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R&S ESR-K55 Real-Time Analysis User Manual

1. 2 5 2 DISPlay WINDow n lt gt lt gt lt gt 5 2 49 DISPlay WINDow n lt gt 5 0 2 88 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe lt gt lt gt 5 87 lt gt lt gt 5 22 2 0 0 0 88 DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel OFFSet 0 eee 88 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t STATe essseseeeeeeneenennen nennen nennen nennen 105 FORMatDEXPort DSEbParator 5 rri e er EH 106 FORMat DATA INiTiatesn gt CONMEa S nies 92 gt CONTINUOUS a a a eiieeii 93 INItiatesn gt IMMediate E 93 sir NEED 89 INPuEATTenuation AU TO redde e oe e petendi ce e e i d bL dede 89 INPut COUPIling INPUEGAIN STATO ii
2. 100 lt gt 101 CALCulate lt n gt MASK NAME 101 cALOulatesmsMASKISPAN iiie etes core 101 GALE Gulatespns MASKIUPPer AUTO tei rr coenae 101 GALGulatesn MASKUPPerSHIFUNX ti nere ttn eden caa 101 CAL GUlate msMASKIUPPeESHIBEBY 102 CALCulate n MASKCUPPer STATS eiecerunt rk tt tint tn 102 CALGulatespns MASR UPPeEDATA ire e sett to ene iaa aa ae R aia 102 lt gt 5 0 103 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands eae Configuration CALCulate n MASK CDIRectory lt Subdirectory gt This command selects the directory the R amp S ESR stores frequency masks in Note that the directory must exist already for the command to work Parameters lt Subdirectory gt String containing the path to the directory The directory has to be a subdirectory of the default directory Thus the path is always relative to the default directory C R_S INSTR FREQMASK An empty string selects the default directory Example See chapter 6 3 5 2 Using the Frequency Mask Trigger o
3. STATus QUEStionable FREQuency NTRansition STATus QUEStionable FREQuency PTRansition STATus QUEStionable FREQuency EVENI seen 145 STATus QUEStionable LIMit n2 CONDition essssessssseeeeeeeneneneneeneen rennen enne 145 STATus QUEStionable LIMit n ENABle esesseeseeeeeeeeeneeeneeemre nemen nennen rennen enne 146 STATus QUEStionable LIMit n NTRansition sese eren 146 STATus QUEStionable LIMit lt n gt PTRansition 2147 lt gt 145 STATus QUEStionable LMARgin n CONDiition esesssssssseeeeeeeeneeneenremen emen 146 5 lt lt gt 146 STATus QUEStionable lt gt 146 5 5 lt gt 147 STATus QUEStionable _LMARgin lt n gt EVENt 2145 5 5 21000 0 0 02000 0110 68 00 146
4. nenne nnn 118 lt gt lt gt 119 lt gt lt gt 1 nennen nnne nnne 119 lt gt lt gt 120 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum PEAK 2 c ccceceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeaaaeeeeeeeeeeesaaaeneees 120 lt gt lt gt 121 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion CENTer This command matches the center or receiver frequency to the frequency of a marker If you use the command in combination with a delta marker that delta marker is turned into a normal marker Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Example CALC MARK2 FUNC CENT Sets the center frequency to the frequency of marker 2 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion REFerence This command sets the reference level to the power measured by a marker If you use the command in combination with a delta marker that delta marker is turned into a normal marker User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 116 R amp S ESR K55 Remote
5. 6 1 5 Measurement Mode Root Menus HOME 6 2 Measurements and Result 7 2 4 The Realtime Spectrum Result enn 7 2 2 Spectrogram Result Display eene nnne nnns 9 2 3 The Persistence Spectrum Result 21 3 Measurement 29 3 1 Data Acquisition and Processing in a Realtime 2 29 3 2 Configuring Realtime Measurements eene 31 3 3 Triggering Measurements eeseeeeeeeeeenneenennnnnnnn nennen nnn nnne nnn nnne nnns 34 34 Using Markers 1e rine nee Cent Dee Ile E Lo Eua To 40 3 5 Detector OVerview eene Lieder ierra boe Lei 43 3 6 ASCII File Export 1 1 nnn nn nnn nnn nn nnn nnn 43 4 Configuratio 45 4 1 Result Display 45 4 2 Result Display Configuration eeeeeeeeeeeeeeneneneeneen nnne nnn nnns 46 4 3 Common Measurement Se
6. 79 P PP PPP PPPP R R t User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 149 R amp S ESR K55 List of Commands lt gt 5 5 9 79 lt gt 5 5 5 nenne 80 lt gt 5 nnns nnne 80 CALGulatesns SGRam S TAT6 nette etd hp e d 80 CAL Culate lt n iiim M 138 CALCulatesns TEResthold STATO niat trio a aaa A uN en 138 lt 2 0 86 DISPlay MTABle icons Pied ete dt eet nde edo en apd adenda dde eerte 115 DISPlay WINDow PSPectrum COLor DEFault essere nnnm nennen eren 76 2 76 5 76 2 76
7. 132 lt gt lt gt 133 lt gt lt gt 133 lt gt lt gt 5 134 lt gt lt gt 134 lt gt lt gt 135 lt gt lt gt 135 lt gt lt gt 135 lt gt lt gt 5 136 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 130 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands mm B OU eee Analysis CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam FRAMe Frame Time This command positions the delta mark
8. 2 DISPlay WINDow PSPectrum COLor S TYLe DISPlay WINDow SGRam COLor DEFault essent nre 1 5 _ 1 81 5 82 DISPlay WINDow SGRam COLor STYLe essen DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SUBWindow lt m gt TRACe MAXHold STATe DISPlay WINDow n SUBWindow m TRACe t MAXHolq INTensity ee 74 1 lt gt 50 lt gt lt gt 0 74 1 lt gt 50 lt gt lt gt 5 75 DISPlay WINDow n SUBWindow m TRACe t SYMBJOl esee DISPlay WINDow SUBWindow DISPlay WINDow SUBWindow TRACe PERSistence GRANUularity
9. lt gt lt gt 511 20 teens CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X SLIMits STATe CAL Culatesnz MARKereme X SS IZ6 n ie tee bad deed perta Gade ta a ne Dae eaten d lt gt lt gt 111 gt lt cc epe eese UR 112 lt gt lt gt 5 AE Aae Ea EE 109 CALCulate xn MASK CDIRecCtOry eee etae eerte tnnt 99 CALCulate lt n gt MASK COMMent lt gt lt gt 5 aria didua daana 99 lt gt 5 1 100 CALCulate n MASK LOWer DATA 5 eror ener tnu eterne rne rne rio 100 lt gt _ 5 nnns 100 CALCulate lt n gt MASK MODE 101 CAL Culatesn gt MASK NAME 101 CAECulatesn MASK SPAN
10. 58 V VBW RMS detector 0 43 View trace mode 2 0 00 000000000000 61 Z ZOOM RR TCR Amplitude
11. ea a a 84 m 84 SENSe FREQuency SPAN FULL 1 etae nennt tnnt aieiai 85 5 0 5 85 5 12 85 SENSE 90 SENSe SWEep COUNt 5 5 5 iit heed tuac ee prre plage Ande a a cde eter te d ce bled ened Ja i a yi ds oH uz ioMe 94 5 lt gt 106 5 lt gt 5 22 4422 40 0 0 1 71 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 152 R amp S ESR K55 Index A L ASCII Trace export esee 43 level Attenuation Com 55 yiri EE display ANGE 53 54 ME Ico 53 54 Option B25 d Level Auto Peak detector 22 43 Reference pep bea 53 Average detector 2
12. 43 line threshold 68 B LO exclude tentent tentent 69 Blank trace Mode ied tton certa 61 M center frequency to 67 Clear Write trace mode 60 peak Color 20 reference level to sette 67 Color Mapping 16 search limit eet 67 Color scheme iq Markers CONDition TIS OE DL ILI IT 139 Set to Tate uenerunt bed o E ebrii 64 67 Correction Marker to trigger 22 40 inherent MOISE oe 56 Marker Wizard D Maxhold Max Hold trace mode i detector maximum Seafcbi iiio decree tera Diets C a 43 Measurement modes Detector Changing esii 5 62 Displaying main menus oiiire 6 Negative Peak 4 1 9 4 62 Min Hold trace mode ssce tees 61 Positive Peak 42 0 0 20 9 4 04 ntt 61 minimum search ecece ettet 67 display range Mode NOVO m 53 54 see also Maasuremerntimodes a eet 5 MODE Key teen eere et e ds 5 E y ENABI c HP N am
13. lt gt 115 GAL Gul tesmns DEL Famarkersmisdz eu nece peperere petite 115 dup dm 115 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt AOFF This command all markers off including delta markers and marker measurement func tions Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt depends on mode irrelevant Example CALC MARK AOFF Switches off all markers Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion ZOOM lt Range gt This command defines the range to be zoomed around marker 1 Marker 1 is activated first if necessary The marker frequency becomes the new receiver or center frequency and the span is adjusted according to the zoom factor Note that you should perform a complete measurement with synchronization to the end of the measurement This is only possible for single sweeps User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 108 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands ee eee M ed Analysis Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Parameters lt Range gt lt numeric_value gt Example INIT CONT OFF Switches to single sweep mode CALC MARK FUNC ZOOM 1kHz WAI Activates zooming and waits for its end CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt LOEXclude lt State gt This command turns the local oscillator suppression during a peak search on or off Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt irrelevant Paramete
14. 84 Softkey SI 61 Center remote control 83 Clear Write icri rre notte triones color mapping Continuous Sweep remote control 93 continuous trigger Cont Meas remote control Decim Sep remote control Delete mask inire rentrer Exclude LO Frequency mask eR fs Frequency Offset remote control 84 full span Input ACIDC eripere teeth teneret 57 Input AC DC remote control 89 Input 50 Q 75 Load MaSK Marker 1 to 4 remote control 111 Marker to Trace Marker to Trace remote control 109 marker to trigger Max Hold e maxhold intensity 1 27 maxhold reset erret tene Mech Atten Auto Mech Atten Auto remote control Mech Atten Manual Mech Atten Manual remote control 2 Mini Holdi New MaSK d New Spectrum remote control EI C n persistence granularity posttrigger 2 Preamp On Off nte
15. lt gt lt gt 129 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MODE lt gt lt gt CALCulate n DELTamarker m SGRam FRAMe sse nennen nnne nennen CALCulate n DELTamarker m SGRam SARea esses CALOCulate n DELTamarker m SGRam XY MAXimum PEAK essere lt gt lt gt CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam Y MAXimum ABOVe CALCulate n DELTamarker m SGRam Y MAXimum BELOW essen enne lt gt lt gt 5 2 CALOCulate n DELTamarker m SGRam Y MAXimum PEAK essen lt gt lt gt 1 nnn CALCulate n DELTamarker m SGRam Y MlINimum BELOw CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam Y MINimum NEXT CALOCulate n DELTamarker m SGRam Y MlINimum PEAK esee CALCulate n DELTamarker m SGRam Y TRIGger sese
16. CONDition part 3 2 1 0 lt TERREN Vd 15 14 13 12 PTRansition part 3 2 1 0 gt 15 14 13 12 NTRansition part 3 2 1 0 pee dd yd dt y v v V Y VY y y Logic OR of 15 14 13 12 EVENt part 312 1 S abis Summary bit of SCPI register written into a bit of the STB or into the CONDition bit of a superordinate register Logical AND of EVENt and ENABle bits 15 14 13 12 ENABle part 3 1 8 Fig 6 1 The status register model Description of the five status register parts The five parts of a SCPI register have different properties and functions CONDition The coNDition partis written into directly by the hardware or the sum bit of the next lower register Its contents reflect the current instrument status This register part can only be read but not written into or cleared Its contents are not affected by reading e PTRansition NTRansition EN User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 139 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands a a a ee Status Registers The two transition register parts define which state transition of the CONDition part none 0 to 1 1 to 0 or both is stored in the EVENt part The Positive TRansition part acts as a transition filter When a bit of the CONDition part is changed from 0
17. 61 33 Spectrogram Clear 12 color curve ue neret 16 SCHEIMG 17 ijo L 12 realtime mode rennen 12 time stamp 14 Status registers eot ertt eret rien 139 ENABIG di tin der fe ren Ea 139 RE PTRansition STATUS OPERATOR 142 STATus QUEStionable 143 STATus QUEStionable TIME 144 sweep Frees RUM 58 UIN qe 32 T threshold aem 68 Trace Clear 220 60 155 Trace mode IE e 61 Clear WME sirarne eor beet 60 Max Hold oe htt tete 60 Miri Hold Ete ar en reis cete tiat 61 n 61 Trace uir rentre re eniin 28 trigger external weisst etit T n peni 59 Trigger realtime mode 34 trigger mode Exlerrial cicer toe teet eon eoe euo e eie Eee 59 Free RU
18. lt gt 125 lt gt lt gt 126 lt gt lt gt 5 126 CALCulate n MARKer m SGRam Y TRIGger sees 127 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt SGRam FRAMe Frame Time This command positions the marker on a particular frame The command is available for the spectrogram Suffix n 1 4 Selects the measurement window User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 1241 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands ee ee a ed Analysis lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Parameters lt gt lt gt lt gt if time stamp is off Defines the frame to place the marker on The range is 0 number of recorded frames 1 time if time stamp is on Defines the distance of the marker in seconds to the last measured frame frame 0 Example CALC MARK SGR FRAM 20 Sets the marker on the 20th frame before the present CALC MARK2 SGR FRAM 2 s Sets second marker on the frame 2 seconds ago CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt SGRam SARea lt SearchArea gt This command defines the marker search area The command is available for the spectrogram Suffix lt
19. ji i TEE IAL Normal Delta Defines whether it is a normal marker or delta marker For delta markers you can define a reference marker Ref Marker Reference marker for delta markers The marker values for the delta marker are indicated relative to the specified reference marker User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 64 R amp S ESR K55 Analysis Using Markers Trace Trace for which the marker is to be set Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt STATe on 109 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt STATe on page 113 CALCulate n MARKer m on page 109 D D CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt TRACe on page 113 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MREF on page 113 All Marker Off Marker Wizard Switches all markers off It also switches off all functions and displays that are associated with the markers delta markers Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt AOFF on page 108 All Marker Off Switches all markers off It also switches off all functions and displays that are associated with the markers delta markers Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt AOFF on page 108 Marker Table Defines how the marker information is displayed On Displays the marker information in a table in a separate area beneath the diagram Off Displays the marker information within the diagram area
20. lt gt lt gt lt gt gt rec aot sa uada anda 114 lt gt lt gt 114 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt Y 2115 lt gt lt gt 42 sse tents sites stirred 115 CALOCulate n DELTamarker m STATe 113 CALCu latesn gt FEED tret err ette dear Een eto cord d b a e d d eed a e e eve ae 72 lt gt lt gt 108 lt gt lt gt 7 116 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion REFerence CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion ZOOM lt gt lt gt CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum AUTO CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXiMUM CALCulate lt n g
21. lt gt 5 123 CALCulate n2 MARKer m SGRam Y MAXimum BELOW sssssssssseseeeeeene nennen 124 lt gt lt gt 5 222 24204 0 124 lt gt lt gt 5 0 0 0 1 125 lt gt lt gt 5 125 lt gt lt gt 5 2 125 lt gt lt gt 5 02 2 7 8 126 lt gt lt gt 5 126 CALCulate n MARKer m SGRam Y TRIGger lt gt lt gt seinen sette CAL Culatesn MARKoersm uno pee 110 lt gt lt gt 5 1 lt gt lt gt 51
22. 103 TRIGgersns SEQuence SLOBe errare eret tra bebe seu ta Fear ena Mares ba 95 TRIGger n SEQuence SOURGSe 4 rir reperi terrent nee o th Foe eae EXER 96 TRIGger n SEQuence TDTRigger LEVel sese 96 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 151 R amp S ESR K55 List of Commands TRIGger SEQuence POSTtrigger TIME esses eene nnne nennen nennt nnn 97 97 SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution eese 85 SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution AU TO 86 SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution RATio sees 86 5 0 rene i HEX E EE SENSe FREQuency CENTer STEP 5 84 SENSe FREQuency CENTer STEP LINK FACTOr 84
23. E c e d Ree re ER 89 oce ter tee perte 90 INSTrument CREate NEW ede inrcr teet tta cua ce Da hp dtd a a E te HE e av nears 70 INS TrUMent DELE nri Lm 70 EMN User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 150 R amp S ESR K55 List of Commands INSTr ment SELEC e 71 MMEMOry STORSG SGRal irf eei er te e E t rd ec EG EOD REST aan 81 MMEMory STOResn TRAQGS diede sunu tocan ved ad aene dae ded 106 STAT s OPERaltion CONDItIOD 2 2 ette e irii ettet a vc de e e d a eet ped 145 146 STAT s OPERation N TRansitlo 2 2 146 STATus OPERation P TRansitlori oiim Lr pax 147 STAT s OPERation EVENI ped var rg ete ae la veda Avie 145 STATUS PRESE 145 STATus QUEStionable CONDition essssssssseseseeneeeeneneeeneeneennen rennen nennen inneren 145 STATus QUEStionable ENABIS rn Ere tegere tet eek tpe ient ev dE eu 146 STATus QUEStionable FREQuency CONDiition sessi 145 5
24. E Rr eee Ne 97 TRIGger SEQuence PRETrigger 97 TRIGger MODE Mode This command turns continuous triggering on and off Parameters Mode CONTinuous Continuous measurement STOP Measurement stops after the trigger event is done RST CONTinuous Mode RT TRIGger lt n gt SEQuence HOLDoff TIME Delay This command defines the length of the trigger delay A negative delay time pretrigger can be set in zero span only Suffix n irrelevant Parameters Delay Range zero span sweeptime see data sheet to 30 s span 0 to 30s RST 0s Example TRIG HOLD 500us TRIGger lt n gt SEQuence SLOPe Type This command selects the slope of the trigger signal The selected trigger slope applies to all trigger signal sources Suffix n irrelevant User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 95 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands ee eee ee es Configuration Parameters lt Type gt POSitive NEGative RST POSitive Example TRIG SLOP NEG TRIGger lt n gt SEQuence SOURCce Source This command selects the trigger source For details on trigger modes refer to the Trg Gate Source softkey in the base unit description Suffix lt n gt irrelevant Parameters lt Source gt Note that the availability of the trigger source depends on the measurement you are in EXTernal Selects an external trigger IFPower Selects the trigger on
25. M 52 Center Defines the center or measurement frequency EN User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 50 R amp S ESR K55 Configuration Common Measurement Settings The available frequency range depends on the instrument model For more information see the data sheet Remote command SENSe FRI EQuency CENTer on page 83 Center Frequency Stepsize Defines the step size by which the center frequency is increased or decreased when the arrow keys are pressed When you use the rotary knob the center frequency changes in steps of only 1 10 of the Center Frequency Stepsize 0 1 Span The stepsize is 10 96 of the current span 0 5 Span The stepsize is 50 of the current span x Span The stepsize is a percentage of the current span that you can define manually Center The stepsize is matched to the current center frequency Marker The stepsize is matched to the current marker frequency Available only if a marker is active Manual The stepsize is a fixed frequency that you define manually Remote command Stepsize coupling SENSe FREQuency CENTer STEP LINK on page 84 Manual stepsize as a function of the span SENSe FREQuency CENTer STEP LINK FACTor on page 84 Manual stepsize in Hz SENSe FREQuency CENTer STEP on page 83 Start Stop Defines the start and stop frequency For more information see chapter 3 2 3 Setting the Span on page 33
26. 04 18 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays The Spectrogram Result Display _ i I x 1 110dBm BOdBm 60dBm 40dBm 10dBm Alternatively you can set the range in the numeric input field For the spectral histogram you enter the percentages as they are plotted on the horizontal axis and displayed in the spectral histogram itself For the spectrogram however you have to enter the distance from the right and left border as a percentage Example The color map starts at 100 dBm and ends at 0 dBm i e a range of 100 dB You however want the color map to start at 90 dBm To do so you have to enter 10 in the Start field The FSVR shifts the start point 10 to the right to 90 dBm In the spectrogram cutting the range as far as possible is also a good way if you want to observe and put the focus on signals with a certain amplitude only Then only those signal amplitudes that you really want see are displayed The rest of the display remains dark or light depending on the color scheme It is also a good way to eliminate noise from the display In the spectrogram you can do this easily by excluding the corresponding power levels at the low end of the power level distribution In the histogram cutting down the color range is also a good way to eliminate unwanted signal parts Very frequent level and frequency combinations are most likely noise so cutting them away means th
27. 7 1 Negative Peak detector 43 export format noise 1 59 correction 2 56 F N TRAnSIHOE iate 139 Frequency mask trigger 34 H offset reference level 56 Options 6 FSV B25 ooo 55 RF Preamplifier B22 55 Overwrite mode icri ee secreted node 60 Impedance e 57 Inherent noise voi Tei o Em 56 PEAKSEARGH SEEKS A ICONE 98 deus ova gra ERE 26 K Persistence spectrum 20 COIOF MAPPING eee 16 HOME coccecccccccceccccceccccceccecceceece eed 6 5 candids diii a aA 17 Ve ze 5 maxhold e e 27 trace SUIS p 28 Positive Peak detector 43 pierjuger e 39 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 R amp S ESR K55 Index Preamplifier 22 8 55 PretriQgen eR M 39 M 139 R Realtime mode toglie P A color mappilig s c rri rete roe rrr color scheme T external Migger in ccs ior etre ete free run m
28. User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 Index Preamp On Off remote control pretiigger cies envio Ref Level Ref Level remote control rg EQ RF Atten Auto RF Atten Auto remote control RF Atten Manual eese RF Atten Manual remote control T Save remote control Save MASK ccce eere tino hr e eant Select 1 2 3 4 remote control PS A Single Meas remote control Single Sweep remote control span Ee in start frequency cce tr ine te ine ode Stop TrequeriGy erre rie euren stop on trigger us style V86 dots inae bete net Sweep Count remote control Sweep Time remote control i sweep time sweep time Sweeptime Manual remote control 2t time domain trigger sseee Trace Mode remote control Trg Gate Source remote control 5 M Softkeys Detector Average 4 62 Detector Negative Peak 62 Detector Positive Peak
29. eere eerte rer ere eir re aere da eec eu re e rrr npe 101 lt gt 5 101 CALCulate n MASK PPSet SHIFEUX ettet enero totes trinh eee E Ee eee ese 101 CALCulate n MASK U PPer SHIFEUY ertet eontra eo erste hor rabo eo eo nausea br suae 102 CALCulate lt n gt MASK UPPer DATA 102 CAL Culatesn gt MASKIUPPer STAT 6 i eer eh hoe PR MERE E 102 lt gt 5 2 77 lt gt 5 2 2 422 0 1 0 91 lt 2 5 5 CAL Culateenz SGRam CONT acc aa CALCulate lt n gt SGRam FRAMe COUNt lt gt 5 lt gt 5 lt gt 5 6 92 lt gt 5
