USER MANUAL
Contents
1. Boss Aunt de pouvait Ge connect s cet et ls Le de couplage Bluetooth ode ure cl recskte ull dare Ip des bes conne won entre cns deux pour table leur derdh et code les donn es Entrer le code perzonred et chgver OK La retston de can perronral Blusiccih e Enter the security code 0000 You can now check the connection by double clicking on the Bluetooth logo in bottom right corner of the Desktop lt lt Y Bluetooth favourites window appears Use your PC s terminal emulation software to configure the selected serial port for 9 600 baud e 8 data bits 1 stop bit Parity none e Full duplex No flow control 2 5 3 Example of Bluetooth dongle tested by NKE USB Bluetooth adaptor 100 meters Part F8TO12fr Made by Belkin 1n ke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 16 003 Url INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 2 5 4 How to Send Commands You must communicate with ARVOR to verify or change its configuration parameters to read data from the float or to test the float s functions You perform these verifications changes by sending commands and by observing the float s response to those commands Compose commands by typing characters on the keyboard of your PC an2. Command no Name Units Mission Parameters PMO Number of Cycles 255 Whole number PM1 Cycle Period 10 Days PM2 Reference Day 2 Number of days Estimated time at the surface 6 Hours 4 Delay Before Mission 0 Minutes PM5 Descent Sampling Period 0 Seconds PM6 Drift Sampling Period 12 Seconds PM7 Ascent Sampling Period 10 Seconds PM8 Drift Depth 1000 dbar PM9 Profile Depth 2000 dbar PM10 Threshold surface Middle Pressure 10 dbar PM1 1 Threshold Middle Bottom Pressure 200 dbar PM12 Thickness of the surface slices 1 dbar PM13 Thickness of the middle slices 10 dbar PM14 Thickness of the bottom slices 25 dbar PM15 End of life Iridium Period Not Used 60 PM16 Wait Inter Cycles Not used 0 Argos Parameters PAO Argos Transmission Period 40 Seconds PA1 Argos Transmission Period at Life Expiry 100 Seconds PA2 Retransmission 25 Whole number Argos Transmission Duration 1 Hours 4 Number of Argos addresses 1 Whole number Argos ID O 6 0000000 Hexa Argos ID 2 0 6 0000000 Hexa Argos ID 3 0 6 0000000 Hexa Argos ID 400 6 0000000 Hexa PAG Argos transmission test time upon 180 Minutes launch before surfacing adjustment Offset on transmission frequency in PA7 hundreds of Hertz here 401 648 000 480 Hundreds of Hertz MHz Table 1 Summary of ARVOR user programmable parameters 1n ke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 5 1 Mission Pa
3. n ke arvor amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL Z de KERANDRE RUE GUTENBERG 56700 HENNEBONT FRANCE Telephone 33 0 2 97 36 10 12 Fax 33 0 2 97 36 55 17 Web http www nke fr E mail USER MANUAL nke This document is the property of nke electronics and contains proprietary and confidential information The document is loaned on the express condition that neither the document itself nor the information contained therein shall be disclosed without the express consent of nke electronics and that the information shall not be used by the recipient without prior written acceptance by nke electronics Furthermore the document shall be returned immediately to nke electronics upon request DOC33 16 003 du 13 01 12 rev 3 1n ke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 1 INTRODUCTION ss 5 2 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS tenace sas 6 24 HANDEING PRECAUTIONS E A ide teen 6 2 2 ACCEPTANCE PESTS P EE 6 2 21 Em 6 2 2 2 Physical Inspection mM Errem 6 2 3 DEFAULT PARAMETERS 21d oH canned CHAR E RR RESQUE MAE RENE ROS 6 PSI EE V
4. 191 to 198 199 to 206 207 208 to 211 212 to 215 216 to 223 224 to 226 227 to 231 232 to 239 240 to 247 248 249 to 251 252 to 256 Tableau 2 Technical Message 31 1n ARVOR ARVOR L FLOAT 16 003 Url INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 6 6 1 Descent Data Descent start time is expressed in tenths of an hour since midnight Number of solenoid valve actions at the surface until the crossing of the 8 dbar threshold is an integer from 1 to 127 modulo 128 Float stabilisation time after the crossing of the 8 dbar threshold is expressed in tenths of an hour Float stabilisation pressure after crossing the 8 dbar threshold is coded in 8 bits with least significant bit 1 bar Number of solenoid valve actions carried out to reach the target pressure after crossing the 8 dbar threshold 6 6 2 Drift Data Minimum and maximum pressure in drift collected during the hydraulics measurements Grounding detected during the dive Boolean 6 6 3 Ascent Data Time at end of ascent is the time at the end of the pump action after surfacing It is expressed in tenths of an hour Number of pump actions in ascent at the target pressure until the crossing of the threshold of 1 bar expressed in 5 bits 6 6 4 Housekeeping Data Pressure sensor offset is measured at the surface Least significant bit 2 1 cbar Range 32 cbar to 31 cbar Internal pressure is measured at the end of the as
5. ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 6 2 Overview The data transmission process begins as soon as ascent profile is completed It starts with reduction of the data ARVOR then formats and transmits the message The reduction of data processing consists in storing the significant points of the CTD triplets arithmetic mean with the layer format For a given descent drift ascent transmit cycle the transmission of all of the data will usually require several messages of the same type To improve the probability of reception data are transmitted several times The number of repetitions depends upon the quantity of data to be transmitted the transmission period and the programmed minimum transmission duration Messages are sent in a random sequence in order to minimize the chance of accidental synchronization of one message with some form of transmission interference To provide the reception of a continuous profile messages contain one CTD triplet in two This allows reconstruction of the profile when a message is lost Example Message triplet 1 triplet 3 triplet 5 triplet 7 triplet 9 triplet 21 Message N 1 triplet 2 triplet 4 triplet 6 triplet 8 triplet 22 The content of the Argos messages consists of a preamble of 28 bits followed by the 20 bit Argos PTT identification number the 8 bit Argos PTT identification complement the data frame consisting of 31 words of
6. 8 bits 248 bits Four types of messages are generated according to the content of the data frame Type 0100 Descent profile CTD message Type 0101 Submerged drift CTD message Type 0110 Ascent profile CTD message Type 0000 Technical message The three types of CTD messages all contain recorded physical measurements The technical message contains data regarding the configuration and functioning of the float and its buoyancy control mechanism The message type is formed from bits 1 to 4 of the data frame The formatting of the data frame for each message type is described in the pages that follow 6 3 Descent profile CTD Message Data Format Bit Number 28 bits ARGOS ID complement 8 bits 1108 Message type type 0100 4 bits 9 to 12 CRC 16 bits 13 to 28 Date of the first CTD measurement 9 bits 29 to 37 First pressure measurement 11 bits 38 to 48 First temperature measurement 15 bits 49 to 63 First salinity measurement 15 bits 64 to 78 CTD measurements 178 bits 79 to 256 27 1n ke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 16 003 Url INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 6 3 1 Cyclic Redundancy Check The CRC type used is the CRC CCITT of which the polynomial is 16 X1 1 The exclusive OR of the result is tested The calculation of the CRC is carried out on the 256 bits of the message the 248 bits of the message 8 bits set to 0 the 16 bits bits 5 to 20 reserved for the CRC being set
7. MAGNET POSITIONS tercer tea xta cae 16 3 4 DENSITY CONTROL 5 5 8 3 5 SENSORS ETE 18 3 6 ARGOS TRANSMITTER ttai eds Wages ei cusa ade Rea us 18 3 1 CPU BOARD E sere 18 3 8 18 3 9 MMI LINK 18 4 THE LIFE OF AN ARVOR rosa nane Eo Fan Boo noel Ene ap oa eden soe 19 4 1 THE MISSION OVERVIEW E n 19 4 3 GROUNDING aera Ntc MEI M M LM EL M 21 4 4 SUBMERGED DRIFT 21 4 5 ASCENT 225 21 4 6 TRANSMISSION 5 5 init ceres a E ue 22 5 ARVOR 23 5 1 IMISSION PARAMETERS I M UOU u 24 9 2 Bu VIDISSE 6 ARGOS FORMATS S 26 6 1 ARGOS REMINDER 26 6 1
