 2 mm mm X mm
39. bsite www baumer com 5 Baumer Baumer Optronic GmbH Badstrasse 30 DE 01454 Radeberg Germany Phone 49 0 3528 4386 0 Fax 49 0 3528 4386 86 sales baumeroptronic com www baumer com 5 3 5 5 2 a 5 x o gt P a 9 S 9 Subject to change without notice Printed in Germany 02 13
40. cked by Baumer GAPI Baumer GAPI Viewer or cam Baumer Gigabit Ether era on the fly This check is performed when restarting the camera in case of an invalid net cameras IP subnet combination the camera will start in LLA mode The device connects step by step via the This feature is disabled by default three described mecha nisms 5 6 2 DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol The DHCP automates the assignment of network parameters such as IP addresses sub net masks and gateways This process takes up to 12 sec Oncethe device client is connected to a DHCP enabled network four steps are processed DHCP Discovery In order to find a DHCP server the client sends a so called DHCPDISCOVER broad cast to the network broadcast DHCPDISCOVERY Please pay attention to the DHCP Lease Time Figure 72 DHCP Discovery DHCP Offer broadcast After reception of this broadcast the DHCP server will answer the request by a unicast known as DHCPOFFER This message contains several items of information such as MAC add Information for the client offered IP address Information on server subnetmask duration of the lease Figure 71 DHCP offer unicast 64 DHCP Request Once the client has received this DHCPOFFER the transaction needs to be con firmed For this purpose the client sends a so called DHCPREQUEST broadcast to the network This message contains the IP address of the offerin
41. d and of fers the possibility of event signaling There is a timestamp 64 bits for each announced event which contains the accurate time the event occurred Each event can be activated and deactivated separately 5 8 1 Event Generation 68 Vendor specific Event Description Gen lt i gt Cam ExposureStart Exposure started ExposureEnd Exposure ended FrameStart Acquisition of a frame started FrameEnd Acquisition of a frame ended LineORising Rising edge detected on lO Line 0 LineOFalling Falling edge detected on IO Line 0 Line1Rising Rising edge detected on IO Line 1 Line1Falling Falling edge detected IO Line 1 Line2Rising Rising edge detected on IO Line 2 Line2Falling Falling edge detected on IO Line 2 Line3Rising Rising edge detected on IO Line Line3Falling Falling edge detected on IO Line 3 Line4Rising Rising edge detected on lO Line 4 Line4Falling Falling edge detected on IO Line 4 Line5Rising Rising edge detected on IO Line 5 Line5Falling Falling edge detected on IO Line 5 EventError Error in event handling EventLost Occured event not analyzed TemperatureExceeded Reference value of temperature exceeded TriggerReady thotready See chapter 2 4 elapsed camera is able to process incoming trigger TriggerOverlapped Overlapped Mode see chapter 2 4 detected TriggerSkipped Camera overtriggered see chapter 2 4 EndOfSequencerExposure Last exposure of sequence ended 5 9 Action Command Trigger over Ethernet
42. d image and for an image after user specific white balance 4 2 Color Processing Baumer color cameras are balanced to a color temperature of 5000 K Oversimplified color processing is realized by 4 modules Y Color Transfor MAA r Camer Bayer White balance mation sampling The color signals r red g green and b blue of the sensor are amplified in total and digitized within the camera module Within the Bayer processor the raw signals r g and b are amplified by using of indepen dent factors for each color channel Then the missing color values are interpolated which results in new color values r g b The luminance signal Y is also generated The next step is the color transformation Here the previously generated color signals r g and b are converted to the chroma signals U and V which conform to the standard Afterwards theses signals are transformed into the desired output format Thereby the following steps are processed simultaneously Transformation to color space RGB or YUV External color adjustment Color adjustment as physical balance of the spectral sensitivities In order to reduce the data rate of YUV signals a subsampling of the chroma signals can be carried out Here the following items can be customized to the desired output format Order of data output Subsampling of the chroma components to YUV 4 2 2 or YUV 4 1 1 Limit
