Carbon footprint user manual v1.3
Contents
1. The carbon footprint provides estimation of the order of magnitude of emission reductions generated by a climate friendly project If figures are important enough a project manager may want to assess the possibility to develop a CDM Clean Development Mechanism project Many guides are available in different languages on the internet among which a booklet developed by the French Ministry for Economy Industry and Employment the French Ministry for Ecology Energy Sustainable Development and Town and Country Planning and the French Global Environment Fund FFEM entitled Developing a CDM or JI project to reduce greenhouse gas emissions Identifying opportunities and Getting started This guide is available in French on http www ffem fr jahia webdav site ffem users admiffem public Publications Guide francais du MDP MOC 2008 pdf and in English on http www ffem fr jahia webdav site ffem users admiffem public Plaquette FFEM Kyoto _angl pdf This guide provides clear and precise information on elements on international context opportunities of CDM how to integrate CDM in an investment planning Focus on the main types of industrial projects a Renewable energy projects For an installation producing electricity with renewable resources solar wind geothermal tidal small hydro emissions predominantly result from the construction phase and come from the following stages civil engineering transportation2. Wastewater treatment Projects eecceecsccceeceeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeensaaeees 11 Introduction AFD supports low carbon growth in the energy sector by promoting energy efficiency and renewable energy In this context AFD provides a simplified tool for measuring greenhouse gas emissions of projects This tool is derived from the Carbon Balance tool developed by ADEME http www2 ademe fr servlet getDoc id 38480 amp m 3 amp cid 96 the French Environment and Energy Management Agency and Jean Marc Jancovici www manicore com in French only This tool is presented in the form of an Excel spreadsheet and this manual details how to use it a General principles The main objective of the carbon footprint tool is to provide an estimation of the volume of greenhouse gas GHG emitted or saved annually by a project This tool is simplified so as to be usable before a project is implemented Data needed to fill the model is very limited and generally known by the project holder before implementation Results provided by the tool are also easily exploitable However this estimate is not meant to replace a thorough carbon analysis of a project or a precise calculation for a future CDM Clean Development Mechanism project This tool can be used to estimate GHG emissions for all types of industrial projects of small to medium size i e with an investment cost less than 15 million euros For projects of larger size a more complete v
3. energy project the reference scenario should be built on a case by case basis As a reference scenario one should generally take a circumstance in which the energy produced by the project would have been produced with the means available in that specific geography Diesel generators will usually be in question In the reference scenario emissions sheet the category that needs to be filled out is at line 62 namely the electricity produced with fossil fuels b Energy efficiency projects In the case of an energy efficiency project on an existing installation one should consider the construction emission as negligible unless significant civil engineering works are necessary The reference scenario is the situation before the implementation of the project In most cases the project planner will need to fill in the expected global energy consumption Project emissions sheet and the current or pre project global energy consumption reference scenario emissions sheet In the case of a greenfield project or for new installations the project planner will need to mention in the project description why it constitutes a more efficient alternative to common practices in that country i e implementing the best available practices Construction and plant operation should be taken into account The base scenario will be that of the country s usual practices c Waste collection and treatment projects In the case of waste
4. February 2010 The carbon footprint tool for industrial projects small and medium size User manual ale AGENCE FRANGAISE DE DEVELOPPEMENT Table of contents INMTFOGUCUON e viiisidccicsastastscasisatasvensasadeubaiidandansiannddeatddaviasiuansdantdowddasiaantiasiabaddaatucatianvaain 3 a General principles sesia e aa iaa aaa a 3 b Presentation Of the 100 c ssucteecicteints cece ae aaen i 4 Step 1 Filling the General info amp results sheet eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 5 au Project informato Maere Sire tate exces iieiea sds dead Paes te ie A EAEI waves Se eid Dade 5 b Project and reference scenario description cceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 5 Step 2 Filling the Project emissions and Reference scenario emissions L AEE E EE E EE E EER 7 a Gonstr ction phase iria eaa raa EEEE S Ere ADEE N EE EE EEEE EERE 7 b Operation phase areas eae le ae Rae ay ae A a Aad ae ee 7 Step 3 Results transmission and exploitation sseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 9 Focus on the main types of industrial projects ccccccessssseseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 10 a Renewable energy projects ecceecceccceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeseeeeeeeeees 10 b Energy efficiency projects ii ivececeseivecteneendetes ecu elecacasetdsadudeteiocudensenialetevecets 10 c Waste collection and treatment projects ccccceecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeees 11 d
