Home

R&S®FSV-K10x LTE DL Measurement

1. SENSe LTE DL DEMod AUTO State This command turns automatic demodulation for downlink signals on and off Parameters State ON OFF RST ON Signal Demodulation Example DL DEM AUTO ON Activates the auto demodulation for DL SENSe LTE DL DEMod BESTimation lt State gt This command turns boosting estimation for downlink signals on and off Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST ON Example DL DEM BEST ON Turns boosting estimation on SENSe LTE DL DEMod CBSCrambling State This command turns scrambling of coded bits for downlink signals on and off Parameters State ON OFF RST ON Example DL DEM CBSC ON Activate scrambling of coded bits SENSe LTE DL DEMod CESTimation Type This command selects the channel estimation type for downlink signals Parameters Type TGPP 3GPP EVM definition PIL Optimal pilot only PILP Optimal pilot and payload RST TGPP Example DL DEM CEST TGPP Use 3GPP EVM definition for channel estimation SENSe LTE DL DEMod EVMCalc lt Calculation gt This command selects the EVM calculation method for downlink signals Signal Demodulation Parameters lt Calculation gt TGPP 3GPP definition OTP Optimal timing position RST TGPP Example DL DEM EVMC TGPP Use 3GPP metho
2. 139 CONFigure L TE DL SUBFrame ssubframe ALLoc allocation RBCount 140 CONFigure L TE DL SUBFrame ssubframe ALLoc allocation RBOFfset 140 CONFiouret LTE D SUlBFrame subiramez Al Loc alocattonz UEID nee 140 CONFigure LTE DL CSUBframes lt NofSubframes gt This command selects the number of configurable subframes in the downlink signal Frame Configuration Parameters lt NofSubframes gt Range 0 to 39 RST 1 Example CONF DL CSUB 5 Sets the number of configurable subframes to 5 CONFigure LTE DL 5SUBFrame lt subframe gt ALCount lt NofAllocations gt This command defines the number of allocations in a downlink subframe Parameters lt NofAllocations gt lt numeric value gt RST 1 Example CONF DL SUBF2 ALC 5 Defines 5 allocations for subframe 2 CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame lt subframe gt ALLoc lt allocation gt CW lt Cwnum gt MODulation lt Modulation gt This command selects the modulation of an allocation in a downlink subframe Suffix lt Cwnum gt 1 n Selects the codeword Parameters Modulation QPSK QPSK modulation QAM16 16QAM modulation QAM64 64QAM modulation RST QPSK Example CONF DL SUBF2 ALL5 CW2 MOD QAM64 Selects a 64QAM modulation for the second codeword of alloca tion 5 in subframe 2 CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame lt subframe gt ALLoc lt allocation gt POWer Power T
3. sessi 100 FE TCh SUMMarv EVM DOP MANimum cece eee nennen nennen ennt nennen enne nnns 101 al Here Eiere el ur KEE 101 FEFIGh GUMMary EVMIDSQOPLAVERage reete EES te ete nen ex Re etx Re 101 FETCH SUMMary EVM DSS T MAXIMUM ener trn rene n 101 FETCh SUMMary EVMEDSST MINIID ac rtc taa dx a treten optat e n rere neta 101 FETCh SUMMary EVM DSST AVERage creen tette nn 101 FEITCh SUMMary EVNMEDSSP MAXIIIUINID a cia eor iu geet SEET 101 FE TCh SUMMarv EVM DSGE MiNImum cece aaien nennen enne enne 101 FETCh SUMMary EVMIDSSEDAVERage ette ine ran et nean ete ao 101 Numeric Result Query FETCh SUMMary EVM PCHannel MAXimum sisse en nnn 102 FETCH SUMMarnEVM PCHannel MINI addat runden a nn pcne 102 FETCh SUMMary EVM PCHannel AVERage 2 iiie duiecccuns ceci t eed n ens 102 FETCh SUMMary EVM PSIGnal MAXimut iniit ceni nenne nnn nna danh an ERKENNEN 102 FETCh SUMMany EVMIPSIORSEMIBNIIBETIT tices idein uote reir ea epe 102 FETCh SUMMary EVM PSIGnal AVERage Leere oet a eim kae oun se n aoo eaae e 102 FETChHGUMMary FERRoOE MAXI IW acta saei cie rettet a Ete veux E e tag EE EDD epu Domi c qus 102 FETCh SUMMary FERRor MINimum esses eene nennen nennt sinet 102 FEFICh SUMMary ele echte ir raidei ana EE rotate ene tenete 102 FE TCh SUMMarv GlM alance MA Ximum eene enne nennt nnns nnne nnn 103 FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance MINim
4. 5 4 3 Configuring ACLR Measurements The ACLR settings are part of the Spectrum tab of the General Settings dialog box General MIMO Advanced Trigger Spectrum ACLR Settings Assumed Adj Ch Carr EUTRA same BW Num of Tx Channels 1 Tx2 Bandwidth 10 MHz Tx2 Offset 10 MHz Noise Correction Sweep Time 500 ms Configuring Spectrum Measurements Assumed Adjacent Channel Carrier eene 61 Nutnber oet Ee ET 61 e ONSE UDE hoi ih EO Ue E eee ee CIR AIDE 61 ee ER le 61 Assumed Adjacent Channel Carrier Selects the assumed adjacent channel carrier for the ACLR measurement The supported types are EUTRA of same bandwidth 1 28 Mcps UTRA 3 84 Mcps UTRA and 7 68 Mcps UTRA Note that not all combinations of LTE Channel Bandwidth settings and Assumed Adj Channel Carrier settings are defined in the 3GPP standard Remote command SENSe POWer ACHannel AACHannel on page 129 Number of TX Channels Defines the number of transmission TX channels to include in ACLR measurements Measurements on one or two TX channels are supported For measurements on two TX channels you can additionally define the bandwidth of the second TX channel and the distance between the two TX channels For the second TX channel you can select the bandwidths as defined by 3GPP For more information see Channel Bandwidth Number of Resource Blocks on page 52 Remote command SENSe POWer ACHannel BANDwidth CHANnel2 on page 130
5. Defining the Signal Frequency For measurements with an RF input source you have to match the center frequency of the analyzer to the frequency of the signal Defining General Measurement Characteristics The available frequency range depends on the hardware configuration of the analyzer you are using Remote command Center frequency SENSe FREQuency CENTer on page 120 Channel Bandwidth Number of Resource Blocks Specifies the channel bandwidth and number of resource blocks RB The channel bandwidth and number of resource blocks RB are interdependent Cur rently the LTE standard recommends six bandwidths see table below The application also calculates the FFT size and sampling rate from the channel band width Those are read only Sample Rate MHz 3 84 7 68 15 36 30 72 30 72 FFT Size 256 512 1024 2048 2048 Remote command CONFigure LTE DL BW on page 118 Cyclic Prefix The cyclic prefix serves as a guard interval between OFDM symbols to avoid interfer ences The standard specifies two cyclic prefix modes with a different length each The cyclic prefix mode defines the number of OFDM symbols in a slot e Normal A slot contains 7 OFDM symbols e Extended A slot contains 6 OFDM symbols The extended cyclic prefix is able to cover larger cell sizes with higher delay spread of the radio channel e Auto The application automatically detects the cyclic prefix mode in use Remote command
6. FAILED Limit check has failed Example CALC LIM OOP OFFP Queries the results for the limit check during the signal Off peri ods Usage Query only Measurement Result Query CALCulate n LIMit k OOPower TRANsient Result This command queries the results of the limit check during the transient periods of the On Off power measurement Query parameters Result ALL Queries the overall limit check results FALLing Queries the limit check results of falling transients RISing Queries the limit check results of rising transients Return values lt OOPResults gt Returns one value for every Off period PASSED Limit check has passed FAILED Limit check has failed Example CALC LIM O0OP TRAN RIS Queries the limit check of rising transients Usage Query only CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion POWer RESult CURRent lt ResultType gt This command queries the current results of the ACLR measurement or the total signal power level of the SEM measurement To get a valid result you have to perform a complete measurement with synchroniza tion to the end of the measurement before reading out the result This is only possible for single sweeps Suffix lt m gt 1 Query parameters lt ResultType gt CPOW This parameter queries the channel power of the reference range 8 7 8 7 1 General Settings Return values lt Result gt SEMResults Power level in dBm ACLRResu
7. FETCh SUMMary EVM PCHannel MAXimum FETCh SUMMary EVM PCHannel MINimum FETCh SUMMary EVM PCHannel AVERage This command queries the EVM of all physical channel resource elements Return values lt EVM gt lt numeric value gt Minimum maximum or average EVM depending on the last command syntax element The unit is or dB depending on your selection Example FETC SUMM EVM PCH Returns the mean value Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary EVM PS IGnal MAXimum FETCh SUMMary EVM PSIGnal MINimum FETCh SUMMary EVM PSIGnal AVERage This command queries the EVM of all physical signal resource elements Return values lt EVM gt lt numeric value gt Minimum maximum or average EVM depending on the last command syntax element The unit is or dB depending on your selection Example FETC SUMM EVM PSIG Returns the mean value Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary FERRor MAXimum FETCh SUMMary FERRor MINimum FETCh SUMMary FERRor AVERage This command queries the frequency error Return values lt FreqError gt lt numeric value gt Minimum maximum or average frequency error depending on the last command syntax element Default unit Hz Example FETC SUMM FERR Returns the average frequency error in Hz Usage Query only Numeric Result Query FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance MAXimum FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance MINimum FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance AVERage This command queries the UO
8. RST 0 Example CONF DL PDCCH NOPD 3 Sets the number of DPCCHs to 3 CONFigure LTE DL PDCCh POWer lt Power gt This command defines the relative power of the PDCCH Parameters lt Power gt lt numeric value gt RST 0 dB Default unit DB Example CONF DL PDCCH POW 1 2 Sets the relative power to 1 2 dB CONFigure LTE DL PHICh DURation lt Duration gt This command selects the PHICH duration Parameters lt Duration gt NORM Normal EXT Extended RST NORM Example CONF DL PHIC DUR NORM Selects normal PHICH duration CONFigure LTE DL PHICh MITM lt State gt This command includes or excludes the use of the PHICH special setting for enhanced test models Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example CONF DL PHIC MITM ON Activates PHICH TDD m_i 1 E TM CONFigure LTE DL PHICh NGParameter lt Ng gt This command selects the method that determines the number of PHICH groups ina subframe Advanced Signal Characteristics Parameters lt Ng gt NG1 6 NG1 2 NG1 NG2 NGCUSTOM Select NGCUSTOM to customize Ng You can then define the variable as you like with CONFigure LTE DL PHICh NOGRoups RST NG1_6 Example CONF DL PHIC NGP NG1 6 Sets N to 1 6 The number fo PHICH groups in the subframe depends on the number of resource blocks CONF DL PHIC NGP NGCUSTOM Define a customized value for N CONF DL PHIC NOGR 5 Directly sets the number of PHICH groups in th
9. SWAPiq on page 125 5 5 2 Controlling the Input The input settings contain settings that control the input source The input settings are part of the Advanced Settings tab of the General Settings dialog box General MIMO ENZ Trigger Spectrum Input Settings Source RF Auto Level WA Auto Level Track Time 100 ms Ref Level 10 dBm RF Attenuation 10 dB For more information on reference level see Defining a Reference Level on page 53 For more information on signal attenuation see Attenuating the Signal on page 53 Selecting the Input SOURCE uc ee ert panded erre niet nea tere n a tee etuer eee 63 5 5 3 Defining Advanced Measurement Characteristics Selecting the Input Source The input source selects the source of the data you d like to analyze You can either analyze a live signal or a signal that has been recorded previously and whose charac teristics have been saved to a file You can select the input source from the Source dropdown menu e RF Captures and analyzes the data from the RF input of the spectrum analyzer in use e Baseband BB Captures and analyzes the data from the baseband input of the spectrum analyzer in use e Digital UO Captures and analyzes the data from the digital baseband input of the spectrum analyzer in use The digital baseband input is available with option R amp S FSV B17 For more information on using hardware option R amp S FSV B17 see the manual of the R amp S FSV Remote c
10. e the frequency shifts of the reference signal Remote command Cell Identity Group setting CONFigure LTE DL PLC CIDGroup on page 137 Cell Identity Group query FETCh PLC CIDGroup on page 100 Identity setting CONFigure LTE DL PLC PLID on page 137 Identity query FETCh PLC PLID on page 100 5 7 3 Configuring PDSCH Subframes The application allows you to configure individual subframes that are used to carry the information of the PDSCH The PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared Channel primarily carries all general user data It therefore takes up most of the space in a radio frame When you turn Auto Demodulation on the application automatically determines the subframe configuration for the PDSCH In the default state automatic configuration is on see Auto PDSCH Demodulation on page 65 DL Demod Meenas DL Adv Sig Config PDSCH Subframe Configuration Configurable Subframes 1 Selected Subframe 0 Used Allocations 1 Error in Subframes Every LTE frame FDD and TDD contains 10 subframes In TDD systems some sub frames are used by the uplink however Each downlink subframe consists of one or more resource allocations The application shows the contents for each subframe in the configuration table In the configuration table each row corresponds to one alloca tion ID Code Modulation Number Offset RhoA Confl IN RNTI Word of RB RB Power dB o Loes jo jo jode IL If the
11. Af 7 5 kHz case In the time domain a physical resource block consists of DL Nsymb consecutive OFDM symbols see figure 1 5 sm is equal to the number of OFDM sym bols in a slot The resource block size is the same for all bandwidths therefore the number of available physical resource blocks depends on the bandwidth Depending on the required data rate each UE can be assigned one or more resource blocks in each transmission time interval of 1 ms The scheduling decision is done in the base station eNodeB The user data is carried on the physical downlink shared channel PDSCH Downlink control signaling on the physical downlink control channel PDCCH is used to convey the scheduling decisions to individual UEs The PDCCH is located in the first OFDM symbols of a slot Downlink Reference Signal Structure and Cell Search The downlink reference signal structure is important for cell search channel estimation and neighbor cell monitoring figure 1 6 shows the principle of the downlink reference signal structure for one antenna two antenna and four antenna transmission Specific predefined resource elements in the time frequency domain carry the reference signal sequence Besides first reference symbols there may be a need for second reference symbols The different colors in figure 1 6 represent the sequences transmitted from up to four transmit antennas Long Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme One antenna ports Resou
12. Channel and Spectrum Flatness Difference For the Channel Flatness Difference result display the command returns one value for each trace point lt relative power gt The unit is always dB The number of values depends on the selected LTE bandwidth The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns the average power over all subframes e TRACE2 Returns the minimum power found over all subframes If you are analyzing a partic ular subframe it returns nothing e TRACE3 Returns the maximum power found over all subframes If you are analyzing a par ticular subframe it returns nothing Channel Group Delay For the Channel Group Delay result display the command returns one value for each trace point group delay Measurement Result Query The unit is always ns The number of values depends on the selected LTE bandwidth The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns the group delay 8 6 1 9 Constellation Diagram For the Constellation Diagram the command returns two values for each constellation point lt I SFO Sym0 Carrier1 gt lt Q SFO SymO Carrier1 gt lt I SFO Sym0 Carrier n gt Q SFO SymO Car rier n I SFO Sym1 Carrier1 lt Q SFO Sym1 Carrier1 gt lt I SFO Sym1 Carrier n gt Q SFO Sym1 Car rier n I SFO Sym n Carrier1 lt Q SFO Sym n Carrier1 gt lt I SFO Sym n Carrier n gt Q SFO Sym n Carr
13. FETCh SUMMary QUADerror MINimum FETCh SUMMary QUADerror AVERage This command queries the quadrature error Return values lt QuadError gt lt numeric value gt Minimum maximum or average quadrature error depending on the last command syntax element Default unit deg Example FETC SUMM QUAD Returns the current mean quadrature error in degrees Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary RSTP MAXimum FETCh SUMMary RSTP MINimum FETCh SUMMary RSTP AVERage This command queries the RSTP as shown in the result summary Return values lt RSTP gt RSTP in dBm Example FETC SUMM RSTP Queries the RSTP Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary SERRor MAXimum FETCh SUMMary SERRor MINimum FETCh SUMMary SERRor AVERage This command queries the sampling error Measurement Result Query Return values lt SamplingError gt lt numeric value gt Minimum maximum or average sampling error depending on the last command syntax element Default unit ppm Example FETC SUMM SERR Returns the current mean sampling error in ppm Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary TAE lt antid gt This command queries the time alignment error Suffix lt antid gt 1 n Number of the antenna you want to compare to antenna 1 Return values lt TimeAlignError gt Time alignment error of antenna 1 and another antenna Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary TFRame This command queries the sub frame start offset as show
14. LTE FRAMe COUNt AUTO on page 123 5 2 4 Configuring On Off Power Measurements The On Off power measurement settings define characteristics of On Off power meas urements The On Off measurement settings are part of the General tab of the General Set tings dialog box MIMO Advanced Trigger Spectrum ON OFF Measurement Settings Num Frames to Analyze 25 Noise Correction Number OF SIE 55 Breed SEENEN REESEN a aa Tere pde aE aaa 56 Number of Frames Defines the number of frames that are averaged to calculate a reliable power trace for On Off Power measurements Remote command CONFigure LTE OOPower NFRames on page 124 Defining General Measurement Characteristics Noise Correction Turns noise correction for On Off Power measurements on and off Remote command SENSe LTE OOPower NCORrection on page 124 5 2 5 Triggering Measurements The trigger settings contain settings that control triggered measurements The trigger settings are part of the Trigger tab of the General Settings dialog box General MIMO Advanced Trigger Spectrum Trigger Settings Trigger Mode Free Run Trigger Offset Os Auto Gating P Trig Holdoff 150 ns Trig Hysteresis 3 dB Trigger Level 0 For more information also see Auto Gating in the Spectrum tab of the General Set tings dialog box Configuring the Kee te crisis nna i cei r t miae 56 Configuring the Trigger A trigger all
15. CAL Culate nz LUlMitzks OObowerOFtbower 116 CAL Culate nz LUlMitzks OObBowerTRANsient 117 CAL Culate nzM AbkerzmzFUNGCHon POWer RE Gud CUpRent 117 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt ACPower ACHannel RESult lt Result gt This command queries the limit check results for the adjacent channels during ACLR measurements Measurement Result Query Return values lt LimitCheck gt Returns two values one for the upper and one for the lower adjacent channel PASSED Limit check has passed FAILED Limit check has failed Example CALC LIM ACP ACH RES ALL Queries the results of the adjacent channel limit check Usage Query only CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt ACPower ALTernate RESult lt Result gt This command queries the limit check results for the alternate channels during ACLR measurements Return values lt LimitCheck gt Returns two values one for the upper and one for the lower alternate channel PASSED Limit check has passed FAILED Limit check has failed Example CALC LIM ACP ALT RES ALL Queries the results of the alternate channel limit check Usage Query only CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt O0OPower OFFPower This command queries the results of the limit check in the Off periods of On Off Power measurements Return values lt OOPResults gt Returns one value for every Off period PASSED Limit check has passed
16. CONFigure LTE DL CYCPrefix on page 119 5 2 2 Configuring the Input Level The level settings contain settings that control the input level of the analyzer The level settings are part of the General tab of the General Settings dialog box Defining General Measurement Characteristics IESSE Advanced Trigger Spectrum Level Settings Ref Level RF Auto Level 10 dBm Ext Att 0 dB Defining a Reference Level 2 iei eerie eene kenne tne tke ten eek Eun aurora 53 Pitenuaung Me SIGH A cioe a mete ri eer eee toda e debt er aede 53 Defining a Reference Level The reference level is the power level the analyzer expects at the RF input Keep in mind that the power level at the RF input is the peak envelope power in case of signals with a high crest factor like LTE To get the best dynamic range you have to set the reference level as low as possible At the same time make sure that the maximum signal level does not exceed the refer ence level If it does it will overload the A D converter regardless of the signal power Measurement results may deteriorate e g EVM This applies especially for measure ments with more than one active channel near the one you are trying to measure 6 MHz Note that the signal level at the A D converter may be stronger than the level the appli cation displays depending on the current resolution bandwidth This is because the resolution bandwidths are implemented digitally after th
17. Co T 001 000 mr Be Ah ae p Cl SC CO a 002 The rows in the table represent the allocations with allocation ALL being a special allo cation that summarizes all allocations that are part of the subframe A set of allocations form a subframe The subframes are separated by a dashed line The columns of the table contain the following information E E INE NN ANS E User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 46 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays e Subframe Shows the subframe number e Allocation ID Shows the type ID of the allocation e Number of RB Shows the number of resource blocks assigned to the current PDSCH allocation e Rel Power dB Shows the relative power of the allocation Note that no power is calculated for the PHICH if Boosting Estimation has been turned on For more information see PHICH Rel Power e Modulation Shows the modulation type e Power per RE dBm Shows the power of each resource element in dBm e EVM Shows the EVM of the allocation The unit depends on your selection Remote command Selecting the result display CALCulate lt n gt FEED STAT ASUM Querying results TRACe DATA Bit Stream Starts the Bit Stream result display This result display shows the demodulated data stream for each data allocation Depending on the Bit Stream Format the numbers represent either bits bit order or symbols symbol order Selecting symbol format shows the bit stream a
18. LTE OOPower ATIMing on page 98 User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 33 Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude EVM 4 3 Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude EVM This chapter contains information on all measurements that show the error vector mag nitude EVM of a signal The EVM is one of the most important indicators for the quality of a signal For more information on EVM calculation methods refer to chapter 3 Measurement Basics on page 19 EVM Y5 OalTIol torii diae peni de Ere ce nde E stone Be eae dee Ra eL LEER bere s ea dec 34 EVIM V6 xus 35 Frequency Emon vs Symbol eter ea eate tre esae mE Pen UA RRaE D nilaae 36 EVM YS SUDIFAIIG enel aeter teo tee ornata ier ten ite Ep enda nt E EEEE enue ddr RES 36 EVM YS c UR 37 EVM vs Carrier Starts the EVM vs Carrier result display This result display shows the Error Vector Magnitude EVM of the subcarriers With the help of a marker you can use it as a debugging technique to identify any subcarri ers whose EVM is too high The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over the resource ele ments for each subcarrier This average subcarrier EVM is determined for each ana lyzed subframe in the capture buffer If you analyze all subframes the result display contains three traces e Average EVM This trace shows the subcarrier EVM averaged over all subframes e Minimum EVM This tra
19. SENSe POWer ACHannel SPACing CHANnel on page 130 SENSe POWer ACHannel TXCHannels COUNt on page 130 Noise Correction Turns noise correction on and off Note that the input attenuator makes a clicking noise after each sweep if you are using the noise correction in combination with the auto leveling process Remote command SENSe POWer NCORrection on page 131 Sweep Time Defines a sweep time for ACLR measurements A longer sweep time may increase the probability that the measured value converges to the true value of the adjacent channel power but obviously increases measurement time Remote command SENSe SWEep TIME on page 124 Defining Advanced Measurement Characteristics 5 5 Defining Advanced Measurement Characteristics The Advanced settings contain parameters to configure more complex measurement setups e Controlling Dale duse rca Hr eater A E N i 62 QContrlling ie IUE oiii ne atten Reti REO t ER Er EDeaa d duda Rs 62 e Configuring the Digital VQ Implant me tre edie 63 5 5 1 Controlling UO Data The I Q settings contain settings that control the UO data flow The I Q settings are part of the Advanced Settings tab of the General Settings dia log box General MIMO Spectrum IQ Settings Swap IQ riis o M 62 Swap UO Swaps the real I branch and the imaginary Q branch parts of the signal Remote command SENSe
20. The EUTRA LTE measurement application makes use of the UO capture functionality of the following spectrum and signal analyzers to enable EUTRA LTE TX measure ments conforming to the EUTRA specification e R amp S FSV This manual contains all information necessary to configure perform and analyze such measurements Installing the SOfIWAIB i i rt nre itat cce dca ta Erde 16 e Application Overview sss ennemis nennen nennen nennen 16 SUPP OM c HU 18 2 1 Installing the Software For information on the installation procedure see the release notes of the R amp S FSV 2 2 Application Overview Starting the application Access the application via the Mode menu P Press the MODE key and select LTE Note that you may have to browse through the Mode menu with the More soft key to find the LTE entry Second LTE channel The application provides a second LTE channel that you can access via the Mode menu with the softkey labeled LTE2 This second channel has the same functionality as the LTE channel You can use it to perform measurements on two LTE channels with a different configuration for example to test carrier aggregation Presetting the software When you first start the software all settings are in their default state After you have changed any parameter you can restore the default state with the PRESET key CONFigure PRESet on page 155 R amp S FSV K10x L
21. lt Subframes gt This command sets the number of frames you want to analyze Parameters lt Subframes gt lt numeric value gt RST 1 Example FRAM COUN STAT ON FRAM COUN AUTO OFF Activates manual input of frames to be analyzed FRAM COUN 20 Analyzes 20 frames SENSe LTE FRAMe COUNt AUTO State This command turns automatic selection of the number of frames to analyze on and off Parameters lt State gt ON Selects the number of frames to analyze according to the LTE standard OFF Turns manual selection of the frame number on Example FRAM COUN AUTO ON Turns automatic selection of the analyzed frames on SENSe L TE FRAMe COUNt STATe State This command turns manual selection of the number of frames you want to analyze on and off Parameters State ON You can set the number of frames to analyze OFF The R amp S FSV analyzes a single sweep RST ON Example FRAM COUN STAT ON Turns manual setting of number of frames to analyze on 8 7 4 8 8 MIMO Setups SENSe SWEep TIME lt CaptLength gt This command sets the capture time When you are performing an ACLR measurement the command defines the sweep time Parameters lt CaptLength gt Numeric value in seconds Default unit s Example SWE TIME 40ms Defines a capture time of 40 milliseconds Configuring On Off Power Measurements CONFigure L TE OObowerNtRames eene nennen estne rrn rrr rr nnn nnn
22. 0814 02 05 38 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays Spectrum Mask Starts the Spectrum Emission Mask SEM result display The Spectrum Emission Mask measurement shows the quality of the measured signal by comparing the power values in the frequency range near the carrier against a spec tral mask that is defined by the 3GPP specifications In this way you can test the per formance of the DUT and identify the emissions and their distance to the limit In the diagram the SEM is represented by a red line If any measured power levels are above that limit line the test fails If all power levels are inside the specified limits the test is passed The application labels the limit line to indicate whether the limit check has passed or failed The x axis represents the frequency with a frequency span that relates to the specified EUTRA LTE channel bandwidths On the y axis the power is plotted in dBm B Spectrum Emission Mask Category 3 50 MHz div A table above the result display contains the numerical values for the limit check at each check point e Start Stop Freq Rel Shows the start and stop frequency of each section of the Spectrum Mask relative to the center frequency e RBW Shows the resolution bandwidth of each section of the Spectrum Mask e Freq at Ato Limit Shows the absolute frequency whose power measurement being closest to the limit line for the corresponding frequency segment e
23. 20MHz with either 1 4MHz 3MHz 5MHz 10MHz or 15MHZ Example MMEM LOAD TMOD DL E TM2 10MHz Selects test model 2 for a 10 MHz bandwidth Usage Setting only List of Commands SENSe POWerSEM USERMIC siese onrad earair EDAT AN AEE CEATA ETATEN ENEA EE ASEET aa 131 ISENS FRE QUENCV CENT E 120 SENS FRE QU ney SPAN EE 129 SENSeEPOWer ACHanneLAACbHAaririel 1 ontario rt vni tiet E dere 129 SENSe POWer ACHannel BANDwidth CHANnel2 essere nnne eene neret 130 SENSe POWer ACHanne l SPACing CHANnel ertet tr tnter nnn ner 130 SENSe POWer ACHannel TXCHannels COUNLE aoreet tnnt rnit re then rn ath nna in 130 SENSeEPOWer AUTOSinstr mert EE 122 SENSeE POWer AUTO instrument S TATe ier terr rne tpe err nne 122 SENSe POWer NCORrection SENSe POWer SEM CATegory SENSE POWE SEM CEHBS AMPBOWEE iter roni rene rne n e tue ea aerea Rega rx EAR 131 SENSO ES WAP IQ ek ssict 125 ISENS SWESp EGATE AUTO m M 132 EI ER 124 EI ERC dr e ECH RN KEE 98 SENSe LTE ALLocation SELect 146 SENSe EETETEGARRIer SELeCL ettet rente ter eren e e i rr an de rr e X Eee 147 SENSe E LE TEEDE DEMOG AUT Q ioco tote err ttp e eret ta ene rr eb inner ene i e raa 132 SENSe E TEE RI Ren UE 133 SENSE E TEE DE DE
