The pdfTEX 0.12+ user manual
Contents
1. fontflags the flags specifying some chracteristics of the font If not specified then will be treated as 4 fontfile the name of the font source file This must be a Type 1 or TrueType font file If it is preceded by a lt then the font file will be partly downloaded if it preceded by a double lt lt then the font file will be included entirely If it is preceded by a the font is not read at all and is assumed to be available on the users Acrobat platform Note that the standard 14 fonts are never downloaded even they are specified to be downloaded in some map file encoding a file containing the encoding vector to be used for the font The file name may be preceded by a lt but the effect is the same The format of the encoding vector is identical to that used by dvips If no encoding is specified the font s built in default encoding is used Here are some sample lines Include font entirely without reencoding pgsr8r GillSans lt lt pgsr8a pfb Include font partly without reencoding pgsr8r GillSans lt pgsr8a pfb Do not read the font at all or reencode it from font file pgsr8r GillSans pgsr8a pfb Include font entirely and reencode pgsr8r GillSans lt lt pgsr8a pfb 8r enc Partially include font and reencode pgsr r GillSans lt pgsr8a pfb 8r enc Do not include font but extract parameters from font file and reencode only works for font with Adobe Standard Encoding The font flags says how this font look2. TrueType fonts or image files Make sure that the required file exists and the correspoding variable in texmf cnf contains path to the file See above which variables pdfT X needs apart from the ones TeX uses 3 Fonts pdfT X can work with Type 1 and TrueType fonts at present and a source must be available for all fonts used in the document except for the 14 base fonts supplied by Acrobat Reader Times Helvetica Courier Symbol and Dingbats It is possible to use METAFONT generated fonts in pdfTf X however it is strongly recommended not to use METAFONT fonts if an equivalent is available in Type 1 or TrueType format as the resulting Type 3 fonts render very poorly in Acrobat Reader Given the free availability of Type 1 versions of all the Computer Modern fonts and the ability to use standard PostScript fonts without further ado most existing TeX users should be able to experiment with pdfTpx 3 1 Map files pdfT X reads map files specified in the configuration file see above sec tion 2 6 in which reencoding and partial downloading for each font are specified Every font needed must be listed each on a separate line The syntax of each line is similiar to dvips map files but may be changed later and can contain up to the following some are optional fields in fixed order texname basename fontflags fontfile and encodingfile tername the name of the TFM file basename the base font name PostScript font name
3. so called pool file needed for creating formats located in web2c 7 2 web2c texmf cnf web2c run time configuration file located in web2c 7 2 kpathsea ttf2afm an external program to generate AFM file from TrueType fonts located in web2c 7 2 web2c pdftexdir For precompiled binaries these files are included in the zip archive containing the binary pdftex zip 2 3 Getting pdfT EX specific platform indenpendent files Apart from above mentioned files there is another zip archive pdftexlib 0 12 zip in pdfT X distribution which contains platform indenpendent files required for running pdftex pdftex config file pdftex cfg encoding vectors enc map files map macros tex Unpacking this archive don t forget d option when using pkunzip will create a texmf tree containing pdfTpX specific files 2 4 Placing files The next step is to place the binaries somewhere in PATH We also need to make a copy or symbolic link of pdftex and name it as pdflatex if we want to use LATEX texmf cnf pdftex pool and directory texmf created by unpacking pdftexlib 0 12 zip should be also moved to appropriate place see below 2 5 Setting search paths web2c based programs including pdfT X use a web2c run time configuration file called texmf cnf This file can be found via the user set environment variable TEXMFCNF or via the compile time default value if the former is not set It is strongly recommended to
4. the latter are UseNone Open document with neither outline nor thumbnails visible UseQutlines Open document with outline visible UseThumbs Open document with thumbnails visible FullScreen Open document in full screen mode In full screen mode there is no menu bar window controls nor any other window present The default is UseNone The openaction is the action provided when opening the document and is specified in the same way as for internal links see below section 4 6 e g goto page 3 Fit 4 3 Graphics inclusion pdfimage width width height height depth depth filename Insert a bitmap image in PNG format optionally changing width height depth or any combination of them If all of them are given the image will be scaled to fit the specified dimensions If some of them but not all are given the rest will be set to a value corresponding to the remaining ones so as to make the image size to yield the same proportion of width height depth as the natural image size where depth is treated as zero If non of them is given then the image will take the natural size of it An image inserted at natural size often has resolution 72 DPI in output file but some images may contain data specifying image resolution and in such a case the image will be scaled to the intended resolution The filename of the image must appear after the optional dimension parameters The dimension of the image can be accessed