30. R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands a a eS 1 Measurements and Result Displays CALCulate lt n gt SGRam TSTamp STATe lt State gt This command activates and deactivates the time stamp If the time stamp is active some commands do not address frames as numbers but as relative time values CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam FRAMe page 131 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt SGRam FRAMe page 121 CALCulate n SGRam FRAMe SELect on page 78 Suffix n 1 4 Selects the measurement window Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC SGR TST ON Activates the time stamp CALCulate lt n gt SGRam X DATA lt Data gt This command queries the scaling of the x axis in the spectrogram Parameters lt Data gt CURRent Scaling of the current spectrogram frame ALL Scaling of all frames in the history of the spectrogram Usage Query only CALCulate lt n gt SGRam STATe State This command turns the spectrogram result display on and off Alternatively you can turn on the spectrogram with CALCulate lt n gt FEED on page 72 Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC SGR ON Activates the Spectrogram result display EEUU RU E S e e A A LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLALCUULTUTLLLLL User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 80 R amp S ESR K55 Remo
31. Remote command Logarithmic scaling DISP WIND TRAC Y SPAC LOG see DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SPACing on page 88 Display range DISP WIND TRAC Y 5DB see DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe on page 87 Range Log 1 dB Range Sets the level display range to 1 dB Remote command Logarithmic scaling DISP WIND TRAC Y SPAC LOG see DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SPACing on page 88 Display range DISP WIND TRAC Y 1DB see DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe on page 87 Range Log Manual Range Opens an edit dialog box to define the display range of a logarithmic level axis manually Remote command Logarithmic scaling DISP WIND TRAC Y SPAC LOG see DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SPACing on page 88 Display range DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe on page 87 Range Linear Range Selects linear scaling for the level axis in 96 The grid is divided into decadal sections User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 54 R amp S ESR K55 Configuration an en ee O m H m P Common Measurement Settings Markers are displayed in the selected unit Unit softkey Delta markers are displayed in referenced to the voltage value at the position of marker 1 This is the default setting for linear scaling Remote command DISP TRAC Y SPAC LIN see DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt
32. lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Example CALC MARK2 SGR Y MAX Activates and positions marker 2 on the peak level of the y axis CALC MARK2 SGR Y MAX BEL Positions marker 2 on the next higher level found in the diagram area below the current marker position Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt SGRam Y MAXimum NEXT This command positions the specified marker on the next peak level of the vertical axis The search includes frames above and below the current marker position It does not change the horizontal position of the marker The command is available for the spectrogram Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Example CALC MARK2 SGR Y MAX Activates and positions marker 2 on the peak level of the y axis CALC MARK2 SGR Y MAX NEXT Positions marker 2 on the next higher level Usage Event User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 124 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands u T M M au ee Analysis CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt SGRam Y MAXimum PEAK This command positions the specified marker on the current peak level of the vertical axis The search is performed over all frames It does not change the horizontal position of the marker The command is available for the spectrogram Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement wind
33. on page 14 Remote command Turn zoom on and off DISPlay WINDow SUBWindow ZOOM STATe on page 73 Define the zoom area DISPlay WINDow SUBWindow ZOOM AREA on page 72 Result Display Configuration Each result display available with the realtime application features some settings that have an effect on that result display only The following paragraphs give a short overview of the functions available for the result displays of the realtime application For a more comprehensive description see chapter 2 2 3 Configuring the Spectro gram on page 12 and chapter 2 3 3 Configuring the Persistence Spectrum on page 26 e Persistence Speell lm ione eee eme tte edo ire 46 LEM Ges TE 47 Persistence Spectrum VRAD EET EO LOL D D LES 46 cL 46 Maxhold Intensity dE Hd det 47 WARIO m 47 CY 47 Color Mapping Opens a dialog box to configure the persistence spectrum color map For more information see chapter 2 2 3 3 Customizing the Color Mapping on page 16 Remote command See chapter 6 2 2 2 Working with the Color Map on page 75 Persistence Defines the persistence of the displayed data For more information see chapter 2 3 3 1 Using Persistence on page 26 Remote command Turn persistence on and off DISPlay WINDow l
34. 20 4MHZ 10 10MBZ 10 Defines an upper frequency mask with 6 data points CALC MASK UPP SHIF X 1 2 CALC MASK UPP SHIF 10 Shift the upper frequency mask 1 MHz to the left and 10 dB up CALC MASK UPP STAT ON Turns the upper frequency mask on Alternatively you can create an upper frequency mask automatically CALC MASK UPP AUTO Automatically defines the shape of an upper frequency mask CALC MASK DEL Deletes the frequency mask called MyMask in C FreqMasks Before making any changes to a frequency mask you have to select one by name with CALCulate n MASK NAME on page 101 Compared to manual configuration of frequency masks any changes made to a fre quency mask via remote control are saved after the corresponding command has been sent CAL Culatesn MASK CDIRecCIORy 2 rc etn tno nnde xm neta qe RE ene pea ud aaa 99 CALCE lt MASK COMMON i o cerco parere coca Eno eta indo 99 GALECUulatesmiMASK DELBl 2 x nct este usd sepe dede eni 99 CAL GUulate smnMASKTEOWeRSHIPUX ee pp EEE 99 GALGulate n MASK EOWerSHIFUY oec aeu Re inn Axe En aaa aee 100 lt gt _ 100 CAL Culatesa MASK LOWer
35. BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution Bandwidth This command defines the resolution bandwidth In realtime mode the resolution bandwidth is always coupled to the span Parameters Bandwidth refer to data sheet RST AUTO is set to ON Example BAND 1 MHz Sets the resolution bandwidth to 1 MHz ERREUR EE E S e L LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLALLLALLLALLAALAALALULUTATLLL AR User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 85 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands 6 3 3 Configuration SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution AUTO lt State gt This command couples and decouples the resolution bandwidth to the span The automatic coupling adapts the resolution bandwidth to the current frequency span according to the relationship between frequency span and resolution bandwidth Use SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution RATio to define the ratio RBW span Parameters State ON OFF RST ON Example BAND AUTO OFF Switches off the coupling of the resolution bandwidth to the span SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution RATio Ratio This command defines the ratio between the resolution bandwidth Hz and the span Hz Note that the ratio defined with the remote command RBW span is reciprocal to that of the manual operation span RBW Parameters Ratio Range 0 0048 to 0 01 RST 0 0002 Example BAND RAT 0 01 Defining Level Characteristics CALCulatesms UNIT POWE 2 a
36. lt peak excursion an execution error error code 200 is produced In Spectrogram mode this command positions the specified marker on the next peak level of the x axis The search includes only the data to the left of the current marker position in the current frame It does not change the position of the marker on the y axis Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt depends on mode Selects the marker Example CALC MARK2 MAX Positions marker 2 to the maximum value of the trace Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum RIGHt This command positions a marker to the next smaller trace maximum on the right of the current value i e in ascending X values If no next smaller maximum value is found on the trace level spacing to adjacent values lt peak excursion an execution error error code 200 is produced In Spectrogram mode this command positions the specified marker on the next peak level of the x axis The search includes only the data to the left of the current marker position in the current frame It does not change the position of the marker on the y axis U User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 118 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands a_a Se c Analysis Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Example CALC MARK2 MAX RIGH Positions marker 2 to the next lower maximum value to the right of the current value Usage E
37. 1 4 Selects the measurement window Parameters lt HistoryDepth gt The maximum number of frames depends on the number of sweep points Range 781 to 20000 Increment 1 RST 3000 Example CALC SGR HDEP 1500 Sets the history depth to 1500 CALCulate lt n gt SGRam TSTamp DATA Mode This command queries the time stamp of the frames All available frame results are returned by TRACe lt n gt DATA on page 107 Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window Query parameters lt Mode gt CURRent Returns the time stamp of the current frame ALL Returns the time stamps of all frames The result are sorted in descending order beginning with the current frame Return values lt TimeStamp gt The return values consist of four values for each frame The first value is the date of the measurement in seconds that have passed since 01 01 1970 in seconds For a better resolution the second value shows the additional milliseconds This value is also displayed on screen These numbers are appropiate for relative uses but you can also calculate the absolute date and time as displayed on the screen The third and fourth value are reserved for future uses If the Spectrogram is empty the command returns 0 0 0 0 Example CALC SGR TST ON Activates the time stamp CALC SGR TST DATA ALL Returns the time stamp of all frames sorted in a descending order Usage Query only EN User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 79
38. 10 10 100 Fig 2 7 Virtual table containing the percentages of the results after one frame The values in the table are the percentages so that the sum of each column is always 100 With a long observation time the percentage becomes a statistical value that shows the probability of the occurence of a particular frequency level combination Coloring To visualize the percentages in the persistence spectrum the R amp S ESR uses different colors for different values That means the final step of creating the persistence spectrum is the mapping of colors to every pixel with each color representing a particular percent age or probability that is shown in the color map in the title bar of the result display The color the R amp S ESR assigns to the percentage depends on e the color scheme you have selected e the color mapping settings you have set In the default configuration color scheme Hot the R amp S ESR shows low percentages with cold colors blue green etc and high percentages in warm colors red yellow etc Applying colors to 2 7 would result in a picture like this 15 019950 CF 15 0 GHz Span 40 0 MHz Fig 2 8 Virtual table and result display containing the colored results As you can see in 2 8 the most frequent spectral parts appear in red while all others appear in colder colors Up until now the process was for one frame only and no active persistence and no max hold function If you a
39. 146 5 146 5 5 146 5 5 147 STATus QUEStionable POWer EVENt STATus QUEStionabl P TRansitlOn ieiuna cenae n 5 2 20 000000 00000100000 146 5 146 5 5 2 0000000 00 146 5 5 147 STATus QUEStionable TIME EVENt 5 os cde p o teni ceno 145 5 1 22 20040 0 00 145 gt TRACSSn gt DATA DEEP ue MODE E M TRIGger lt n gt SEQuence HOLDoff TIME lt gt 5
40. 3 4 Configuring the Sweep lt gt 5 2 2000800 11 91 SGRAM m 91 GAECulatesmnsSGRam FRAMeS CO NE iiti 91 GALE DulatesmssSoRamiPRAMESELBGE 92 n CONNMIGaS aseo e 92 CONTISIDES 5 trece rei raten En decere ona rea De denne inen en nu anna 93 INI Fate p IMMaediale ue cooker ded eese Pa nct da rre ee nk dede Re ERE 93 SENS SWESS COUN m 94 BENSe SWESp TIME cea c da a 94 SENSe SWEep TIME AUTO ccce tnter te tenete ttt t teet sonia 94 CALCulate n SGRam CLEar IMMediate This command resets the Spectrogram result display and clears the history buffer Suffix n 1 4 Selects the measurement window Example CALC SGR CLE Resets the result display and clears the memory Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt SGRam CONT lt State gt This command determines whether the results of the last measurement are deleted before starting a new measurement in single sweep mode Suffix n 1 4 Selects the measurement window Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example INIT CONT OFF Selects single sweep mode INIT WAI Starts the sweep and waits for the end of the sweep CAL
41. 59 Time Boma ics 22 RR DH e REM ane EXER CERE Rr e ETE 59 Pretigger POSIQIgOet m aeter Ft ri ua 59 IR GAN EEEN 59 Sp ON Tero M 59 Free The start of a sweep is not triggered Once a measurement is completed another is started immediately Remote command TRIG SOUR IMM see TRIGger lt n gt SEQuence SOURce on page 96 EN User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 58 R amp S ESR K55 Configuration l_a SSS SSSSSS S _ S S SS S S S E E _E _ _ E E ESEE Mni Common Measurement Settings External Defines triggering via a TTL signal at the EXT TRIG GATE IN input connector on the rear panel Remote command TRIG SOUR EXT see TRIGger lt n gt SEQuence SOURce on page 96 Frequency Mask Opens a submenu to configure the frequency mask trigger For more information see chapter 3 3 1 Working with the Frequency Mask Trigger on page 34 Remote command see chapter 6 3 5 2 Using the Frequency Mask Trigger on page 97 Time Domain Selects the time domain trigger For more information see chapter 3 3 2 Using the Time Domain Trigger on page 39 Remote command TRIGger lt n gt SEQuence TDTRigger LEVel on page 96 Pretrigger Posttrigger Defines a pre and posttrigger period that is included in the data analysis For more infor
42. 998 6 Fig 3 5 Marker input field Every marker in the spectrogram has two coordinates If the realtime spectrum is active at the same time the spectrogram is active the realtime spectrum markers also have two coordinates The first coordinate defines the frequency of the marker The second coordinate defines the position of the marker in time The unit depends on whether the time stamp is active or not If it is inactive you have to define a particular frame number relative to the current frame If not you have to set the distance to the current frame in seconds The R amp S ESR then evaluates the corresponding frame number automatically The time value for normal markers is always negative because the tem poral marker position is always relative to the current frame Deltamarkers can also have positive values if you set them on a frame recorded after the frame the marker is on The recording date and time of the frame displayed in the spectrogram footer is adjusted accordingly The available history depth defines the maximum time range As soon as the first marker is active the R amp S ESR also shows the marker information in the diagram area Fig 3 6 Marker information 1 Marker Mx and deltamarker Dx information including the trace number x the marker is on 2 Position of the marker in time relative to the marker in case of the deltamarker 3 Frequency position of the marker relative to the marker in case
43. Aut Default The marker table is displayed automatically if more than 2 markers are active and removed if only 1 or 2 markers are active This helps keep the information in the display clear Remote command DISPlay MTAB1e on page 115 Marker Stepsize Opens a submenu to set the step size of all markers and delta markers Default value for the marker step size is Stepsize Sweep Points Stepsize Standard Marker Stepsize Moves the marker or delta marker from one measurement point to the next if the marker or delta marker value is changed via the rotary knob Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 Marker 16 Marker Norm Delta softkeys see Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 Marker 16 Marker Norm Delta on page 63 If more measured values than measure ment points exist it is not possible to read out all measured values In this case use the Stepsize Sweep Points softkey Remote command CALC MARK X SSIZ STAN see CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X SSIZe on page 110 E User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 65 R amp S ESR K55 Analysis 5 2 2 Using Markers Stepsize Sweep Points Marker Stepsize Moves the marker or delta marker from one measured value to the next if the marker or delta marker value is changed via the rotary knob Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 Marker 16 Marker Norm Delta softkeys see Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 Marker 16 Marker Norm Delta on page 63 If more measured
44. Auto Max Peak Auto Min Peak Adds an automatic peak search action for marker 1 at the end of each particular sweep This function may be used during adjustments of a device under test to keep track of the current peak marker position and level The current marker search limit settings Left Limit Right Limit Threshold softkeys are taken into account Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum AUTO on page 117 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum AUTO on page 119 Search Limits Opens a submenu to set the limits for maximum or minimum search in the x and y direc tion Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X SLIMits STATe on page 137 E e 1 L 1 4 1L LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLUTLLLUULZEXM X User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 67 R amp S9ESR K55 Analysis mam M HO P mit Using Markers Left Limit Search Limits Opens an edit dialog box to enter a value for the lower limit left vertical line S1 for span gt 0 T1 for zero span The search is performed between the lines of the left and right limit see also Right Limit softkey Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X SLIMits LEFT on page 136 Right Limit Search Limits Opens an edit dialog box to enter a value for the upper limit left vertical line S2 for span gt 0 T2 for zero span The search is performed bet
45. Changing the start and stop frequencies invalidates the center frequency and span set tings that you have previously made Note that if you enter a start and stop frequency that would result in a span larger than 40 MHz the R amp S ESR always narrows the span down to 40 MHz Example If you first enter a start frequency of 100 MHz and then a stop frequency of 150 MHz the R amp S ESR adjusts the start frequency to 110 MHz If you first enter a stop frequency of 150 MHz and then a start frequency of 100 MHz the R amp S ESR adjusts the stop frequency to 140 MHz SENSe FREQuency STARt on page 85 SENSe FREQuency STOP on page 85 Restoring the full span You can always restore the full span 40 MHz with the Full Span softkey SENSe FREQuency SPAN FULL on page 85 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 33 R amp S ESR K55 Measurement Basics mm 8 e Triggering Measurements 3 2 4 Setting the Resolution Bandwidth The aspect of the signal as appears on the display of the R amp S ESR depends on the resolution filter bandwidth that you have set The resolution bandwidth determines the frequency resolution of a measurements The resolution bandwidth is directly coupled to the span of the R amp S ESR If you increase or decrease the span the resolution bandwidth also goes up or down If neccessary you can apply a fix coupling ratio between the resolution bandwith and the span in the Cou
46. Control Commands a_a u Analysis Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Example CALC MARK2 FUNC REF Sets the reference level to the level of marker 2 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum AUTO lt State gt This command turns an automatic marker peak search for a trace maximum on and off The command performs the peak search after each sweep An automatic peak search may be used during adjustments of a device under test to keep track of the actual peak marker position and level If no maximum value is found on the trace level spacing to adjacent values lt peak excursion an execution error error code 200 is produced Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC MARK MAX AUTO ON Activates the automatic peak search function for marker 1 at the end of each particular sweep Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum LEFT This command positions a marker to the next smaller trace maximum on the left of the current position i e in descending X values If no next smaller maximum value is found on the trace level spacing to adjacent values lt peak excursion an execution error error code 200 is produced In Spectrogram mode this command positions the specified marker on the next peak level of the x axis The search in
47. DET POS see SENSe WINDow DETector lt trace gt FUNCtion on page 106 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 61 R amp S9ESR K55 Analysis Working with Traces Negative Peak Detector Trace 1 to 4 Selects the Negative Peak detector Remote command DET NEG see SENSe WINDow DETector lt trace gt FUNCtion on page 106 Average Detector Trace 1 to 4 Selects the Average detector Remote command DET AVER see SENSe WINDow DETector lt trace gt FUNCtion on page 106 Copy Trace Opens an edit dialog box to enter the number of the trace memory in which the currently selected trace will be copied Remote command TRACe lt n gt COPY on page 107 Trace Wizard Opens the Trace Wizard dialog For more information see the manual of the R amp S ESR ASCII Trace Export Opens the ASCII Trace Export Name dialog box and saves the active trace in ASCII format to the specified file and directory The file consists of the header containing important scaling parameters and a data section containing the trace data For details on an ASCII file see chapter 3 6 ASCII File Export Format on page 43 This format can be processed by spreadsheet calculation programs e g MS Excel It is necessary to define as a separator for the data import Different language versions of evaluation programs may require a different handling of the decimal point It is therefore
