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Sotec PHC-16 User's Manual

1. Most computer systems con sists of these parts Air le ephone Keyboard Your PHC 16 has two built in peripherals a keyboard for you to enter data and a screen for you to see the results You can add a printer to print the results on paper and you can add a modem so your PHC 16 can exchange information with other computers over telephone lines With a modem for example you could compose memos or write reports in your hotel room and send them by telephone to your home office thousands of miles away 2 Software Your computer system is called hardware and the instructions that tell the computer what to do are called software These instructions are grouped together in programs to do a certain job like word processing and are usually called application programs There are some other software programs that make the computer system work called system software The most important system software you will use is the operating system The operating system manages your data and instructions for application software as they move through the computer system 3 How Data is Stored Inside the computer is an area called internal memory where data is stored while the computer manipulates the data The computer can transfer data into and out of internal memory very quickly This is called reading and writing But your computer s internal memory is limited You need a way to store large amounts of data Your PHC 16
2. Default Palette 5 values are OOH 70H OOH 60H 00H 50H 00H 40H OOH 30H O0H 20H 00H 10H 00H 00H OOH 70H OOH 60H 00H 50H 00H 40H 00H 30H 00H 20H 00H 10H 00H 00H 7 8087 Coprocessor Paralle Port Pin Chart When SW1 4 is OFF an 8087 coprocessor can be used Pin NO 1 Strobe 8 CTRL Left Shift Functions 2 Data 0 3 Data l The CTRL Left Shift functions are explained in Chapter 2 4 Data 2 Customizing Your PHC 16 25 Data 3 6 Data 4 In addition 7 Data 5 8 Data 6 A Only one function can be active at a time b 7 Data 7 10 ACK i The remote dumb terminal program is used for communication 11 Busy purposes It can go through either COMI or COM2 It is menu 12 PE driven for ease of use At present there is no checking of 13 SLCT the clear to send or data set ready 14 N C no connect 15 N C x Data is received through an interrupt driven routine If 16 init 24K of RAM is saved for the the CTRL Left Shift functions 17 N C then the last 8K is used as a data buffer If not the last 18 ground GND 8K of video RAM is used as a buffer If the buffer is 19 ground GND overrun an error message occurs and the system prompts the 20 ground GND user Further data is lost however 21 ground GND 22 ground GND 23 ground GND 9 Technical Notes 24 ground GND 25 ground GND l To conserve power the PHC 16 uses CMOS parts wherever possible including the printer port If the computer is Sirial Po
3. which allows the CPU to receive record and store information when the machine is on Read Only Memory ROM This permanent memory stores the information necessary for the machine s daily operations The computer can only read information from ROM ROM memory is never lost whereas RAM memory can be if the information is not stored on diskette and the computer is turned off Z s es E p 2 E AS Scratch Diskette A diskette containing data you don t want or need anymore Software Programs that tell the computer to store and process It is the software that makes the computer capable of doing the tasks you want it to perform EE RA IIA ae tr A Technical Information 1 Memory Map EODUD DUE EE 0000 CFFEF Cogg CTFFF E4000 ESEFF EDD UU AFFFF 20000 UPPER 200000 EE 7 0000 PI ROMI ROM 1 ROM 1 gekBytes KBytes 32KBytes 2 7290 21299 27206 EOM 4 lbKEytes ZO 4VO ZO 4 TO GER Kb SAY BLANK e L Bank switched RAM Up to 64f Kk can be addressed in this 64 area Optional See belew for switching info Reserved Hard Disk ROM Reserved l6XBytes for color graphics video Internal standard external option Reserved 1EkEytes for monochrome Videa sdapter external option Resaryed 128KPutes Expansion RAN Uation 256KBvtes Expansion RAM Option CFEKBytes Main Board RAM Standard Far ption 2 all data in that are
4. and that any data on files in the RAM drive has been copied back to a diskette Remove any diskette in the physical drive Turn the on off switch on the back of the PHC 16 OFF Turn the power pack switch OFF Find the gray button just to the left of the power pack and press it The power pack should pop out of its slot part way If nothing happens use your other hand to press in slightly on the power pack while you press the gray button This releases the pressure on the catch and it should pop out part way Pull the power pack the rest of the way out Remove any diskettes and turn the Datavue power off Press the release button to release the power pack and slide it all the way out Release Button F Start Up PHC 16 l is easy to turn on Follow these steps Install either the AC adapter or the battery power pack as described in the steps above If you are using the AC adapter plug it into an electrical outlet Turn the on off switch on the power pack ON Turn the on off switch on the back of PHC 16 ON press in on the left side of the switch so that the red line on the right is showing If your PHe lo has less than 768K you should immediately see a display like this on your screen USE THE AND KEYS TO INCREASE OR DECREASE RAM DISK MEMORY MEMORY IS RE ASSIGNED IN 8K INCREMENTS HIT THE ENTER KEY above the PrtSc key WHEN THE SETUO IS CORRECT REPRES SENTS 8K OF MAIN MEMORY O PEPRSENTS 8
5. D5 KEYBOARD D5 Swl 6 D6 KEYBOARD D6 SW1 7 D7 KEYBOARD D7 Swl 8 PORT 62H PORT 61H D2 0 PORT 61H D2 1 DO Swl 3 0 Dl 1 1 D2 1 Swl 1 D3 1 SW1 2 CAUTION Some software does direct read write without using the system BIOS routines This software may not work correctly unless SW3 2 is ON A 5 25 inch floppy disk drive can be attached to the back of the case In this configuration it 1S necessary to distinguish between Drive B being internal or external After power on the internal external Drive B selections can be made by setting D2 of port 73H to l or 0 SW3 5 and SW3 6 can be used to select different fonts Type 3 and 4 fonts are currently undefined Port 73H write only is a control port used to enable or disable the functions selected by dip switch SW3 2 to SW3 8 The following are the data bit settings DO 0 Used to turn power to the backlit LCD when installed ON or OFF Dl 0 Always supply power to the floppy disk drives OFF saves battery power D2 0 The 2nd floppy disk drive is internal D3 0 Internal video RAM is being used B8000 BIFFF D4 0 Selects D4 1 Selects D4 0 Selects D4 1 Selects D5 0 USA font D5 0 Type 2 font D5 1 Type 3 font D5 l Type 4 font D6 0 Internal RAM is being used 40000 7FFFF OFF for external cards D7 0 Internal RAM is being used 80000 BFFFF OFF for external cards This allows a programmer to select these options from a program if desired 6 CRT Video and LCD Video The PHC 16 has
6. For detailed instructions on using the RAM drive see the section on Using the RAM Drive in Chapter 4 Operations Ho Turning the Power ON and OFF How that your PHC 16 is unpacked and set up and you ve learned the keys and some important terms and concepts you re ready to turn your PHC 16 on and put it to work rour PHO 16 operates on either household AC electricity or with battery pack The AC power pack is standard equipment and was shipped with your PHC 16 The battery power pack is optional l Inserting the Power Source Both the AC pack and the optional battery pack are inserted in exactly the same place and in the same way l Make sure the on off switch on the back of the PHC 16 is OFF press down on the right side of the switch so the red line does not show It should come shipped turned OFF but check to make sure 2 Insert the power pack either battery or AC into the power slot located on the left side of PHC 16 The power pack can only be put in one way If it doesn t go in at first flip it over 3 Push the power pack all the way in until you hear it click 4 Turn the power pack switch ON Slide the power pack all the way into the slot on the left side of the Datavue until it clicks D 2 Removing the Power Pack To take out either the standard AC pack or the optional battery power pack follow these steps E If you have been using the computer make sure all data has been saved
7. Omit 1t and DOS will look on the default drive ext is the name of the file you want to delete As with other commands you may use a wildcard to erase a series of files but use extreme caution For example typing MEMO will erase all memo files but there may be a MEMO file you wanted to keep and you may not realize it until it s too late TYPE TYPE is a very useful command because it displays the contents of a file Use the form TYPE d ilename ext d is the drive on which the file is located filename ext is the name of the file you want to display The file scrolls from beginning to end automatically Use the CTRL and NUM LOCK keys together to stop the file from scrolling Press any key to continue A Final Word About DOS Commands If you look at the directory of the DOS diskette you ll see a list of filenames that match the commands discussed in the previous pages These files contain programs that perform the functions described under the commands DOS commands are of two types resident and non resident or external When you start the system with the DOS diskette some of the commands or program files are loaded into memory These are called resident commands because they reside in memory and will run without having the DOS diskette in the physical drive or loaded onto the RAM drive DIR COPY ERASE and TYPE are all resident commands Other DOS commands are called external because they a
8. RBG and composite video connectors out the back The RBG pinout is the same as the industry standard The CRT video and LCD video are controlled by a V6355 controller chip The selection of a CRT monitor or the LCD screen is done by reprogramming the chip and by writing to port 72H write only Port 72H also controls the reverse video and contrast on the LCD screen DO l1 Lower the contrast Dl l Raise the contrast D2 1 Set the contrast to a mid range value D3 1 Select a CRT monitor D3 0 selects the LCD D4 1 Reverse the black and white on the LCD screen D5 Not used D6 Not used D7 Not used The V6355 chip has 16 palettes Each one can be reprogrammed to give any of an 8 level gray scale on the screen All colors can be made the same or they can be set as desired The CTRL Left Shift S command rotates through six different palette settings to make the LCD screen readable for a variety of color combinations The first five settings are fixed The sixth setting is user selectable however the desired values must be written to CMOS RAM PALETTE 0 General use 1 Enables the intensity bit for Wordstar type programs 2 Reverses the use of the intensity bit 3 Gives an 8 level gray scale in text mode 4 For composite video output 5 User definable The default values give the same effect as inverse video on the LCD screen the values are the reverse of palette 3 RBG output will not be affected by the palette selection
9. are using PHC 16 no matter what kind of software you are using The audio feedback setting is stored in the PHC 16 and remains the same until you change it D Screen Adjustments l LCD Palette There are six LCD palettes or settings for character intensity Application software displays different shades and intensities depending on how it s programmed and the characteristics of the monitor used The palette adjustment lets you select the best display for your PHC 16 LCD screen Keep pressing CTRL Left Shift and S to cycle through the palettes until you find the best one for your software 2 Screen Contrast You can also adjust the contrast on your screen Press the CTRL Left Shift and Up Arrow keys at the same time to increase the contrast Press the CTRL Left Shift and Down Arrow keys at the same time to decrease the contrast Press the CTRL Left Shift and 5 on the numeric keypad keys at the same time to return to the default middle setting You can also adjust the screen contrast Press the CTRL Left Shift the numeric pad Skeye at the same time to increase the contrast Pr the CTRL Left Shift and the numeric pad Skeys at the same time to decrease the contrast Press the CTRL Left Shift and the numeric 6keys at the same time to return to the default middle setting LI 8 S A To turn the back light completely on or off press the CTRL Left 5 and the numeric pad Okeys at thesame time Ev