8. So d DOG gt 5 9 os gt 20 E gt 5 sv Bluetooth link 5 ASE 55555555061 PE A p USER MANUAL HET 2 IT Pre TS RSS SO SNS Battery Hull Lower bladder Figure 1 General view of ARVOR float 17 nke NSTRUMENTATION ARGOS BLUETOOTH antennas CTD Sensor Buoyancy foam Flange Magnet position for ON OFF setting marked on hull 1n ARVOR ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 Url INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 3 4 Density Control System Descent and ascent depend upon buoyancy ARVOR is balanced when its density is equal to that of the level of surrounding water The float has a fixed mass A precision hydraulic system is used to adjust its volume This system inflates or deflates an external bladder by exchanging oil with an internal reservoir This exchange is performed by a hydraulic system comprising a high pressure pump and a solenoid valve The interested reader is referred to a more detailed description of the operation of ARVOR s density control System in section 8 Page 35 3 5 Sensors ARVOR is equipped with precision instruments for measuring pressure temperature and salinity with the SEABIRD SBE41CP CTD sensor Specifications of the sensor are provided in section 6 Page 26 3 6 Argos Transmitter
9. ascent slices in shallow zone number of ascent slices in deep zone number of CTD measurements in drift Float s time hh mm ss pressure sensor offset internal pressure max pressure in descent to parking depth profile ascent start time number of entrance in drift target range descent minimum pressure in drift bars maximum pressure in drift bars grounding detected grounding 1 No grounding 0 number of hydraulic valve action in descent profile number of pump actions in descent profile max pressure in descent or drift to Pprofile bars number of re positioning in profile stand by batteries voltage drop at Pmax pump ON with regard to Unom 10 0 V in dV profile descent start time profile descent stop time state indicator normal 0 failure 1 number of entrance in profile target range descent not used Data Format 8 bits 4 bits CRC 16 bits 7 bits 8 bits 8 bits 4 bits 4 bits 8 bits 4 bits 8 bits 5 bits 5 bits 5 bits 5 bits 7 bits 8 bits 7 bits 8 bits 8 bits 17 bits 6 bits 3 bits 8 bits 8 bits 3 bits 8 bits 8 bits 1 bit 4 bits 4 bits 8 bits 3 bits 5 bits 8 bits 1bit 3 bits 5 bits Bit Number 1108 9 to 12 13 to 28 29 to 36 37 to 43 44 to 51 52 to 59 60 to 63 64 to 67 68 to 75 76 to 79 80 to 87 88 to 92 93 to 97 98 to 102 103 to 107 108 to 114 115 to 122 124 to 129 130 to 137 138 to 145 146 to 162 163 to 168 169 to 171 172 to 179 180 to 187 188 to 190
10. bit 0 or relative format bit 1 6 4 3 Pressure Coding If the difference between the current pressure sample Pn and the previous pressure sample Pn 1 is included in the closed interval 31 dbar 32 the coding of the difference Pn Pn 1 is carried out into 6 bits two s complement Otherwise the pressure sample is coded in 11 bits as an absolute measurement Pressure data is limited to the maximum value of 2 047 dbar 6 4 4 Temperature Coding Depending upon the value of the first bit it is followed by either 10 or 15 data bits If the difference between the current temperature measurement and the previous temperature measurement Tn Tn 1 is included in the closed interval 0 512 C 0 511 C the difference Tn Tn 1 is coded into 10 bits two s complement Otherwise the measurement is absolutely coded in 15 bits with an offset of 2 The temperature is reported in the range 2 C to 30 767 C with a resolution of 0 001 C 6 4 5 Salinity Coding Depending upon the value of the first bit it is followed by either 8 or 15 data bits If the difference between the current salinity measurement and the previous salinity measurement Cn Cn 1 is included in the closed interval 0 128 PSU 0 127 PSU the difference Cn Cn 1 is expressed in 8 bits two s complement Otherwise the measurement is absolutely coded in 15 bits with an offset of 10 PSU Salinity is reported in the range of 10 PSU to 42 7
11. e tp De ERES EP ba o ERR FS 6 6 1 Descent Dal Les 6 0 2 s en i eR 6 6 3 Ascent 6 6 4 Housekeeping Data essei 6 7 LIFE EXPIRY MESSAGE meten enmt enm TP e E E raro DA ree e 7 SPECIFICATIONS et ler bed evene tentes ere 8 ARVOR OPERATING PRINCIPLE eee eee eee enenatis enata tuse ta sons sone ta sone eso sone 9 LITHIUM BATTERY 10 GLOSSARY RENE ee ET PS DATE REVISION OBJET 11 10 10 Cr ation 02 12 10 Mise jour code en 33 16 27 06 11 13 01 12 Details for ARVOR and ARVOR L ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 uT INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL WHITE PAGE PAGE BLANCHE NSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL n ke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI 1 INTRODUCTION ARVOR is a subsurface profiling float developed jointly by IFREMER and MARTEC Group Since January 1st 2009 nke has integrated profiling floats activity and is now in charge of ARVOR manufacturing and development in industrial partnership with IFREMER ARVOR is the successor of PROVOR CTS3 from which it takes up most of the essential sub assemblies The ARVOR float described in this manual is designed f
12. ek etres p riph tque ds partaga run the following commands as shown in the figure below Y Right click on the Bluetooth logo in the bottom right corner of the Desktop Y Select Quick Connect Bluetooth Serial Port then click on other devices nke amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI USER MANUAL A window appears as shown in the figure below S lectionner un piriphdrique dara c decimus Pour metro ks jou ciue sur bouton Pc 1 Inox xo Incomes Of 3 15 0 Incoreu M seu 3 200 1506 Mee t 2 xe 150 ape Ircaneu Minen t 2008 15 12 Ieconeo Click on Refresh Check that the Bluetooth number is present on the traceability label see Figure 1 General view of ARVOR float page 17 There are two ways of establishing the connection Either select the number shown and press Connect Or come back to the previous step and instead of selecting other devices select the number shown When the connection is made a dialog box appears as shown in the figure above NS tue pee ens Rom 10 0080 39 1n ARVOR ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL Double click on it and a window appears as shown below aix A Non
13. to 0 6 3 2 CTD Triplets The stored triplets are sent in the same order in which they were collected that is in order of decreasing depth for ascent profiles Measurements within a triplet are sent in the sequence pressure temperature salinity Oxygen Only the first triplet is dated It is dated with the time of the profile start The time counts from the time of the descent at the beginning of the first cycle which is time 0 The least significant bit represents 1 minute Subsequent triplets correspond to alternating data points in the profile for example number of measurements 1 3 5 7 Interleaving data points are sent in another message This technique minimizes the impact of the loss of any one data message The CTD measurements starting from bit 79 measurement numbers 3 5 7 etc are coded either as absolute measurements or as relative measurement The first bit of each measurement is a format bit that indicates whether the reading is absolute format bit 0 or relative format bit 1 6 3 3 Pressure Coding Depending upon the value of the first bit it is followed by either 6 or 11 data bits If the difference between the current pressure measurement Pn and the previous pressure measurement Pn 1 is less than 63 dbar the difference Pn Pn 1 is expressed in 6 bits Otherwise the pressure measurement is coded in 11 bits as an absolute measurement Pressure is reported in the range 0 dbar to 2047 db
14. 0 B 10400 gt gt means 600 mBar internal and 10 4V Battery pack voltage 2 5 8 2 Display Sensor Data This command is used to display External pressure P Temperature T Salinity S Send the command 25 ARVOR will respond S P10cBars T22956mdc SOmPSU gt As this sensor is in open air only the temperature data should be regarded as accurate 2 5 8 3 Test Hydraulic Pump To activate the pump for one second send the command 100 Listen for the pump running for one second unit centiseconds 2 5 8 4 Test Hydraulic Valve To activate the valve for one second send the command E 100 Listen for the actuation of the valve unit centiseconds _ ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 2 5 85 Test Argos Subsystem To test the Argos transmitter send the command The float will respond for the number of hours programmed PA2 Put the magnet back in place to stop the transmission This command will cause ARVOR to transmit several messages They are technical messages the format of which is described in section 6 page 26 Use your Argos test set to receive the message The message content is not meaningful this is a test of the transmission only but the test messages do have valid Argos IDs and CRCs You have now completed the functional tests Ensure the magnet is in place on the ON OFF position see Figure 2 page 17 3 GENERAL DESCRIPT
