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CJEF User Guide

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1. ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR SPECIAL OPERATIONS AJP 3 5 ALLIED JOINT ELECTRONIC WARFARE DOCTRINE AJP 3 6 A PROMULGATED MC MCJSB AJOD FR Ratifying and Implementing PROMULGATED MC NEWAC UK Ratifying and Implementing FR Ratifying and Implementing with Reservations UK Ratifying and Implementing with Reservations UK JDP 3 05 Special Forces Operations R 3A 3 ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL RADIOLOGICAL AND NUCLEAR DEFENCE AJP 3 8 EDITION A VERSION1 MC MCJSB CBRN FR Ratifying and Implementing FR DIA 3 8 NRBC UK No Response UK JWP 3 61 1 NBC Defence JWP 3 61 1 1 Manual of NBD Defence ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR JOINT TARGETING AJP 3 9 LAND TARGETING AJP 3 9 2 MC MCJSB AJOD MC MCLSB LO FR Ratifying and Implementing with Reservations UK Ratifying and Implementing FR Ratifying and Implementing UK Ratifying and Implementing FR DIA 3 9 Targeting AJP 3 9 2 ALLIED JOINT LOGISTIC DOCTRINE AJP 4 A PROMULGATED JLC LC Bi SC LCB FR Ratifying and Implementing UK Ratifying and Implementing FR CIA amp DIA 4 Support in progress UK JDP 4 00 Ed 3 Logistics for Joint Operations AJP 4 A ALLIED JOINT MEDICAL SUPPORT DOCTRINE AJP 4 10 A COMEDS MCMedSB PROMULGATED _ MMSOP FR Ratifying and Implementing UK R
2. Battle damage assessment measure of effects limited work in progress limited work in progress 4A1 2 CJEF User Guide CJEF training and exercises Chapter 5 CJEF training and exercises Chapter 5 addresses training and exercises focussing on the forthcoming years ending at the final validation of concept in 2016 501 A specific CJEF training plan will culminate in a combined joint exercise in 2016 based on a crisis management and complex intervention scenario that will allow CJEF to assess its progress and declare final validation of concept FVOC This training plan will be a living document which will be updated as the CJEF develops 502 Specific CJEF training objectives will be updated on a regular basis from the outputs from the various CJEF Working Groups articulated as a joint task list Principally CJEF training will focus on e improving interoperability at the joint and component levels e developing a common concept of employment e developing common procedures e improving information sharing e identifying and developing a common command structure and e developing a logistic framework 503 The CJEF will be developed in three stages a Stage 1 Preparatory training up to 2015 Up to 2015 single Services will maximise bilateral opportunities for liaison staff training exchanges and participation in planning events and tactical exercises to enhance understa
3. Combined Joint Expeditiona User Guide JOINT FORCES COMMAND COMBINED JOINT EXPEDITIONARY FORCE CJEF USER GUIDE Rr Director Concepts and Doctrine aie Directeur du Centre Interarm es de Concepts de Doctrines et d Exp rimentations CONDITIONS OF RELEASE 1 This information is copyright and the intellectual property rights for this publication belong to the United Kingdom s Ministry of Defence MOD and the Republic of France s French Joint Staff FJS No material or information contained in this publication should be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form outside MOD and FJS establishments except as authorised by both the sponsors and the MOD and FJS where appropriate 2 This information may be subject to privately owned rights CJEF User Guide i Authorisation The UK s Development Concepts and Doctrine Centre DCDC and France s Centre Interarm es de Concepts de Doctrine et d Exp rimentations CICDE are responsible for publishing this user guide Readers wishing to quote the user guide as reference material in other work should confirm with DCDC s Doctrine Editors or with CICDE whether the particular publication remains authoritative Comments on factual accuracy or proposals for amendment are welcomed by both organisations Please send such comments to The Development Concepts and Centre Interarm es de Concepts de Doctrine Centre
4. CJEF joint non combatant evacuation operations planning bilateral exercises alignment of concepts and doctrine as well as capability and equipment cooperation 2 On 10 June 2011 the UK s CDS and France s CEMA approved the military Level of Ambition setting out the size nature and working mechanisms of the UK French force On 16 February 2012 CDS and CEMA approved the Concept of Employment that will be used as a framework for work on subordinate components as well as the guidelines for training and activity in support of the CJEF 3 This CJEF User Guide will e summarise the background to and purpose of the CJEF e consider the UK and French strategic decision making processes identifying areas of commonality and difference and summarising how political strategy reaches the CJEF as operational direction e provide a ready reference to existing North Atlantic Treaty Organization NATO doctrine which forms the basis for CJEF operations as well as the authority for eventually developing the necessary CJEF headquarters handbooks and standard operating procedures e address the guiding principles for command and control communication and information systems information sharing and logistics 1 British Chief of Defence Staff Common Objectives are renewed annually following the meeting of the Senior Level Group UK and France Chiefs of Defence Staff Joint Annual Report dated 02 November 2011 CJEF User Guide v e
5. UK Ratifying and Future Implementation MC MCASB AO FR Not Participating UK Ratifying and Implementing FR DIA 3 3 2 Air Support AIR MARITIME CO ORDINATION AMC AJP 3 3 3 ATP 34 MC MCASB AO FR Ratifying and Implementing UK Ratifying and Implementing AJP 3 3 3 ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR FOR NON ARTICLE 5 CRISIS RESPONSE OPERATIONS AJP 3 4 A PROMULGATED MC MCASB AO MC MCJSB AJOD FR Ratifying and Implementing with Reservations UK Ratifying and Implementing FR Ratifying and Implementing with Reservations UK Ratifying and Future Implementation UK JDP 3 52 Ed 2 Disaster Relief Operations PEACE SUPPORT OPERATIONS AJP 3 4 1 PROMULGATED MC MCJSB AJOD FR Ratifying and Implementing UK Ratifying and Implementing UK JWP 3 50 Peace Support Operations AJP 3 4 1 NON COMBATANT EVACUATION OPERATIONS AJP 3 4 2 ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR COUNTERINSURGENCY COIN AJP 3 4 4 PROMULGATED PROMULGATED MC MCJSB AJOD MC MCLSB LO FR Ratifying and Implementing FR DIA 3 4 2 RESEVAC UK Ratifying and Implementing FR Ratifying and Implementing UK Ratifying and Implementing with Reservations UK JWP 3 51 Chg 1 Non combatant Evacuation Operations JDP in draft FR DIA 3 4 4 COIN UK JDP 3 40 Security and Stabilisation The Military Contribution Lead Nation National Doctrine
6. Doctrine et d Exp rimentations Ministry of Defence Ecole Militaire Shrivenham 1 Place Joffre 75700 SWINDON Wiltshire SN6 8RF PARIS SP 07 Telephone number 0044 Telephone number 0033 1 44 42 0 1793 314216 7 Military 82 93 Network 96161 4216 4217 Email dcdc doceds mod uk Email ema cicde redaction web Ist intradef gouv fr Distribution UK Requests for issue of this publication should be referred to the Forms and Publications Section LCSLS Operations Centre Ploughley Road Arncott Bicester OX25 1LP All other DCDC publications including a regularly updated CD Joint Publications can also be demanded from them LCSLS Operations Centre Help Desk 01869 256052 Military Network 94240 2052 All DCDC publications including drafts are available to view and download on the Defence Intranet RLI at www dcdc dii r mil uk Distribution France Distribution of France s joint doctrine publications is managed by the CICDE This publication is available on the French Military Intradef network at www cicde defense gouv fr ii CJEF User Guide Foreword The Lancaster House Treaty signed between the two heads of government in November 2010 represented a significant strengthening in the defence and security relationship between the UK and France The Combined Joint Expeditionary Force CJEF is a flagship project within the agreement and will consist of national Force Elements operating side by side with the ability to respo
7. MCJSB JINT JISRP UK Ratifying and Implementing STANAG FR Ratifying and Implementing FR DIA 3 Commanding Operations 2490 ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR THE DIA 3 02 Operation Commander AJP 3 Ed 3 CONDUCT OF OPERATIONS AJP 3 B PROMULGATED MC MCJSB AJOD UK Ratifying and Implementing JDP 3 00 Ed 3 Campaign Execution STANAG oes FR Ratifying and Implementing 1459 ALLIED JOINT MARITIME OPERATIONS AJP AJP 3 1 Ed 2 31 PROMULGATED MC MCMSB MAROPS UK Ratifying and Implementing UK JDP 0 10 British Maritime Doctrine tr FR Ratifying and Implementing FR CIA 3 10 Influence Operations ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR ce det and Fours UK JDP 3 80 Information Operations Ed 1 INFORMATION OPERATIONS AJP 3 10 PROMULGATED MC MCJSB AJOD Implementation 3A 1 ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL OPERATIONS AJP 3 10 1 A PROMULGATED MC MCJSB AJOD FR Ratifying and Implementing UK Not Ratifying UK JDP 3 80 1 Psychological Operations Operations Security and Deception R ALLIED DOCTRINE FOR METEOROLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC SUPPORT TO JOINT FORCES AJP 3 11 ALLIED DOCTRINE FOR MILITARY ENGINEER SUPPORT TO JOINT OPERATIONS AJP 3 12 A ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR THE DEPLOYMENT OF FORCES AJP 3 13 PROMULGATED PROMULGATED MC MCJSB AJOD MC MCJSB AJOD FR Ratifying and Implementing UK Ratifying and Implementing FR Ratifying and Implementing UK Ratifying and Imp
8. National Security Council and Restricted Council During the session of the Council in which the Defence Minister and the CEMA take part the President takes his final decision concerning the commitment of the forces In addition once the operation has been decided and as a direct subordinate to the President and the Government the CEMA assumes at strategic level the operational command of all the French forces committed 4 DRM Direction du Renseignement Militaire 2 6 CJEF User Guide The strategic planning processes 220 Action The decision to commit the forces is then transmitted by the CEMA to the Strategic Operations Planning and Control Centre CPCO The CPCO assumes responsibility for operational level planning and especially for developing the concept of operation CONOPS and the operation plan OPLAN to generate the force and prepare it for deployment It then assumes conduct of the operation under the CEMA The operation order OPORD includes an assessment of the situation mission assets involved and rules of engagement After taking part in the decision making process the CPCO becomes the tool used by the CEMA as operational commander to command and control the forces at the strategic level 221 Decision making process Parliament is not directly involved in the French decisional process However since July 2008 Parliament has a control role on French military involvements After four months involvement