24. 70 multicarrier filter 67 Number of RB D2 P SYNC relative power sO ioi AE 76 E Us E abr e 53 relative power w l9 S SYNC relative power s Scrambling of coded bits ee 65 Selected Subfraime ceie torre eer ree ear rene 71 fell ERES 63 Standard En PE 51 gem 62 TDD UL DL Allocations 69 BIET n nro RR RT 67 heel EE 56 Brus c 56 Trigger offset Used Allocations sesssseee 71 Softkey Const Selection nic m petra ect DEENEN dE 83 Marker 1 n80 Source Input 22163 Spectrum mask sei OD Standard Selection 2551 e UR 17 Subframe Configuration Table suussss 71 Subtrame EMOT ir eint rere ev ec dee oer 71 Suffixes Remote commands Swap He EE T TDD UL DL Allocations ssseseen 69 Timing Error m Quir Me MIC Trigger level Trigger mode Trigger offset U Used Allocations ritenere ttn EEEE 71 Using the Marker 3 ree rrt tt lerra oen eo ean 85
25. A to Limit Shows the distance between the trace and the limit line of the trace point with the lowest distance to the limit line in dB e Falling Transition Period Shows the length of the falling transient e Rising Transition Period Shows the length of the rising transient Note that the beginning and end of a transition period is determined based on the Off Power Density Limit This limit is defined by 3GPP in TS 36 141 as the maxi mum allowed mean power spectral density The length of the transient from on to off period is for example the distance from the detected end of the subframe to the last time that the signal power is above the measured mean power spectral density power time Fig 4 3 Power profile of an TD LTE On to Off transition The transition lasts from the end of the OFF period until the signal is completely below the Off Power Density limit 1 subframe on power period 2 transient transition length 3 off power density limit 4 off power period Results that comply to the limits are displayed in green Any results that violate the lim its defined by 3GPP are displayed in red Graphic results The lower part of the result display shows a graphical representation of the analyzed TDD frame s R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays B ON OFF Power Off Power Density limit 55 0dBm MHz Timing Adjust Passed 1 00 ms div The diagram contai
26. BSTR Unit This command selects the way the bit stream is displayed Parameters Unit SYMbols Displays the bit stream using symbols BITs Displays the bit stream using bits RST SYMbols Example UNIT BSTR BIT Bit stream gets displayed using Bits 8 15 3 Measurement Result Analysis UNIT EVM lt Unit gt This command selects the EVM unit Parameters lt Unit gt DB EVM results returned in dB PCT EVM results returned in RST PCT Example UNIT EVM PCT EVM results to be returned in Using Markers CAL Culate nz M AbkercmzAOEtE 149 CAL Culate nzM Abkercm MANimumf PDEAK 149 CALCulate n MARKer m MlNimum PEAK eese nnne nnne 149 CALCulate n MARKer m STATe essere rhe net enne 150 CAL CulatesmsMARKersm FRAG EE 150 GAL Gulate sm MARKerem X iiec sco n eem eese te Ei doris eese ii aded see EEE 150 GALGulate n MARKer sImIm Y wiccccesceccecceasccdaecanssnasendeatasaseccaeasndecadeaccue Pea A RRR Sa IR OG rd D qns 151 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt AOFF This command turns all markers and delta markers off Suffix lt m gt 1 Example CALC MARK AOFF Turns off all markers Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum PEAK This command positions a marker on the peak value of the trace Suffix lt m gt 1 n Example CALC MARK2 MAX Positions marker 2 on the trace peak Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt M
27. DSP involves several stages until the software can pres ent results like the EVM Data Capture Synchronizati pec W E UTRA LTE downlink Channel estimation equalization measurement application Analysis The contents of this chapter are structered like the DSP The LTE Downlink Analysis Measurement Application The block diagram in figure 3 1 shows the EUTRA LTE downlink measurement appli cation from the capture buffer containing the UO data to the actual analysis block The outcome of the fully compensated reference path green are the estimates of the transmitted data symbols au Depending on the user defined compensation the received samples r of the measurement path yellow still contain the transmitted signal impairments of interest The analysis block reveals these impairments by com paring the reference and the measurement path Prior to the analysis diverse synchro nization and channel estimation tasks have to be accomplished Synchronization The first of the synchronization tasks is to estimate the OFDM symbol timing which coarsely estimates both timing and carrier frequency offset The frame synchronization block determines the position of the P S Sync symbols in time and frequency by using the coarse fractional frequency offset compensated capture buffer and the timing esti mate Lee to position the window of the FFT If no P S Sync is available in the signal the reference signal is used for synchronization T
28. Demod Softkey Pressing the softkey once opens the General Settings dialog box The Gen label in the softkey turns orange to indicate an active General Settings dialog box Pressing the softkey again opens the Demod Settings dialog box When the Demod Settings dialog box is active the Demod label in the softkey turns orange In the General Settings dialog box you can set all parameters that are related to the overall measurement The dialog box is made up of three tabs one for general set tings one for MIMO settings and one for advanced settings By default the General tab is the active one In the Demod Settings dialog box you can set up the measurement in detail e g the demodulation configuration The dialog box is made up of three tabs one for configur ing the signal configuration one for setting up the frame configuration and one for con figuring the control channels and miscellaneous settings By default the DL Demod tab is the active one You can switch between the tabs by touching the tab on the touchscreen or with the cursor keys e Performing Measurements eene nnne ns nnn ennen nnne 49 e Defining General Measurement Charachertstice 50 Gonf uringiMIMO Re 57 e Configuring Spectrum Measurements enne 58 e Defining Advanced Measurement Charachertstcs E 62 e Configuring the Signal Demodulation ona toe ennt nne enn 64 e Configuring Downlink Frames n Lorie ere trou aa EE EES 68 e Defining Ad
29. MIMO decoder RST BMD Example LOC SEL AMD Use data from after the MIMO decoder SENSe LTE MODulation SELect lt Modulation gt This command filters the displayed results in the constellation diagram by a particular type of modulation Parameters lt Modulation gt ALL Shows the results for all modulation types lt numeric_value gt Shows the results for a particular modulation type Modulation types are mapped to numeric values For the code assignment see chapter 8 6 1 20 Return Value Codes on page 114 RST ALL Example MOD SEL 3 Shows the results for all elements with a 16QAM modulation Measurement Result Analysis SENSe LTE SUBFrame SELect lt Subframe gt This command selects the subframe to be analyzed Parameters lt Subframe gt ALL lt numeric value gt ALL Select all subframes 0 39 Select a single subframe RST ALL Example SUBF SEL ALL Select all subframes for analysis SENSe L TE SYMBol SELect Symbol This command filters the displayed results in the constellation diagram by a particular OFDM symbol Parameters Symbol ALL Shows the results for all subcarriers numeric value Shows the results for a particular OFDM symbol RST ALL Example SYMB SEL 2 Shows the results for the second OFDM symbol 8 15 2 Selecting Units Eh pps cup ES 148 UNIT EVM is HO 149 UNIT
30. NONE RST ALL Example CONF DL SYNC ANT ALL All antennas are used to transmit the P SYNC and S SYNC Advanced Signal Characteristics CONFigure LTE DL SYNC PPOWer lt Power gt This command defines the relative power of the P SYNC Parameters lt Power gt lt numeric value gt RST 0 dB Default unit DB Example CONF DL SYNC PPOW 0 5 Sets a relative power of 0 5 dB CONFigure LTE DL SYNC SPOWer lt Power gt This command defines the relative power of the S SYNC Parameters lt Power gt lt numeric value gt RST 0 dB Default unit DB Example CONF DL SYNC SPOW 0 5 Sets a relative power of 0 5 dB 8 14 4 Configuring the Control Channel CONFiguire L TEE RECKEN ENEE ERENNERT 142 CON Figure LTE DL PBO STA EE 143 GONFigureDETEEDEPOEIGhIPONMWNGE EE 143 CONFigu re LTE DLIPCFICN STAT pianinai paaien NENNEN aiaiai iiaia 143 CONFigure E TE DL PDCC FORMA necs ienna Et AEE 143 GONFigure L TEEDE PDOQD NGOBD iieri iioc ea naaa deret dete ieee 143 GONFigure ETEEDE PBOORIPONWMGE Eeer 144 CONFigure E TEEDLE PHICh DU RaltiOn eie cient tonat Puta ko zoo hkan ntm iR enn bo da a 144 EE Le EE EI elen lu EE 144 CONFigure LTE DL PHICh NGParametel 2 2 cseeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeenecenaneneaaaeaeaeneneeeenenens 144 CONFigure LTE DL PHICh NOGROUDS ceceeeceeeecceneeenenensaeaeaeaeaeaetereneretereneneneneae 145 GONFPigure ETEEDESPEI
31. Power Abs Shows the absolute measured power of the frequency whose power is closest to the limit The application evaluates this value for each frequency segment e Power Rel Shows the distance from the measured power to the limit line at the frequency whose power is closest to the limit The application evaluates this value for each frequency segment e AtoLimit Shows the minimal distance of the tolerance limit to the SEM trace for the corre sponding frequency segment Negative distances indicate the trace is below the tolerance limit positive distances indicate the trace is above the tolerance limit User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 39 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays A Spectrum Emis Start Freq Rel 15h 15 50 MHz Remote command Selecting the result display CALCulate lt n gt FEED SPEC SEM Querying results TRACe DATA ACLR Starts the Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio ACLR measurement The ACLR measurement analyzes the power of one or two transmission channels and the power of the two neighboring channels adjacent channels to the left and right of the TX channels If you analyze two TX channels these have to be next to each other The distance between the two TX channels is variable and is defined as a TX offset The TX channels are labeled CO and CuO in the diagram In case of two TX channels the lower adjacent channels cl1 and cl2 are to the left of the first TX channel The
32. Represents the allocation ID The range is as follows e 0 65535 PDSCH e 1 Invalid not used e 2 All e 3 P SYNC e 4 S SYNC e 5 Reference Signal Antenna 1 e 6 Reference Signal Antenna 2 e 7 Reference Signal Antenna 3 e 8 Reference Signal Antenna 4 e 9 PCFICH e 10 PHICH e 11 PDCCH e 12 PBCH channel type e 0 TX channel e 1 adjacent channel e 2 alternate channel lt modulation gt Represents the modulation scheme The range is 0 8 e 0 unrecognized e 1 RBPSK e 2 QPSK e 3 16QAM e 4 64QAM e 5 8PSK e 6 PSK e 7 mixed modulation 8 6 2 Measurement Result Query e 8 BPSK number of symbols or bits In hexadecimal mode this represents the number of symbols to be transmitted In binary mode it represents the number of bits to be transmitted PHICH duration Represents the PHICH duration The range is 1 2 e 1 normal e 2 extended PHICH resource Represents the parameter N The range is 1 4 e 1 N 1 6 e 2 N 1 2 e 3 N 1 e 4 N 2 TRACe DATA lt Result gt This command returns the trace data for the current measurement or result display For more information see chapter 8 6 1 Using the TRACe DATA Command on page 105 Query parameters TRACE1 TRACE2 TRACE3 LIST Usage Query only Reading Results CAL Culate nz LUlMitcks ACPBowerACHannelbREzur 115 CAL Culate nz LUlMitcks ACBower Al TemateREGuit 116
33. The UO imbalance estimation makes it possible to evaluate the modulator gain balance 1 AQ 3 6 and the quadrature mismatch arg 1 AQ 8 7 based on the complex valued estimate 4 Other measurement variables Without going into detail the EUTRA LTE downlink measurement application addition ally provides the following results e Total power e Constellation diagram e Group delay e UO offset e Crest factor e Spectral flatness 3 4 Performing Time Alignment Measurements The measurement application allows you to perform Time Alignment measurements between different antennas You can perform this measurement in 2 or 4 Tx antenna MIMO setups The result of the measurement is the Time Alignment Error The Time Alignment Error is the time offset between a reference antenna for example antenna 1 and another antenna Performing Time Alignment Measurements The Time Alignment Error results are summarized in the Result Summary A schematic description of the results is provided in figure 3 2 Tx Antenna 1 Reference Time Tx Antenna 2 Time Tx Antenna 2 Time Alignment Error 43 1 LTE Frame Start Indicator Time Tx Antenna 2 Time Alignm ent Error A4 1 Time Fig 3 2 Time Alignment Error 4 Tx antennas Test setup Successful Time Alignment measurements require a correct test setup A typical hardware test setup is shown in figure 3 3 Note that the dashed connection are only
34. all 16QAM modulated resource elements of the PDSCH channel in the analyzed frame FETCh SUMMary EVM DSST AVERage on page 101 EVM PDSCH 64QAM Shows the EVM for all 64QAM modulated resource elements of the PDSCH channel in the analyzed frame FETCh SUMMary EVM DSSF AVERage on page 101 Time Alignment Error 2 1 Shows the timing difference in MIMO setups between antenna 1 and another 3 1 4 1 antenna 2 3 or 4 FETCh SUMMary TAE lt antid gt on page 105 By default all EVM results are in 96 To view the EVM results in dB change the EVM Unit The second part of the table shows results that refer to a specifc selection of the frame The statistic is always evaluated over the subframes The header row of the table contains information about the selection you have made like the subframe uum EP EL INE NN NS ON UU User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 28 EVM All EVM Phys Channel EVM Phys Signal Frequency Error Sampling Error UO Offset UO Gain Imbalance UO Quadrature Error RSTP OSTP Power Crest Factor Numerical Results Shows the EVM for all resource elements in the analyzed frame FETCh SUMMary EVM ALL AVERage on page 100 Shows the EVM for all physical channel resource elements in the analyzed frame A physical channel corresponds to a set of resource elements carrying infor mation from higher layers PDSCH PBCH or PDCCH for example are physi cal channels For more information see
35. an UTRA signal with a bandwidth of 7 68MHz as assumed adjacent channel carrier RST EUTRA Example POW ACH AACH UTRA384 Selects an UTRA signal with a bandwidth of 3 84MHz as assumed adjacent channel carrier Spectrum Measurements SENSe POWer ACHannel BANDwidth CHANnel2 lt Bandwidth gt This command defines the channel bandwidth of the second TX channel in ACLR measurements Before you can use the command you have to select two TX channels for the ACLR measurement with SENSe POWer ACHannel TXCHannels COUNt on page 130 Note that you have to add a suffix with the value 2 at the CHANnel syntax element Parameters Bandwidth Bandwidth of the second TX channel in Hz Supported LTE bandwidths are listed in the description of CONFigure LTE DL BW on page 118 Example POW ACH TXCH COUN 2 POW ACH BAND CHAN2 BW15 00 Defines a bandwidth of 15 MHz for the second TX channel SENSe POWer ACHannel SPACing CHANnel Distance This command defines the distance between the first and the second TX channel for ACLR measurements Before you can use the command you have to select two TX channels for the ACLR measurement with SENSe POWer ACHannel TXCHannels COUNt on page 130 Parameters Distance Distance from the center of the first TX channel to the center of the second TX channel in Hz Example POW ACH TXCH COUN 2 POW ACH SPAC CHAN 10MHZ Defines a channel spacing of 10 MHz SENSe P
36. e nnn e be cH TA Ra tdg 19 LEE UI M HT 20 e The LTE Downlink Analysis Measurement Application sess 20 e Performing Time Alignment Measurements 23 e Performing Transmit On Off Power Measurements 25 3 1 Symbols and Variables The following chapters use various symbols and variables in the equations that the measurements are based on The table below explains these symbols for a better understanding of the measurement principles Em data symbol actual decided Dix boosting factor Af Af eer carrier frequency offset between transmitter and receiver actual coarse estimate Afres residual carrier frequency offset C relative sampling frequency offset His 8 e channel transfer function actual estimate i time index coarse hine timing estimate coarse fine k subcarrier index OFDM symbol index Nr length of FFT Ng number of samples in cyclic prefix guard interval Ns number of Nyquist samples Nre number of resource elements n subchannel index subframe index WI noise sample o common phase error r i received sample in the time domain fiks Fik Pk received sample uncompensated partially compen sated equalized in the frequency domain 3 2 3 3 3 3 1 Overview T useful symbol time Ta guard time Ts symbol time Overview The digital signal processing
37. from the test setup Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PCFich STAT on page 143 PCFICH Relative Power Defines the power of the PCFICH relative to the reference signal Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PCFich POWer on page 143 Configuring the PHICH The physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel PHICH contains the hybrid ARQ indicator The hybrid ARQ indicator contains the acknowledgement negative acknowledgments for uplink blocks You can set several specific parameters for the PHICH Turning off the PHICH If you set the value of the PHICH N to Custom and at the same time define 0 PHICH groups the PHICH is excluded from the signal Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics DL Demod DL Frame Contig PHICH Duration Normal TDD m_i 1 E TM PHICH N_g 1 6 Number of Groups 0 Rel Power 3 01 dB Gelee TL Em 78 PHICH TDB im 191 NO incite ette e ct tt nte tete 78 PATIN Mo 78 PHICH Number of Ee 79 PHIGHARGWP OWEN e t 79 PHICH Duration Selects the duration of the PHICH Normal and extended duration are supported With a normal duration all resource element groups of the PHICH are allocated on the first OFDM symbol With an extended duration the resource element groups of the PHICH are distributed over three OFDM symbols for a normal subframe or over two symbols within a special subframe If you select Auto the duration of PHICH is automatically determined and based on the PBCH decoding results N
38. gain imbalance Return values lt Gainlmbalance gt lt numeric value gt Minimum maximum or average UO imbalance depending on the last command syntax element Default unit dB Example FETC SUMM GIMB Returns the current gain imbalance in dB Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary IQOFfset MAXimum FETCh SUMMary IQOFfset MINimum FETCh SUMMary IQOFfset AVERage This command queries the UO offset Return values lt lQOffset gt lt numeric value gt Minimum maximum or average UO offset depending on the last command syntax element Default unit dB Example FETC SUMM IQOF Returns the current IQ offset in dB Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary OSTP MAXimum FETCh SUMMary OSTP MINimum FETCh SUMMary OSTP AVERage This command queries the OSTP Return values lt OSTP gt lt numeric value gt Minimum maximum or average OSTP depending on the last command syntax element Default unit dBm Example FETC SUMM OSTP Returns the current average OSTP value Usage Query only Numeric Result Query FETCh SUMMary POWer MAXimum FETCh SUMMary POWer MINimum FETCh SUMMary POWer AVERage This command queries the total power Return values lt Power gt lt numeric value gt Minimum maximum or average power depending on the last command syntax element Default unit dBm Example FETC SUMM POW Returns the total power in dBm Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary QUADerror MAXimum
39. multiple access schemes on the air interface orthogonal frequency division multiple access OFDMA in downlink and single carrier frequency division multiple access SC FDMA in uplink Furthermore MIMO antenna schemes form an essential part of LTE In an attempt to simplify protocol architecture LTE brings some major changes to the exist ing UMTS protocol concepts Impact on the overall network architecture including the core network is being investigated in the context of 3GPP system architecture evolu tion SAE e Requirements for UMTS Long Term Evolutton 7 e Long Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme eese 9 REICIONCOS RON LOT IET 14 1 4 Requirements for UMTS Long Term Evolution LTE is focusing on optimum support of packet switched PS services Main require ments for the design of an LTE system are documented in 3GPP TR 25 913 1 and can be summarized as follows User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 7 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Introduction e Data Rate Peak data rates target 100 Mbps downlink and 50 Mbps uplink for 20 MHz spectrum allocation assuming two receive antennas and one transmit antenna are at the terminal e Throughput The target for downlink average user throughput per MHz is three to four times better than Release 6 The target for uplink average user throughput per MHz is two to three times better than Release 6 e Spectrum efficiency The downlink target is thre
40. nennen 130 SENS POWeriNCORFGGHOD siriasi diinan rre e kae hu tk Poder n hauc Co lo apaa RR A Re reds 131 SENSE POWer SEM ICATGBSGRy EE 131 SENSeE POWer SEM CHBS AMPOWAL 1 22 zat ut eec ee etae eva ad co eva RR P ENEE 131 E Ee e E UE 131 SENSES WEED EGA TS AUTOS uester ara ule iet dt ve eee eee d ma ed dte a ona 132 Spectrum Measurements MMEMory LOAD SEMsettings lt FileName gt This command loads a custom SEM file To evaluate the custom SEM use the SENSe POWer SEM USER file command For more information on how to create custom SEM files please refer to the R amp S FSV User Manual Parameters lt FileName gt String containing the file name of the SEM Example MMEM LOAD SEM CustomSEM Loads the SEM called CustomSEM SENSe FREQuency SPAN Span This command defines the frequency span Available for ACLR and SEM measurements Parameters Span Frequency span in Hz Example FREQ SPAN 20MHZ Defines a span of 20 MHz SENSe POWer ACHannel AACHannel Channel This command selects the assumed adjacent channel carrier for ACLR measurements Parameters Channel EUTRA Selects an EUTRA signal of the same bandwidth like the TX channel as assumed adjacent channel carrier UTRA128 Selects an UTRA signal with a bandwidth of 1 28MHz as assumed adjacent channel carrier UTRA384 Selects an UTRA signal with a bandwidth of 3 84MHz as assumed adjacent channel carrier UTRA768 Selects
41. selection 0 167 Manual selection RST AUTO Example CONF DL PLC CIDG 134 Cell identity group number 134 is selected CONF DL PLC CIDG AUTO Automatic cell identity group detection is selected CONFigure LTE DL PLC PLID Identity This command defines the physical layer cell identity for ownlink signals Frame Configuration Parameters lt Identity gt AUTO Automatic selection 0 2 Manual selection RST AUTO Example CONF DL PLC PLID 1 Selects physical layer cell ID 2 FETCh PLC CIDGroup This command queries the cell identity group that has been detected Return values lt CidGroup gt The command returns 1 if no valid result has been detected yet Range 0 to 167 Example FETC PLC CIDG Returns the current cell identity group Usage Query only FETCh PLC PLID This command queries the cell identity that has been detected Return values Identity The command returns 1 if no valid result has been detected yet Range 0 to 2 Example FETC PLC PLID Returns the current cell identity Usage Query only 8 13 3 Configuring PDSCH Subframes CONFiourel LTE DL C UbBtrames cece eee ee eae apadni nn ani ip nnn 138 CONFigure L TE DL SUBFrame ssubframe AL Gout 139 CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame lt subframe gt ALLoc lt allocation gt C W lt Cwnum gt BO DUAN GIN PME E 139 CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame ssubframe ALLoc allocation POWer
42. structure of the synchronization signal The synchronization signal settings are part of the Downlink Adv Sig Config tab of the Demodulation Settings dialog box DL Demod DL Frame Config Synchronisation Signal P S SYNC Tx Antenna All P SYNC Rel Power 0 dB S SYNC Rel Power 0 dB PIS SYNG TxJAnteritdi uoo d eet electa e ete uc eei eeu eee eode ee o ce ta eoe ede ence ed eeve eoe tues 75 P SYNG Relative E 76 S SYNC Relative E 76 P S SYNC Tx Antenna Selects the antenna that transmits the synchronization signal P SYNC or S SYNC Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics When selecting the antenna you implicitly select the synchronization method If the selected antenna transmits no synchronization signal the application uses the refer ence signal to synchronize Note that automatic cell ID detection is not available if syn chronization is based on the reference signal Remote command CONFigure LTE DL SYNC ANTenna on page 141 P SYNC Relative Power Defines the power of the primary synchronization signal P SYNC relative to the refer ence signal Remote command CONFigure LTE DL SYNC PPOWer on page 142 S SYNC Relative Power Defines the power of the secondary synchronization signal S SYNC relative to the reference signal Remote command CONFigure LTE DL SYNC SPOWer on page 142 5 8 4 Configuring the Control Channels The control channel settings contain setting that describe the phy
43. synchroniza tion to the end of the measurement before reading out the result This is only possible for single sweeps Suffix lt m gt 1 Example INIT CONT OFF Switches to single measurement mode CALC MARK2 ON Switches marker 2 INIT WAI Starts a measurement and waits for the end CALC MARK2 Y Outputs the measured value of marker 2 Usage Query only Using Delta Markers CAL Culate nz DEL TamarkercmzAOEE ccrriis csdaninaaisa oiai anaa raa aniani ENE 151 CALOCulate n DELTamarker m MAXimum PEAK esses 151 CALCulate n MARKer m MlNimum P EAK eese nnne 152 CAL Culatesns DEETamarkersme S TATE iaceo teo rene eoe euentus 152 CAL Culate nz DEL Tamarkercmz TR ACe 152 GALOulate n DELTamarkersmeo X iana aaraa ae araa a aa aaa E aa iaa ania 152 CAL Culate nz DEL TamarkercmzN 153 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt AOFF This command turns all delta markers off Suffix lt m gt 1 Example CALC DELT AOFF Turns off all delta markers Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum PEAK This command positions a marker on the peak value of the trace Suffix lt m gt 1 n Measurement Result Analysis Example CALC DELT2 MAX Positions delta marker 2 on the trace peak Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum PEAK This command positions a delta marker on the minimum value of the trace
44. the measurement is not set up appropriately Test setup R amp S FSx with R amp S FSx B25 Ext reference signal Attenuator RF Limiter To protect the analyzer input from damage an RF limiter has to be applied at the ana lyzer input connector as can be seen in figure 2 16 Table 1 1 shows the specifications the used limiter has to fulfill Min acceptable CW input power BTS output power minus 10 dB Min acceptable peak input power BTS peak output power minus 10 dB Max output leakage 20 dBm Performing Transmit On Off Power Measurements Max response time 1 us Max recovery time 1 us An additional 10 dB attenuation should be placed in front of the RF limiter to absorb eventual reflected waves because of the high VSWR of the limiter The allowed maxi mum CW input power of the attenuator must be lower than the maximum output power of the BTS Performing the measurement For the transmit ON OFF power measurements according to 36 141 6 4 the test model E TM1 1 has to be used For more information on loading the test model set tings see chapter 7 File Management on page 87 If an external trigger is used before the actual measurement can be started the timing must be adjusted by pressing the Adjust Timing hotkey The status display in the header of the graph changes from Timing not adjusted to Timing adjusted and the run hotkeys are released Relevant setting changes aga
45. the parame ter e Manual operation If the result of a remote command can also be achieved in manual operation a link to the description is inserted Long and Short Form The keywords have a long and a short form You can use either the long or the short form but no other abbreviations of the keywords The short form is emphasized in upper case letters Note however that this emphasis only serves the purpose to distinguish the short from the long form in the manual For the instrument the case does not matter Example SENSe FREQuency CENTer is the same as SENS FREQ CENT Numeric Suffixes Some keywords have a numeric suffix if the command can be applied to multiple instances of an object In that case the suffix selects a particular instance e g a mea surement window Numeric suffixes are indicated by angular brackets lt n gt next to the keyword If you don t quote a suffix for keywords that support one a 1 is assumed Example DISPlay WINDow lt 1 4 gt ZOOM STATe enables the zoom in a particular mea surement window selected by the suffix at WINDow DISPlay WINDow4 ZOOM STATe ON refers to window 4 Optional Keywords Some keywords are optional and are only part of the syntax because of SCPI compli ance You can include them in the header or not Note that if an optional keyword has a numeric suffix and you need to use the suffix you have to include the optional keyword O
46. the power for the Off power regions lt absolute power gt The unit is always dBm e TRACE2 Returns the power for the transient regions lt absolute power gt The unit is always dBm e LIST Returns the contents of the On Off Power table For each line it returns seven val ues lt off period start limit gt lt off period stop limit gt lt time at delta to limit gt lt absolute off power gt lt distance to limit gt lt falling transient period gt lt rising transient period gt The unit for the lt absolute off power gt is dBm The unit for the lt distance to limit is dB All other values have the unit s 8 6 1 16 Power Spectrum For the Power Spectrum result display the command returns one value for each trace point lt power gt The unit is always dBm Hz The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 8 6 1 17 Power vs RB RS For the Power vs RB RS result display the command returns one value for each resource block of the reference signal that has been analyzed Measurement Result Query lt absolute power gt The unit is always dBm The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns the average power over all subframes e TRACE2 Returns the minimum power found over all subframes If you are analyzing a partic ular subframe it returns nothing e TRACE3 Returns the maximum power found over all subframes If you are analyzing a par ticular subframe it returns n