15. 1 R minderon ARGOS principle 26 6 1 2 Reminder on ARGOS Facilities 26 6 2 OVERVIEW 27 6 3 IDESCENT PROFILE MESSAGE 6 3 1 Cyclic Redundancy Che cK 03 2 Triplets iiic ei ao ave e rc P ap PA dene ecd ien 6 3 3 JPPressuresCOUing i oen TRE Rn ep Wunden d UR nt AR ERES 6 3 4 eno pee IRR RR HERR RETE oases ea eee wet eS oaks 0 3 5 Salinity Coding sa eene eie D iet ete e Debet tes 6 4 SUBMERGED DRIFT CLD MESSAGE inet D RERO TIR EID eom iteme es 6 4 1 Cyclic Redundancy Check eei tei eee e RED er e RE ee a 042 te et t ete E M e 643 Pressure Coding iis ERHIELTEN 644 Temperature 0 4 5 Salinity s eee ER Ree ES 6 5 ASCENT PROFILE 56 dero nre reto n n d ore DA reap ODL Cyclic Redundancy Check inset eee tee RR e e e IR er ge ei ep E ER 0 3 2 Triplets ai sss R es que ee a aq 6 5 3 Pressure Coding sissa eee gu eaa tede esis oe eed A od m e qe A eee aA eee ea eee aes 034 Temperature Coding getestet e o e OE P E D De ed ede e dora 6 5 5 Salinity COIN sn eoa eee qt ED rere tue en enn 6 6 TECHNICAL MESSAGE vet
16. 67 PSU with a resolution of 0 001 PSU 29 1n ke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 Url INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 6 5 Ascent profile CTD Message Data Format Bit Number 28 bits ARGOS ID complement 8 bits 1108 Message type type 0110 4 bits 9 to 12 CRC 16 bits 13 to 28 Date of the first CTD measurement 9 bits 29 to 37 First pressure measurement 11 bits 38 to 48 First temperature measurement 15 bits 49 to 63 First salinity measurement 15 bits 64 to 78 CTD measurements 178 bits 79 to 256 6 5 1 Cyclic Redundancy Check The CRC type used is the CRC CCITT of which the polynomial is X16 X12 X5 1 The exclusive OR of the result is tested The calculation of the CRC is carried out on the 256 bits of the message the 248 bits of the message 8 bits set to 0 the 16 bits bits 5 to 20 reserved for the CRC being set to 0 6 5 2 CTD Triplets The stored triplets are sent in the same order in which they were collected that is in order of decreasing depth for ascent profiles Measurements within a triplet are sent in the sequence pressure temperature salinity Only the first triplet is dated It is dated with the time of the profile start The time counts from the time of the descent at the beginning of the first cycle which is time 0 The least significant bit represents 1 minute Subsequent triplets correspond to alternating data points in the profile for example number of measureme
17. 7 C with a resolution of 0 001 C 6 5 5 Salinity Coding Depending upon the value of the first bit it is followed by either 8 or 15 data bits If the difference between the current salinity measurement and the previous salinity measurement Cn Cn 1 is included in the closed interval 0 025 PSU 0 230 PSU the difference Cn 1 0 025PSU is expressed in 8 bits The decoding will carry out the following operation Ctransmitted 0 025PSU Otherwise the measurement is absolutely coded in 15 bits with an offset of 10 PSU Salinity is reported in the range of 10 PSU to 42 767 PSU with a resolution of 0 001 PSU 30 nke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 6 6 Technical Message For each complete set of CTD messages sent the technical message is sent one and one half times Thus for two complete sets of CTD messages sent there will be three technical messages 28 bits ARGOS ID complement message type type 0000 descent start time number of valve actions at the surface float stabilisation time float stabilisation pressure number of valve actions in descent number of pump actions in descent end of descent time number of repositions time at end of ascent number of pump actions in ascent number of descent CTD messages number of drift CTD messages number of ascent CTD messages number of descent slices in shallow zone number of descent slices in deep zone number of
18. ALINE AND LITHIUM BATTERIES MAY EXPLODE PYROLIZE OR VENT IF MIS HANDLED DO NOT DISASSEMBLE PUNCTURE CRUSH SHORT CIRCUIT RE CHARGE OR INCINERATE THE CELLS DO NOT EXPOSE CELLS TO HIGH TEMPERATURES The lithium thionyl chloride cells used in ARVOR floats incorporate sealed steel containers warning labels and venting systems to guard against accidental release of their contents WARNING IF A BATTERY SPILLS ITS CONTENTS DUE TO MISHANDLING THE RELEASED CHEMICALS AND THEIR REACTION PRODUCTS INCLUDE CAUSTIC AND ACIDIC MATERIALS SUCH AS HYDROCHLORIC ACID HCL IN THE CASE OF LITHIUM THIONYL CHLORIDE BATTERIES AND POTASSIUM HYDROXIDE KOH IN THE CASE OF ALKALINE BATTERIES THESE CHEMICALS CAN CAUSE EYE AND NOSE IRRITATION AND BURNS TO EXPOSED FLESH The hazard presented by these chemicals is comparable to that presented by common domestic cleaning materials like bleach muriatic acid or oven cleaner Inevitably the battery contents will eventually be released into the environment regardless of whether the cells are deliberately dismantled or simply disintegrate due to the forces of nature Because of their highly reactive nature battery materials disintegrate rapidly when released into the environment They pose no long term environmental threat There are no heavy metals or chronic toxins in ARVOR s lithium cells Indeed a recommended safe disposal method for thionyl chloride lithium cells is to crush them and dilute them in sufficient quan
19. COPI nen T EE 6 2 222 Decoding M 6 2 4 LAUNCHING T A 7 2 4 1 the Float and arm the mission ccccccccccccccccsssescecccecssnsnscecececsssssseaeeesecsesssaeseeesecsesesaeaeeececseneaaaeeececeesenssaeeeeeceeneas 7 2 4 2 Remove protective plugs and nee 7 24 3 Launchthe Em 7 2 5 CHECKS PRIOR TO DEPLOYMENT ci sereine 9 2 2 1 Necessary Equipment eere ioe 9 2 9 2 dg 9 2 5 3 Example of Bluetooth dongle tested by eene nennen eene inen tenen ennt 11 2 34 to Send Commands de eiu 12 2 5 5 How to Read and change Parameter 12 2 5 6 How to Check and change the Time iaon ain E a 14 237 Check 14 25 8 JF nctional secs 15 3 GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF ARVOR FLOAT ecce ee esee ee eese 16 Jd Plec OM S ENEMIES 16 34 2 Embedded software er nes 16 3 2 dec Nails 16 3 3
20. ION OF ARVOR FLOAT 3 1 ARVOR The main developments of ARVOR compared to the PROVOR CTS 3 float are mainly Embedded software Electronics Battery pack Float casing frame MMI link lt lt lt lt lt 3 1 1 Electronics A new CPU board has been developed to take in account the obsolescence of components of the CTS 3 ARVOR profiler A 1538 interface board is inserted between 1535 PCB and oxygen sensor 3 1 2 Embedded software The CPU board is equipped with a new embedded software taking in account supplementary inputs and possibilities required by the ARVOR float 3 2 Hull The ARVOR float is encased in an aluminium cylinder measuring 11 3 cm in diameter and 100 cm in height A surface finish prolongs life by impeding corrosion The float is carefully designed to have compressibility that is lower than that of seawater essential for stable operation at ocean depths where pressures reach 200 atmospheres The influence of surface swell upon the instrument s heave is attenuated by a syntactic foam pad positioned around the upper part of the hull 3 3 Magnet Positions ON OFF Magnet Position Float is Powered ON if magnet removed BLUETOOTH Magnet Position Bluetooth Module Power ON if magnet installed Do not install at deployment for Programmation Only L FLOAT 33 16 003 Url 2 325 5 Lu o 5955 8 5 8 3 v T 99 o2
21. Mechanical Length With 200 Diameter iM ent are inde 11 CLAMPING ERE 25 Wilts 20kg ARVOR or 18kg ARVOR L MELLE anodized aluminum casing Sensors Salinity PANG 10 to 42 PSU ERREUR 0 005 PSU dioe 0 001 PSU Temperature 3 to 32 inital educi 0 002 se es a el rent 0 001 C Pressure 0 bar to 2500 dbar initial c de 2 4 dbar ee 0 1 dbar Offset adjusted when surfacing offset has to be adjusted at each surfacing nke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 8 ARVOR OPERATING PRINCIPLE Movement of the float through its profile is accomplished by a pump and valve system The pump transfers oil from the inner reservoir to the outer bladder Oil moves back to the reservoir when the valve is opened driven by the difference between the float s internal and external pressures The float s speed of ascent oscillates This oscillation is due to the way in which the float s controller regulates its speed The controller using depth measurements from the float s pressure sensor calculat
22. While the float is at the surface the Argos transmitter sends stored data to the satellites of the Argos system see sections 6 page 26 and 6 2 page 27 The transmitter has a unique ID assigned by Argos This ID identifies the individual float The Argos antenna is mounted on the top end of the ARVOR float and must be above the sea surface in order for transmissions to reach the satellites 3 7 CPU Board This board contains a micro controller or CPU that controls ARVOR Its functions include maintenance of the calendar and internal clock supervision of the depth cycling process data processing and activation and control of the hydraulics This board allows communication with the outside world for the purpose of testing and programming 3 8 Battery A battery of lithium thionyl chloride cells supplies the energy required to operate ARVOR 3 9 MMI link The User link is made via Bluetooth radiofrequency link 1n ARVOR ARVOR L FLOAT 16 003 Url INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 4 THE LIFE AN ARVOR FLOAT The life of an ARVOR float is divided into four phases Storage Transport Deployment Mission and Life Expiry 1 Storage Transport During this phase the float packed in its transport case awaits deployment The electronic components are dormant and float s buoyancy control functions are completely shut down This is the appropriate status for both transport and storage 2 Deployment The floa