9. activating the CJTF headquarters and e scoping the combined logistics operations 225 Operational level planning The UK and French operational level planning processes are tabulated at Annex 2A The annex provides an overview of the processes as an aid to mutual understanding during concurrent planning The sequence of operations planning is broadly similar for both UK and French staffs although the terminology used clearly differs The annex is confined to outlining the process It does not attempt to address why a decision is reached in a given situation 226 Conduct of operations The 1 or 2 led CJTF deployable headquarters will deploy to the joint operations area to conduct operations The CJEF Crisis Contingency Team operation headquarters and CJTF deployable headquarters will include UK and French staff The roles and responsibilities of the operational level and CJTF headquarters are detailed in the Command and Control Annex to the CJEF CONEMP CJEF User Guide 2 9 The strategic planning processes 2 10 CJEF User Guide Annex 2A Operational level planning processes France s method MPO MOD V1 4 ter Authority STEP FRANCE S PLANNING PROCESS requiring PRELIMINARY PHASE INITIALISATION JCS s delegation or local commanding officer in his AOR STEP 1 KNOWLEDGE DEVELOPMENT DTA DTE Creating a planning group Activating and organising the Operational Planning Group OPG Draft 2 Situation
10. example communications and cryptography 1 Other nations that belong to the Multinational Interoperability Council are Australia Canada Germany Italy and the US 3 2 CJEF User Guide The doctrinal basis for CJEF operations related to command and control The Logistic Annex describes the agreed method of bilateral support of deployed CJEF forces The Maritime Land and Air sub CONEMPs show what the component force elements need to be capable of as part of the CJEF specifically covering the likely CJEF tasks g American British Canadian Australian and New Zealand Armies programme The American British Canadian Australian and New Zealand Armies ABCA programme seeks to optimise ABCA Armies interoperability to deliver success on coalition operations Although France is not a member the handbooks provide a series of practical checklists on capacity building coalition operations logistics intelligence and health in the land environment Section 2 The doctrinal architecture 302 The NATO doctrinal architecture The NATO doctrinal architecture is almost comprehensive but not all publications are fully endorsed by both UK and France Wherever possible the UK and France will attempt to apply doctrinal principles from AJPs Other NATO or national publications will only be applied once the divergences between the two nations approaches are at the very least identified The areas of assessed doctrinal commonality and dive
11. from the outset of the operation The execution of air operations will be centralised or decentralised depending on the prevailing circumstances A single recognised air picture will be provided by the CUFACHQ to the CUTF headquarters Command and control will be enabled by the component or direct method both described in the Air sub CONEMP 431 Organisation The CJEF air component will be prepared to operate alone but would expect to operate under a joint force construct Wherever and whenever possible the principle of multi role inherent to all air platforms will be maximised This will reduce the deployed footprint while expanding the range of available effects to the force commander 432 Integration The CJEF air component will fully integrate down to a level that is appropriate and necessary to deliver optimum CJEF effect within overall pragmatic resource constraints Where this is not possible activity will be co ordinated and deconflicted It is anticipated that the main limiting factor will be the provision of effective communications and information systems as a key enabler for command and control along with the development of tactics techniques and procedures as well as ways of working 433 General capabilities The capabilities delivered by the CJEF air component in support of likely CJEF tasks include e air command and control e control of the air and space e attack CJEF User Guide 4 7 CJEF operations e
12. summarise the operating concepts in the maritime air and land environments and e incorporate the lessons learned from current and future operations 4 The CJEF user guide has been developed to assist staff operating at the operational and higher tactical levels of CJEF operations This will include staff of the operational and force headquarters as well as defence staff The guide has wider use as it also provides a framework for effective interaction with e host nation forces and institutions e international organisations e non government organisations and e potential partner or contributing nations vi CJEF User Guide COMBINED JOINT EXPEDITIONARY FORCE CJEF USER GUIDE Contents Foreword iii Preface V Contents vii Chapter 1 Creating the Combined Joint Expeditionary Force History 1 1 Purpose 1 2 Structures 1 3 Chapter 2 The strategic planning processes Strategic decision making in the UK 2 1 Strategic decision making in France 2 5 Turning political strategy into CJEF operational level direction 2 8 Annex 2A Operational level planning processes Chapter 3 The doctrinal basis for CJEF operations Key source documentation 3 1 The doctrinal architecture 3 3 Annex 3A National coherence with NATO doctrine CJEF User Guide vii Chapter 4 CJEF operations Command and control 4 1 Communications and information 4 2 Combined Joint Support Group 4 2 CJEF components 4 4 Annex 4A Full spectrum targ
13. the Maritime sub CONEMP The land component 423 Operational capability At full operational capability in 2016 the land component should be able to plan execute command and support joint and combined full spectrum operations up to formation level grande unit This includes elements conducting airborne and amphibious operations CJEF User Guide 4 5 CJEF operations 424 Scale and command The combined UK French land component will consist of a minimum of a combined UK French 1 headquarters in command of at least a UK battlegroup a French equivalent and key enablers In specific circumstances there may be a requirement for a 2 land component headquarters as amplified in the CJEF Land sub CONEMP 425 Organisation The land component of the CJEF as an early entry force will be characterised by rapid deployability It will have correspondingly limited lethality protection duration and range intra theatre relative to any non CJEF follow on forces The requirement to deploy rapidly will lead to the initial force elements being drawn from light or lightly equipped forces at very high or high readiness 426 Integration In principle the land component headquarters will be integrated with the subordinate force elements operating under their own national doctrine The land component headquarters should operate under a single agreed set of standing operating instructions standing operating procedures which the subordinate force
14. 6 will use existing UK and French high readiness and experienced national force headquarters staff This will include officers that we have embedded in each other s deployable headquarters We will ensure that the CJEF Headquarters is capable of expansion to include staff from other nations participating in a multinational operation We agreed to accelerate development of the command and control elements of the CUEF so that in the short term the combined CJEF Headquarters will be able to be deployed on request to command and execute an evacuation operation This will be developed further to plan for and be ready to execute further operations of mutual interest before CJEF full operational capability in 2016 4 1 Anglo French Summit defence and security declaration February 2012 Downing Street declaration by President Sarkozy and Prime Minister Cameron dated 2 November 2010 3 CJEF Level of Ambition document signed on 8 July 2011 4 Chiefs of Defence Staff Joint Annual Report dated 2 November 2011 CJEF User Guide 1 1 Creating the Combined Joint Expeditionary Force Full operational capability will be achieved through a 5 year exercise framework which commenced in 2011 Section 2 Purpose 103 Capability The CJEF will be able to conduct offensive and defensive operations on land in the air and at sea wherever UK and French national security interests are aligned The total force in the 2016 timeframe will have a balanced
15. From miscellaneous classified and unclassified sources memorandum preliminary Environment amp origins of the conflict crisis analysis Goals of different acting groups STEP 2 OPERATIONAL ASSESSMENT 1 Contribution to e Using Strategic orientations and orienting J2 activities Strategic Operational advice edition analysis STEP 3 ORIENTATION planning 31 Strategic Initial planning orientation context Preliminary orders to tactical level Environmental assessment D Political military economics social information infrastructures 2 Environmental conclusions 3 32 Context Actors analysis Mission analysis 5 assessment e Targets and goals e Mission T Capabilities generators Operational goals Systemic interactions Influence possibilities Actors e Military capabilities Assumptions e Strengths amp weaknesses Critical operational requirements 2 Mission Possible ways ahead incl CPS PIR amp MPP 2 analysis Centres of gravity Interactions with non military Critical capabilities actors T Critical requirements e Limitations 5 Critical vulnerabilities Operational risks Conclusions regarding ACTORS Conclusions regarding MISSION 32 Building From all those limited conclusions determining Building determining conclusions considering o conclusions TIME SPACE FORCES ENVIRONMENT pes From operational goals Te Determining succe