43. e 8 Dimensions of a Baumer TXG I7 camera 58 3 with IP67 housing 10 1 4 1 Protective Caps 4 Figure 9 Available protective caps for Baumer TXG I7 cameras gt __ u 4 Figure 10 Dimensions of available protective caps for IP67 housing 1 4 2 Maximal Objective Length inside Protective Cap Distance X4 Distance X 4 Figure 11 A Cylinder bottom Maximal objective legth B Cover glass inside protective caps C C mount for IP67 housing Tube Length Item Distance X Distance X mm Number mm mm 51 8 11008777 32 6 30 61 8 11008776 42 6 40 70 8 11008775 51 6 49 93 8 11008774 74 6 72 1 4 3 Determination of the Required Tube Length 1 4 3 1 Cameras with Sensor Size of 1 3 Manufacturer Model Tube Length mm 51 8 618 708 93 Pentax C60607 H612A Pentax C31634KP C1614 M E a a Pentax C32500KP C2514 M KP B a Pentax C33500KP C3516 M KP a a m a Pentax C35001KP C5028 M KP a m Pentax C37500KP C7528 M KP a n a Pentax C31630KP C1614A KP m m a Pentax C30405KP C418DX KP E n Pentax C30811KP C815B KP u a Pentax C61232KP H1214 M KP Pentax C62500 H2520 UVM KP m Pentax C61215KP H1212B KP E a a Pentax C91608KG H614 M KP u Linos C 12mm 1 8 Linos MeVis C 16mm 1 6 Linos C 25mm 1
44. e exposure time t is manually set to 32 msec The resulting data volume is calculated as follows Resulting Data Volume horizontal Pixels x vertical Pixels x Pixel Depth The transfer time t anstercige fOr full GigE transfer rate is calculated as follows Transfer Time GigE Resulting Data Volume 1024 x 1000 msec All the cameras are triggered simultaniously The transmission delay is realized as a counter that is started immediately after the sen sor readout is started transmission D Timings 4 A exposure start for all cameras B all cameras ready for Trigger C transmission start Camera 1 a jp TXG13 D transmission start camera 3 Due to technical issues Camera 2 0000 the data transfer of camera 1 does not take place with full GigE 2 speed Camera 3 Eg 4 Ll 3 H rw 3 TransmissionDelay Camera 2 lt Figure 69 Timing diagram for the transmission delay of the three employed cameras using even exposure times TransmissionDelay Camera 3 61 62 In general the transmission delay is calculated as n iba Camera pics 1 l 1 gt T vansferGigE Camera n 1 n23 Therewith for the example the transmission delays of camera 2 and 3 are calculated as follows TransmissionDelay Camera 2 eE 1 er 1 Dosis 2 TransmissionD
45. ecified by four values Offset X x coordinate of the first relevant pixel Offset Y y coordinate of the first relevant pixel SizeX horizontal size of the ROI Size Y vertical size of the ROI Start ROI lt Figure 35 Partial Scan Parameters of the ROI In the illustration below readout time would be decreased to 4096 compared with a full frame readout eadout lines lt Figure 36 Decrease in readout time by using partial scan 39 Figure 37 gt Full frame image no binning of pixels Figure 38 Vertical binning causes a vertically compressed image with doubled brightness Figure 39 gt Horizontal binning causes a_ horizontally compressed image with doubled brightness Figure 40 gt Bidirectional binning causes both zontally and vertically compressed image with quadruple brightness 40 4 1 7 Binning On digital cameras you can find several operations for progressing sensitivity One of them is the so called Binning Here the charge carriers of neighboring pixels are aggre gated Thus the progression is greatly increased by the amount of binned pixels By using this operation the progression in sensitivity is coupled to a reduction in resolution Baumer cameras support three types of Binning vertical horizontal and bidirectional In unidirectional binning vertically or horizontally neighboring pixels are aggregated and reported to the software as one single
46. elay Camera 3 1 Tanem 1 sasa umasa 3 E T 2 Solving this equations leads to 32 msec 50 msec 32 msec TransmissionDelay Camera 2 50 msec 1562500 Ticks 32 msec 50 msec 32 msec 2 4 msec TransmissionDelay Camera 3 52 4 msec 1637500 Ticks 5 5 Multicast Multicasting offers the possibility to send data packets to more than one destination ad dress without multiplying bandwidth and number of receivers on sender side The data is sent out to an intelligent network node an IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol capable switch or router and distributed to the receiver group On Baumer Gigabit Ethernet cameras multicast is used to process image and message date separately on e g two different PC s For multicasting Baumer suggests an IP range from 232 0 1 0 to 232 255 255 255 lt Figure 70 Multicasting with Baumer Gigabit Eth ernet camera and two PC s 63 internet Protocol 5 6 IP Configuration On Baumer cameras IP v4 is employed 5 6 1 Persistent IP A persistent IP adress is assigned permanently Its validity is unlimited Persistent Notice Please ensure a valid combination of IP address and subnet mask IP range Subnet mask 0 0 0 0 127 255 255 255 255 0 0 0 128 0 0 0 191 255 255 255 255 255 0 0 192 0 0 0 223 255 255 255 255 255 255 0 Figure71 lt Connection pathway for These combinations are not che