10. designation as part of the filename For example Suppose your word processor is in Drive B the RAM drive and your data diskette is in Drive A the physical drive Your word processor asks you what file you want to edit The file you want is called MEMO DOC and is on your data diskette Type A MEMO DOC Caution Your application progran may be copy protected to prevent piracy This will usually prevent you from using the RAM drive as we have just described Always follow the installation instructions that come with your application program F Using BASIC Not Included with PHC 16 BASIC is a programming language that lets you write your own programs If you want to use BASIC to write programs skip this section and go directly to the optional Microsoft BASIC manual BASIC for the IBM and COMPAQ computers will not run on the PHC 16 You must buy GWBASIC Better BASIC or some other generic BASIC that does not depend on BIOS ROM code for identification or support routines There will be times however when you may want to run BASIC programs that are already written This section introduces you to BASIC and shows you how to load and run BASIC programs Caution Before you begin using BASIC be sure to make a back up or working copy of your BASIC diskette To use BASIC start the PHC 16 with DOS Remove the DOS diskette from the physical drive and insert your working copy of the BASIC diskette At the A gt prompt type BASICA and pres
11. fingerprint could destroy data Always return your diskettes to the paper envelopes This helps protect them Store all diskettes away from heat and magnetic field sources such as telephones and dictating equipment Always make copies of your diskettes for additional protection These are called back up coples Instructions for making backup copies are found in Chapter 4 Operations Always label your diskettes with a felt tipped pen Pencils or pens could damage the diskette Use the adhesive labels that come with a box of diskettes Do not leave diskettes in a parked car on a very hot day or expose them to temperatures below 50 F 10 C Do not bend diskettes To use a diskette insert it in the PHC 16 physical diskette drive with the notch up and the label facing away from you The drive is the slot on the right side of your computer Slide the diskette into the disk drive until it clicks Then press the little square button until ft Clicks Hope Button Diskette H 4 i i E E ba D while the RAM drive discussed in the next section is electronic the diskette drive is mechanical To avoid confusion between the two drives this manual always calls the diskette drive the physical drive To insert the diskette in the physical drive follow these steps l Press the release button labeled PUSH at the top of the physical drive Then remove the white cardboard protector from the PHC 1
12. system for CTRL Left Shift As viewed from the modem door ROM 1 is the upper ROM ROM 2 is functions to store the screen image and as a buffer the lower ROM Be sure to turn off the computer and pay close attention to the direction of the notch on the ROM when inserting d 16K of the high RAM is used to store the current screen ROM chips when any of the CTRL Left Shift functions are called Most of the routines that can be called using the CTRL Left Shift XXX keyboard sequence can also be called from within a program by using a far call to 0F000 0FEAB8H with AL ROUTINE to call x 8K is used as a data buffer for the dumb terminal program For a 1280K 1 25 megabyte system the upper 256K is free for use AL 0 Show battery level AL 1 Show date and time cursor is moved to home position AL 2 Invert black white on the LCD AL 3 Toggle between LCD and RGB or composite monitor AL 4 Cycle through the 6 palette choices AL 5 Toggle between block and underline cursor AL 6 Enter the dumb terminal program AL 7 Enter the help screen program Bank switching of the RAM is done through control port 77H write only The data pattern written to this port controls RAM as follows AL 8 Enter the world clock program X X X X 0 0 0 0 Bank 0 Open RAM Window X X X X 0 0 0 Bank 1 Open RAM Window Writing to and reading from CMOS RAM is done through an 1 0 port X X X X 0 U l U Bank 2 Open RAM Window and is rather complicated To make the
13. unit containing a rigid disk hard disk treated to store electromagnetic charges and used by a computer to permanently store data Hard drives for the PHC 16 must be mounted in the expansion unit or externally mounted in their own case and attached to the expansion unit Unlike diskettes hard disks are usually not removable Because of their construction hard disks hold much more data usually 10 or 20 megabytes and are much faster than diskettes K Abbreviation of Kilobyte Keyboard The collection of keys and controls used for typing information into a computer Kilobyte Roughly 1000 bytes abbreviated as K actually 1 024 bytes The PHC 16 standard 256K of memory equals 262 144 bytes Megabyte Roughly one million bytes abbreviated as MB Actually 1 024 000 bytes Memory The area in which programs and information are stored in the computer Menu Like a menu ina restaurant a list of choices you can select from to perform desired functions such as edit delete or print Microcomputer A computer that uses a microprocessor as its central processor The term microcomputer includes personal desktop home and portable computers Microprocessor See Chip Modem A device allowing a computer to send and receive information to and from another computer over telephone lines MS DOS The most widely used operating system for microcomputers and included with the PHC 16 Operating System A software p
14. use of CMOS RAM easier X X X X U U Bank 3 Open RAM Window the following BIOS calls are available X X X X 0 0 0 Bank 4 Open RAM Window i X X X X 0 l 0 Bank 5 Open RAM Window Set the address you want to read from or write to into i X X X X 0 l U Bank 6 Open RAM Window the DX register X X X X 0 Bank 7 Open RAM Window X X X X l 0 0 U Bank 8 Open RAM Window Write Set the data you want to write into the AL or AX X X X X 1 0 l Bank 9 Open RAM Window register Do a far call to the desired routine X X X X 1 0 0 Close RAM Window Read Doa far call to the desired routine The data x X X X 1 0 l l Close RAM Window read is returned in the AL or AX register x X x x 1 1 0 0 Close RAM Window X X X X l l 0 l Close RAM Window F000 FF60 READ BYTE AL HAS THE BYTE READ x X Xx X l l l 0 Close RAM Window FO000 FF64 WRITE BYTE AL HAS THE BYTE TO WRITE N X x x 1 l l 1 Close RAM Window FO00 FF68 READ WORD AX HAS THE WORD READ F000 FF6C WRITE WORD AX HAS THE WORD TO WRITE x Don t care With the RAM window closed any external drive wishing to use the area from E0000H to EFFFFH can do so 4 Battery Backup CMOS RAM 2K bytes are standard and 8K bytes are optional To upgrade from 2K to 8K turn the power off remove the 6 screws that hold the front and back of the case together and remove the socketed RAM chip M5M5117P or equivalent on the I O board and replace it with an 8K RAM chip M5M5165P or equivalent When insta
15. 1280K or 1 25 MEG total you will probably never need to remove the memory board However if you buy the 512K expansion 768K total you may want to add memory at some time You must use 256K chips and must add memory in banks of 256K at a time Open the cover to the memory board compartment on the left side of the computer To remove the memory board and install more memory chips follow these steps l Turn OFF all power to the PHC 16 Sien After opening the cover disconnect the board by pulling the white plastic tab a little to your left You ll be able to tell when the board plug is disconnected de Now slide the whole memory board out AL thts init Jey The memory board really contains two individual boards bolted together LU you bought 512K of additional memory the lower board will be filled with chips and the upper board will be empty The empty chip sockets are in two rows and are numbered 1 8 and 9 16 Memory can only be increased in 256K increments by filling up a whole row of eight sockets at a time Be sure to use only 256K chips Install the first row of chips in sockets 1 8 If you also install a second set use sockets 9 16 To install new chips follow these steps l The pins on your new chips are usually spread apart a little too much Before inserting press the pins in slightly Din Now insert the chip on the board in the correct slot as sho
16. 18 153 0 185 gt 217 J 249 154 U 186 Il 218 r 250 x 155 187 219 m 251 J 156 188 S 220 maa 252 n 157 189 A 221 I 253 l 158 Pt 190 A 222 254 u 159 f 191 223 e 255 blank FF A 14 A 15 A Warranty Provisions The Kohjinsha Co Ltd warrants this product to be in good working order for a period of one hundred eighty 180 days from the date of purchase as a new product Should this product fail to perform properly any time within that one hundred eighty 180 day period Kohjinsha Co Ltd will at its option repair or replace this product at no cost except as set forth in this warranty Replacement parts or products will be furnished on an exchange basis only Replaced parts and or products become the property of Kohjinsha Co Ltd No warranty is expressed or implied for products damaged by accident abuse misuse natural or personal disaster or unauthorized modification Warranty service described herein may be obtained by delivering this product during the one hundred eighty 180 day warranty period to Kohjinsha Co Ltd located at 2 7 21 Matsukape cho Naka ku Yokohama 23 Japan When delivering to the factory product must be accompanied by proof of purchase date If shipped by mail or any common carrier owner agrees to insure and accept all liability for loss or damage to this product to prepay all shipping charges and to use shipping container equivalent to original packaging B Warranty Lim
17. 6 physical drive Grasp the flap and pull it out E Hold the diskette with the LABEL FACING THE BACK OF THE COMPUTER AND THE NOTCH UP and slide it into the physical drive 3 When it is all the way in the slot you will hear a faint Click 4 Press the release button labeled PUSH at the top of the physical drive until you hear another click This is like closing the door to the physical drive 6 An Electronic Drive The RAM Drive PHC 16 includes a built in electronic drive that works just like the mechanical diskette drive and gives you the versatility and convenience of a two drive system This electronic drive is called a RAM drive because it uses a portion of RAM PHC 16 lets you set aside up to 360K of RAM to use to store programs and data Just like the diskette drive When you start up PHC 16 asks you to designate how much RAM to allocate to the RAM drive You may assign from 0 to 360K in 8K increments Or you can turn switch SW2 1 ON so that PHC 16 will automatically allocate the full 360K to the RAM drive whenever you start up When using the RAM drive remember to always copy any data you want saved to a diskette before you turn the power off All RAM memory including the RAM drive is lost when power is turned off 7 L Caution Be sure to allocate all 360K to the RAM drive before using the DISKCOPY command Using DISKCOPY to copy to a RAM drive of less than 360K may cause data loss or unpredictable results
18. 8 24 T BMEMR N S 25 IBA1 9 26 IBIOW N COMP 1l VIDEO OUT T 27 IBA17 28 IBIOR N 2 ground GND e e 29 IBAl6 30 IBDACK3 N GND2 ee t31 IBA15 32 DRQ3 oe 33 IBAl4 34 IBDACKI N v F35 IBA13 36 DROI W s 37 IBA12 38 IBDACKO N S 39 1BA11 40 EXCRK S 41 IBALO 42 IRQ7 Modem Bus Port Pin Chart sd 43 IBA9 44 IRQ6 ee 45 IBA8 46 IRQS l e o 47 IBA7 48 IRQ4 ret Pin NO e lt 49 IBA6 50 IRQ3 J 5v 18 IBA4 att 51 IBAS 52 IBDACK2 N 2 IRQ4 19 15V E 53 IBA4 54 IBTIC 3 IBD7 420 IBA3 Se 55 IBA3 56 I BAENBRD 4 IBRESET 21 15V 62 57 IBA2 58 5V 5 IBD6 22 IBA2 St 59 IBA 60 OSC 6 MODEMCS N 23 I BAENRD o 61 IBAO 62 GND R 7 IBD5 24 TBA 8 NC H25 5V 9 IBD4 26 IT BAO 10 IBA7 27 GND 11 IBD3 H 28 IBIOW N 12 IBA6 29 GND 13 IBD2 430 IBIOR N 14 IBAS EN GND 15 IBD 432 RO 3 16 MODEMOPN N 33 GNI 17 IBDO 434 GND A 10 Asii ASCII Chart ASCII value 000 001 002 003 004 005 006 007 008 009 010 011 012 013 014 015 016 017 018 019 020 021 022 023 024 025 026 027 028 029 030 031 NO 1 Character null 400 beep a tab line feed home form feed carriage return S eenegen Mate LE gt ay cursor right cursor left cursor up cursor down Control character NUL SOH STX ETX EOT ENQ ACK BEL BS HT LF VT FF CR SO SI DLE DCI DC2 DC3 DCH NAK SYN ETB CAN EM SUB ESC FS GS RS U
19. A you can toggle the drive designations of A and B between the physical and RAM drives by pressing the CTRL Left Shift and D keys RE Simultaneously and continue to use A as the default drive Or you can change the default drive to B Here are some examples Ls Your word processor programs are on one diskette and your data is on another Insert your word processor program diskette in the physical drive and copy the files to the RAM drive like this COPY B Remove the word processor diskette and insert the data diskette in the physical drive Swap drive designations by pressing CTRL ALT and D at the same time The RAM drive your word processor is now A and the physical drive your data is now B Load your word processor for Wordstar for example type WS and press ENTER and operate as you would on any two drive system ES Your spreadsheet is copy protected and won t copy to the RAM drive Instead copy your data or only the files you need to the RAM drive and use the spreadsheet program diskette in the physical drive REMEMBER TO COPY YOUR DATA BACK TO YOUR DATA DISKETTE WHEN YOU RE THROUGH BEFORE TURNING OFF THE PHC 16 3s Your filer system is on one diskette and your data is on another But once the filer programs load that diskette is never read Insert the filer system diskette in the physical drive and load it as you would normally Swap drive designations remove the program diskette and insert your data dis