5. collection and treatment projects one should take into account construction and exploitation emissions The base scenario should be built on a case by case basis although it will often match the situation before the project Waste quantities should be identical for the project and for the base scenario Some definitions and explanations are given below regarding solid waste disposal sites definitions given by the IFC that AFD would like to thank for sharing information about this topic Anaerobic managed solid waste disposal sites These must have controlled placement of waste i e waste directed to specific deposition areas a degree of control of scavenging and a degree of control of fires and will include at least one of the following i cover material ii mechanical compacting or iii levelling of the waste Semi aerobic managed solid waste disposal sites These must have controlled placement of waste and will include all of the following structures for introducing air to waste layer i permeable cover material ii leachate drainage system iii regulating pondage and iv gas ventilation system Unmanaged solid waste disposal sites deep and or with high water table All SWDS not meeting the criteria of managed SWDS and which have depths of greater than or equal to 5 metres and or high water table at near ground level Latter situation corresponds to filling inland water such as pond river or wetland by waste Unmana
6. e data is the electricity production this part is to be filled with the annual electricity production The default efficiency of the facility producing this energy is set equal to 30 but may be modified by the used if different from this value 3 Electricity consumed by project gt Cell is to be filled with the electrical annual consumption taken from the national gird in kWh Electricity loss along the transmission lines is taken into account and equal to 10 by default If project holder has more precise information about this data it can modify it 4 Solid waste GHG emissions from a solid waste facility depend on different factors climate the nature of waste and their treatment method For each type of waste it is therefore necessary to enter the type of climate and the treatment type Waste quantities have to be filled in tons per year 5 Wastewater operations Wastewater production is to be quantified in cubic meters per year For each type of waste it is necessary to precise the treatment method used Step 3 Results transmission and exploitation Once completed the file with all four sheets is to be sent to the bank or AFD The following table provides some orders of magnitude of the investment cost of an avoided ton of CO2 These results come from projects assessed by AFD in various sectors Sector Wind Hydro EE Fuel switch Biomass sisi Average cost of avoided 28 10 18 32 16 16 tCO2
7. ent cost for the project Maintenance and operation costs are not included in this figure as they are not necessarily known when the calculation is done As a consequence the cost of an avoided ton of CO2 will only be linked with the investment cost of the project 5 Project duration The project duration is the estimated lifetime of a project when in operation Standardised durations are used v 50 years for hydropower projects v 30 years for transportation projects v 20 years for other types of projects When the construction phase emits GHG its duration will be taken equal to one year However if the standard lifetimes for projects given above do not correspond to a specific project the project holder can modify it and justify its choice in the project description field b Project and reference scenario description 1 Project description and definition of the project perimeter The project holder will briefly describe the context of the project the investment and the objectives of the project The project perimeter will also be described in this field In order to determine which GHG emissions will be estimated in the calculation both for the project and the reference scenario it is necessary to determine the project perimeter The project perimeter needs to include all emission sources that are under control of the project holder and significant in the final result Practically the method is based on the princip
8. ersion of the tool is available on AFD s website https climatechange afd fr All six GHG included in the Kyoto Protocol are taken into account in the calculation tool COs CH4 N20 HFC PFC and SFs In order to be able to aggregate results from different projects and to produce figures easy to handle yearly emissions from a project are averaged over a project s lifetime to obtain a single figure annual average emissions lf a project has a climate mitigation impact a second figure is produced annual average emission reductions The Excel spreadsheet will be completed either by the project promoter who will then transmit it to the bank or directly by the technical team of the bank b Presentation of the tool The Excel tool is divided into five sheets 1 General info amp results This sheet is divided into two parts the first one presents general information regarding the project the other the results produced by the tool including GHG emission reductions of the project electricity and fossil fuel savings and the cost of an avoided ton of CO2 2 Project emissions This sheet estimates the GHG emissions of the project during construction and operation phases 3 Reference scenario emissions This sheet estimates the GHG emissions of the reference scenario Reference scenario is defined as the most likely scenario without the project This sheet is to be filled only when the project is a climate friendly one i e a p
9. ged shallow solid waste disposal sites All SWDS not meeting the criteria of managed SWDS and which have depths of less than 5 metres Uncategorised solid waste disposal sites Only if countries cannot categorise their SWDS into above four categories of managed and unmanaged SWDS the MCF for this category can be used d Wastewater treatment projects As is the case for solid waste treatment projects wastewater treatment projects should take into account construction and exploitation emissions The base scenario will often be the situation before the implementation of the project and water amounts should be identical for both scenarios