48. EE I e e L LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLA LULA ACMISILEA User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 57 R amp S ESR K55 Configuration m C EEIENLIEIIUINIILILLELDLLINEIZLZINLILLILLIEIZLLAAnuLA An sew Common Measurement Settings For more information see chapter 3 2 Configuring Realtime Measurements on page 31 Remote command SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution on page 85 SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution AUTO on page 86 Sweeptime Manual F T Auto Defines the sweep time for measurements in the frequency domain F or time domain You can define the sweep time manually or automatically For more information see chapter 3 2 2 Setting the Sweep Time on page 32 Remote command SENSe SWEep TIME on page 94 SENSe SWEep TIME AUTO on page 94 Coupling Ratio Opens a submenu to define a fix coupling ratio between resolution bandwidth and span The following coupling ratios are available Span RBW 3333 Span RBW 1666 Span RBW 833 Span RBW 416 Span RBW 208 Remote command SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution RATio on page 86 4 3 5 Triggering Measurements gt To access the Trigger menu press the TRIG key on the R amp S ESR front panel Froe RUN Me 58 FEMS FIA os RO 59 diced E
49. Granularity 4 Ke lt Power vs Detector Power Time PvT Waterfall Time Dom Trigger Fig 3 2 Block diagram of the R amp S ESR Acquiring the data The data acquisition process is the same as in a conventional spectrum analyzer First the R amp S ESR either attenuates the signal that you have applied to the RF input to get a signal level that the R amp S ESR can handle or if you have a weak signal preamplifies the signal and then down converts the RF signal to an intermediary frequency IF usually in several stages After the down conversion the R amp S ESR samples the signal into a digital data stream that is the basis for the Fast Fourier Transformation FFT The sampling rate the R amp S ESR uses for sampling is variable but depends on the span you have set The maximum span is 40 MHz Fig 3 3 Continuous data stream At the same time the A D data is captured in the memory Processing the data The R amp S ESR then splits the data stream stored in the 1 0 memory into data blocks whose length is 1024 samples each to prepare it for the FFT Then the R amp S ESR performs the FFT on all data blocks it has acquired The FFT pro cessing rate of the R amp S ESR is 250 000 FFTs per second The distinctive feature of a realtime analyzer is that it uses a particular amount of data more than once to get the measurement results It takes the first data block of 1024 samples and performs
50. In Spectrogram mode this command positions the specified delta marker on the next peak level of the x axis The search includes only the data to the left of the current marker position in the current frame It does not change the position of the deltamarker on the y axis Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Example CALC DELT2 MIN NEXT Sets delta marker 2 to the next higher minimum value CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum PEAK This command positions the delta marker to the current trace minimum The correspond ing delta marker is activated first if necessary In Spectrogram mode this command positions the specified delta marker on the next peak level of the x axis The search includes only the data to the left of the current marker position in the current frame It does not change the position of the deltamarker on the y axis User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 129 R amp S9ESR K55 Remote Control Commands Analysis Suffix n Selects the measurement window m Selects the marker Example CALC DELT3 MIN Sets delta marker 3 to the minimum value of the associated trace CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum RIGHt This command positions the delta marker to the next higher trace minimum on the right of the current value i e ascending X values The corresponding delta marker is activated first if necessary If no next higher min
51. NAME page 101 Defining the frequency mask span Define the span of the frequency mask The span defines the range that the frequency mask covers on the frequency axis Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MASK SPAN on page 101 Working with upper and lower lines A frequency mask may have an upper and a lower threshold with the signal in between The checkboxes next to the Upper Line and Lower Line buttons activate or deactivate the corresponding line Note that it is not possible to deactivate both lines You can select the line you want to edit with the Upper Line Lower Line buttons or by touching the corresponding area in the preview to apply any changes The buttons turn blue if a line is selected and the R amp S ESR shows the data points in the area covered by the mask in the preview pane Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MASK LOWer STATe on page 100 CALCulate lt n gt MASK UPPer STATe on page 102 Setting the trigger condition To make the trigger work you need to set a trigger condition with the Trigger Condi tion button The R amp S ESR supports four conditions Entering Activates the trigger as soon as the signal enters the frequency mask To arm the trigger the signal initially has to be outside the frequency mask Leaving Activates the trigger as soon as the signal leaves the frequency mask To arm the trigger the signal initially has to be inside the frequency mask Inside The tri
52. P PVvlP User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 131 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands mu M JJC m n p g Analysis CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam XY MAXimum PEAK This command positions the specified delta marker on the current peak level of the spec trogram The possible position depends on the deltamarker search area The command is available for the spectrogram For more information see CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam SARea on page 131 Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Example CALC DELT2 SGR SAR VIS CALC DELT2 SGR XY MAX Activates and positions delta marker 2 on the peak level in the visible Spectrogram Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam XY MINimum PEAK This command positions the specified delta marker on the current minimum level of the spectrogram The possible position depends on the deltamarker search area The command is available for the spectrogram For more information see CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam SARea on page 131 Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Example CALC DELT3 SGR SAR VIS CALC DELT3 SGR XY MIN Activates and positions delta marker 3
53. TRAC 3 TEST ASC Stores trace 3 in the file TEST ASC SENSe WINDow DETector trace FUNCtion Function This command selects the detector for the data acquisition in the selected trace Suffix trace 1 4 Selects the trace lt trace gt 1 6 trace Parameters Function NEGative POSitive SAMPle AVERage RST APEak Example DET POS Sets the detector to positive peak RE E SSSR Sz User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 106 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands Analysis TRACe lt n gt COPY lt TraceNumber gt lt TraceNumber gt This command copies data from one trace to another Suffix lt n gt window For applications that do not have more than 1 measure ment window the suffix lt n gt is irrelevant Parameters lt TraceNumber gt TRACE1 2 TRACES TRACE4 TRACES TRACE6 lt TraceNumber gt TRACE1 TRACE2 TRACE3 TRACE4 5 TRACE6 The first argument is the destination of the data to be copied the second argument describes the source Example TRAC COPY TRACE1 TRACE2 TRACe lt n gt DATA lt ResultType gt This command queries the current trace data or measurement results The data format depends on FORMat DATA on page 105 Parameters lt ResultType gt Selects the type of result to be returned TRACE6 Returns the trace data for the corresponding trace SPECtrogram SGRam Returns the results of
54. The mechanical attenuation can be set in 10 dB steps EI User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 55 R amp S ESR K55 Configuration an a a Common Measurement Settings The RF attenuation can be set in 5 dB steps with option R amp S FSV B25 1 dB steps The range is specified in the data sheet If the current reference level cannot be set for the set RF attenuation the reference level is adjusted accordingly The RF attenuation defines the level at the input mixer according to the formula levelmixer l VElinput RF attenuation Note The maximum mixer level allowed is 0 dBm Mixer levels above this value may lead to incorrect measurement results which are indicated by the OVLD status display The increased mixer level allows for an improved signal but also increases the risk of overloading the instrument Remote command INPut ATTenuation on page 89 RF Atten Auto Mech Att Auto Sets the RF attenuation automatically as a function of the selected reference level This ensures that the optimum RF attenuation is always used It is the default setting Remote command INPut ATTenuation AUTO on page 89 Ref Level Offset Opens an edit dialog box to enter the arithmetic level offset This offset is added to the measured level irrespective of the selected unit The scaling of the y axis is changed accordingly The setting range is 200 dB in 0 1 dB steps Remote command DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RL
55. Y SPACing on page 88 Range Lin Unit Range Selects linear scaling in dB for the level display range i e the horizontal lines are labeled in dB Markers are displayed in the selected unit Unit softkey Delta markers are displayed in dB referenced to the power value at the position of marker 1 Remote command DISP TRAC Y SPAC LDB see DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SPACing on page 88 Unit Opens the Unit submenu to select the unit for the level axis The default setting in spectrum mode is dBm If a transducer is switched on the softkey is not available In general the signal analyzer measures the signal voltage at the RF input The level display is calibrated in RMS values of an unmodulated sine wave signal In the default state the level is displayed at a power of 1 mW dBm Via the known input impedance 50 or 75 conversion to other units is possible The following units are available and directly convertible e dBm dBmV dByV dBpA dBpW Volt Ampere Watt Remote command CALCulate lt n gt UNIT POWer on page 86 Preamp On Off Switches the preamplifier on and off Remote command INPut GAIN STATe 89 RF Atten Manual Mech Att Manual Opens an edit dialog box to enter the attenuation irrespective of the reference level If electronic attenuation is activated option R amp S FSV B25 only El Atten Mode Auto soft key this setting defines the mechanical attenuation
56. a number of horizontal lines each one pixel high that are called time frames Like the trace of the realtime spectrum a spectrogram frame contains several FFTs The exact number of FFTs contained in a frame depends on the sweep time As the sweep time also sets the length of a realtime spectrum trace by default a frame in the spectrogram always corresponds to exactly one trace in single sweep mode in the realtime spectrum result display You can change this ratio by chang ing the sweep count In the default state a frame is added to the spectrogram after each sweep As the spec trogram in the R amp S ESR runs from top to bottom the outdated frame s move down one position so that the most recently recorded frame is always on top of the diagram The number of frames the R amp S ESR can display simultaneously is only limited by the vertical screen size The number of frames the R amp S ESR stores in its history memory is bigger It depends on the history depth you have set with the maximum being 100 000 You can then navigate to any of the frames stored in the history buffer E S e LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLILM User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 10 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays The Spectrogram Result Display CD Note that the R amp S ESR stores just the trace information in its memory not the I Q data itself For more information see chapter 2 2 3 1 Working with the Spect
57. at the first sweep point As opposed to INI Tiate lt n gt IMMediate this command does not reset traces in maxhold minhold or average mode Therefore it can be used to continue measurements using max hold or averaging functions In single sweep mode you can synchronize to the end of the measurement with OPC OPC or In continuous sweep mode synchronization to the end of the measure ment is not possible Thus it is not recommended that you use continuous sweep mode in remote control as results like trace data or markers are only valid after a single sweep end synchronization ENA User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 92 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands mL c eee ae nmi Configuration Suffix n irrelevant Example INIT CONT OFF Switches to single sweep mode DISP WIND TRAC MODE AVER Switches on trace averaging SWE COUN 20 Setting the sweep counter to 20 sweeps INIT WAI Starts the measurement and waits for the end of the 20 sweeps Continues the measurement next 20 sequences and waits for the end INITiate lt n gt CONTinuous State This command determines whether the trigger system is continuously initiated continu ous or performs single measurements single Suffix n irrelevant Parameters State ON OFF RST ON Mode all INITiate lt n gt IMMediate The command initiates a new measurement In case of a si
58. boolean gt ON OFF RST On Mode RT DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SUBWindow lt m gt TRACe lt t gt SYMBol lt style gt This command sets the display style of the persistence spectrum Parameters lt style gt DOTS Displays the data as dots The result is a persistence spectrum made up out of dots VECTor Interpolates the measurement points The result is an uninterrup ted persistence spectrum RST VECTor Example CALC3 FEED XFR HIST Activates the persistence spectrum in screen 3 with a vectorial display of the results DISP WIND3 TRAC SYMB DOTS Displays the persistence spectrum in the third measurement Screen as dots Mode RT Working with the Color Map DISPlay WINDew PSPectrum COLor DEfFaull 2 252 aiian i 76 DISPlay WINDow PSPectrum COLor LOWer eese nennen nennen nnn nnn reris 76 DISPlay WINDow PSPectrumrCOLor SHAPe 2 1 ee ih ade Re FLA done 76 DISPlay WINDow PSPectrum COLor TRUNCate sessi nennen esent 76 1 76 DISPlay WINDew PSPeetrmiCOLborESTYbLa 2 iaa aaa 77 E User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 75 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands mm Eee eee Measurements and Result Displays DISPlay WINDow PSPectr
59. defines the center frequency frequency domain or measuring frequency time domain Parameters Frequency Range 0 to fmax RST fmax 2 Default unit Hz iS specified in the data sheet min span is 10 Hz Example FREQ CENT 100 MHz SENSe FREQuency CENTer STEP lt StepSize gt This command defines the center frequency step size Parameters lt StepSize gt Range 1 to fmax RST 0 1 x lt span value gt Default unit Hz Example FREQ CENT STEP 120 MHz User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 83 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands b O M pm Configuration SENSe FREQuency CENTer STEP LINK lt CouplingType gt This command couples and decouples the center frequency step size to the span or the resolution bandwidth Parameters lt CouplingType gt SPAN Couples the step size to the span Available for measurements in the frequency domain RBW Couples the step size to the resolution bandwidth Available for measurements in the time domain OFF Decouples the step size manual input RST SPAN Example FREQ CENT STEP LINK SPAN SENSe FREQuency CENTer STEP LINK FACTor lt Factor gt This command defines a step size factor if the center frequency step size is coupled to the span or the resolution bandwidth Parameters lt Factor gt Range 1 to 100 RST 10 Default unit PCT Example FREQ CENT STEP LINK FACT 20PCT SENSe FR
60. display must exist in order to be able to select it RST SANalyzer Measurements and Result Displays Configuring Real Time Measurements SENSe lt n gt SWEep FF T WINDOWATY PE 01 23 eisai avira 71 CAL Culate sie FEED MC 72 7 0 0 1 4 041 00 01066 72 DISPlay WINDow SUBWindow ZOOM STATS ia 73 SENSe lt n gt SWEep FFT WINDow TYPE lt FFTWindow gt This command selects the type of FFT window that you want to use in realtime mode SS ST User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 71 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands aw a Measurements and Result Displays Parameters lt FFTWindow gt BLACkharris FLATtop GAUSsian HANNing KAlSerbessel RECTangular RST BLACkharris Example SWE FFT WIND TYPE HANN Selects the Hanning FFT window Mode RT CALCulate lt n gt FEED lt ResultDisplay gt This command selects the result display in realtime mode Parameters lt ResultDisplay gt XFRequency RFPower SPECtrum XFRequency SPECtrum Selects the realtime spectrum result display XFRequency RFPower SGRam XFRequency SGRam Selects the spectrogram result display XFRequency RFPower PSPectrum XFRequency PSPectrum Selects the persistence spectrum result display RST SPECtrum Example CALC FEED XFR PSP Starts th
61. eed aso ee sce dE npud nues 86 lt gt lt gt 5 100 aka 87 DISPlay WINDows n 7E TRAGest YE SCALS MODE 2 anuo arn ente nnn nnns 87 1 lt gt lt gt 88 1 lt gt lt gt 88 DISPlay WINDow n TRAOCest Y SPAQCIhng nineteenth 88 89 INPut ATTenuation AUTO tac ode ed Render hera de a aa 89 dle arseolt rm 89 INPOUGGAINSSTATE c 89 INPutIMPedaliGg iere eere Seduta aa 90 I SENSe POWeriNCORTFPecti b Rad ge delete dds 90 CALCulate lt n gt UNIT POWer Unit This command selects the unit of the y axis The unit applies to all measurement windows I E e LL LLL AALLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLULLLULLSX I User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 86 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands a Sa a RR RS Configuration Suffix lt n gt irrelevant Parameters lt Unit gt DBM V A W DBPW WATT DBUV DBMV VOLT DBUA AMPere RST dBm Example CALC UNIT POW DBM S
62. entering numerals not by using the DOWN command The attenuation can be set in 5 dB steps with option R amp S FSV B25 1 dB steps If the defined reference level cannot be set for the set RF attenuation the reference level is adjusted accordingly In the default state with Spectrum mode the attenuation set on the step attenuator is coupled to the reference level of the instrument If the attenuation is programmed directly the coupling to the reference level is switched off Parameters Value RST 10 dB AUTO is set to ON Example INP ATT 30dB Sets the attenuation on the attenuator to 30 dB and switches off the coupling to the reference level Mode all INPut ATTenuation AUTO State This command automatically couples the input attenuation to the reference level state ON or switches the input attenuation to manual entry state OFF Parameters State ON OFF RST ON Example INP ATT AUTO ON Couples the attenuation set on the attenuator to the reference level INPut COUPling lt CouplingType gt Toggles the RF input of the R amp S ESR between AC and DC coupling Parameters lt CouplingType gt AC DC RST AC Example INP COUP DC INPut GAIN STATe lt State gt This command turns the 20 dB preamplifier on and off N User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 89 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands Configuration Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example
63. get the displayed results Displaying the data From here on the data processing depends on the result display that you have selected The details for every available result displays are discussed below 3 2 Configuring Realtime Measurements Three distinctive parameters for realtime analysis are the span the sweep time and the resolution bandwidth The span and resolution bandwidth are directly coupled to each other 3 2 1 Configuring the Sweep The R amp S ESR provides various functions to configure the way it performs measurements In its default state the R amp S ESR continuously measures the signal that you have applied in the way described in chapter 3 1 Data Acquisition and Processing in a Realtime Analyzer on page 29 and according to the trigger settings User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 31 R amp S ESR K55 Measurement Basics 3 2 2 Configuring Realtime Measurements You can interrupt the continuous measurement with the Continuous Sweep Stop soft key if you want to examine a signal further To resume the continuous measurement use the Continuous Sweep Start softkey In single sweep mode on the other hand the R amp S ESR performs a finite number of sweeps The number of sweeps that the R amp S ESR performs depends on the sweep count defined with the Sweep Count softkey in the sweep menu If you set the sweep count to 0 or 1 the R amp S ESR performs one sweep One sweep corresponds to the sweep time Yo
64. in use Again in telecommunications systems that use frequency hopping techniques you can use the spectrogram to monitor the settling time to a new frequency after the channel switching User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 11 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays 2 2 3 2 2 3 1 The Spectrogram Result Display The spectrogram is also suited for more general measurement tasks like measuring the settling time of a DUT or the detection of the time and statistical frequency of interfering signals Configuring the Spectrogram The spectrogram has two distinctive features information over a period of time and the colors That means that it is important that you can customize various things concerning these two features TRACe lt n gt DATA on page 107 MMEMory STORe SGRam on page 81 Working with the Spectrogram History In realtime mode the spectrogram provides a record of the spectrum without gaps Because the R amp S ESR stores the history of the spectrum in its memory you can analyze the data in detail at a later time by recalling one of the spectrums in the spectrogram history Defining the History Depth The History Depth softkey defines the number of frames that the R amp S ESR stores in its memory The maximum history depth is 100 000 frames It is possible to recall the realtime traces to any of the frames that the R amp S ESR has in its memory For more information see chapter 2 1 2 Applic
65. is the way the realtime spectrum analyzer gets its data CALCulate lt n gt FEED on page 72 Displaying the data The evaluation of the final displayed results again is standard spectrum analyzer func tionality The R amp S ESR combines a spectrum consisting of 801 measurement points and adjusts them to the number of pixels that the display has The way it evaluates the final results that you see on the display depends on the type of detector that you have set For more information refer to chapter 3 5 Detector Overview on page 43 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 7 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays 2 1 1 The Realtime Spectrum Result Display As the number of FFTs is considerably higher than the sweep time the R amp S ESR com bines several FFTs in one trace The number of FFTs combined in a trace at a bandwidth of 40 MHz depends on the sweep time and is according to the following formula N SweepTime sec 250 000f 77 sec Screen Layout of the Realtime Spectrum Result Display 2 CF 98 5 MHz 1 Window number shows the window of the result display through D 2 7 Trace information includes trace mode and detector 3 Trace diagram 4 Markers Mx for normal markers and Dx for deltamarkers 5 Marker information trace number marker frequency and corresponding amplitude 6 Realtime trace yellow line 7 Cente