47. fined testing time t Will be recognized and routed to the camera to induce a trigger In order to detect the end of a valid signal and filter out possible jitters within the signal a second testing time tyo cuncetow was introduced This timing is also adjustable by the user If the signal value falls to state low and does not rise within this is recognized as end of the signal The debouncing times and t5 are adjustable from 0 to 5 msec in steps of 1 usec This feature is disabled by default Please note that the edges of valid trigger signals are shifted by and Incoming signals Depending on these valid and invalid two timings the trigger signal might be temporally stretched or compressed Debouncer Filtered signal At high time of the signal Figure 55 toebouncetign User defined debouncer delay for state high Principle of the Baumer tosbouncelow USer defined debouncer delay for state low debouncer 4 6 6 Flash Signal This signal is managed by exposure of the sensor Furthermore the falling edge of the flash output signal can be used to trigger a movement of the inspected objects Due to this fact the span time used for the sensor readout t can be used optimally in industrial environments dout 50 4 6 7 Timers Timers were introduced for advanced control of internal camera signals For example the employment of a timer allows you to control the fl
48. g DHCP server and informs all other possible DHCPservers that the client has obtained all the necessary information and there is therefore no need to issue IP information to the client broadcast DHCPREQUEST DHCP Acknowledgement Once the DHCP server obtains the DHCPREQUEST a unicast containing all neces sary information is sent to the client This message is called DHCPACK According to this information the client will configure its IP parameters and the pro cess is complete unicast DHCPACK 5 6 3 LLA LLA Link Local Address refers to a local IP range from 169 254 0 1 to 169 254 254 254 and is used for the automated assignment of an IP address to a device when no other method for IP assignment is available The IP address is determined by the host using a pseudo random number generator which operates in the IP range mentioned above Once an address is chosen this is sent together with an ARP Address Resolution Pro tocol query to the network to to check if it already exists Depending on the response the IP address will be assigned to the device if not existing or the process is repeated This method may take some time the GigE Vision standard stipulates that establishing connection in the LLA should not take longer than 40 seconds in the worst case it can take up to several minutes 5 6 4 Force IP Inadvertent faulty operation may result connection errors between the PC andthe camera In
49. ges look like the following figure In order to test the camera capture a homogenious image test target may be a white sheet of paper dust on the cover glass Cleaning Instructions Notice The sensor is mounted dust proof Do not remove the cover glass or a optical filter Compressed air for cleaning Compressed air may push dust into the camera Never use compressed air for cleaning 1 Unplug the camera from any power supply and data connection 2 To prevent dust follow the instructions mentioned in Lens Mounting Hold the camera downwards Uninstall the lens 3 Use a soft lint free cloth dampened with a small quantity of pure alcohol to clean the cover glass optical filter and the lens 71 Housing Volatile solvents for cleaning Volatile solvents damage the surface of the camera Never use volatile solvents benzine spirit for cleaning To clean the surface of the camera housing use a soft dry cloth To remove persistent stains use a soft cloth dampened with a small quantity of neutral detergent then wipe dry 72 9 Disposal Dispose of outdated products with electrical or electronic circuits not in the normal domestic waste but rather according to your national law and the directives 2002 96 EC and 2006 66 EC for recycling within the competent collectors Through the proper disposal of obsolete equipment will help to save valu able resources and prevent possible adverse effects
50. ick is equivalent to 4 Bytes of data You should also not forget to add the various ethernet headers to your calculation 58 5 Interface Functionalities 5 1 Device Information This Gigabit Ethernet specific information on the device is part of the Discovery Acknowl edge of the camera Included information MAC address Current IP configuration persistent IP DHCP LLA Current IP parameters IP address subnet mask gateway Manufacturer s name Manufacturer specific information Device version Serial number User defined name user programmable string 5 2 Packet Size and Maximum Transmission Unit MTU Network packets can be of different sizes The size depends on the network components employed When using GigE Vision compliant devices it is generally recommended to use larger packets On the one hand the overhead per packet is smaller on the other hand larger packets cause less CPU load The packet size of UDP packets can differ from 576 Bytes up to the MTU The MTU describes the maximal packet size which can be handled by all network com ponents involved In principle modern network hardware supports a packet size of 1500 Byte which is specified in the network standard However so called Jumboframes are on the advance as Gigabit Ethernet continues to spread Jumboframes merely characterizes a packet Size exceeding 1500 Bytes Baumer TXG cameras can handle a MTU of up to 65535 Bytes 5 3 In