16. MULATE POTENTIAL COURSES OF ACTION Outputs e A JTFC assured in his mind that he is ready and able to devise his Campaign Big Idea s Sufficient understanding of the true nature of the operational environment e Confirm the essentials of the mission e Articulate theory of change e Articulate art of the possible Identify key themes and messages Inputs Confirmed campaign objectives and campaign end state e Operational Centre s of Gravity Decisive conditions confirmed and potential Deductions from Steps 1 2a 2b Purpose Sequence decisive condition s Centre s of gravity and end state Produce one or more campaign concepts STEP 4 DEVELOP AND VALIDATE COURSES OF ACTION Inputs Purpose e Campaign big ideas e Develop courses of action JTFC direction and guidance Select sequence supporting on course of action effects development e Determine activities through joint action e Validate courses of action Red teaming e Operational analysis e Wargaming Risk analysis Outputs e Campaign big idea s expressed using campaign end state objectives centre s of gravity and decisive condition s each forms the basis of a subsequent course of action e Outline campaign schematics e Course of action effects schematics e JTFC direction and guidance on course of action development Ou
17. P 6 PROMULGATED MC MCJSB AJOD to Joint Operations STANAG FR Ratifying and Implementing FR CIA 9 CIMIC 2509 NATO CIVIL MILITARY CO OPERATION AJP 9 Ed 1 CIMIC DOCTRINE AJP 9 PROMULGATED _ MC MCJSB AJOD UK Ratifying and Implementing UK JDP 3 90 Civil Military Co operation 3A 5 3A 6 CJEF operations Chapter 4 CJEF operations Chapter 4 addresses command and control communication and information systems information sharing and logistics in CJEF operations It summarises the CJEF operating concepts in the maritime land and air environments Section 1 Command and control 401 Command At the strategic level a UK French group at Chief of Defence Staff Chef d Etat Major des Arm es level will provide strategic direction to the CJEF for operations The strategic body will issue directions to the operational level headquarters This headquarters will be located in either the UK or France depending on the situation and will always include augmentees from the other nation The operational headquarters will issue its orders to a deployable scalable CJEF Combined Joint Task Force CJTF headquarters which will be led by a framework nation with augmentees from the other nation 402 National contributions It is expected that both the operational and CJTF headquarters will be led by the same framework nation where possible but this is not essential The commander will be from the framework nati
18. activated by a bilateral political decision following consultation between the UK Prime Minister and the French President or their authorised representatives Concurrently supporting consultation the UK and French planning staffs will propose the end state strategic objectives broad strategic options and develop the strategic narrative Liaison will ensure coordination Independent UK and French national military planning assessments will be formally brought together by 2 8 CJEF User Guide The strategic planning processes the formation of a CJEF Crisis Contingency Team based at either the UK MOD or the French CPCO Strategic Operations Planning and Control Centre Concurrently liaison detachments from the crisis contingency team will be placed in the non hosting nation s headquarters 224 Strategic direction A UK French group at CDS CEMA level will provide strategic direction to the CJEF for deployed operations This will be delivered through the CJEF crisis contingency team to a single military operational level headquarters located in the UK or France This operational level headquarters will conduct the UK France led operations at the military strategic level of command Early strategic decisions include e designating the operation commander and force commander e designating the command and control structure lead nation framework nation e deciding the location of the operation headquarters PJHQ or Mont Val rien e
19. air mobility and e intelligence surveillance and reconnaissance These capabilities are amplified in the Air sub CONEMP Amphibious operations 434 The UK and France have different organisations to manage amphibious operations In the UK the Royal Marines is part of the Royal Navy and amphibious issues below Joint Force Headquarters level are addressed by the Maritime component commander In France the Troupes de Marine are part of the Army This means that amphibious issues are always developed at the joint level although they are conducted in accordance with NATO doctrine Both the UK and France have ratified and are implementing NATO doctrine for amphibious operations 3 STANAG 1149 AMPHIBOPS Edition 2 ATP 8 B Volume 1 Doctrine for Amphibious Operations 4 8 CJEF User Guide CJEF operations Annex 4A Full spectrum targeting within the UK France CJEF framework 4A1 This annex is the product of a combined UK France full spectrum targeting FST seminar held at the Ecol Militaire Paris on 25 October 2012 It articulates a common understanding of full spectrum targeting and some of the key areas that must be considered to develop this capability within the CJEF Developing knowledge and understanding of the operational environment which includes the information environment requires time and multidisciplinary contributions National complications are also increased in bilateral arena 4A2 Full spectrum targeting i
20. am is also established at PJHQ The current commitments team and contingency planning team work as a single entity through the medium of video conferencing Together with the strategic planning group they produce initial advice on the crisis for the Chief of Defence Staff CDS who then briefs ministers and when invited the Cabinet The strategic planning group will draft the CDS planning directive to the DCMO based on the political direction given by the Government The product of the planning process is the military strategic estimate which is written by PJHQ based upon the analysis in the grand strategic estimate The military strategic estimate will detail the military options including the implications for UK and the likely costs 210 CDS directive CDS presents to the Cabinet the military options identified in the military strategic estimate In a major crisis the NSC will form to take the key political decisions If they decide that UK forces are to be involved in the crisis they will choose an option and authorise CDS to proceed through the Secretary of State for Defence The current commitments team will then draft the CDS directive that will inter alia nominate a Joint Commander normally the Chief of Joint Operations CJO 3 Commander at PUHQ The CDS directive will also detail the UK s aim desired end state and any constraints set by the Cabinet 211 PJHQ operations team On receiving the CDS directive PJHQ expa
21. and PJHQ on strategic issues It may initiate a grand strategic estimate which seeks to define the e UK s national intent and political objectives e international community s probable options and intent e desirable and acceptable end states e resource implications and constraints and e likely reaction of allies The process produces assessments of the diplomatic economic political and military options open to the UK Government Effectively the strategic planning group fulfils the plans or J5 role for the MOD 208 MOD current commitments team A current commitments team CCT is the crisis team formed at MOD This usually includes staff from regional capability intelligence logistics and movements MOD directorates and from other government departments The team is usually only eight to ten people but will be authoritative A 2 lead is possible but a 1 or OF5 CJEF User Guide 2 3 The strategic planning processes lead would be more usual Initially the team forms in the offices of its members but as the crisis deepens it will move into the Defence Crisis Management Centre in MOD and work continuously The current commitments team deals with current operational issues concerning the deployment action and recovery of forces The current commitments team thus fulfils the J3 role for the MOD 209 PJHQ contingency planning team When the current commitments team forms in MOD a contingency planning te
22. and its dynamics This approach should foster collective intent and output focused objectives leading more easily to the implementation of mutually supporting activity 2 2 CJEF User Guide The strategic planning processes If it becomes apparent that a crisis is emerging a current operations group COG may be formed to study the situation in detail 206 Current operations group Acurrent operations group may be convened at 30 minutes notice It is chaired by the Operations Directorate and attended by selected regional and capability staffs The FCO DFID and Cabinet Office used to coordinate cross government activities are invited to attend so that a common appreciation of events is gained across government The current operations group assesses the severity of the crisis and considers the options for intervention The necessity for strategic political direction from the Cabinet is discussed along with the desired end state and exit strategy The current operations group will decide on the need to form a strategic planning group if one has not already formed together with a current commitments team dedicated to handling operational problems 207 Strategic planning group A strategic planning group SPG takes a long term view It assesses the crisis to evaluate strategic options conducts forward planning and considers end states It provides military strategic advice for the political process and assists the Operations Directorate
23. atifying and Implementing UK JDP 4 03 Ed 3 Joint Medical Doctrine JDP 4 03 1 Clinical Guidelines for Operations AJP 4 10 A ED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR NATO ASSET BILITY AJP 4 11 MC MCLSB AST FR Ratifying and Implementing UK Ratifying and Future Implementation ED JOINT MOVEMENT AND TRANSPORTATION DOCTRINE AJP 4 4 A ALLIED JOINT HOST NATION SUPPORT DOCTRINE AND PROCEDURES AJP 4 5 A LC Bi SC M T Forum FR Ratifying and Implementing UK No Response FR Not Participating FR CIA 4 5 France as a Host Nation LC Bi SC LCB UK No Response STANAG ee i FR Ratifying and Implementing 2230 MULTINATIONAL JOINT LOGISTICS CENTRE AJP 4 6 A Ed 2 MJLC DOCTRINE AJP 4 6 A PROMULGATED LC LC Bi SC LCB UK Ratifying and Implementing STANAG FR Ratifying and Implementing with 2536 ALLIED JOINT PETROLEUM DOCTRINE AJP Reservations Ed 1 4 7 PROMULGATED _ PC PC NFLWG UK Ratifying and Implementing 3A 4 MODES OF MULTINATIONAL LOGISTIC SUPPORT AJP 4 9 PROMULGATED LC LC Bi SC LCB FR Not Participating UK Ratifying and Implementing ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION FR Ratifying and Implementing UK Ratifying and Implementing UK JDP 6 00 Ed 3 Chg 1 CIS Support Ed 1 SYSTEMS AJ