66. level Parameters lt SumBit gt Range 0 to 65535 6 5 3 5 Controlling the Negative Transition Part For more information on the positive transition part see chapter 6 5 1 Structure of a SCPI Status Register on page 139 STATus OPERation NTRansition lt SumBit gt STATus QUEStionable NTRansition lt SumBit gt STATus QUEStionable FREQuency NTRansition lt SumBit gt STATus QUEStionable LIMit lt n gt NTRansition lt SumBit gt STATus QUEStionable LMARgin lt n gt NTRansition lt SumBit gt STATus QUEStionable POWer NTRansition lt SumBit gt STATus QUEStionable TIME NTRansition lt SumBit gt These commands control the Negative TRansition part of a register Setting a bit causes 1 to 0 transition in the corresponding bit of the associated register The transition also writes a 1 into the associated bit of the corresponding EVENt register Parameters lt SumBit gt Range 0 to 65535 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 146 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands b Status Registers 6 5 3 6 Controlling the Positive Transition Part For more information on the negative transition part see chapter 6 5 1 Structure of a SCPI Status Register on page 139 STATus OPERation PTRansition lt SumBit gt STATus QUEStionable PTRansition lt SumBit gt STATus QUEStionable FREQuency PTRansition lt SumBit gt STATus QUEStionable LIMit lt n gt PTRansition lt SumBit gt STATus QUEStionable LMARgin lt n gt PT
67. lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Example CALC DELT2 SGR Y MIN Activates and positions delta marker 2 on the minimum level of the y axis Usage Event CALCulate n DELTamarker m SGRam Y TRIGger This command positions a marker in the spectrogram on the most recent trigger event Suffix n 1 4 Selects the measurement window Usage Event Using the Marker Search CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt ii gt X SLIMNS 136 lt gt lt gt 5 137 lt gt lt gt 51 5 2220000 nnne 137 lt gt lt gt 51 5 2 138 toe re ter ret ree e 138 lt gt 138 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X SLIMits LEFT Limit This command sets the left limit of the marker search range Ifthe power measurement in zero span is active this command limits the evaluation range to the trace Note The function is only available if the search limit for marker and delta marker is switched on see CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X SLIMits STATe Suffix n Selects the measurement window m irrelevant Parameters Limit T
68. mode CALCulate lt n gt SGRam FRAMe SELect on page 78 Using the Time Stamp The time stamp shows the time information of the selected frame The length of one frame corresponds to the sweep time If the time stamp is active the time stamp shows the time and date the selected frame was recorded To select a specific frame you have to enter the time in seconds relative to the frame that was recorded last An active time stamp is the default configuration If you deactivate the time stamp with the Time Stamp On Off softkey the time infor mation is an index The index is also relative to the frame that was recorded last which has the index number 0 The index ends with a negative number that corresponds to the history depth To select a specific frame you have to enter the index number of the frame you want to analyze CALCulate lt n gt SGRam TSTamp STATe on page 80 CALCulate lt n gt SGRam TSTamp DATA on page 79 Exporting the Spectrogram Data The R amp S ESR allows you to export the spectrogram data to an ASCII file When you export the spectrogram to an ASCII file the R amp S ESR writes the complete contents in its memory to an ASCII file The amount of data depends on the history depth To export the spectrogram the spectrogram window has to be in focus blue frame To perform the export itself use the ASCII Trace Export softkey in the Trace menu File size Depending on the contents of the capture buf
69. mode provides measurement and display functions for digital I Q sig nals For more information on functionality available for the Receiver mode see the documen tation of the R amp S ESR Real Time Mode In Real Time mode the R amp S ESR performs measurements in the frequency spectrum of a test signal without losing any signal data You can evaluate the measurement results in several result displays that are designed for the realtime analysis and complement one another Real Time analysis is available with firmware application R amp S ESR K55 and hardware option R amp S ESR B50 SCPI command INST RTIM Measurement Mode Root Menus HOME Key The HOME key provides a quick access to the root menu of the current measurement mode User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 6 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays The Realtime Spectrum Result Display 2 Measurements and Result Displays The R amp S ESR when operated in realtime mode has several result displays You can select a result display with one of the softkeys in the Home menu that you can access via the key An alternative way to configure the display is the Display Configura tion dialog box that you can open with the Display Config softkey The dialog box has four tabs Screen A through D to configure up to four result displays In the default state Screen A and Screen B are active and show the realtime spectrum and the spectrogram respectively You ca
70. nnne nnt 66 Marker NO ee tratte ot a etna eoe d 66 Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 Marker 16 Marker Norm Delta The Marker X softkey activates the corresponding marker and opens an edit dialog box to enter a value for the marker to be set to Pressing the softkey again deactivates the selected marker If a marker value is changed using the rotary knob the step size is defined via the Stepsize Standard or Stepsize Sweep Points softkeys Marker 1 is always the reference marker for relative measurements If activated markers 2 to 16 are delta markers that refer to marker 1 These markers can be converted into markers with absolute value display using the Marker Norm Delta softkey If marker 1 is the active marker pressing the Marker Norm Delta softkey switches on an additional delta marker Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt STATe on page 109 CALCulate n MARKercm X on page 110 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt Y on page 111 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt STATe on page 113 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt X page 114 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt X RELative on page 114 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt Y on page 115 More Markers Opens a sub menu to select one of up to 16 available markers See Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker 3 Marker 16 Marker Norm Delta on page 63 Current Maxhold Selects the
71. number of spectrogram frames that the R amp S ESR saves For more information see Defining the History Depth on page 12 Remote command CALCulate lt n gt SGRam HDEPth on page 79 Frame Count Defines the number of frames contained in a single sweep User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 47 R amp S9ESR K55 Configuration pme SSS EEEEIEEELLILLLLLLLLZDEZILLIENELOE i Common Measurement Settings For more information see Defining a Frame Count on page 12 Remote command CALCulate lt n gt SGRam FRAMe COUNt on page 78 Clear Spectrogram Deletes the contents of the spectrogram For more information see Clearing the Spectrogram on page 13 Remote command CALCulate n SGRam CLEar IMMediate on page 77 Time Stamp On Off Turns the display of the time information for a particular frame on and off For more information see Using the Time Stamp on page 13 Remote command CALCulate lt n gt SGRam TSTamp STATe on page 80 4 3 Common Measurement Settings Common measurement settings are settings that have an effect on the measurement regardless of the result display you are currently using except where noted e Configuring the SWODD une iie dicen e cene eder 48 e Defining the Horizontal Diagram 5 22 2 lt lt ttt iniit ne inno 50 e De
72. of a SCPI Status Register on page 139 STATus OPERation CONDition STATus QUEStionable CONDition STATus QUEStionable FREQuency CONDition STATus QUEStionable LIMit lt n gt CONDition I User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 145 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands mmAm EE ERR Status Registers STATus QUEStionable LMARgin n CONDition STATus QUEStionable POWer CONDition STATus QUEStionable TIME CONDition These commands read out the CONDition section of the status register The commands do not delete the contents of the EVENt section Usage Query only 6 5 3 4 Controlling the ENABle Part For more information on the enable part see chapter 6 5 1 Structure of a SCPI Status Register on page 139 STATus OPERation ENABle lt SumBit gt STATus QUEStionable ENABle lt SumBit gt STATus QUEStionable FREQuency ENABle lt SumBit gt STATus QUEStionable LIMit lt n gt ENABle lt SumBit gt STATus QUEStionable LMARgin lt n gt ENABle lt SumBit gt STATus QUEStionable POWer ENABle lt SumBit gt STATus QUEStionable TIME ENABle lt SumBit gt These commands control the ENABle part of a register The ENABle part allows true conditions in the EVENt part of the status register to bere ported in the summary bit If a bit is 1 in the enable register and its associated event bit transitions to true a positive transition will occur in the summary bit reported to the next higher
73. of the bandwidth This ensures that the oscillator step speed is conform to the hardware settling times and does not affect the precision of the measured power The number of measured values taken during a sweep is independent of the number of oscillator steps It is always selected as a multiple or a fraction of 691 default number of trace points displayed on the screen Choosing less then 691 measured values e g 125 or 251 will lead to an interpolated measurement curve choosing more than 691 points e g 1001 2001 will result in several measured values being overlaid at the same frequency position O RMS detector and VBW If the RMS detector is selected the video bandwidth in the hardware is bypassed Thus duplicate trace averaging with small VBWs and RMS detector no longer occurs However the VBW is still considered when calculating the sweep time This leads to a longer sweep time for small VBW values Thus you can reduce the VBW value to achieve more stable trace curves even when using an RMS detector Normally if the RMS detector is used the sweep time should be increased to get more stable trace curves 3 6 ASCII File Export Format The data of the file header consist of three columns each separated by a semicolon parameter name numeric value basic unit The data section starts with the keyword Trace lt n gt n number of stored trace followed by the measured data in one or several columns depending on m
74. of the deltamarker 4 Level of the marker position relative to the marker in case of the deltamarker All results concerning normal markers are absolute values frequency level and time information while results of the deltamarker are relative to the normal marker Markers and deltamarkers in the realtime spectrum result display are always coupled to the spectrogram and vice versa no matter if you are viewing both at the same time or not In the realtime spectrum markers have the form of a triangle 7 As long as the spec trogram is running markers are not available in the realtime spectrum If you stop the spectrogram by switching to single sweep mode or by interrupting the continuous sweep mode markers become available for the realtime spectrum You can then select a par ticular frame in the spectrogram to recall the corresponding realtime spectrum and place the markers there The markers of spectrogram and realtime spectrum are always synchronized in time Markers in the spectrogram look like diamonds You can set them on any frame stored in the spectrogram history and on any frequency you want No matter the sweep mode they will be visible and stay where you have put them If you place them too far in the past or too far from each other vertically or horizontally however it may be that one SS ST User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 41 R amp S ESR K55 Measurement Basics 3 4 2 Using Markers or more markers are
75. on the minimum level in the visible Spectrogram Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam Y MAXimum ABOVe This command positions the specified delta marker on the next peak level of the vertical axis The search includes only frames above the current marker position It does not change the horizontal position of the delta marker The command is available for the spectrogram e User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 132 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands ee ee a ed Analysis Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Example CALC DELT2 SGR Y MAX Activates and positions delta marker 2 on the peak level of the y axis CALC DELT2 SGR Y MAX ABOV Positions delta marker 2 on the next higher level found in the dia gram area above the current marker position Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam Y MAXimum BELow This command positions the specified delta marker on the next peak level of the vertical axis The search includes only frames below the current marker position It does not change the horizontal position of the delta marker The command is available for the spectrogram Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Example CALC DELT2 SGR Y MAX Activates and positions delta marker 2 on the peak level of the y axis CALC DELT2 SGR Y MAX B
76. other trigger modes Available trigger sources e External Activate and define a power level for the external trigger by pressing the Time Domain Trigger softkey in the trigger menu e Free Run Turns off all trigger sources For more information see e Free Run on page 58 e External on page 59 3 3 4 Using Pre and Posttrigger When using a trigger you can set a Pretrigger and a Posttrigger period with the cor responding softkeys Each can last up to three seconds Both combined however cannot be longer than four seconds Example If the pretrigger has a length of 3 seconds the posttrigger can last a maximum of 1 second User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 39 R amp S ESR K55 Measurement Basics a a a Using Markers 3 3 5 Rearming the Trigger and Stopping on Trigger Auto Rearm By default a trigger event causes the R amp S ESR to start a measurement and to immedi ately rearm the trigger In that case measurements are continuously triggered and mea surement results may become obsolete in a very short time The pre and posttrigger periods are completely displayed Stop on Trigger However you may be interested in the results after the first trigger event only To do so you can activate the Stop on Trigger feature If active this feature does not rearm the trigger after the first trigger event has occured and stop the measurement after one sweep The measurement results will remain on the display If a p
77. possible to select between separators decimal point comma using the Decim Sep softkey see Decim Sep on page 62 Remote command FORMat DEXPort DSEParator on page 106 MMEMory STORe lt n gt TRACe on page 106 Decim Sep Selects the decimal separator with floating point numerals for the ASCII Trace export to support evaluation programs e g MS Excel in different languages The values dec imal point comma can be set Remote command FORMat DEXPort DSEParator on page 106 EN User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 62 R amp S ESR K55 Analysis Using Markers 5 2 Using Markers 5 2 1 Configuring Markers Marker 1 Marker 2 Marker Marker 16 Marker Norm Delta 63 More MafKGts etn era dn n eei ec enn de ex ER seta cesi adn deri Se aa ad 63 OurrembMSxnold d Reed KEDE 63 Maker to TAGES uses rer eere crai mr ert e rr dee S 64 Markor VVIZAfG a ce Sie pad ad 64 AS 65 AM MaTKOE Off A a ea Da S Ra GE 65 KaKo TEIG e en 65 Markor SOPSIZO e 65 L Stepsize Standard c ccccccccccccccssssscscscscssecssssssscscssscesscssssssessssssssesessssseseseeeesens 65 L Stepsize Sweep Points
78. second Using the Frequency Mask Trigger Programming example TRIG SOUR MASK Selects the frequency mask as a trigger source MMEM MDIR C R_S instr freqmask MyMasks CALC MASK CDIR MyMasks Creates a directory on C called FregMasks and selects it as the frequency mask directory Defining the shape of a lower frequency mask CALC MASK NAME MyMask Creates or loads a frequency mask called MyMask CALC MASK COMM Customized Frequency Mask Adds a comment to the frequency mask TRIG MASK COND ENT Triggers the measurement when the signal enters the frequency mask CALC MASK MODE ABS Selects absolute power level values CALC MASK LOW 10MBHZ 10 4MHZ 10 4MBHZ 20 4MHZ 20 4MHZ 10 10MBZ 10 Defines a lower frequency mask with 6 data points The first data point position is at 10 MHz from the center frequency I User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 97 Configuration and at 10 dBm the second at 4 MHz from the center frequency etc CALC MASK LOW SHIF X 1MHZ CALC MASK LOW SHIF Y 10 Shifts the lower frequency mask by 1 MHz to the right and 10 dB up CALC MASK LOW STAT ON Turns the lower frequency mask on Defining the shape of an upper frequency mask CALC MASK NAME AnotherMask Creates or loads a frequency mask called AnotherMask CALC MASK MODE ABS Selects absolute power level values CALC MASK UPP 10MBZ 10 4MHZ 10 4MBZ 20 4MHZ
79. the FFT on it The second and all subsequent data blocks how ever do not start at the next sample in the case of the second block the 1025th but at an earlier one In fact all data except the first few samples is processed more than once and overlapped to get the results ERREUR I e LLICGDLBLLLLLLLLLLALLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLULULUULULXX g User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 30 R amp S ESR K55 Measurement Basics Configuring Realtime Measurements At full span 40 MHz this overlap of the FFTs is 80 That means the second data block the R amp S ESR performs the FFT on covers the last 8096 of the data of the first FFT with onl 2096 new data The third data block still covers 60 of the first data block and 80 of the second data block and so on Fig 3 4 Overlapping FFTs The percentage of the overlap depends on the sampling rate and therefore on the span that you have set With a span of 40 MHz the overlap is 80 If you reduce the span the FFT machine tries to keep the FFT processing rate and increases teh overlap accord ingly In that way the overlap can increase up to a value of 1023 overlapping samples out of 1024 samples After the FFT is done and the spectrums have been calculated the result is a stream of spectrums without information loss For every spectrum the R amp S ESR gets 1024 mea surement points However because of data reduction and the filter slope of the DDC it only uses 801 points to
80. the second intermediate frequency IMMediate Selects the free run mode no trigger MASK Selects the frequency mask trigger TDTRigger Selects the time domain trigger TIME Selects the time trigger viDeo Selects the video trigger The video trigger is available for time domain measurements RST IMMediate Example TRIG SOUR EXT Selects the external trigger input as source of the trigger signal TRIGger lt n gt SEQuence TDTRigger LEVel lt TriggerLevel gt This command sets the trigger level for the time domain trigger Parameters lt TriggerLevel gt Default unit dBm Example TRIG TDTR LEV 0 Sets a trigger level of 0 dBm Mode RT E User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 96 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands 6 3 5 2 Configuration TRIGger SEQuence POSTtrigger TIME lt Time gt This command defines the length of the posttrigger Parameters lt Time gt Length of the posttrigger in seconds Note that the pre and posttrigger combined may not be longer than 4 seconds Range 0s to 3s RST 60 ms Example TRIG POST 1s Selects a posttrigger time of 1 second TRIGger SEQuence PRETrigger TIME Time This command defines the length of the pretrigger Parameters Time Length of the pretrigger in seconds Note that the pre and posttrigger combined may not be longer than 4 seconds Range 0s to 3s RST 60 ms Example TRIG PRE 1s Selects a pretrigger time of 1
81. the spectrogram result display For every frame in the spectrogram the command returns the power levels that have been measured one for each sweep point The number of frames depends on the size of the history depth The power level depends on the unit you have currently set PSPectrum Returns the results of the persistence spectrum result display The command returns 801 600 percentages one for each pixel in the histogram HMAXhold Returns the results of the maxhold trace in the persistence spec trum result display The command returns 801 600 percentages one for each pixel in the maxhold trace Example TRAC PSP Returns the results of the persistence spectrum result display 6 4 2 Using Markers e Configuring Markers and Delta 108 Positionii Markers eisdem Lies 116 e Positioning Markers in the 121 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 107 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands 6 4 2 1 Analysis e Positioning Delta 127 e Positioning Delta Markers in the 130 e Using the Marker Searcli crease 136 Configuring Markers and Delta Markers CAL Culate lt n MARK erm AUF Pesci 1 vaso epe PERLE Ree Ye
82. to 1 the associated PTR bit decides whether the EVENt bit is set to 1 PTR bit 1 the EVENt bit is set PTR bit 0 the EVENt bit is not set This part can be written into and read as required Its contents are not affected by reading The Negative TRansition part also acts as a transition filter When a bit of the CONDition part is changed from 1 to 0 the associated NTR bit decides whether the EVENt bit is set to 1 NTR bit 71 the EVENt bit is set NTR bit 0 the EVENt bit is not set This part can be written into and read as required Its contents are not affected by reading EVENt The EVENt part indicates whether an event has occurred since the last reading it is the memory of the condition part It only indicates events passed on by the transition filters It is permanently updated by the instrument This part can only be read by the user Reading the register clears it This part is often equated with the entire register ENABle The 1 part determines whether the associated EVENt bit contributes to the sum bit see below Each bit of the EVENt part is ANDed with the associated 1 bit symbol amp The results of all logical operations of this part are passed on to the sum bit via an OR function symbol 1 bit 0 the associated EVENt bit does not contribute to the sum bit ENAB Le bit 1 if t