23. an set the time on the float s internal clock by sending the command ITI DD MM YY hh mm ss For example if you send the command ITI 01 03 09 14 30 00 ARVOR will respond 01 03 09 14h 30m 00s 2 5 7 Configuration Check The float has been programmed at the factory The objective of this portion of the acceptance test is to verify the float s configuration parameters Connect the PC to the float see section 2 5 2 page 9 Send the PM command as explained in section 2 5 5 page 12 to verify that ARVOR s parameters have been set correctly nke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 2 5 8 Functional Tests Connect the PC to the float see section 2 5 2 page 9 NOTE The hydraulic components will function correctly only if the float is in vertical position with the antenna up Orient the float vertically and support it to prevent it from falling over during the performance of the functional tests ARVOR has several command s that allow you to test its various functions 2 5 8 1 Display of technological parameters This command is used to display nternal vacuum V This vacuum is drawn on the float as one of the final steps of assembly It should be between 500 and 700 mbar absolute 600 mbar 20 is recommended Battery voltage B Normal values for a new battery are 10 8 volts see test sheets for limits Send the command VB ARVOR will respond V 60
24. ar with a resolution of 1 dbar 6 3 4 Temperature Coding Depending upon the value of the first bit it is followed by either 10 or 15 data bits If the difference between the current temperature measurement and the previous temperature measurement Tn Tn 1 is included in the closed interval 0 923 C 0 100 the difference Tn Tn 1 0 1 is coded into 10 bits The decoding will carry out the following operation Ttransmitted 0 1 Otherwise the measurement is absolutely coded in 15 bits with an offset of 2 The temperature is reported in the range 2 C to 30 767 with a resolution of 0 001 C 6 3 5 Salinity Coding Depending upon the value of the first bit it is followed by either 8 or 15 data bits If the difference between the current salinity measurement and the previous salinity measurement Cn Cn 1 is included in the closed interval 0 230 PSU 0 025 PSU the difference Cn Cn 1 0 025PSU is expressed in 8 bits The decoding will carry out the following operation Ctransmitted 0 025PSU Otherwise the measurement is absolutely coded in 15 bits with an offset of 10 PSU Salinity is reported in the range of 10 PSU to 42 767 PSU with a resolution of 0 001 PSU 28 _ ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 Url INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 6 4 Submerged Drift CTD Message Data Format Bit Number 28 bits ARGOS ID complement 8 bits 1108 Messag
25. ascent Profile Depth dbar Depth at which profiling begins if in an ascending profile If ARVOR is drifting at some shallower depth it will first descend to the profile depth before starting the ascent profile PM 10 Threshold Surface Middle Pressure dbar The isobar that divides surface depths from middle depths for the purpose of data reduction 24 1n ke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL PM 11 Threshold Middle Bottom Pressure dbar The isobar that divides Middle depths from Bottom depths for the purpose of data reduction PM 12 Thickness of the Surface slices dbar Thickness of the slices for surface depths algorithm of data reduction PM 13 Thickness of the Middle slices dbar Thickness of the slices for Middle depths algorithm of data reduction PM 14 Thickness of the bottom slices dbar Thickness of the slices for deep depths algorithm of data reduction PM 15 End Of Life Iridium Period Not used PM 16 Wait Inter Cycles Not Used 5 2 Argos Parameters PA 0 PA 1 PA 2 PA 3 PA 4 PA 5 PA 6 PA 7 Argos Transmission Period seconds The time interval between successive Argos transmissions If you use a short transmission period Argos messages will be sent more frequently improving the chances of reception However a shorter period also increases the fees charged to you by Argos You must request the period that
26. buoyancy To reach a neutral buoyancy position before descending float needs to transfer oil inside float For the 2 first cycles this phase can take up to one hour and a half by opening electro valve several times with one minute for pressure monitoring between activations At following cycles float memorized necessary global electro valve opening time precedent cycle and reduce this global duration by reduce time between valve activations to one second instead of 1 minute Descent The float descends at an average speed of 5cm sec During descent which typically lasts a few hours ARVOR can detect possible grounding on a high portion of the seabed and can move away from such places see section 4 2 page 20 for more details on grounding ARVOR can collect CTD measurements during descent or ascent In order to respect the requirement of the ARGO program the first cycle of the mission collect CTD measurements during the descent at the sampling period of 10 seconds Drifting at Depth During the drift period ARVOR drifts underwater at a user selected drift depth typically 1 000m to 2 000m below the sea surface The drift period is user selectable and can last from a few days to several weeks but is typically 10 days The float automatically adjusts its buoyancy if it drifts from the selected depth by more than 5 bars over a 60 minute period ARVOR can collect CTD measurements at user selected intervals during this drift period if the user selec
27. cent and before the Mission start Measurements are given in 25 mbar steps starting from 725 mbar and are coded in 3 bits 000 725 mbar 001 726 mbar to 750 mbar 010 751 mbar to 775 mbar 011 776 mbar to 800 mbar 100 801 mbar to 825 mbar 101 826 mbar to 850 mbar 110 851 mbar to 875 mbar 111 gt 875 mbar 6 7 Life Expiry Message Life expiry messages are transmitted when the float is drifting on the surface and has completed transmission of all data from the last cycle of the Mission Life Expiry mode continues until the recovery of the float or depletion of the battery These transmissions unlike other transmissions occur at 100 sec intervals PA 1 The content of the life expiry message is identical to the technical message see page 30 32 nke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 7 SPECIFICATIONS Storage Temperature TANGO 20 C to 50 Storage time before up to 1 year Operational rango 0 to 40 Pressure at drift depth usines 40 bar to 200 bar Depth maintenance accuracy 3 bar typical adjustable IBI DIE up to 5 years Maximum number of up to 255 cycles ARVOR or up to 160 cycles ARVOR L
28. d send them to ARVOR by pressing the Enter key In the following descriptions of commands we will use the general syntax Keystrokes entered by the user are written in bold Replies received from the float are in normal font Commands entered by the user end with the Enter key The software version can be viewed using the VL command ARVOR will respond VL 5605A0x gt where x indicates minor software revision VC ARGOS gt VC gt The float s serial number can be viewed using the NS command ARVOR will respond NS 10001 year 10 identification 1 2 5 5 How to Read and change Parameter Values Read the values of mission parameters by sending the PM command Do this by typing the characters PM in response to ARVOR s prompt character then confirm the command by pressing the Enter key It should look like this ARVOR will respond PMO 255 PM1 10 PM2 2 PM3 6 lt 4 0 gt lt 5 0 gt PM6 12 PM7 10 lt 8 1000 gt PM9 2000 lt PM10 10 gt lt 11 200 gt lt 12 1 gt PM13 10 lt PM14 25 gt lt PM15 60 gt PM16 O gt As you can see the responses are of the form PM parameter number value You can also read the values of the parameters individually using the command PM X where X identifies the parameter Each parameter is identified by a parameter number corresponding to a parameter name They are summarised for r