51. ith 0 8 MP CCD sensor 4 Figure 18 Spectral sensitivities for Baumer cameras with 1 2 MP CCD sensor 17 Figure 19 Spectral sensitivities for Baumer cameras with 1 4 MP CCD sensor Figure 20 Spectral sensitivities for Baumer cameras with 1 4 MP CCD sensor Figure 21 Spectral sensitivities for Baumer cameras with 2 0 MP CCD sensor Figure 22 gt Spectral sensitivities for Baumer cameras with 5 0 MP CCD sensor 18 10 10 08 08 7 7 5 5 8 06 8 06 o o x g g 04 04 a amp 02 02 0 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 TXG13 Wave Length nm TXG13c Wave Length nm 10 10 08 08 o o 172 5 5 8 06 06 7 7 a g g 04 04 o o a a 02 02 0 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 TXG14 Wave Length nm TXG14c Wave Length nm 10 10 08 08 o o 7 7 5 8 06 8 06 7 7 o o a a E 04 04 a 02 02 0 0 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 TXG20 W
52. mes Per Trigger 2 2 4 8 User Sets Four user sets 0 3 are available for the Baumer cameras of the TXG series User set 0 is the default set and contains the factory settings User sets 1 to 3 are user specific and can contain the following information Parameter Parameter Binning Image Format Brightness Correction Look Up Table Defect Pixel Correction Message Channel Defectpixellist Offset Black Level Digital 105 Partial Scan Fast HQ Mode Pixel Format Flash Settings Sequencer Gain Trigger Settings Exposure Time These user sets are stored within the camera and and cannot be saved outside the de Vice By employing a so called user set default selector one of the four possible user sets can be selected as default which means the camera starts up with these adjusted pa rameters 4 9 Factory Settings The factory settings are stored in user set 0 which is the default user set This is the only user set that is not editable 4 10 Timestamp The timestamp is part of the GigE Vision standard It is 64 bits long and denoted in Ticks Any image or event includes its corresponding timestamp At power on or reset the timestamp starts running from zero 2 mimi mi mi mimi mi mi mi Tick is the internal time unit of the camera it lasts 32 nsec 4 Figure 63 Timestamps of recorded images 57 IPG The IPG is measured in ticks described in chapter 5 2 An easy rule of thumb is 1 T
53. n overlapped Operation If the frequency of the trigger signal is selected for long enough so that the image acquisi tions t t run successively the camera operates non overlapped exposure Trigger 1 1 1 1 1 ni t 5 triggerdelay 1 texposure n texposure n 1 Exposure L a t readout n 1 1 1 1 1 1 i readout n 1 1 Readout t I I I thotready o TriggerReady thash n 1 Flash I kawa tiashdelay 2 4 4 Advanced Timings for GigE Vision Message Channel The following charts show some timings for the event signaling by the asynchronous message channel Vendor specific events like TriggerReady TriggerSkipped Trig gerOverlapped and ReadoutActive are explained For further information on the message channel mentioned above please see section 5 6 2 4 4 1 TriggerReady This event signals whether the camera is able to process incoming trigger signals or not Trigger di TL t exposure n 1 t exposure n EA Exposure t t readout n readout n 1 Readout thotready TriggerReady 2 4 4 2 TriggerSkipped If the camera is unable to process incoming trigger signals which means the camera should be triggered within the interval t these triggers are skipped On Baumer TXG cameras the user will be informed about this fact by means of the event Trigger Skipped t t exposure n exposure n 1
54. ning or via an external event trigger The additional frame counter z is used to create a half automated sequencer It is ab solutely independent from the other three counters and used to determine the number of frames per external trigger event The following timeline displays the temporal course of a sequence with n 5 repetitions per set of parameters 3 sets of parameters and C 1 sequence and 2 2 frames per trigger 1 z 2 ama z 2 6 6 6 Trigger lt Figure 58 Flow chart of sequencer m number of loop passes n number of set repetitions o number of sets of parameters z number of frames per trigger The mentioned sets of parameter include the fol lowing Exposure time Gain factor lt Figure 59 Timeline for a single sequence 53 4 7 2 Baumer Optronic Sequencer in Camera xml file The Baumer Optronic is described in the category BOSequencer by the follow ing features Category Name BOSequencer NameSpace Custom lt pFeature gt BoSequencerEnable lt pFeature gt Enable Disable lt pFeature gt BoSequencerStart lt pFeature gt Start Stop lt pFeature gt BoSequencerRunOnce lt pFeature gt Run Once Cycle lt pFeature gt BoSequencerFreeRun lt pFeature gt Free Running Trigger lt pFeature gt BoSequencerSetSelector lt pFeature gt Configure set of parameters