83. trace current ot maxhold the marker is positioned on E User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 63 R amp S ESR K55 Analysis eS SS UR NN Using Markers Available for the persistence spectrum Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt TRACe on page 109 Marker to Trace Opens an edit dialog box to enter the number of the trace on which the marker is to be placed Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt TRACe on page 109 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt TRACe on page 113 Marker Wizard Opens a configuration dialog for markers The marker wizard allows you to configure and activate up to 16 different markers in one dialog The first 8 markers are displayed on one tab the last 8 markers on a second tab For each marker the following settings are available Marker Configuration x Marker 1 8 2 o lt gt x 0 ty Selected State on off vor On Off on off on off Delta4 on off za Norma HE Delta7 On off Normale mc EM Deltas 1 Selected When you press the Selected or State field the corresponding State marker is activated and the marker row is highlighted gt Delta zeli IEE 3 ae b o m 4 Delta 4 Delta Delta Z 3
84. trace with the Maxhold Reset softkey The R amp S ESR then starts to build the maxhold trace again DISPlay WINDow SUBWindow TRACe MAXHold RESet on page 73 Turning off the maxhold trace To turn off the maxhold trace set the maxhold intensity to zero DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SUBWindow lt m gt TRACe lt t gt MAXHold INTensity on page 74 E User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 27 R amp S9ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays maxamm UUUU C H 4 Hq G sts The Persistence Spectrum Result Display 2 3 3 3 Selecting the Style of the Trace The R amp S ESR offers two styles that you can apply to the persistence spectrum vectorial or dotted display Select the style of the trace with the Style Vec Dots softkey The vectorial display of the measurement results is an interpolation of all the individual points and therefore an interpolation of densities The result is a persistence spectrum that contains no gaps between coordinates Each point of the histogram is connected to the neighboring ones The dotted display on the other hand plots and colors only those coordinates where data has been actually measured The result is a histogram made up out of literally thousands of individual points x are the measured points x are the interpolated points that are added in vector style Fig 2 9 Dotted trace style vs V
85. 1 measure ment window the suffix n is irrelevant SS User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 104 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands o_a u Analysis lt gt trace Parameters State ON The automatic reset is switched off OFF After certain parameter changes the traces are reset RST OFF Example DISP WIND TRAC3 MODE HCON ON Switches off the reset function DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt STATe State This command switches on or off the display of the corresponding trace The other meas urements are not aborted but continue running in the background Suffix n window For applications that do not have more than 1 measure ment window the suffix n is irrelevant lt gt trace Parameters State ON OFF RST ON for TRACe1 OFF for TRACe2 to 6 Example DISP TRAC3 ON FORMat DATA Format This command selects the data format for the data transmitted from the R amp S ESR to the controlling computer It is used for the transmission of trace data The data format of trace data received by the instrument is automatically recognized regardless of the format which is programmed Parameters Format ASCii ASCII data are transmitted in plain text separated by commas REAL REAL data are transmitted as 32 bit IEEE 754 floating point num bers in the definite length block format RST ASCII Example FORM REAL 32 FORM ASC User Man
86. 18 Next Peak Sets the active marker delta marker to the next maximum of the selected trace Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum NEXT on page 118 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum NEXT on page 127 EN User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 66 R amp S ESR K55 Analysis Using Markers Center Mkr Freq span gt 0 Sets the center frequency to the current marker or delta marker frequency A signal can thus be set to as center frequency for example to examine it in detail with a smaller span Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion CENTer on page 116 Ref Lvl Mkr Lvl Sets the reference level to the current marker level Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt FUNCtion REFerence on page 116 Marker to Trace Opens an edit dialog box to enter the number of the trace on which the marker is to be placed Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt TRACe on page 109 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt TRACe on 113 Min Sets the active marker delta marker to the minimum of the selected trace Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum PEAK on page 120 Next Min Sets the active marker delta marker to the next minimum of the selected trace Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum NEXT on page 120 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum NEXT on page 129
87. 31 Remote command INITiate n IMMediate on page 93 Continue Single Sweep Initiates a single sweep that includes the data of previous measurements in the trace averaging process For more information see chapter 3 2 1 Configuring the Sweep on page 31 Persistence spectrum only Remote command INITiate lt n gt CONMeas on page 92 Select Frame Selects a particular frame number of the spectrogram For more information see chapter 2 2 3 1 Working with the Spectrogram History on page 12 Spectrogram measurements only Remote command CALCulate lt n gt SGRam FRAMe SELect on page 78 Sweeptime Manual F T Auto Defines the sweep time for measurements in the frequency domain F or time domain T You can define the sweep time manually or automatically For more information see chapter 3 2 2 Setting the Sweep Time on page 32 Remote command Manual sweeptime SENSe SWEep TIME on page 94 Automatic sweeptime SENSe SWEep TIME AUTO on page 94 Sweep Count Defines the number of sweeps performed during a single sweep sequence For more information see chapter 3 2 1 Configuring the Sweep on page 31 Remote command SENSe SWEep COUNt on page 94 EN User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 49 R amp S ESR K55 Configuration 4 3 2 Common Measurement Settings Continue Frame On Off Turns automatic clearing of the spectrogram contents after each sweep on and o
88. Amplitude menu press the AMPT key on the R amp S ESR front panel PROT GVO 53 ato mE 53 L RangeLog a aan aud d ret erii dna 53 L Range Log 50 dB isse secet tn tata a n ata tasa ta seb ap anth ab ab n 53 L ense Lon TO MB iis eie deas iens at m pobre sp RM ca ned 54 M 0 18 MC 54 ade DUM Mta UE frd 54 L Range Log Mantal sireisas a e R 54 BEIC oL TE ie ENNIO i 54 L Range Lin Db recto PD ba a bet 55 M 55 Preamp ON m 55 RF Atten Manual Mech Att aaa Eai 55 RF Alten Auto Mech Att AUO n EE T 56 Rof Level ONSET 56 Ref Level POSITION nianna a niaaa a 56 GHT ABIRE MEE 56 Noise m 56 MU TE 57 ferte oc OT 57 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 52 R amp S9ESR K55 Configuration pec H BBBREEBREEEEEEEIEEUUEUEE OU Common Measurement Settings Ref Level Opens an edit dialog box to enter the reference level the current unit dBm dByV etc The reference level is the maximum value the AD converter can handle without distortion of the measured value Signal levels above this value will not be measur
89. C SGR CONT ON Repeats the single sweep measurement without deleting the results of the last measurement CALCulate lt n gt SGRam FRAMe COUNt lt Frames gt This command sets the number of frames to be recorded in a single sweep User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 91 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands a Sa a SQ Configuration Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window Parameters lt Frames gt The maximum number of frames depends on the CALCulate lt n gt SGRam HDEPth on page 79 Range 1 to depends on history depth Increment 1 RST 1 Example INIT CONT OFF Selects single sweep mode CALC SGR FRAM COUN 200 Sets the number of frames to 200 CALCulate lt n gt SGRam FRAMe SELect lt Frame gt This command selects a specific frame for further analysis The command is available only if no measurement is running or after a single sweep has ended Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window Parameters lt Frame gt frame number if time stamp is off Selects the frame The range is 0 number of recorded frames 1 time if time stamp is on Time distance in seconds It selects the frame that is x seconds away from frame 0 Example INIT CONT OFF Stop the continuous sweep CALC SGR FRAM SEL 25 Selects frame number 25 INITiate lt n gt CONMeas This command restarts a measurement that has been stopped in single sweep mode The measurement is restarted
90. EL Positions delta marker 2 on the next higher level found in the dia gram area below the current marker position Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam Y MAXimum NEXT This command positions the specified delta marker on the next peak level of the vertical axis The search includes frames above and below the current marker position It does not change the horizontal position of the delta marker The command is available for the spectrogram Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker E User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 133 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands map m M up Analysis Example CALC DELT2 SGR Y MAX Activates and positions delta marker 2 on the peak level of the y axis CALC DELT2 SGR Y MAX NEXT Positions delta marker 2 on the next higher level Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam Y MAXimum PEAK This command positions the specified delta marker on the current peak level of the ver tical axis The search is performed over all frames It does not change the horizontal position of the deltamarker The command is available for the spectrogram Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Example CALC DELT2 SGR Y MA
91. EQuency OFFSet lt Offset gt This command defines the frequency offset Parameters lt Offset gt Range 100 GHz to 100 GHz RST 0 Hz Default unit Hz Example FREQ OFFS 1GHZ SENSe FREQuency SPAN lt Span gt This command defines the frequency span Parameters lt Span gt RST fmax Example FREQ SPAN 10MHz RETE e e A A A L LL LALLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLULLUU SXSM XJ User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 84 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands 6 3 2 Configuration SENSe FREQuency SPAN FULL This command sets the frequency span to its maximum Example FREQ SPAN FULL SENSe FREQuency STARt lt Frequency gt This command defines the start frequency for measurements in the frequency domain Parameters lt Frequency gt 0 to fmax min span RST 0 Example FREQ STAR 20MHz SENSe FREQuency STOP Frequency This command defines the stop frequency for measurements in the frequency domain Parameters Frequency min span to fmax RST fmax Example FREQ STOP 2000 MHz Selecting the Measurement Bandwidth Commands related to the bandwidth described elsewhere SENSe SWEep TIME SENSe SWEep TIME AUTO SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution ccce tentes 85 SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution AUTO centres 86 SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution RATiO eecccccncn ntes 86 SENSe
92. EVel OFFSet on page 88 Ref Level Position Opens an edit dialog box to enter the reference level position i e the position of the maximum AD converter value on the level axis The setting range is from 200 to 200 0 corresponding to the lower and 100 to the upper limit of the diagram Grid Abs Rel Switches between absolute and relative scaling of the level axis not available with Linear range Abs Absolute scaling The labeling of the level lines refers to the absolute value of the reference level Absolute scaling is the default setting Rel Relative scaling The upper line of the grid is always at 0 dB The scaling is in dB whereas the reference level is always in the set unit for details on unit settings see the Unit softkey Remote command DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe MODE on page 87 Noise Correction If activated the results are corrected by the instrument s inherent noise which increases the dynamic range User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 56 R amp S ESR K55 Configuration a a Common Measurement Settings ON A reference measurement of the instrument s inherent noise is carried out The noise power measured is then subtracted from the power in the channel that is being examined The inherent noise of the instrument depends on the selected center frequency resolution bandwidth and level setting Therefore the cor rection function is disabled whenever one of th
93. F Stepsize remote control 83 Continue Single Sweep remote control 92 COPY Trate Lerner 62 Copy Trace remote control 2 107 55 dByV 55 dBm 55 55 sn e Decir SOP ott re Detector Manual Select remote control Deviation Lin Log remote control Exclude LO remote control External m Fast ACLR On Off remote control lid Full Span remote control Grid Abs Rel Grid Abs Rel remote control Input 50 W 75 W remote control Left Limit remote control Limits On Off remote control i Link Mrk1 and Delta1 remote control Manual remote control Marker 1 Marker 2 16 2 Marker 1 remote control Marker 1 16 creep Marker 1 to 4 remote control Marker 2 remote control Marker 3 remote control P Marker 4 remote control Marker Norm Delta see Marker Norm Delta remote control Marker Stepsize 020 4 Ma
94. IME lt Time gt This command defines the sweep time The range depends on the frequency span Parameters lt Time gt refer to data sheet For R amp S ESR spectrum analyzers with an FMR7 CPU board order no 1091 3204 with R amp S ESR firmware lt 1 80 only and 1 GByte RAM the maximum capture time is 600 ms Otherwise it is 1s RST AUTO is set to ON Example SWE TIME 10s SENSe SWEep TIME AUTO lt State gt In realtime mode this command automatically sets the sweep time to 32 ms In analyzer mode this command controls the automatic coupling of the sweep time to the frequency span and bandwidth settings If SENSe SWEep TIME is used automatic coupling is switched off Parameters State ON OFF RST ON Example SWE TIME AUTO ON Activates automatic sweep time User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 94 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands Configuration 6 3 5 Triggering Measurements 6 3 5 1 Using General Trigger Functions TRIG GeRMODE dH m 95 TRIGgersns SEQuence HOLBotff TIME added 95 gt 81 2 2 kkektuese 95 MsIGgerensroEQuence SOURCE nosiniai aa a a EREMO ANON 96 TRiGger lt n gt SEQuence TOT Rigger E EV cete creer eater edat raa sen ce En due 96 TRIGser SEQuence E POSTtiggerLTIME
95. INP GAIN STAT ON Turns the preamplifier on INPut IMPedance Impedance This command selects the nominal input impedance 75 should be selected if the 50 input impedance is transformed to a higher impedance using a 75 adapter of the RAZ type 25 in series to the input impedance of the instrument The correction value in this case is 1 76 dB 10 log 750 500 Parameters Impedance 50 75 RST 50 O Example INP IMP 75 SENSe POWer NCORrection lt Mode gt This command turns noise cancellation on and off If noise cancellation is on the R amp S ESR performs a reference measurement to determine its inherent noise and subtracts the result from the channel power measurement result first active trace only The inherent noise of the instrument depends on the selected center frequency resolu tion bandwidth and level setting Therefore the correction function is disabled whenever one of these parameters is changed A corresponding message is displayed on the screen Noise correction must be turned on again manually after the change Parameters lt Mode gt ON Performs noise correction OFF Performs no noise correction AUTO Performs noise correction After a parameter change noise correction is restarted automati cally and a new correction measurement is performed RST OFF Example POW NCOR ON EN User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 90 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands Configuration 6
96. ISPlay WINDow PSPectrum COLor STYLe lt ColorScheme gt This command sets the color scheme for the persistance spectrum Parameters lt ColorScheme gt HOT COLD RADar GREYscale RST HOT Example DISP WIND HIST COL GREY Changes the color scheme of the persistance spectrum to black and white Using the Spectrogram Result Display Configuring the Spectrogram CALCulate n SGRam CLEar IMMediate This command resets the Spectrogram result display and clears the history buffer Suffix n 1 4 Selects the measurement window Example CALC SGR CLE Resets the result display and clears the memory Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt SGRam CONT lt State gt This command determines whether the results of the last measurement are deleted before starting new measurement in single sweep mode Suffix n 1 4 Selects the measurement window LUU User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 77 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands mL X nm npnM nang Measurements and Result Displays Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example INIT CONT OFF Selects single sweep mode INIT WAI Starts the sweep and waits for the end of the sweep CALC SGR CONT ON Repeats the single sweep measurement without deleting the results of the l
97. L 5 LMARgh 6 FAIL LMARgh 5 FAIL LMARgh 4 FAIL 2 LMARga FAIL ram 1 LMARga 2 FAIL P 0 0 LMARga 1 FAIL STATus OPE Ration TATUus QUE t one bie LMARgin 1 4 _ Y d tused m o 2 SRE STe g g e Extemal RE Ference 7 UM SFAIL 7 FAIL 5 tEQuency UM 6 FAIL m UME SFAIL 3 4FAIL 2 UM 3FAIL 1 2 FAIL LO 0 UM 1FAIL OVEN COLD m Error Event Output Real Time Loss Queue Buffer ESE STATUS QUE Stionabie TI ME Fig 6 2 Overview of status registers in realtime mode STATus OPERation Register The STATus OPERation register contains information about actions the R amp S ESR is currently executing It also contains information about the actions the R amp S ESR has exe cuted since the last reading R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands Status Registers You can read out the state of the register with STATus OPERation CONDition or STATus OPERation EVENt Table 6 1 Meaning of the bits used in the STATus OPERation register Bit No Meaning 0 CALibrating This bit is set as long as the instrument is performing a calibration 1to7 Not used 8 HardCOPy in progress This bit is set while the instrument is printing a hardcopy 9 to 14 Not used 15 This bit is always 0 STATus QUEStionable Register The STATus Q
98. R amp S ESR K55 Real Time Analysis User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 remen Test amp Measu This manual applies to the following R amp S9ESR options R amp S ESR K55 Realtime Analysis The contents of this manual correspond to the following R amp S amp ESR models with firmware version 1 785 1 or higher e R amp S ESR3 e R amp S ESR7 2013 Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG M hldorfstr 15 81671 M nchen Germany Phone 49 89 41 29 0 Fax 49 89 41 29 12 164 E mail info rohde schwarz com Internet www rohde schwarz com Printed in Germany Subject to change Data without tolerance limits is not binding R amp S is a registered trademark of Rohde amp Schwarz GmbH amp Co KG Trade names are trademarks of the owners The following abbreviations are used throughout this manual R amp S9ESR is abbreviated as R amp S ESR R amp S9ESR K55 Contents Contents 1 Measurement 5 1 1 Receiver 5 1 2 Spectrum IURE e 5 1 3 Analyzer 2 nennen cenar eun ana 6 1 4 Real Time cuan
99. Ransition lt SumBit gt STATus QUEStionable POWer PTRansition lt SumBit gt STATus QUEStionable TIME PTRansition lt SumBit gt These commands control the Positive TRansition part of a register Setting a bit causes a 0 to 1 transition in the corresponding bit of the associated register The transition also writes a 1 into the associated bit of the corresponding EVENt register Parameters lt SumBit gt Range 0 to 65535 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 147 R amp S ESR K55 List of Commands List of Commands CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt LINK 2cc cceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseaeeeeeaeeseseeeesscaeeesecaeeeeseaeeseeaeeeensaeeeeea 112 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimuUM 2 2 00000 127 lt gt lt gt 127 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXiMUM 128 lt gt lt gt 128 lt gt lt gt 0 129 lt gt lt gt 14 000000000000010000000000 0 nnn 129 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MINimum RIGHLE esses nennen nennen 130
100. Remote command Start frequency SENSe FREQuency STARt on page 85 Stop frequency SENSe FREQuency STOP on page 85 Frequency Offset Defines a frequency offset in the range from 100 GHz to 100 GHz The offset shifts the displayed frequency range along the x axis by a certain amount Remote command SENSe FREQuency OFFSet on page 84 Span Manual Defines the frequency span User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 51 R amp S ESR K55 Configuration pm 7e HERBERT EE Ty Common Measurement Settings The frequency span has a range from 100 Hz to 40 MHz If you set a span of 0 Hz the R amp S ESR enters the time domain Remote command SENSe FREQuency SPAN on page 84 Sweeptime Manual F T Defines the sweep time for measurements in the frequency domain F or time domain For more information see chapter 3 2 2 Setting the Sweep Time on page 32 Remote command SENSe SWEep TIME on page 94 Full Span Restore the full span of 40 MHz Remote command SENSe FREQuency SPAN FULL on page 85 4 3 3 Defining Level Characteristics The Amplitude menu contains all functions necessary to define level characteristics and to configure the vertical diagram axis For more comprehensive information on selected topics see the operating manual of the R amp S ESR gt To access the
101. UEStionable register contains information about states that may occur if the R amp S ESR is operated without meeting the specifications You can read out the state of the register with STATus QUEStionable CONDition and STATus QUEStionable EVENt Table 6 2 Meaning of the bits used in the STATus QUEStionable register Bit No Meaning 0 2 These bits are not used 2 TIME This bit is set if a 3 POWer This bit is set if a questionable power occurs see the STATus QUEStionable POWer register in the manual of the R amp S ESR 4 TEMPerature This bit is set if a questionable temperature occurs 5 FREQuency The bit is set if a frequency is questionable see the STATus QUEStionable FREQuency reg ister in the manual of the R amp S ESR 6 7 Not used 8 CALibration The bit is set if a measurement is performed unaligned UNCAL display 9 LIMit device specific This bit is set if a limit value is violated see the STATus QUEStionable LIMit register in the manual of the R amp S ESR 10 LMARgin device specific This bit is set if a margin is violated see the STATus QUEStionable LMARgin register in the manual of the R amp S ESR User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 143 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands Status Registers Bit No Meaning 11 14 Not used 15 This bit is always 0 STATus QUEStionable TIME Register The STATus QUEStionable TIME r