20. AMETERS TO THE DEFAULT VALUES t sw CH RESET HOME TIME ZONE DATE AND TIME REDEFINE CITY NAMES REDEFINE TIME DIFFERENCE FROM GMT TOP CLOCK POSITION UU d Vi OV 00 os en as sa en re Press Fl to cycle through the three things you can change These are listed at the bottom right of the screen and the active one is highlighted Reset home time zone date and time Redefine city names Redefine time difference from GMT As you cycle through this list the cursor moves to the information to be changed Use the Right and Left Arrow keys to change numeric values type in the location name Press ENTER to move to the next item to update If you want to return all items to the default values press the FLO key Press ESC to return to the World Clock display F Using PHC 16 as a Remote Dumb Terminal The PHC 16 can be used as a remote or dumb terminal to communicate with x A data retrieval service such as the Source S A mainframe computer N Another PHC 16 or other microcomputer You must add the optional internal modem or an external modem plugged into the serial port If you communicate with another PHC 16 or compatible computer using a cable and not telephone lines you don t need a modem Press the CTRL Left Shift and R keys at the same time to display the Remote Terminal screen COPY TO PRINTER OFF BAUD PARITY S TOP WORD SERIAL LFtCR FOR COPY OUTPUT RATE BIT S LENGTH PORT RECEIVED DATA
21. ASIC prompt and press ENTER BASIC returns to the DOS A gt prompt Froblem Solving Some programs especially games use 40 column displays rather than 80 column When you exit the BASIC program and return to the BASIC prompt you may see a large OK and no function key commands listed at the bottom of the screen This means you are still in the 40 column display mode But you can continue to use BASIC commands and function keys as with the BASIC screen even though the function key identifiers do not appear at the bottom of the screen If this happens and you want to return to the BASIC screen insert the BASIC diskette in the physical drive if it 1s not already there type SYSTEM and press ENTER to return to the A gt prompt and type BASICA and press ENTER to reload BASIC For more information on BASIC see your BASIC manual PHC 16 is a solidly constructed and thoroughly tested computer that should give you years of trouble free operation However as with any equipment things can go wrong If your PHC 16 is not operating properly you can check a number of functions yourself A Check These Things First If your PHC 16 fails to turn on check these things first Is your computer plugged into an electrical outlet il Are both the on off switch on the back of the PHC 16 and the switch on the power pack turned ON k Is the memory board plugged securely into the connection The black part of the plug must complet
22. BAY DATE 1 01 1986 TIME 6 30 00 DACCA DATE 1 01 1986 TIME 7 00 00 BANGKOK DATE 1 01 1986 TIME 8 00 00 PEKING DATE 1 01 1986 TIME 9 00 00 YOKOHAMA DATE 1 01 1986 TIME 10 00 00 MELBOURNE DATE 1 01 1986 TIME 11 00 00 KURIL ISLANDS DATE 1 01 1986 TIME 12 00 00 AUCKLAND DATE 1 01 1986 TIME 13 00 00 SAMOA DATE 12 31 1985 TIME 14 00 00 HONOLULU DATE 12 31 1985 TIME 15 00 00 ANCHORAGE DATE 12 31 1985 TIME 16 00 00 SAN FRANCISCO DATE 12 31 1985 TIME 17 00 00 DENVER DATE 12 31 1985 TIME 18 00 00 CHICAGO DATE 12 31 1985 TIME 19 00 00 ATLANTA DATE 12 31 1985 TIME 20 00 00 BERMUDA DATE 12 31 1985 TIME 21 00 00 RIO DE JANEIRO DATE 12 31 1985 TIME 22 00 00 PRESS ESC TO RETURN T OR Y TO ALTER THE HOME TIME ZONE S TO SET THE CLOCK Press ESC to return where you were Press the Up or Down Arrow keys to change the home location indicated by the reverse video bar To change the time or locations press S and this screen appears GMT MENU FOR SETTING THE WORLD CLOCK LONDON PARIS CAIRO MOSCOW MAURITIUS KARACHI BOMBA Y DACCA BANGKOK PEKING YOKOHAMA MELBOURNE KURIL ISLANDS AUCKLAND SAMOA HONOLULU ANCHORAGE SAN FRANCISCO DENVER CHICAGO ATLANTA BERMUDA RIO DE JANEIRO DATE 12 31 1985 TIME 20 00 00 RETURNS TO THE WORLD CLOCK MOVES TO THE NEXT SECTION LLL v GD A Dunia uN ra GC E ALTER VALUES MOVES TO THE NEXT ITEM FOR UPDATING Rh Ka KA m Ne RESETS ALL PAR
23. CKS USE OF LCD IS FORCED LELETEI ON USE EXTERNAL VIDEO CARDS IN EXPANSION I O UNIT ON KEEP 24K OF HIGH RAM FOR CTRL L SHIFT FUNCTIONS ON 720K RAM DISK FORMAT OFF 360K RAM DISK FORMAT gt RESERVED SE oe sath utes RESERVED Be eS 2 RESERVED l ON ENABLE POWER SAVING MODE ON FLOPPY DISK DRIVE ae a T a ON 2ND FLOPPY DISK DRIVE 1S INTERNAL IN IAN E ON INTERNAL VIDEO RAM IS BEING USED B8000 BFFFF SCH USA daa 2 ON E 3 oo 4 DIP SWITCH SETTINGS ONJ FONT ON J FONT OFFI FONT OFFJ FONT ONSINTERNAL RAM USED 40000 7FFFF OFF EXTERNAL FACTORY SETTING ON INTERNAL RAM USED 80000 AFFFF OFF EXTERNAL FOR 256K UNIT PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE A D eener SP 2 C Pross any key to display the second screen HOW TO USE THE CTRL KEY WITH THE LEFT SHIFT KEY TO ALTER THE SYSTEM PROT LEE TRE LEF URL LEE KE SHIFT T TO TEACH HOW TO SETUP AND USE THE COMPUTER MP SHIFT and TO INCREASE AND DECREASE KEYBOARD AUDIO FEEDBACK FPT SHIFT TO SWAP DRIVE A TO DRIVE B AND BACK AGAIN SER LEFT SHIFT TO CHANGE THE LCD COLOR PALETTE ON THE SCREEN I I TRE LEFT SHIFT TO INVERT THE BLACK WHITE ON THE LCD TRE LEFT SHIFT TO TOGGLE BETWEEN UNDERLINE AND BLOCK CURSORS L t L L L CTRL LEFT SHIFT TO SEE THE WORLD CLOCK L L L L TRI LEFT SHIFT TO ACTIVATE THE REMOTE TERMINAL MODE TRL LEFT SHIFT 4 y TO INCREASE PRESET OR DECREASE SCREEN CONTRAST URL LEFT SHIFT 9 6 3 IN THE KEYPAD FOR BACKLIGHT UP MIDDLE
24. DOWN TRL LEFT SHIFT O TO TOGGLF BACKLIGHT ON OFF TRL LEFT SHIFT M TO SELECT THE LCD OR EXTERNAL MONITOR DISPLAY CTRL LEFT SHIFT B TO CHECK THE BATTERY LEVEL PRESS ANY KEY TO RETURN This screen provides T a summary of all the customizing features discussed ir the previous section S a diagram of all the switches and a list of what each switch does You can see this screen whenever you want even if you are usin application software When you are through using the help screen press ENTER Caution The switch settings shown on this screen are FACTORY SETTINGS They may not match the actual settings of your Switches To see the actual settings remove the cover from th modem compartment and look at the switches Your actual setting will be displayed d H 4 L B Switches There are three switch blocks each containing eight slider switches located in the modem compartment on the left side of the computer Remove the cover to see the switches These switches are set at the factory and won t need to be changed if you re just starting to use your PHC 16 After you become familiar with your PHC 16 and want to tailor it to your needs or to add options you may want to change some settings To change a switch use a pencil ballpoint pen bent paper clip or other pointed object Always move the switch gently sliding it up for ON or down for OFF The rest of this section shows the factory set
25. DY rer a RA ES BARR oe eee 4 9 Using the RAM DELIVER AS 4 12 Using BAGG iia E AA A A AIR 4 13 Chapter 5 Problem Solving Check These Things First 9 a aaa eee ee eee Yew a as 5 1l Memory Test aa pa a ee ds dn il AAA A Se Ser BA RS B 2 Chapter 6 Options Add On Physical Diskette Drive e incor dns 6 1 MOE Laa EA e AAA RR EN Se da IR 6 2 Expansion Unit AAA A DI EE 6 3 Expanding Memory daa ra a RE T a S 6 3 Color OF Composite MORI COE ss saes reae a sia de bs ara 6 5 Carrying Case na EA RATA E 6 3 Car Adaptor src sI SIA ARSS 6 6 Keyboard Cable so er NEE ER ape KK RRR a er 6 7 High Performance Components iii a wees 6 7 Appendices Technical Information Pe ee eee ee ee e A 1 Parallel Port Pin Chart tds RA a A 9 Serial Port Pin CADENA A AAA SS 0 e A 9 REBT Pin Chart cecs ana hake bits AA RD ee KES A 10 Composite Pin Chart 2 cee ee eee eee eee eee noo A 10 Modem Bus Port Chart o oo oooooooomo nooooono oo A 10 External Bus Port Chart ito a BS OS it e A 11 ASCII Chart nina A A EE E EE A 12 WARRANTY Co Fl As Getty n ES J T E Es i A Unpacking You probably have already unpacked your PHC 16 computer box but check this list of items you should have found there The PHC 16 Computer The AC Power Pack Four AA batteries for the keyboard Remember to save your box and the packing material to use if you ever need to ship your PHC 16 WARNING Transporting the PHC 16 wit
26. K OF RAM DISK MEMORY REPRESENTS 8K OF EXTENDED MEMORY A REPRESENTS 8K OF RESERVED MEMORY MAIN MEMORY 448K 64K MIN RAM DISK MEMORY OK 260K MAX EXTENDED MEMORY OK 640K MAX RESERVED MEMORY 24k 24K MAX 1K 1024 BYTES DATE 10 02 1965 TIME 12 41 52 BATTERY LEVEL 100 2 If this message does not appear x Check the setting of switch Sw2 1 EE it is ON this screen displays for only a few seconds N Sit down in front of your computer and adjust the tilt of the screen k Press the CTRL Left Shift and S keys at the same time to adjust the LCD palette and alter the intensity of different parts of the display Choose the one that is best X Press the CTRL Left Shift and Up Arrow keys at the same time to increase the contrast on the screen Press the CTRL Left Shift and Down Arrow keys at the same time to decrease the contrast on the screen 1 14 EE A TRE r ne Eege PR x Review the steps outlined above to make sure you did everything right X Be sure the computer is plugged in ni If you are still having trouble turn to Chapter 5 Problem Solving for more things to check l The PHC 16 Memory Screen The screen you see when you first turn on your computer allows you to allocate a portion of RAM up to 360K to the RAM drive This procedure is called partitioning memory If you are using PHC 16 for the first time you do not have to partition memory right now You can skip the rest of this
27. S ASCII value 032 033 034 035 036 037 038 039 040 041 042 043 044 045 047 051 ASCII Chart Character space 1 RE N oman OO Qn Aa WN O zl V NO 2 ASCII value 064 065 066 067 068 069 070 071 072 073 074 075 076 077 078 079 080 081 082 083 084 085 086 087 088 089 090 091 092 093 094 095 Character DHA ON LS E AID ODO AE ARAS O Nm E E ERT Sm ASCII value 096 097 098 099 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 Character T D mo Oo CB lt x gt o gt 10 EE 3 re ASCII Chart NO 3 ASCII Chart NO A ASCII ASCII ASCII ASCII value Character value Character value Character value Character 128 160 192 L 224 a 129 161 193 aL 225 B 130 162 194 T 226 l 131 163 195 L 227 Y 132 a 164 196 ge 228 2 133 3 165 N 107 229 y 134 3 166 a 198 L 230 p 135 167 o 199 lt 231 T 136 e 168 c 200 t 232 137 169 201 r 233 e 138 170 T 202 at 234 0 139 1 171 Y 203 e 235 0 140 i 172 Y 204 r 236 00 141 i 173 i 205 237 142 A 174 206 nC 238 L 143 A 175 207 ots 239 N 144 176 208 a 240 145 177 Ge 209 241 1 146 A 178 T 210 a 242 gt 147 o 179 211 u 243 lt 148 9 180 212 L 704 149 181 213 F 245 J 150 V 182 Al 214 m 246 5 151 U 183 n 215 247 152 y 184 a 216 4 2
28. Standard It can communicate at either 300 or 1200 baud It features auto dial auto answer and re dial It accepts Hayes type commands and is bundled with the communications software Crosstalk XVI The PHC 16 built in modem is easy to use Install it in the modem compartment on the left side of your computer just below the memory slot It adds little weight to the PHC 16 C Expansion Unit The optional expansion unit allows you to use up to three IBM PC compatible expansion boards and can be purchased with or without a 10 megabyte hard drive If you use the expansion unit to run a monitor be sure to turn Switch SW2 4 ON If you use the expansion unit to add memory be sure to turn switch SW3 7 or SW3 8 or born OFF Caution When the I O box is used to supply power to the PHC 16 make sure the power adaptor has been disconnected Failure to do so is dangerous and may cause damage to the power adaptor If the adaptor is dameged bue to this negligence the maker is not responsible for replacement even if the damage occurs during the warranty period D Expanding ilemory PHC 16 comes with 256K bytes of memory already installed but this can be expanded to 1280K You can buy your PHC 16 with an additional 768K or 1024K If you buy additional memory it will be located on an expansion memory board in the memory compartment on the left side of the PHC 16 If you buy the full 1024K expansion for a fully loaded PHC 16 of