24. bined Joint Support Group principles Principles for logistic support to CJEF operations are detailed in the Logistic Annex to the CJEF CONEMP This annex outlines how CJEF operations are to be supported logistically and how logistic command and control will be arranged It seeks to allocate logistic responsibilities commodities services and tasks It will also give guidelines on financial and administrative aspects of CJEF Logistics Control LOGCON That authority granted to a Commander over assigned logistics units and organisations in the JOA including National Support Elements NSE that empowers him to synchronise prioritise and integrate their logistics functions and activities to accomplish the joint theatre mission It does not confer authority over the nationally owned resources held by an NSE except as agreed in the Transfer of Authority or in accordance with NATO Principles and Policies for Logistics LOGCON is the minimum C2 authority that should be employed As defined in AJP 3 B Allied Joint Doctrine for the Conduct of Operations CJEF User Guide 4 3 CJEF operations Section 4 CJEF components The maritime component 415 Operational capability At full operational capability in 2016 the maritime component should consist of task units working within combined task groups capable of operating within a task force across the full spectrum of maritime power roles The maritime component headquarters should be able to p
25. compliant with NATO Response Force task levels detailed in the AD 80 96 of 100 sorties per day to support a brigade sized manoeuvre unit and was agreed to at 3 FAF RAF level in the CJEF AIR Component Level of Ambition aper dated 15 February 12 signed by DCINC Ops and Comdt CDAOA Including medical support 1 4 CJEF User Guide The strategic planning processes Chapter 2 The strategic planning processes Chapter 2 summarises the UK and France s strategic decision making processes and identifies areas of difference and commonality It also summarises how political strategy reaches the CJEF as combined operational direction 201 Introduction UK and France differ in their mechanisms for strategic decision making and the two approaches are detailed below Being aware of both processes will increase our understanding of cross government decision making and command processes and ensure more effective bilateral consultation and cooperation This document identifies areas of commonality and difference and summarises the procedures for combined political decision making with regards to the employment of the CJEF The chapter is meant as a general overview and discusses only the processes that are in place in each nation There is no attempt to interpret how or why a decision is reached in a given situation 202 UK France political direction Establishing a mechanism for the timely delivery of agreed UK France political direction to th
26. ctrum targeting capabilities Capabilities UK France Leaflet production v v Leaflet dropping xX V4 Leaflet canisters xX X Radio recording V4 4 Radio Maritime v v Radio Air x xX Radio Land v v CIMIC V4 4 Direct TV over broadcast X xX TV broadcast recording v 4 Cultural and linguistic support limited limited to production Social media v v SMS V4 4 Bilateral integration v v Precision guided munitions z maritime Precision guided munitions P land Precision guided munitions air Geospatial Point Mensuration v ISR for time sensitive a se limited targeting maritime ISR for time sensitive se limited limited targeting land ISR for time sensitive limited limited targeting air Electronic warfare maritime limited limited Electronic warfare land limited limited CJEF User Guide 4A1 1 CJEF operations Capabilities UK France Electronic warfare air limited limited Cyber limited limited Full spectrum targeting doctrine limited work in progress limited work in progress Structures limited work in progress limited work in progress Individual and collective training limited work in progress limited work in progress Interoperability limited work in progress limited work in progress Target audience analysis limited work in progress limited work in progress
27. cussion of the Government s objectives for national security and how best to deliver them In addition to representation from the FCO DFID and MOD the NSC also includes the Chancellor of the Exchequer the Secretaries of State for the Home Department and for Energy and Climate Change the Chief Secretary to the Treasury and the Minister for Government Policy 205 Trigger event Within the MOD the Defence Crisis Management Organisation DCMO monitors world events continuously It takes inputs from the regional departments and the intelligence services looking for indicators and warnings of emerging crises The DCMO has a morning briefing chaired at 3 or 2 level by the senior officer available from the MOD normally Deputy Chief of Defence Staff Military Strategy and Operations Also present are representatives from e the regional and capability staffs e intelligence e FCO e MOD media staff e the Permanent Joint Headquarters PUHQ e the single Service headquarters Fleet Land and Air Commands e Director Special Forces and e UK Delegations to Headquarters NATO Supreme Allied Commander Europe and the European Union These join the meeting via video teleconferencing The UK s integrated approach is described in JDP 0 01 4 Edition British Defence Doctrine It requires those dealing with a crisis to be predisposed to collaboration and cooperation and structured to develop a shared understanding of a situation
28. d supporting actions Relation between decisive conclusions and required effects Operational reserve Influence operations Supporting non military actions e Goals and missions of subordinated commanders e Retained organisation force amp command e FMOAs schemes Operation timetable Critical analysis of both OMOAs and FMOAs 4a 3 Elaboration of friendly MOAs FMOAs to the operational environment assessment 4a4 lpia of Wargaming Synchronisation Inherent advantages and drawbacks comparison 4a 5 Confronting Comparison of each FMOA confronted to all OMOAs MOAs Commander s criteria filtering Evaluation of operational risk Selection of FMOA to be developed DB Additional directives for CONOPS development 4a 6 Decision Brief List of points to be assessed at strategical level Priority points regarding C4 Approval Coordination with national amp international actors Fulfilling retained FMOA Completing Commander s intents Describing the operation 4a 7 Editing the Subordinate commanders objectives and missions CONOPS Developing coordinating instruction Editing logistics CONOPS Describing C2 CONOPS Fulfilling annexes STEP 4b OPLAN BUILDING Developing and editing fulfilled OPLAN STEP 5 OPLAN ENFORCEMENT AND UPDATE Conducting the operation campaign assessment OPLAN updating STEP 6 DISENGAGING Transition conducting 0 lt 00 With c
29. e CJEF Combined Joint Force Commander including direction to meet decision points to deploy is key It is essential that this occurs concurrently with the development of the military headquarters The mechanism for combined strategic decision making is covered at the end of this chapter Section 1 Strategic decision making in the UK 203 Political control and direction Democratic control and political direction of the Armed Forces are exercised by Ministers either individually or in committee Desired outcomes are identified as Government policy expressed in the form of a national strategic aim and translated into actionable objectives for national cross Government strategic planning Ministers decide on the most effective approach on a case by case basis drawing upon a variety of cross Government committees The most significant of these is the National Security Council NSC The NSC CJEF User Guide 2 1 The strategic planning processes provides the mechanism for active cross Government and multi agency cooperation enabling an integrated approach to any campaign 204 Events World events are observed and assessed at the highest political level and by individual government departments In particular the Foreign and Commonwealth Office FCO Department for International Development DFID and the Ministry of Defence MOD will be involved The NSC chaired by the Prime Minister then provides the main forum for collective dis
30. ects recent changes in NATO policy particularly the comprehensive approach The doctrine is also coherent with the 2010 Lisbon Summit AJP 01 D explains the principles that underpin the planning and conduct of NATO campaigns and major operations It provides commanders with the strategic context for such operations and identifies their operational level challenges Finally it provides the commander with guidance and strategies to direct successful campaigns b AJP 5 Allied Joint Doctrine for Operational level Planning AJP 5 is aimed primarily at those engaged in operational level planning specifically commanders and staffs employed in joint force command headquarters and component command headquarters It describes the fundamental aspects of planning joint operations at the operational level CJEF User Guide 3 1 The doctrinal basis for CJEF operations c AJP 3 B Allied Joint Doctrine for the Conduct of Operation AJP 3 B describes the fundamental operational level aspects of joint operations and provides guidance on the conduct of joint operations at the operational level Most operations will take place in all environments maritime land air space and information including cyberspace while some will predominantly favour a single one The level of joint participation may vary and is likely to include non military agencies institutions or organisations The guidance is authoritative As such this doctrine should be followed exc
31. elements will need to incorporate into their procedures Essential to the mission will be a clear understanding of each other s doctrine 427 General capabilities The land component should be able to conduct offensive or defensive both lethal and non lethal actions in or near urban areas among the population facing a regular and or irregular threat While maintaining force protection it must be capable of conducting control neutralisation and destruction actions 428 Land component tasks Common to all tasks will be a requirement for the land component to prepare deploy operate and redeploy as amplified in the Land sub CONEMP The land component contribution to the CJEF tasks is also amplified in the sub CONEMP The air component 429 Operational capability At full operational capability in 2016 the air component should be able to conduct combined air operations This may 2 FR taxonomy 4 6 CJEF User Guide CJEF operations include carrier borne aircraft to support the necessary air power roles to enable complex operations by the CJEF 430 Scale and command Dependent upon the size and scale of the CJEF operation the CJEF air component will be capable of operating up to 70 sorties per day including all air assets across the full spectrum of air power roles It will operate under unity of command and will lead the air domain with a Combined Joint Force Air Component Headquarters CJFACHQ that will be established