102. X Activates and positions delta marker 2 on the peak level of the y axis Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam Y MINimum ABOVe This command positions the specified delta marker on the next minimum level of the vertical axis The search includes only frames above the current marker position It does not change the horizontal position of the delta marker The command is available for the spectrogram Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Example CALC DELT2 SGR Y MIN Activates and positions delta marker 2 on the minimum level of the y axis CALC DELT2 SGR Y MIN ABOV Positions delta marker 2 on the next minimum level found in the diagram area above the current marker position Usage Event TE eee User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 134 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands mma D A m mn Analysis CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam Y MINimum BELow This command positions the specified delta marker on the next minimum level of the vertical axis The search includes only frames below the current marker position It does not change the horizontal position of the delta marker The command is available for the spectrogram Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measureme
103. a 108 lt gt lt gt 2 2 2 108 lt gt lt gt enses n nnne nets na 109 CALCulatesgs MARKersmoESTATe uade icuiu dad e pn nte Fou aduer aka uu Red puru pasce ien na 109 lt gt lt gt aai iaia aana na 109 CAL lt gt lt gt 2 110 GALCulatesmsMARKersm X SSlZe asd xs ema ddnde dle asina dd a 110 GALE GUulatesnsMARKGrSmssY iter cete rere 111 GALGulatesn MARKerSImsuE 9 acies ctn aec tte a nnn e tnnc caasa Nude ea umani dde 112 lt gt lt gt 11 112 CALEGulate n DELTamarker mo 3MQODE aaa 112 lt gt lt gt 8 113 lt gt lt gt 113 CAL Culate lt n gt DEL Tamarker lt tt TRACE idana aan a A anaa a anaa 113 CAL Gulate mn DEETamarkerems2X 2 eee es 114 GALGulate n DEETamarkerem X RELative 2 iria cas ci anon e cadena ndn 114 CAL lt gt
104. al 1175 7074 02 04 119 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands H Analysis Example CALC MARK2 MIN Positions marker 2 to the minimum value of the trace CALC MARK2 MIN LEFT Positions marker 2 to the next higher minimum value to the left of the current value Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum NEXT This command positions ae marker to the next higher trace minimum If no next higher minimum value is found on the trace level spacing to adjacent values lt peak excursion an execution error error code 200 is produced In Spectrogram mode this command positions the specified marker on the next peak level of the x axis The search includes only the data to the left of the current marker position in the current frame It does not change the position of the marker on the y axis Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Example CALC MARK2 MIN Positions marker 2 to the minimum value of the trace CALC MARK2 MIN NEXT Positions marker 2 to the next higher maximum value Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum PEAK This command positions the marker on the current trace minimum The corresponding marker is activated first or switched to marker mode if necessary If no minimum value is found on the trace level spacing to adjacent
105. am Y TRIGger This command positions a marker in the spectrogram on the most recent trigger event Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window Usage Event 6 4 2 4 Positioning Delta Markers lt gt lt gt 127 lt gt lt gt 2 8 127 lt gt lt gt 40141 1 128 lt gt lt gt 128 lt gt lt gt 129 lt gt lt gt 129 lt gt lt gt 22 1 0 24 01001 129 lt gt lt gt 130 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum LEFT This command positions the delta marker to the next smaller trace maximum on the left of the current value i e descending X values The corresponding delta marker is acti vated first if necessary If no next higher minimum value is found on the trace level spacing to adjacent values lt peak excursion an execution err
106. as captured Let s assume a frame consists of 10 spectrums After a single sweep the table would for example look like this 15 019950 GHz 8 ji 1 ji 79 12 dBm 0 00 99 31112 2 5 6 1 1171611 1 7 1 812 1 189 1011 11111111 111 10 15 0 GHz Span 40 0 MHz Fig 2 6 Virtual table and diagram containing the results after one frame n FFTs As you can see many cells contain a value greater than 1 A number greater than one expresses an overlap of several spectrums on this pixel As the assumed frame consists of 10 spectrums the sum of values in each column must equal 10 Calculating percentages Now that all values have been transferred into the table the R amp S ESR converts the absolute numbers into relative values or percentages The percentages are the basis of the final histogram that the R amp S ESR shows on the display The percentage of one cell is simply the ratio of the number of hits in that cell over the number of accumulated spectrums Example The percentage of e g the value in the highlighted cells would be 0 2 or 20 2 hits and a total number of 10 spectrums n 2 10 100 After the R amp S ESR has calculated all percentages the table would look like this User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 23 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays a a al Ee The Persistence Spectrum Result Display 80 30 10 20 20 50 60 10 10 70 60 10 107010 80 20 10 10 80 90 100 10 10 10 10 10 10 10
107. ast measurement CALCulate lt n gt SGRam FRAMe COUNt lt Frames gt This command sets the number of frames to be recorded in a single sweep Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window Parameters lt Frames gt The maximum number of frames depends on the CALCulate lt n gt SGRam HDEPth on page 79 Range 1 to depends on history depth Increment 1 RST 1 Example INIT CONT OFF Selects single sweep mode CALC SGR FRAM COUN 200 Sets the number of frames to 200 CALCulate n SGRam FRAMe SELect Frame This command selects a specific frame for further analysis The command is available only if no measurement is running or after a single sweep has ended Suffix n 1 4 Selects the measurement window Parameters lt Frame gt lt frame_number gt if time stamp is off Selects the frame The range is 0 number of recorded frames 1 lt time gt if time stamp is on Time distance in seconds It selects the frame that is x seconds away from frame 0 Example INIT CONT OFF Stop the continuous sweep CALC SGR FRAM SEL 25 Selects frame number 25 A A LLLL L LLLLLLLZA User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 78 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands b a Measurements and Result Displays CALCulate lt n gt SGRam HDEPth lt HistoryDepth gt This command sets the number of frames to be stored in the R amp S ESR s memory Suffix lt n gt
108. at the color resolution for all other combinations is enhanced and makes it more easy to detect for example weak and rare signals The persistence spectrum provides an additional truncate function If active all values that are outside the color range are no longer displayed in the histogram 1Pk Clrw Fig 2 2 Spectrogram that shows the peaks of a pulsed signal only EEUU RR RA E E e L LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLL L J User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 19 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays The Spectrogram Result Display Adjusting the reference level and level range Changing the reference level and level range also affects the color scheme in the spec trogram Make sure however that you never adjust in a way that could overload the R amp S ESR For more information see AMPT menu DISPlay WINDow SGRam COLor LOWer on page 81 DISPlay WINDow SGRam COLor UPPer on page 82 Defining the Shape of the Color Curve Now that the color scheme and range of the color map suit your needs you can improve the color map even more by changing the shape of the color curve The color curve is a tool to shift the focus of the color distribution on the color map By default the color curve is linear The color curve is linear i e the colors on the color map are distributed evenly If you shift the curve to the left or right the distribution becomes non linear The slope of the color curve in
109. ations of the Realtime Spectrum on page 8 chapter 2 2 2 Applications of the Spectrogram Result Display on page 11 CALCulate lt n gt SGRam HDEPth on page 79 Defining a Frame Count The frame count defines the number of traces the R amp S ESR plots in the spectrogram result display in a single sweep The maximum number of possible frames depends on the history depth The sweep count on the other hand determines how many sweeps are combined in one frame in the spectrogram i e how many sweeps the R amp S ESR performs to plot one trace in the Spectrogram result display You can set the frame count with the Frame Count softkey which is available in single sweep mode CALCulate lt n gt SGRam FRAMe COUNt on page 78 e User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 12 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays The Spectrogram Result Display Selecting a Frame To get more information you can select any frame that is stored in the memory of the R amp S ESR with the Select Frame softkey Depending on whether you have activated a time stamp or not you select the frame either by time in seconds from the most recent recorded frame time stamp On or by directly entering the frame number you d like to see time stamp Off To select a specific frame the R amp S ESR has to be in single sweep
110. axhold 2 2 POSHNGJE MT pretrigger realtime bandwidth 222 22222 33 resolution bandwidth sees 34 span 12 um 32 time domain trigger trace style E tert rore te 28 open 34 reference level to marker level 67 reference level to marker level pasesaan neneiia rennen Reference level Resolution bandwidth RF Preamplifier B22 eene RMS m 43 RMS detector PE 43 S Sample detector i i erre e pintor peri 43 scaling ALIE 56 search 67 softkey 0 1 RBW remote control 84 0 1 Span remote control 84 0 5 RBW remote control 84 0 5 Span remote control 84 All Marker Off 65 Ampere 55 ASCII Trace Export 62 Auto Max Peak 67 Auto Max Peak remote control e 117 AUTO Min Peak eoo ere ae 67 Auto Min Peak remote control 119 Center Mkr Freq 67 Center Mkr Freq remote control T 116 C
111. axhold off Range 0 to 254 Increment 1 RST 100 RESet Resets the maxhold trace Example DISP WIND TRAC MAXH 120 Sets the color intensity of the maxhold trace to 120 DISP WIND TRAC MAXH RES Resets the maxhold trace Mode RT DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SUBWindow lt m gt TRACe MAXHold STATe boolean This command switches the maxhold trace in the persistence spectrum on and off Parameters lt boolean gt ON OFF RST On Mode RT DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SUBWindow lt m gt TRACe lt t gt PERSistence DURation lt persistence gt This command sets the duration of the persistence Setting the persistence to O turns it off Parameters persistence Persistance in seconds Range 0 to 8 Increment 0 001 RST 1 seconds Default unit seconds Example DISP WIND TRAC PERS DUR 4 3 Sets the persistence to 4 3 seconds Mode RT DISPlay WINDow SUBWindow TRACe PERSistence GRANularity lt Granularity gt This command sets the persistence granularity User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 74 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands 6 2 2 2 Measurements and Result Displays Parameters lt Granularity gt Amount of data the R amp S ESR uses to build the persitence spec trum in seconds RST RST value Mode RT DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SUBWindow lt m gt TRACe lt t gt PERSistence STATe lt boolean gt This command switches persistence in the persistence spectrum on and off Parameters lt
112. ay stays illuminated after it has been lit by the cathode ray The higher the persistence the longer you could observe the illuminated point on the display In the persistence spectrum the persistence results from the moving density like a moving average over a certain number of traces The number of traces that are consid ered for calculating the density depend on the persistence length that you can define with the Persistence softkey The longer the persistence the more traces are part of the calculation and the deeper the history of displayed information gets A spectral event that has occured a single time is visible for up to 8 seconds That means that colors will change as densities get smaller at coordinates with signal parts that are not constantly there but still have the same intensity as the original signal The rate of the color change is high with a low persistence and small with a high persistence E User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 26 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays 2 3 3 2 The Persistence Spectrum Result Display Note that a signal with constant frequency and level characteristics does not show the effects of persistence on the trace As soon as the power or frequency of a signal change slightly however the effect of persistence gets visible through color changes or changes in the shape of the trace You can turn off persistence if you set it to 0 seconds DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SUBWin
113. cale 3 Auto 2 Set to Default 5 Close 1 Color map shows the current color distribution 2 Preview pane shows a preview of the histogram spectrogram with any changes that you make to the color scheme 3 Color curve pane graphic representation of all settings available to customize the color scheme 4 Color curve in its linear form 5 Color range start and stop sliders define the range of the color map percentages for the histogram or amplitudes for the spectrogram 6 Color curve slider adjusts the focus of the color curve Histogram shows the distribution of measured values Scale of the horizontal axis value range in the spectrogram this is linear in the histogram it is the function of the density 9 Color range start and stop numerical input to define the range of the color map 10 Color curve numerical input to define the shape of the color curve 11 Color scheme selection 12 Truncate if active only shows the results inside the value range only available for the persistence spec trum 13 Auto button automatically sets the value range of the color map 14 Default button resets the color settings 15 Close button closes the dialog box N Setting the Color Scheme Before adjusting the details of the color map you should select the color scheme you are most comfortable with You can select from four different color schemes The Hot color scheme shows the results in color
114. ce level offset 0 the value range of the reference level is modified by the offset Suffix lt n gt irrelevant lt t gt irrelevant Parameters lt ReferenceLevel gt The unit is variable Range see datasheet RST 10dBm Example DISP TRAC Y RLEV 60dBm DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel OFFSet Value This command defines a reference level offset Suffix lt n gt irrelevant lt t gt irrelevant Parameters lt Value gt Range 200 to 200 RST 0 Default unit dB Example DISP TRAC Y RLEV OFFS 10dB DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SPACing lt ScalingType gt This command selects the scaling of the y axis Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt t gt irrelevant Parameters lt ScalingType gt LOGarithmic Logarithmic scaling LiNear Linear scaling in LDB Linear scaling in dB RST LOGarithmic RETE RU E S E e A LALLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLULULUILLI User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 88 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands mu L V i Mig J Configuration Example DISP TRAC Y SPAC LIN Select a linear scale INPut ATTenuation Value This command programs the input attenuator To protect the input mixer against damage from overloads the setting O dB can be obtained by
115. cludes only the data to the left of the current marker position in the current frame It does not change the position of the marker on the y axis Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Example CALC MARK2 MAX LEFT Positions marker 2 to the next lower maximum value to the left of the current value Usage Event User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 117 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands a a a a Se Analysis CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum NEXT This command positions the marker to the next smaller trace maximum If no next smaller maximum value is found on the trace level spacing to adjacent values lt peak excursion an execution error error code 200 is produced In Spectrogram mode this command positions the specified marker on the next peak level of the x axis The search includes only the data to the left of the current marker position in the current frame It does not change the position of the marker on the y axis Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Example CALC MARK2 MAX NEXT Positions marker 2 to the next lower maximum value Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum PEAK This command positions the marker on the current trace maximum The corresponding marker is activated first or switched to the marker mode If no maximum value is found on the trace level spacing to adjacent values
116. creases or decreases One end of the color palette then covers a large amount results while the the other end distributes a lot of colors on relatively small result range You can use this feature to put the focus on a particular region in the diagram and to be able to detect small variations of the signal Example Fig 2 3 Linear color curve shape 0 The color map above is based on a linear color curve Colors are distributed evenly over the complete result range Fig 2 4 Non linear color curve shape 0 5 After shifting the color curve to the left negative value more colors cover the range from 105 5 dBm to 60 dBm blue green and yellow In the color map based on the linear color curve the same range is covered by blue and a few shades of green only The range from 60 dBm to 20 dBm on the other hand is dominated by various shades of red but no other colors In the linear color map the same range is covered by red yellow and a few shades of green The result of shifting the color curve is that results in a particular result range power levels in case of the spectrogram and densities in the case of the spectral histogram become more differentiated You can adjust the color curve by moving the middle slider in the color curve pane to a place you want it to be Moving the slider to the left shifts the focus in the direction of low EN User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 20 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Disp
117. ctivate those the process of drawing the persistence spectrum gets more complex User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 24 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays 2 3 1 2 3 2 The Persistence Spectrum Result Display For more information see chapter 2 3 3 1 Using Persistence on page 26 e chapter 2 3 3 2 Activating Maxhold on page 27 Screen Layout of the Persistence Spectrum A 1Pk Clrw 1 199008 GHz 6 68 08 dBm 0 18 CF 1 2 GHz Span 20 0 MHz 1 Screen number 2 Trace information for the realtime spectrum trace trace mode and detector 3 Color map 4 Trace window or diagram area 5 Marker 6 Marker information 7 Realtime spectrum trace white line 8 Persistence spectrum colored trace 9 maxhold trace weak color intensity The persistence spectrum has three layers e the realtime spectrum trace This trace is always white so that you can recognize it inside the histogram It is updated continuously e the histogram The histogram is the main feature of the result display The colors the histogram show the number of hits of level frequency combinations The number of FFTs each pixel in the measurement diagram contains depends on the granularity The histogram is multicolored e themaxhold trace The maxhold trace is a transparent trace in the background of the histogram that shows the maximum percentages that have been measured up to the present The maxhold t
118. d sweep menus SENSe SWEep TIME on page 94 Automatic setting of the sweep time If you activate the automatic sweep time with the Sweeptime Auto softkey the R amp S ESR sets the sweep time to 30 ms The Sweeptime Auto softkey is available in the bandwidth and sweep menus SENSe SWEep TIME AUTO on page 94 ERREUR E I e A LLLLLLLL6MLL LL LL LLL ASI User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 32 R amp S ESR K55 Measurement Basics a a eS SS 5 41 Configuring Realtime Measurements 3 2 3 Setting the Span The span or realtime bandwidth defines the frequency range that the R amp S ESR shows in result displays with a horizontal axis showing the frequency The span you should use depends on the signal that you are measuring It should how ever be about twice as large as the bandwidth of the signal In realtime mode the R amp S ESR has a minimum span of 100 Hz and a maximum span of 40 MHz You can set the span in several ways Setting the span You can set the directly with the Span Manual softkey or the SPAN key If you change the span in this way the center frequency always corresponds to the center of the span and remains the same no matter how you change the span SENSe FREQuency SPAN on page 84 Defining a start and stop frequency Another way to set the span is to define a start and stop frequency with the Start and Stop softkeys in the frequency menu
119. dow lt m gt TRACe lt t gt PERSistence DURation on page 74 Defining the granularity The amount of data that the R amp S ESR uses to draw a single frame in the persistence spectrum is variable By default it uses the data that was captured in a 100 ms in the moving density With the Persistence Granularity softkey you can set the amount of data that the R amp S ESR uses to build the persistence spectrum by increasing or decreas ing the persistence granularity DISPlay WINDow SUBWindow TRACe PERSistence GRANularity on page 74 Activating Maxhold The maxhold function remembers and shows the maximum densities that have been measured at each point in the diagram The maxhold trace is visible as soon as you increase the color intensity and will remain visible until you reset the maxhold turn it off or preset the R amp S ESR Changing the color intensity In its default state the R amp S ESR does not display the maxhold trace You can turn it on by increasing the color intensity With the Maxhold Intensity softkey you can regulate the brightness of the trace up to the point where it is as intense as the current trace Note that the color intensity of the maxhold trace is lower than that of the trace itself The color distribution however is the same for both traces DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SUBWindow lt m gt TRACe lt t gt MAXHold INTensity on page 74 Resetting the maxhold trace You can reset the maxhold