55. nter z is set to 2 This means the camera records two pictures after an incoming trigger signal 4 7 6 Capability Characteristics of Baumer GAPI Sequencer Module up to 256 sets of parameters up to 4 billion loop passes up to 4 billion repetitions of sets of parameters up to 4 billion images per trigger event free running mode without initial trigger 55 56 Figure 62 Example of a double shutter 4 7 7 Double Shutter This feature offers the possibility of capturing two images in a very short interval Depend ing on the application this is performed in conjunction with a flash unit Thereby the first exposure time A is arbitrary and accompanied by the first flash The second expo sure time must be equal to or longer than the readout time t of the sensor Thus the pixels of the sensor are recepitve again shortly after the first exposure In order to realize the second short exposure time without an overrun of the sensor a second short flash must be employed and any subsequent extraneous light prevented Trigger Jl 2 1st 2nd Flash n 2 q st 2 9 Exposure Prevent Light i A A a nee 1 st 2nd Readout E Baumer TXG cameras this feature 15 realized within the sequencer In order to generate this sequence the sequencer must be configured as follows Parameter Setting Sequencer Run Mode Once by Trigger Sets of parameters 0 2 Loops m 1 Repeats n 1 Fra
56. of multiple cameras via trigger over Ethernet ToE 69 Asynchronous Reset For further information on the timings of this feature please see the respective data sheets 70 6 Start Stop Behaviour 6 1 Start Stop Acquisition Camera Once the image acquisition is started three steps are processed within the camera Determination of the current set of image parameters Exposure of the sensor Readout of the sensor Afterwards a repetition of this process takes place until the camera is stopped Stopping the acquisition means that the process mentioned above is aborted If the stop signal occurs within readout the current readout will be finished before stopping the camera If the stop signal arrives within an exposure this will be aborted Special Case Asynchronous Reset The asynchronous reset represents a special case of stopping the current acquisition Thereby exposure is aborted immediately Thus the current image is not read out and the image is upcasted This feature was introduced to accelerate the changing of image parameters 6 2 Start Stop Interface Without starting the interface transmission of image data from the camera to the PC will not proceed If the image acquisition is started befor the interface is activated the recorded images are lost If the interface is stopped during a transmission this is aborted immediately 6 3 Pause Resume Interface Pausing while the
57. orrection Algorithm On monochrome cameras of the Baumer TXG series the problem of defect pixels is solved as follows Possible defect pixels are identified during the production process of the camera The coordinates of these pixels are stored in the factory settings of the camera see 4 5 3 Defectpixellist Once the sensor readout is completed correction takes place Before any other processing the values of the two neighboring pixels on the left and the right side of the defect pixel will be read out Then the average value of these 4 pixels is determined Finally the value of the defect pixel is substituted by the previously determined average value efect Pixel Corrected Pixel 4 Figure 47 Schematic diagram of the Baumer pixel correction 4 5 3 Defectpixellist As stated previously this list is determined within the production process of Baumer cam eras and stored in the factory settings see 4 8 1 Additional hot or cold pixels can develop during the lifecycle of a camera In this case Baumer offers the possibility of adding their coordinates to the defectpixellist The user can determine the coordinates of the affected pixels and add them to the list Once the defect pixel list is stored in a user set see 4 8 pixel correction is executed for all coor dinates on the defectpixellist Position in relation to Full Frame Format 45 Figure 48 gt IO matrix of the Baumer TXG standard camera