32. ent in the planning and direction for FST UK and French planning staffs should continue to develop their understanding of the role of narratives in operations The ongoing work within the Multinational Information Operations Experiment MNIOE can assist this 4A6 UK and France each enjoy significant influence around the globe based on historical cultural and economic engagements This could be leveraged by France and UK acting as lead nations in their region of historical influence This and associated sharing of information would save time improve understanding and reduce assessment gaps Command and control considerations 4A7 Full spectrum targeting occurs at the tactical operational and strategic levels The key coordination role lies at the operational level 4A8 To coordinate full spectrum targeting the operational headquarters must contain an full spectrum targeting cell capable of planning and integrating information activities fires and cyber UK and France should develop a common full spectrum targeting estimate for CJEF building on their existing processes This could form the basis for a standardised format across NATO 4A9 Since current planning is based on a three month operation for the CJEF to be effective information sharing on national contingency planning supported by combined training must be the norm Existing liaison structures can assist with this Narratives are compelling story lines which exp
33. ept when in the judgement of the commander circumstances dictate otherwise d Multinational Interoperability Council Coalition Building Guide Edition 2 Multinational Interoperability Council MIC membership includes both the UK and France The MIC Coalition Building Guide seeks to identify those essential factors associated with coalition building within the context of multinational military operations to assist a lead nation coalition force commander and coalition staff It concentrates on the strategic and operational levels of multinational joint operations It also attempts to provide a common reference for contributing nations e Comprehensive Operations Planning Directive The Comprehensive Operations Planning Directive COPD developed by NATO is detailed but cumbersome and optimised for NATO structures Both the UK and France are more familiar with national planning methods France is currently refining the COPD for its own planning purposes For CJEF operations planning the COPD should be used until an agreed alternative is identified f CJEF Concept of Employment and sub Concepts of Employments The main Concept of Employment CONEMP describes how the CJEF will be generated what it will be deployed to do and how it will be employed The Command and Control Annex to the CONEMP describes the bilateral decision and planning process sharing of responsibilities between structures the CJEF headquarters and the systems for
34. er possible to support interoperability 106 Handover to a follow on force In the abnormal case where the initial CJEF intervention leads to an enduring operation the CJEF will handover to another force operating under a different chain of command Depending on the organisation size and shape of any follow on force provided by international organisations such as NATO EU UN or the African Union it is likely that the formal force activation process would begin at the outset of the CJEF deployment Past experience indicates that the activation warning and combined joint statement of requirement CUSOR process followed by international organisations can take approximately three months Therefore urgent diplomatic engagement is required at the earliest stages of a CJEF operation to establish how the follow on force would be configured 107 CJEF concept of employment The UK France CJEF concept of employment CJEF CONEMP amplifies the operational employment and describes the capabilities of the CJEF It also outlines the force development implications and the identified constraints lessons and recommendations Command and control and logistics considerations are contained in annexes to the main CONEMP Maritime land air and communications and information systems considerations are contained in supporting sub CONEMPS Section 3 Structures 108 Command and control Each of the likely CJEF tasks may demand a bespoke command and c
35. esources assigned to the CJSG to deliver operational theatre level logistic support and coordinate theatre wide logistic support 412 Integration Both nations authorities have a collective responsibility to provide effective and efficient logistic support to CJEF operations During the planning phase and the force generation process the operational headquarters will establish a collaborative logistic operations planning process that engages both nations at the earliest opportunity to implement combined logistic solutions These will draw on agreed arrangements established prior to the operation The use of NATO standards and procedures wherever possible will stimulate greater interoperability and coherence in our logistics arrangements Either the UK or France will lead with host nation support arrangements although assurance of local facilities especially medical shall remain a national responsibility 413 General capabilities Sustaining the force will ultimately be a national responsibility However the ambition for the CJEF is to have combined and joint sustainment achieved from the deployment of the first force elements Wherever possible the UK and France should share resources Contractor logistics support will be used if appropriate the CJEF will try to achieve this using either existing national arrangements or through a new third party contract integrator arrangement which could support both nations concurrently 414 Com
36. essment will occur at all levels political military strategic operational and tactical and each level must be linked with the others Although the time required to assess the effect of non lethal capabilities may be greater than the expected deployment of the CJEF their assessment remains vital CJEF staff must develop an assessment plan for both lethal and non lethal effects that can be handed over to any follow on force CJEF User Guide 4A 3 CJEF operations 4A17 Assessment is ultimately subjective but must be based on objective analysis particularly regarding non lethal effects Measures of effects MOE are the most important element of full spectrum targeting assessment but measures of activity MOA and performance MOP contribute to this 4A18 Adraft FST assessment framework should include e a thorough examination of the environment including target system human terrain and target audience analysis to establish a baseline of understanding e an understanding of the effect the CJEF seeks to generate e indicators that will show trends towards that effect e how the indicators can be recognised and e what collection assets are required Legal issues 4A19 UK and French legal staff should develop a working relationship which takes account of national issues including but not limited to rules of engagement for lethal and non lethal capabilities 4A 4 CJEF User Guide CJEF operations Appendix 4A1 Full spe
37. eting within the UK France CJEF framework Chapter 5 CJEF training and exercises 5 1 Lexicon viii CJEF User Guide Creating the Combined Joint Expeditionary Force Chapter 1 Creating the Combined Joint Expeditionary Force Chapter 1 summarises the history purpose and structure of the Combined Joint Expeditionary Force CJEF Section 1 History 101 Background At the Lancaster House Summit on 02 November 2010 the UK and France took the historic decision to raise our defence and security cooperation to unprecedented levels We are natural partners in security and defence and our countries share values global interests and responsibilities We signed two treaties one on security and defence cooperation the other on joint defence nuclear capabilities These were ratified by our two Parliaments They now constitute the foundation of a wide range of ambitious cooperation programmes that are essential to our present and future defence and security interests The UK France Defence and Security Cooperation Treaty came into force on 1 July 2011 102 The Combined Joint Expeditionary Force In November 2010 the UK and France agreed to develop a CJEF The level of ambition was agreed as an early entry force capable of facing multiple threats up to the highest intensity available for bilateral NATO EU UN or other operations We will establish a deployable Combined UK France Joint Force Headquarters which by 201
38. f the other s lead of a component 4 4 CJEF User Guide CJEF operations 420 To ease integration NATO procedures will be used by both UK and French assets of the maritime force NATO concepts and doctrine already constitute the common work basis for both navies The only additional concept that needs to be developed is the UK France Carrier Strike CONEMP 421 General capabilities The key capabilities that will enable a combined force to deal with the likely CJEF tasks in the maritime domain are listed below a The ability to rapidly deploy a naval forward element joined later by a full task group if required The notice to move for forces will be defined by each nation based primarily upon its high readiness forces The period required to build up and deploy the remainder of the maritime component will depend on its composition but should be expected not to exceed 30 days b The ability to command a maritime component of up to a task force based on one or several capital ships aircraft nelicopter carriers or amphibious ships c The capacity to project power whether aircraft or troops depending on the nature of the operation 422 Maritime component tasks Sea control will remain the principal requirement for the maritime element of the CJEF and the essential prerequisite for the projection of military power even when an operation is inland The maritime component contribution to the potential CJEF tasks is amplified in
39. its approval is required to decide whether involvement is to be continued In addition since 2003 military operations are funded on a special budget which is part of the annual budget of the State voted by the Parliament CJEF User Guide 2 7 The strategic planning processes Section 3 Turning political strategy into CJEF operational level direction 222 CJEF command and control design The two national processes described above will provide bilateral direction to the CJEF in a command and control design broadly following the structure shown in Figure 2 1 Elysee Palace Bi Lateral Political Direction National Security Council Political Direction amp Policy Political Strategy CDS Directive Political Strategic Estimate Military Strategy CJO Directive Military Strategic Operational Estimate Direction EMIA FE Campaign Plan Direct control Componency model CCT Crisis Contingency Team JFHQ Joint Forces Headquarters CJEF Combined Joint Expeditionary Force MOD Ministry of Defence CJTF Combined Joint Task Force NSC National Security Council CPCO Centre de Planification et de Conduite OHQ Operational Headquarters des Op rations PJHQ Permanent Joint Headquarters EMIA FE Etat Major InterArm es Forces amp Entrainement Joint HQ Forces and Training Figure 2 1 CJEF command and control construct 223 Activation The CJEF will be