47. value is the time difference between the subframe start and capture buffer start When you zoom into the diagram you will see that the bar may be interrupted at cer tain positions Each small bar indicates the useful parts of the OFDM symbol pm EP EL INE NNNM ANS SO NUUS User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 30 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays A Capture Memory dBm Ref 20 dBm AttvEl 0 00 0 00 dB 6 6 ms 0 0 msidiv Fig 4 2 Capture buffer after a zoom has been applied Remote command Selecting the result display CALCulate lt n gt FEED PVT CBUF Querying results TRACe DATA Querying the subframe start offset FETCh SUMMary TFRame on page 105 On Off Power The On Off Power measurement shows the characteristics of an LTE TDD signal over time The transition from transmission to reception is an issue in TDD systems Therefore the measurement is available for TDD signals The measurement is designed to verify if the signal intervals during which no downlink signal is transmitted reception or off periods complies with the limits defined by 3GPP Because the transition from transmission on periods to reception has to be very fast in order to efficiently use the resources 3GPP has also defined limits for the transient periods The limits for these are also verified by the measurement Note that the measurement works only if you are using the RF input When you start the measure
48. 1 Selecting a Particular Signal Aspect eene 81 Defining Measurement Units eeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeenenen nennen nennen nennen nn 82 Defining Various Measurement Parameters eene 82 Selecting the Contents of a Constellation Diagram eene 83 Scaling the il 84 Using Markoers niente enne ien tilii eeia tineis RNa 85 File ARV ACH S TN IN de 87 Eule NManagek net 87 SAVE RECALL Key eer ane pai aikaa hen n x Tha RR CE ER Ru E FE a EX AE r Ee Fan E Eadan 88 Tost DIM 88 Remote COMMING S m 90 Overview of Remote Command Suffixes eese 90 Intro Oe m nnn eege Ee EN Conventions used in Descripoiions nennen 91 Long anid Short Tu EE 92 Numeric SUTIXCS uc ee bete dated b dade eset n idi een 92 Optional Keywords nene ite rip e t ete cta ed oda 92 Altemative Keywords c trc de adhere d du e e d a ve e e ud 93 SCPI Parameters oe e ez i ee d a a c e a p eee 93 Measurement Selection eeeeseeesseeeeeseeeeeeeen entente nnn nennen 95 Measurement Execution retener rele itin notte n NEARE KRONA unie tuu EEEENER vue 97 Numeric Result QUOI ccccccisascectectasconerccesvecesstuavecesecesvcencestesdeneeesesdcuestsesvecerserastens 98 Measurem
49. 15 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt ACPower AL TemateRE Gut 116 CALCulate n LIMit k OOPower OFFPower sess esee enne nnne nnt entres nnne rennen nnns nnn 116 CAL Culate cnzLUlMitckzOObower TRANsient 117 GALCulate n MARKer m MINimumEBPEAK inet t enne root ttn trennen 152 CALC latesn gt ee Ee 150 GALCulate lt n MARKErsm gt m 150 GALCulatesn MARKer tm E 151 CAL u latesn E RA KE 150 GONFigure POWer EXPected lO instrumente iere re trn td ei prine th Ee nea 120 GONFigure POWer EXPected RF iristr merit n terrere ntn n dn a NERA 120 GONFig re PRESel re ccr i ei CONFigure LTE DL BW geleet H REI e Eu 138 CONFigure EME CEET rccte ore elsi ro tee toa ig oestes 119 GONFigureELTEEBLE MIMO ASELGCHOR 4e iioii tt eor ir rra ihren ro rr eer rene t reden 124 gei lee UC RR EIS d de Rer ei Cie TT 125 GONFigure E TEEDLE MIMO GROSSt alk irent oett ret D Re cad dad rn Pru eter ioter M ee Eee o deat 136 CONFigure L TET DL PBCH POWer oi GONFigureELTEEDLE PBGHES RR CONFigure EME DLEPCFICW POW EE eet eebe mt Dd ep ooa t Fer ee ere trit teer etri ttr EE 143 GONFigureELTEEDLE PGEICh S DAT toa the ee rrr rta erac eh enne etn ere ri teer renes 143 GONFigureEETEEDE PBCOGCh F E 143 GONFigurerETEEDEPDOGOh INOBLD e m eri in naa Desk ep oet rhon eere rite tee otc te o eee or nats 143 Isi ee UI RR TER Kee E le EE 144
50. 3GPP 36 211 FETCh SUMMary EVM PCHannel AVERage on page 102 Shows the EVM for all physical signal resource elements in the analyzed frame The reference signal for example is a physical signal For more information see 3GPP 36 211 FETCh SUMMary EVM PSIGnal AVERage on page 102 Shows the difference in the measured center frequency and the reference center frequency FETCh SUMMary FERRor AVERage on page 102 Shows the difference in measured symbol clock and reference symbol clock relative to the system sampling rate FETCh SUMMary SERRor AVERage on page 104 Shows the power at spectral line 0 normalized to the total transmitted power FETCh SUMMary 1QOFfset AVERage on page 103 Shows the logarithm of the gain ratio of the Q channel to the I channel FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance AVERage on page 103 Shows the measure of the phase angle between Q channel and I channel deviating from the ideal 90 degrees FETCh SUMMary QUADerror AVERage on page 104 Shows the reference signal transmit power as defined in 3GPP TS 36 141 It is required for the DL RS Power test It is an average power and accumulates the powers of the reference symbols within a subframe divided by the number of reference symbols within a sub frame FETCh SUMMary RSTP AVERage on page 104 Shows the OFDM symbol transmit power as defined in 3GPP TS 36 141 It accumulates all subcarrier powers of the 4th OFDM symbol T
51. 5E 05 0 4 0 0 0052647197362 1 42 5464220485716 2 51485275782241E 05 8 6 1 3 Bit Stream For the Bit Stream result display the command returns five values and the bitstream for each line of the table subframe allocation ID codeword modulation 4 of symbols bits hexadecimal binary numbers gt User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 107 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands All values have no unit The format of the bitstream depends on Bit Stream Format The allocation ID gt lt codeword gt and modulation are encoded For the code assignment see chapter 8 6 1 20 Return Value Codes on page 114 For symbols or bits that are not transmitted the command returns e FF if the bit stream format is Symbols e 9 if the bit stream format is Bits For symbols or bits that could not be decoded because the number of layer exceeds the number of receive antennas the command returns e FE if the bit stream format is Symbols e 8 if the bit stream format is Bits Note that the data format of the return values is always ASCII Example Bit Stream Sub Allocati Code S l g conor QUE Modulation ymbo Bit Stream frame ID word Index 0 PBCH 1 1 01 01 00 02 03 0 2 02 3 00 02 02 PECH 1 1 6 2 j 03 K 01 01 0 PBCH 1 1 32 3 03 00 00 03 O2 TRAC DATA TRACE1 would return 0 12 0 2 0 01 O1 00 02 03 00 01 02 O1 02 O1 lt continues like this until the nex
52. ARKer lt m gt MINimum PEAK This command positions a marker on the minimum value of the trace Measurement Result Analysis Suffix lt m gt 1 n Example CALC MARK MIN Positions marker 1 on the trace minimum Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt STATe State This command turns markers on and off Suffix m 1 Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC MARK3 ON Turns on marker 3 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt TRACe Trace This command positions the marker on a particular trace If necessary the command turns on the marker first Suffix m 1 Parameters Trace 11213 Number of the trace you want the marker positioned on m a CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X lt Position gt This command positions a marker on a particular coordinate on the x axis If necessary the command first turns on the marker Suffix lt m gt 1 Parameters lt Position gt Numeric value that defines the marker position on the x axis Default unit The unit depends on the result display Example CALC MARK X 1GHZ Moves the marker to the frequency of 1 GHz 8 15 4 Measurement Result Analysis CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt Y This command queries the position of a marker on the y axis If necessary the command activates the marker first To get a valid result you have to perform a complete measurement with
53. Bm General Settings DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel OFFSet lt Attenuation gt This command selects the external attenuation or gain applied to the RF signal Parameters lt Attenuation gt lt numeric value gt RST 0 Default unit dB Example DISP TRAC Y RLEV OFFS 10 Sets an external attenuation of 10 dB INPut lt n gt ATTenuation lt instrument gt lt Attenuation gt This command sets the RF attenuation level Parameters lt Attenuation gt lt numeric value gt RST 5 dB Default unit dB Example INP ATT 10 Defines an RF attenuation of 10 dB INPut lt n gt EATT lt Attenuation gt This command defines the electronic attenuation level If the current reference level is not compatible with an attenuation that has been set manually the command also adjusts the reference level This command is available with option R amp S FSV B25 but not if R amp S FSV B17 is active Parameters lt Attenuation gt Attenuation level in dB Default unit dB Example INP EATT 10 Defines an attenuation level of 10 dB INPut lt n gt EATT STATe lt State gt This command turns the electronic attenuator on and off This command is available with option R amp S FSV B25 but not if R amp S FSV B17 is active Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF General Settings Example INP EATT STAT ON Turns the electronic attenuator on INPut lt n gt EATT AUTO State This
54. CONFigure LTE DL PDSCh PB m GONFig ure rETEEDE PHICRIDUERALIOF iced ioter ted oen ink eror UR eher Pee Hber Ea entre tb e rel 144 GONFigureELTEEDLEPEICRIMETM ss ciao oca ri etienne ne ri Ee tot rr rer eta rir rt 144 gei lee UC RN NERT Geller ele 144 GONFig ure E TEEDE PHIORBINOGEIOUDS ioa eta Popes bei aere eat eee roce iba eek Era eR dE pace rel 145 EI ee UI RR LCE elle He EE 145 GONFigureELTEEDLE PLEG CD ect err terr t ebat rne epe era eus tare en entrer te 137 GONFig rerbTEEDEPEGIOIDGrOUD s 5 exeo eren Rae Bere beni oct rs decocta Pee lite deret rr etg EE es eben 137 GONFigureELTEEDLEPEC PLI pcne reote etae erai nra eoe nhe ra rnt rper nenne 137 GONFigureELETE FDL PSOFf Set nr rtr tnter nr ete rer eren e reet t rete neret a 141 GONFig reE E TEEDEREFESiIgi POW Click een eege eege ege tb coena D ee bia thee Seit 141 GONFigure L TEE DL SUBFramessubframe ALCount 1 rere rehenes 139 CONFigure L EI DL GUBtrame subtramez ALL oc allocatonz POVWer 139 CONFigure L TE DL SUBFrame ssubframe ALLoc allocation RBCount sess 140 CONFigure L TET DL SUBFrame subframe ALLoc allocation RBOFfset sess 140 CONFigure L TET DL SUBFrame ssubframe ALLoc allocation UEID eee 140 CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame subframe ALLoc allocation CW Cwnum MODuUlation 139 GONFigureELTEEDLE SYNGC ANT ntIa ini o trn pne r
55. Digital UO Input 126 Controlling UO Data EEN ee 125 SENSe SWAPiq State This command turns a swap of the and Q branches on and off Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example SWAP ON Turns a swap of the and Q branches on Controlling the Input For information on the remote commands for reference level and attenuation settings see chapter 8 7 2 Configuring the Input Level on page 120 INPUESE EE 126 KEE Tag ag 126 8 9 3 Advanced Settings INPut SELect lt Source gt This command selects the signal source Parameters lt Source gt RF Selects the RF input as the signal source AIQ Selects the analog baseband input as the data source This Source is available only with option R amp S FSV B71 DIQ Selects the digital baseband input as the data source This source is available only with option R amp S FSV B17 Example INP DIQ Selects the digital baseband input TRACe IQ FILTer FLATness lt FilterT ype gt This command turns the wideband filter on and off Parameters lt FilterType gt NORMal Uses the normal filter WIDE Turns the wideband filter on RST NORMal Example TRAC 1Q FILT FLAT WIDE Turns the wideband filter on Configuring the Digital UO Input IN Puten DIO SRA Me ciate ace dea etre dicus d asd ex et based Ru deduce uk eternidad da 126 INPuten DIQ RANGS DPPer 2 1r prenota en puto pai nnt peu ene aiaa ka 126 INPut l
56. EAR V RAD DERE Ea YUA 105 FETGOBSUMManry E 105 FETCh CYCPrefix This command queries the cyclic prefix type that has been detected Return values lt PrefixType gt The command returns 1 if no valid result has been detected yet NORM Normal cyclic prefix length detected EXT Extended cyclic prefix length detected Example FETC CYCP Returns the current cyclic prefix length type Usage Query only Numeric Result Query FETCh PLC CIDGroup This command queries the cell identity group that has been detected Return values lt CidGroup gt The command returns 1 if no valid result has been detected yet Range 0 to 167 Example FETC PLC CIDG Returns the current cell identity group Usage Query only FETCh PLC PLID This command queries the cell identity that has been detected Return values lt Identity gt The command returns 1 if no valid result has been detected yet Range 0 to 2 Example FETC PLC PLID Returns the current cell identity Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary CRESt AVERage This command queries the average crest factor as shown in the result summary Return values lt CrestFactor gt lt numeric value gt Crest Factor in dB Example FETC SUMM CRES Returns the current crest factor in dB Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary EVM ALL MAXimum FETCh SUMMary EVM ALL MINimum FETCh SUMMary EVM ALL AVERage This command queries the EVM of all resource element
57. EMory LOAD TMOD DL on page 155 8 1 Remote Commands Overview of Remote Command Suffixes e Overview of Remote Command Suffixes essent 90 WOW CHO s see eec terere erre rta enden ade ua bna eed e 91 e Measurement Selection iiio tere EeceudLea eane PRETENDE tienen 95 Measurement En EE 97 e Numeric Result tem vie crescere erre Ene one ER een n opua ENEE 98 e Measurement Iesulb QUOD ccce rnit ce teer tec rit e tite te rb esce dudas 105 e General Settings ie cesse i eid bed ced eA a EE eaae 118 ld eg CN 124 e JAdvanced le ucc ctr recent c O eva tee capot aus 125 B ttel ue UL EE 127 e Spectrum Measurements sse ener ener enhn nnne nnne enis 128 e Signal Dermodulatloh oria ecc creek ete pner tcr ren Dee epa nae EREE a 132 e Frame Configurations ccr eret dr Codd e eet dat dra code rc n E add 136 e Advanced Signal Characteristios 2 ooi Loci seit tee d 140 e Measurement Result Analyse 146 Software CORfIDUIellolt 2 wider eee ended ada e e tr 154 Overview of Remote Command Suffixes This chapter provides an overview of all suffixes used for remote commands in the LTE application Suffix Description allocation Selects an allocation analyzer No effect antenna Selects an antenna for MIMO measurements cluster Selects a cluster uplink only lt cwnum gt Selects a codeword lt k gt Selects a limit line Irr
58. EVM at two trial timing positions and then uses the maximum EVM of the two e At Optimal Timing Position Calculates the EVM using the optimal timing position Remote command SENSe LTE DL DEMod EVMCalc on page 133 Scrambling of Coded Bits Turns the scrambling of coded bits for all physical channels like PDSCH or PHICH on and off The scrambling of coded bits affects the bitstream results Source ofbitstream results when Scrambling of coded bits is zON OFF unscrambled bits scrambled bits Fig 5 1 Source for bitstream results if scrambling for coded bits is on and off Remote command SENSe LTE DL DEMod CBSCrambling on page 133 Auto PDSCH Demodulation Turns automatic demodulation of the PDSCH on and off When you turn this feature on the application automatically detects the PDSCH resource allocation This is possible by analyzing the protocol information in the PDCCH or by analyzing the physical signal The application then writes the results into the PDSCH Configuration Table You can set the way the application identifies the PDSCH resource allocation with PDSCH Subframe Configuration Detection on page 66 Configuring the Signal Demodulation When you turn off automatic demodulation of the PDSCH you have to configure the PDSCH manually In that case the application compares the demodulated LTE frame to the customized configuration If the PDSCH Subframe Configuration Detection is no
59. FFT SizeN rer 1024 Sampling Rate 15 36 MHz Cyclic Prefix Auto Selecting the ETE e EE 51 Defining the Signal Frequebby uno oec Ryo nne exo Ene enki o FR Rn noe RR RA FRATRE RSEN EES 51 Channel Bandwidth Number of Resource Dlocke 52 CYCIE a E 52 Selecting the LTE Mode The standard defines the LTE mode you are testing The choices you have depend on the set of options you have installed option FSx K100 PC enables testing of 3GPP LTE FDD signals on the downlink option FSx K101 PC enables testing of 3GPP LTE FDD signals on the uplink option FSx K102 PC enables testing of 3GPP LTE MIMO signals on the downlink option FSx K104 PC enables testing of 3GPP LTE TDD signals on the downlink option FSx K105 PC enables testing of 3GPP LTE TDD signals on the uplink FDD and TDD are duplexing methods e FDD mode uses different frequencies for the uplink and the downlink e TDD mode uses the same frequency for the uplink and the downlink Downlink DL and Uplink UL describe the transmission path e Downlink is the transmission path from the base station to the user equipment The physical layer mode for the downlink is always OFDMA e Uplink is the transmission path from the user equipment to the base station The physical layer mode for the uplink is always SC FDMA Remote command Link direction CONFigure LTE LDIRection on page 119 Duplexing mode CONFigure LTE DUPLexing on page 119
60. Load file MMEMory LOAD SEMsettings on page 129 State SENSe POWer SEM USERfile on page 131 Category Selects the type category and option of the limit defintions for SEM measurements The software supports limit defintions for the following types of base stations e Wide areas base stations Category A and B e Local Area base stations e Home base stations Category A and B are defined in ITU R recommendation SM 329 For Category B operating band unwanted emissions there are two options for the limits that may be applied regionally Opt1 and Opt2 The type and category you should use for the measurement depends on the category and option that the base station you are testing supports For Home Area base stations you can define an additional Aggregated Max Power for all antenna ports of a home area base station The aggregated maximum power is the aggregated power of all antenna ports and has an effect on the shape of the SEM Remote command SENSe POWer SEM CATegory on page 131 SENSe POWer SEM CHBS AMPower on page 131 Aggregated Maximum Power Of All TX Ports P Defines the aggregated maximum power of all TX ports of home base stations The aggregate maximum power is required to calculate limit line values for SEM measure ments on home base stations The parameter is available only if you have selected SEM Category Home Remote command SENSe POWer SEM CHBS AMPower on page 131
61. M EE 72 let 73 Oe 73 PONET ee EE EE T3 L ele E 73 ID N_RNTI Selects the allocation s ID The ID corresponds to the N_RNTI By default the application assigns consecutive numbers starting with 0 The ID or N RNTI is the user equipment identifier for the corresponding allocation and is a number in the range from 0 to 65535 The order of the numbers is irrelevant You can combine allocations by assigning the same number more than once Combin ing allocations assigns those allocations to the same user Allocations with the same N RNTI share the same modulation scheme and power settings Remote command CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame lt subframe gt ALLoc lt allocation gt UEID on page 140 Code Word Shows the code word of the allocation The code word is made up out of two numbers The first number is the number of the code word in the allocation The second number is the total number of code words that the allocation contains Thus a table entry of 1 2 would mean that the row corre sponds to code word 1 out of 2 code words in the allocation Modulation Selects the modulation scheme for the corresponding allocation The modulation scheme for the PDSCH is either QPSK 16QAM 64QAM or 256QAM Remote command CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame lt subframe gt ALLoc lt allocation gt CW lt Cwnum gt MODulation on page 139 Configuring Downlink Frame
62. M is plotted either in or in dB depending on the EVM Unit See WEE WR EE EE E E eg Remote command Selecting the result display CALCulate lt n gt FEED EVM EVSU Querying results TRACe DATA EVM vs RB Starts the EVM vs RB result display This result display shows the Error Vector Magnitude EVM for all resource blocks that can be occupied by the PDSCH The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over all resource elements in the resource block This average resource block EVM is determined for each ana lyzed subframe If you analyze all subframes the result display contains three traces e Average EVM This trace shows the resource block EVM averaged over all subframes e Minimum EVM This trace shows the lowest average resource block EVM that has been found over the analyzed subframes e Maximum EVM This trace shows the highest average resource block EVM that has been found over the analyzed subframes If you select and analyze one subframe only the result display contains one trace that shows the resource block EVM for that subframe only Average minimum and maxi mum values in that case are the same For more information see Subframe Selection on page 81 The x axis represents the PDSCH resource blocks On the y axis the EVM is plotted either in or in dB depending on the EVM Unit pru PE INE a ON UNS User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 37 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Mea
63. Med CBSCramblitig utn or tnr rere nns 133 SENSe L TEEDE DEMod CES Timation iniret rre rt rtr rette re rrr 133 SENSe ETEEBE DEMOG EVMCGAIG eiit rite eege E ee SENSe LTE DL DEMod MCFilter ISENSSILTEL DL D Mod Pete ISENSSILTELDL FObRMatbaCH ISENSSILTELDLTRACKng PtH A e ttt ttt ttt ttt ttes ssi SENSe LTE DL TRACking TIME SENSe E L TEFRAMe COUNL ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt ttt opos SENSe LTE FRAMe COUNt AUTO SENSSe EETEEFRAMSG COUNESTA TO uei ceo rcm a rotten ecu itera ie E ty e cbe ete eec eb ica erae SENSe ET EEOC ation S EWC i P SENSe LTE MOD lation EE SENSE E TET OOPower ATIMihng 2222 nin cer rr tr ta er ttt rnt ra e Fe Dr En ri eror t rris SENSe LTE 0OPower NCORrection SENSe ETE SUBFrame SELOCt uere rec aaa a Sia athena E SE IR NEE ER E GE CAL Culate nz D I Tamarkercmz AOEF AAA 151 CALOCulate n DELTamarker m MAXimumy PEAK essent nennen nnns 151 GAL Culatesn gt DEL Tamarkersim gt T RA GG as iioii eti th t Feet eie A creed rec baee cive EXE SENTINA 152 CALC late snz DEL El EE 152 CALCulatesn gt DELTamarker ue GE 153 CALCulate lt n gt DEL Tamarker m ES TATe citer ret nnne titer rine ninh 152 UE VAS EE EDD tee 95 CALCulate lt n gt LIMit lt k gt AC Power ACHannelREGut 1
64. Mix gt CPE SFO res CFO 3 1 where e the data symbol is a on subcarrier kat OFDM symbol e the channel transfer function is h e the number of Nyquist samples is N within the symbol time T e the useful symbol time T T T e the independent and Gaussian distributed noise sample is n Within one OFDM symbol both the CPE and the residual CFO cause the same phase rotation for each subcarrier while the rotation due to the SFO depends linearly on the subcarrier index A linear phase increase in symbol direction can be observed for the residual CFO as well as for the SFO The results of the tracking estimation block are used to compensate the samples rik The LTE Downlink Analysis Measurement Application Whereas a full compensation is performed in the reference path the signal impair ments that are of interest to the user are left uncompensated in the measurement path After having decided the data symbols in the reference path an additional phase track ing can be utilized to refine the CPE estimation 3 3 2 Channel Estimation and Equalizitaion As shown in figure 3 1 there is one coarse and one fine channel estimation block The reference signal based coarse estimation is tapped behind the CFO compensation block SFO compensation can optionally be enabled of the reference path The coarse estimation block uses the reference signal symbols to determine estimates of the chan nel transfer function by interpolati
65. N eigene 47 capture Dulffer anter it ere ts tarn ee ER 30 91010 c 46 channel flatness 2 2 icucesese casco cnini etti oa 43 channel flatness difference ssssssssuss 44 channel flatness grdel A 44 ele 45 EVM VS Ganer coiere asidedd eia 34 EVM vs RB lt 37 EVM vs SUbfaAME sieccectacescdeversarectstcansssterarcaccegeccensiatece 36 EVM VS SyITDOl EE 35 freqrerr vS SymbO icio eati ne te et eti 36 n mencal EET 27 on off e UE EN power SPOCUUIM sin ccce tton tere tens 42 power vs RB PDSQLE iieri an 42 power vs RB RS neis tia Sae iode 43 result SUMMAN cosciente n OR reda e eed 2f Spectr MaSK uiae abe ASS deed 39 MKR 85 Multicarrier filler a nre er tia hcrba e 67 N NUMBER of RB ai rrr tier eR ns 52 Nunerical results cc tercer eroe eae cei tror ei ot 27 O ONOM DOWOF EE 31 P P S SYNC Txvantenng 75 P SYNC Relative Power 76 Sien En Lm 76 uec E HOE 77 PDSCH reference data 66 PDSCH subframe detection sessssssssss 66 Phase EFTOE cisnds sacevncvardsacccedesavsenennesadsauialesevenveeaundesctingacsavs 67 PN Gece eese scere emen iue e D 7T POWER SPOCUUIN NEE 42 Power vs RB PDSCH senes 42 Power vs RB RS 43 PRB symbol OffSeL xerit remate reos redet hadas Ve Ties 74 R Reference Level sssssssssseseeeeeneeeennnn Relat
66. NSe SWEep TIME on page 124 Overall Frame Count Turns the manual selection of the number of frames to capture and analyze on and off If the overall frame count is active you can define a particular number of frames to capture and analyze The measurement runs until all required frames have been ana lyzed even if it takes more than one sweep The results are an average of the cap tured frames Defining General Measurement Characteristics If the overall frame count is inactive the R amp S FSV analyzes all complete LTE frames currently in the capture buffer Remote command SENSe LTE FRAMe COUNt STATe on page 123 Number of Frames to Analyze Sets the number of frames that you want to capture and analyze If the number of frames you have set last longer than a single sweep the R amp S FSV continues the measurement until all frames have been captured The parameter is read only if e the overall frame count is inactive e the data is captured according to the standard Remote command SENSe LTE FRAMe COUNt on page 123 Auto According to Standard Turns automatic selection of the number of frames to capture and analyze on and off If active the R amp S FSV evaluates the number of frames as defined for EVM tests in the LTE standard If inactive you can set the number of frames you want to analyze This parameter is not available if the overall frame count is inactive Remote command SENSe
67. ORIPONMIBI iu aiana iaaa bene xe dete cata xev bna re eon 145 CONFigure LTE DL PBCH POWer Power This command defines the relative power of the PBCH Parameters Power numeric value RST 0 dB Default unit DB Example CONF DL PBCH POW 1 1 Sets the relative power to 1 1 dB Advanced Signal Characteristics CONFigure LTE DL PBCH STAT lt State gt This command turns the PBCH on and off Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST ON Example CONF DL PBCH STAT ON Activates the PBCH CONFigure LTE DL PCFich POWer lt Power gt This command defines the relative power of the PCFICH Parameters lt Power gt lt numeric value gt RST 0 dB Default unit DB Example CONF DL PCF POW 0 Sets the relative power to 0 dB CONFigure LTE DL PCFich STAT State This command turns the PCFICH on and off Parameters State ON OFF RST ON Example CONF DL PCF STAT ON Activates the PCFICH CONFigure LTE DL PDCCh FORMat lt Format gt This command selects the PDCCH format Parameters lt Format gt 1 0 1 2 3 RST 1 Example CONF DL PDCCH FORM 0 Sets the PDDCH format to 0 CONFigure LTE DL PDCCh NOPD lt NofPDCCH gt This command sets the number of PDCCHs Advanced Signal Characteristics Parameters lt NofPDCCH gt lt numeric value gt
68. OWer ACHannel TXCHannels COUNt lt T XChannels gt This command selects the number of transmission TX channels in ACLR measure ments Parameters lt TXChannels gt Number of transmission channels 1 One TX channel is analyzed in ACLR measurements 2 Two TX channels are analyzed in ACLR measurements Example POW ACH TXCH COUN 2 Selects two TX channels for the ACLR measurement Spectrum Measurements SENSe POWer NCORrection lt State gt This command turns noise correction for ACLR measurements on and off Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example POW NCOR ON Activates noise correction SENSe POWer SEM CATegory lt Category gt This command selects the SEM limit category as defined in 3GPP TS 36 104 Parameters lt Category gt A Category A Wide Area base station B1 Category B Opt 1 Wide Area base station B2 Category B Opt 2 Wide Area base station HOME Home base station LARE Local Area base station RST A Example POW SEM CAT B Selects SEM category B SENSe POWer SEM CHBS AMPower Power This command defines the aggregated maximum power for home base stations Parameters Power Numeric value that defines the maximum aggregate power Default unit dBm Example POW SEM CHBS AMP 0 Defines a power of 0 dBm SENSe POWer SEM USERfile State This command turns the evaluation of a custom Spectrum Emission Mask SEM on and off Before you can use this c
69. R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink LTE Downlink Measurement Application User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 ROHDE amp SCHWARZ Test amp Measurement User Manual This manual describes the following firmware applications e R amp S FSV K100 EUTRA LTE FDD Downlink Measurement Application 1308 9006 02 e R amp S FSV K102 EUTRA LTE MIMO Downlink Measurement Application 1309 9000 02 e R amp S FSV K104 EUTRA LTE TDD Downlink Measurement Application 1309 9422 02 This manual is applicable for the following analyzer models with firmware version 2 0 and higher e R amp SGFSV 3 1307 9002K03 e R amp S FSV 7 1307 9002K07 e R amp SGFSV 13 1307 9002K13 e R amp S FSV 30 1307 9002K30 e R amp SGFSV 40 1307 9002K40 2014 Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG M hldorfstr 15 81671 M nchen Germany Phone 49 89 41 29 0 Fax 49 89 41 29 12 164 E mail info rohde schwarz com Internet www rohde schwarz com Subject to change Data without tolerance limits is not binding R amp S is a registered trademark of Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG Trade names are trademarks of the owners The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual R amp S9FSV is abbreviated as R amp S FSV 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 2 4 1 2 5 1 3 2 1 2 2 2 3 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 3 1 3 3 2 3 3 3 3 4 3 5 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 4 1 4 4 2 4 5 Contents dg E t M 7 Re