29. e type type 0101 4 bits 9 to 12 CRC 16 bits 13 to 28 Date of the first CTD measurement 6 bits 29 to 34 Time of first CTD measurement 5 bits 35 to 39 First pressure measurement 11 bits 40 to 50 First temperature measurement 15 bits 51 to 65 First salinity measurement 15 bits 66 to 80 CTD measurements 176 bits 81 to 256 6 4 1 Cyclic Redundancy Check CRC coding is as described above for the Ascent Descent Profile CTD Message 6 4 2 CTD Triplets Only the first triplet is dated The day number counts from the date at the beginning of the descent for transmitted cycle that is also coded in technical message in 4 field The hour number is the hour of the first measurement relative to the descent start time The least significant bit are 1 day Date amp 1 hour Time The stored triplets are sent in the same order in which they were collected Measurements within a triplet are sent in the sequence pressure temperature salinity Subsequent triplets correspond to alternating data points in the profile for example number of measurements 1 3 5 7 Interleaving data points are sent in another message This technique minimizes the impact of the loss of any one data message The CTD measurements starting from bit 81 measurement numbers 3 5 7 etc are coded either as absolute measurements or as relative measurement The first bit of each measurement is a format bit that indicates whether the reading is absolute format
30. eference in page 24 amp 25 12 _ amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL By the same way you can read ARGOS parameters with the following command PA ARVOR will respond PAO 40 PA1 100 PA2 25 lt 1 gt lt 4 1 gt lt PA5 000000 gt lt PA6 180 gt lt PA7 480 gt Command no Name xm Units Mission Parameters PMO Number of Cycles 255 Whole number PM1 Cycle Period 10 Days PM2 Reference Day 2 Number of days PM3 Estimated time at the surface 6 Hours 4 Delay Before Mission 0 Minutes PM5 Descent Sampling Period 0 Seconds PM6 Drift Sampling Period 12 Seconds PM7 Ascent Sampling Period 10 Seconds PM8 Drift Depth 1000 dbar PM9 Profile Depth 2000 dbar PM10 Threshold surface Middle Pressure 10 dbar PM1 1 Threshold Middle Bottom Pressure 200 dbar PM12 Thickness of the surface slices 1 dbar PM13 Thickness of the middle slices 10 dbar PM14 Thickness of the bottom slices 25 dbar PM15 End of life Iridium Period Not Used 60 PM16 Iridium Inter session wait Not used 0 Argos Parameters PAO Argos Transmission Period 40 Seconds PA1 Argos Transmission Period at Life Expiry 100 Seconds PA2 Retransmission 25 Whole number Argos Transmission Duration 1 Hours 4 Number of Argos addresses 1 Whole number Argos ID O 6 0000000 Hexa Argos ID 2 0 6 0000000 H
31. en setting the reference day it is recommended to allow enough time between the deployment and reach of profiling depth Using a reference day of at least 2 will ensure the first profile is complete Estimated Time on Surface hours Estimated time float must reach surface Delay Before Mission minutes To prevent ARVOR from trying to sink while still on deck the float waits for this time before commanding the buoyancy engine to start the descent After disconnection of the PC followed by removal of the magnet ARVOR will wait for this delay before beginning the descent The delay is measured after the first start of the pump which confirms the removal of the magnet see section 2 4 1 page 7 and before the start of the descent Descent Sampling Period seconds The time interval between successive measurements during descent If this parameter is set to 0 seconds no profile will be carried out during the descent phase Nevertheless due to the ARGO requirements the first descent profile of the mission is automatically done even if the parameter was equal to 0 Drift Sampling Period hours The time interval between successive CTD measurements during ARVOR s stay at the drift depth Ascent Sampling Period seconds The time interval between successive CTD measurements during ascent Drift Depth dbar The depth at which ARVOR drifts after completion of a descent while awaiting the time scheduled for the beginning of the next
32. es the change in depth over a set period of time With this information the controller determines the float s speed When ascending if the calculated speed is lower than desired the pump is activated for about 10 seconds pumping oil into the outer bladder This produces an increase in buoyancy which increases the speed of ascent As the float rises to shallower depths its buoyancy decreases causing the ascent speed to also decrease When the calculated speed is too low the pump is activated again This cycle repeats until the float reaches the surface The same regulating method is used to control the float s descent speed by opening the valve and allowing oil to flow from the external bladder to the internal reservoir Why does ARVOR s speed decrease as it ascends The buoyancy of a float is determined principally by its mass and its volume but another factor hull compressibility also plays an important role As ARVOR ascends the decrease in water density reduces the float s buoyancy At the same time the decrease in water pressure causes ARVOR s hull to expand which increases the float s buoyancy The two effects tend to counteract each other Because ARVOR s compressibility is actually less than that of sea water the decrease in buoyancy due to decreasing water density is greater than the increase in buoyancy due to hull expansion This causes ARVOR s speed of ascent to decrease as it rises in the water column Conversely as t
33. exa Argos ID 3 0 6 0000000 Hexa Argos ID 400 6 0000000 Hexa PAG Argos transmission test time upon launch 180 Minutes before surfacing adjustment 7 Offset on transmission frequency in 530 Himdreds of Hertz hundreds of Hertz here 401 653 000 MHz 1n ke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 16 003 Url INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL For example to verify the value of the ascent sampling period send the command PM7 ARVOR will respond PM7 10 gt where 10 is the sampling period in ascent see page 24 The commands for changing the values of the mission parameters are of the form PM X Y where X identifies the parameter and Y provides its new value For example to change the number of cycles to 150 send the command IPM 01 150 ARVOR will respond PM1 150 NOTE ARVOR will always respond by confirming the present value of the parameter This is true even if your attempt to change the parameter s value has been unsuccessful so you should observe carefully how ARVOR responds to your commands 2 5 6 How to Check and change the Time Connect the PC to the float using the BT connection see section 2 5 2 page 9 Ask ARVOR to display the time stored in its internal clock by sending the command TI Do this by typing the characters TI followed by the Enter key ARVOR will respond 01 03 09 14 41 00 gt The date and time are in the format DD MM YY hh mm ss You c
34. g profiler developed by nke and IFREMER PTT Platform Terminal Transmitter Argos transmission electronics Triplet Set of four measurements Salinity Temperature Depth and dissolved oxygen all taken at the same time RS232 Widely recognized standard for the implementation of a serial data communication link Two s complement A system for representation of negative numbers in binary notation The decimal equivalent of a two s complement binary number is computed in the same way as for an unsigned number except that the weight of the most significant bit is 2n 1 instead of 2 1 VT52 VT100 Video Terminal type 52 or 100 Computer terminals developed by Digital Equipment Corporation DEC They are considered standard in the field PA PM Argos and Mission Parameters set BT Bluetooth nke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL Fabriqu par Manufactured by nke INSTRUMENTATION Nke 7 1 de KERANDRE RUE GUTENBERG 56700 HENNEBONT FRANCE Telephone 33 0 2 97 36 10 12 Fax 33 0 2 97 36 55 17 Web http www nke fr E mail info instrumentation nke fr
35. hapter 9 specifies the elements of the constraints limited to the transport of Lithium batteries 1n ke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 16 003 Url INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 2 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS The following instructions tell you how to handle configure test and launch the ARVOR float Please read these instructions carefully and follow them closely to ensure your ARVOR float functions as intended 2 1 Handling Precautions ARVOR is designed to withstand submersion at great depths for long periods of time up to five years This remarkable specification in oceanographic instrumentation is possible thanks to the protection of the casing by an anti corrosion coating This coating is sensitive to impact Damage to the coating can accelerate the corrosion process NOTE Take precautions to preserve the anti corrosion coating during handling Remove the float from its packing only when absolutely necessary NOTE Regulations state that ARVOR must not be switched on during transport 2 2 Acceptance Tests Immediately upon receipt of the ARVOR float you should test it to confirm that it is complete correctly configured and has not been damaged in shipment If your ARVOR float fails any of the following tests you should contact nke instrumentation 2 2 1 Inventory The following items should be supplied with your ARVOR float The present user manual Atest sheet NOTE Disassembly of the float voids the war