29. TO SCREEN 1200 1 8 BITS COM2 YES YES PRESS OR gt TO CHOOSE PARAMETERS FOR SETTING PRESS THE SPACEBAR TO CHANGE THE PARAMETERS PRESS THE RETURN KEY TO START COMMUNICATIONS PRESS THE P KEY TO TOGGLE COPY TO THE PRINTER ON OFF PRESS THE Fl KEY TO EXIT THIS PROGRAM AND NOT HANG UP PRESS THE F2 KEY TO EXIT THIS PROGRAM AND HANG UP PRESS THE F10 KEY TO SEND A BREAK CODE COMMONLY USED VALUES ARE PARITY STOP WORD SERTAL LF CR FOR COPY OUTPUT BIT S LENGTH PORT RECEIVED DATA TO SCREEN NONE 1 8 BITS COM2 YES YES Press the Pight or Left Arrow keys to choose the parameter you want to change Prens tho Spacebar to cycle through the options available for each HT H TL fs 4 7 E E S A Ei EI E H X OPTION VALUES Baud Rate 110 CHAPTERS ON O Zare Toa meg With PRAt 30 NO O O O m m em e m em mre e rn tm me Press P at any time to send copy to the printer or not to Press ENTER to start communications To exit the Remote Terminal press F2 to exit and hang up or Fl to exit and not hang up Press F10 to send a break code The option you choose for each parameter is stored in the computer for you and remains the same until you change it 2 10 PHC 16 is a good traveling companion With the optional battery power pack installed it weighs only 14 pounds and is small enough to take almost anywhere In addition the optional built in modem see Chapter 6 Options let
30. USER S MANUAL PHC 16 GUIDE TO OPERATIONS Copyright 1985 KOHJINSHA Corporation All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or translated into any language without prior written permission of KOHJINSHA Corporation MS is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation IBM is a trademark of International Business Machines Corporation 1 2 3 is a trademark of Lotus Development Corporation WordStar is a registered trademark of Micropro International Corporation WARNING THIS EQUIPMENT HAS BEEN CERTIFIED TO COMPLY WITH THE LIMITS FOR A CLASS B COMPUTING DEVICE PURSUANT TO SUBPART J OF PART 15 OF FCC RULES ONLY PERIPHERALS COMPUTER INPUT OUTPUT DEVICES CERTIFIED TO COMPLY WITH THE CLASS B LIMITS MAY BE ATTACHED TO THIS COMPUTER OPERATION WITH NON CERTIFIED PERIPHERALS IS LIKELY TO RESULT IN INTERFERENCE TO RADIO AND TV RECEPTION This equipment generates and uses radio frequency and if not installed and used properly that is in strict accordance with the manufacturer s instruction may cause interference to radio and television reception It has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance with the specification in Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation However there 1S no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular instal
31. a is read as FFH 2 ROM 3 RAM You can put programs into a 27128 or 27256 ROM and have these Memory can be increased from 256K standard to 1280K 1 25 programs always present for use megabytes in 256K increments When the BIOS is booting it checks from C8000H to F7FFFH at 2K The maximum system RAM is 640K Sections of this can be enabled Increments C8000H C8800H looking for AA55H This is the internally or externally to allow the use of memory cards or data code that tells the system that a program is present in ROM t other devices in the expansion interface box The third byte is the number of 512 byte blocks contained in the routine Checksums are not calculated The system then does a For the 768K configuration the 128K portion that exceeds the far call to the fourth byte on that boundary for example 640K limit can be used as a RAM drive This 128K resides in the C8003H This allows the ROM code to do its own initialization 64K area from E0000H to EFFFFH This is done by bank switching in 1f needed or to take over the system and run its own software 64K blocks of RAM This allows some interesting possibilities Word processors communications software dedicated industrial controllers etc can be implemented without the need for disk based software For a 1024K 1 megabyte configuration the system memory is 640K and 360K of the 384K over that can be used as a RAM drive The remaining 24K can be used by the
32. ace This key will erase what you have typed one character at a time by moving the cursor left over what you typed ESC When you make an error while typing a response press ESCape to cancel the line and start over DOS will display a on the canceled line and go to a new line for your response CTRL and Use these keys to stop the screen from NUM LOCK scrolling the file when using the TYPE command Right Shift and Press these keys at the same time to PRT SC print whatever text is displaying on the screen Your printer must be connected to your PHC 16 turned on and on line This DOS function will work with many application software programs too CTRL and BREAK Press these keys at the same time to end the current operation and return you to the A gt C Summary of DOS Commands Var lier in this chapter you learned that DOS is a data manager DOS organizes data into files You name the file ana DOS assigns storage space in memory or on a diskette DOS organizes your data in a way similar to the way you would organize data in a filing cabinet Each drawer contains file folders that contain your data sometimes a page or two and sometimes many pages You organize the folders in some logical way and label each file folder and file drawer so you can find your data easily DOS puts your data into computer files and stores them in a logical fashion either in memory or on a diskette DOS maintains a directory on each so it can
33. an switch back and forth between the monitor and the PHC 16 LCD by pressing the CTRL Left Shift and M keys at the same time F Carrying Case A Carrying case designed specifically for the PHC 16 is available in a sturdy canvas like cloth The carrying case features an outside pocket for storing extra batteries the PHC 16 Guide to Operations or other supplies G Car Adapter This option is the same design as the AC power pack that comes standard with the PHC 16 But instead of plugging into an electrical outlet it plugs into an automobile cigarette lighter H Keyboard Cable An optional keyboard cable is available for use with the PHC 16 The available cable is coiled and can be extended up to ten feet I High Performance Components You can add these components to greatly increase the performance of your PHC 16 All are installed on the system board by removing the case and plugging them into the appropriate socket See the Appendix Technical Information for more details 1 8087 Coprocessor Adding an 8087 coprocessor can greatly increase the processing speed of your PHC 16 The most significant increase will come when performing complicated mathematical calculations Be sure to turn switch SWl 4 OFF 2 ROM You can add a pre programmed 16K or 32K ROM chip The PHC 16 will read this ROM on startup Although programming ROM is a complicated process and must be performed by experts this gives you the ca
34. and has several handy options DIR d filename ext w Typing DIR alone lists all the file names on the diskette or on the RAM drive in a single column d specifies a drive other than the default drive filename ext allows you to display specific file names or by using a wildcard specific groups of file names For example DIR BAS would list all file names with an extension of BAS and DIR JAN would list all file names starting with JAN W lists all file names in five columns across the screen This lets you display a large directory on a single screen DISKCOPY and COPY These commands copy files from one location to another With a PHC 16 with one physical drive you can copy from a diskette to a diskette from a diskette to the RAM drive or from the RAM drive to a diskette Copying is one of the most frequently performed tasks you will do with DOS Backing up your data and your application programs 1s critical Your data is always subject to accidental loss and diskettes may be damaged and eventually will wear out Copying files also allows you to keep one copy of a data file as a master file and use another copy as a work file And copying allows you to organize files on diskettes to meet your own individual needs DISKCOPY copies the contents of one diskette or the RAM drive to another diskette exactly as they are on the first Since DISKCOPY formats as it copies it erases all data on the disk
35. creen When you press the key marked NUM LOCK the numeric keypad is ON This means that the number keys in the upper right corner of your keyboard become a numeric keypad Similar to the keys on a calculator Press the NUM LOCK key again to turn the numeric keypad OFF The ENTER Key The large key on the right side of your keyboard is used when you have finished typing a command After you press ENTER the computer starts processing the command you just typed The ENTER key also works like a Carriage return on a typewriter For this reason it s called the RETURN key on some computers E 5 About Diskettes and the Physical Drive The PHC 16 uses 5 1 4 inch diskettes Diskettes are sometimes called floppy disks PHC 16 uses double sided double density diskettes A permanent protective black jacket holds the diskette And diskettes are stored in paper envelopes that provide additional protection lntormation and software the instructions to the computer are stored on the on diskettes The computer can read the existing data diskette or you can add more data in unused space on the diskette Becat e protect od k Sec 1 important information is stored on diskettes they must Follow these cautions Do not try to remove the permanent black Jacket Do not touch the exposed surface of the diskette see illustration It is important that this surface stay clean A speck of dust or a
36. d plugs We ll talk about each of these in different places in this Guide to Operations But this illustration lets you find your way around PHC 16 and can help as a quick reference later O E ae 3 5 Hard disk Drive Floppy disk Drive Disk Release Button e Masai i cme E E Disk Release Button a I 5 25 3 59 3 5 Floppy disk Drive Floppy disk Drive Ploppy diak Drive L Display Screen D sk Release Button AAA AC Adaptor Plug AC Adaptor Plug Disk Release Button E Reset Button 0 _ __ _ Reset Button Reset Button EE XT Type 3 5 5 25 Type rra l Screen Release Latch Battery Level Indicator Memory Slot Memory Slot Infrared Receiver Optional Keyboard Cable Plug Modem Slot Modem Slot AC Socket Power Pack Slot Use stated Power Pack i voltage only Release Button Separate Keypad Return Control Keys Add On Floppy Bus ee ee Fee ee zg T a Ze T External Bus Power Switch Composite Connector Printer Connector RGBI Connector Serial Connector D For the First Time User If PHC 16 is the first microcomputer you have used this section introduces you to a few basics We don t want to bore you with the history of computers or bury you with technical compu
37. ddress you want to read from or write to into the DX register Write Set the data you want to write into the AL or AX register Do a far call to the desired routine Read Do a far call to the desired routine The data read is returned in the AL or AX register FOO0O FF60 READ BYTE AL HAS THE BYTE READ FOOO FF64 WRITE BYTE AL HAS THE BYTE TO WRITE FO00 FF68 READ WORD AX HAS THE WORD READ FOOO FF6C WRITE WORD AX HAS THE WORD TO WRITE The backup battery may run down if the computer is not used for 45 days or more NICAD type If this happens it may be necessary to set switch 2 3 ON to force the computer to boot up using the LCD display when no RGB is attached 5 DIP Switches See Chapter 2 Customizing Your PHC 16 for the location and use of the dip switches This section provides technical information about the switches Switch 1 is read through an 8255 chip having ports 60H 61H 62H and 63H Port 60H is used as a read only port Port 61H is used as a control port and can be written to or read from Port 62H is used as a read only port Port 63H is the 8255 chip control port and is used to set up ports 60H 62H The relationship between ports 60H 61H 62H the SwWl 1 to SW1 8 settings and the data that is read at ports 60H and 62H are as follows PORT 60H PORT 61H D7 0 PORT 61H D7 1 DATA BIT DO KEYBOARD DO l D1 KEYBOARD Dl Sw1l 4 D2 KEYBOARD D2 1 D3 KEYBOARD D3 1 D4 KEYBOARD D4 SW1 5
38. e Expansion Unit Cursor A flashing bar or block that moves around on the screen and shows you where to enter information Default A value option or disk drive that is assumed by the computer when none is specified Disk See Diskette or Hard Drive Disk Drive See Physical Drive or Hard Drive Diskette A circular sheet of flexible plastic treated to store electomagnetic charges and used by a computer to permanently store data Ihe PHC 16 uses double sided double density 5 1 4 inch diskettes which hold 360K of data Diskette Drive See Physical Drive DOS see MS DOS Expansion Board A board containing circuits and electronic components which expand the features of a computer Expansion boards can be installed in PHC 16 optional expansion unit The most common expansion boards add memory Or produce graphics See Expansion Unit Expansion Slot See Expansion Unit Expansion Unit PHC 16 optional chassis which plugs into the expansion bus on the back of the PHC 16 and which has expansion slots for adding IBM PC compatible expansion boards Fixed Disk See Hard Drive Floppy Disk See Diskette Function Keys Keys on the keyboard that allow the computer to perform specific tasks and functions such as moving the cursor or deleting characters Hardware The computer system itself made up of the CPU the physical drive keyboard and screen Hard Disk See Hard Drive Hard Drive A mechanical