5. are web2c specific 2 1 Getting sources and binaries Latest sources of pdfT X are distributed together with precompiled binaries of pdfTEX for some platforms including Linux SGI IRIX Sun SPARC Solaris and DOS DJGPP The primary location is ftp ftp cstug cz pub tex local cstug thanh pdftex testing latest For Win32 systems Windows 95 Windows NT there are two packages that contain pdfTE X both in CTAN systems win32 Web2c for Win32 is maintained by Fabrice Popineau mailto popineau ese metz fr and MikTeX by Chris tian Schenk mailto cschenk berlin snafu de A binary version of pdfT X for Amiga is made available CTAN systems pdftex bin Amiga by Andreas Scherer mailto scherer physik rwth aachen de 2 2 Compiling If there is no precompiled binary of pdfT X for our system we need to build pdfTfX from sources The compilation is expected to be easy on UNIX like systems and can be described best by example Assuming that all needed files are downloaded to HOME pdftex the following steps are needed to compile pdfTEX based on web2c 7 2 on a UNIX system cd HOME pdftex gunzip lt web 7 2 tar gz tar xvf gunzip lt web2c 7 2 tar gz tar xvf gunzip lt pdftex tar gz tar xvf mv pdftexdir web2c 7 2 web2c cd web2c 7 2 configure cd web2c make pdftex Apart from the binary of pdfTfX the compilation also produces several other files which are needed for running pdfTEX pdftex pool
6. by enclosing the pdfimage command to a box and checking the dimensions of the box 4 4 XObject Forms pdfform num Write out the TeX box num as a XObject Form to the PDF file pdflastform Returns the object number of the last XObject Form written to the PDF file pdfrefform name Put in a reference to the XObject Form called name These macros support a feature called object reuse in pdfT X The idea is to create a Form object in PDF The content of the XObject Form object corresponds to the content of a TEX box which can also contain pictures and references to other XObject Form objects as well After that the XObject Form can be used by simply referring to its object number This feature can be useful for large document with a lot of similiar elements as it can reduce the duplication of identical objects 4 5 Annotations pdfannot width width height height depth depth text Attach an annotation at the current point in the text The text is inserted as raw PDF code to the contents of annotation pdflastannot Returns the object number of last annotation created by pdfannot These two primitives allow user to create any annotation that cannot be created by pdfannotlink see below 4 6 Destinations and links pdfdest num num name name appearance Establish a destination for links and bookmark outlines the link must be ident
7. samples of pdfT X output can be found on the TUG Web server at http www tug org applications pdftex 14
8. DVI or PDF Positive value means PDF output otherwise DVI output This parameter cannot be specified after shipping out the first page In other words this parameter must be set before pdfT X ships out the first page if we want PDF output This is the only one parameter that must be set to produce PDF output All others are optional pdfcompresslevel n Integer parameter specifying the level of text compression via zlib Zero means no compression 1 means fastest 9 means best 2 8 means something in between A value out of this range will be adjusted to the nearest meaningfull value pdfpagewidth dimen pdfpageheight dimen Dimension parameters specifying the page width and page height of PDF output If not given then the page dimensions will be calculated as mentioned above pdfpagesattr tezt Token list parameter specifying optional attributes common for all pages of PDF output file These attributes can be MediaBox rectangle specifying the natural size of the page CropBox rectangle specifying the region of the page being displayed and printed Rotate number of degrees the page should be rotated clockwise when it is displayed or printed must be 0 or a multiple of 90 pdfpageattr tert this is similiar to pdfpageattr but it takes priority to the former one It can be used to overwrite any attributes given by pdfpagesattr for individual pages 4 2 The docu