36. he float descends the increasing water density increases the buoyancy more than the decreasing buoyancy from hull compression This causes ARVOR s speed of descent to slow as it goes deeper To reduce the probability of contact with ships ARVOR s target speed during the initial stage of descent is high at shallow depths This minimizes the time during which the float is at risk of damage To slow the float s descent its controller is programmed with a series of depths at which the descent speed is halved until it reaches the target depth 34 nke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 9 LITHIUM BATTERY All batteries both lithium batteries and batteries with other chemical elements contain large quantities of stored energy This is of course what makes them useful but it also makes them potentially hazardous If correctly handled neither alkaline nor lithium batteries present any risk to humans or the environment Improper handling of these batteries presents potential risks to humans but does not present an environmental risk The energy stored in a battery cell is stored in chemical form Most batteries contain corrosive chemicals These chemicals can be released if the cells are mishandled Mishandling includes short circuiting the cells e re charging the cells puncturing the cell enclosure with a sharp object exposing the cell to high temperatures WARNING BOTH ALK
37. ift period at the end of each cycle One cycle is shown in the figure below Depth Drift depth 1500 m Profile depth 2000 m ES f Ascent 1 6h Descent 1 14h Drifting at depth 10 days duration 20h Wait for ascent time Argos transmission cent start time Delay before mission 1h j Figure 2 Schematic representation of a ARVOR s d pth cycle during the Mission n ke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Delay Before Mission To prevent ARVOR from trying to sink before it is in the water the float waits for this time before starting its descent This happens only before the first cycle it is not repeated at each cycle ARGOS Preliminary Transmissions To test ARGOS transmitter before descent phase float will perform ARGOS transmission during a period defined by user with PA 6 parameter expressed in minutes Argos messages are send each PA 1 seconds end of life period Float send technical ARGOS messages see section 6 page 26 for more details Pressure sensor offset reset Resetoffset command is send to SBE41 CP sensor Sample pressure for 1 minute Store measured pressure as new pressure offset Maximum allowed offset is 2 percent of full scale Buoyancy reduction Float is deployed with full external bladder to get a maximal
38. ift pressure the float must first descend to reach the profile starting pressure If grounding is detected while ARVOR is descending to the profile starting pressure the present pressure is substituted for the profile starting pressure This substitution is only for the cycle in progress the profile starting pressure reverts to its pre programmed value for subsequent cycles Once the profile starting pressure has been reached the float waits for the programmed time to begin the ascent If this time is reached before the float has arrived at the profile starting pressure the ascent starts immediately ARVOR ascends by repeated use of the pump When the pressure change between two successive measurements is less than 1 bar the pump is activated for a pre set time period In this way the pump performs minimum work at high pressure which ensures minimum electrical energy consumption The average speed of ascent is approximately 10cm sec For a 2 000m profile the ascent would therefore last 6 hours When the pressure drops below 1 bar signifying completion of ascent ARVOR waits 10 minutes and then activates the pump in order to empty the reservoir and achieve maximum buoyancy If the user chooses ARVOR will collect CTD measurements during descent and or ascent CTD measurements begin at the profile start time and stop 10 minutes after the float rises above the 1 bar isobar in its approach to the sea surface The interval between CTD measurements i
39. igured correctly and maximize the probability of success of your experiment IMPORTANT Before launching the float you must arm the mission by issuing the AR command IAR ARVOR will respond lt AR ON gt Put the magnet on the float ON OFF position NOTE Once the mission is armed the next time you will attempt to communicate with the float upon magnet removal you need to establish Bluetooth connection see section 2 5 2 page 9 and press ENTER within 30 seconds in order to get the prompt 2 4 2 Remove protective plugs and magnet The pump system of the CTD sensor is sealed by 3 protective plugs Remove these plugs from the sensor before launching 2 Protective plugs e CTD sensor gt T Remove the magnet located near the top of the float see Figure 1 General view of ARVOR float page 17 Retain the magnet for future use in case the float is recovered ARVOR is now ready for launch To confirm that the magnet has been removed and that the float is ready for launch 5 seconds after magnet removal ARVOR starts 5 valves actions After 80s the seabird pump is active If you have water in the CTD this water go out by the holes where was the protectives plugs After 100 sec floats starts 5 quick valve activations NOTE Once the magnet has been removed the ARVOR float performs an initial test Ensure that the CTD pump starts as explained above before placing the float in the water If your do not hea
40. n frequency This is the offset in hundreds of Hertz of the ARGOS transmission frequency Ex 480 gives a transmission frequency of 401 6480000 MHz This value is added to the frequency 401 6000 MHz 25 Dn ke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 6 ARGOS FORMATS 6 1 ARGOS Reminder 6 1 1 Reminder on ARGOS principle ARGOS system is used to locate any mobile ocean or meteorological buoy animal fishing vessel etc carrying an ARGOS transmitter to within 300 meters and better and to collect data from sensors connected to the transmitter CLS is the worldwide operator of ARGOS satellites systems From this system CLS supplies platform location and scientific data collection The working principle of the ARGOS system is the following Figure 2 ARGOS principle 1 ARGOS transmitters automatically send messages that are received by satellites in low earth orbit 2 Satellites relay messages to ground stations 3 Ground stations forward messages to processing centers These centers calculate the transmitter locations and process any sensor data 4 The user access its results from its closest processing center 6 1 2 Reminder on ARGOS Facilities Figure 3 ARGOS worldwide facilities Five interlinked processing centers and 18 receiving stations worldwide provide continuous location and data collection service and access to results 26 nke ARVOR amp
41. nts 1 3 5 7 Interleaving data points are sent in another message This technique minimizes the impact of the loss of any one data message The CTD measurements starting from bit 79 measurement numbers 3 5 7 etc are coded either as absolute measurements or as relative measurement The first bit of each measurement is a format bit that indicates whether the reading is absolute format bit 0 or relative format bit 1 6 5 3 Pressure Coding Depending upon the value of the first bit it is followed by either 6 or 11 data bits If the difference between the current pressure measurement Pn and the previous pressure measurement Pn 1 is less than 63 dbar the difference Pn Pn 1 is expressed in 6 bits Otherwise the pressure measurement is coded in 11 bits as an absolute measurement Pressure is reported in the range 0 dbar to 2047 dbar with a resolution of 1 dbar 6 5 4 Temperature Coding Depending upon the value of the first bit it is followed by either 10 or 15 data bits If the difference between the current temperature measurement and the previous temperature measurement Tn Tn 1 is included in the closed interval 0 100 0 923 the difference Tn Tn 1 0 1 is coded into 10 bits The decoding will carry out the following operation Ttransmitted 0 1 C Otherwise the measurement is absolutely coded in 15 bits with an offset of 2 The temperature is reported in the range 2 C to 30 76