70. Selection tab is the active one e Selecting a Particular Signal Aepect 81 e Defining Measurement Ulntts sees enne nnns 82 e Defining Various Measurement Parameters sisse 82 e Selecting the Contents of a Constellation Diagram esses 83 e Scaling tlie Y SAXIS oerte ERI Rx ue Fe ERR RT ENER SUSAN 84 e Using TE 85 Selecting a Particular Signal Aspect In the Selection tab of the Measurement Settings dialog box you can select specific parts of the signal you want to analyze Subfratmme SOCIO e EE 81 Subframe Selection Selects a particular subframe whose results the application displays You can select a particular subframe for the following measurements Result Summary EVM vs Carrier EVM vs Symbol EVM vs Symbol x Carrier Chan nel Flatness Channel Group Delay Channel Flatness Difference Power vs Symbol x Carrier Constellation Diagram Allocation Summary Bit Stream and Time Alignment If All is selected either the results from all subframes are displayed at once or a sta tistic is calculated over all analyzed subframes Selecting All either displays the results over all subframes or calculates a statistic over all subframes that have been analyzed R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Analyzing Measurement Results Example Subframe selection If you select all subframes All the application shows three traces One trace shows the subframe with the minimum leve
71. Suffix lt m gt 1 n Example CALC DELT2 MIN Positions delta marker 2 on the trace minimum Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt STATe State This command turns delta markers on and off Suffix m 1 Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC DELT3 ON Turns on delta marker 3 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt TRACe Trace This command positions a delta marker on a particular trace Suffix m 1 Parameters Trace 11213 Number of the trace you want the delta marker positioned on CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt X Position This command positions a delta marker on a particular coordinate on the x axis If necessary the command first turns on the delta marker Suffix m 1 8 15 5 Measurement Result Analysis Parameters lt Position gt Numeric value that defines the delta marker position on the x axis Default unit The unit depends on the result display Example CALC DELT2 X 1GHZ Positions delta marker 2 on the frequency of 1 GHz CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt Y This command queries the position of a delta marker on the y axis If necessary the command activates the delta marker first To get a valid result you have to perform a complete measurement with synchroniza tion to the end of the measurement before reading out the result This is only possible f
72. TCIh SUMMary EVM DSSFEAVMERage ett ttt b t reb tete teret ener ba eter 101 FETCh SUMMary EVM DSS T MAXiImU tm cicer tret ettet rr cnn P nre exo Fernand 101 FETCRh SUMMary EVM DSS T MINimutm teo rre terne nt rrt nen hte dr PO n eb gx Cg enne 101 FEICh SUMMary EVM DSST AVERage iiit trt bete beu bn eo vase b ceo rec xa 101 FETCh SUMMary EVM PGHannel MAXImUtm sucs iin oaa ea ea rb cr inna tbt re nep Ihe Ra eint Ea duas 102 FETCRh SUMMary EVM PGbhannelMINitnUtm uxc tite tore tp nr t ree e eria e nda 102 FETGCh SUMMary EVM PCHannel AVERAage initi enki tepore tbe rnb e E crash ke EE 102 FETCh SUMMary EVM PSIGnaE MAXImUlTI onini o nra aaya rh inn ee re nete kin ea era creo Ep dana 102 FETCh SUMMary EVM PSIGnal MINimum FETGCRh SUMMary EVM PSIGnalEAVERage 2u itii th tene kt oath e ro bern betae LEES ck ge EE 102 FETCh SUMMary EVMEALLETEMA XImUl s inantea inen tnb er inr th rene a t nexa erret p rena 100 FETCRh SUMMarty EVMEALEEMINIIDUET rrr phe enr eere rene tt 100 FETGh SUMMary EVMEALLEIAVERAge iiaca iiiter th rore ri rer rri ordern 100 FETCh SUMMary FERRorMAXIITIUITI ins tno ette rtr retra ern SERA anth Ee TA PE UE ERR Feo E 102 FETCRh SUMMaty FERRot MINimUm rtp tr re p ra ene xr ete nena eL ER E eo ee neuen 102 FETICh SUMMary FERRor AVERage xcii ere a Hr iud Hd ea be dE FE res eT dE DL cd 102 FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance MAXImUtm neni
73. TE DL PDCCh FORMat on page 143 Number of PDCCHs Sets the number of physical downlink control channels This parameter is available if the PDCCH format is 1 Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PDCCh NOPD on page 143 PDCCH Rel Power Defines the power of the PDCCH relative to the reference signal Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PDCCh POWer on page 144 5 8 5 Configuring the Shared Channel The shared channel characteristics are part of the Advanced Settings tab of the Sig nal Description dialog box POS GEO Wier RAIO sete eee rote cedro cup b D d cte co dde Ee lt le ce daga 80 PDSCH Power Ratio Selects the PDSCH P B parameter that defines the cell specific ratio of rho B to rho A according to 3GPP TS 36 213 table 5 2 1 The table below shows the resulting values as a function of the number of antennas 0 00048 0 969 dB 0 969 dB 0 000 dB 2 218 dB 1 249 dB 3 979 dB 3 010 dB If you select p B p A 1 the ratio is always 1 regardless of the number of antennas Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PDSCh PB on page 145 Selecting a Particular Signal Aspect 6 Analyzing Measurement Results 6 1 The Measurement Settings contain settings that configure various result displays These settings are independent of the signal they adjust the display of the results You can open the dialog box with the Meas Settings softkey The corresponding dialog box is made up of three tabs By default the
74. TE Downlink Welcome Elements and layout of the user interface The user interface of the LTE measurement application is made up of several ele ments Spectrum 1 LTE 1GHz Meas Setup 11Xx1RX Ext Att 0 dB Settings 2 E 50 RB 10 MHz Normal CP Sync State OK Capture Time 20 1 ms 77Gen TRG FREE RUN Demod NN 10 12 2009 14 50 27 1 Channel Bar contains all currently active measurement applications 2 Table Header shows basic measurement information e g the frequency 3 Result Display Header shows information about the trace 4 Result Display Screen A shows the measurement results 5 Result Display Screen B shows the measurement results 6 Status Bar shows the measurement progress software messages and errors 7 Softkeys open settings dialogs and select result displays The status bar The status bar is located at the bottom of the display It shows the current measure ment status and its progress in a running measurement The status bar also shows warning and error messages Error messages are generally highlighted Display of measurement settings The header table above the result displays shows information on hardware and mea surement settings User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 17 Support 2 3 Freq 1 GHz Meas Setup 1TXx1RX Ext Att 0 dB Mode DL FDD 50 RB 10 MHz Normal CP Sync State OK Capture Time 20 1 ms SINGLE TRG FREE RUN The header table includes the followi
75. TEEALLOocatiomOE Eel ore re RE eoe piae Se EES Ee 146 ISENS LTE e e 147 SENS LTE LO Cation S Eb eel cui rci eco EI E N R A A T 147 SENSe ETEEMODUulatigniSELbeel aao ee aE tense R AETR 147 SENSe PETE SUBFrame SELOG ninndiana Eed non 148 SENSeIEETEES YMBOLSELBOL ceti te rete ted celsa 148 SENSe LTE ALLocation SELect Allocation This command filters the displayed results in the constellation diagram by a particular type of allocation Parameters Allocation ALL Shows the results for all allocations numeric value Shows the results for a particular allocation type Allocation types are mapped to numeric values For the code assignment see chapter 8 6 1 20 Return Value Codes on page 114 RST ALL Measurement Result Analysis Example ALL SEL 2 Shows the results for PDSCH allocation 2 SENSe LTE CARRier SELect lt Carrier gt This command filters the displayed results in the constellation diagram by a particular subcarrier Parameters lt Carrier gt ALL Shows the results for all subcarriers lt numeric_value gt Shows the results for a particular subcarrier RST ALL Example CARR SEL 1 Shows the results for subcarrier 1 SENSe LTE LOCation SELect lt Location gt This command selects the data source of the constellation diagram for measurements on downlink signals Parameters lt Location gt AMD After the MIMO decoder BMD Before the
76. UDIR6GDOn 22 2o recor bantur pa ee ze rura lo e e prn nett aa 119 ISENSe PREOUSEDOOBNTQE tired ote qao ror tta ro toan ed ee tage e antea ced a 120 CONFigure LTE DL BW Bandwidth This command selects the downlink bandwidth General Settings Parameters lt Bandwidth gt BW1 40 BW3_00 BW5_00 BW10_00 BW15 00 BW20 00 RST BW10 00 Example CONF DL BW BW1 40 Sets a signal bandwidth of 1 4 MHz in downlink CONFigure LTE DL CYCPrefix lt PrefixLength gt This command selects the cyclic prefix for downlink signals Parameters lt PrefixLength gt NORM Normal cyclic prefix length EXT Extended cyclic prefix length AUTO Automatic cyclic prefix length detection RST AUTO Example CONF DL CYCP EXT Sets cyclic prefix type to extended CONFigure LTE DUPLexing lt Duplexing gt This command selects the duplexing mode Parameters lt Duplexing gt TDD Time division duplex FDD Frequency division duplex RST FDD Example CONF DUPL TDD Activates time division duplex CONFigure L TE LDIRection Direction This command selects the link direction Parameters Direction DL Downlink UL Uplink Example CONF LDIR DL EUTRA LTE option is configured to analyze downlink signals General Settings SENSe FREQuency CENTer lt Frequency gt This command sets the center frequency for RF measurements Parameters lt Frequency gt lt numeric value g
77. YNCRepetitionPeriod 10 DataSymbolOffsetSubFrame 2 MIMOConfiguration 1 Tx Antenna MIMOAntennaSelection Antenna 1 PhysLayCellIDGrp Auto PhysLayID Auto RefSignal3GPPVersion 2 N c fastforward 0 Frame Subframe lt PRBs gt lt PRB Start 0 Length 6 Boosting 0 Modulation QPSK gt lt PRBs gt lt Subframe gt lt Frame gt lt stControl PhaseTracking 1 TimingTracking 0 ChannelEstimation 1 EVMCCalculationMethod 1 EnableScrambling 1 AutoDemodulation 1 gt lt FrameDefinition gt All settings that are available in the Demod Settings dialog box are also in the frame setup file You can enter additional allocations by adding additional PRB entries in the PRBs list Note that at least one PRB must exist To load a frame setup press the File Manager softkey in the root menu of the appli cation Select the file you want to load and activate it with the Load Demod Setup button R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink File Management 7 2 7 3 Loading an UO File The R amp S FSV is able to process UO data that has been captured with a R amp S FSV directly as well as data stored in a file You can store UO data in various file formats in order to be able to process it with other external tools or for support purposes UO data can be formatted either in binary form or as ASCII files The data is linearly scaled using the unit Volt e g if a correct display of Capture Buffer power is required Fo
78. al Characteristics eese enne 140 8 14 1 Defining the PDSCH Resource Block Symbol Offset 140 8 14 2 Configuring the Reference Glonza eene 141 8 14 3 Configuring the Synchronization Signal 141 8 14 4 Configuring the Control Channel 142 8 14 5 Configuring the Shared Channel 145 8 15 Measurement Result Analysis eese nennen nennen nennen 146 8 15 1 Selecting Displayed Data 146 8 192 Selecting WMS D 148 8 15 3 Using Markers 2 edes en eeo RE Ra ARE TAL BREL T LZ eg REC ELLA A RERR e ud E 149 8 15 4 Using Delta Markerg enm emn ne nen errren nennen enn nene 151 8 15 5 Scaling the Vertical Diagram Avis 153 8 416 Software Configuration eccentric cione tha sten nn drunk anis Ne 154 List OF COUN AIN NS 157 S 161 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Introduction 1 Introduction Currently UMTS networks worldwide are being upgraded to high speed downlink packet access HSDPA in order to increase data rate and capacity for downlink packet data In the next step high speed uplink packet access HSUPA will boost uplink per formance in UMTS networks While HSDPA was introduced as a 3GPP Release 5 fea ture HSUPA is an important feature of 3GPP Release 6 The combination of HSDPA and HSUPA is often referred to as HSPA However even with the introduction of HSPA the evolution of UMTS has not reach
79. block that has been analyzed lt EVM gt The unit depends on UNIT EVM The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns the average power for each resource block over all subframes e TRACE2 Returns the minimum power found over all subframes If you are analyzing a partic ular subframe it returns nothing e TRACE3 Returns the maximum power found over all subframes If you are analyzing a par ticular subframe it returns nothing EVM vs Subframe For the EVM vs Subframe result display the command returns one value for each sub frame that has been analyzed lt EVM gt The unit depends on UNIT EVM The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 EVM vs Symbol For the EVM vs Symbol result display the command returns one value for each OFDM symbol that has been analyzed lt EVM gt For measurements on a single subframe the command returns the symbols of that subframe only The unit depends on UNIT EVM The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Measurement Result Query 8 6 1 14 Frequency Error vs Symbol For the Frequency Error vs Symbol result display the command returns one value for each OFDM symbol that has been analyzed lt frequency error gt The unit is always Hz The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 8 6 1 15 On Off Power For the On Off Power measurement the number and type of return values depend on the parameter e TRACE1 Returns
80. ce shows the lowest average subcarrier EVM that has been found over the analyzed subframes e Maximum EVM This trace shows the highest average subcarrier EVM that has been found over the analyzed subframes If you select and analyze one subframe only the result display contains one trace that shows the subcarrier EVM for that subframe only Average minimum and maximum values in that case are the same For more information see Subframe Selection on page 81 The x axis represents the center frequencies of the subcarriers On the y axis the EVM is plotted either in or in dB depending on the EVM Unit R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays B EVM vs Carrier 1 54 MHzidiv Remote command Selecting the result display CALCulate lt n gt FEED EVM EVCA Querying results TRACe DATA EVM vs Symbol Starts the EVM vs Symbol result display This result display shows the Error Vector Magnitude EVM of the OFDM symbols You can use it as a debugging technique to identify any symbols whose EVM is too high The results are based on an average EVM that is calculated over all subcarriers that are part of a particular OFDM symbol This average OFDM symbol EVM is determined for all OFDM symbols in each analyzed subframe If you analyze all subframes the result display contains three traces e Average EVM This trace shows the OFDM symbol EVM averaged over all subframes e Minimum EVM This trace shows
81. ces are shown One trace shows the average power The second and the third trace show the minimum and maximum powers respectively You can select to display the power for a specific subframe in the Subframe Selection dialog box In that case the application shows the power of that subframe only The x axis represents the resource blocks The displayed number of resource blocks depends on the channel bandwidth or number of resource blocks you have set On the y axis the power is plotted in dBm B Power vs RB Ref Signal dBm Remote command Selecting the result display CALCulate lt n gt FEED SPEC PVRR Querying results TRACe DATA 4 4 2 2 Flatness Flat Grdel Diff Channel Flatness Starts the Channel Flatness result display This result display shows the relative power offset caused by the transmit channel EECH User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 43 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays The currently selected subframe depends on your selection The x axis represents the frequency On the y axis the channel flatness is plotted in dB B Channel Flatness dB f 1 54 MHzidiv Remote command Selecting the result display CALCulate lt n gt FEED SPEC FLAT Querying results TRACe DATA Channel Group Delay Starts the Channel Group Delay result display This result display shows the group delay of each subcarrier The currently selected subframe depends on your selection The x ax
82. command turns automatic selection of the electronic attenuation on and off If on electronic attenuation reduces the mechanical attenuation whenever possible This command is available with option R amp S FSV B25 but not if R amp S FSV B17 is active Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example INP EATT AUTO ON Turns automatic selection of electronic attenuation level on SENSe POWer AUTO lt instrument gt STATe lt State gt This command initiates a measurement that determines the ideal reference level Parameters lt State gt OFF Performs no automatic reference level detection ON Performs an automatic reference level detection before each measurement ONCE Performs an automatic reference level once RST ON Example POW AUTO2 ON Activate auto level for analyzer number 2 SENSe POWer AUTO lt instrument gt TIME lt Time gt This command defines the track time for the auto level process Parameters lt Time gt lt numeric value gt RST 100 ms Default unit s Example POW AUTO TIME 200ms An auto level track time of 200 ms gets set General Settings 8 7 3 Configuring the Data Capture SENSe L TE FRAMe COUNL ecce tentenetentntetntetttettttettt tet tetto o0a 123 GENSeIEUTEIERAMe GOUNG AUTO 123 GSENSeILUTEIERAMe GOUNG STATe 123 SENSe SWEep TIME ceeesceeescssesesesseseeseseesessssssstssssesssstsavetsesatsevsesvsesevstsavansavacsaeses 124 SENSe LTE FRAMe COUNt
83. cy CENTer 1GHZ without unit SENSe FREQuency CENTer 1E9 would also set a frequency of 1 GHz 8 2 6 2 Introduction Values exceeding the resolution of the instrument are rounded up or down If the number you have entered is not supported e g in case of discrete steps the command returns an error Instead of a number you can also set numeric values with a text parameter in special cases e MIN MAX Defines the minimum or maximum numeric value that is supported e DEF Defines the default value e UP DOWN Increases or decreases the numeric value by one step The step size depends on the setting In some cases you can customize the step size with a corresponding command Querying numeric values When you query numeric values the system returns a number In case of physical quantities it applies the basic unit e g Hz in case of frequencies The number of dig its after the decimal point depends on the type of numeric value Example Setting SENSe FREQuency CENTer 1GHZ Query SENSe FREQuency CENTer would return 1E9 In some cases numeric values may be returned as text e INF NINF Infinity or negative infinity Represents the numeric values 9 9E37 or 9 9E37 e NAN Not a number Represents the numeric value 9 91E37 NAN is returned in case of errors Boolean Boolean parameters represent two states The ON state logically true is represen ted by ON or a nu
84. d SENSe LTE DL DEMod MCFilter lt State gt This command turns suppression of interfering neighboring carriers on and off e g LTE WCDMA GSM etc Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example DL DEM MCF ON Turns suppression on of neighboring carriers on SENSe LTE DL DEMod PRData lt Reference gt This command the type of reference data to calculate the EVM for the PDSCH Parameters lt Reference gt AUTO Automatic identification of reference data ALLO Reference data is 0 according to the test model definition Example DL DEM PRD ALLO Sets the reference data of the PDSCH to 0 SENSe LTE DL FORMat PSCD lt Format gt This command selects the method of identifying the PDSCH resource allocation 8 12 2 Signal Demodulation Parameters lt Format gt OFF Applies the user configuration of the PDSCH subframe regard less of the signal characteristics PDCCH Identifies the configuration according to the data in the PDCCH DCls PHYDET Manual PDSCH configuration analysis only if the actual sub frame configuration matches the configured one Automatic PDSCH configuration physical detection of the con figuration RST PHYD Example DL FORM PSCD OFF Applies the user configuration and does not check the received signal Compensating Measurement Errors SENSe L TE DL TRACking PHASe ccce tette tette tent
85. d tab of the Demodulation Settings dialog box DL Demod UO DL Frame Config DL Adv Sig Config Data Analysis Channel Estimation EVM 3GPP Definition EVM Calculation Method EVM 3GPP Definition Coded Bits Scrambling WA Auto PDSCH Demod F PDSCH Subframe Detect Physical Detection Boosting Estimation Fi PDSCH Reference Data Auto Detect Multicarrier Filter Chanel e E 64 EVM Calculation MetlyOt EE 65 Scrambling of Coded BEE 65 Auto POSCH Be ee Le EE 65 PDSCH Subframe Configuration Detechon 66 Boost I EISE eegene colle er be nd edle alt b lea bee dune eed 66 POSCH Reference Dalai ra erect E EE noah eR Dese bark e eed eia ex PR UH POE FL pe Ye ERE Pai eU 66 Mu lticarner EE 67 Channel Estimation Selects the method of channel estimation e EVM 3GPP Definition Channel estimation according to 3GPP TS 36 141 This method is based on aver aging in frequency direction and linear interpolation Examines the reference signal only e Optimal Pilot only Optimal channel estimation method Examines the reference signal only e Optimal Pilot and Payload Configuring the Signal Demodulation Optimal channel estimation method Examines both the reference signal and the payload resource elements Remote command SENSe LTE DL DEMod CESTimation on page 133 EVM Calculation Method Selects the method to calculate the EVM e EVM 3GPP Definition Calculation of the EVM according to 3GPP TS 36 141 Evaluates the
86. d the cell group identifier are obtained from different synchronization signals Thus a primary synchronization signal P SYNC and a secondary synchronization signal S SYNC are assigned a predefined structure They are transmitted on the 72 center subcarriers around the DC subcarrier within the same predefined slots twice per 10 ms on different resource elements see figure 1 7 References 10 ms Radio frame a E Fr ab 0 5 ms sub frame 0 5 ms slot ies ims Fig 1 7 P SYNC and S SYNC Structure As additional help during cell search a common control physical channel CCPCH is available which carries BCH type of information e g system bandwidth It is transmit ted at predefined time instants on the 72 subcarriers centered around the DC subcar rier In order to enable the UE to support this cell search concept it was agreed to have a minimum UE bandwidth reception capability of 20 MHz 1 2 5 Downlink Physical Layer Procedures For EUTRA the following downlink physical layer procedures are especially important e Cell search and synchronization See above e Scheduling Scheduling is done in the base station eNodeB The downlink control channel PDCCH informs the users about their allocated time frequency resources and the transmission formats to use The scheduler evaluates different types of informa tion e g quality of service parameters measurements from the UE UE capabili ties and buf
87. dvanced Trigger Spectrum MIMO Configuration DUT MIMO Configuration 1 TX Antenna Tx Antenna Selection Antenna 1 OR Tute T 57 MIMO Configuration Selects the antenna configuration and test conditions for a MIMO system The MIMO configuration selects the number of transmit antennas in the system 1 2 and 4 antenna configurations are possible 5 4 5 4 1 Configuring Spectrum Measurements In setups with multiple antennas antenna selection defines the antenna you d like to test You can select the antenna s to test manually Note that the selected antenna is also the reference antenna for Time Alignment measurements Antenna 1 Tests antenna 1 only Antenna 2 Tests antenna 2 only Antenna 3 Tests antenna 3 only Antenna 4 Tests antenna 4 only Remote command MIMO configuration CONFigure LTE DL MIMO CONFig on page 125 Antenna selection CONFigure LTE DL MIMO ASELection on page 124 Configuring Spectrum Measurements The Spectrum settings contain parameters to configure spectrum measurements ACLR and SEM in particular e General ACLR and SEM Confouraton n 58 Configuring SEM Meassuremmellls neri eee Len e peret rn eR Re RN EXE dun 59 e Configuring ACER Measurements 22 2 err sehe ree reprae poen ted Ve pee ERR bac n AE 60 General ACLR and SEM Configuration The gate settings settings are part of the Spectrum tab of the Genera
88. e A D converter You can either specify the RF Reference Level in dBm or Baseband Reference Level in V depending on the input source You can also use automatic detection of the reference level with the Auto Level function If active the application measures and sets the reference level to its ideal value before each sweep This process slightly increases the measurement time You can define the measurement time of that measurement with the Auto Level Track Time gt Advanced tab Automatic level detection also optimizes RF attenuation Remote command Manual RF CONFigure POWer EXPected RF instrument on page 120 Manual BB CONFigure POWer EXPected IQ instrument on page 120 Automatic SENSe POWer AUTO lt instrument gt STATe on page 122 Auto Level Track Time SENSe POWer AUTO lt instrument gt TIME on page 122 Attenuating the Signal Attenuation of the signal may become necessary if you have to reduce the power of the signal that you have applied Power reduction is necessary for example to prevent an overload of the input mixer The LTE measurement application provides several attenuation modes e External attenuation is always available It controls an external attenuator if you are using one e Mechanical or RF attenuation is always available The mechanical attenuator controls attenuation at the RF input Mechanical attenuation is available in the Advanced tab of the General Se
89. e special TDD subframe configuration Parameters Configuration numeric value Numeric value that defines the subframe configuration Subframe configurations 7 and 8 are only available if the cyclic prefix is normal Range 0 to 8 RST 0 Example CONF DL CYCP NORM Selects normal cyclic prefix CONF DL TDD SPSC 7 Selects subframe configuration 7 available only with a normal cyclic prefix CONFigure LTE DL TDD UDConf Configuration This command selects the UL DL subframe configuration for downlink signals Frame Configuration Parameters lt Configuration gt Range 0 to 6 RST 0 Example CONF DL TDD UDC 2 Selects allocation configuration number 2 8 13 2 Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity CONFOWerLTELDL REENEN itat etta tr eere ENEE ENN 137 CONFigure LTE DL PLC CIDG OUD 2 222 212 1er erento easi eu conocen co ien ra aee ees 137 GONFigure E PERDE Be E E 137 FEVCHIPEC CIDE QUO esa T 138 PETCHPE CG le EE 138 CONFigure LTE DL PLC CID lt Cellld gt This command defines the cell ID Parameters lt Cellld gt AUTO Automatically defines the cell ID lt numeric value gt Number of the cell ID Range 0 to 503 Example CONF DL PLC CID 12 Defines the cell ID 12 CONFigure LTE DL PLC CIDGroup lt GroupNumber gt This command selects the cell ID group for downlink signals Parameters lt GroupNumber gt AUTO Automatic
90. e subframe to 5 CONFigure LTE DL PHICh NOGRoups lt NofGroups gt This command sets the number of PHICH groups Parameters lt NofGroups gt lt numeric value gt RST 0 Example CONF DL PHIC NOGR 5 Sets number of PHICH groups to 5 CONFigure LTE DL PHICh POWer lt Power gt This command defines the relative power of the PHICH Parameters lt Power gt lt numeric value gt RST 3 01 dB Default unit DB Example CONF DL PHIC POW 1 3 Sets the relative power to 1 3 dB 8 14 5 Configuring the Shared Channel CON Figure CL TE EI POSCH ics aate tuse Det Deer etae t eee ais aie cenae 145 CONFigure LTE DL PDSCh PB lt PDSChPB gt This command selects the PDSCH power ratio Note that the power ratio depends on the number of antennas in the system 8 15 8 15 1 Measurement Result Analysis Parameters lt PDSChPB gt Numeric value that defines PDSCH P_B which defines the power ratio in dB 0 1 2 3 See PDSCH Power Ratio for an overview of resulting power ratios RAT1 Ratio 1 regardless of the number of antennas Example CONF DL PDSC PB 3 Selects the PDSCH P B 3 Measurement Result Analysis e Selecting Displayed Dalai te e ett ette tet nee o ted ese pn Res 146 e Selecting UniS iced tec rave a i od eere ora e E ote 148 E ER EE 149 e Ee RE EE 151 e Scaling the Vertical Diagram Axis escsidseeenii tenen the nda 153 Selecting Displayed Data SENSe EE
91. e to four times better than Release 6 The uplink target is two to three times better than Release 6 e Latency The one way transit time between a packet being available at the IP layer in either the UE or radio access network and the availability of this packet at IP layer in the radio access network UE shall be less than 5 ms Also C plane latency shall be reduced e g to allow fast transition times of less than 100 ms from camped state to active state e Bandwidth Scaleable bandwidths of 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz and 20 MHz shall be supported Also bandwidths smaller than 5 MHz shall be supported for more flexibility e Interworking Interworking with existing UTRAN GERAN systems and non 3GPP Systems shall be ensured Multimode terminals shall support handover to and from UTRAN and GERAN as well as inter RAT measurements Interruption time for handover between EUTRAN and UTRAN GERAN shall be less than 300 ms for realtime services and less than 500 ms for non realtime services e Multimedia broadcast multicast services MBMS MBMS shall be further enhanced and is then referred to as E MBMS e Costs Reduced CAPEX and OPEX including backhaul shall be achieved Costef fective migration from Release 6 UTRA radio interface and architecture shall be possible Reasonable system and terminal complexity cost and power consump tion shall be ensured All the interfaces specified shall be open for multivendor equipment interoperability e Mobilit
92. e tte ttn 135 SENSe L TE DL TRACking TIME incen ttn tents 135 SENSe LTE DL TRACking PHASe Type This command selects the phase tracking type for downlink signals Parameters Type OFF Deactivate phase tracking PIL Pilot only PILP Pilot and payload RST OFF Example DL TRAC PHAS PILPAY Use pilots and payload for phase tracking SENSe LTE DL TRACking TIME State This command turns timing tracking for downlink signals on and off Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example DL TRAC TIME ON Activates timing tracking 8 12 3 8 13 8 13 1 Frame Configuration Configuring MIMO Setups GONFigurePbETEEDIEMIMO GROSSIalk 21 ro ede atre a RE Chee ornatu enne nae heads 136 CONFigure L TE DL MIMO CROSstalk State This command turns MIMO crosstalk compensation on and off Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example CONF DL MIMO CROS ON Turns crosstalk compensation on Frame Configuration e Configuring TDD Sigil Sis vec iecore te root reet itera Uere Pot eae du genes 136 e Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identtv sees 137 e Configuring PDSCH Subframes erret nen anri darn 138 Configuring TDD Signals CONFiguine PETE DLAD DSP SC 1 edet raceaa t ce uae co ru et er e eR reete oae 136 GONFig re E TEEDETDD UEBGoODnl 22 cora Gu ree t preter E ENNER EENEG 136 CONFigure LTE DL TDD SPSC Configuration This command selects th