39. e your PHC 16 you must load DOS into internal memory Remove the DOS diskette from your DOS manual and insert it in the physical drive with the notch up and the label facing backward Notice that the DOS diskette has no write protect notch This keeps it from being written over and destroyed Slide the diskette into the disk drive until it clicks Then press the little square button until it clicks Release Button e Diskette Turn the power on and DOS will load into internal memory This is called starting the computer It is also called booting Starting with the computer turned off is called a cold boot Pressing the reset button performs a cold boot without having to turn the on off switeh OFF and ON again D ring a old boot arl data in RAM which includes working storage and the RAM drive is lost You may at any time restart with the computer running by pressing CTRL ALT and DEL simultaneously This is called a warm boot Caution restart only when necessary because you will loose any data in working storage you will not however loose any data in the RAM drive After a few seconds DOS loads and displays the date and time DOS takes these from the PHC 16 internal clock If you want to change the date and time change them through the World Clock or using the Clock Tests option from the Diagnostics diskette You can t change them in DOS DOS displays this prompt A gt This is called the A prompt It mean
40. easily retrieve your data Every file must have a name On a diskette or in memory no two files can have the same name Two files may have the same name however if they are on different diskettes or on one diskette and in memory In your file cabinet for example two files called miscellaneous would be OK if one were in the drawer for household expenses and another was in the drawer for business expenses If they were in the same drawer however you couldn t tel them apart The name you give to a file in DOS must follow this format XXXXXXXX Y Y Y where xxxxxxxx is the filename from 1 8 characters and Y Y Y is the extension from 1 3 characters The filename and extension may consist of o the letters of the alphabet o the numbers 0 through 9 o these special characters amp 3 The filename and extension may not contain blanks and must be separated by a period For example NEW MEMO DOC is valid while NEW MEMO DOC is not l DOS Commands Although your DOS manual discusses the DOS commands in detail here are some of the common commands that you 1l use often FORMAT sets up a diskette so it is ready to receive files DIR list all the tides on a diskette or on the RAM disk DISKCOPY and COPY copy a file or files from one location to another ERASE erases a file or files from a diskette or the RAM disk TYPE displays the contents of a file on your screen The following pages briefly desc
41. eing used used external must be available m vn a vn vn a vn e vm ve veer a ee ee A A vm AA A mmm mmm re mem mes mm e rm em mm e ms es ez e me vm vn wn vum e m vm m open re wn op emm gn vm mmm mmm mmm vm mm mem mm mm mmm mm sm e ee es a ee ese 5 ON OFF ON OFF 6 ON ON OFF OFF SWITCH ON OF F 7 First optional bank of internal RAM is being used 8 Second optional bank of internal RAM is being used Not available at this time Cy Audio Feedback Audio feedback is a beep that sounds whenever you press a key You can vary the volume of the beep froma clearly audible sound to none at all To adjust the audio feedback follow these steps Ea Press the CTRL Left Shift and Plus Sign keys at the same time and hold them down 2 You can hear a beep sound that increases in volume as you hold the three keys down See Release all three keys and press any of the keys on your keyboard The beep you hear is called the audio feedback If you decide you don t like this feedback you can decrease the sound again 2 5 4 To decrease or eliminate the audio feedback repeat the steps above except press the key marked with a minus Sign instead of the plus sign In other words press the CTRL Left Shift and the minus keys at the same time The beep decreases Release the keys when the feedback reaches the volume you want EES Y E To Increase Beep To Decrease Beep This audio feedback adjustment works any time you
42. ely cover the gold colored prongs Sometimes you have to press hard iS Is the screen adjusted so you can see the memory partition screen T Is the palette being used visible Press the CTRL Left Shift and S keys at the same time to cycle through the palettes and choose the best one Is the PHC 16 in the external monitor mode Press the CTRL Left Shift and M keys at the same time to turn the external monitor mode on or off If your PHC 16 has been operating and suddenly stops check these things first S Is the keyboard infrared beam still pointed directly at the computer T If you are using a battery power pack has the battery run down The light on your computer just under the screen comes on to warn you that the battery is low x If the red light on the keyboard does not come on when you press a key the keyboard batteries need to be replaced Follow the instructions and diagrams in Chapter 1 for installing batteries Sometimes application software will lock up Press CTRL and BREAK keys at the same time This should return you to the A gt prompt If this doesn t work restart by pressing the CTRL ALT and DEL keys at the same time Make sure you have a DOS diskette or self starting application diskette in the physical drive before you restart This erases everything in working storage but keeps all data on the RAM drive Return to your application and continue If this doesn t work either press
43. ence stores Always replace all four batteries at the same time An optional keyboard cable is available to physically connect the keyboard to the computer if you wish to do so This cable is coiled and can be extended to ten feet You still need working batteries to power the keyboard the cable replaces the infrared beam lips for better computing with your infrared light beam ai Don t let anything block the beam when you are using the keys x Don t turn the keyboard at too great an angle The infrared beam will not make proper contact with the PHC 16 Sometimes a key may appear to be stuck This is rare and happens if the computer senses when the key is pressed but not when it is released This is not a mechanical error but may occur because of some interference between the keyboard and the computer If this happens reposition the keyboard and press the key that seems stuck again 2 The Screen Find the screen release latch and PRESS IT IN lightly You can feel it release Now pull the screen out until it s in the best position for you Press the screen release latch and adjust the angle of the screen Screen Release Latch Caution Make sure the screen panel is not forced up beyond it s limit Also never lift or move the computer by grasping the screen panel C A Quick Tour of PHC 16 Now that your PHC 16 is set up let s take a quick look at all XT Type S25 Type 5 25 Type the external switches an
44. ery time you press thi combination the back light will switch from being on to being off being on again Fag A 3 Inverse Video Press the CTRL Left Shift and I keys at the same time to switch dark and light on your Screen This is called inverse video Press these same keys again to switch it back Q 4 Cursor Shape Press the CTRL Left Shift and C keys at the same time to change tne cursor from a blinking line to a blinking block Press these keys again to change the cursor back to a line CR K World Clock The World Clock lets you select and display besides Greenwich Mean Time GMT any 23 cities or locations in the world with their current date and 24 hour time 2 7 You choose and set your home time zone date and time and define all locations as a plus or minus difference from GMT Choose locations which are meaningful for you such as places you do business or where friends or relatives live You must make any adjustments for Daylight Savings time changes The year 1S given as four digits to allow for use into the 2lst century Pross the CTRL Left Shift and W keys at the same time to display the world clock screen For example GMT DATE 1 01 1986 TIME 1 00 00 LONDON DATE 1 01 1986 TIME 1 00 00 PARIS DATE 1 01 1986 TIME 2 00 00 CAIRO DATE 1 01 1986 TIME 3 00 00 MOSCOW DATE 1 01 1986 TIME 4 00 00 MAURITIUS DATE 1 01 1986 TIME 5 00 00 KARACHI DATE 1 01 1986 TIME 6 00 00 BOM
45. ette or RAM drive you are copying to Be careful Use DISKCOPY to backup your data files at the end of each work session When copying to the RAM Drive you must have allocated a full 360K to the RAM drive for DISKCOPY to work properly Use the format DISKCOPY d d d Ld The first d is the drive you are copying from or the source drive The second d is the drive you are copying to or the target drive If you are using Drive A for both omit these options COPY copies one file or using wildcards a series of files from one diskette to another Although there are many options that can be used with COPY the most commonly used format is COPY d filename ext d d is the drive you are copying from Omit it if you are copying from the default drive filename ext is the name of the file you are copying You may name a specific file to be copied such as MEMO DOC You may select a series of files to be copied such as BAS all files with the extension of BAS Or you may copy all files by using as the filename and extension is the drive you are copying to or the target drive Using the COPY command can get complicated and confusing If you have any doubts about what you want to do see your DOS manual before you try it ERASE or DEL removes files from your disk The format is ERASE d filenamel ext d filenamel is the drive where the file you want to erase is located
46. formatted With a one drive system this will always be A the RAM drive is formatted automatically Leave this option out if you are working from the A gt S This option will copy the system files the files DOS uses to start your PHC 16 onto the formatted diskette This is very helpful when you are using application software like a word processor If you copy the application programs onto a diskette formatted with the system files the diskette becomes self starting This means that you don t have to start with the DOS diskette and then take the DOS diskette out and put the application diskette in because everything you need will be on the same diskette 8 or B If you don t use these options DOS will format the diskette with 9 sectors or 360K total capacity However if you tried to use these disks with DOS 1 0 or 1 1 these earlier versions of DOS couldn t read the diskette Using 8 or B tells DOS to format the diskette with only 8 sectors This limits storage capacity to 320K but allows the diskette to be read by any version of DOS N This option allows you to enter an ll character volume name for the diskotte providing you format the diskette for 9 sectors For example entering at the A gt FORMAT S B will format a diskette with eight sectors and will contain the system files DIR The DIR or directory command displays the names of all the files stored on a diskette or on the RAM drive The DIR comm
47. hout the cardboard insert or a scratch diskette installed in the physical diskette drive and the release button pushed in may invalidate the physical diskette drive warranty B Setting Up 1 The Keyboard To release the keyboard find the keyboard release latch and press down The keyboard is completely detachable Remove it and place it in front of your PHC 16 Press down on the keyboard Keyboard Release Latch release latch to detach the keyboard The keyboard has two elevation feet on the back Pull them out if you want your keyboard tilted slightly PHC 16 keyboard is not attached to the rest of the computer The keyboard sends signals to the computer by infrared light beam The illustration below shows how this infrared light works Keep the keyboard in front of your computer and don t let anything obstruct the light beam The keyboard is powered by four standard AA batteries The battery compartment is located in the upper left corner of the keyboard Find the small cover just above the gray function keys and slide it off Install the batteries included in your PHC 16 box following the diagram on the inside of the battery compartment Replace the cover Press any key and the red light on the keyboard should come on If it doesn t come on now or at any time you use your PHC 16 the batteries are dead and must be replaced We recommend standard AA batteries available at most conveni
48. itations All warranties for this product expressed or implied including merchantability and fitness for a purpose are limited to 180 days duration from date of purchase and no warranties oxpressed or impliec will apply after that period If this product does not perform as warranted herein owner s sole remedy shall be repair or replacement as provided above In no event will Kohjinsha Co Ltd be liable to any purchaser for damages lost revenue lost wages lost savings or any other incidental or consequential damages arising from purchase use or inability to use this product even if PHC 16 has been advised of the possibility of such damages