120. e as that of the realtime spectrum result display For more information see chapter 3 1 Data Acquisition and Processing in a Realtime Analyzer on page 29 After the data has been captured the R amp S ESR transforms the data of the realtime spectrum into the spectrogram result display Coloring the results To get the final looks of the spectrogram the R amp S ESR applies colors to to visualize the power levels in a two dimensional diagram Each color in the spectrogram corresponds to a particular power level that is shown in the color map in the title bar of the result display The color the R amp S ESR assigns to each power level depends on e the color scheme you have selected e the customized color mapping settings In the default configuration the R amp S ESR displays low power levels in cold colors blue green etc and higher power levels in warm colors red yellow etc For more information see chapter 2 2 3 3 Customizing the Color Mapping on page 16 Displaying the results Now that the data is available the R amp S ESR processes the data to display it in the spec trogram result display To understand the structure and contents of the spectrogram it is best to activate the realtime spectrum result display in combination with the spectrogram as the data that is shown in the spectrogram is always based on the data of the trace in the realtime spec trum result display The spectrogram is made up out of
121. e available The default setting is trace 1 in the overwrite mode see Clear Write on page 60 the other traces are switched off see Blank on page 61 Tip To configure several traces in one step use the functionality of the Trace Configu ration dialog box To access the dialog box press the Trace Wizard softkey Note that in the Spectrogram and Persistence Spectrum result displays only one trace is available In the Persistence Spectrum this is the Realtime trace Remote command Selected via numeric suffix of TRACe lt n gt commands Clear Write Trace 1 to 4 Overwrite mode the trace is overwritten by each sweep This is the default setting Remote command DISP TRAC MODE WRIT see DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt MODE on page 104 Max Hold Trace 1 to 4 The maximum value is determined over several sweeps and displayed The R amp S ESR saves the sweep result in the trace memory only if the new value is greater than the previous one User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 60 R amp S9ESR K55 Analysis Working with Traces This mode is especially useful with modulated or pulsed signals The signal spectrum is filled up upon each sweep until all signal components are detected in a kind of envelope Remote command DISP TRAC MODE see DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe t MODE on page 104 Min Hold Trace 1 to 4 The minimum value is determined from several measurements and displayed T
122. e control E ceri Ee ee ttr eis User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 R amp S ESR K55 Right Limit remote control Search Limits Search Limits remote control Search Lim Off nene eene Search Lim Off remote control Select 1 2 3 4 remote control Span Manual remote control Start remote Control 22 Start Frequency remote control E Stepsize Standard 65 Stepsize Standard remote control 110 Stepsize Sweep Points Stepsize Sweep Points remote control 110 Stop remote control 2 Stop Frequency remote control i Sweeptime Auto remote control Threshold Threshold remote control Trace 1234 5 6 remote control Trace Mode remote control Trg Gate Polarity Pos Neg remote control Trigger Holdoff remote control m Unit remote control Use Zoom Limits nen 68 Use Zoom Limits remote control 138 Volt X RBW remote control 220 02 02 84 X Span remote control Zero Span remote control
123. e of the zoom area If the zoom is already active this mechanism also works the other way round You can change the zoom factor by changing the sweep time or the span Zoom restrictions Principally the zoom is available for all measurement situations whether you measure continuously in single sweep mode or use a trigger However possible zoom areas are restricted by the size of the memory 4 seconds If it is not possible to zoom into a spec trogram area the R amp S ESR colors that area in a darker color when you touch it The zoom factor is restricted to 10 of the original span of the frequency axis Zoom possible Zoom not possible CF 775 0 MHz Span 5 0 MHz Aug 30 10 25 15 41544 In addition the zoom is also restricted by the original bandwidth or span you have set Zooming into areas that are outside this bandwidth is not possible Note also that zoom availability depends on the trigger mode Zooming while the mea surement is running is possible only in Free Run mode For all other trigger modes you have to wait until the measurement is paused Effects on other result displays Zooming has an effect on the realtime spectrum result display All other result displays are unaffected The R amp S ESR updates the range of horizontal axis of the realtime spectrum according to the zoomed new spectrogram span The range has an effect on the start stop and center frequency as well as the span The realtime spectrum s
124. e persistence spectrum result display DISPlay WINDow SUBWindow ZOOM AREA lt StartFrequency gt lt StartTime gt lt StopFrequency gt lt StopTime gt This command defines the zoom area Before you can use this command you have to turn the zoom on with DISPlay WINDow SUBWindow Z00M STATe on page 73 1 Start frequency and time 2 Stop frequency and time 3 Zoom area User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 72 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands 6 2 2 6 2 2 1 Measurements and Result Displays Parameters lt StartFrequency gt Defines the start frequency of the zoom area The range depends on the span of the unzoomed spectrogram lt StartTime gt Defines the start time of the zoom area Time information in seconds is relative to the present frame The range corresponds to the visible spectrogram lt StopFrequency gt Defines the stop frequency of the zoom area The range depends on the span of the unzoomed spectrogram lt StopTime gt Defines the stop time of the zoom area Time information in seconds is relative to the present frame The range corresponds to the visible spectrogram Example DISP WIND ZOOM AREA 95MHZ 2s 105MHZ 1s Defines a zoom area between 95 and 105 MHz and between 1 and 2 seconds ago Mode RT DISPlay WINDow SUBWindow ZOOM STATe lt State gt This command turns the spectrogram zoom on and off The spectrogram has to be active for the command to work Pa
125. easurement which are also separated by a semicolon File contents header and data section Description Date 01 Apr 2010 Date of data set storage Screen A Instrument mode Points per Symbol 4 Points per symbol E S N User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 43 R amp S ESR K55 Measurement Basics ASCII File Export Format File contents header and data section x Axis Start 13 sym Description Start value of the x axis x Axis Stop 135 sym Stop value of the x axis Ref value y axis 10 00 dBm Y axis reference value Ref value position 100 Y axis reference position Trace 1 Trace number Meas Result Result type Meas Signal Magnitude Result display Demodulator Offset QPSK Demodulation type ResultMode Trace Result mode x unit sym Unit of the x axis y unit dBm Unit of the y axis Trace Mode Clear Write Values 592 Trace mode Number of results values List of results User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 R amp S ESR K55 Configuration Result Display Selection 4 Configuration Realtime measurements require a special operating mode on the R amp S ESR which you activate using the MODE key on the front panel When you activate a measurement channel in realtime mode a measurement for the input signal is started automatically with the default configuration The Measurement menu is disp
126. ector trace style DISPlay WINDow n SUBWindow m TRACe t SYMBol on page 75 2 3 3 4 Customizing the Color Mapping For more information see chapter 2 2 3 3 Customizing the Color Mapping on page 16 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 28 R amp S ESR K55 Measurement Basics Data Acquisition and Processing in a Realtime Analyzer 3 Measurement Basics Data Acquisition and Processing in a Realtime Analyzer 29 Configuring Realtime Measurements sess 31 e Trngasrng MeasuremeMS s eicere epe ehe Ege atime 34 ISI RISUS IOCIS 40 e Detector OVelVIGW esee er Ren ere eer neni e ERN E ne Rhe 43 e ASCII File FOU Ab as btt eae ned oa nitrate 43 3 1 Data Acquisition and Processing in a Realtime Ana lyzer This chapter shows the way the R amp S ESR acquires and processes the data compared to a conventional spectrum analyzer A conventional spectrum analyzer typically loses information after it has captured the signal blind time This is because the LO has to return to the start frequency after a sweep of the selected frequency range LO flyback Blind time therefore occurs after the data capture and signal processing and before the next data capture can begin Blind Time Blind Time Blind Time Fig 3 1 Conventional spectrum a
127. ed correctly which is indicated by the IFOVL status display Remote command DISPlay WINDowcn TRACe t Y SCALe RLEVel on page 88 Range Opens a submenu to define the display range of the level axis Range Log 100 dB Range Log 50 dB Range Log 10 dB Range Log 5 dB Range Log 1 dB Range Log Manual Range Linear 96 Range Lin Unit Range Log 100 dB Range Sets the level display range to 100 dB Remote command Logarithmic scaling DISP WIND TRAC Y SPAC LOG see DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SPACing on page 88 Display range DISP WIND TRAC Y 100DB see DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe on page 87 Range Log 50 dB Range Sets the level display range to 50 dB Remote command Logarithmic scaling DISP WIND TRAC Y SPAC LOG see DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SPACing on page 88 Display range DISP WIND TRAC Y 50DB see DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe on page 87 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 53 R amp S ESR K55 Configuration l X a a Common Measurement Settings Range Log 10 dB Range Sets the level display range to 10 dB Remote command Logarithmic scaling DISP WIND TRAC Y SPAC LOG see DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SPACing on page 88 Display range DISP WIND TRAC Y 10DB see DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe on page 87 Range Log 5 dB Range Sets the level display range to 5 dB
128. egister contains information about possible errors in realtime mode You can read out the register with STATus QUEStionable TIME CONDition or STATus QUEStionable TIME EVENt Table 6 3 Meaning of the bits used in the STATus QUEStionable TIME register Bit No Meaning 0 Real Time Data Loss This bit is set ifthe R amp S ESR loses data during the measurement and measurements are no longer possible in realtime 1 to 14 Unused 15 This bit is always 0 6 5 3 Status Register For more information on the contents of the status registers see the following sections Status registers exclusive to the realtime application e STATus OPERation Register on page 142 e STATus QUEStionable Register on page 143 e STATus QUEStionable TIME Register on page 144 Status registers explained in the manual of the R amp S ESR e STATus QUEStionable FREQuency Register e STATus QUEStionable LIMit Register STATus QUEStionable L MARgin Register STATus QUEStionable POWer Register 6 5 3 1 General Status Register Commands ree duns nian eret le ud e ek aiaia aiaa 145 STATOSOUEMCNEXTIE a iae eret desk pa Dri MU ad 145 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 144 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands 6 5 3 2 6 5 3 3 Status Registers STATus PRESet This command resets the edge detectors and ENABle parts of all registers to a defi
129. el type is always SANalyzer to indicate that you add a new spectrum display lt ChannelName gt Sets the name of the additional spectrum display Spectrum 2 Spectrum 3 Spectrum 4 The names of the spectrum displays you add have to be Spectrum 2 for the second spectrum display Spectrum 3 for the third and Spectrum 4 for the fourth Example INST CRE SAN Spectrum 2 Adds a second spectrum display INSTrument DELete lt ChannelName gt This command deletes a spectrum display Also see INSTrument CREate NEW on page 70 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 70 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands 6 2 6 2 1 Measurements and Result Displays Parameters lt ChannelName gt Selects the spectrum display you want to delete Spectrum 2 Spectrum 3 Spectrum 4 A spectrum display must exist in order to be able delete it Example INST DEL Spectrum 4 Deletes the fourth spectrum display INSTrument SELect lt Mode gt lt ChannelName gt This command activates a new measurement channel with the defined channel type or selects an existing measurement channel with the specified name INSTrument CREate NEW on page 70 Parameters Mode RECeiver Receiver mode RTIMe Realtime mode SANalyzer Spectrum mode Spectrum 2 Spectrum 3 Spectrum 4 Selects one of the additional spectrum displays The first spectrum display is always active You can select it with SANalyzer A spectrum
130. eme of the spectrogram to black and white E User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 82 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands Configuration 6 3 Configuration e Defining the Horizontal Diagram bates 83 e Selecting the Measurement 20 2 eene nnne nd 85 e Defining Level nennen 86 e Configuring INS Swop cic itin vide ted eG 91 e Triggering Measurements e eus da RR 95 6 3 1 Defining the Horizontal Diagram Axis Commands related to the horizontal axis described elsewhere SENSe SWEep TIME SENSE JF RE GENTBE repete te ea reine tesa RE 83 SENSE FREQUEN CENTES TEP tute 83 ISENS amp FREQuUsncy CENTer STEP LINK couette c eines 84 SENSe FREQuency CENTer STEP LINK FAGTOr recien iin aaia inh nina 84 SENSeJFREQUensy 84 SENS FREQUEN S PAN aide stud euet 84 SENS amp J FREDQ ncy S PANE ULL tbe vee e erit erre tete 85 SENSE FREQUEN Cy 85 e sue n Aa NE Ede 85 SENSe FREQuency CENTer Frequency This command
131. er on a particular frame The frame is relative to the position of marker 1 The command is available for the spectrogram Suffix n 1 4 Selects the measurement window lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Parameters lt gt lt gt lt gt if time stamp is off Defines the distance of the deltamarker in frames and in relation to the position of marker 1 lt time gt if time stamp is on Defines the distance of the deltamarker in seconds and in relation to the position of marker 1 The reference is the time stamp of marker 1 Example CALC DELT4 SGR FRAM 20 Sets fourth deltamarker 20 frames below marker 1 CALC DELT4 SGR FRAM 2 s Sets fourth deltamarker 2 seconds above the position of marker 1 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam SARea lt SearchArea gt This command defines the deltamarker search area The command is available for the spectrogram Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Parameters lt SearchArea gt VISible Performs a search in the visible frames Note that VISible is ignored if Spectrogram is not visible for any reason e g if the Spectrum Analyzer is in full screen mode or display update is inactive MEMory Performs a search over all frames in the memory RST VISible Example CALC DELT SGR SAR MEM Performs a search over all frames in the memory e
132. es that the values of delta marker 3 are relative to marker 2 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt STATe State This command turns delta markers on and off If the corresponding marker was a normal marker it is turned into a delta marker No suffix at DELTamarker turns on delta marker 1 Suffix n Selects the measurement window m Selects the marker Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC DELT1 ON Switches marker 1 to delta marker mode CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt TRACe lt TraceNumber gt This command selects the trace a delta marker is positioned on The corresponding trace must have a trace mode other than Blank In the persistence spectrum result display the command also defines if the delta marker is positioned on the persistence trace or the maxhold trace Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker I User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 113 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands Parameters lt TraceNumber gt Example Analysis 1 6 Trace number the marker is positioned on MAXHold Defines the maxhold trace as the trace to put the delta marker on This parameter is available only for the persistence spectrum result display WRITe Defines the persistence trace as the trace to put the delta marker on This parameter is available only for the persistence spectrum result display CALC DELT3 TRAC 2 Assigns delta
133. ese parameters is changed A disable message is displayed on the screen Noise correc tion must be switched on again manually after the change OFF No noise correction is performed AUTO Noise correction is performed After a parameter change noise correc tion is restarted automatically and a new correction measurement is performed Remote command SENSe POWer NCORrection on page 90 Input AC DC Toggles the RF input of the R amp S ESR between AC and DC coupling Remote command INPut COUPling on page 89 Input 50 0 75 O Uses 50 or 75 as reference impedance for the measured levels Default setting is 50 The setting 75 O should be selected if the 50 O input impedance is transformed to a higher impedance using a 75 adapter of the RAZ type 25 in series to the input impedance of the instrument The correction value in this case is 1 76 dB 10 log 75 0 50 All levels specified in this Operating Manual refer to the default setting of the instrument 50 Remote command INPut IMPedance on page 90 4 3 4 Selecting the Measurement Bandwidth The Bandwidth menu contains all functions necessary to configure the measurement bandwidth gt To access the Bandwidth menu press the BW key the R amp S ESR front panel cce E 57 sweeptime Manual oce ient ertt cedo trt 58 Coupling FRAUD c 58 Res BW Manual Defines the resolution bandwidth ERREUR E E
134. ets the power unit to dBm DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe Range This command defines the display range of the y axis with logarithmic scaling The command works only for a logarithmic scaling You can select the scaling with DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SPACing on page 88 Suffix lt n gt window For applications that do not have more than 1 measure ment window the suffix lt n gt is irrelevant lt t gt irrelevant Parameters lt Range gt Range 10 to 200 RST 100 Default unit dB Example DISP TRAC Y 110dB DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t Y SCALe MODE Mode This command selects the type of scaling of the y axis When SYSTem DISPlay UPDate is turned off this command has no immediate effect on the screen Suffix n window For applications that do not have more than 1 measure ment window the suffix n is irrelevant lt t gt irrelevant Parameters lt Mode gt ABSolute absolute scaling of the y axis RELative relative scaling of the y axis RST ABS Example DISP TRAC Y MODE REL User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 87 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands mm M n1 Configuration DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt Y SCALe RLEVel lt ReferenceLevel gt This command defines the reference level With the referen
135. f information a virtual z axis This virtual axis represents the number of hits that occured during a particular period of time This would result in a three dimensional dia gram with the height of each bar on the z axis representing the number of hits per pixel This makes the result display a spectral histogram However in the final display of the results the R amp S ESR still shows the trace in two dimensions with the number of hits represented by different shades of color The result is a trace that covers an area instead of a line trace as you know it from the realtime spectrum result display for example CALCulate lt n gt FEED on page 72 For better orientation the R amp S ESR also always shows the realtime spectrum line trace in the histogram as a white line superimposed over the histogram You can turn off the realtime trace by setting the trace mode for that to Blank To get the final result display for a single frame the R amp S ESR sequentially runs through a number of processing steps e collecting the data e evaluating the data e calculating relative values of the data e coloring the results User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 21 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays l_a The Persistence Spectrum Result Display The stages occur at the same time Collecting the data The persistence spectrum that the R amp S ESR displays at any time always represents the data it has col
136. fer the export may take some time and the size of the ASCII file may be very large Clearing the Spectrogram If you need to restart the spectrogram you can clear the memory of the R amp S ESR with the Clear Spectrogram softkey at any time It is also possible to clear the spectrogram after each sweep automatically if you are in single sweep mode You can do so with the Continue Frame On Off softkey If it is active the spectrogram keeps filling up with data after a single sweep If inactive how ever the R amp S ESR clears the spectrogram after every single sweep E User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 13 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays pec A SS SSS S EE E E E E E E E _ _ E Es 6 The Spectrogram Result Display CALCulate lt n gt SGRam CLEar IMMediate on page 77 CALCulate lt n gt SGRam CONT on page 77 2 2 3 2 Zooming into the Spectrogram For further and more detailed analysis of the data you have captured the R amp S ESR provides a zoom The zoom is available for the spectrogram result display but has effects on other result displays The spectrogram has to be active and selected blue border for the zoom to work You can activate the zoom with the EJ icon and define the zoom area by drawing a rectangle on the touchscreen When you draw the zoom area its boundaires are shown as a dashed line The R amp S ESR stops the live measurement and enlargens t