93. ed its end HSPA will bring significant enhancements in 3GPP Release 7 The objective is to enhance the performance of HSPA based radio networks in terms of spectrum efficiency peak data rate and latency and to exploit the full potential of WCDMAbased 5 MHz operation Important features of HSPA are downlink multiple input multiple out put MIMO higher order modulation for uplink and downlink improvements of layer 2 protocols and continuous packet connectivity In order to ensure the competitiveness of UMTS for the next 10 years and beyond concepts for UMTS long term evolution LTE have been investigated The objective is a high data rate low latency and packet optimized radio access technology There fore a study item was launched in 3GPP Release 7 on evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access EUTRA and evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access network EUTRAN LTE EUTRA will then form part of 3GPP Release 8 core specifications This introduction focuses on LTE EUTRA technology In the following the terms LTE or EUTRA are used interchangeably In the context of the LTE study item 3GPP work first focused on the definition of requirements e g targets for data rate capacity spectrum efficiency and latency Also commercial aspects such as costs for installing and operating the network were considered Based on these requirements technical concepts for the air interface transmission schemes and protocols were studied Notably LTE uses new
94. ee nennen nennen nnn nennen nnne 57 Configuring Spectrum Measurements essent 58 General ACLR and SEM Confiouration eee 58 Configuring SEM Measurements eene nennen nnns 59 Configuring ACLR Measurements eene 60 Defining Advanced Measurement Characteristics eeseeuususs 62 Controlling I G Data etr rtr eripe e RE pen aaa r her Ra eX E 62 Controlling the Wp LEE 62 Configuring the Digital UO Input 63 Configuring the Signal Demodulation esee 64 Configuring the Data Analyse 64 Compensating Measurement Eors nenne 67 Contiguring MIMO TEE 67 Configuring Downlink Frames eeeeeeseceeeeeeeenennnn nennen nnne nnne nnn 68 Contiguring TDD Signals irn eit rh E epe ta ten e ede Rte YR RR ERA 68 Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Jdenttv 70 Configuring POSCH Gubirames sss 71 Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics ccccseccessecesseeeeeseeeeesseeeeeeeeesseeeeeeeees 74 Defining the PDSCH Resource Block Symbol Offset 74 Configuring the Reference Gional nnt 75 Configuring the Synchronization Sons 75 Configuring the Control Channels emm emm ene 76 Configuring the Shared Channel 80 Analyzing Measurement Results eere 81 6 1 6 2 6 3 6 4 6 5 6 6 7 1 7 2 7 3 8 1 8 2 8 2 1 8 2 2 8 2 3 8 2 4 8 2 5 8 2 6 8 3 8 4 8 5 8 6 8 6 1 8 6 2 8 7 8 7 1 8 7 2 8 7 3 8 7 4 8 8 8 9 8 9
95. ee nne a paa a nas P aaa ransana 27 Measuring the Power Over Time eeeseseeeeeeeneeeennen nnne nnne nnne nnne 30 Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude EVM eee 34 Measuring the Spectr m eterne tniri einer ce rrara 38 Frequency Sweep Measurements enne 38 VQ Measurements enne enne tenens kiani enhn sinn tren nns nennen 41 Measuring the Symbol Constellation eese nnn 45 4 6 5 1 5 2 5 2 1 5 2 2 5 2 3 5 2 4 5 2 5 5 3 5 4 5 4 1 5 4 2 5 4 3 5 5 5 5 1 5 5 2 5 5 3 5 6 5 6 1 5 6 2 5 6 3 5 7 5 7 1 5 7 2 5 7 3 5 8 5 8 1 5 8 2 5 8 3 5 8 4 5 8 5 Measuring Statistics 22cccccccccctscccsccctsicesscccntecessccnteecsscccteesessccttieesscactivtessastizesessssceees 46 Configuring and Performing the Measurement 49 Performing Measurements eese nnne nennen nenne nennen nnn nnn 49 Defining General Measurement Characteristics esses 50 Defining Signal Characteristics eene 51 Configuring the Input Level Eugen perte n epu Exe ERE RE nte PR Runde 52 Configuring the Data Capture eeeeeiseee eene nennen snae n nana kenn ean R 54 Configuring On Off Power Measurements eene 55 Triggering Measurements creen teinte eh iara Elan aL RR Rao E ERES RR ARR iNNR 56 Configuring MIMO Setups eeeeeeesssseseseeeeeeeene e
96. elevant for the LTE application lt m gt Selects a marker Irrelevant for the LTE application lt n gt Selects a measurement window lt subframe gt Selects a subframe lt t gt Selects a trace Irrelevant for the LTE application R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands 8 2 Introduction Commands are program messages that a controller e g a PC sends to the instru ment or software They operate its functions setting commands or events and request information query commands Some commands can only be used in one way others work in two ways setting and query If not indicated otherwise the com mands can be used for settings and queries The syntax of a SCPI command consists of a header and in most cases one or more parameters To use a command as a query you have to append a question mark after the last header element even if the command contains a parameter A header contains one or more keywords separated by a colon Header and parame ters are separated by a white space ASCII code 0 to 9 11 to 32 decimal e g blank If there is more than one parameter for a command these are separated by a comma from one another Only the most important characteristics that you need to know when working with SCPI commands are described here For a more complete description refer to the User Manual of the R amp S FSV Remote command examples Note that some remote command examples mentioned in t
97. ent Result Query esesessessseeeeeeeene entente enne tnnt 105 Using the TRACeEDATA Command tec tee decern 105 Reading Results eter eh aie Gide cu cr b ga e rot re ud ree 115 ET IEN d e eine EE EIIRIRRRIITEERERRIRIE tes sseee ERAN KM DRE RRN RR NDA ARR RRREERIRA 118 Defining Signal Characherlsttce eene 118 Gontiguring the Input Eevel J ue dq e er e i t e ce ae 120 Gontiguring Kr HEET 123 Configuring On Off Power Measurement ccccccceceeceeeeeeeeceeeeeeneeeeseeeesenaeeeeeeeens 124 MIMO ET CT 124 Advanced Settings ttt ERE ER Ie ERERE ER ERRRRM NAAK RERA EEKE 125 Controlling VQ Me E 125 8 9 2 Controlling the MPUt ssiri eene nennen ener nre 125 8 9 3 Configuring the Digital UO Input nemen 126 8 10 Trigger Configuration einer renari naaraassa aK ananasas iniaa exuta naa neis s 127 8 11 Spectrum Measurements leseeeeeseeeeeeeseee ee enn ennnen nunne nennen ennnen nnee 128 8 42 Signal Demodulation entere nananana asiaa x io raa nn Bde nena p aes iaaa EE 132 8 12 1 Configuring the Data Analyse 132 8 12 2 Compensating Measurement Erors 135 8 12 3 Configuring MIMO Getunps ainai nennen 136 8 43 Frame Configuration ie ni ceret Rear trei etx RR XO EE axe ERE ade Peau RES 136 8 13 1 Configuring TDD Gionals nee nennen 136 8 13 2 Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity 137 8 13 3 Configuring PDSCH Gubtirames eee eene 138 8 14 Advanced Sign
98. er control signs are ignored until all bytes are transmitted 0 specifies a data block of indefinite length The use of the indefinite for mat requires a NL END message to terminate the data block This format is useful when the length of the transmission is not known or if speed or other considerations prevent segmentation of the data into blocks of definite length Measurement Selection CALC late sis FEED et aie e e dte etai xo eee exe sende da cadera e xe an a e RE ERE UR 95 DISPlay WINDOW NI TABLE aoo iet poe eu E ERR Re ee EE Rte x E raodo e accu EES 96 CALCulate lt n gt FEED lt DispType gt This command selects the measurement and result display Parameters lt DispType gt String containing the short form of the result display See table below for details Example Measurement Selection CALC2 FEED PVT CBUF Select Capture Buffer to be displayed on screen B Result display Parameter ACLR SPEC ACP Allocation Summary STAT ASUM Bitstream STAT BSTR Capture Buffer PVT CBUF CCDF STAT CCDF Constellation Diagram CONS CONS EVM vs Carrier EVM EVCA EVM vs RB EVM EVRP EVM vs Subframe EVM EVSU EVM vs Symbol EVM EVSY Flatness Difference SPEC FLAT Frequency Error vs Symbol EVM FEVS Group Delay SPEC GDEL On Off Power PVT OOP Power Spectrum SPEC PSPE Power vs RB PDSCH SPEC PVRP Power vs RB RS SPEC PVRR Spectrum F
99. eration using an IFFT The vector Sm is defined as the useful OFDM symbol It is the time superposition of the N narrowband modulated subcarriers Therefore from a parallel stream of N sources of data each one independently modulated a waveform composed of N orthogonal subcarriers is obtained with each subcarrier having the shape of a frequency sinc function see figure 1 1 figure 1 3 illustrates the mapping from a serial stream of QAM symbols to N parallel streams used as frequency domain bins for the IFFT The N point time domain blocks obtained from the IFFT are then serialized to create a time domain signal Not shown in figure 1 3 is the process of cyclic prefix insertion QAM symbol rate N T symbols sec QAM symbol OFDM Useful OFDM RE Fig 1 3 OFDM Signal Generation Chain In contrast to an OFDM transmission scheme OFDMA allows the access of multiple users on the available bandwidth Each user is assigned a specific time frequency resource As a fundamental principle of EUTRA the data channels are shared chan nels i e for each transmission time interval of 1 ms a new scheduling decision is taken regarding which users are assigned to which time frequency resources during this transmission time interval 1 2 2 OFDMA Parameterization A generic frame structure is defined for both EUTRA FDD and TDD modes Addition ally an alternative frame structure is defined for the TDD mode only The EUTRA frame structures are defi
100. est models E TM In case of downlink signals the 3GPP standard TS 36 141 already defines several EUTRA test models E TM for specific test scenarios These test models are split into User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 88 Test Models three main groups E TM1 E TM2 and E TM3 and are defined by the following char acteristics single antenna port single code word single layer and no precoding duration of one frame normal cyclic prefix localized virtual resource blocks no intra subframe hopping for PDSCH UE specific reference signal not used The data content of the physical channels and signals are defined in the 3GPP stand ard Each E TM is defined for for all bandwidths defined in the standard 1 4 MHz 3 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz Table 7 1 Test scenarios for E TM as defined by 3GPP e E TM1 1 BS output power Unwanted emissions Transmitter intermodulation RS absolute accuracy e E TM12 ACLR Operating band unwanted emissions e E TM2 Total power dynamic range lower OFDM symbol power limit at min power EVM of single 64QAM PRB allocation at min power Frequency error at min power e E TM3 1 Output power dynamics Transmitted signal quality frequency error and EVM for 64QAM modulation at max power e E TM32 Transmitted signal quality Frequency error EVM for 16QAM modulation e E TM3 3 Transmitted signal quality Frequency error EVM for QPSK modulation Remote command MM
101. fer status e Link adaptation Link adaptation is already known from HSDPA as adaptive modulation and coding Also in EUTRA modulation and coding for the shared data channel is not fixed but rather is adapted according to radio link quality For this purpose the UE regularly reports channel quality indications CQI to the eNodeB e Hybrid automatic repeat request ARQ Downlink hybrid ARQ is also known from HSDPA It is a retransmission protocol The UE can request retransmissions of incorrectly received data packets 1 3 References 1 3GPP TS 25 913 Requirements for E UTRA and E UTRAN Release 7 2 3GPP TR 25 892 Feasibility Study for Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM for UTRAN enhancement Release 6 3 3GPP TS 36 211 v8 3 0 Physical Channels and Modulation Release 8 References 4 3GPP TS 36 300 E UTRA and E UTRAN Overall Description Stage 2 Release 8 5 3GPP TS 22 978 All IP Network AIPN feasibility study Release 7 6 3GPP TS 25 213 Spreading and modulation FDD 7 Speth M Fechtel S Fock G and Meyr H Optimum Receiver Design for Wire less Broad Band Systems Using OFDM Part IEEE Trans on Commun Vol 47 1999 No 11 pp 1668 1677 8 Speth M Fechtel S Fock G and Meyr H Optimum Receiver Design for OFDM Based Broadband Transmission Part Il A Case Study IEEE Trans on Com mun Vol 49 2001 No 4 pp 571 578 Installing the Software 2 Welcome
102. he 4th out of 14 OFDM symbols within a subframe in case of frame type 1 normal CP length contains exclusively PDSCH FETCh SUMMary OSTP AVERage on page 103 Shows the average time domain power of the analyzed signal FETCh SUMMary POWer AVERage on page 104 Shows the peak to average power ratio of captured signal FETCh SUMMary CRESt AVERage on page 100 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays 4 2 Measuring the Power Over Time This chapter contains information on all measurements that show the power of a signal over time Capture BRUMG p St 30 OM ON SI TE TER ROO 31 Capture Buffer The Capture Buffer result display shows the complete range of captured data for the last data capture The x axis represents time The maximum value of the x axis is equal to the Capture Time The y axis represents the amplitude of the captured UO data in dBm for RF input A Capture Memory dBm Ref 20dBm np 0 00 0 00 dB CW 2 0 msidiv Fig 4 1 Capture buffer without zoom The header of the diagram shows the reference level the mechanical and electrical attenuation and the trace mode The green bar at the bottom of the diagram represents the frame that is currently ana lyzed A blue vertical line at the beginning of the green bar in the Capture Buffer display rep resents the subframe start Additionally the diagram contains the Start Offset value This
103. he corresponding result display Usually the best way to view the results is if they fit ideally in the diagram area in order to view the complete trace This is the way the application scales the y axis if you have turned on automatic scaling But it may become necessary to see a more detailed version of the results In that case turn on fixed scaling for the y axis Fixed scaling becomes available when you turn off automatic scaling For a fixed scaling define the distance between two grid lines scaling per division and the point of origin of the y axis the offset Remote command Automatic scaling DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe AUTO on page 154 Manual scaling DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe FIXScale OFFSet on page 154 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe FIXScale PERDiv on page 154 6 6 Using Markers The firmware application provides marker functionality to work with You can use a marker to mark specific points on traces or to read out measurement results B EVM vs Carrier 1 54 MHz div Fig 6 3 Example Marker The MKR key opens the corresponding submenu You can activate up to four markers with the Marker lt x gt softkeys The first marker is always a normal marker Markers 2 to 4 are delta marker by default The reference marker for the delta marker is marker 1 You can turn all delta markers into normal markers with the Marker Norm Delta soft key After pressing the Marker lt x gt softkey y
104. he fine timing block prior to the FFT allows a timing improvement and makes sure that the EVM window is centered on the measured cyclic prefix of the considered OFDM symbol For the 3GPP EVM calcula tion according to 3GPP TS 36 211 v8 9 0 the block window produces three signals taken at the timing offsets Af and 4t For the reference path only the signal taken at the timing offset 5 is used The LTE Downlink Analysis Measurement Application l Q data capture buffer Frequen cy Subcarrier compensation selection M ease Ela Frame Jum synchronisation Figearse Fine timi reference path H SES Coarse channel ET est RS based compensation SFO optional pme ason Phase sync SFO Phase sync RS and data pilots res CFO Customized compensation signals at time offsets AC AT and AT res CFO tracking Fig 3 1 Block diagram for the LTE DL measurement application After the time to frequency transformation by an FFT of length Nee the phase syn chronization block is used to estimate the following e the relative sampling frequency offset c SFO e the residual carrier frequency offset Af es CFO e the common phase error CPE According to 3GPP TS 25 913 and 3GPP TR 25 892 the uncompensated samples can be expressed as jo j2z Ns NGC j2n Ns Nr Afe TAI ds A Hig eli ei s Neer ell s N rrr Afres
105. he zoom function is not available for all result displays If you have more than one active trace it is possible to assign the marker to a specific trace Press the Marker Trace softkey in the marker to menu and specify the trace in the corresponding dialog box SCPI commands See chapter 8 15 4 Using Delta Markers on page 151 mum PEL gt E gt eae User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 86 File Manager 7 File Management File E Le EE 87 e SAVE RECALDE Gy ac eter cleo egent etra Cent e ea e ap eee a 88 LEM DoD e 88 7 1 File Manager The root menu of the application includes a File Manager with limited functions for quick access to file management functionality Loading a Frame Setup The frame setup or frame description describes the complete modulation structure of the signal such as bandwidth modulation etc The frame setup is stored as an XML file XML files are very commonly used to describe hierarchical structures in an easy to read format for both humans and PC A typical frame setup file would look like this lt FrameDefinition LinkDirection downlink TDDULDLAllocationConfiguration 0 RessourceBlocks 50 CP auto RefSigSubcarrierOffset Auto PSYNCBoostingdB 0 SSYNCBoostingdB 0 ReferenceSignalBoostingdB 0 PBCHSymbolOffset 7 PBCHLength 4 PCFICHIsPresent false PHICHNumGroups 0 PHICHDuration Normal PHICHBoostingdB 0 PDCCHIsPresent false PSS
106. his command defines the relative power of an allocation in a downlink subframe Parameters Power numeric value RST 0 dB Default unit DB Example CONF DL SUBF2 ALL5 POW 1 3 Defines a relative power of 1 3 dB for allocation 5 in subframe 2 8 14 8 14 1 Advanced Signal Characteristics CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame lt subframe gt ALLoc lt allocation gt RBCount lt ResourceBlocks gt This command selects the number of resource blocks of an allocation in a downlink subframe Parameters ResourceBlocks numeric value RST 6 Example CONF DL SUBF2 ALL5 RBC 25 Defines 25 resource block for allocation 5 in subframe 2 CONFigure LTE DL 5UBFrame lt subframe gt ALLoc lt allocation gt RBOFfset lt Offset gt This command defines the resource block offset of an allocation in a downlink sub frame Parameters lt Offset gt lt numeric value gt RST 0 Example CONF DL SUBF2 ALL5 RBOF 3 Defines a resource block offset of 3 for allocation 5 in subframe 2 CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame lt subframe gt ALLoc lt allocation gt UEID ID This command defines the ID or N_RNTI Parameters lt ID gt ID of the user equipment Example CONF DL SUBF2 ALL5 UEID 5 Assigns the ID 5 to allocation 5 in subframe 2 Advanced Signal Characteristics e Defining the PDSCH Resource Block Symbol Offset 140 e Configuring the Reference SIGMAl icc auccis tacere er ree ee 141 e Configuring
107. his command defines the point of origin of the y axis and thus has an effect on the scale of the y axis Note that the command only affects the result display selected with DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SELect Parameters lt Origin gt Point of origin of the y axis The unit depends on the result display you want to scale Example See chapter 8 15 Measurement Result Analysis on page 146 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe FIXScale PERDiv Distance This command defines the distance between two grid lines on the y axis and thus has an effect on the scale of the y axis Note that the command only affects the result display selected with DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SELect Parameters lt Distance gt The unit depends on the result display you want to scale Example See chapter 8 15 Measurement Result Analysis on page 146 Software Configuration GON L D 155 DISPlayEWINDowstri SELecl A8 Cegegegd pee tare to tatsdedaedeipanavedectaeetenslaiseseotateaeeneee 155 uj oi MANN 155 MMEMory EOAD BEModselling 21 ui umi ceased eet oe eo pereo pese ENEE EY RR REENEN 155 MMEMoncbOADITMOD DL heec dp er ERE en EE Run Exi nan e ER ERCTAARRR Pe PA A RRERUE 155 Software Configuration CONFigure PRESet Initiates a preset to the default state of the software and if connected to an analyzer also presets the analyzer Example CONF PRES Presets the software Usage Event DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SELect This co
108. his general introduction may not be supported by this particular application 8 2 1 Conventions used in Descriptions Note the following conventions used in the remote command descriptions e Command usage If not specified otherwise commands can be used both for setting and for querying parameters If a command can be used for setting or querying only or if it initiates an event the usage is stated explicitely e Parameter usage If not specified otherwise a parameter can be used to set a value and it is the result of a query Parameters required only for setting are indicated as Setting parameters Parameters required only to refine a query are indicated as Query parameters Parameters that are only returned as the result of a query are indicated as Return values e Conformity Commands that are taken from the SCPI standard are indicated as SCPI con firmed All commands used by the R amp S FSV follow the SCPI syntax rules e Asynchronous commands A command which does not automatically finish executing before the next com mand starts executing overlapping command is indicated as an Asynchronous command e Reset values RST User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 91 8 2 2 8 2 3 8 2 4 Introduction Default parameter values that are used directly after resetting the instrument RST command are indicated as RST values if available e Default unit This is the unit used for numeric values if no other unit is provided with
109. ier n gt lt I SF1 Sym0 Carrier1 gt lt Q SF1 Sym0 Carrier1 gt lt I SF1 Sym0 Carrier n gt Q SF 1 SymO Car rier n I SF1 Sym1 Carrier1 Q SF 1 Sym1 Carrier1 lt I SF1 Sym1 Carrier n gt Q SF 1 Sym1 Car rier n I SF n Sym n Carrier1 Q SF n Sym n Carrier1 lt I SF n Sym n Carrier n gt Q SF n Sym n Carrier n gt With SF subframe and Sym symbol of that subframe The and Q values have no unit The number of return values depends on the constellation selection By default it returns all resource elements including the DC carrier The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns all constellation points included in the selection 8 6 1 10 EVM vs Carrier For the EVM vs Carrier result display the command returns one value for each subcar rier that has been analyzed lt EVM gt The unit depends on UNIT EVM The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns the average EVM over all subframes e TRACE2 Returns the minimum EVM found over all subframes If you are analyzing a particu lar subframe it returns nothing e TRACE3 8 6 1 11 8 6 1 12 8 6 1 13 Measurement Result Query Returns the maximum EVM found over all subframes If you are analyzing a partic ular subframe it returns nothing EVM vs RB For the EVM vs RB result display the command returns one value for each resource
110. igger source is available with option R amp S FSV K9 and a connected power sensor You can define a power level for an external IF power RF power or power sensor trigger The name and contents of the Power Level field depend on the selected trigger mode It is available only in combination with the corresponding trigger mode The measurement starts as soon as the trigger event happens It may become neces sary to start the measurement some time after the trigger event In that case define a trigger offset or trigger delay The trigger offset is the time that should pass between the trigger event and the start of the measurement The trigger offset may be a negative time The trigger offset is then called a pretrigger The trigger offset is available for all trigger modes except free run A trigger event usually is a certain level value The trigger hysteresis defines a dis tance to the trigger level that the input signal must stay below in order to fulfill the trig ger condition If you want to have a minimum time between indivudual measurements set a trigger holdoff A trigger holdoff defines a waiting period that must at least pass between one trigger event and the next Remote command For a comprehensive list of commands to define trigger characteristics see chap ter 8 10 Trigger Configuration on page 127 Configuring MIMO Setups The MIMO Configuration contains settings to configure MIMO test setups General EXIT A
111. iled description you will find a short summary of the most important functions of the command TRACe DATA e Adjacent Channel Leakage Rallo eiii eeest iere eter d tton ca 106 AAllacaliom SUMMARY eed Eege rem rn e Rx RR ee 107 CL D ERES 107 Capture BUNCE EE 108 e ec E 108 e Channel and Spectrum FIathess 1 rre re eie eee EE EES aseo ex rede ENER tases 109 e Channel and Spectrum Flatness Difterence 109 e Channel Group Delgy oiu fe bete ko d 109 e Constellation Dia Gta suae ce ettet tt cete ctt cette etr c dete ctae 110 EVM VS Camel eU PEE 110 e UAURI C ME 111 e EVM YS SUDAN utto ette xtti ege td e t deese da PAR 111 e EVM vs Symbol nere ete deed Hd a pe d ER a 111 Preguency Eror VS Symbol 2 rete E er Pe ER madera engen 112 AECUti POWER c nats 112 C Power opa UU EA 112 Powervs E 112 e PowervsIB Re TT 113 Speci BITISSIDISIMASK ott dete e x caen b hg tere in bee ege ve Re RR RAN QR RS 113 e Return Value ele EE 114 8 6 1 1 Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio For the ACLR result display the number and type of returns values depend on the parameter e TRACE1 Returns one value for each trace point e LIST R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Remote Commands Returns the contents of the ACLR table For each channel it returns six values lt channel type gt lt bandwidth gt lt spacing offset gt lt power of lower channe
112. in lead to a Timing not adjus ted status display If the adjustment fails an error message is shown and the adjustment state is still not adjusted To find out what causes the synchronization failure you should perform a regular EVM measurement i e leave the ON OFF Power measurement Then you can use all the measurement results like EVM vs Carrier to get more detailed informa tion about the failure The timing adjustment will succeed if the Sync State in the header is OK Using a R amp S FSQ or R amp S FSG it is recommended to use the external trigger mode since for high power signals a successful synchronization is not guaranteed under cer tain circumstances Pressing the Run Single hotkey starts the averaging of the traces of the number of frames given in the Genera Settings dialog After performing all sweeps the table in the upper half of the screen shows if the measurements pass or fail Numerical Results 4 Measurements and Result Displays The LTE measurement application features several measurements to examine and analyze different aspects of an LTE signal The source of the data that is processed is either a live signal or a previously recorded signal whose characteristics have been saved to a file For more information see Selecting the Input Source on page 63 For more information on the functionality to actually perform the measurement see chapter 5 1 Performing Measurements on page 49 e Numerical Re
113. include only a particular OFDM symbol e Carrier Filters the results to include only a particular subcarrier e Location Note that the PHICH is CDMA encoded Thus the constellation points for the PHICH are either created before or after CDMA encoding If you have selected After MIMO CDMA Decoder filtering by Symbol and Car rier is not available Instead you can filter by Symbol and Codeword The result display is updated as soon as you make the changes Note that the constellation selection is applied to all windows in split screen mode if the windows contain constellation diagrams Remote command Modulation SENSe LTE MODulation SELect on page 147 Allocation SENSe LTE ALLocation SELect on page 146 Symbol SENSe LTE SYMBol SELect on page 148 Carrier SENSe LTE CARRier SELect on page 147 Location SENSe LTE LOCation SELect on page 147 Scaling the Y Axis In the Y Axis tab of the Measurement Settings dialog box you can set various parameters that affect some result displays Selection Units Misc Y Axis Screen B EVM Ys Carrier Auto Scaling Fixed Scaling Per Division 2 Offset 0 VAK Or oe ee ee aaa a aara aa aa 85 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Analyzing Measurement Results Y Axis Scale The y axis scaling determines the vertical resolution of the measurement results The scaling you select always applies to the currently active screen and t
114. ions overlap In that case check if the length and offset values of the allocations are correct Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics Number of Allocations 6 Subframe Bandwidth 3 MHz or 15 Resource Blocks 5 8 Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics The downlink advanced signal characteristics contain settings that describe the detailed structure of a downlink LTE signal You can find the advanced signal characteristics in the Demod Settings dialog box e Defining the PDSCH Resource Block Symbol Offset 74 e Configuring the Reference Gonal sse eene 75 e Configuring the Synchronization Gong 75 e Configuring the Control Channels rettet utto t ruere tt tenen tta 76 e Configuring the Shared Channel 80 5 8 4 Defining the PDSCH Resource Block Symbol Offset The PDSCH Resource Block PRB symbol offset is part of the global settings in the Downlink Adv Sig Config tab of the Demodulation Settings dialog box DL Demod DL Frame Config Global Settings PRB Symbol Offset Auto PCFICH PRB Symbol Offset 2 erii titre ceteri teme cerni eco d 74 PRB Symbol Offset PRB Symbol Offset specifies the symbol offset of the PDSCH allocations relative to the subframe start This setting applies to all subframes in a frame With this settings the number of OFDM symbols used for control channels is defined too For example if this parameter is set to 2 and the PDCCH is enabled the number of OFDM symbols actual