49. ith the IBM PC can also be used with the PHC 16 A Add On Physical Diskette Drive PHC 16 has an optional second 360K byte physical drive that attaches directly to the back of PHC 16 With the add on drive your system becomes a two physical drive system Attach the second disk drive like this Don t forget to change switch SW2 6 to ON SE T a H oe d RS S 7 A 1 SE 4 ka E Connector Plate Ong Disk Onve l How it Works To attach the add on physical drive follow these steps l Attach the connector plate to the back of the PHC 16 by putting the hooks on the plate into the slots on the back of the PHC 16 case SE Attach the add on physical drive to the plate with the knobs on the plate and the slots on the back of the add on 1 Take the connector that is attached to the add on physical drive and insert it into the expansion port on the back of the PHC 16 4 Change these switch settings Switch SWl 7 must be OFF Switch SWl 8 must be ON Switch SW3 3 must be OFF Now when you use any software the add on physical drive can be used and identified as the C drive For example if you put a word processing program in the A drive you could put another diskette in the add on physical drive and instruct PHC 16 to create your text files on the diskette in the add on physical drive Identify the add on as the C drive B Modem PHC 16 offers an optional internal modem that is Bell 212A
50. kette in the physical drive To display the help screen showing switch settings and keyboard options press the CTRL Left Shift and T for Teach keys at the same time CAUTION BE SURE TO ALLOCATE ALL 360K TO THE RAM DRIVE BEFORE USING THE DISKCOPY COMMAND Although it appears that DOS has copied the entire 360K disk it has not and may result in missing data or produce unpredictable results Table of Contents Fast Start Chapter l Getting Started Unpacking a a o SS a e oes l 1 Setting Up iria SE NS IA AS l 2 A DG T ur of PHC 16 gt baaa a IRR wears l 4 FOr the First Time US 486454644845 Sow AA l 6 Turning the Power ON and OFF oooooooooooooo l 12 Start UD aria pro Di A A ADA A l 13 Chapter 2 Customizing Your PHC 16 Help When You Need It o ooooooonooooooooonooo os 2 1 SWIG HES e A e A SR il Ee LN Audio Feedback seresa d e m e TA ta AS wie 2 9 Screen Adjustments netas sse cress erat Nee RRR SSS 2 6 Worda CLOG Malos e AA A A SAA AR 2 7 Using PHC 16 as a Remote Dumb Terminal 2 9 Chapter 3 Traveling With PHC 16 Case Ving CaSe ais api ARANA RAR a 3 1l The Battery Pack aa RARA ARA aa qe A Battery Indicator ias A AAA A Traveling Hints and Suggestions 4 ema Ss Ses 323 Chapter 4 Operations Saree DOS REE GS aise eee ere eet eats eh e ena eer arn eS 4 1 About the DOS Keyboard a aa o eked A ARA A e 4 2 Summary of DOS COMMAS 2 lt lt lt a ee Sd a 4 3 Making a Backup CO
51. lation If this equipment does cause interference to radio and or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures ci Reorient the receiving antenna E Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver x Move the computer away from the receiver x Plug the computer into a different outlet so that the computer and receiver are on different Branch O EEE ES a If necessary the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio television technician for additional suggestions The user may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful How to Identify and Resolve Radio TV Interference Problems Printers should be attached with approved FCC shielded cable to maintain FCC compliance Welcome to PHC 16 the world s first truly personal computer PHC 16 is a full featured IBM compatible business computer It comes with 256K of memory expandable to 1280K A 5 1 4 inch physical diskette drive and 3 5 inch physical diskette drive plus a unique internal electronic RAM drive with up to 360K memory i Optional add on physical diskette drive A Full 80 column 25 line LCD screen RS 232 serial and parallel printer connections RGB and composite ports for optional monitors Optional built in modem N Optional add on expansion unit Read
52. lling a 2K memory chip 24 pins in the CMOS RAM socket 28 pins be sure that the end that is not notched is even with the end of the socket Lower RAM locations 1K are used by the system to store setup parameters This allows the system to power up in the same mode as when it powered down RAM locations 0400H to O7FFH are free for the programmer 2K standard RAM locations 0400H to 3FFFH are free for the programmer when the optional 8K is installed This memory is addressed through I O port addresses 27BH 37FH and 370H 377H The procedure is to first set address lines All Al2 via the port 27BH The data on the LSB Dl DO lines are latched DO gt All D1 gt A12 Then set address lines A3 to Al0 through port 37FH DO gt A3 D7 gt A10 8 bytes of data can now be read written directly from to the CMOS RAM by reading writing any of ports 370H to 377H Example Write the number 55 to location 37 in the RAM 37 DECIMAL 25 HEX 100101 This corresponds to putting the following pattern on the address bus Al2 All ALO A9 A8 A7 A6 A5 A4 AZ A2 Al AO 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 l U l MOV DX 27BH MOV AL O OUT DX AL SET A12 AIl MOV DX 37FH MOV AL 00000100B OUT DX AL SET ALO TO Ai MOV DX 375H A2 Al AO PATTERN IS 101B 5 MOV AL 55 370H 5 375H OUT DX AL To make it easier there are two routines in the system BIOS ROM that when called will do a read write to the CMOS RAM area How to use Set the a
53. nto an electrical outlet While the battery pack is in the computer charge it this way Charge Clip AC Power Pack When the battery power pack is not in the PHC 16 follow these steps to recharge the battery d Put the clip on the battery and plug the other end of the clip into the AC power pack SCH Plug the AC Power Pack into an electrical outlet While the battery pack is out of Charger Clip the computer charge it this way Battery Power Pack AC Power Pack Sa ee e Z It takes about three hours to recharge the battery pack If you are recharging the battery while it s in the PHC I6 you can charge to only 85 of capacity It is best to let the battery discharge to 10 15 of power capacity frequently before recharging C Battery Indicator Immediately under the LCD screen is a small red indicator light The light begins to blink when the battery is low Press the CTRL Left Shift and B keys at the same time to see the percentage of power capacity remaining There are two ways to keep your data safe as power declines Plug the AC adapter or auto adapter into a power source and the charge clip into the side of the computer Operate in this manner or exchange the discharged battery for a fully charged battery and disconnect the adapter OR Save your data turn the computer off and insert a new battery D Traveling Hints and Suggestions L When traveling with PHC 16 or m
54. oard PAR Install batteries in the keyboard Press any key and make sure the light in the upper right corner comes on The keyboard is wireless but needs a clear path between the keyboard and computer 3 Insert the AC adapter into the computer Turn the AC adapter switch on 4 Press the screen release latch and adjust the screen angle SS Insert the DOS diskette from the DOS manual or any bootable diskette into the PHC 16s physical diskette drive MAKE SURE THE LABEL ON THE DISKETTE FACES TOWARD THE REAR OF THE COMPUTER AND THE NOTCH 15 UP Push the diskette into the slot until it clicks Press in the button labeled PUSH at the top of the drive until it clicks 6 Turn ON the PHC 16 power switch at the back and lower right of the computer Press in the left side of the switch so the red line on the right side of the switch is showing SH Depending on the internal switch settings the PHC 16 either i Automatically sets up a RAM drive as Drive B and installs DOS or Displays a screen that lets you set up a RAM drive Follow the instructions on the screen You are now up and running USING THE RAM DRIVE FOR A TWO DRIVE SYSTEM The RAM drive enables the PHC 16 to work like a two drive system Since the RAM drive is much faster than the physical diskette drive we recommend that you load your application software program diskette onto the RAM drive and use the physical drive for your data Since the default drive is
55. oning memory make sure your DOS diskette or any bootable application software diskette is in the physical drive and press ENTER DOS loads responds with copyright information and the date and time and displays the A gt prompt Remove the DOS diskette insert your favorite software and begin HA AA A AA AA A e e Ee e A E re PA A A A A A AA A m ee ee r me PHC 16 lets you tailor your computer to your own needs through switches also called DIP switches and features used by pressing the CTRL key the Left Shift key and another key all at the same time Switches are also used to tell PHC 16 what optional equipment you have installed This chapter explains the switch settings and the customizing features available A Help When You Need It PHC 16 offers a unique help teach screen that gives a summary of all the customizing features and a diagram of the factory switch settings To see this help screen press the CTRL Left Shift and T for Teach keys at the same time The following screen appears SH OFF OFF ON Sos WI ON Jasex RAM orr 512K RAM ON Jens RAM OR MORE A ER ON ON OFF LON D ON NO 8087 COPROCESSOR INSTALLED pa e i ON NO OFF 40x25 ON dota OFF 80x25 ee EE ON J MONITOR ON JCOLOR OFFICOLOR OFFJB W E ON l DISK TEIE DISK ON 73 DISK oji DISK GW 2 ONJ DRIVE ON JDRIVES OFFJDRIVES OFFJDRIVES S ON AUTO BOOT MAXIMUM RAM DISK 360K OR 720K MAX o c ON MAKE RAM DISK ACTIVE 1234596718 ON DO ROM AND RAM CHE
56. oving it always insert the white cardboard protector in the physical drive This protects the physical drive from any damage Or insert a scratch diskette turned 90 degrees When you travel by plane carry PHC 16 with you NEVER CHECK IT IN BAGGAGE CLAIM Don t leave PHC 16 in a parked car for long periods if the temperature is either very hot or very cold The screen display may not work if it has been in extreme temperatures If this happens let the computer return to normal room temperature which might take about an hour before using 1t If you need to ship PHC 16 pack it in the box that 1t came from the factory in if possible Dropping the PHC 16 or hitting it sharply may damage the LCD screen or physical drive alignment Your warranty will not cover abuse CH A PT E WR 4 Operations A Using DOS l What is DOS In Chapter 1 you learned about how data is stored in your PHC 16 From your viewpoint your data is handled quickly and efficiently However keeping track of hundreds of thousands of characters is no easy task The operating system must manage both data and data transfer in the computer Your PHC 16 uses Microsoft Corporation s Disk Operating System which is also called MS DOS or just DOS for short DOS consists of several programs which allow you to manage your data and to run software written for the MS DOS Operating System 2 Inserting the DOS Diskette Before you begin to us
57. pability of making your own programs permanently available on the PHC 16 independent of other storage devices This is called firmware 3 CMOS CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor is RAM powered by a battery to retain the data stored in it PHC 16 comes with 2K of CMOS which is used to store settings for the world clock audio feedback monitor and remote terminal You can add up to 8K to permanently store your own data For example you may want to store a telephone number list for your modem ASCII Acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange the standard set of characters used by your computer and printer This includes letters numbers punctuation and a few special characters such as a carriage return 3ASIC Abbreviation for Beginners All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code BASIC is a popular easy to learn programming language Bit The smallest unit of storage in a computers memory Eight bits equal one byte A bit is an electrical pulse in a microcomputer s chip that represents the one or zero of computer binary language Byte A single character or number see Bit chip A small slice of silicon crystal etched with electrical circuits The chip has allowed computers to become smaller in size while they have increased in storage capacity The two most common types of chips are the microprocessor or the computer s brain and the memory chip Circuit Board Se