40. lain events convincingly and from which inferences can be drawn Professor Sir Lawrence Freedman The MNIOE is a German led initiative to drive innovation and development of the information operations function 4 This includes psychological operations public affairs media operations electronic warfare key leader engagement and civil military cooperation 4A 2 CJEF User Guide CJEF operations 4A10 Wherever possible command and control should use NATO CIS systems 4A11 Effective full soectrum targeting depends on the following strategic level directions e the strategic narrative e assumptions e the effects to be achieved and e the targeting directive 4A12 Nevertheless early planning may have to start without full strategic direction and the operational commander may craft a local narrative to assist with this However this must be in accordance with the political intent 4A13 UK and France must develop a standardised format for target folders This could form the basis for a standardised format across NATO 4A14 Wherever possible target engagement authority should be delegated to the lowest appropriate level UK France full spectrum targeting capabilities 4A15 To address capability gaps the CJEF may need to seek the use of other nations assets A basic unclassified audit of UK and French capabilities to support full spectrum targeting is at Appendix 1 Full spectrum targeting assessment 4A16 Campaign ass
41. lan deploy command operate and recover maritime security and power projection assets including amphibious and carrier strike operating as a combined task force consisting of maritime assets of any type from either nation 416 Scale and command The maritime component will be up to a task group based on a capital ship aircraft carrier or landing platform dock helicopter The forces required to conduct a CJEF operation will primarily depend on circumstances and will be generated according to tasks and assets availability They may include any combination of UK French maritime assets gathered in a task group commanded from a UK French combined headquarters led by either nation 417 Command and control of fixed wing embarked on carriers Reserved 418 Organisation The integrated maritime planning capacity may rely on existing staffs The battle staffs will be built up on existing national structures as detailed in the maritime sub CONEMP 419 Integration Whatever the complexity of the operations a high level of integration will be sought between staffs CJTF headquarters and maritime component headquarters This will ensure proper coordination of effects and coherence of goals within each staff be it UK or French led so that the forces committed by both nations are commanded competently This integration could see e either nations assets operating from the other s platforms and e platforms of one nation under command o
42. le environment These areas are still being developed 407 Tactical communications This area is also being developed 408 Information sharing The sharing of accurate and updated information and intelligence is necessary for the conduct of bilateral operations Unclassified details of information sharing protocols and policy will be included in this guide in future iterations 409 Common operating picture This area is also being developed Section 3 Combined Joint Support Group 410 Operational capability Once at full operational capability the Combined Joint Support Group CJSG should be able to plan and deliver a common joint support solution to deploy sustain and recover the CJEF It will maximise the common use of UK and French logistics resources including if necessary the use of outsourced logistic support 411 Scale and command The CJSG will need to be scalable and should wherever possible be totally integrated It should also be prepared to host the national support element function where that is practicable The force commander is responsible for logistic planning and coordination to support the CJEF To make optimal use of available resources both nations must provide the force commander with the required information capabilities and 4 2 CJEF User Guide CJEF operations the necessary authority LOGCON When established commander CJSG will have responsibility for the command and control of the logistic r
43. lementing with Reservations FR Ratifying and Implementing UK Ratifying and Implementing AJP 3 11 AJP 3 13 ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR FORCE PROTECTION AJP 3 14 ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR COUNTER IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES C IED ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR LAND PROMULGATED MC MCJSB AJOD FR Ratifying and Implementing UK Ratifying and Implementing with Reservations FR Ratifying and Implementing FR CIA 3 14 Force Protection UK JDP 3 64 Force Protection JDP 3 64 1 Force Protection Engineering FR CIA 3 15 EEI PROMULGATED MC MCLSB LO UK Ratifying and Implementing with Comments FR Ratifying Implementing UK Ratifying Future Implementation UK JDP 3 65 AUP 3 15 A Counter IED AJP 3 15 A ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR MILITARY POLICE AJP 3 2 3 3 PROMULGATED MC MCLSB LO FR Ratifying and Implementing with Reservations UK Ratifying and Implementing ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR AIR AND SPACE OPERATIONS AJP 3 3 A PROMULGATED MC MCASB AO FR Not Participating until next edition UK Ratifying and Implementing with Rreservations 3A 2 UK AP 3000 Ed 4 British Air and Space Power Doctrine ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR COUNTER AIR OPERATIONS AJP 3 3 1 B ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR CLOSE AIR SUPPORT AND AIR INTERDICTION AJP MC MCASB AO FR Ratifying Implementing
44. nd to a wide range of scenarios including high intensity operations This User Guide is designed for all personnel involved at the operational and higher tactical level of CJEF operations and has been jointly developed by the Development Concepts and Doctrine Centre at Shrivenham and the Centre Interarm es de Concepts de Doctrine et d Exp rimentations in Paris Itis a living document and as we move towards the Final Validation of Concept in 2016 and the final stages of CJEF development it will be revised to ensure that the principles contained reflect the reality of what we are trying to achieve We consider the Guide an essential tool in the development of the CJEF concept and expect it to be utilised as a key reference document for all involved in the CJEF project INO a General Sir Nicholas Houghton G n ral d Arm e Pierre de Villiers Vice Chief of the Defence Staff Major G n ral des Arm es 20 Nov 2012 20 Nov 2012 CJEF User Guide iii CJEF User Guide Preface 1 The UK France Defence and Security Cooperation Treaty describes the political and strategic framework for a programme of cooperation across Defence In February 2011 the Chief of the Defence Staff CDS of the UK and the Chef d Etat major des Arm es CEMA of the French Republic agreed to a Joint Procedural Document implementing the Joint Letter of Intent and a set of Common Objectives for 2011 These included progress on the Combined Joint Expeditionary Force
45. nding and cooperation TA proposed definition of validation of concept is The confirmation that a notion or statement of an idea expressing how something might be done or accomplished has led to an accepted procedure meeting defined standards or criteria through the provision of objective evidence This is based on the extant AAP 6 definitions of validation and concept 2 This would ideally based on a Combined Joint Support Group CJSG CJEF User Guide 5 1 CJEF training and exercises 504 b Stage 2 Initial validation of concept 2015 Given the importance of command and control to the success of CJEF there will be a command post exercise in 2015 This will focus primarily on ensuring that the right command structure at component level and above is in place with the appropriate processes and control architecture to ensure success c Stage 3 Final validation of concept 2016 Declaration of a CJEF capability will follow a combined joint exercise in 2016 This will be a significant training evolution for both the UK and France It will also be the key training event in that period To fully validate the CJEF the exercise will be built around a demanding crisis management scenario based upon a high intensity complex intervention The CJEF exercise programme will continue to develop over time Some training opportunities are already planned We will use these as well as other NATO EU and other multinational exercises to addre
46. nds the small contingency planning team to become an operations team This then exercises Operational Command to deploy sustain and recover the committed forces The operations team issues a mission directive to the Joint Task Force Commander who would carry out his own estimate and then The role of Ministers CDS Vice Chief of the Defence Staff VCDS and Permanent Under Secretary PUS in the conduct of operations is amplified in the Blueprint for the New Operating Model version 2 0 dated June 2012 paragraph 3 3 onwards 2 4 CJEF User Guide The strategic planning processes maintains a continual 2 way flow of advice upward to Government and clear direction down to subordinates 212 The Stabilisation Unit On completion of the combat phase of operations MOD becomes a supporting department to the Stabilisation Unit as well as DFID and FCO The Stabilisation Unit is a cross Government organisation which will be closely involved in both the strategic planning group and current commitments team It provides the coordination of the UK contribution in the crisis country for the reconstruction and economic recovery effort Section 2 Strategic decision making in France 213 Introduction Any decision to engage the French forces in operations is made by the President of the Republic Commander in Chief of the armed forces following a political and military decision making process The Defence Minister and the Chef d Etat Major de