115. is represents the frequency On the y axis the group delay is plotted in ns B Group Delay ns 1 54 MHzidiv Remote command Selecting the result display CALCulate lt n gt FEED SPEC GDEL Querying results TRACe DATA Channel Flatness Difference Starts the Channel Flatness Difference result display This result display shows the level difference in the spectrum flatness result between two adjacent physical subcarriers The currently selected subframe depends on your selection The x axis represents the frequency On the y axis the power is plotted in dB User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 44 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays B Flatness Difference dB 1 54 MHzidiv Remote command Selecting the result display CALCulate lt n gt FEED SPEC FDIF Querying results TRACe DATA 4 5 Measuring the Symbol Constellation This chapter contains information on all measurements that show the constellation of a signal Constellation DIagram io ua SEENEN EE EERANEEER ENNER EERE 45 Constellation Diagram Starts the Constellation Diagram result display This result display shows the inphase and quadrature phase results and is an indicator of the quality of the modulation of the signal In the default state the result display evaluates the full range of the measured input data You can filter the results in the Constellation Selection dialog box The ideal points for the selected mod
116. ive power P SYNC Relative power reference signal Relative power S SYNC AE 76 Remote commands Basics ofi Syntax irsini t prt erret 91 Boolean values Capitalization Character data Data DIOCKS trig bere cines Numeric values OptiorialiKGyWOlds aseissa a teen 92 Paratmielers cire mcr dee crea tee ce rena Rn oe az 93 DI 95 ei Tu E ER Resource BIOCKS errorem toten ccr eese 52 Result Display Constellation Selection ssssssess 83 Result summary irren 27 S Scrambling of coded bits ssssssssssssses 65 Screen Layout 16 Selected Subframe sse 71 Setting P S SYNC Tx antenna ssssssseeseeeeeen 75 Settings 72 AU o SEPA Pr 70 Auto PDSCH Demod 65 boosting estimation 66 Capture TME EUER 54 CSUN I TNT 70 Cell Identity Group rsssssssssesissrsernasrironesrisesenssreandirisnssse 70 Channel Bandwidth essssssssseeees 52 Channel Estimation essssssssseene 64 Configurable Subframes sessssssssss 71 s eler 71 Digital Input Data Rate nennen 63 Error in Subframe ccccccccssseceeeeeseessseeeeeeeeeesesteeeee 71 EVM Calculation Method sss 65 ENEE eegene eer iege ees Ft c e per a aep O A 53 FrEgUENOY rociar 51 Full Scale Level 63 pn ecient eet dees
117. k They contain three parts or fields e DwPTS The DwPTS is the downlink part of the special subframe It is used to transmit downlink data e GP The guard period makes sure that there are no overlaps of up and downlink sig nals during a switch e UpPTS The UpPTS is the uplink part of the special subframe It is used to transmit uplink data The length of the three fields is variable This results in several possible configurations of the special subframe The LTE standard defines 10 different configurations for the special subframe However configurations 8 and 9 only work for a normal cyclic prefix If you select configurations 8 or 9 using an extended cyclic prefix or automatic detec tion of the cyclic prefix the application will show an error message Remote command Subframe CONFigure LTE DL TDD UDConf on page 136 Special subframe CONFigure LTE DL TDD SPSC on page 136 Configuring Downlink Frames 5 7 2 Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity The physical signal characteristics contain settings to describe the phyiscal attributes of an LTE signal The physical settings are part of the Frame Configuration tab of the Demodulation Settings dialog box DL Demod Meena DL Adv Sig Config Physical Layer Cell Identity Auto P4 Cell ID 0 Cell Identity Group 0 Identity 0 Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity criteria 70 Configuring the Physical Layer Cell Identity The cell ID cel
118. king PHASe on page 135 Timing Specifies whether or not the measurement results should be compensated for timing error When timing compensation is used the measurement results will be compensa ted for timing error on a per symbol basis Remote command SENSe LTE DL TRACking TIME on page 135 Configuring MIMO Setups The MIMO settings contain settings that configure MIMO measurement setups The MIMO settings are part of the Downlink Demod tab of the Demodulation Set tings dialog box Configuring Downlink Frames DL Frame Config DL Adv Sig Config _ MIMO Compensate Crosstalk Componse Crosstalk oot rane ri rennen eee ERR EN b e M DER 68 Compensate Crosstalk Turns compensation of crosstalk produced by one of the components in the test setup on and off Turn this feature on if you expect crosstalk from the DUT or another component in the test setup This may be necessary for example for over the air measurements If you connect the DUT to the analyzer by cable turn off crosstalk compensation In that case the only crosstalk results from the DUT itself and contributes as distortion to the measurement results Crosstalk compensation must be activated for Time Alignment Error measurements For more information see chapter 3 4 Performing Time Alignment Measurements on page 23 Remote command CONFigure LTE DL MIMO CROSstalk on page 136 5 7 Configuring Downlink Frames The frame c
119. l Settings dia log box General MIMO Advanced Trigger ETT SEM ACLR Settings Auto Gating Span Auto Span 50 MHz Auto Gating Turns gating for SEM and ACLR measurements on and off If on the application evaluates the on periods of an LTE TDD signal only The applica tion determines the location and length of the on period from the TDD UL DL Alloca tions and the Configuration of the Special Subframe Note that the automatic cyclic prefix mode detection is not supported if you have turned on Auto Gating In that case you have to select the cyclic prefix mode manually Auto gating is available for TDD measurements in combination with an external or IF power trigger 5 4 2 Configuring Spectrum Measurements If you are using an external trigger the DUT has to send an LTE frame trigger Remote command SENSe SWEep EGATe AUTO on page 132 Span Defines the frequency span that is displayed in the frequency sweep result displays SEM and ACLR When the Auto Span is on the application automatically calculates the ideal span for the measured signal The ideal span for the signal depends on the channel bandwidth that you have selected Alternatively you can define the span manually when you turn the Auto Span off When you define the span manually you can enter any number that is greater than the span that would be calculated automatically This mechanism makes sure that the span is not t
120. l characteristics the second trace shows the sub frame with the maximum level characteristics and the third subframe shows the aver aged level characteristics of all subframes P TAD E 7 hee eee Oe E NE T Ree e VE SL EE ett dar eT Fait A ARC A Sit ah ala V wu Nil with Ea e PK peak value e AV average value e MI minimum value If you select a specific subframe the application shows one trace This trace contains the results for that subframe only Remote command SENSe LTE SUBFrame SELect on page 148 6 2 Defining Measurement Units In the Units tab of the Measurement Settings dialog box you can select the unit for various measurement results EVM UNE EE 82 EVM Unit Selects the unit for graphic and numerical EVM measurement results Possible units are dB and Remote command UNIT EVM on page 149 6 3 Defining Various Measurement Parameters In the Misc tab of the Measurement Settings dialog box you can set various param eters that affect some result displays Bit SliredmiPoTtiliak u aaa ee Eee deeg 82 Bit Stream Format Selects the way the bit stream is displayed mum EP E INE NN NS ON UU User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 82 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Analyzing Measurement Results The bit stream is either a stream of raw bits or of symbols In case of the symbol for mat the bits that belong to a symbol are shown as hexadecimal numbers with two dig its Exa
121. l gt lt power of upper channel gt lt limit gt The unit of the bandwidth and spacing offset is Hz The unit of the power values is either dBm for the TX channel or dB for the neigh boring channels The unit of the limit is dB The channel type is encoded For the code assignment see chapter 8 6 1 20 Return Value Codes on page 114 Note that the TX channel does not have a spacing offset power of lower channel and limit NaN is returned instead 8 6 1 2 Allocation Summary For the Allocation Summary the command returns seven values for each line of the table lt subframe gt lt allocation ID gt lt number of RB gt lt relative power gt lt modulation gt lt absolute power gt lt EVM gt The unit for absolute power is always dBm The unit for relative power is always dB The unit for EvM depends on UNIT EVM All other values have no unit The allocation ID and modulation are encoded For the code assignment see chapter 8 6 1 20 Return Value Codes on page 114 Note that the data format of the return values is always ASCII Example Allocation Summary Selection Antenna 1 Sub Humber Rel Modulation Power per frame 11 of RB Pover dB d RE dBm 0 000 0 000 0 005 0 005 TRAC DATA TRACE1 would return 0 5 0 0 0000000000000 2 45 5463829153428 7 33728660354122E 05 0 3 0 0 0073997452251 6 42 5581007463452 2 5419734921945
122. l identity group and physical layer identity are interdependent parame ters In combination they are responsible for synchronization between network and user equipment The physical layer cell ID identifies a particular radio cell in the LTE network The cell identities are divided into 168 unique cell identity groups Each group consists of 3 physical layer identities According to Nip 23 Nip e Nip N cell identity group 0 167 NO physical layer identity 0 2 there is a total of 504 different cell IDs If you change one of these three parameters the application automatically updates the other two For automatic detection of the cell ID turn the Auto function on Before it can establish a connection the user equipment must synchronize to the radio cell it is in For this purpose two synchronization signals are transmitted on the down link These two signals are reference signals whose content is defined by the Physical Layer Identity and the Cell Identity Group The first signal is one of 3 possible Zadoff Chu sequences The sequence that is used is defined by the physical layer identity It is part of the P SYNC The second signal is one of 168 unique sequences The sequence is defined by the cell identity group This sequence is part of the S SYNC In addition to the synchronization information the cell ID also determines e the cyclic shifts for PCFICH PHICH and PDCCH mapping Configuring Downlink Frames
123. latness SPEC FLAT Spectrum Emission Mask SPEC SEM Time Alignment Error PVT ITAER DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TABLe State This command turns the result summary on and off Parameters State Example ON Turns the result summary on and removes all graphical results from the screen OFF Turns the result summary off and restores the graphical results that were previously set DISP TABL OFF Turns the result summary off Measurement Execution 8 4 Measurement Execution IN ate CON ME OC 97 le Ip BUS M 97 b bacucimcci m 97 SBNSelEETEEOOPOWeRTIMIG EE 98 IENSel SNCTSTATet ttt tette tente tentent ttes totes t tosta 98 INITiate CONTinuous State This command controls the sweep mode Parameters State ON OFF ON Continuous sweep OFF Single sweep RST OFF Example INIT CONT OFF Switches the sequence to single sweep INIT CONT ON Switches the sequence to continuous sweep INITiate IMMediate This command initiates a new measurement sequence With a frame count gt 0 this means a restart of the corresponding number of measure ments In single sweep mode you can synchronize to the end of the measurement with OPC In continuous sweep mode synchronization to the end of the sweep is not possible Example INIT Initiates a new measurement Usage Event INITiate REFResh This command updates the curre
124. lm 2 ertt nt 66 C Captutre bUlfer ege ede 30 Capture Time 1 54 Carrier aggregation 1 poets iA 61 VE EE 46 Cell ID 2 2 2i 0 Cell Identity Group Channel Bandwidth Channel Estimation D Channel flatness n 43 Channel flatness difference 44 Channel flatness group delay 44 Configurable Subframes Bee Configuration Table Constellation diagram e Constellation Selection ccccccccesceeeeeeeeessssteeeeeeeeeeseaes 83 Conventions SGCPICOMMAMNGS 5 22 9 22 t nei eeoi docte t terrre qnte Ye 91 D Dialog Duc C 86 Marker ZOOM sscsstuctacevsnrecdanstates NES ene ssi een tah ESA 86 Digital Input Data Rate sssssse 63 E Error in Subframaes sinansa ies etna Saa ctrca EVM Calculation Method i EVM WS Garnier uacua ead aaa iaaa Eudim EVM vs subframe ak EXT External Attenuation cocer tct F licel Frequency error vs symbol m Full Scale LEVEI acere etit cte reps H Header Table e vavassicveccaetiustudceewneveeees Home base station Identity Physical Layer 70 MPU SOURCE p 63 ene 16 K Key MKR X 85 M Marker ZOOM isses cni n Rv Roche ud RAPERE du 86 Measurement Diod c E ENE 40 allocatiorni sumimary crenae rennen ttai inde 46 Dit STEA
125. lts Relative power levels of the ACLR channels The number of return values depends on the number of transmission and adja cent channels The order of return values is lt TXChannelPower gt is the power of the transmission channel in dBm e lt LowerAdjChannelPower is the relative power of the lower adjacent channel in dB lt UpperAdjChannelPower gt is the relative power of the upper adjacent channel in dB e lt 1stLowerAltChannelPower gt is the relative power of the first lower alternate channel in dB e lt 1stUpperAltChannelPower gt is the relative power of the first lower alternate channel in dB e nthLowerAltChannelPower is the relative power of a subse quent lower alternate channel in dB e nthUpperAltChannelPower is the relative power of a subse quent lower alternate channel in dB Example CALC1 MARK FUNC POW RES Returns the current ACLR measurement results Usage Query only General Settings e Defining Signal Characteristics eene nente erret nennen nnns 118 e Configuring the Input Level nennen nennen nnns 120 e Configuring the Data Caplure oae a da 123 e Configuring On Off Power Meaeurements nnns 124 Defining Signal Characteristics CON Piguine ETE DLW n tetas eee ter e ea tor exe Rei ee eee 118 GONFigure C TEP DLICY CPrefix 122 coit reta detener e ite eee nia eh Rx aeo n mE rc PD cepe v eI Sb RID EY 119 GCORF igure FL TE DUP LNG E 119 GONFigure TEE
126. ly used by the PDCCH is 2 Special control channels like the PCFICH or PHICH require a minimum number of con trol channel OFDM symbols at the beginning of each subframe If PRB Symbol Offset is lower than the required value the control channel data overwrites some resource elements of the PDSCH Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics If Auto is selected the Control Region for PDCCH PRB Symbol Offset value is detec ted from the PCFICH For correct Demodulation of a 3GPP conform PCFICH signal the Scrambling of Coded Bits has to be enabled Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PSOFfset on page 141 5 8 2 Configuring the Reference Signal The reference signal settings contain settings to describe the physical attributes and structure of the reference signal The reference signal settings are part of the Downlink Adv Sig Config tab of the Demodulation Settings dialog box DL Demod DL Frame Config Reference Signal Rel Power 0 dB Rel Power Reference Signal oeececscebnenonieinrat nA 75 Rel Power Reference Signal Defines the relative power of the reference signal compared to all the other physical signals and physical channels Note that this setting gives you an offset to all other relative power settings Remote command CONFigure LTE DL REFSig POWer on page 141 5 8 3 Configuring the Synchronization Signal The synchronization signal settings contain settings to describe the physical attributes and
127. ment the R amp S FSV records new UO data instead of using the data other UO measurements are based on For more information on setting up the measurement see chapter 3 5 Performing Transmit On Off Power Measurements on page 25 The result display for the On Off Power measurement consists of numerical results and the graphic display of the signal characteristics Numerical results The upper part of the result display shows the results in numerical form Each line in the table shows the measurement results for one off period A ON OFF Power Start OFF Stop O Time at amp OFF Power OFF Power Falling Trans Rising Trans Period Limit erioc to Limit Abs d amp to Limit Period Period e Start OFF Period Limit Shows the beginning of the off period relative to the frame start 0 seconds e Stop OFF Period Limit Shows the end of the off period relative to the frame start 0 seconds User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 31 Measuring the Power Over Time The time from the start to the stop of the off period is the period over which the limits are checked It corresponds to the yellow trace in the graphic result display e Time at A to Limit Shows the trace point at which the lowest distance between trace and limit line has been detected The result is a time relative to the frame start e OFF Power Abs dBm Shows the absolute power of the signal at the trace point with the lowest distance to the limit line e OFF Power
128. meric value 1 The OFF state logically untrue is represented by OFF or the numeric value 0 Querying boolean parameters When you query boolean parameters the system returns either the value 1 ON or the value 0 OFF Example Setting DISPlay WINDow ZOOM STATe ON Query DISPlay WINDow ZOOM STATe would return 1 8 2 6 3 8 2 6 4 8 2 6 5 8 3 Measurement Selection Character Data Character data follows the syntactic rules of keywords You can enter text using a short or a long form For more information see chapter 8 2 2 Long and Short Form on page 92 Querying text parameters When you query text parameters the system returns its short form Example Setting SENSe BANDwidth RESolution TYPE NORMal Query SENSe BANDwidth RESolution TYPE would return NORM Character Strings Strings are alphanumeric characters They have to be in straight quotation marks You can use a single quotation mark or a double quotation mark Example INSTRument DELete Spectrum Block Data Block data is a format which is suitable for the transmission of large amounts of data The ASCII character introduces the data block The next number indicates how many of the following digits describe the length of the data block In the example the 4 follow ing digits indicate the length to be 5168 bytes The data bytes follow During the trans mission of these data bytes all end or oth
129. mmand selects the measurement window Example DISP WIND2 SEL Selects screen B Usage Event FORMat DATA lt Format gt This command specifies the data format for the data transmission between the LTE measurement application and the remote client Supported formats are ASCII or REAL32 Parameters Format ASCii REAL RST ASCii Example FORM REAL The software will send binary data in Real32 data format MMEMory LOAD DEModsetting Path This command restores previously saved demodulation settings Wk The file must be of type allocation and depends on the link direction that was cur rently selected when the file was saved You can load only files with correct link direc tions Setting parameters lt Path gt String containing the path and name of the file Example MMEM LOAD DEM D USER Settingsfile allocation Usage Setting only MMEMory LOAD TMOD DL lt TestModel gt This command loads an EUTRA test model E TM The test models are in accordance with 3GPP TS 36 141 Software Configuration Setting parameters lt TestModel gt E CTM1 1 20MHz EUTRA Test Model 1 1 E TM1 1 E CTM1 2 20MHz EUTRA Test Model 1 2 E TM1 2 E TM2__20MHz EUTRA Test Model 2 E TM2 E CTM3 1 20MHz EUTRA Test Model 3 1 E TM3 1 E CTM3 2 20MHz EUTRA Test Model 3 2 E TM3 2 E CTM3 3 20MHz EUTRA Test Model 3 3 E TM3 3 To select a test model for a different bandwidth replace
130. mples B Bit Stream E Allo B Bit Stream Su Allo 100111001010101100001101 10100001010110100111111011001 101111110010011010 10011 01 0110100101111111010 01100011 Fig 6 2 Bit stream display in downlink application if the bit stream format is set to bits Remote command UNIT BSTR on page 148 6 4 Selecting the Contents of a Constellation Diagram The Evaluation Filter dialog box contains settings to configure the contents of a con stellation diagram You can access the dialog box with the Constellation Selection softkey in the Mea surement menu Evaluation Range for the Constellation Diaoram eee 83 Evaluation Range for the Constellation Diagram The Evaluation Range dialog box defines the type of constellation points that are dis played in the Constellation Diagram By default the application displays all constellation points of the data that have been evaluated However you can filter the results by several aspects Evaluation Filter Modulation RR e Allocation ALL Symbol ALL Carrier ALL Location Before MIMO Decoder antenna User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 83 6 5 Scaling the Y Axis Evaluation Filter Modulation Allocation ALL Symbol Carrier Location After MIMO Decoder e Modulation Filters the results to include only the selected type of modulation e Allocation Filters the results to include only a particular type of allocation e Symbol Filters the results to
131. n in the Capture Buffer result display Return values lt Offset gt Time difference between the sub frame start and capture buffer start Default unit s Example FETC SUMM TFR Returns the sub frame start offset Usage Query only 8 6 Measurement Result Query e Using the TRACe DATA Commaand eee nente nne itn 105 e Reading RE 115 8 6 1 Using the TRACe DATA Command This chapter contains information on the TRACe DATA command and a detailed description of the characteristics of that command Measurement Result Query The TRACe DATA command queries the trace data or results of the currently active measurement or result display The type number and structure of the return values are specific for each result display In case of results that have any kind of unit the com mand returns the results in the unit you have currently set for that result display Note also that return values for results that are available for both downlink and uplink may be different For several result displays the command also supports various SCPI parameters in combination with the query If available each SCPI parameter returns a different aspect of the results If SCPI parameters are supported you have to quote one in the query Example TRAC2 DATA TRACE1 The format of the return values is either in ASCII or binary characters and depends on the format you have set with FORMat DATA Following this deta
132. nal The application measures a separate relative power for each PHICH if Boosting Esti mation is on In that case the Rel Power dB result in the Allocation Summary stays empty because it refers to the common relative power for all PHICHs Note that the PHICH power results are quantized to 1 dB steps based on the PHICH relative power because only a few PHICH symbols are available for boosting estima tion Example The PHICH Rel Power is 3 01 dB In that case possible PHICH boostings are 4 01 dB 3 01 dB 2 01 dB etc Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PHICh POWer on page 145 5 8 1 4 Configuring the PDCCH The physical downlink control channel PDCCH carries the downlink control informa tion for example the information about the PDSCH resource allocation You can define several specific parameters for the PDCCH DL Demod DL Frame Config PDCCH Format 1 Number of PDCCHs 0 Rel Power 0 dB PDGGH PON EE 79 Number o PBOCHS S atc iren oun dn UIN 80 PDGOGGH Rel EE 80 PDCCH Format Defines the format of the PDCCH physical downlink control channel Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics Note that PDCCH format 1 is not defined in the standard This format corresponds to the transmission of one PDCCH on all available resource element groups As a special case for this PDCCH format the center of the constellation diagram is treated as a valid constellation point Remote command CONFigure L
133. ncy On the y axis the power level is plotted B Power Spectrum dBrn Hz 1 54 MHzidiv Remote command Selecting the result display CALCulate lt screenid gt FEED SPEC PSPE Querying results TRACe DATA Power vs Resource Block PDSCH Starts the Power vs Resource Block PDSCH result display This result display shows the power of the physical downlink shared channel per resource element averaged over one resource block By default three traces are shown One trace shows the average power The second and the third trace show the minimum and maximum powers respectively You can select to display the power for a specific subframe in the Subframe Selection dialog box In that case the application shows the powers of that subframe only The x axis represents the resource blocks The displayed number of resource blocks depends on the channel bandwidth or number of resource blocks you have set On the y axis the power is plotted in dBm mE EL gt EE RNC SU ON NUUS User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 42 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays B Power vs RB PDSCH dBm Remote command Selecting the result display CALCulate lt n gt FEED SPEC PVRP Querying results TRACe DATA Power vs Resource Block RS Starts the Power vs Resource Block RS result display This result display shows the power of the reference signal per resource element aver aged over one resource block By default three tra
134. ned in 3GPP TS 36 211 For the generic frame structure the 10 ms radio frame is divided into 20 equally sized slots of 0 5 ms A subframe consists of two consecutive slots so one radio frame contains 10 subframes This is illustrated in figure 1 4 T expresses the basic time unit corresponding to 30 72 MHz Long Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme One radio frame T 307200 x T 10 ms One slot Tse 15360 x T 0 5 ms LS One subframe Fig 1 4 Generic Frame Structure in EUTRA Downlink figure 1 5shows the structure of the downlink resource grid for the duration of one downlink slot The available downlink bandwidth consists of si subcarriers with a spacing of Af 15 kHz In the case of multi cell MBMS transmission a subcarrier spacing of Af 7 5 kHz is also possible sw can vary in order to allow for scalable bandwidth operation up to 20 MHz Initially the bandwidths for LTE were explicitly defined within layer 1 specifications Later on a bandwidth agnostic layer 1 was intro duced with sw for the different bandwidths to be specified by 3GPP RANA to meet performance requirements e g for out of band emission requirements and regulatory emission limits One downlink slot T ot Resource element One resource block Npe subcarriers NBE subcarriers NOE OFDM symbols Fig 1 5 Downlink Resource Grid One downlink slot consists of sx OFDM symbols To each symbol a cyclic prefix CP is a
135. ng information e Freq The analyzer RF frequency e Mode Link direction duplexing cyclic prefix and maximum number of physical resource blocks PRBs signal bandwidth e Meas Setup Shows number of transmitting and receiving antennas e Sync State The following synchronization states may occur OK The synchronization was successful FAIL C The cyclic prefix correlation failed FAIL P The P SYNC correlation failed FAIL S The S SYNC correlation failed Any combination of C P and S may occur SCPI Command SENSe SYNC STATe on page 98 e Ext Att Shows the external attenuation in dB e Capture Time Shows the capture length in ms Support If you encounter any problems when using the application you can contact the Rohde amp Schwarz support to get help for the problem To make the solution easier use the R amp S Support softkey to export useful informa tion for troubleshooting The R amp S FSV stores the information in a number of files that are located in the R amp S FSV directory C R_S Instr user LTE Support If you contact Rohde amp Schwarz to get help on a certain problem send these files to the sup port in order to identify and solve the problem faster Symbols and Variables 3 Measurement Basics This chapter provides background information on the measurements and result dis plays available with the LTE Analysis Software e Symbols atid Valtables 5 rper nean e eme rp he
136. nno cuit rano rt tah ath rione re eo o ERR o peo PEE ee anna 103 FETCRh SUMMary GIMBalance MINitmUutm ter entrer e tre eth Ebene ten dp xa natn 103 FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance AVERage s i irri ati hi rper bn reme ka rk bsc XXX ER ER CCo GE 103 FETCh SUMMary IQOFfset MAXimum FETCRh SUMMary IQOFfset MINirm r ctt tae trn eter n den nr a nh 103 e Aen Eelere E EA Ge E NEE 103 FETCh SUMMary OSTP MAXIImUITI 2 ier erre re repr nr th ferr reborn cotbeventen Ede aea 103 FETCh SUMMaty OSTP MINimU ln conet rera ern rr tr Er Een Cer e tp Cana ga 103 e Cen Ee EN EE EK 103 FETCh SUMMary POWer MAER iiio ener vtr tr rene ra nee er tna pr Fe tar reno rone HEX REF o SEENEN 104 Le Aen Ee ENER le KE 104 FETCh SUMMary QUADerror M Tu out uo eaa ti ea rent tn ea eh eo trente rH tpa e Per Enea UR EE ER needs 104 FETCRh SUMMaty QUADerror MINiImUlTI cinia rhe rotta ene rrr ete nir eterna tr rn eene xe pe Keen 104 FETCh SUMMary QUADertor AVERAage icd toin eae tria rn rexit inc ek oa Ra p ER Ek rene EATER REESE 104 FETCh SUMMary RSTP MAXIImUtTi ins iret tienen ehh ee rie Ret EE Er rice PER E ca SEHE ERR oa ER RR 104 FETCh SUMMary RSTP MINItTUITI s rici aee aE ROME hn ERE Run EES 104 FETCh SUMMary RSTP AVERage 104 FETCh SUMMaty SERRoOrMAXIImUIm ictor then trt eher reae eee a ntn it ee ve Ec PER dee 104 el Ke EE ele le unt Tu 104 FETCh SUMMary SERRor AVERage rer rre nre ri ten
137. ns several elements e Yellow trace The yellow trace represents the signal power during the off periods Filtering as defined in 3GPP TS 36 141 is taken into account for the calculation of the trace e Blue trace The blue trace represents the transition periods falling and rising Note that the blue trace might be visible only after zooming into the diagram because of its steep flank and small horizontal dimensions Ha Mov A noA Hd eH P SINE e Blue rectangles The blue rectangles represent the on periods Because of the overload during the on periods the actual signal power is only hinted at not shown e Red lines Limits as defined by 3GPP In addition to these elements the diagram also shows the overall limit check see above the average count and the limit for the mean power spectral density Off Power Density Limit Adjust Timing If you are using an external trigger for the On Off power measurement you have to determine the offset of the trigger time to the time the LTE frame starts You can do this with the Adjust Timing function When the application has determined the offset it corrects the results of the On Off Power measurement accordingly Remote command Selecting the result display CALCulate lt n gt FEED PVT OOP Querying results TRACe DATA Querying limit check results CALCulate n LIMit k 00Power OFFPower on page 116 CALCulate n LIMit k OOPower TRANsient on page 117 SENSe
