Interactive maps of the world's population User's guide and
Contents
1. Population maps User s guide January 2012 15 Appendix 2 Maps without borders definition and method of calculation The maps without borders provide a continuous representation of a phenomenon for a given year This is the result of a calculation for all points in space based on the distribution of a given indicator known for a particular grid size The representations on this tab are based on the potential method which evaluates the intensity of a phenomenon by accumulating what is happening round about weighted by an inverse distance function applied here with a Gaussian kernel In this way the Spatial continuity of economic or population phenomena can be viewed without the bias of maps with borders The smoothing given here acts as a filter to show the structure of the spatial distribution of the indicator Suppose you want to focus on the general structure of global organisation One of the parameters associated with the distance function the scale expresses the geographical scale of analysis The scale is associated with the intensity with which the function decreases with distance the smaller the scale the more finely grained the scale of analysis As the scale increases so the broader structures of distribution are revealed and the phenomenon is presented in more general terms For ease of interpretation the map is vectorised and the borders of important variations in potential are shown as contour lines2. Interactive maps of the world s population on the website of the French National Institute for Demographic Studies http www ined fr en everything about population interactive maps User s guide and documentation Contents PE BIS EU IO RERO 2 FIVE tabs TIVE ways of seeing things ssecuxes et bore irae ren URE cbxtd eee nel beer isto cs xin DUI bnt esM erai Erie de 2 VIS OO NO ENG Sotoimer enia cite nibns desse noscnamncss somes een bntS MM LIEM S Mu EE LE M IDs ciun 2 rode ure Par uar aS TEE NERA 2 Other options and Dara Bf 8 ascse ss Evtuus eS REL OSaUL EL dedi euEI SS SUP UII IU Sedo Es ARE L CIE EXRLHIAG E Ctuuw ES Sese tease nbn EE Rede 3 Part 2 Documentation with examples of use sees nnne eene 5 Explore world demography Oh TIB ioeese tiores pato Eee v e hFE sine uTs Seni annt o taba ti eot a viv eut nete s Eo vH UR MH Eos MENU TRUE 5 Show highest and lowest COUNCHICS cccccescccccsseccccessccccsesececcuecceseusececeueceseeeecceteusecessugecessegeeess 7 Examine the similarities and differences between countries ccccsssssecccceeeseecceeeaeseeceessaaaeeeeeees 7 identity spatial discontinuities gaa up etaeeorttt Opusc ERU Un RE S cpstI aur c ER RUPEM UIS 8 mie EIN ATQ 9 Map id MOULE DOI OCT S sosiacnsieantasenssessdunceuadsbeadwonusissndanacadosateuavntdvecaduaaSosieasdesonnosedvavandabesdwontasweintasscaeas 11 Appendix 1 Indicators with definitions cccsseesseecceccecceeeeeseeec
3. R Mortality rate R Infant mortality rate R Birth rate Percentage of population urban Indicators for Tab 4 Water consumption CO emissions Deaths per year Infant deaths under age 1 Births per year Total population Population aged 65 or over Population aged 85 or over Population under 20 Gross Domestic Product GDP 14 difference between birth rate and death rate annual increase or decrease in number of residents per 1 000 population sum of migratory growth and natural increase average number of children per woman also called total fertility rate number of deaths per year per 1 000 population number of deaths of children aged under 1 per 1 000 births number of births per 1 000 population proportion of the population living in urban areas quantity of water carbon dioxide emissions number of deaths per year annual number of deaths of children aged under 1 number of births per year number of residents number of persons aged 65 years or more in the population number of persons aged 85 years or more in the population number of persons aged under 20 years in the population gross domestic product Indicators for Tab 5 Water consumption CO9 emissions Total population Gross Domestic Product GDP quantity of water carbon dioxide emissions number of residents gross domestic product French National Institute for Demographic Studies www ined fr en
4. You can see at a glance the areas of high and low values for the chosen indicator By varying the scale between 250 500 1 000 and 2 000 km you refine your analysis or broaden it to summarise more data Technical information The maps are pre calculated at the Grenoble Laboratory of Computer Science using the potential method published by Claude Grasland et al 2000 in which the open source Hyantes calculation kernel was developed by the HyperCarte research group C Plumejeaud et al 2006 The calculations are based on a regular grid containing all the variables in proportion to the known quantity of population in 2000 per one degree pixel the population grid is available on the UNEP GRID website The method is similar to that used to produce the interactive CD ROM 6 milliards d hommes et moi Six billion people and me Pison 1999 http www liglab fr Grasland C Mathian H Vincent J M 2000 Multiscalar analysis and map generalisation of discrete social phenomena Statistical problems and political consequences Statistical Journal of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe IOS Press 17 2 pp 157 188 7 http hyantes gforge inria fr Plumejeaud C Vincent J M Grasland C Gensel J Mathian H Guelton S Boulier J 2007 HyperSmooth calcul et visualisation de cartes de potentiel interactives International Conference on Spatial Analysis and Geomatics SAGEO 2007 Clermont F