58. r only numbers or only letters Be careful to use the right key The Spacebar Find the spacebar on your keyboard The spacebar works like one on a regular typewriter but it also has special functions Blanks are important to a computer and the spacebar is used to enter those blanks The Shift and Caps Lock Keys PHC 16 has two shift keys marked with up arrows and located about where you would find them on a regular typewriter Use dE either shift key to type upper case letters haet or to type the symbols in the upper portion of the number keys Use the Left Shift key with the CTRL key to perform special features The Caps Lock key is located just below the right shift key and works like the shift lock key on a typewriter It lets you type only capital letters until you press it again Unlike a typewriter it only affects letter keys You still have to press the shift key to use the symbols in the upper portion of the number keys To turn off the Caps Lock press the key again The Function Keys Notice the darker gray keys across the top left side of your keyboard These keys take on different functions epending on the software you are using on your computer The Arrow Keys and Numeric Keypad The medium gray keys in the upper right corner of your keyboard serve two functions The four keys marked with arrows are called the Up Down Left and Right Arrow keys and allow you to move the cursor around your s
59. re not in memory and will run only if you have the DOS diskette in the physical drive or have the program file loaded into the RAM drive FORMAT and DISKCOPY are external commands D Making a Backup Copy of DOS Now that you have read about several DOS commands you are ready to use these commands to make a working or backup copy of your DOS DOS you Use o 23 10 LL diskette Follow these steps and besides making a copy of you can practice using the commands and see how DOS prompts to swap diskettes into and out of the physical drive the DISKCOPY command to copy your DOS diskette At the A gt type DISKCOPY DOS prompts you with this message Insert source diskette in drive A Strike any key when ready The DOS diskette is the source diskette Place it in the physical drive if it is not already there Press any key DOS displays this message to let you know it s copying Copying 2 side s 9 sectors per track After a few seconds DOS prompts you again Insert destination diskette in drive A Strike any key when ready Remove the DOS diskette from the physical drive and insert a new diskette in the drive The new diskette is the destination diskette Press any key DOS displays another status message Formatting target while copying Since you are using a new diskette DOS must format it before copying files onto it After a few seconds DOS prompts you again Insert source diskette in dri
60. ribe how to use these commands Options are shown in brackets These options are not required but provide flexibility in using the commands Only the most commonly used options are discussed see your DOS manual for a complete description Although the names of the commands are printed here in caps so they stand out on the page you may type them in either upper or lower case letters Options are shown in brackets to indicate they are not required When you type the command do not enclose the options in brackets Leave a space between the command and options but dont leave spaces between options Finally after you type the command and options be sure to press ENTER When you use a file name with a command you may specify a specific file or you may specify a series of files by substituting a special character for all or a portion of the filename and extension These special characters are called wildcards The most commonly used wildcard is the asterisk You ll see how to use this character in the next few pages FORMAT Before you can use a diskette DOS must divide it into sectors and tracks and set up a directory so it can find the files 1t writes on the diskette The FORMAT command tells DOS to do this The FORMAT command must be in this form FORMAT d Ss 8 v 1 B Everything in brackets is optional but allows you several options in formatting Here s what they mean d Drive designation of the diskette you want
61. rogram that allows the computer and its peripherals to function as a system MS DOS is an operating system Palette A combination of shades of gray on your LCD Six palettes are available on the PHC 16 to compensate for the different ways application software displays on the screen Peripherals Computer components that are not part of the computer itself such as physical drives and printers but that the computer controls Peripherals help the computer process information Physical Drive the mechanical unit that reads writes and stores data on a diskette Port A computer or peripheral device s input output connections Printer A machine that prints output on paper Dot matrix printers form characters numbers or graphics with a collection of dots The characters on letter quality printers resemble typewriter characters Program The computer instructions recorded on disks that make the computer intelligent and able to perform different functions such as accounting and word g processing Programming The process of writing instructions for a computer RAM Drive An electronic drive that reads writes and stores data like a physical drive but is temporary and loses data when power is shut off Data is stored in a portion of RAM and is controlled by software built into the PHC 16 The PHC 16 RAM drive can be from 0 to 360K Random Access Memory RAM A computer s read and write memory
62. rt Pin Chart turned off before the printer garbage may be printed as the printer circuit loses power Turn the printer off first Pin NO 2 Some software continually refreshes the screen during certain D 1 FG frame ground displays The video chip for LCD RGB and composite video oe 2 TKD Transmit Data is built such that it is never necessary to disable video to l Oe u 3 RAD Receive Data refresh the screen Certain software assumes a CRT and 99 4 RST Request to send waits for VSYNC turns off video then updates the data Ce 5 CTS Clear to send When done it enables video again For a CRT the first few Co 6 DSR Data set ready raster scans are not shown and the picture is OK For an Se 7 signal ground LCD all rasters are shown This anda timing differences ef 8 CD carrier detect cause about five raster lines at the top and the middle to ee 16 qe be missing from the LCD ee 20 DTR data terminal ready CN Fa RI ring indicator Ze 9 25 1310 O RGBE Pin Chart Externai Bus Port Pin Chart Pin NO 5 1 1 ground GND l l 2 ground GND Pin NO Pin NO 3 R oe 4 G Se d 1 5V 2 I OCHCK N 5 B Ges 3 D7 4 EXREST i 6 I la 5 D6 6 5V 7 non connect Gr 7 DS 8 TRQ2 8 HSYNC ee 9 D4 10 NC 9 VSYNC SS 11 D3 12 DRQ ina 13 D2 14 15V SN 15 Dl 16 DIR g 17 DO 18 12V Composite Pin Chart E 19 T OCHRDY 20 GND 2 I BAENBRD 22 I BMEMW N Pin NO ae 23 IBA1
63. s you stay in touch with other computers when you are on the road This section gives you a few suggestions and cautions to make traveling with the PHC 16 easy and efficient A Carrying Case When you re on the go with PHC 16 the optional carrying case provides protection for the computer and makes it easier for you LO carry The convenient shoulder strap leaves your hands free Also the carrying case is designed with an outside pocket to carry batteries or other equipment securely B The Battery Pack A battery power pack can be purchased as an option for PHC 16 It 1s installed exactly the same way as the AC power pack Caution Be sure to recharge the battery as soon as the red LED light flashes If the battery discharges totally you will not be able to fully recharge it again To recharge the battery power pack use the charger adapter clip that comes with the battery power pack and the AC power pack that comes standard with PHC 16 The charger adapter clip connects the battery pack to the AC power pack You can fully recharge the battery while in the PHC 16 only when the computer is turned off To recharge the battery pack while it is in the computer follow these steps l Put the battery pack in the PHC 16 exactly the same way as the AC power pack Bs Plug one end of the Charger Clip into the computer on the side to the right of the screen Clip the other end onto the AC power pack 3 Plug the AC power pack i
64. s ENTER This screen appears GW BASIC 2 02 C Copyright Microsoft 1983 1984 XXXXX Bytes free OK 1LIST 2RUN lt 3LOAD 4SAVE 5CONT lt 6 LETL TIRON lt 8TROFF lt OKEY OSCREEN Notice that the DOS A gt prompt no longer appears BASIC has it s own prompt to tell you it s ready for your response The BASIC prompt is OK with the cursor on the line below it Make sure you begin typing at the BASIC prompt hook at the numbers at the bottom of the screen These numbers correspond to the function keys and show the BASIC commands that ate programmed for each function key The only function keys you need to load and run BASIC programs are F2 and F3 RUN and LOAD Remove the BASIC diskette from the physical drive and insert your data diskette containing the BASIC program you want to run Suppose it s a game with the file name FUN BAS Before you can run the program you must load it At the BASIC prompt type LOAD FUN and press ENTER BASIC will load the program and return to the BASIC prompt Or if you want to use the function keys at the BASIC prompt press F3 BASIC will reply with LOAD and the cursor will be after the Type FUN and press ENTER CHAPTERS To run the program type RUN and press ENTER or press F2 BASIC will run your program When you exit your program BASIC returns to the BASIC prompt When you are through using BASIC put the BASIC diskette back in the physical drive Type SYSTEM at the B
65. s from and writes to a 3 5 inch floppy disk With all these features you might expect a desktop full of equipment Instead PHC 16 is as portable as a briefcase It s compact design low weight only 12 pounds and optional battery pack make it an ideal companion for the business person on the go Use it on a plane train boat taxi bus or in your hotel room Take it home for the evening or take it around the world It s always ready Best of all PHC 16 is easy to use Tt uses Microsoft DOS and runs most programs written for the IBM PC Add your favorite application software and you re off and running This manual the PHC 16 Guide to Operations gives you instructions for setting up and operating your PHC 16 If you have never operated a computer before a section for the first time user introduces you to a few helpful basics It is beyond the scope of this manual to tell you everything you may need to know about computers MS DOS BASIC and application programs Since there are many books available for the IBM PC we have tried to give you a quick primer on PC operations while concentrating only on those items that differ from IBM PC operations This section is only for those who have already opened their PHC 16 are experienced using IBM PC or compatible computers and PC or MS DOS and hate to read manuals Follow these few steps to get off to a fast start l Press the keyboard release latch to detach the keyb
66. s that Drive A your physical drive is the drive that DOS will read from or write to This is called the default drive because DOS will work from Drive A unless you tell it otherwise The gt in the prompt means that DOS is waiting for you to enter a command or file name following the gt You may change the default drive from the physical drive to the RAM drive At the A gt type B and press ENTER DOS will then display the B prompt B gt This means that DOS will read from and write to the RAM drive until instructed otherwise You ll learn more about why this is useful later in the chapter under DOS Commands CAUTION Before you continue to work with DOS make a working or backup copy Then if you accidently damage your diskette your DOS master will still be intact See the section Making a Backup Copy of Your DOS Diskette toward the end of this chapter for step by step instructions B About the DOS keyboard Usuallysyou will use the standard keyboard functions for DOS that you learned about in Chapter 1 This includes the keys for letters numbers and special characters DOS doesn t differentiate between upper or lower case letters for commands and file names so you may use either and get the same results Here are some of the special keys you will use with DOS See your DOS manual for a complete list ENTER Press ENTER when you finish typing a line such as a command and want to send it to DOS backsp
67. section and come back to it later when you have a better idea of how you want to use your computer Return to this section when you re ready to set up your RAM drive If you already know how you want to divide up the memory use the right and left arrow keys The plus symbol indicates 8K increments of RAM allocated to the RAM drive To increase RAM drive memory and decrease working storage press the Left Arrow key The plus symbols increase from right to left To decrease RAM drive memory and increase working storage press the Right Arrow key 2 Managing Memory Depending on how you bought your PHC 16 the amount of memory in your computer is one of the following 256K 768K 1280K The first 640K of memory is called main memory Anything over 640K is called extended memory For practical purposes both may be considered RAM or working storage You ll see two lines across the middle of your screen One is made of squares and the other is made of diamonds Each square indicates 8K of main memory and each diamond indicates 8K of oxpanded memory As you allocate RAM to a RAM drive these squares or diamonds will be replaced by plus symbols and the amounts of memory allocated will be displayed on the summary lines below You can and certainly will want to reserve some RAM for a RAM drive The RAM drive turns your PHC 16 into a much more versatile two drive computer If you have the standard 256K of memory however yo