138. nt UO measurement results to reflect the current mea surement settings No new UO data is captured Thus measurement settings apply to the I Q data cur rently in the capture buffer The command applies exclusively to UO measurements It requires UO data Example INIT REFR The application updates the IQ results 8 5 Numeric Result Query Usage Event SENSe LTE 0OPower ATIMing This command adjusts the timing for On Off Power measurements Example OOP ATIM Adjusts the On Off Power timing Usage Event SENSe SYNC STATe This command queries the current synchronization state Return values lt State gt The string contains the following information e lt OFDMSymbolTiming gt is the coarse symbol timing lt P SYNCSynchronization gt is the P SYNC synchronization state e lt S SYNCSynchronization gt is the S SYNC synchronization state A zero represents a failure and a one represents a successful synchronization Example SYNC STAT Would return e g 1 1 0 if coarse timing and P SYNC were suc cessful but S SYNC failed Usage Query only Numeric Result Query PETC CY CPi C m 99 PETCHIPEC OIDGUP ED CS 100 PETCMIPE eM pf 100 FE TCh SUMMarv CREGOAVERagel enne nnne ener rh nnne 100 FETCH SUMMaryEVMEAUCLE MAXI 26 dau neu eege 100 FEICh SUMMary EVMEALEDLEMININIU osc 22 22 AEEEEEEEREEE Ea NEES 100 FETCh SUMMary EVM ALL AVERage
139. ommand INPut SELect on page 126 Configuring the Digital UO Input The digital UO settings contain settings that configure the digital UO input The digital UO settings are part of the Advanced Settings tab of the General Set tings dialog box General MIMO Spectrum Baseband Digital Settings Input Data Rate 10 MHz Full Scale Level LN Sampling Rate Input Data Rate 63 Full Scale Level e re ced eet ie cer re le d Rb eg 63 Sampling Rate Input Data Rate Defines the data sample rate at the digital baseband input The sample rate is available for a digital baseband input source Remote command INPut n DIQ SRATe on page 126 Full Scale Level Defines the voltage corresponding to the maximum input value of the digital baseband input Remote command INPut lt n gt DIQ RANGe UPPer on page 126 Configuring the Signal Demodulation 5 6 Configuring the Signal Demodulation The downlink demodulation settings contain settings that describe the signal process ing and the way the signal is measured You can find the demodulation settings in the Demod Settings dialog box e QOontiguring the Data Arnalysis 2 E rages etti Rr ed pt rege eue EENES 64 e Compensating Measurement Error 67 e Configuring MIMO Getupe A 67 5 6 1 Configuring the Data Analysis The data analysis settings contain settings that determine the way the captured signal is analyzed The data analysis settings are part of the Downlink Demo
140. ommand you have to load a custom SEM file with MMEMory LOAD SEMsettings 8 12 8 12 1 Signal Demodulation Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example MMEM LOAD SEM CustomSEM POW SEM USER ON Loads and evaluates the SEM called CustomSEM SENSe SWEep EGATe AUTO lt State gt This command turns auto gating for SEM and ACLR measurements on and off This command is available for TDD measurements in combination with an external or IF power trigger Parameters State ON Evaluates the on period of the LTE signal only OFF Evaluates the complete signal Example SWE EGAT AUTO ON Turns auto gating on Signal Demodulation e Configuring the Data Aralysls rtr etre er e tt i Red 132 e Compensating Measurement Errors ener 135 e GonfiguringMIMO Setups iecore chr nnde nnn rte rede gente haa 136 Configuring the Data Analysis SENSe L TE DL DEMOod AUTO acit tette tette tette deat tht tt tata 132 SENSEI NR ERT ER RIED 133 ISENSGeltL TEL D DEMod CBGCramblmg ae nennen eene nennen 133 SENSeIEETEEDE DEMad CES MANON docerent eoi ted rete t Pda 133 SENSej L TE DL DEMod EVMCalc ecce ttte e tttn 133 SENSe EETEEDIEDEMOSIMGF Ier ioo i e once nex Ru eoe da ENEE Ee 134 SENSe EETEEDIDEModS PRDAala itti are tt certe tie e epp etn bkn NEEN Eae E 134 ISENSGILTEIDLFORMatrbSCH tette tert tette tette tni 134
141. on in both time and frequency direction A special channel estimation CTT as defined in 3GPP TS 36 211 is additionally generated The coarse estimation results are used to equalize the samples of the reference path prior to symbol decision Based on the decided data symbols a fine channel estimation is optimally performed and then used to equalize the partially compensated samples of the measurement path 3 3 3 Analysis The analysis block of the EUTRA LTE downlink measurement application allows to compute a variety of measurement variables EVM The error vector magnitude EVM measurement results EVM PDSCH QPSK 16 QAM 64 QAM are calculated according to the specification in 3GPP TS 36 211 All other EVM measurement results are calculated according to Mile ai EVM 3 2 on subcarrier k at OFDM symbol I where D is the boosting factor Since the average power of all possible constellations is 1 when no boosting is applied the equation can be rewritten as m E a EVM Lk 3 3 The average EVM of all data subcarriers is then Performing Time Alignment Measurements EVM gata 2 2E VM Fk N REdata l kata 3 4 The number of resource elements taken into account is denoted by Npe aata UO imbalance The I Q imbalance can be written as re rni6 j038 3 5 where s t is the transmit signal r t is the received signal and and Q are the weight ing factors We define that I 1 and Q 1 AQ
142. onfiguration contains settings that define the structure of the downlink LTE signal You can find the frame structure in the Demod Settings dialog box e Configuring TDD Guonals enne nnne nnns 68 e Configuring the Physical Layer Cell dent 70 e Configuring PDSCH Gubtrames A 71 5 7 1 Configuring TDD Signals The TDD settings define the characteristics of an LTE TDD signal The TDD settings are part of the Frame Configuration tab of the Demodulation Set tings dialog box DL Demod DR Meera DL Adv Sig Config TDD Configuration TDD UL DL Allocations Conf 0 DL S UL UL UL DL S UL UL UL Conf Special Subframe Conf 0 Configuring TDD Frames EE 69 Configuring Downlink Frames Configuring TDD Frames TDD frames contain both uplink and downlink information separated in time with every subframe being responsible for either uplink or downlink transmission The standard specifies several subframe configurations or resource allocations for TDD systems TDD UL DL Allocations Selects the configuration of the subframes in a radio frame in TDD systems The UL DL configuration or allocation defines the way each subframe is used for uplink downlink or if it is a special subframe The standard specifies seven different configurations U uplink D downlink S special subframe Conf of Special Subframe In combination with the cyclic prefix the special subframes serve as guard periods for switches from uplink to downlin
143. oo small for the signal bandwidth and the complete signal is displayed Note that changing the span only takes effect when you start a new measurement after you have changed the span Remote command SENSe FREQuency SPAN on page 129 Configuring SEM Measurements The SEM settings are part of the Spectrum tab of the General Settings dialog box General MIMO Advanced Trigger Spectrum E SEM Settings User SEM File Category Category A Agg max power of all TX ports P 0 dBm User SEM E 59 GALS GOI A m 60 Aggregated Maximum Power Of All TX Ports E 60 User SEM File Turns the evaluation of a custom Spectrum Emission Mask SEM on and off When you turn the feature on the application tests the signal against a custom SEM instead of the SEM that complies to the standard To use a custom SEM you have to design one in the Spectrum application and then import it in the LTE application with the Load SEM File softkey available in the File menu gt Press the MEAS key gt Press the File Manager softkey gt Press the Load SEM file softkey and select the required SEM from the file man ager gt Turn on the User SEM File feature in the General Settings dialog box Configuring Spectrum Measurements The R amp S FSV evaluates the custom SEM mask For a comprehensive description about designing a custom SEM in xml format please refer to the User Manual of the R amp S FSV Remote command
144. or single sweeps Suffix lt m gt 1 Example INIT CONT OFF Switches to single measurement mode CALC DELT2 ON Turns on delta marker 2 INIT WAI Starts a measurement and waits for the end CALC MARK2 Y Queries the measurement result at the position of delta marker 2 Usage Query only Scaling the Vertical Diagram Axis Programming example to scale the y axis Start EVM vs Symbol result display in screen B CALC2 FEED EVM EVSY Refresh the measurement results based on the contents of the capture buffer INIT IMM Select screen B DISP WIND2 SEL Select dB as the EVM unit UNIT EVM DB Define the point of origin of 5 dB on the y axis DISP TRAC Y SCAL FIXS OFFS 5 Define the distance of 10 dB between two grid lines on the y axis DISP TRAC Y SCAL FIXS PERD 10 8 16 Software Configuration DISPlay WINDow TRACev GCALeAto neret en nnne renes 154 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe FIXScale OFFSet essen 154 DISPlay WINDow TRACev GCALetx cale PERDiNv nnii 154 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe AUTO This command automatically adjusts the scale of the y axis to the current measure ment results Note that the command only affects the result display selected with DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SELect Example DISP TRAC Y SCAL AUTO Scales the y axis of the selected result display Usage Event DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe FIXScale OFFSet Origin T
145. ote that you have to turn on the PBCH for an automatic detetemination of the PHICH duration Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PHICh DURation on page 144 PHICH TDD m_i 1 E TM Turns the special setting of the PHICH for the enhanced test models on and off The special setting is defined in 36 141 V9 0 0 6 1 2 6 For frame structure type 2 the factor m_i shall not be set as per TS36 211 Table 6 9 1 but instead shall be set to m_i 1 for all transmitted subframes The parameter is available if you have selected TDD Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PHICh MITM on page 144 PHICH N g Sets the variable N N in combination with the number of resource blocks defines the number of PHICH groups in a downlink subframe The standard specifies several values for N that you can select from the dropdown menu Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics If you need a customized configuration you can set the number of PHICH groups in a subframe by selecting the Custom menu item and set a number of PHICH groups directly with PHICH Number of Groups Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PHICh NGParameter on page 144 PHICH Number of Groups Sets the number of PHICH groups contained in a subframe To select a number of groups you have to set the PHICH N g to Custom Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PHICh NOGRoups on page 145 PHICH Rel Power Defines the power of all PHICHs in a PHICH group relative to the reference sig
146. othing 8 6 1 18 Power vs RB PDSCH For the Power vs RB PDSCH result display the command returns one value for each resource block of the PDSCH that has been analyzed lt absolute power gt The unit is always dBm The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns the average power over all subframes e TRACE2 Returns the minimum power found over all subframes If you are analyzing a partic ular subframe it returns nothing e TRACE3 Returns the maximum power found over all subframes If you are analyzing a par ticular subframe it returns nothing 8 6 1 19 Spectrum Emission Mask For the SEM measurement the number and type of returns values depend on the parameter e TRACE1 Returns one value for each trace point absolute power The unit is always dBm e LIST Returns the contents of the SEM table For every frequency in the spectrum emis sion mask it returns 11 values index start frequency in Hz stop frequency in Hz XRBW in Hz limit fail frequency in Hz absolute power in dBm gt relative power in dBc limit distance in dB limit check result reserved reserved The limit check result is either a 0 for PASS or a 1 for FAIL 8 6 1 20 Measurement Result Query Return Value Codes This chapter contains a list for encoded return values lt ACK NACK gt The range is 1 1 e 1 ACK e 0 NACK e 1 DTX allocation ID
147. ou can set the position of the marker in sev eral ways e Enter a frequency value in the marker input field e Move the marker with the rotary knob User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 85 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Analyzing Measurement Results e Position the marker to the trace minimum or trace maximum with the Marker Max or Marker Min softkeys The current marker frequency and the corresponding level is displayed in the upper right corner of the trace display The Marker lt x gt softkey have three possible states e If the Marker lt x gt softkey is black the marker is off Marker 1 e After pressing the Marker lt x gt softkey it turns orange to indicate an open dialog box and the the marker is active The dialog box to specify the marker position on the frequency axis opens Marker 1 Marker Frequency X e After closing the dialog box the Marker lt x gt softkey turns blue The marker stays active Marker 1 Pressing the Marker lt x gt softkey again deactivates the marker You can also turn off the marker by pressing the All Marker Off softkey If you d like to see the area of the spectrum around the marker in more detail you can use the Marker Zoom function Press the Marker Zoom softkey to open a dialog box in which you can specify the zoom factor The maximum possible zoom factor depends on the result display The Unzoom softkey cancels the marker zoom Note that t
148. ows you to capture those parts of the signal that you are really interested in While the application runs freely and analyzes all signal data in its default state no matter if the signal contains information or not a trigger initiates a measurement only under certain circumstances the trigger event The application supports several trigger modes or sources e Free Run Starts the measurement immediately and measures continuously e External The trigger event is the level of an external trigger signal The measurement starts when this signal meets or exceeds a specified trigger level at the Ext Trigger Gate input e IF Power The trigger event is the IF power level The measurement starts when the IF power meets or exceeds a specified power trigger level e RF Power The trigger event is the RF power level The measurement starts when a signal outside of the measured channel meets or exceeds a certain level at the first inter mediate frequency The level range is from 50 dBm to 10 dBm The corresponding trigger level at the RF input is 5 3 Configuring MIMO Setups The RF Power trigger is available with detector board 1307 9554 02 Rev 05 00 or higher It is not available for measurements with the digital I Q interface R amp S FSV B17 e Power Sensor The trigger event is a specified level measured by a power sensor The measure ment starts when a power sensor measurement meets certain conditions The power sensor as a tr
149. ppended as guard time compare figure 1 1 sm depends on the cyclic prefix length The generic frame structure with normal cyclic prefix length contains s 7 symbols This translates into a cyclic prefix length of Tce 5 2us for the first symbol and Tcp74 7ps for the remaining 6 symbols Additionally an extended cyclic prefix is defined in order to cover large cell scenarios with higher delay spread and MBMS transmission The generic frame structure with extended cyclic prefix of Tcp gz16 7us contains A 6 OFDM symbols subcarrier spacing 15 kHz The generic frame 1 2 3 1 2 4 Long Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme structure with extended cyclic prefix of Top 33 3us contains sm 3 symbols sub carrier spacing 7 5 kHz table 1 1 gives an overview of the different parameters for the generic frame structure Table 1 1 Parameters for Downlink Generic Frame Structure Configuration Number of Symbols Cyclic Prefix Cyclic Prefix NG fro Length in Sam Length in us ples Normal cyclic prefix Af 15 kHz 7 160 for first symbol 5 2 us for first sym 144 for other sym bol bols 4 7 us for other symbols Extended cyclic prefix Af 15 kHz 6 512 16 7 us Extended cyclic prefix Af 7 5 kHz 3 1024 33 3 us Downlink Data Transmission Data is allocated to the UEs in terms of resource blocks A physical resource block consists of 12 24 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain for the Af 15 kHz
150. quirements for UMTS Long Term Evolution eee 7 Long Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme eese 9 OFDMA E epee 9 OFDMA Parametertzatton enne nne nennen ens 10 Downlink Data Transmtssion em enm ennemis 12 Downlink Reference Signal Structure and Cell Search sssessssss 12 Downlink Physical Layer Procedures emen 14 hic E E 14 REENEN 16 Installing the Software cceseescssseeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeseseeseeeseeeseeeeseesesseeeeeeeeeeensenseseeenenes 16 Application OVerVview 2 cro rrr eer Ere FREE ENER ENEE ERR NRORE CER YN ERE EE EERREE EE EEN 16 SUP POM d 18 Measurement BASICS em nne 19 Symbols and Variables cries ieeeeenaeanee acu ne u uua ue iba aane tu kun a Re eu 19 o 20 The LTE Downlink Analysis Measurement Application 20 SYNCHOMIZALION peste 20 Channel Estimation and Eoualtztaion iaieineea 22 Analysis iced E A dd ddl Pad d E d 22 Performing Time Alignment Measurements eene nennen 23 Performing Transmit On Off Power Measurements cese 25 Measurements and Result Displays eene 27 Numerical Results nitent tienen ci ikta ne omui e
151. r binary format data is expected as 32 bit floating point data Little Endian format also known as LSB Order or Intel format An example for binary data would be 0x1D86E7BB in hexadecimal notation is decoded to 7 0655481E 3 The order of the data is either IQIQIQ or II QQ Q For ASCII format data is expected as and Q values in alternating rows separated by new lines lt I value 1 gt lt Q value 1 gt lt I value 2 lt Q value 2 To use data that has been stored externally press the File Manager softkey in the root menu of the application Select the file you want to load and activate it with the Load IQ Data button SAVE RECALL Key Besides the file manager in the root menu you can also manage the data via the SAVE RECALL key The corresponding menu offers full functionality for saving restoring and managing the files on the R amp S FSV The save recall menu is the same as that of the spectrum mode For details on the softkeys and handling of this file manager refer to the operating manual of the R amp S FSV Test Models Using Test Models Test models are descriptions of LTE signals that you can use for particular test scenar ios The application provides a set of test models defined by 3GPP Select the test model in the Test Models E TM dialog box press the File Man ager and gt Load Test Model softkeys Test Model Case Test Model Bandwidth 1 1 M 10 MHz Predefined t
152. rce element k l Not used for transmission on this antenna port Reference symbols on this antenna port Two antenna ports Four antenna ports PX IL BT TR LII 1 Je6 H DH H eee ots odd numbernd st ganba sot odd namboened slots cee ounbared sot et speed slots cere rearion ed slots edu priere sot ee Kader H ee ee ege Antenna port 0 Antenna port 1 Amenna por 2 Anienna por 3 Fig 1 6 Downlink Reference Signal Structure Normal Cyclic Prefix The reference signal sequence carries the cell identity Each reference signal sequence is generated as a symbol by symbol product of an orthogonal sequence r S three of them existing and a pseudo random sequence r 170 of them existing Each cell identity corresponds to a unique combination of one orthogonal sequence r S and one pseudo random sequence r allowing 510 different cell identities Frequency hopping can be applied to the downlink reference signals The frequency hopping pattern has a period of one frame 10 ms During cell search different types of information need to be identified by the handset symbol and radio frame timing frequency cell identification overall transmission band width antenna configuration and cyclic prefix length Besides the reference symbols synchronization signals are therefore needed during cell search EUTRA uses a hierarchical cell search scheme similar to WCDMA This means that the synchronization acquisition an
153. re are any errors or conflicts between allocations in one or more subframes the application shows the number of errors and the number of the corrupt subframe in the Error in Subframes field It does not show the kind of error Before you start to work on the contents of each subframe you should define the num ber of subframes you want to customize with the Configurable Subframes parameter The application supports the configuration of up to 40 subframes Then you can select a particular subframe that you want to customize in the Selected Subframe field Enter the number of the subframe starting with 0 The application updates the contents of the configuration table to the selected subframe Remote command Number of subframes CONFigure LTE DL CSUBframes on page 138 5 7 3 1 Configuring Downlink Frames Number of allocations CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame lt subframe gt ALCount on page 139 e PDSCHAlOCAHONS EE 72 PDSCH Allocations In the default state each subframe contains one allocation Add allocations with the Used Allocations parameter The application expands the configuration table accord ingly with one row representing one allocation You can define a different number of allocations for each subframe you want to configure and configure up to 110 alloca tions in every subframe The configuration table contains the settings to configure the allocations TEE He NN EE 72 Code VV ORE EEN 12 MOGUIATO
154. required for MIMO measurements on 4 Tx antennas Fig 3 3 Hardware setup For best measurement result accuracy it is recommended to use cables of the same length and identical combiners as adders 3 5 Performing Transmit On Off Power Measurements In the application make sure to correctly apply the following settings e select a reference antenna in the MIMO Configuration dialog box not All e set the Subframe Selection to All e turn on Compensate Crosstalk in the Demodulation Settings e Note that the Time Alignment meaurement only evaluates the reference signal and therefore ignores any PDSCH settings for example it does not have an influence on this measurement if the PDSCH MIMO scheme is set to transmit diversity or spatial multiplexing Performing Transmit On Off Power Measurements The technical specification in 3GPP TS 36 141 prescribes the measurement of the transmitter OFF power and the transmitter transient period of an EUTRA LTE TDD base transceiver station BTS operating at its specified maximum output power A special hardware setup is required for this measurement since the actual measurement is done at very low power during the transmitter OFF periods requiring low attenuation at the analyzer input The signal power during the transmitter ON periods in this test scenario is usually higher than the specified maximum input power of the R amp S FSx sig nal analyzer and will cause severe damage to the analyzer if
155. rm a measurement on two TX channels each TX channel only has one set of adjacent channels The first TX channel CO those to its left the second TX channel CuO those to its right e Bandwidth Shows the bandwidth of the channel e Spacing Shows the channel spacing e Lower Upper Shows the relative power of the lower and upper adjacent and alternate channels e Limit Shows the limit of that channel if one is defined A Adj Chan Leakage Power Ratio List Ref 2 dBm AE 0 00 0 00 dB ing Remote command Selecting the result display CALCulate lt n gt FEED SPEC ACP Querying results CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion POWer RESult CURRent TRACe DATA 4 4 2 I Q Measurements e Power Spec RB RS RB PDSCH sse entente nennen 41 e Flatiess Flat Graal EI te err O 43 44 2 1 Power Spec RB RS RB PDSCH The Power Spec RB RS RB PDSCH softkey selects one of three result displays The currently selected result display is highlighted User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 41 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays Power Spectrum Starts the Power Spectrum result display This result display shows the power density of the complete capture buffer in dBm Hz The displayed bandwidth depends on bandwidth or number of resource blocks you have set For more information see Channel Bandwidth Number of Resource Blocks on page 52 The x axis represents the freque
156. rr cer ra ener ert tk pr re trn rr recen NENTS 141 CONFigure LTE DL SYNC PPOWer CONFigure LTE DL SYNC SPOWer II lee UI RR CEA ID EE gei ee IC DREES UD ET f virite reirse aea rE e rtr nete GONFigurer E TEEDUPLEBXIDIg ratto hector oem ede eei rer ttes trit exce tp Decet ia oa oe a aie tia nae II ee UI RR ERR TEE CONFigure ETE OOPOWer NERAMES tice cicero tton e ete HE t ooa e ERE Er ER CI Rue ELA EE ed Ba D Dea Rea DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe AUTO DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe FIXScale OFFSet eterne te eden 154 DISPlay WINDow TRACe Y SCALe FIXScale PERDiV iara iaaii eaan An 154 DISPlayEWINBOwSne E SELUBGL EE 155 DISPlayEWINDowsri TABLe c terrre tet et reet eth rre te sted erre ete ea n RR 96 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t Y SCALe RLEVel OFFSet seen 121 REMC CY CRIT S 99 ESOU eer Deeg EE 100 FETCIEPEC CIDGrOUD3 rtt teat aa EE iE cues cce irai Pod iad stem DNE SEARES 138 EETGI PEG PEID sciencie itm eret im eee tc tne rent Ee anette A 100 FETCHREC ET 138 FETCh SUMMary CRESt AVERage 100 FETCh SUMMary EVM DSQFP MAXImUET esc cune tinier teeth tat ee at Feeder ecce tae Ec ete ieee 101 FETCh SUMMaty EVM DSQFP MINimUm deterret eter tret tee e rsen Eit oett 101 FETCIE SUMMary EVM DSQPEAVERagel intereat trt SES EES deed 101 ei Ke RE ER le KEE 101 FETCI SUMMaty EVM DSSE MINIIUITI ccce rtt tree terae terere cette eee 101 FE
157. s Number of RB Defines the number of resource blocks the allocation covers The number of resource blocks defines the size or bandwidth of the allocation If you allocate too many resource blocks compared to the bandwidth you have set the application will show an error message in the Conflicts column and the Error in Sub frames field Remote command CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame lt subframe gt ALLoc lt allocation gt RBCount on page 140 Offset RB Sets the resource block at which the allocation begins A wrong offset for any allocation would lead to an overlap of allocations In that case the application will show an error message Remote command CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame lt subframe gt ALLoc lt allocation gt RBOFfset on page 140 Power Sets the boosting of the allocation Boosting is the allocation s power relative to the ref erence signal power Remote command CONFigure LTE DL SUBFrame lt subframe gt ALLoc lt allocation gt POWer on page 139 Conflict In case of a conflict the application shows the type of conflict and the ID of the alloca tions that are affected Possible conflicts are e bandwidth error gt BW A bandwidth error occurs when the number of resource blocks in the subframe exceeds the bandwidth you have set Number of Allocations 6 Subframe Bandwidth 3 MHz or 15 Resource Blocks e RB overlap errors An RB overlap error occurs if one or more allocat
158. s Return values lt EVM gt lt numeric value gt Minimum maximum or average EVM depending on the last command syntax element The unit is or dB depending on your selection Example FETC SUMM EVM Returns the mean value Numeric Result Query Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary EVM DSQP MAXimum FETCh SUMMary EVM DSQP MINimum FETCh SUMMary EVM DSQP AVERage This command queries the EVM of all resource elements of the PDSCH with a QPSK modulation Return values lt EVM gt lt numeric value gt EVM in or dB depending on the unit you have set Example FETC SUMM EVM DSQP Returns the PDSCH QSPK EVM Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary EVM DSST MAXimum FETCh SUMMary EVM DSST MINimum FETCh SUMMary EVM DSST AVERage This command queries the EVM of all resource elements of the PDSCH with a 16QAM modulation Return values lt EVM gt lt numeric value gt EVM in or dB depending on the unit you have set Example FETC SUMM EVM DSST Returns the PDSCH 16QAM EVM Usage Query only FETCh SUMMary EVM DSSF MAXimum FETCh SUMMary EVM DSSF MINimum FETCh SUMMary EVM DSSF AVERage This command queries the EVM of all resource elements of the PDSCH with a 64QAM modulation Return values lt EVM gt lt numeric value gt EVM in or dB depending on the unit you have set Example FETC SUMM EVM DSSF Returns the PDSCH 64QAM EVM Usage Query only Numeric Result Query
159. s 124 SENSe EETEEOOPowerNCORTrection 22002 1 2 2 2 etra there te ei reo auae aacra REESEN 124 CONFigure LTE OOPower NFRames Frames This command defines the number of frames that are analyzed for On Off Power measurements Parameters Frames numeric value Example CONF OOP NFR 10 Defines 10 frames to be analyzed SENSe L TE OOPower NCORrection lt NoiseCorrection gt This command turns noise correction for On Off Power measurements on and off Parameters lt NoiseCorrection gt ON OFF MIMO Setups CONFiIgarerETEEDEMIMOASELBOHON cx ciunt aoa a enhn t cete teas 124 GONFig re LTE DL MIMO CONF IG 22er ua aa e Peres E REENEN 125 CONFigure L TE DL MIMO ASELection Antenna This command selects the antenna for measurements with MIMO setups Parameters Antenna ANT1 ANT2 ANT3 ANT4 Select a single antenna to be analyzed RST ANT1 8 9 8 9 1 8 9 2 Advanced Settings Example CONF DL MIMO ASEL ANT3 Selects antenna 3 to be analyzed CONFigure LTE DL MIMO CONFig lt NofAntennas gt This command sets the number of antennas in the MIMO setup Parameters lt NofAntennas gt TX1 Use one Tx antenna TX2 Use two Tx antennas TX4 Use four Tx antennas RST TX1 Example CONF DL MIMO CONF TX2 TX configuration with two antennas is selected Advanced Settings Controlling WO Data EE 125 e Controlling the Inpul EE 125 e Configuring the