5. Percentage aged 85 or over Percentage under 20 Percentage aged 20 64 Net migration rate difference between annual number of entries and exits of migrants also known as net migration difference between annual number of births and deaths increased or reduced number of residents sum of migratory growth and natural increase age that divides the population into two equal halves one younger and one older number of persons per square kilometre average length of life in years number of deaths per year annual number of deaths of children under the age of 1 number of births per year number of residents number of persons aged 65 years or more in the population number of persons aged 85 years or more in the population number of persons aged under 20 years in the population number of persons aged between 20 and 64 years in the population proportion of persons aged 65 years or more in the population proportion of persons aged 85 years or more in the population proportion of persons aged under 20 years in the population proportion of persons aged between 20 and 64 years in the population difference between annual number of entries and exits of migrants per 1 000 residents also known as net migration rate French National Institute for Demographic Studies www ined fr en Population maps User s guide January 2012 R Rate of natural increase R Annual rate of population change R Fertility rate
6. 000 or 2000 km of this point the potential It is shown as a smoothed range Population in 2010 En 96 du maximum Smeothed distribution potential map no national boundaries filler of 250 km gue pc RE ET LL E 100 50 10 0 05 0 01 0 001 Institut nebonal J siudas damogreshiques www ined fr Select an indicator m 7 TOTAL POPULATION How ara the quantities distributed around each point en the man NEUE T ee NUNT ROSE Yee Zul a i000 2000 At each point the map shows the quantity of the selected indicator within a salact the scale of smoothing Erin arr nr rr rrr eb ri ir ri eee Eee ek ink radius of 250 km or 500 1000 or 2000 km of this point the potential It is shown as a smoothed range Population in 2010 En du maximum 100 50 10 0 01 Institut nabonal z udas d mographques www inad fr French National Institute for Demographic Studies www ined fr en Population maps User s guide January 2012 13 Appendix 1 Indicators with definitions Indicators for Tabs 1 2 and 3 Net number of migrants Total population natural change Population change Median age of population Population density Life expectancy at birth Deaths per year Infant deaths under age 1 Births per year Total population Population aged 65 or over Population aged 85 or over Population under 20 Population aged 20 64 Percentage aged 65 or over
7. akistan 5 Turkey wa Democratic Republic of the Congo e 10 2 60 300 Afghanistan In istitut ns tional d t tudes d mo aph uses 2010 In s tut nation al c T tudes d mog eph UBS WWW ined fr French National Institute for Demographic Studies www ined fr en Population maps User s guide January 2012 Show highest and lowest countries For rate indicators such as the infant mortality rate number of deaths of children under 1 for 1 000 births you have the choice of displaying all the countries in the world or only the highest and lowest Figure 3 In the latter case only the chosen percent of countries where the indicator is highest or lowest are shown in Figure 3 for example the 20 of countries with the highest infant mortality rate in 1950 In the graphic section you can move the cursor up or down the left hand scale to choose the percentage of countries at the top or bottom of the world rankings that you wish to view The right hand scale which you cannot set moves to show the percentage of the world s population represented by the selected countries Figure 3 World tab Extremes only function THE WORLD COUNTRY AND NEIGHBOURS COUNTRY TO COUNTRY MAP WITHOUT BORDERS HOW FAR AWAY AM I Select an indicator Select a country INFANT MORTALITY RATE ALL COUNTRIES EXTREMES ONLY HIGHEST Proportion of countries in the world tota 100 100 1950 n es d www ined fr Idas
8. d explanations in Appendix 2 The colour at each point on the map indicates the quantity of the global stock global population if population is the chosen indicator to be found within x km of that point the potential The maps are pre calculated and not drawn on demand unlike those in the first three tabs The date is pre set 2010 You can choose the indicator from a list of 10 and the radius of the area covered from four figures 250 km 500 km 1 000 km 2 000 km Move the cursor right or left to increase or reduce the smoothing scale Towards the right the scale is larger and the map is more smoothed Towards the left the scale is smaller and the map shows more details Figure 7 shows the maps obtained for the Population indicator with successive scales of 250 km and 2 000 km French National Institute for Demographic Studies www ined fr en Population maps User s guide January 2012 12 Figure 7 Map without borders tab population maps for radiuses of 250 km and 2 000 km THE WORLD COUNTRY AND NEIGHBOURS COUNTRY TO COUNTRY MAP WITHOUT BORDERS HOW FAR AWAY AM I select an indicator k um a TOTAL POPULATION How are the quantities distributed around each point on the map Bold fiscal aEsmbath TEL 1000 2000 At each point the map shows the quantity of the selected indicator within a SRBC Ine scale OF smoogtninmg Avi irritare bir irr ib rre rr n Erb rir E rrr E d EE inm radius of 250 km or 500 1