58. owing formula timerDuration x z trmerpatay _ 51 52 Figure 57 Interruption behaviour of the timer feature 4 6 7 2 Interruption Behaviour Upon unintended faulty configuration Baumer TXG cameras are able to interrupt running timers as displayed within the following figure Trigger di JL triggerdelay texposure Exposure trimerDelay i ittimerDelay le J 1 ttimerDuration Timer In case of incoming valid trigger signal during a running timer the timer will be aborted 1 and restarted 2 after the predefined TimerDelay 4 6 8 Frame Counter The frame counter is part of the Baumer image infoheader and supplied with every image if the chunkmode is activated It is generated by hardware and can be used to verify that every image of the camera is transmitted to the PC and received in the right order 4 7 Sequencer 4 7 1 General Information A sequencer is used for the automated control of series of images using different sets of parameters Sequencer Start j The figure above displays the fundamental structure of the sequencer module A sequence o is defined as a complete pass through all sets of parameters The loop counter m represents the number of sequence repetitions The repeat counter n is used to control the amount of images taken with the respective sets of parameters The start of the sequencer can be realized directly free run
59. rding to IEEE802 3 Cable length up to 100 m Baumer driver for high data volume with low CPU load High speed multi camera operation Gen l Cam and GigE Vision compliant Flexible generic programming interface Baumer GAPI for all Baumer cameras Powerful Software Development Kit SDK with sample codes and help files for simple integration Baumer viewer for all camera functions Interface for NET C VB NET C and Software for Windows XP Vista and Linux 32 bit and 64 bit lt gt compliant XML file to describe the camera functions Supplied with installation program with automatic camera recognition for simple commissioning Rugged industrial housing design Uniform dimensions 36 mm x 36 mm frontside for all standard models Light weight State of the art camera electronics and precision mechanics Low power consumption and minimal heat genera tion Long lifetime 1 1 Standard Cameras 4 Figure 1 Front and rear view of a Baumer TXG camera Sensor FUN Camera Type Resolution Frames us max fps Monochrome Color TXG02 TXG02c 1 4 656x494 140 TXG03 TXG03c 1 3 656 x 494 656 x 490 90 TXG04 TXG04c 1 2 656 x 494 656 x 490 56 TXGO4h 1 3 640 x 480 210 TXG06 TXG06c 1 2 776 x 582 776 x 578 64 TXG08 TXG08c 1 3 1032 x 776 1032 x 772 28 TXG12 TXG12c 1 3 1296 x 966 32 TXG13 TXG13c 1 2 1392 x 1040 1384 x 1036 20 TXG14 TXG14c 2 3 1392 x 1040 1384 x 1036 2
60. s on input side 46 4 6 Process Interface 4 6 1 Digital lOs Baumer standard cameras are equipped each with on digital input and one digital out put Additional digital in and outputs IOs are offered by the following cameras of the Baumer TXG series Monochrome Cameras Color Cameras TXG03m3 TXG03cm3 TXG13m3 TXG14m3 TXG20m3 TXG20cm3 TXG50m3 4 6 1 1 User Definable Inputs The wiring of these input connectors is left to the user Sole exception is the compliance with predetermined high and low levels 0 4 5V low 11 30V high The defined signals will have no direct effect but can be analyzed and processed on the software side and used for controlling the camera The employment of a so called IO matrix offers the possibility of selecting the signal and the state to be processed On the software side the input signals are named Trigger Input 1 and Input 2 Due to the fact that the TXG models standard and m3 have a different number of in and outputs there are two kinds of IO matrixes for the input side the output side state selection software side 55 ES o Input Line 0 Ho Trigger pz IO Matrix state selection software side Input Line 0 Trigger y Input Line 2 Input 1 EN Input Line 3 Input 2 4 Figure 49 IO matrix of the Baumer TXGm3 on 4 6 1 2 Configurable Outputs With this feature Baumer offers the possibility of wiring the output connector
61. s to user defined signals and internal signals which are controlled on the software side Hereby on TXG standard cameras the output connector can be wired to one of provided user defined signal ExposureActive Flash UserO Timer 1 and Off The possible Internal signals are TriggerOverlapped TriggerSkipped ReadoutActive and Timer1 Beside this the output can be disabled On TXGm3 cameras the possible user defined signals are Timer 1 ExposureActive Flash User 0 User 1 and Off The possible Internal signals are ExposureActive TriggerReady TriggerOverlapped TriggerSkipped and outActive Also here the outputs can be disabled state selection signal selection software side software side 5 4 Output Line 1 Int lt Figure 50 IO matrix of the Baumer TXG standard camera on output side 47 48 Figure 51 gt IO matrix of the Baumer TXGm3 on out put side Output Line 1 4 Output Line 4 b Output Line 5 4 6 2 IO Circuits Output high active Camera Customer Device 10 Power Voc our 10 GND state selection signal selection software side software side Output low active Camera Customer Device 10 Power Out E IOGND Input Customer Device DRV 10 GND user nt May Sienan 4 6 3 Trigger c Trigger signals