42. or the ARGO Program This international program will be a major component of the Global Ocean Observing System GOOS An array of 3 000 free drifting profiling floats is planned for deployment in 2004 These floats will measure the temperature and salinity of the upper 2 000 meters of the ocean allowing continuous monitoring of the ocean s climate All Argo measurements will be relayed and made publicly available within hours after collection The data will provide a quantitative description of the evolving state of the upper ocean and the patterns of ocean climate variability including heat and freshwater storage and transport It is expected that ARGO data will be used for initialization of ocean and coupled forecast models and for dynamic model testing A primary focus of Argo is seasonal to decadal climate variability and predictability After launch ARVOR s mission consists of a repeating cycle of descent submerged drift ascent and data transmission During these cycles ARVOR dynamically controls its buoyancy with a hydraulic system This hydraulic system adjusts the density of the float causing it to descend ascend or hover at a constant depth in the ocean The user selects the depth at which the system drifts between descent and ascent profiles ARVOR continually samples the pressure at this drift depth and maintains that depth within approximately 30m After the submerged drift portion of a cycle the float proceeds to the depth at which
43. r the valve running after 30 seconds and you do not see the water after 90s replace the magnet connect the PC and conduct the tests described in section 2 5 page 9 If these tests fail contact nke technical support 2 4 3 Launch the Float NOTE Keep the float in its protective packaging for as long as possible to guard against any nicks and scratches that could occur during handling Handle the float carefully using soft non abrasive materials only Do not lay the float on the deployment vessel s unprotected deck Use cardboard or cloth to protect it 7 n ke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 2 4 3 1 hand ARVOR can be launched by hand from the deck from a height of 3 meters 2 4 3 2 Using rope The damping disk is already fastened on the tube under the buoyancy foam It is possible to use the holes in the damping disk in order to handle and secure the float during deployment Put the rope in the hole according to the following photo Rope for launch with release system After the launch you may decide to wait alongside the float until it starts its descent but this can take up to 3 hours depending on the float s buoyancy when it is placed in the water _ ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 16 003 INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 2 5 Checks prior to deployment 2 5 1 Necessary Equipment The equipment required to check that ARVOR i
44. rameters PM 0 Number of Cycles 1 2 PM 3 PM 4 PM 5 PM 6 7 PM 8 PM 9 This is the number of cycles of descent submerged drift ascent and transmission that ARVOR will perform The mission ends and ARVOR enters Life Expiry mode when this number of cycles has been completed The capacity of ARVOR s batteries is sufficient for at least 180 cycles If you wish to recover float at the end of the mission you must set the number of cycles at less than 180 to ensure there is sufficient battery capacity remaining to allow float to return to the sea surface and enter Life Expiry Under favourable conditions the battery capacity may exceed 180 cycles If you do not plan to recover the ARVOR float you may choose to set the number of cycles to 180 to ensure that ARVOR completes the maximum number of cycles possible Cycle Period days The duration of one cycle of descent submerged drift ascent and transmission ARVOR waits submerged at the drift depth for as long as necessary to make the cycle the selected duration Reference Day number of days Allows you to configure a group of floats so that they all conduct their profiles at the same time The parameter defines a particular day on which the first profile is to be made When the float s internal clock s day number equals the reference day it will conduct its first profile The float s internal clock day number is set to zero when the mission starts Wh
45. ranty Check that all of the above items are present If any are missing contact nke 2 2 2 Physical Inspection Upon the opening of the transport casing visually inspect the float s general condition Inspect the transport container for dents damage signs of impact or other signs that the float has been mishandled during shipping Inspect the CTD sensor antenna hull housing around the lower bladder for dents or any other signs of damage NOTE Ensure the magnet is in place against the hull on ON OFF position 2 3 Default Parameters Notwithstanding special instructions given to NKE during the ARVOR preparation stage the following set of parameters is applied section 5 page 24 If these parameters are not appropriate the user can change them himself by following the instructions 2 3 1 ARGO Identification The user is responsible for contacting the AIC in order to obtain the WMO number which will identify the ARVOR s mission 2 3 2 Decoding The CORIOLIS project team IFREMER is able to assist the teams that use ARVOR for data processing 1n ke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 Url INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 2 4 Launching Following is what you should do to launch the ARVOR float 2 4 1 Test the Float and arm the mission Before you take ARVOR on deck for deployment we recommend that you repeat all of the tests described in section 2 5 8 page 15 This will ensure that the float is functioning and conf
46. s functioning correctly and to prepare it for the mission are 1 A PC The most convenient way of communicating with ARVOR is with a PC in terminal emulation mode Among other advantages this allows storage of configuration parameters and commands You can use any standard desktop or laptop computer The PC must be equipped with a serial port usually called or 2 2 VT52 or VT100 terminal emulation software The Hyper Terminal emulation software can be used 3 A Bluetooth Dongle with drivers installed on the PC BELKIN class 2 model is recommended 4 An accurate time source This could be a wristwatch a GPS receiver or the PC s internal clock Some users use a GPS receiver connected to the PC to adjust the clock 5 An Argos test set This device receives Argos messages directly from the transmitter for test purposes Goniometer RMDO2 receiver 2 5 2 Connecting the PC Make sure you check the following points before attempting a connection Y Bluetooth key connected to the PC with the drivers installed v Magnet present at the Bluetooth s power supply ILS see Figure 1 General view of ARVOR float page 17 Start Hyperterminal after checking on which COM port the Bluetooth key is installed by going to Control Panel gt System gt click on Hardware tab gt Device Manager as shown in the figure below L Geste de g ripir riques Adina 7 J aeu Saru
47. s user programmable For example during a profile beginning at 2 000 m with a 10 sec sampling period 2 200 measurements will be collected 21 nke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 4 6 Transmission The data transmission process takes into account the limitations of the Argos data collection system including the flight frequency of the satellites above the experiment zone theuncertainty of the float s antenna emerging in rough seas radio propagation uncertainties due to weather conditions and the satellites operational status ARVOR creates transmission messages from the stored data The transmission of all messages is repeated until the total duration of transmissions exceeds the user programmed minimum duration The interval between transmissions is also user programmable Please refer to section 6 page 26 for a detailed description of the transmitted message formats 22 nke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 5 ARVOR PARAMETERS ARVOR s configuration is determined by the values of its mission and Argos parameters defined below Instructions on how to read and change the values of these parameters are provided in sections 2 5 5 page 12 The following table summarizes all parameter names ranges and default values Software YLA5605A0x
48. shipping the duration of this transmission period should be no longer than necessary A transmission duration of 12 hours is usually more than adequate to ensure reception of all data collected during the cycle The Argos satellite system receives the data and calculates the float s location during this transmission period 20 nke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 4 2 Descent While the float is still at the sea surface ARVOR measures and records its pressure sensor offset This offset is used to correct all pressure measurements The offset is transmitted in a technical message see section 6 page 26 for a description of the technical message format Descent takes the float from the sea surface to the drift depth Initially in order to avoid possible collisions with ships ARVOR s objective is to lose buoyancy in the shortest possible time It does this by opening the solenoid valve for a time period that is initially long but decreases as the float approaches its target depth If the user chooses ARVOR will collect CTD measurements during descent or during ascent The interval between CTD measurements is user programmable 4 3 Grounding ARVOR monitors itself for possible grounding on the seabed During descent to drift depth if the pressure remains unchanged for too long ARVOR enters a correction mode The user selects one of two available modes during Mission programming before la