9. der www ined fi Examine the similarities and differences between countries The second tab A country and its neighbours can be used to examine local similarities You can see how a country changes together with those around it After selecting a country you can choose a larger or smaller number of neighbours by setting a distance in kilometres on the scale Figure 4 The graph on the right shows the variations of the indicator in the chosen group of countries it French National Institute for Demographic Studies www ined fr en Population maps User s guide January 2012 displays changes in extreme values over time and how the chosen country compares with its neighbours In Figure 4 the indicator chosen is the fertility rate average number of children per woman Algeria moves from being the country in its region with the highest fertility until the late 1960s with an average of 7 children per woman to a relatively low fertility compared with its neighbours just over 2 children in 2010 Figure 4 A country and its neighbours example of Algeria THE WORLD COUNTRY AND NEIGHBOURS COUNTRY TO COUNTRY MAP WITHOUT BORDERS HOW FAR AWAY AM 1 gt 1002 4 Select an indicator Select a country 7 LF FERTILITY RATE ALGERIA Choose a radius for the circle 2000 0 1000 of neighbouring countries Hun bran nn Porn nn Po rn reu b n P i ink Trend in selected country and neighbour ng countries 1 dlt
10. eceeesaaeeeseeeeeeeeeseseeenees 13 Appendix 2 Maps without borders definition and method of calculation 15 French National Institute for Demographic Studies www ined fr en Population maps User s guide January 2012 Part 1 User s guide The website of the French National Institute for Demographic Studies INED features a set of free access interactive population maps http www ined fr en They include world maps for thirty or so demographic indicators that enable users to watch moving images of how each map has changed since 1950 This application will be particularly useful for teachers and students but is also intended for the general public It provides a visual tool to view and understand global trends in population Five tabs five ways of seeing things The app provides five ways of seeing things in the five tabs at the top The world Display the world map of an indicator and watch it change over time A country and its neighbours Select a country and compare it with its neighbours Country to country Travel through countries and see how the indicator changes from one country to the next Map without borders Observe the geographical variations of an indicator across the continents How far away am I Select a point on the map and see how the population or some other quantity is distributed around that point Main options Select an indicator Se
11. een displays a graph of that indicator from 1950 to 2050 The curve contains two parts from 1950 to now based on historical evidence and from now to 2100 based on projections taken from the United Nations medium scenario You can choose another year from a timescale from 1950 to 2100 and the map adapts to that year You can also run an animated display of the changes between these dates with the maps and graphs moving together automatically You have a choice of 30 demographic indicators see list in Appendix 1 Variations in a rate such as the birth rate are shown on the map by a lighter or darker colour over the entire area of each country Figure 1 Variations in absolute numbers such as the number of infant deaths per year children under 1 are shown by circles whose area is proportional to the value of the indicator positioned in the centre of each country Figure 2 You can select one or more countries by clicking on the map or the Choose a country list The graph shows the indicators for each country as curves Figure 2 United Nations World Population Projections http esa un org unpd wpp The results are shown on a harmonised map underlay with countries existing in 2010 The display for 1950 does not correspond to the borders of the period some countries did not exist or had disappeared or had different borders However the harmonised underlay makes it possible to keep track of places and more easily c