68. terese But we do want you to understand enough about how your PHC 16 works so that you can logically work your way through new situations and use your computer more efficiently If you are already familiar with computers you may want to skip this section 1 How Your Computer Works Your PHC 16 like any computer has a single purpose to manipulate data A computer is not very smart its mathematical ability is no better than that of a pre school child But it is so astonishingly fast that it can process in seconds what might take humans days or weeks And it can store data more conveniently and compactly than we have traditionally done with paper These attributes and its portability make the PHC 16 a very powerful and productive business tool Every computer system is built around the Central Processing Unit This is the box big or little that holds the processing chips and electronic circuits The Central Processing Unit as the nam implies does the processing or computing Your body is like a computer system Your brain receives information from your senses analyzes it and sends instructions to your muscles In this way you communicate with your environment In a similar manner your computer system needs devices to communicate with you to receive instructions and data from you and to send the results back to you ina form you can understand These devices are call peripherals Here s a simple diagram of a computer system
69. the reset button This returns you to the memory allocation screen but erases everything in both working storage and the RAM drive B Memory Test This is a special test that allows you to see if any of the ROM or RAM memory chips in your PHC 16 are not working properly Turn switch SW2 3 ON and the tests will be run during start up This screen shows the condition of your memory chips BIOS ROM USERSION BPI k ok ROM TEST PASSED RAM TEST IS NEXT x SET DIP SWITCH SW2 3 OFF TO SKIP THESE TESTS kk x ok PRESS THE ESC KEY IF YOU WANT TO RESET ALL SYSTEM PARAMETERS Aa k k PRESS ANY KEY TO CONTINUE xk SELECT THE RAM CONFIGURAION PRESENTLY INSTALLED 0 256K 1 512K 2 768K 3 1024K 4 1280K IOC 256K OF RAM ON THE MAIN BOARD RAM MUST BE EXACTLY AS CHOWN ud 2 13 14 15 16 Since this test takes considerable time you may want to use it only when you suspect your memory may be malfunctioning Keep Switch SW2 3 OFF for normal use n4 Co HA F Opt i To Oo na E Fa E gt A number of options are designed specifically for use with the PHC 16 These are described briefly here but specific instructions for installing and operating them come with the individual options Also PHC 16 is completely compatible with the IBM PC Printers or mice designed for use w
70. tings for each switch block and explains what each switch does Switch Block 1 Factory setting ON A MEMORY INSTALLED SWITCH 256K 512K or More l OFF OFF ON 2 ON OFF ON 3 ON ON OFF C MONITOR TYPE amp INITIAL SET UP MODE COLOR COLOR MONO SWITCH NONE 40x25 80x25 80X25 5 ON OFF ON OFF 6 ON ON OF F OFF 27 D NUMBER OF PHYSICAL DRIVES INSTALLED SWITCH 1 2 3 4x 7 ON OFF ON OFF 8 ON ON OFF OFF Not available at this time Switch Block 2 OFF Factory setting OR l Automatically take maximum RAM Display memory allocation screen for RAM drive up to 360K on start up for manual allocation 2 Allow RAM drive to be used Turn RAM drive OFF 3 Do ROM amp RAM check during Skip ROM amp RAM checking during start up and display on LCD Start up saves time 4 Use external video cards in Use monitor through PHC 16 LCD the expansion unit or RGB amp composite jacks gt Keep 24K of high RAM to save Do not reserve RAM Return from last screen while performing CTRL Left Shift features to a CTRL Left Shift features blank screen 360K RAM drive format Not available at this time Switch Block 3 Factory setting 2 Only supplies power to physical Supplies power to physical drive drive when needed Saves all the time May be required for battery power some software 3 Second physical drive is internal gt 4 Internal video RAM is being Internal video RAM is not b
71. u must manage your memory carefully With 256K the maximum size your RAM drive can be is 192K This is less than your diskette drive 360K and only leaves 64K for working storage too little for most software available today Increasing memory to 768K or 1280K gives ample RAM for a full RAM drive and enough working storage to run the larger and more complex software appearing on the market o OS ES I eg If you have ample memory for a full 360K RAM drive you probably ES IAS A TIA A E will want to turn switch SW2 l ON so that your full 360K RAM drive will automatically be allocated every time you start up With this switch ON you ll see this memory allocation screen briefly when you start up but you won t be able to change the RAM drive memory allocation Customizing Your PHC 1 6 Another feature you ll want to use if you have enough memory is reserved memory Turning switch SW2 5 ON will reserve 24K of RAM to save your screen so that when you return from using a CTRL Left Shift feature your screen will be as you left it Otherwise you return to a blank screen PHC 16 uses part of the 24K as a data buffer for the remote dumb terminal mode with this switch ON the three rightmost squares or diamonds on the screen will be replaced with three pyramid symbols and the reserved memory line will read 24K These CTRL Left Shift key functions are explained fully in the next chapter 3 Ready to Go When you re through partiti
72. u with this message Insert source diskette in drive B Insert destination diskette in drive A Strike any key when ready 9 Remove the DOS diskette from the physical drive insert a new diskette and press any key La Os TMS bus message to let you know it s copying Copying 2 side s 9 sectors per track When DOS finishes 1t displays this message Copy complete Copy another disk Y N ll Type N and DOS will return to the B gt l2 Type A and press ENTER to change the default drive to A This completes the copying phase Follow the DISKCOMP Instructions above to make sure your new working copy of DOS is ok I Using the RAM Drive PHC 16 RAM drive works like a second physical drive so you have the versatility of a two drive system We suggest that when you run normal application programs you follow these steps Load DOS into the PHC 16 Remove the DOS diskette Put the application diskette in the physical drive Copy the programs into the RAM drive using COPY or DISKCOPY Remove the application diskette from the physical drive Put the data diskette in the physical drive Change the default drive designation to B the RAM drive You are now ready to start GO d G LD E N ed This puts your application programs on the RAM drive where they will run faster and allows the PHC 16 to read and write your data to the diskette When you are asked for file names by the application program be sure to include the drive
73. uses diskettes These are sometimes called floppy disks Diskettes store data permanently and you can use as many diskettes as necessary to store your data Other computers use cassette tapes or hard disks Data storage capacity is measured in kilobytes or K A byte is one character of data One kilobyte or K equals not 1000 bytes or characters as the name kilo implies but 1024 bytes The internal memory of your computer is divided into two sections One area is reserved for portions of the operating system and hardware instructions This area is called Read Only Memory or ROM The other section of memory is a working storage area where the computer stores instructions and data This area is called Random Access Memory or RAM RAM in your PHC 16 can be subdivided or partitioned into working storage RAM and a RAM drive 4 hangs to Know About the Keys Think ot your keyboard as a sophisticated typewriter It has all the regular keys plus some others Most of the keys work just like a typewriter but there are a few exceptions Keys that Look Alike On typewriters the letter O and the number zero are interchangable Not so with computers Make sure you type I the right character in commands and J 0 file names On your keyboard and on m your screen the zero has a diagonal line through it The computer also knows the difference e between a lower case L and the number l 1 Sometimes the computer requires you to ente
74. ve As Strike any key when ready Remove the new diskette from tbe physical drive and insert the DOS diskette Press any key After a few seconds DOS prompts you again Insert destination diskette in drive A Strike any key when ready Remove the DOS diskette from the physical drive and insert the new diskette Press any key 12 After a few seconds DOS finishes the DISKCOPY and displays this message Copy complete Copy another disk Y N 13 Type n and DOS returns to the A gt To make sure that the new diskette is good compare the two diskottes with the DISKCOMP command At the A gt type DISKCOMP and press ENTER DOS displays this prompt Insert first diskette in drive A Strike any key when ready 2 Insert the DOS diskette in the physical drive and press any key 3 DOS displays this message Comparing 2 side s 9 sectors per track 4 After a few seconds DOS prompts you again Insert second diskette in drive A Strike any key when ready 5 Remove the DOS diskette from the physical drive and insert the new diskette Press any key 6 After a few seconds DOS prompts you again Insert first diskette in drive A Strike any key when ready 7 Remove the new diskette from the physical drive and insert the DOS diskette Press any key 8 After a few seconds DOS tells you that it s finished Diskettes compare ok Compare another disk Y N 9 Type n and DOS returns to the A gt This new diskette no
75. w becomes your Working Copy DOS diskette Put the master DOS diskette back in the DOS manual and keep it ina safe place The DISKCOMP may find errors in certain tracks and sectors on your new diskette If this happens use the FORMAT command to reformat the new diskette If DOS finds bad sectors throw the diskette away and FORMAT a new diskette until you find one that formats without bad sectors Then repeat the DISKCOPY and DISKCOMP steps above Making a Working Copy DOS diskette Alternate Method Another way to make a working copy of your DOS diskette is to use the RAM drive full 360K as an intermediate repository This means you must first copy the DOS diskette to the RAM drive and then copy to the new diskette but it reduces the diskette swapping required by only using the physical drive Here s how it works 1 At the A gt type DISKCOPY A B and press ENTER 2 DOS prompts you with this message Insert source diskette in drive A Insert destination diskette in drive B Strike any key when ready 3 Insert the DOS diskette in the physical drive and press any key 4 DOS displays this message to let you know it s copying Copying 2 side s 9 sectors per track When DOS finishes copying it will display this message Copy complete Copy another disk Y N 5 Type N and DOS returns to the A gt 6 Type B and press ENTER to change the default drive to B 7 At the B gt type DISKCOPY B A and press ENTER 8 DOS prompts yo
76. wn in this illustration Press the chip on th board in the desired slot Make sure that the chips are all inserted facing the same direction The tops end with notch are all to be facing upwards as are the Standard RAM chips already in Serted into the board Br Make sure that all the chips are inserted facing the same direction The tops the end with the notch should all be facing up as are the chips that were installed in your PHC 16 at the factory 4 After you have installed the extra memory chips insert the board back into the slot Notice the tracks that the upper board shoul slide into S Plug in the connector If you bought the PHC 16 with the 512K memory upgrade installed the switches should be set correctly and are the same for all total memory over 640K Here s a summary of possible memory combinations and appropriate switch settings HUA AA A e e A PX r re em em mm mn em mn ee e e e re e e rm A e e e e em re een e e A ee TOTAL MEMORY 256K 512K 768K 1024K 1280K SWITCHES SWl 1 OFF ON SWl 2 ON ON Swl 3 ON OFF E Color or Composite Monitor PHC 16 contains all the circuitry necessary to use a color or composite monitor Plug a color monitor into the RGB jack or a composite monitor into the composite RCA type jack Both jacks are on the back of the PHC 16 Make sure you set switches SWl 5 and SWl 6 for your monitor These settings will be different for different monitors You c

Sotec PHC-16 User's Manual

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