9. The pdfT EX 0 12 user manual Sebastian Rahtz Han Th Thanh thanh informatics muni cz s rahtz elsevier co uk April 1998 1 Introduction The main purpose of the pdfT X project was to create an extension of TREX that could create PDF directly from TX source files and improve enhance the result of TREX typesetting with the help of PDF pdfT X contains T X as a subset When PDF output is not selected pdf TEX produces normal DVI output otherwise it produces PDF output that looks identical to the DVI output The next stage of the project apart from fixing any errors in the program is to investigate alternative justification algorithms possibly making use of multiple master fonts pdfIfX is based on the original TEX sources and web2c and has been successfully compiled on Unix Amiga Win32 and DOS systems It is still under beta development and all features are liable to change This manual was compiled by Sebastian Rahtz from notes and examples by Han Th Thanh Many thanks are due to members of the pdfT X mailing list most notably Hans Hagen whose questions and answers have contributed much to this manual 2 Getting started This section describes steps needed to get pdfTEX run on a system where pdf TEX is not installed Some TFX packages have already contained pdfT X as a part such as MikTeX Web2c for Win32 or teTEX where we need not to bother with pdfTEX instalation Note that installation descriptions in this manual
10. ary PostScript There are two ways to proceed with existing EPS files firstly convert them to PNG using programs like Image Magick Image Alchemy or Ghostscript or secondly try converting them to simple PDF If the picture has no special fonts the chances are quite good that Ghostscript s pdf writer will produce a file containing a single PDF object which can be included using pdfliteral commands this is managed by the standard TEX graphics package Other alternatives for graphics in pdfT X are 1 EXTRX picture mode since this is implemented simply in terms of font characters it works in exactly the same way as usual 2 Xy pic If the PostScript backend is not requested Xy pic uses its own Type 1 fonts and needs no special attention 3 tpic The tpic special commands used in some macro packages can be redefined to produce literal PDF using macros by Hans Hagen 4 MetaPost although the output of MetaPost is PostScript it is in a highly simplified form and a MetaPost to PDF conversion written by Hans Hagen and Tanmoy Bhattacharya is implemented as a set of macros which read MetaPost output and support all of its features 13 5 It is possible to insert a pure PDF file PDF that has only one page without fonts bitmaps or other resources using a macro package that reads the external PDF file line by line The two latter macro packages are part of CONTEXT supp pdf tex and supp mis tex but also
11. by n or refname user spec Perform user specified action Section 6 9 of the PDF manual explains the possibilities A typical use of this is to specify a URL e g S URI URI http www tug org pdfendlink Ends link all text between pdfannotlink and pdfendlink will be treated as part of this link pdfT X may break the result across lines or pages in which case it will make several links with the same content 4 7 Bookmarks pdfoutline action count count tert 11 Create a outline or bookmark entry The first parameter specificies the action to be taken and is the same as that allowed for pdfannotlink The count specifies the number of direct subentries under this entry 0 if this entry has no subentries in this case it may be omitted If the number is negative then all subentries will be closed and the absolute value of this number specifies the number of subentries The text is what will be shown in the outline window note that this is limited to characters in the PDFEncoding vector 4 8 Article threads pdfthread num num name name Start an article thread the corresponding pdfendthread must be in the box in the same depth as the box containing pdfthread All boxes in this depth level will be treated as part of this thread An identifier n or reframe must be specified threads with same identifier will be joined together pdfendthread Finish the cur
12. ified by either a number or a symbolic name and the way Acrobat is to display the page must be specified appearance must be one of 10 fit fit whole page in window fith fit whole width of page fitv fit whole height of page fitb fit whole Bounding Box page fitbh fit whole width of Bounding Box of page fitbv fit whole height of Bounding Box of page Xyz keep current zoom factor xyz can optionally be followed by zoom factor to provide a fixed zoom in The factor is like TEX magnification ie 1000 is the normal page view pdfannotlink height height depth depth attr attr action Start a hypertext link if the optional dimensions are not specified they will be calculated from the box containing the link The attributes explained in great detail in section 6 6 of the PDF manual determine the appearance of the link Typically this is used to specify the color and thickness of any border around the link Thus C 0 9 0 0 Border 0 0 2 specifies a color in RGB of dark red and a border thickness of 2 points The action can do many things some possibilities are page n Jump to page n goto num n goto name refname Jump to a point established as name with pdfdest goto file filename Open a local file this can be used with a name or num specification to point to a specific location on the file Thus goto file foo pdf namefintro thread num n thread name refname Jump to thread identified