47. ntal DTA dossier th matique d anticipation SWOT strengths weaknesses opportunities MPP mesures de pr caution et pr alables and threats PIR priority intelligence requirements PMESII political military economic social infrastructure and information CCIRs commander s critical information requirements The strategic planning processes 2A 2 The doctrinal basis for CJEF operations Chapter 3 The doctrinal basis for CJEF operations Chapter 3 provides an overview of existing NATO doctrine This will provide the basis for CJEF operations and the authority for the eventual development of the necessary CJEF headquarters handbooks and standard operating procedures It will also show where UK and French doctrine fits into the NATO doctrine architecture Section 1 Key source documentation 301 References Wherever possible and relevant for the projected operation and forces CJEF operations will adhere to already agreed NATO doctrinal principles and standard procedures This will facilitate effective UK France operations and enable other nations to contribute more easily to future operations This does not imply NATO involvement rather it is considered a practical solution to enable bilateral interoperability The key reference documents are listed below a Allied Joint Publication AJP 01 D Allied Joint Doctrine provides capstone doctrine for Allied joint operations It is intended primarily for NATO forces and refl
48. on and the deputy commander from the other nation 403 Component or direct command If required at the tactical level component headquarters may be commanded at the 1 level Alternatively depending on the situation and the mission it may be more appropriate to have one or more environmental cells within a CJTF headquarters 404 Full spectrum targeting Implementing a full spectrum approach to targeting will greatly enhance the effectiveness of CJEF operations Some considerations for the development of this approach are at Annex 4A The annex articulates a common understanding of full spectrum targeting FST and some of the key areas that must be considered to develop full targeting spectrum capability within the CJEF CJEF User Guide 4 1 CJEF operations Section 2 Communications and information 405 Information flow The CJEF will need to pass electronic information securely between the UK and French authorities including distribution down to and among the deployed force elements This could include data voice and video imagery There may also be a requirement during operations to include other coalition forces These may be NATO EU or other regional partners 406 Communication and information systems As the force uses NATO standards and procedures the main issue will be to further develop the information sharing policy and recognised joint and environmental pictures to prevail in the most complex operations in a hosti
49. ontribution of J2 CONOPS CJSOR TCSOR Operational advice 2A 1 The strategic planning processes UK s operational estimate From JDP 5 00 3 Edition ratification draft STEP UK PLANNING PROCESS National strategy directs the application of the levers of power to resolve a crisis STEP 1 UNDERSTAND THE OPERATING ENVIRONMENT FRAMING THE PROBLEM Inputs Purpose e Ensure a Joint Task Force Commander JTFC and staff develop a shared understanding of the current operating environment the background the underlying causes the dynamics e Analysis products PESTLE SWOT PMESII e Joint Commander s Mission Directive Outputs The problem framed e Shared understanding of the problem with Component Commanders and integrating agencies and departments e True nature of the operational environment STEP 2 UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM Inputs e An understanding of the operating environment the problem framed UK superior command directives and information e Strategy plans Multinational orders and direction Intentions of multi agencies e Campaign end state e Information effect Purpose Identify and Understand Campaign end state described through campaign objectives e Mission e Higher commanders intent Conditions and effects specified and implied that underpin mission success e Freedoms and constraints St
50. ontrol structure However all command and control designs should follow a structure whereby national policy decisions produce bilateral political direction to a bilateral CJEF Crisis Contingency Team CCT This is covered in greater detail in Chapter 2 109 Linkages to other government departments The CJEF will build on the strong bilateral links established during recent operations It will seek to exploit synergies and increased understanding of how other government departments operate within their own countries and how they interact with their deployed forces and departmental staff CJEF User Guide 1 3 Creating the Combined Joint Expeditionary Force 110 The maritime component The maritime forces required to conduct a CJEF operation will primarily depend on circumstances and will be generated according to tasks and asset availability They may include any combination of UK and French maritime assets gathered in a task group and commanded from a UK French combined headquarters that could be led by either nation The key capacities that will enable a combined force to deal with the likely CJEF tasks in the maritime domain will be rapid deployability command of up to a task force and the capacity to project power 111 The land component The land component will be an early entry combined UK France force It will be capable of conducting non enduring complex intervention operations facing multiple threats up to high intensity It
51. range of capabilities which can be tailored to a mission This will include a e scalable land component of at least a UK battlegroup and a French battlegroup e maritime component of up to a task group based on one or more capital ships e expeditionary air wing and e logistic component capable of supporting the totality of the CJEF deployment 104 Possible tasks The force should be rapidly deployable and once ready in theatre should be sustainable for up to three months of operations as a Stand alone force Its operations should be able to include other coalition partners The following tasks are considered the most likely for the CJEF e crisis management involving early entry into a potentially hostile territory including the initial enforcement of no fly zones embargoes and sanctions e protection of shared national interests abroad e extraction operations e non combatant evacuation operations e temporary strengthening of a peacekeeping operation and e support to emergency humanitarian assistance 5 Extraction of forces as defined in AJP 3 4 A Allied Joint Doctrine for Non Article 5 Crisis Response Operations dated October 2010 para 0307 as opposed to search and rescue AAP 6 defines extraction as the removal of forces from a hostile or potentially hostile area 1 2 CJEF User Guide Creating the Combined Joint Expeditionary Force 105 Procedures The CJEF will use NATO standards and procedures wherev
52. rategic narrative Outputs e Campaign end state described through campaign objectives Potential centre s of gravity e Initial thoughts on force generation Further staff action CCIRs focused questions etc e Themes and messages e Centres of gravity analysis STEP 2b EVALUATE OBJECTS AND FACTORS Inputs e An understanding of the operating environment the problem framed UK superior command directives and information Strategy plans Multinational orders and direction e JTFC guidance and direction from Step 2a Purpose e Understand the object s on which the mission bears opponent or other predominant feature of the situation Begin to establish the art of the possible Outputs Brief to the JTFC e Objects of the mission including any centres s of gravity analysis conducted on the JTFC s behalf e Situational factors that affect the campaign e Enemy courses of action D E 2 D STEP 2c COMMANDER S CONFIRMATION Inputs e Campaign objectives and campaign end state Potential operational centre s of gravity e Deductions from Steps 1 2a 2b e Information effect and strategic narrative Purpose e Review key deductions e Confirm Campaign end state and objectives Selected operational centre s of gravity Potential decisive condition s Notable campaign planning concept s specifically potential phases and lines of operation STEP 3 FOR
53. rgence are shown at Annex 3A 303 Implications Out of the 42 NATO publications identified in the Annex 3A only 19 are ratified and implemented by both the UK and France There are areas of national divergence from NATO doctrine in e human intelligence e information operations e psychological operations e engineering support e force protection e land operations e military policing e air and space operations CJEF User Guide 3 3 The doctrinal basis for CJEF operations e counter air operations e close air support and air interdiction e joint airspace control e counterinsurgency e electronic warfare e joint targeting and e logistics 304 The CJEF tasks identified in Chapter 1 will include one or more of the activities identified above Planners must take account of the differences in doctrinal approach at the onset of planning and must not make assumptions that NATO or national doctrine will apply to all aspects of a CJEF operation Consultation and careful collaboration will be required to identify the doctrine appropriate to every CJEF operation 3 4 CJEF User Guide https nsa nato int protected nsdd _Com monList html ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE AJP 01 D PROMULGATED Annex 3A National coherence with NATO doctrine MC MCJSB AJOD FR Ratifying and Implementing FR CIA 01 Armed Force Employment Concept UK Ratifying and Implementing UK JDP 0 01 Ed 4 British Defence Doc
54. rime Minister s military advisors e Ministry of Defence e other concerned Ministries mainly the Foreign Affairs Ministry and e various governmental coordination cells 216 The analysis initiates a planning process which will not necessarily lead to the engagement of forces However in case of an emergency planning can be very fast and rapidly lead to a decision to engage French forces Whatever the event the process is the same it can take a few weeks or a few hours depending on the situation 217 Assessment of the military situation The analysis leads to the assessment of the military situation that is carried out in close cooperation with the Military Intelligence Directorate DRM They assess the relative risks to the local population and to the forces and work out several military options 218 The role of the Chef d tat Major des Arm es These military options are proposed by the CEMA to the Government The CEMA has a dual role as the military adviser to the Government and the operational commander of the forces CEMA participates in the decision making process from the beginning of a crisis until the decision is made to commit the forces if deemed necessary Once the engagement is decided the CEMA becomes the operational level commander of the forces In his dual role the CEMA is in the best position to advise the Government on operations and to assume the responsibility for their conduct 219 Defence and