10. les laid by the GHG Protocol www ghgprotocl org It defines three scopes corresponding to increasing perimeters Scope 1 direct emissions directly linked to the activities of an entity fossil fuel consumption company owned vehicles Scope 2 indirect purchase of electricity and heat not produced on site Scope 3 indirect production of purchased material product use outsourced activities waste disposal SF CH4 N20 HFCs PCFs Overview of scopes and emissions across a value chain The GHG Protocol A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard World Resources Institute 2004 In order to have a complete understanding of the emissions induced by the funding of a project it is important to take into account emissions from scope 1 2 and 3 However as it has been described in the general principles the method aims at estimating the order of magnitude of emissions As a consequence calculations will only use a limited number of factors which are described further in this manual 2 Choice and description of reference scenario In order to assess avoided emissions by a climate friendly project it is necessary to estimate emissions that would reasonably occur in the absence of the project i e emissions of the reference scenario As detailed in the introduction of this document reference scenario is defined as the most likely scenario in case of the project is not implemented In case of the modernisation or
11. of materials excavations etc potential clearing of the area emissions linked to the production of materials used for the project essentially steel and cement NB For hydroelectricity projects the flooding of wooded areas can lead to significant methane emissions In this case however the projects are small scale and these emissions will therefore be considered negligible Similarly in case of a population displacement emissions associated to it will result from the necessary construction of housing and infrastructures roads etc Operation induced emissions include maintenance staff transfers equipment repairs and possible punctual maintenance interventions dredging etc These emissions are secondary compared to those induced by the construction and will therefore be neglected in this first approach The reference scenario is built on the basis of UN approved CDM methodologies it will however be simplified in order to facilitate the calculation which aims at determining rough estimates of a project s carbon footprint In the case of a network connected renewable energy project the reference scenario is a project producing the same amount of energy but with the emission factor of the national grid gt In the reference scenario emissions sheet the only information that needs to be filled out is at line 74 namely the annual amount of energy produced by the project In the case of a decentralised renewable
12. retrofit of existing facilities reference scenario will be taken as the situation before the project is implemented In case of a greenfield project new facilities reference scenario will be defined as a project using less environmentally friendly technologies based on common national practices and standards The last part of this guide will help project promoters define the reference scenario for their project The perimeter of the reference scenario has to be the same as the perimeter of the project Step 2 Filling the Project emissions and Reference scenario emissions sheets Both sheets are identical and filling them is very intuitive Yellow cells correspond to the nature of activites They are to be filled using the drop down lists Corresponding quantification of activities is to be filled in the white cells It is important to take care of units If needed conversion tables are available in the last sheet emission factors lines 65 to 85 Data to be filled in these cells are those included in the project and reference scenario perimeter as defined above Numerous cells may be non relevant to a specific project and will left blank At the top of the sheet on the left a reset button can be used to empty all cells in order to start the calculation over This button should be used carefully as all data entered by the user are deleted and cannot be retrieved a Construction phase 1 Fore
13. roject avoiding GHG emissions If the project has no positive impact on climate this sheet is not to be filled 4 Emission factors An emission factor is a coefficient estimating the amount of pollutant a greenhouse gas here emitted when an activity occurs e g transportation utilisation of materials energy consumption This last sheet of the tool provides The emission factors used in the other sheets Conversion tools for energy units Emission factors not used in the other sheets but potentially useful when the calculation needs to be refined This sheet is not to be modified by the user data is provided to ensure the transparency of the tool 5 Conversions Conversion tables for energy units are available in this sheet Step 1 Filling the General info amp results sheet The only part to be filled is Project information The second part Carbon footprint results will be automatically completed when steps 2 and 3 are filled a Project information 1 Name of project 2 Country select from drop down list gt This selection is needed to use the emission factor for electricity from national grids The list of emission factors for electricity for most countries of the world is available on the last sheet lines 140 to 280 AFD uses the emission factors provided by the International Energy Agency 3 Date of completion auto completion of this field 4 Project cost gt It represents the total investm
14. st clearing gt Forest clearing related emissions are estimated using areas cleared expressed in hectares and the type of surfaces cleared The model is based on the assumption that carbon contained in the wood as well as part of the carbon in the soils will be emitted in the atmosphere in the form of CO2 Only clearings directly linked with the project are taken into account 2 Construction materials gt This part of the tool takes into account emissions linked with the construction of facilities or infrastructures These emissions are mainly due to the production of materials steel cement plastics Cells are to be filled with the mass of material used in tons 3 Energy consumed by construction machinery gt To fill this part the project holder will estimate the amount in tons or in litres of fuel used by machinery during the construction of the project b Operation phase 1 Fossil fuel consumption for operation gt The cells are to be filled with the amount in tons or in litres of fuel annually consumed by the facility included in the project perimeter It does not include the electricity bought from the national grid Fuel consumed in a diesel generator to locally produce electricity is to be taken into account in this section 2 Electricity produced by fossil fuels gt If electricity is produced within the perimeter of the project i e not taken from the grid from fossil fuel consumption and the only availabl
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