12. elect countries Click on the button to deselect all countries Contrast Click on the button to increase the colour contrast Click again to return to standard contrast Contact webmaster ined fr Credits Design Gilles Pison H l ne Mathian Christine Plumejeaud J r me Gensel Development Opixido Statistical sources United Nations World Population Projections http esa un org unpd wpp Reference Gilles Pison Helene Mathian Christine Plumejeaud J r me Gensel and the INED web team Exploring World Demography on Line Paper given to the 25th International Cartographic Conference Paris Palais des Congr s 3 8 July 2011 The interactive population maps are an animation by INED designed in partnership with Groupe Hypercarte Laboratoire G ographie Cit s of the CNRS and Universities Paris 1 and Paris 7 and Grenoble Laboratory of Computer Science Universit Joseph Fourier INSTITUT NATIONAL D TUDES D MOGRAPHIQUES French National Institute for Demographic Studies www ined fr en Population maps User s guide January 2012 Part 2 Documentation with examples of use Explore world demography on line The first tab The World is the application home page It opens with the indicator birth rate You can select another with the Select an indicator button This gives you a global map of variations in that indicator for the current year The right hand side of the scr
13. errand France 18 20 June 2007 http geodata grid unep ch results ph 10 Pison G 1999 6 milliards d hommes et moi CD ROM published jointly by Syrinx Mus um national d histoire naturelle French National Institute for Demographic Studies www ined fr en Population maps User s guide January 2012
14. i 00 E f E ad highest in the country or tts neighbours lowest value in the country and its nr igl bour FERTILITY RATE the selected countr Average number of children delivered by a woman over a life childiran iD A ww lte neighbours 5 2040 2055 2070 2085 istitut national d tudes d mogrephiquaes y OT istitut nstonal d tudes d mographmuss www ined fr 2 Identify spatial discontinuities In the third tab Country to country the similarities and differences between neighbouring countries are presented You choose a route through a number of countries Figure 5 The display shows variations in an indicator from one country to another revealing gradients gradual changes and discontinuities sharp changes Over time you can see how these discontinuities develop In Figure 5 you start from Sweden and go through Denmark then Germany France Spain Morocco Algeria Mali and Niger If you choose the fertility rate the graph on the right shows that in 2010 it fluctuates around 2 children per woman from Sweden to Algeria and then rises sharply above 5 children in Mali and Niger In 1950 use the timescale at the bottom the fertility rate was between 2 The route must be over land with no sections by air Starting from a country you can only move to another country that has a common border If they are separated by a short stretch of sea you may take the boat French Nati
15. ion only displays if you have selected a number indicator such as Population or Number of births Click on Proportion to view the curve of the indicator as a proportion of the world total Click on Number to view the curve of absolute numbers Tab 2 A country and its neighbours Select neighbouring countries Move the cursor to increase or reduce the radius of the circle for the selection of neighbouring countries Tab 4 Map without borders Select the scale of smoothing Move the cursor to the right or left to increase or reduce the scale of smoothing To the right you increase the scale and the map is more smoothed To the left you reduce the scale and the map shows more detail Other options and parameters Print Click on this button to print the screen Full screen Click on this button to enlarge the image Press Esc to exit full screen mode IN Help Click on this button to open or close the help function A user s guide pdf and a demonstration video are accessible from the welcome page click on User s guide in the oer nis and on Demonstration video in the Find out more box Je ne ww This smoothes out local variations and shows only broad variations French National Institute for Demographic Studies www ined fr en Population maps User s guide January 2012 Zoom Click on the buttons to enlarge or shrink the map You can also use the mouse wheel Des
16. lect one of the 30 listed indicators see Appendix 1 Select a country We begin with a map of the world To focus on one or more countries select them from the dropdown menu or click on the map To deselect a country click on it again Select a year The timescale is at the bottom We begin with the map of the current year Click on to move backwards in time and on to move forwards You can also move the cursor to change the year gt Show the film Click on this button to see how the situation changes over time Options for particular tabs French National Institute for Demographic Studies www ined fr en Population maps User s guide January 2012 Tab 1 The world All countries or Extremes only This option only displays if you have selected a rate indicator such as birth rate We start with all countries Click on Extremes only to show only countries with the highest or lowest level of the indicator Lowest or Highest This option only displays if you have selected Extremes only Click on Lowest to display countries with the lowest level of the indicator and on highest to display countries with the highest level Select a percentage This option only displays if you have selected Extremes only Move the cursor up or down to increase or decrease the proportion of countries with the lowest or highest values Number or Proportion This opt