13. ment info and catalog pdfinfofinfo keys This allows the user to add information to the document info section if this is provided it can be seen in Acrobat Reader with the menu option Document Information General The info keys parameter is a set of data pairs a key and a value The key names are preceded by a and the values are in parentheses all keys are optional The possible keys are Author CreationDate defaults to current date ModDate Creator defaults to TeX Producer defaults to pdfTeX Title Subject and Keywords CreationDate and ModDate are expressed in the form D YYYYMMDDhhmmss where YYYY is the year MM is the month DD is the day hh is the hour mm is the minutes and ss is the seconds Multiple apperances of pdfinfo will be concatenated to the only one If a key is given more than once then the first appearance will take priority An example of use of pdfinfo may look like pdf infof Title example pdf Creator TeX Producer pdfTeX Author Tom and Jerry CreationDate D 19980212201000 ModDate D 19980212201000 Subject Example Keywords pdfTeX pdfcatalog catalog keys openaction goto num num name name appearance Similar to the document info section is the document catalog where the available keys are URI which provides the base URL of the document and PageMode determines how Acrobat displays the document on startup The possibilities for
14. ng the level of text compression via zlib Zero means no compression 1 means fastest 9 means best 2 8 means something in between decimal_digits The number of decimal digits after the decimal point page_width page_height Dimension parameters specifying the page width and page height of PDF output If not specified then page width is calcu lated as width of the box being shiped out 2 x lin hoffset The page height is similar horigin vorigin Dimension parameters specifying the offset of the TEX output box from the top left corner of the paper map The name of the font mapping file similar to those used by many DVI to PostScript drivers more than one map file can be specified using multiple map lines If the name of the map file is prefixed with a its values are appended to the existing set otherwise they replace it A typical pdftex cfg file looks like this setting up output for A4 paper size and the standard T X offset of 1 inch and loading two map files for fonts output_format 1 compress_level 0 decimal_digits 2 page_width 210mm page_height 297mm horigin iin vorigin iin map standard map map cm map 2 7 Creating formats Formats for pdfTfX are created in the same way as for TEX For plain TEX and BTEX it looks like pdftex ini fmt pdftex plain dump pdftex ini fmt pdflatex latex 1tx The formats pdftex pdflatex or other formats should be placed in the TEXFORMATS path 2 8 Testing the i
15. nstallation Now we can test the installation pdftex example If the installation is ok this run should produce a file called example pdf The file example tex is also a good place to look how pdfT X new primitives are used 2 9 Common problems The most common problem with installation is pdfT X complains that some thing cannot be found In such case the best place to look edit is the file texmf cnf Also setting KPATHSEA_DEBUG 255 before running pdftex or running pdfTEX with option k 255 will cause pdfT X writes a lot of debugging information which may be useful to find out the troubles Variables in texmf cnf can be overwritten by enviroment variables Here are some most common problems with getting started I can t read tex pool bad path Probably TEXMFCNF is not set correctly or TEXPOOL in texmf cnf doesn t contain path to pool file pdftex pool You have to increase POOLSIZE Value of pool_size in texmf cnf must be increased If pool_size is not specified in texmf cnf then we can add something like pool_size 500000 I can t find the format file pdftex fmt or I can t find the format file pdflatex fmt Format is not created see above how to do that or is not properly placed Make sure that TEXFORMATS in texmf cnf contains path to pdftex fmt or pdflatex fmt pdfTgX cannot find config file pdftex cfg map files map encoding vectors enc virtual fonts Typel fonts