160. s according to the test model definition To get valid results you have to use a DUT that transmits an all zero data vector This setting is a good way if you are expecting signals with a high EVM because the automatic detection will not be reliable in that case Remote command SENSe LTE Db DEMod PRData on page 134 5 6 2 5 6 3 Configuring the Signal Demodulation Multicarrier Filter Turns the suppression of interference of neighboring carriers for tests on multiradio base stations on and off e g LTE WCDMA GSM etc Remote command SENSe LTE DL DEMod MCFilter on page 134 Compensating Measurement Errors The tracking settings contain settings that compensate for various common measure ment errors that may occur The tracking settings are part of the Downlink Demod tab of the Demodulation Set tings dialog box DL Frame Config DL Adv Sig Config _ Tracking Phase Off Timing Phase Specifies whether or not the measurement results should be compensated for common phase error When phase compensation is used the measurement results will be com pensated for phase error on a per symbol basis Off Phase tracking is not applied Pilot Only Only the reference signal is used for the estimation of the phase error Pilot and Pay Both reference signal and payload resource elements are used for load the estimation of the phase error Remote command SENSe LTE DL TRAC
161. s symbols In that case the bits belong ing to one symbol are shown as hexadecimal numbers with two digits In the case of bit format each number represents one raw bit Symbols or bits that are not transmitted are represented by a If a symbol could not be decoded because the number of layers exceeds the number of receive antennas the application shows a sign B Bit Stream Sub Allocation Modulation Symbol Bit Stream frame m O i O 0 O io m O 0 O 00 010 00 01 OO 02 Gab ob HH H H H The table contains the following information e Subframe Number of the subframe the bits belong to e Allocation ID Channel the bits belong to E User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 47 Measuring Statistics e Codeword Code word of the allocation e Modulation Modulation type of the channels e Symbol Index or Bit Index Shows the position of the table row s first bit or symbol within the complete stream e Bit Stream The actual bit stream Remote command Selecting the result display CALCulate lt n gt FEED STAT BSTR Querying results TRACe DATA Performing Measurements 5 Configuring and Performing the Measure 5 1 ment Before you can start a measurement you have to configure the R amp S FSV in order to get valid measurement results This chapter contains detailed information on all set tings available in the application You can access the two main settings dialog boxes via the Settings Gen
162. sical attributes and structure of the control channel The control channel settings are part of the Downlink Signal Characteristics tab of the Demodulation Settings dialog box e Gontiguring Ihe ET EE 76 e Configuring the PCFIGLEHL iaa ciere prenie etre etre Er ert ne prata aai 77 e Gohfigurng the PIGH rtt err stt Rud n e e GE ph a Red eden 77 e Configuring the TR DE 79 5 8 4 1 Configuring the PBCH The physical broadcast channel PBCH carries system information for the user equip ment You can include or exclude the PBCH in the test setup and define the relative power of this channel DL Demod DL Frame Config PBCH Present P Rel Power 0 dB aile LEE 77 PBCH Relative Ee EE 77 5 8 4 2 5 8 4 3 Defining Advanced Signal Characteristics PBCH Present Includes or excludes the PBCH from the test setup Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PBCH STAT on page 143 PBCH Relative Power Defines the power of the PBCH relative to the reference signal Remote command CONFigure LTE DL PBCH POWer on page 142 Configuring the PCFICH The physical control format indicator channel PCFICH carries information about the format of the PDCCH You can include or exclude the PCFICH in the test setup and define the relative power of this channel DL Demod DL Frame Config PCFICH m Present v4 Rel Power 0 dB EE 77 PCFICH Relative Power 77 PCFICH Present Includes or excludes the PCFICH
163. sults 1 iecore sipdeedenendecaeseeetpsadedecpapeeeseesbpbeaecerdeees 27 e Measuring the Power Over TIITIG crac ttt te trt tte i 30 e Measuring the Error Vector Magnitude EVM eese 34 Measuring THE IECH cioe i cre Ei et CH ete rr no Ec ind ec red een 38 e Measuring the Symbol Constellaton m 45 E ele 46 4 1 Numerical Results Rosul SERVIS E 27 Result Summary The Result Summary shows all relevant measurement results in numerical form com bined in one table gt Press the Display List Graph softkey so that the List element turns blue to view the Result Summary Remote command DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TABLe on page 96 Contents of the result summary R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays ction Antenna 1 Frame ppm dB dB dBm dBm 1 dBm Factor dB The table is split in two parts The first part shows results that refer to the complete frame For each result the minimum mean and maximum values are displayed It also indicates limit check results where available The font of Pass results is green and that of Fail results is red In addition to the red font the application also puts a red star HMMM in front of failed results EVM PDSCH QPSK Shows the EVM for all QPSK modulated resource elements of the PDSCH channel in the analyzed frame FETCh SUMMary EVM DSQP AVERage on page 101 EVM PDSCH 16QAM Shows the EVM for
164. surements and Result Displays B EVM vs RB Remote command Selecting the result display CALCulate lt n gt FEED EVM EVRP Querying results TRACe DATA 4 4 Measuring the Spectrum This chapter contains information on all measurements that show the power of a signal in the frequency domain In addition to the UO measurements spectrum measurements also include two fre quency sweep measurements the Spectrum Emission Mask and the Adjacent Chan nel Leakage Ratio e Frequency Sweep Measurements ccceceeeeeeeeeeeceeceeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeaeeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 38 e ME EE E 41 4 4 4 Frequency Sweep Measurements The Spectrum Emission Mask SEM and Adjacent Channel Leakage Ratio ACLR measurements are the only frequency sweep measurements available for the LTE measurement application They do not use the 1 Q data all other measurements use Instead those measurements sweep the frequency spectrum every time you run a new measurement Therefore it is not possible to to run an I Q measurement and then view the results in the frequency sweep measurements and vice versa Also because each of the frequency sweep measurements uses different settings to obtain signal data it is not possible to run a frequency sweep measurement and view the results in another frequency sweep measurement Frequency sweep measurements are available if RF input is selected 4 4 1 1 Available Measurements pum PEL KNEE Nc ANS ON NU User Manual 1173
165. t Range fmin to fmax RST 1 GHz Default unit Hz Example FREQ CENT 2GHZ Set the center frequency to 2 GHz 8 7 2 Configuring the Input Level CONFloure POWer EXPected lO cJnstrumentz cece eee iniinis anaa 120 CONFloure POWer ENbeched RE Anstrumentz 120 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t Y SCALe RLEVel OFFSet seseesesssssss 121 INPutem c ATTenuatiensinstr ttehib 2 cortar etaed rune ee eot deu AAEE ARREA 121 Je IT GM M vested 121 IN Puteg AEAT SAT Cis reete ER E eR ERR er Rx FReM toc EEA 121 INPOSA EAT AU TQ cce rete cota tt tact ceo ea eer pter e ger etd a toca eoe ae eta 122 SENSe POWer AUTO lt instrument STAT E eene nennen nnne nnn nnn 122 E GER e Ee e ett En NEE 122 CONFigure POWer EXPected IQ instrument lt RefLevel gt This command defines the reference level when the input source is baseband Parameters lt RefLevel gt lt numeric value gt Range 31 6 mV to 5 62 V RST 1V Default unit V Example CONF POW EXP IQ2 3 61 Sets the baseband reference level used by analyzer 2 to 3 61 V CONFigure POWer EXPected RF lt instrument gt lt RefLevel gt This command defines the reference level when the input source is RF Parameters lt RefLevel gt RST 30 dBm Default unit DBM Example CONF POW EXP RF3 20 Sets the radio frequency reference level used by analyzer 3 to 20 d
166. t turned off the application analyzes the frame only if both configurations are the same Remote command SENSe LTE DL DEMod AUTO on page 132 PDSCH Subframe Configuration Detection Selects the method of identifying the PDSCH resource allocation e Off Uses the user configuration to demodulate the PDSCH subframe If the user con figuration does not match the frame that was measured a bad EVM will result e PDCCH protocol Sets the PDSCH configuration according to the data in the protocol of the PDCCH DCls e Physical detection The physical detection is based on power and modulation detection Physical detection makes measurements on TDD E TMs without a 20 ms trigger signal possible For more information on automatic demodulation see Auto PDSCH Demodulation on page 65 Remote command SENSe LTE DL FORMat PSCD on page 134 Boosting Estimation Turns boosting estimation on and off When you turn this eature on the application automatically sets the relative power set tings of all physical channels and the P S SYNC by analyzing the signal Remote command SENSe LTE DL DEMod BESTimation on page 133 PDSCH Reference Data Selects the type of reference data to calculate the EVM for the PDSCH e Auto detect Automatically identifies the reference data for the PDSCH by analyzing the signal e AllO E TM Sets the PDSCH reference data to a fixed value of 0 This value i
167. t Offset gt Range 150ns to 10s RST 150 ns Default unit s Example TRIG IFP HOLD 1 Defines a holdoff of 1 second TRIGger SEQuence IFPower HYSTeresis lt Hysteresis gt This command defines the trigger hysteresis Parameters lt Hysteresis gt Range 3 to 50 RST 3 Default unit dB 8 11 Spectrum Measurements Example TRIG IFP HYST 10 Defines a trigger hysteresis of 10 dB TRIGger SEQuence LEVel lt instrument gt POWer lt Level gt This command defines the trigger level for an IF power trigger Parameters lt Level gt Default unit DBM Example TRIG LEV POW 10 Defines a trigger level of 10 dBm TRIGger SEQuence MODE Source This command selects the trigger source Parameters Source EXTernal Selects external trigger source IFPower Selects the IF power trigger source IMMediate Selects free run trigger source PSEN Selects power sensor trigger source RFPower Selects RF power trigger source RST IMMediate Example TRIG MODE EXT Selects an external trigger source Spectrum Measurements MMEMOry Be Ee EE 129 SENSE FREQUENCY SPAN E 129 ISENZGel POWer ACHannel AACHannel nennen neret hne 129 SENSe POWer ACHannel BANDwidth CHANnel2 essere ener 130 ISENZGel POWer ACHannel GbACngCHAhNnel nennen rehenes 130 SENSe POWer ACHannel TXCHannels COUNt eese
168. t data block starts or the end of data is reached 0 12 0 2 32 03 02 03 03 03 03 01 03 00 03 8 6 1 4 Capture Buffer For the Capture Buffer result display the command returns one value for each UO sample in the capture buffer lt absolute power gt The unit is always dBm The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 8 6 1 5 CCDF For the CCDF result display the type of return values depends on the parameter e TRACE1 Returns the probability values y axis lt of values gt lt probability gt The unit is always The first value that is returned is the number of the following values User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 108 8 6 1 6 8 6 1 7 8 6 1 8 Measurement Result Query e TRACE2 Returns the corresponding power levels x axis lt of values gt lt relative power gt The unit is always dB The first value that is returned is the number of the following values Channel and Spectrum Flatness For the Channel Flatness result display the command returns one value for each trace point lt relative power gt The unit is always dB The following parameters are supported e TRACE1 Returns the average power over all subframes e TRACE2 Returns the minimum power found over all subframes If you are analyzing a partic ular subframe it returns nothing e TRACE3 Returns the maximum power found over all subframes If you are analyzing a par ticular subframe it returns nothing
169. t n gt DIQ SRATe lt SampleRate gt This command defines the sampling rate for a digital UO signal source Parameters lt SampleRate gt RST 10 MHz Default unit Hz Example INP DIQ SRAT 10MHZ Defines a sampling rate of 10 MHz INPut lt n gt DIQ RANGe UPPer lt ScaleLevel gt This command defines the full scale level for a digital UO signal source Trigger Configuration Parameters lt ScaleLevel gt RST 1V Default unit V Example INP DIQ RANG 0 7 Sets the full scale level to 0 7 V 8 10 Trigger Configuration TRIGger SEQuencelHOLDolfelnstrumerte us redet oce datae eno natn 127 TRIGger SEQuence IFPower HOELDoff 2 2 2 1 trot Leite seva uz nus Ea E 127 TRIGger SEQuence IFPower HYSTeresis cesses ener 127 TRIGger SEQuenceJ LEVel instrument POWer assesses 128 TRiGger SEQuence MODE 5 ete reete teer be ERR aN eed iad ER YER PE R 128 TRIGger SEQuence HOLDoff lt instrument gt Offset This command defines the trigger offset Parameters lt Offset gt lt numeric value gt RST Os Default unit s Example TRIG HOLD 5MS Sets the trigger offset to 5 ms TRIGger SEQuence IFPower HOLDoff lt Offset gt This command defines the holding time before the next trigger event Note that this command is available for any trigger source not just IF Power Parameters l
170. tem Itn cere roh tH Re cree 104 EETCh SUMMary E E 105 FETCESUMMaM TERAM ost tees ttc etd rore B rae E en suas a eue gereest 105 FORMA DATA C ass INI eene Be TE el e Jl MEET EE elei rg E INPut lt n gt ATTenuation lt instrument gt INPut lt n gt Re ee DE lei Ve Kl NEE lee RR EE INPutsn S m gp go INPutsn REENEN ere e RE le E ue D MMEMory LOAD SEMsettings MMEM ry EORD ITMOB DL oni coti eret eae envers ve eee bt e e ie deas TEIAGSTQ FIETet EEATEeSS iat idee a ees A E a Peces er E rV ene egre ee BE THRAG SE DATA de MORI 115 TRIGger SEQuence HOLDoff instr ment otro rrr nente ree enne TRIGger SEQuence TEPower HOLDO T ioco roe A pee Utere En eet dei ees TRIGger SEQuence IFPower HYS T resis or rre ner tern retainer ren rere rna TRIGger SEQuence LEVel lt instrument gt POWer TRIGgEer SEQuUeNnce MODE nutre rp orit opi eie eee de beleehansnier eameaetiencseeiatisraceseteatarsuta eats UNIT BSTR D Brings E Index A iod q Allocation summary Sep Auto Detection Cell Identity ssese 70 Auto POSCH Demodulation sess 65 B Bit SUGAET 2i ee aer n e p s et 47 Boosting estlmalio
171. the Synchronization Sigil aaccess naia 141 e Configuring the Control Channel 142 e Configuring the Shared Channel 145 Defining the PDSCH Resource Block Symbol Offset CONFigure E TEEDEIPSOFTSet uiii coti rccte eden ea cecus ear EENS 141 Advanced Signal Characteristics CONFigure LTE DL PSOFfset lt Offset gt This command defines the symbol offset for PDSCH allocations relative to the start of the subframe The offset applies to all subframes Parameters lt Offset gt AUTO Automatically determines the symbol offset lt numeric value gt Manual selection of the symbol offset Range 0 to 4 RST AUTO Example CONF DL PSOF 2 Sets an offset of 2 symbols 8 14 2 Configuring the Reference Signal GONFigure L TEP DUIREFSIg POWELLE ocius ea ct ce ct erunt eere rae enda etu t naa uae 141 CONFigure L TE DL REFSig POWer Power This command defines the relative power of the reference signal Parameters Power numeric value RST 0 dB Default unit DB Example CONF DL REFS POW 1 2 Sets a relative power of 1 2 dB 8 14 3 Configuring the Synchronization Signal CONFigune FETE DLISVNGAN TCWG EE 141 EE Le DE ENN RTE geet e 142 CONFigtire IL TER Geh Krier eer trina eit LE pn oet tubae naano A RD EA RET 142 CONFigure LTE DL SYNC ANTenna Antenna This command selects the antenna that transmits the P SYNC and the S SYNC Parameters Antenna ANT1 ANT2 ANT3 ANT4 ALL
172. the lowest average OFDM symbol EVM that has been found over the analyzed subframes e Maximum EVM This trace shows the highest average OFDM symbol EVM that has been found over the analyzed subframes If you select and analyze one subframe only the result display contains one trace that shows the OFDM symbol EVM for that subframe only Average minimum and maxi mum values in that case are the same For more information see Subframe Selection on page 81 The x axis represents the OFDM symbols with each symbol represented by a dot on the line The number of displayed symbols depends on the Subframe Selection and the length of the cyclic prefix Any missing connections from one dot to another mean that the R amp S FSV could not determine the EVM for that symbol In case of TDD signals the result display does not show OFDM symbols that are not part of the measured link direction On the y axis the EVM is plotted either in or in dB depending on the EVM Unit IESSE User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 35 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays B EVM vs Symbol 0 10 Symbols div Remote command Selecting the result display CALCulate lt n gt FEED EVM EVSY Querying results TRACe DATA Frequency Error vs Symbol Starts the Frequency Error vs Symbol result display This result display shows the Frequency Error on symbol level You can use it as a debugging technique to identify any frequency errors
173. therwise the suffix of the missing keyword is assumed to be the value 1 Optional keywords are emphasized with square brackets Introduction Example Without a numeric suffix in the optional keyword SENSe FREQuency CENTer is the same as FREQuency CENTer With a numeric suffix in the optional keyword DISPlay WINDow lt 1 4 gt ZOOM STATe DISPlay ZOOM STATe ON enables the zoom in window 1 no suffix DISPlay WINDow4 ZOOM STATe ON enables the zoom in window 4 8 2 5 Alternative Keywords A vertical stroke indicates alternatives for a specific keyword You can use both key words to the same effect Example SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution In the short form without optional keywords BAND 1MHZ would have the same effect as BWID 1MHZ 8 2 6 SCPI Parameters Many commands feature one or more parameters If a command supports more than one parameter these are separated by a comma Example LAYout ADD WINDow Spectrum LEFT MTABle Parameters may have different forms of values e Numere Values ce dE deeg 93 BOCAMA a N A aa 94 EEG iier DAG EE 95 e Character SUNG acd E E E T e tee E eed 95 BBIOCK DAA EE 95 8 2 6 1 Numeric Values Numeric values can be entered in any form i e with sign decimal point or exponent In case of physical quantities you can also add the unit If the unit is missing the com mand uses the basic unit Example with unit SENSe FREQuen
174. ttings dialog box Defining General Measurement Characteristics Positive values correspond to an attenuation and negative values correspond to an amplification RF attenuation is independent of the reference level It is available if automatic refer ence level detection is inactive The range is from 0 dB to 75 dB Remote command RF attenuation INPut lt n gt ATTenuation lt instrument gt on page 121 External attenuation DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel OFFSet on page 121 5 2 3 Configuring the Data Capture The data capture settings contain settings that control the amount of data and the way that the application records the LTE signal The data capture settings are part of the General tab of the General Settings dialog box MIMO Advanced Trigger Spectrum Data Capture Settings Capture Time 40 1 ms Overall Frame Count ei Num Frames to Analyze 1 Auto Acc to Standard Capture TIME ce eere nter eer erp n PR rota tees hee Shaheen aged 54 Overall rate COBL geess Eeer e Ee p re e EES 54 Number of Frames to Anahyze A 55 muto According Wee Ee DE 55 Capture Time Defines the capture time The capture time corresponds to the time of one sweep Hence it defines the amount of data the application captures during one sweep By default the application captures 20 1 ms of data to make sure that at least one complete LTE frame is captured in one sweep Remote command SE
175. ulation scheme are displayed for reference purpo B Constellation Diagram Points Measured The constellation diagram also contains information about the current evaluation range In addition it shows the number of points that are displayed in the diagram Remote command Selecting the result display CALCulate lt n gt FEED CONS CONS Querying results TRACe DATA User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 45 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays 4 6 Measuring Statistics This chapter contains information on all measurements that show the statistics of a sig nal sip Serer ree 46 PGC AON Ein 46 sic M TE 47 CCDF Starts the Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function CCDF result display This result display shows the probability of an amplitude exceeding the mean power For the measurement the complete capture buffer is used The x axis represents the power relative to the measured mean power On the y axis the probability is plotted in 96 B CCDF 2 dBidiv Remote command Selecting the result display CALCulate lt n gt FEED STAT CCDF Querying results TRACe DATA Allocation Summary Starts the Allocation Summary result display This result display shows the results of the measured allocations in tabular form B Allocation Summary Sub Allocation Number del Modulation Power per RE frame of RB m 1 OH H H
176. ults with respect to the new set tings It does not capture UO data again but uses the data captured last Remote command INITiate REFResh on page 97 Adjust Timing Adjusts the timing when you perform Transmit On Off Power measurements For more information see Performing the measurement on page 26 Adjust timing is available for measurements with an external trigger Remote command SENSe LTE 00Power ATIMing on page 98 5 2 Defining General Measurement Characteristics The General Settings contain settings to describe the basic measurement configura tion Defining Signal Characteristics exe e reete mede 51 e Configuring the Input Level i eecceecnieeczckeneese eerte ait tnn Enn ade aan petrae 52 e Configuring the Data Caplule ance ere e t bre cnc tt end 54 e Configuring On Off Power Measurements essent enhn nnne 55 Triggering Measuremaettts cecinere totae rhet nth Eee nerd ERE a dence Rea bunt 56 Defining General Measurement Characteristics 5 2 1 Defining Signal Characteristics The general signal characteristics contain settings to describe the general physical attributes of the signal The signal characteristics are part of the General tab of the General Settings dialog box MIMO Advanced Trigger Spectrum Signal Characteristics Standard 3GPP LTE TDD Downl D Frequency 1 8 GHz Channel Bandwidth 84 10 MHz Number of RB 50
177. um inea cnin enun un E 103 FETCh SUMMary GIMBalance AVERage esses eene nnns 103 FETCh SUMMary QOFfsetMAXImbuUm a oido ecc aoc ettam a EE eo e ed ERR ye pe deua ee 103 ai Mr BT Ee eegen EE 103 FE TCh SUMMarvlOOtFtsett AVERagel nennen nnn nente ian 103 FETCH SUMMary2OST PAM AMIN eS as edes irent nee tede eue nre extre ieee ne 103 FEIChSUMMary OSTP MINImBm 2 1222 sane era erro pereo pex chau Pub d Din A pD a Pee PSY PRIN dd 103 FETOISUMMary OS SR EE 103 FETCH SUMMaryPOWerMMAX Init ugedoe AEN 104 FEICh SUMMary POWer MINIRYUImI 1 cauce ia rove kcu EERSTEN AEN 104 PETERS Heer GE Eeler seed 104 FETCh SUMMary QUADerror MAXIMUM cee cece eee ce eee ee eee teceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeesananaea 104 FETCH SUMMary QUADError MINIS nte n rtt t tta tt etta eren trees 104 FETCh SUMMary QUADerror AVERage oiii iet anonsi insi aiaia tuna ananas 104 FETCh SUMMarn RSTP IMAXIBAUNE s ccs ut io e eene eae rodea oue euge e REN eec EEe 104 FETCh SUMManRSTPP MUNIRU 12a cotta tag tb Fan rho e een re tette re eet attt nena 104 FETCh SUMMary RSTPEAVERags iced ires ede eee ena esci nanc D d deese ede aenea 104 FETCH SUMMary SERROE MAXIITIUINI 2 titer e eR au Ra EES ep RE en E 104 FETCh SUMMary SERRGEMINITUITI aiaa eicere treu ko aiaiai REN A eA PEDE GEELEN 104 FEIFCh SUMMary SERROIEAVERage si bl ate nennen trente 104 FETCh SUMMary TAE antids iao laci AGENCE ade
178. upper adjacent channels cu1 and cu2 are to the right of the second TX channel The x axis represents the frequency with a frequency span that relates to the specified EUTRA LTE channel and adjacent channel bandwidths On the y axis the power is plotted in dBm By default the ACLR settings are based on the selected LTE Channel Bandwidth You can change the assumed adjacent channel carrier type and the Noise Correction B Adj Chan Leakage Power Assumed ACC ELITRA same B HCORR OFF RBW 100 00 kHz VBW 1 00 MHz SWT 500 00 ms UR 5 15 MHz div The power for the TX channel is an absolute value in dBm The power of the adjacent channels are values relative to the power of the TX channel In case of two TX channels the power of the adjacent channels to the left of the TX channels are values relative to the power of the left TX channel The power of the adja cent channels on the right of the TX channels are values relative to the power of the right TX channel IESSE User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 40 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays In addition the ACLR measurement results are also tested against the limits defined by 3GPP In the diagram the limits are represented by horizontal red lines ACLR table A table above the result display contains information about the measurement in numer ical form e Channel Shows the channel type TX Adjacent or Alternate Channel Note that if you perfo
179. ustness against multipath fading and its efficient receiver architecture figure 1 1 shows a representation of an OFDM signal taken from 3GPP TR 25 892 2 In this figure a signal with 5 MHz bandwidth is shown but the principle is of course the same for the other EUTRA bandwidths Data symbols are independently modulated and transmitted over a high number of closely spaced orthogonal subcarriers In EUTRA downlink modulation schemes QPSK 16QAM and 64QAM are available In the time domain a guard interval may be added to each symbol to combat inter OFDM symbol interference due to channel delay spread In EUTRA the guard interval is a cyclic prefix which is inserted prior to each OFDM symbol 5 MHz Bandwidth ger amp o Nn Frequency kk M M KK KM Time Fig 1 1 Frequency Time Representation of an OFDM Signal In practice the OFDM signal can be generated using the inverse fast Fourier transform IFFT digital signal processing The IFFT converts a number N of complex data sym bols used as frequency domain bins into the time domain signal Such an N point IFFT is illustrated in figure 1 2 where a mN n refers to the n subchannel modulated data symbol during the time period mT lt t m 1 T Long Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme mT m time a mN 0 mt m 1 T a mN 1 time a mN 2 gt s 0 s 1 542 Sm N 1 Sm frequency Fig 1 2 OFDM useful symbol gen
180. vanced Signal Charachertseice EE 74 Performing Measurements The sweep menu contains functions that control the way the R amp S FSV performs a measurement Single Sweep and Continuous ween 49 TIE R 50 aic m 50 vH EI EET LSU 50 Single Sweep and Continuous Sweep In continuous sweep mode the R amp S FSV continuously captures data performs meas urements and updates the result display according to the trigger settings Defining General Measurement Characteristics To activate single sweep mode press the Run Single softkey In single sweep mode the R amp S FSV captures data performs the measurement and updates the result display exactly once after the trigger event After this process the R amp S FSV interrupts the measurement You can always switch back to continuous sweep mode with the Run Cont softkey Remote command INITiate CONTinuous on page 97 Auto Level The Auto Level softkey initiates a process that sets an ideal reference level for the current measurement For more information see Defining a Reference Level on page 53 Remote command SENSe POWer AUTO lt instrument gt STATe on page 122 Refresh Updates the current result display in single sweep mode without capturing UO data again If you have changed any settings after a single sweep and use the Refresh function the R amp S FSV updates the current measurement res
181. within symbols The result is an average over all subcarriers The x axis represents the OFDM symbols with each symbol represented by a dot on the line The number of displayed symbols depends on the Subframe Selection and the length of the cyclic prefix Any missing connections from one dot to another mean that the R amp S FSV could not determine the frequency error for that symbol On the y axis the frequency error is plotted in Hz Note that the variance of the measurement results in this result display may be much higher compared to the frequency error display in the Result Summary depending on the PDSCH and control channel configuration The potential difference is caused by the number of available resource elements for the measurement on symbol level i is 0 10 Symbols div Remote command Selecting the result display CALCulate lt n gt FEED EVM FEVS Querying results TRACe DATA EVM vs Subframe Starts the EVM vs Subframe result display murum PEL INE NN NS ON UU User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 36 R amp S FSV K10x LTE Downlink Measurements and Result Displays This result display shows the Error Vector Magnitude EVM for each subframe You can use it as a debugging technique to identify a subframe whose EVM is too high The result is an average over all subcarriers and symbols of a specific subframe The x axis represents the subframes with the number of displayed subframes being 10 On the y axis the EV
182. y The system should be optimized for low mobile speed 0 to 15 km h but higher mobile speeds shall be supported as well including high speed train envi ronment as a special case e Spectrum allocation Operation in paired frequency division duplex FDD mode and unpaired spectrum time division duplex TDD mode is possible e Co existence Co existence in the same geographical area and co location with GERAN UTRAN shall be ensured Also co existence between operators in adja cent bands as well as cross border co existence is a requirement e Quality of Service End to end quality of service QoS shall be supported VoIP should be supported with at least as good radio and backhaul efficiency and latency as voice traffic over the UMTS circuit switched networks e Network synchronization Time synchronization of different network sites shall not be mandated User Manual 1173 0814 02 05 8 Long Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme 1 2 Long Term Evolution Downlink Transmission Scheme 1 2 1 OFDMA The downlink transmission scheme for EUTRA FDD and TDD modes is based on con ventional OFDM In an OFDM system the available spectrum is divided into multiple carriers called sub carriers which are orthogonal to each other Each of these subcarriers is independ ently modulated by a low rate data stream OFDM is used as well in WLAN WiMAX and broadcast technologies like DVB OFDM has several benefits including its rob

R&S®FSV-K10x LTE DL Measurement

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents

R&amp;S&reg;FSV-K10x LTE DL Measurement

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents

R&S®FSV-K10x LTE DL Measurement