17. ompare today s figures with those of the past French National Institute for Demographic Studies www ined fr en Population maps User s guide January 2012 Figure 1 World tab Map with a rate indicator birth rate THE WORLD COUNTRY AND NEIGHBOURS COUNTRY TO COUNTRY MAP WITHOUT BORDERS HOW FAR AWAY AM I Select an indicator F Select a country Selectacountry m im I3 2 BIRTH RATE WORLD ALL COUNTRIES EXTREMES ONLY BIRTH RATE Number of birth per year for 1 000 population 95 x5 1980 1995 2900 2025 2040 2055 2070 2085 210 2010 EAR BIRTH RATE Number of birth per year for 1 000 population WORLD below 10 101015 Mb BB 20025 z 2510 30 m mo Int stitut na istic nal d etudes d mo iphic uand 201 Institut national o s studes d moc raph jugs www ined fr i eC E Figure 2 World tab Map with a number indicator number of infant deaths THE WORLD COUNTRY AND NEIGHBOURS COUNTRY TO COUNTRY MAP WITHOUT BORDERS HOW FAR AWAY AM I Select an indicator v Select a country v m ta L9 INFANT DEATHS UNDER AGE 1 Infant deaths under age 1 thousands INFANT DEATHS UNDER AGE 1 c 2010 Y eA o Da a nik te Seer xe e Ge EA S4 aes dE o o gt rojecte o E e 240 180 INFANT DEATHS UNDER AGE 1 Infant deaths under age 1 thou wm Nigeria P
18. onal Institute for Demographic Studies www ined fr en Population maps User s guide January 2012 and 3 children per woman from Sweden to Spain and then rose sharply between Spain and Morocco to above 6 children When you view the changes since 1950 as a film use play button bottom right the discontinuity on the Mediterranean in 1950 moves south to the Sahara in 2010 This move happened in the last 30 years of the 20th century the North African countries which had high fertility before then saw their fertility rates fall quickly to the level of the countries north of the Mediterranean Age at marriage rose and birth control became more widespread Similar changes are now occurring south of the Sahara but they started later and are happening more slowly You can view the changes in another indicator on the same journey from Sweden to Niger such as the percentage of population urban the proportion of people living in towns select from the Select an indicator menu The gradient slopes the other way the rate is lower as you move south It varies more regularly and does not show the same geographical discontinuity as the fertility rate And the gradient changes over time from 1950 to 2010 more evenly with the percentage urban rising regularly in all countries Figure 5 Country to country tab a journey from Sweden to Niger EE COUNTRY AND NEIGHBOURS COUNTRY TO COUNTRY MAP WITHOUT BORDERS HOW FAR AWAY AM I Selec
19. t an indicator Select a country FERTILITY RATE Travel around by clicking successively on neighbouring countries 9 countries max Total distance travelled 7 156 4 Km VARIATIONS BETWEEN COUNTRIES FERTILITY RATE 2010 children delivered by a woman over a life Average number of C A children 4 a p A 1950 How far away am I On the How far away am I tab you place yourself somewhere on the map and see information about how population or some other quantity is spread around you There are four indicators to choose from population wealth GDP CO emissions and water consumption There is only one date 2010 French National Institute for Demographic Studies www ined fr en Population maps User s guide January 2012 10 Take the Population indicator and click on Paris in France Figure 6 The curve shows along the horizontal kilometre axis what proportion of the world s population vertical axis lives within x km of Paris For example just over 50 of the world s population lives less than 7 500 km away In the box under the curve there are a few typical results within 1 000 km there were 292 million people in 2010 within 2 000 km 578 million and within 4 000 km 1 022 million The box also shows the average distance between you in Paris and the world s population of 7 billion in 2010 5 724 km For population the average distance is shorter in densely popula
20. ted regions than less densely populated ones where you have to go a long way to reach populated areas The curve and typical figures give you a rapid idea of how far away you are from the areas with a high concentration of the indicator chosen in the case of population your distance from the main population centres Figure 6 How far away am I tab results for chosen point Paris black dot THE WORLD COUNTRY AND NEIGHBOURS COUNTRY TO COUNTRY MAP WITHOUT BORDERS HOW FAR AWAY AM 17 Select an indicator TOTAL POPULATION ted around th Population map in 2010 4l ANC C IN TOTAL POPULATION MEAN DISTANCE In a radius of from human beinds 1 000 km 292 millions of inhabitants 5 724 Km 000 km 578 millions of inhabitants 1 000 km 1 022 millions of inhabitants Practice example where on the planet are you closest to most human beings Answer near Lhasa in Tibet an almost desert region but at average distance of only 3 850 km from the world s population of 7 billion And where are you farthest away Answer south of Santiago in Chile where you are on average more than 13 000 km from other people You can repeat this exercise with the other three indicators French National Institute for Demographic Studies www ined fr en Population maps User s guide January 2012 11 Map without borders The Map without borders tab provides smoothed maps like those on the How far away am I tab see detaile
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