62. se values can be adjusted by the user In this example the LUT is used to overwrite levels of gray which are not of interest or in the case of overdrive 4 1 5 Gamma Correction With this feature Baumer TXG cameras offer the possibility of compensating nonlinearity in the perception of light by the human eye For this correction the corrected pixel intensity Y is calculated from the original intensity of the sensor s pixel Y igna and correction factor y using the following formula in over simplified version Baumer TXG cameras correction factor y is adjustable from 0 001 to 2 The values of the calculated intensities are entered into the Look Up Table see 4 1 4 Thereby previously existing values within the LUT will be overwritten If the LUT feature is disabled on the software side the gamma correction feature also is disabled 4 1 6 Region of Interest ROI With the Region of Interest function it is possible to predefine a so called Region of Inter est ROI or Partial Scan This ROI is an area of pixels of the sensor On image acquisi tion only the information of these pixels is sent to the PC Therefore all the lines of the sensor need not be read out which decreases the readout time tasu This increases the frame rate This function is employed when only a region of the field of view is of interest It is coupled to a reduction in resolution The ROI is sp
63. sing Raw data format of color sensors Color filters are placed on these sensors in a checkerboard pattern generally in a 5096 green 2590 red and 2590 blue array Monochrome The color range of mono images consists of shades of a single color In general shades of gray or black and white are synonyms for mono chrome Color model in which all detectable colors are defined by three coordinates Red Green and Blue x The three coordinates are displayed within the buffer in the order R G B Blue Here the color alignment mirrors RGB Color model which is used in the PAL TV standard and in image compression In YUV a high bandwidth luminance signal Y luma information is transmitted together with two color difference signals with low bandwidth U and V chroma information Thereby U represents the difference between blue and luminance B Y Vis the difference between red and luminance V R Y The third color green does not need to be transmitted its value can be calculated from the other three values YUV 4 4 4 Here each of the three components has the same sample rate Therefore there is no subsampling here YUV 4 2 2 The chroma components are sampled at half the sample rate This reduces the necessary bandwidth to two thirds in relation to 4 4 4 and causes no or low visual differences YUV 4 1 1 Here the chroma components are sampled at a quater of the sample ra
64. te This decreases the necessary bandwith by half in relation to 4 4 4 Pixel depth In general pixel depth defines the number of possible different values for each color channel Mostly this will be 8 bit which means 2 different col ors For RGB or BGR these 8 bits per channel equal 24 bits overall Two bytes are needed for transmitting more than 8 bits per pixel even if the second byte is not completely filled with data In order to save bandwidth the packed formats were introduced to Baumer TXG cameras In this formats the unused bits of one pixel are filled with data from the next pixel 8 bit Bit 0 Byte 1 Byte 2 Byte 3 10 bit unused bits 12 bit unused bits Packed Pixel O Pixel 1 Ste BRIO 1 2 Byte 3 4 Figure 29 Bit string of Mono 8 bit and RGB 8 bit 4 Figure 30 Spreading of Mono 10 bit over 2 bytes lt Figure 31 Spreading of Mono 12 bit over two bytes 4 Figure 32 Spreading of two pix els in Mono 12 bit over three bytes packed mode 35 4 1 2 2 Pixel Formats on Baumer TXG Cameras payed ANA pexoed ANA pexoed tr ANA pexoed 8 498 8 ZL Oy 19 8 0 8 Oy Je eg pexoed Z payed 0 0 ouo g ouo Camera Type Monochrome TXG02 TXG03 TXG04 TXG04h TXG06 TXG08 TXG12 TXG13 TXG14 TXG14f TXG20 TXG50 Color TXG02c TXG03c TXG04c TXG06c