49. t is removed from its protective packaging configured tested and launched at sea 3 Mission The mission begins with the launching of the float During the Mission ARVOR conducts a pre programmed number of cycles of descent submerged drift ascent and data transmission During these cycles it collects CTD data and transmits it to the Argos satellite system 4 Life Expiry Life Expiry begins automatically upon completion of the pre programmed number of cycles During Life Expiry the float drifting on the sea surface periodically transmits messages until the battery is depleted Reception of these messages makes it possible to locate the float to follow its movements and if desired to recover it ARVOR floats are designed to be expendable so recovery is not part of its normal life cycle If the battery is depleted before completion of the pre programmed number of cycles ARVOR will probably remain submerged and cannot be located or recovered 41 The Mission Overview We call Mission the period between the moment when the float is launched at the experiment zone and the moment when the data transmission relating to the final depth cycle is completed During the Mission ARVOR conducts ascent and descent profiles separated by periods of Argos transmitting and drifting at a predetermined depth ARVOR can collect data during the descent submerged drift or ascent portions of the cycle and transmits the collected data during the surface dr
50. the ascending profile is to begin The ascent profile starting depth typically the ARGO selected depth of 2 000m is not necessarily the same as the drift depth During its mission ARVOR collects measurements of four parameters salinity temperature and depth CTD and saves them in its memory These measurements can be made during the float descent descent profile during the submerged drift period Lagrangian operation and during the ascent ascent profile After each ascent ARVOR transmits its saved data to the satellites of the Argos system The volume of data is reduced using a compression algorithm in order to reduce the time needed for transmission The Argos system calculates the float s position during its stay on the sea surface This manual describes the ARVOR float how to use it and safety precautions to be observed during handling Please read this manual carefully to ensure that ARVOR functions as intended Overview of the present manual s contents e Chapter 2 contains the instructions necessary for the personnel in charge of the deployment e Chapter 3 describes the components of ARVOR it is intended for those who want a more in depth understanding of ARVOR e Chapter 4 describes the mission of ARVOR e Chapter 5 describes the various parameters e Chapter 6 describes the various ARGOS messages e Chapter 7 presents the technical specifications e Chapter 8 provides explanations about the operation of ARVOR e C
51. tities of water Discharged batteries pose a greatly reduced threat as the process of discharging them consumes the corrosive chemicals contained in them In summary ARVOR s lithium battery poses no significant or long term environmental threats Any threats that they do present are short term threats to the safety of persons mishandling the cells These safety threats are similar to those of other common household use materials These threats are reduced when the cells are discharged and exist only if the cells are mishandled in extreme ways These threats are the same as those presented by the alkaline cells widely used by consumers nke ARVOR amp ARVOR L FLOAT 33 16 003 UTI INSTRUMENTATION USER MANUAL 10 GLOSSARY CPU Central Processing Unit In the context of ARVOR this term denotes the board that ensures the running and control of the system 1 2 Serial communication ports dbar 1 10 bar 1 decibar Unit of pressure used for ARVOR It roughly corresponds to a depth of 1m IFREMER Institut Frangais pour la Recherche et l Exploitation de la MER French Institute for the Research and the Exploitation of the Sea Mission The portion of ARVOR s life that consists of a number of repeating cycles of descent submerged drift ascent and data transmission PC Personal Computer IBM PC compatible CTD Celerity for salinity Temperature Depth and Oxygen ARVOR Name given to the driftin
52. ts this option Descent to Profile Depth The user may select a starting depth for the ascent profile that is deeper than the drift depth If this is the case ARVOR must first descend to the profile depth before beginning the ascent profile ARVOR can detect a possible grounding during this descent and take corrective action as described in section 4 3 page 21 Wait for Ascent Time The user can program several floats to conduct profiles simultaneously This makes it possible to use several ARVOR floats in a network of synoptic measurements even though the instruments are not all deployed at the same time If this is the case it may be necessary for ARVOR to standby at the profile starting depth while awaiting the scheduled ascent time Ascent Ascent lasts a few hours during which time ARVOR ascends to the sea surface at an average speed of 10cm sec ARVOR can collect CTD measurements during descent or ascent 10 Transmission At the end of each cycle the float finds sufficient buoyancy to ensure Argos transmission quality ARVOR remains at the sea surface transmitting the data collected during the preceding descent drift ascent portion of the cycle The duration of the Argos transmission period and the interval between transmissions can both be set by the user The choices depend upon the quantity of data that ARVOR must transmit and the latitude of the float In order to conserve battery life and minimize the chance of collision with
53. unch technical parameter PT10 e Grounding Mode 0 The pre programmed drift depth is disregarded The pressure at the time of grounding minus an offset 5 bar is taken as the new value for the drift pressure The float adjusts its buoyancy to reach this new drift depth The drift depth reverts to its programmed value for subsequent cycles If the grounded pressure is lower than a programmed threshold 20 bar the float remains on the seabed until the next programmed ascent time e Grounding Mode 1 the float remains where it is until the next scheduled ascent time The pressure measured at grounding becomes the profile start pressure for the cycle in progress The profile start pressure reverts to its programmed value for subsequent cycles 4 4 Submerged Drift While ARVOR is drifting at drift depth it checks the external pressure every 30 minutes to determine whether there is need either for depth adjustment or for an emergency ascent If the measured pressure differs from the drift depth pressure by more than a specified tolerance and this difference is maintained ARVOR adjusts its buoyancy to return to the drift depth If the pressure increases by an amount that exceeds a factory set danger threshold ARVOR immediately ascends to the sea surface If the user chooses ARVOR will collect CTD measurements at user selected intervals during submerged drift 4 5 Ascent If the chosen ascent profile starting pressure is higher than the dr
54. you want from Argos and then you must use the value that they assign Argos Transmission Period at Life Expiry seconds The time interval between successive Argos transmissions If you use a short transmission period Argos messages will be sent more frequently improving the chances of reception However a shorter period also increases the fees charged to you by Argos You must request the period that you want from Argos and then you must use the value that they assign Retransmission Argos messages retransmission Retransmission rate is calculated according to the number of messages to transmit Argos Transmission Duration hours The time that ARVOR will remain on the surface transmitting its data at the end of each cycle At lower latitudes you may wish to increase the value of this parameter to increase the probability of reception of all of your data Number of Argos addresses The number of addresses for the Argos transmitter Up to 4 identification numbers are available Argos transmission period between each Argos messages is divided by the Number of ARGOS ID Argos ID The identification number for the Argos transmitter It is a 7 character hexadecimal number This parameter must be set to the value provided by Argos It is always possible to use an old Argos ID onto 5 character hexadecimal number Then the two last digits must be set to 00 Argos transmission test time upon launch before surfacing adjustment Transmissio
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