55. s Arm es CEMA Chief of the Defence Staff participate in this process The CEMA then becomes the operational level commander of the forces in operations The Strategic Operations Planning and Control Centre SOPCC or CPCO is the tool enabling anticipation in the crisis It is used to plan command and control all the operations conducted by French forces around the world 214 Crisis management Crisis management requires the coordination of the three levers diplomatic military and media but excludes any delegation Crisis management is a highly centralised process The speed of communication as well as media interest may also force political authorities to make frequent reassessments of the situation To be effective the crisis management process must be swift These two factors centralisation and speed lead France to adopt the process described below 215 Trigger event The response process is triggered by an event either physical or political that may have an impact on the safety of French nationals or the interests of France The event could be reported by various channels media Defence Attach s allied partners Military Intelligence Directorate The event is immediately analysed by different experts in the 3 CPCO Centre de Planification et de Conduite des Op rations CJEF User Guide 2 5 The strategic planning processes e Elys e Palace by the President s own military staff e Hotel Matignon by the P
56. s a philosophy a process and a capability a Philosophy Full spectrum targeting is defined as a holistic approach to targeting reviewing all targets together and apportioning action lethal and non lethal in accordance with the campaign information strategy and desired behavioural objectives b Process Joint targeting is the process by which the commander s objective guidance and intent are translated into executable actions through the established process known as the joint targeting cycle c Capability The capability consists of trained personnel supported by the appropriate doctrine organisation and equipment They plan integrate and execute lethal and non lethal activities to generate effects in accordance with the commander s plan across the physical virtual and cognitive domains 4A3 Wherever possible and where relevant for the projected operation and forces CJEF operations will adhere to already agreed NATO doctrinal principles and standard procedures 1 JDP 3 00 3 Edition Change 1 Campaign Execution Annex 3B CJEF User Guide 4A 1 CJEF operations Strategic communication STRATCOM and narratives 4A4 Effective operations in the contemporary operating environment depend on an integrated approach across government UK and France should continue to develop their existing models for interdepartmental cooperation and wherever possible do so on a bilateral basis 4A5 Acommon narrative will be a vital compon
57. ss criteria 2 Deducing operational effects 33 Op rationnal Elaborating efficiency indicators 5 conception Decisive conditions A Operation schemes and first draft of timing Pausing variations and sequencing 8 Preparing influence operations 34 Initial e Major capabilities Cas 1 imposed volume of forces Check sa ste e C2 requirements Cas 2 non imposed forces Estimation 35 em e Assessment of critical information requirements MAB Validation of mission analysis et and operational conception 26 Mission Confirmation of Operation Commander s initial intents pense Brief Requiring modes of action MOA directives and editing complementa planning directives CPD Approval MAB Validation and edition of operational planning directives OPD Listing points to be confirmed at strategic level PLANNING WORKS cpp se STEP 4a GENERATION OF CONOPS Reviewing CPDs and determining conclusions e Identification of common requirements SEAR Ire OSE Identification of principal operational activities e Identification of alternatives Opposed forces MOAs OMOAs At least the most probable and the riskiest Other actors behaviour Preliminary FMOAs Practicability test acceptable convening affordable complete exclusive Validation by the OPCOM Completing retained FMOAs e Overview of FMOAs Logical sequencing and main goal of the operation Space time frame Main effort an
58. ss the CJEF objectives minimising the requirement to instigate new events Where these opportunities are not CJEF specific we will agree CJEF related objectives bilaterally in order to assist CJEF development and promote interoperability CJEF User Guide AJP NATO CCT CJEF CCT UK CDS UK CEMA FR CIC FR CICDE FR CJEF UK FR CJFAC CJFLC CJFMC CJO UK CJSG CJTF COG UK CONEMP COPD NATO CPCO FR DCDC UK DCMO UK DFID UK DRM FR EMIA FE FR CJEF User Guide Lexicon LEXICON PART 1 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS Allied Joint Publication Contingency Crisis Team Current Commitments Team Chief of Defence Staff Chef d Etat Major des Arm es Chief of Defence Staff Centre Interminist riel de crise Interagency Crisis Centre Centre Interarm es de Concepts de Doctrine et d Exp rimentations Combined Joint Expeditionary Force Combined Joint Force Air Component Combined Joint Force Land Component Combined Joint Force Maritime Component Chief of Joint Operations Combined Joint Support Group Combined Joint Task Force Current Operations Group Concept of Employment Comprehensive Operations Planning Directive Centre de Planification et de Conduite des Op rations Strategic Operations Planning and Control Centre Development Concepts and Doctrine Centre Defence Crisis Management Organisation Department for International Development Direction du Renseignement Mili
59. taire Military Intelligence Directorate Etat major interarm es de forces et d entra nement Lexicon 1 Lexicon FCO UK FR FST JFHQ LOA LOGCON LOI MAEE FR MOA MOD UK MOE MOP NATO NSC UK OHQ OPLAN OPORD PJHQ UK SOP SOPCC FR SPG UK UK Lexicon 2 Foreign and Commonwealth Office France Full Spectrum Targeting Joint Force Headquarters Letter of Agreement Logistics Control Letter of Intent Minist re des Affaires trang res et europ ennes Ministry of Foreign and European Affairs Measures of Activity Ministry of Defence Measures of Effects Measures of Performance North Atlantic Treaty Organization National Security Council Operational Headquarters Operation Plan Operation Order Permanent Joint Headquarters Standard Operating Procedure Strategic Operations Planning and Control Centre Strategic Planning Group United Kingdom CJEF User Guide
60. tputs Alternative course s of action ready for evaluation e Decisive condition supporting effects Tables e Sequence supporting effects tables e Joint action synchronisation Firm ideas on campaign effects assessment and measures of effectiveness e Balance of risk political versus military Red teaming and wargaming Inputs e Alternative courses of action ready for evaluation Purpose e Evaluate courses of action against e specific criteria e opponent course s of action e Revalidate course s of action STEP 5 EVALUATE COURSES OF ACTION Outputs e Courses of action comparison e The results of related operational analysis and wargaming e Assessment of likelihood of achieving objectives Prepared brief for the JTFC with recommended course of action STEP 6 COMMANDER S DECISION Inputs Purpose Outputs e Courses of action Select a course of action e JTFC s decision on the selected course comparison Develop selected course of action of action Operational analysis into an executable plan e Confirmed concept of operations wargaming results Developed plan Prepared brief for JTFC e Directives plans orders decision support matnx Briefs backbriefs mission rehearsals orders groups Legend France UK DSP directive strat gique de planification PESTLE political economic sociological DB decision breifing technological legal and environme
61. trine JDP 01 Ed 2 Campaigning AJP 01 D JOINT INTELLIGENCE COUNTER INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY DOCTRINE AJP 2 PROMULGATED MC MCJSB JINT FR Ratifying and Implementing FR CIA 2 amp DIA 2 Intelligence UK Ratifying and Implementing UK JDP 2 00 Ed 3 Understanding and Intelligence Support to Operations JDP 4 00 Understanding INTELLIGENCE PROCEDURES AJP 2 1 A PROMULGATED MC MCJSB JINT FR Ratifying and Implementing UK Ratifying and Implementing AJP 2 1 A COUNTER INTELLIGENCE AND SECURITY PROCEDURES AJP 2 2 ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR HUMAN PROMULGATED MC MCJSB JINT FR Ratifying and Implementing with Comments UK Ratifying and Implementing with Comments FR Ratifying Implementing with Reservations FR DIA 2 3 Human Intelligence INTELLIGENCE AJP 2 3 PROMULGATED MC MCJSB JINT UK Ratifying and Implementing STANAG Sole FR Ratifying and Implementin FR CIA 3 2 3 3 1 Captured Persons 2195 Eng p 9 p AJP 2 5 A CAPTURED PERSONS MATERIEL AND a UK JDP 1 10 Ed 2 Captured Persons Ed 2 DOCUMENTS AJP 2 5 A PROMULGATED MC MCJSB JINT UK Ratiying ana Implementing STANAG ALLIED JOINT DOCTRINE FOR FR Ratifying and Implementing FR CEIA 6 2 SA2R 7107 RECONNAISSANCE AND SURVEILLANCE AJP 2 7 Ed 2 AJP 2 7 PROMULGATED MC
62. will be a combined force as opposed to a fully integrated force accepting that it may show increasing levels of integration over time It will operate to a common end The land component will be a high readiness force using existing national high readiness force elements including lead elements at very short notice 112 The air component The CJEF air component will be a self sufficient force capable of being generated within 10 days of activation Dependent upon the size and scale of the operation it will be capable of operating up to 70 sorties per day This will include all air assets across the full spectrum of air power roles It will be prepared to deliver the full spectrum of air effects in support of CJEF joint fires and influence Precision of approach and delivery will be its overriding principle 113 Logistics UK and France will collaborate to share logistic support for the CJEF Cooperative logistic planning will commence at the earliest opportunity and logistic operations will typically be commanded by a Combined Joint Support Group CJSG headquarters subordinate to the CJTF headquarters The Logistic Support Annex to the CJEF CONEMP outlines the key CJEF logistic principles articulates how CJEF operations are to be supported logistically details how logistic command and control will be arranged assigns logistic responsibilities services and tasks and gives guidelines on CJEF finances and administration This is

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