65. ter Packet Gap To achieve optimal results in image transfer several Ethernet specific factors need to be considered when using Baumer TXG cameras Upon starting the image transfer of a camera the data packets are transferred at maxi transfer speed 1 Gbit sec In accordance with the network standard Baumer em ploys a minimal separation of 12 Bytes between two packets This separation is called inter packet gap IPG In addition to the minimal IPG the GigE Vision standard stipu lates that the IPG be scalable user defined 5 3 1 Example 1 Multi Camera Operation Minimal IPG Setting the IPG to minimum means every image is transfered at maximum speed Even by using a frame rate of 1 fps this results in full load on the network Such bursts can lead to an overload of several network components and a loss of packets This can occur especially when using several cameras In the case of two cameras sending images at the same time this would theoretically oc cur at a transfer rate of 2 Gbits sec The switch has to buffer this data and transfer it at a speed of 1 Gbit sec afterwards Depending on the internal buffer of the switch this oper ates without any problems up to n cameras n gt 1 More cameras would lead to a loss of packets These lost packets can however be saved by employing an appropriate resend mechanism but this leads to additional load on the network components 5 3 2 Example 2 Multi Camera Operation
66. the current acquisition to the next acquisi tion the time the camera is unable to process occuring trigger signals t is scaled up When decreasing the t Such that t exceeds the pause between two incoming exposure notready trigger signals the camera is unable to process this trigger and the acquisition of the im age will not start the trigger will be skipped LOI PII 1 3 t t EM ITNI E exposure n 1 exposure n Exposure ME l l t readout nj 1 Readout 1 1 1 1 thash n 1 Flash gt From a certain frequency of the trigger signal skipping triggers is unavoidable In gen eral this frequency depends on the combination of exposure and readout times Timings A exposure time frame n effective B image parameters frame n effective C exposure time frame 1 effective D image parameters frame 1 effective E earliest possible trigger F frame not started trigger skipped Image parameters Offset Gain Mode Partial Scan 27 Timings A exposure time frame n effective B image parameters frame n effective C exposure time frame n 1 effective D image parameters frame n 1 effective E earliest possible trigger Image parameters Offset Gain Mode Partial Scan 28 2 4 3 4 No
67. this case Force IP may be the last resort The Force IP mechanism sends an IP ad dress and a subnet mask to the MAC address of the camera These settings are sent without verification and are adapted immediately by the client They remain valid until the camera is de energized In the GigE Vision standard this feature is defined as Static IP lt Figure 73 DHCP Request broadcast The validity of DHCP addresses is limited by the lease time When this time is elapsed the IP configu ration needs to be redone This causes a connection abort 4 Figure 74 DHCP Acknowledge ment unicast Please ensure operation of the PC within the same subnet as the camera 65 Figure 75 Data stream without damaged or lost pack ets Figure 76 gt Resending lost packets within the data stream 66 5 7 Packet Resend Due to the fact that the GigE Vision standard stipulates using a UDP a stateless user datagram protocol for data transfer a mechanism for saving the lost data needs to be employed Here a resend request is initiated if one or more packets are damaged during transfer and due to an incorrect checksum rejected afterwards On this topic one must distinguish between three cases 5 7 1 Normal Case In the case of unproblematic data transfer all packets are transferred in their correct order from the camera to the PC The probability of this happening is more then 99 5 7
68. tting sequencer run mode via BoSequencerRunOnce and BoSequencerFreeRun e Definitions of set of parameters repetition via BoSequencerSetRepeats f Adjustment of loop counter via BoSequencerLoops g Starting sequencer by BoSequencerStart To indicate several sets of parameters steps b and c should be repeated Here it is important to number the selectors continously and leave no gaps in the numera tion The last configured set of parameters will also be last in the sequence 4 7 5 Examples 4 7 5 1 Sequencer without Machine Cycle lt Figure 60 A Example for a fully auto mated sequencer The figure above shows an example for a fully automated sequencer with three sets of parameters A B and C Here the repeat counter n is set to 5 the loop counter m has a value of 2 When the sequencer is started with or without an external event the camera will record 5 images successively in each case using the sets of parameters A B and C which con stitutes a sequence After that the sequence is started once again followed by a stop of the sequencer in this case the parameters are maintained 4 7 5 2 Sequencer Controlled by Machine Steps trigger 3 Sequencer Start O 4 Figure 61 A Example for a half auto mated sequencer The figure above shows an example for a half automated sequencer with three sets of parameters A B and C from the previous example The frame cou

Baumer TXG User's Guide for Gigabit Ethernet

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