16. rent thread pdfthreadhoffset dimen pdfthreadvoffset dimen Specify thread margins 4 9 Miscellaneous pdfliteral pdf text Like special in normal T X this command inserts raw PDF code into the output This allows support of color and text transformation pdfobj stream text Similar to pdfliteral but the text is inserted as contents of an object If the optional keyword stream is given then the contents will be inserted as a stream pdflastobj 12 Returns the object number of the last object created by pdfobj These primitives provide a mechanism allowing inserting a user defined object to PDF output pdfversion Returns the version of pdfT X multiple by 100 e g for version 0 12x it returns 12 pdfrevision Returns the revision of pdfTE X e g for version 0 12x it returns x 5 Graphics and color Probably the biggest single usage problem with pdfT X at the present time is the inclusion of graphics The program only directly supports graphic inclusion in one bitmap format PNG Portable Network Graphics Two commonly used techniques are not available the inclusion of Encap sulated PostScript figures and the inclusion of raw PostScript commands the techique utilized by the pstricks package Although PDF is a direct descendant of PostScript it lacks any programming language commands and cannot deal with arbitr
17. s like so AcroReader can generate similiar instance if the font resource is not available on the target system pgsr8r GillSans 32 pgsr8a pfb 8r enc A TrueType font can be used in the same way as a Type 1 font verdana8r Verdana lt verdana ttf 8r enc A base font can also be reencoded phvr8r Helvetica 8r enc 3 2 TrueType fonts As mentioned above pdfT X can work with TrueType fonts Adding TrueType into map files is similar to Type 1 font The only extra thing to do with TrueType is to create TFM There is a program ttf2afm in pdfT X distribution which can be used to extract AFM from TrueType fonts Usage is simple ttf2afm lt ttf gt lt encoding gt ttf is the TrueType font file the optinal encoding specifies the encoding which is the same as encoding vector used in map files for pdfT X and dvips If the encoding is not given all the glyphs of the AFM output will be mapped to notdef ttf2afm writes the output AFM to standard output The rest is easy as we have AFM already If we need to know which glyphs are available in the font we can run ttf2afm without encoding to get all glyph names 4 New primitives There follows a short description of new primitives added by pdfT X One way to learn more about how to use these primitives is to have a look at the file example tex in the pdfT X distribution 4 1 Document setup pdfoutput n Integer parameter specifying whether the output format should be
18. use the first way Then we need to edit texmf cnf so pdfT X can find all necessary files Usually one has to edit TEXMFS and maybe some next When runing pdfT X some extra search paths are used beyond those normally requested by T X itself VFFONTS the path where pdfT X looks for virtual fonts T1FONTS the path where pdfT X looks for Typel fonts TTFONTS the path where pdfTFX looks for TrueType fonts PKFONTS the path where pdfT X looks for PK fonts TEXPSHEADERS the path where pdfT X looks for the configuration file pdftex cfg font mapping files map encoding files enc and PNG pictures 2 6 The pdfTI X configuration file When pdfT X starts apart from web2c configuration file it reads a pdfTpx configuration file called pdftex cfg searched for in the TEXPSHEADERS path As web2c systems commonly specify a private tree for pdf T X where configuration and map files are located this allows individual users or projects to maintain customized versions of the configuration file and means that specific TEX input files need not set any pdfT X specific macros The configuration file is used to set default values for the following parame ters all of which can be over ridden in the T X source file output_format Integer parameter specifying whether the output format should be DVI or PDF Positive value means PDF output otherwise DVI output compress_level Integer parameter specifyi
19. work with TEX and are distributed separately For new work the MetaPost route is highly recommended For the future Adobe have announced that they will define a specification for encapsulated PDF and this should solve some of the present difficulties 6 Macro packages supporting pdfT X e For TEX users Sebastian Rahtz hyperref package has substantial support for pdfT X and provides access to most of its features In the simplest case the user merely needs to load hyperref with a pdftex option and all cross references will be converted to PDF hypertext links PDF output is automatically selected text compression turned on and the page size is set up correctly Bookmarks are created to match the table of contents e The standard BTE X graphics and color packages have pdftex options which allow use of normal color text rotation and graphics inclusion commands Only PNG and MetaPost files can be included e The ConTRFXT macro package by Hans Hagen mailto pragma pi net has very full support for pdfT X in its generalized hypertext features e Hypertexted PDF from texinfo documents can be created with pdftexinfo tex which is a slight modification of the standard texinfo macros This is part of the pdfT X distribution e A similiar modification of the webmac called pdfwebmac tex allows production of hypertexted PDF versions of program written in WEB This is part of the pdfT X distribution Some nice
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