137. ff For more information see chapter 2 2 3 1 Working with the Spectrogram History on page 12 Spectrogram measurements only Remote command CALCulate lt n gt SGRam CONT on page 77 Frame Count Defines the number of traces the R amp S ESR plots in the spectrogram result display in a single sweep For more information see chapter 2 2 3 1 Working with the Spectrogram History on page 12 Spectrogram measurements only Remote command CALCulate lt n gt SGRam FRAMe COUNt on page 78 Clear Spectrogram Clears the contents of the spectrogram For more information see chapter 2 2 3 1 Working with the Spectrogram History on page 12 Spectrogram measurements only Remote command CALCulate lt n gt SGRam CLEar IMMediate on page 77 Defining the Horizontal Diagram Axis The Span and Frequency menus contain all functions necessary to configure the hor izontal axis Toaccess the Frequency menu press the FREQ key on the R amp S ESR front panel gt To access the Span menu press the SPAN key on the R amp S ESR front panel E 50 Center Frequency SIepSIZG a aT ene PERS 51 succ P 51 Frequency Ofal esenea terr dere 51 IMMER 51 owasp meManualtl T4 idee eterne nt sense pete eere pet vene ku E 52 Ue
138. fining Level CharacteristicS c ccccscseccccecssecccceesseetedecessnteceeeesbeceesersnaniedecesaa 52 e Selecting the Measurement 200222 2 57 e Triggering Messuremiaens use encre acer kac Nan eR RAE 58 4 3 1 Configuring the Sweep The Sweep menu contains all functionality to define characteristics of the measurement process gt To access the Sweep menu press the SWEEP key the R amp S ESR front panel Continuous Sweep Stop J SUI reife te 49 SINIS SWOOP M 49 Continue Single SWESD 2 c arent exer at pac ado an d api gb exer 49 MIO IO OE NAIM s RE 49 Sweeptime Manual T AUD ioter bern sate e cene dean eed carae ies 49 Sweep OUI eM 49 Continue Frame 50 Frame COUM 50 Clear SPSO aM Em 50 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 48 R amp S ESR K55 Configuration e EE e EEEEESESESESESESESES gt S gt SSSS gt gt gt S gt S gt SSSSSSSSSSSSSS E E x__ L_ __L__ ET Common Measurement Settings Continuous Sweep Stop Start Interrupts starts or resumes a continuous sweep For more information see chapter 3 2 1 Configuring the Sweep on page 31 Remote command INITiate lt n gt CONTinuous on page 93 Single Sweep Initiates a single sweep For more information see chapter 3 2 1 Configuring the Sweep on page
139. fting mask points as a whole With the Shift X and Shift Y buttons you are able to move all mask points of a frequency mask as one The Shift X button moves the mask point set horizontally while the Shift Y button moves them vertically This is an easy method to move mask points if the relative position of mask points to each other is alright already without adjusting each one by itself Remote command CALCulate n MASK LOWer SHIFt X on page 99 CALCulate lt n gt MASK LOWer SHIFt Y on page 100 CALCulate lt n gt MASK UPPer SHIFt X on page 101 CALCulate n MASK UPPer SHIFt Y on page 102 Automatic alignment of the frequency mask Instead of defining the position of every data point by hand the R amp S ESR is able to shape the frequency mask according to the shape of the current signal On pressing the Auto Set Mask button the R amp S ESR forms the frequency mask around the current spectrum Note the the automatic alignment of the frequency mask works only for the upper fre quency mask Remote command CALCulate n MASK UPPer DATA on page 102 Managing Frequency Masks To be able to reuse or edit a frequency mask that you have defined later you can save and restore particular frequency mask configurations The R amp S ESR stores files that contain such configurations on its internal hard disk Save Mask The Save softkey opens a dialog box to save the current frequency mask configuration in a file If y
140. ge 113 Return values percentage The return value is the percentage of hits on the marker position Usage Query only Mode RT CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt LINK State This command links delta marker 1 to marker 1 If you change the horizontal position of the marker so does the delta marker Suffix n Selects the measurement window m 1 irrelevant Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC DELT LINK ON CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MODE lt Mode gt This command selects the delta marker mode Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Parameters lt Mode gt ABSolute Delta marker position in absolute terms RELative Delta marker position in relation to a reference marker RST REL Example CALC DELT MODE ABS Absolute delta marker position User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 112 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands a a a a Se Analysis CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MREF lt RefMarkerNo gt This command defines the reference marker for a delta marker other than marker 1 The reference may be another marker or the fixed reference Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Parameters lt RefMarkerNo gt 1 16 Selects markers 1 to 16 as the reference Selects the fixed reference as the reference Example CALC DELT3 MREF 2 Specifi
141. gger is active as long as the signal is inside the frequency mask To arm the trigger the signal initially has to be outside the frequency mask Outside The trigger is active as long as the signal is outside the frequency mask To arm the trigger the signal initially has to be inside the frequency mask Remote command TRIGger lt n gt SEQuence MASK CONDition page 103 EN User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 36 R amp S ESR K55 Measurement Basics D 8 a Triggering Measurements 3 3 1 2 Editing Mask Points You can adjust the frequency mask any way you want by adding removing and reposi tioning frequency mask data points Data points define the shape of the frequency mask In the preview pane the R amp S ESR visualizes data points as blue circles In addition all data point positions are listed in the data point table The number of data points is limited to 801 Data points are defined by two values The first value defines the position of the data point on the horizontal frequency axis Frequency information is relative to the center frequency Note that in realtime mode the span depends on the realtime bandwidth That also means that the distance of a data point to the center frequency can never exceed 20 MHz as the maximum realtime bandwidth is 40 MHz The second value defines the position of the data point on the vertical level axis By default level information
142. he R amp S ESR saves the smallest of the previously stored currently measured values in the trace memory This mode is useful e g for making an unmodulated carrier in a composite signal visible Noise interference signals or modulated signals are suppressed whereas a CW signal is recognized by its constant level Remote command DISP TRAC MODE MINH see DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt MODE on page 104 View Trace 1 to 4 The current contents of the trace memory are frozen and displayed Note If a trace is frozen the instrument settings apart from level range and reference level see below can be changed without impact on the displayed trace The fact that the displayed trace no longer matches the current instrument setting is indicated by the icon on the tab label If the level range or reference level is changed the R amp S ESR automatically adapts the measured data to the changed display range This allows an amplitude zoom to be made after the measurement in order to show details of the trace Remote command DISP TRAC MODE VIEW See DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t MODE on page 104 Blank Trace 1 to 4 Hides the selected trace Remote command DISP TRAC OFF see DISPlay WINDowcn TRACe t STATe on page 105 Detector Trace 1 to 4 Opens a submenu to select the detector Positive Peak Detector Trace 1 to 4 Selects the Positive Peak detector Remote command
143. he area you have defined The definition of the color map remains the same Inside the zoom area you can use the spectrogram functionality as usual like frame selection or scrolling through the spectrogram For quick comparisons of the zoomed spectrogram and the unzoomed one you can use the Replay Zoom On Off softkey in the Meas menu Zooming into the spectrogram causes the R amp S ESR to reprocess and reevaluate the data that has been measured previously and stored in the R amp S ESR memory The zoom also reduces the sweep time and or resolution bandwidth and span This in turn improves the resolution of the data while a graphical zoom merely interpolates the data and thus reduces the resolution B 1Pk Clrw SWT F 215 CF 775 0 MHz Span 5 0 MHz Aug 30 10 25 15 41544 B 1Pk Clrw SWT F CF 775 0 MHz Span 2 0 MHz Aug 30 10 25 15 41364 M User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 14 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays I II Sass The Spectrogram Result Display Because the zoom is based on data that has already been captured the zoom also allows for faster sweep times and thus spans than those possible during live measurements which are limited to 100 us As mentioned above selecting an area in the spectrogram to zoom into changes the sweep time and span and thus the start and stop frequencies of the diagrams It may also change the center frequency The magnitude of the change depends on the siz
144. he associated EVENt bit is 1 the sum bit is set to 1 as well This part can be written into and read by the user as required Its contents are not affected by reading Sum bit The sum bit is obtained from the EVENt and 1 part for each register The result is then entered into a bit of the CONDition part of the higher order register The instrument automatically generates the sum bit for each register Thus an event can lead to a service request throughout all levels of the hierarchy 6 5 2 Contents of the Status Register This chapter provides information on the contents of each status register the meaning for all bits that are used available for each operating mode p P P P PJP DA P User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 140 Status Registers 6 5 2 1 Status Register in Realtime Mode This chapter contains the description of the registers and bits available in realtime mode For a comprehensive description of the other status registers see the manual of the R amp S ESR The figure below shows the status registers available in realtime mode Status Registers amp ge AND 15 notused not used of all ons 3 B 12 2 8 HOOPy n progress LMARga 8FAIL LMARgh 7 FAI
145. he value range depends on the span or sweep time The unit is Hz for frequency domain measurements and s for time domain measurements Range 0 to MAX RST left diagram border E User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 136 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands a SS a a Analysis Example CALC MARK X SLIM ON Switches the search limit function on CALC MARK X SLIM LEFT 10MHz Sets the left limit of the search range to 10 MHz CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X SLIMits RIGHT Limit This command sets the right limit of the marker search range If the power measurement in zero span is active this command limits the evaluation range to the trace Note The function is only available if the search limit for marker and delta marker is switched on CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X SLIMits STATe Suffix n Selects the measurement window m irrelevant Parameters Limit The value range depends on the span or sweep time The unit is Hz for frequency domain measurements and s for time domain measurements Range 0 to MAX RST left diagram border Example CALC MARK X SLIM ON Switches the search limit function on CALC MARK X SLIM RIGH 20MHz Sets the right limit of the search range to 20 MHz CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X SLIMits STATe State This command turns marker search limits on and off Ifthe power measurement in zero span is active this command limits the eva
146. imum value is found on the trace level spacing to adjacent values lt peak excursion an execution error error code 200 is produced In Spectrogram mode this command positions the specified delta marker on the next peak level of the x axis The search includes only the data to the left of the current marker position in the current frame It does not change the position of the deltamarker on the y axis Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Example CALC DELT MIN RIGH Sets delta marker 1 to the next higher minimum value to the right of the current value 6 4 2 5 Positioning Delta Markers in the Spectrogram In addition to the commands mentioned in chapter 6 4 2 4 Positioning Delta Markers on page 127 the spectrogram also supports the commands described below lt gt lt gt 5 131 lt gt lt gt 131 lt gt lt gt 132 lt gt lt gt 132 lt gt lt gt
147. is relative to the reference level You can however turn the level axis to absolute scaling with the Y Axis Abs Rel button This also changes the unit of the vertical axis dB for relative data points dBm for absolute data points Adding data points To add a new data point press the Insert button or the Insert Value Above softkey The R amp S ESR always adds the data point to the left or in case of the table above of the currently selected data point The currently selected data point is highlighted gray in the table If no data point was selected previously the buttons add a new point next to the very first one Deleting data points The Delete button or the Delete Value softkey remove a data point from the mask The R amp S ESR deletes the currently selected data point If no data point is selected it deletes the first one The Delete button is inactive in that case Positioning data points There are two ways to move a single data point In the preview pane you can drag around the data points on the touchscreen or with a mouse and position it roughly in the place you want it to be A more exact method is to edit the data point table itself end enter the frequencies and levels as you need Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MASK LOWer DATA on page 100 CALCulate n MASK UPPer DATA on page 102 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 37 R amp S ESR K55 Measurement Basics 3 3 1 3 Triggering Measurements Shi
148. ker 1 to the next smaller maximum value to the right of the current value I User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 128 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands mm E S ee Analysis CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum LEFT This command positions the delta marker to the next higher trace minimum on the left of the current value i e descending X values The corresponding delta marker is activated first if necessary If no next higher minimum value is found on the trace level spacing to adjacent values lt peak excursion an execution error error code 200 is produced In Spectrogram mode this command positions the specified delta marker on the next peak level of the x axis The search includes only the data to the left of the current marker position in the current frame It does not change the position of the deltamarker on the y axis Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Example CALC DELT MIN LEFT Sets delta marker 1 to the next higher minimum to the left of the current value CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum NEXT This command positions the delta marker to the next higher trace minimum The corre sponding delta marker is activated first if necessary If no next higher minimum value is found on the trace level spacing to adjacent values lt peak excursion an execution error error code 200 is produced
149. late lt n gt MASK NAME on page 101 Parameters lt State gt ON OFF Example See chapter 6 3 5 2 Using the Frequency Mask Trigger on page 97 CALCulate lt n gt MASK UPPer DATA lt Frequency gt lt Level gt This command activates and defines the shape of the upper frequency mask trigger mask You have to select a mask before you can use this command with CALCulate lt n gt MASK NAME on page 101 The unit of the power levels depends on CALCulate lt n gt MASK MODE on page 101 If you are using the command with the vector network analysis option R amp S FSV K70 you can only use this command as a query SS ST User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 102 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands 6 4 6 4 1 Analysis Parameters lt Frequency gt N pairs of numerical values N is the number of data points the lt Level gt mask consists of Each data point is defined by the frequency in Hz and the ampli tude in dB or dBm All values are separated by commas Note that the data points have to be inside the current span Example See chapter 6 3 5 2 Using the Frequency Mask Trigger on page 97 TRIGger lt n gt SEQuence MASK CONDition lt Condition gt This command sets the condition that activates the frequency mask trigger Parameters lt Condition gt ENTer Triggers on entering the frequency mask LEAVing Triggers on leaving the frequency mask INSide The trigger is active as l
150. layed and provides access to the most important configuration functions The application provides two main ways to configure a measurement softkey menus and dialog boxes Softkey menus are located on the right side of the display They open when you press one of the keys on the R amp S ESR front panel or as a submenu when you press one of the softkeys Dialog boxes usually open when you press a particular softkey Note that for easy access some functions may be available in more than one softkey menu or dialog box 4 1 Result Display Selection For more information on the result displays available for realtime measurements see chapter 2 Measurements and Result Displays on page 7 Persistence Spectrum Starts the Persistence Spectrum result display Real Time Spectrum Starts the Realtime Spectrum result display Spectrogram Starts the Spectrogram result display Display Config Opens a dialog box to configure the screen layout For more information see chapter 2 Measurements and Result Displays on page 7 Remote command CALCulate lt n gt FEED on page 72 Replay Zoom On Off Turns the spectrogram zoom on and off L1 LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLIXSSMX User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 45 R amp S ESR K55 Configuration 4 2 4 2 1 Result Display Configuration For more information see chapter 2 2 3 2 Zooming into the Spectrogram
151. lays a a P Ru The Persistence Spectrum Result Display values Most of the colors in the color map are then concentrated on the low power levels spectrogram or densities histogram while only a few colors cover the upper end of the color map or high power levels or densities Moving the slider to the right shifts the focus to the higher amplitudes or densities Alternatively you can enter the shape of the color curve in the corresponding input field below the color curve pane A value of 0 corresponds to a linear shape negative values up to 1 shift the curve to the left positive values up to 1 shift the curve to the right DISPlay WINDow SGRam COLor SHAPe on page 81 2 3 The Persistence Spectrum Result Display The persistence spectrum is a two dimensional histogram that shows the statistical fre quency of any frequency and level combinations for every pixel on the display hits per pixel As the number of FFTs used to create the histogram is very large you can also look at it as a probability distribution Note that the word density in this context means how frequent a certain level and fre quency combination has occured during the measurement In principle the result display looks just like that of a conventional spectrum analyzer with the horizontal and vertical axis representing the frequency and level respectively Unlike the trace in a conventional spectrum analyzer the persistence spectrum includes a third type o
152. lected in exactly one frame That means that in single sweep mode it shows the data of one frame after it has finished the sweep The number of FFTs in one frame is variable and depends on the sweep time that you have set You can calculate the number of FFTs in each frame for a 40 MHz bandwidth with the following formula FFT N Granularity 250 000 sec Example If you have set a granularity of 0 5 seconds the number of FFTs that a frame and the trace contains is 125 000 Note that this number refers to the instantenuous histogram If you work with an active persistence you can also see the shadows of past histograms on the display The per sistence functionality displays all spectrums that were captured within the persistence time For more information on persistence refer to chapter 2 3 3 1 Using Persistence on page 26 Evaluating the data After it has collected the data of one frame the R amp S ESR copies all the spectrums inclu ded in that frame into the display If all spectrums were identical the resulting persistence spectrum would look like a line trace but in color However in reality none of the spec trums looks alike therefore the fact that many spectrums are on top of each other leads to a diagram that covers a two dimensional area on the screen instead of just a line There will be pixels that the spectrum runs through more often than others whose spec tral density is higher than el
153. lt n gt MASK UPPer SHIFt X lt Frequency gt This command shifts the lower frequency mask horizontally by a specified distance Pos itive values move the mask to the right negative values shift the mask to the left You have to select a mask before you can use this command with CALCulate lt n gt MASK NAME on page 101 E MM User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 101 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands ee Configuration Parameters lt Frequency gt Defines the distance of the shift Example See chapter 6 3 5 2 Using the Frequency Mask Trigger on page 97 CALCulate lt n gt MASK UPPer SHIFt Y lt Level gt This command shifts the upper frequency mask vertically by a specified distance Positive values move the mask upwards negative values shift the mask downwards You have to select a mask before you can use this command with CALCulate lt n gt MASK NAME on page 101 Parameters lt Level gt Defines the distance of the shift The shift is relative to the current position Default unit dB Example See chapter 6 3 5 2 Using the Frequency Mask Trigger on page 97 CALCulate lt n gt MASK UPPer STATe lt State gt This command turns the upper frequency mask on and off Before making any changes to a frequency mask you have to select one by name with CALCu
154. luation range on the trace Suffix n Selects the measurement window m marker Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC MARK X SLIM ON Switches on search limitation e User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 137 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands mm a a ee Analysis CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X SLIMits ZOOM lt State gt This command sets the limits of the marker search range to the zoom area Note The function is only available if the search limit for marker and delta marker is switched on see CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X SLIMits STATe Suffix lt n gt irrelevant lt m gt irrelevant Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC MARK X SLIM Z00M Switches the search limit function on CALC MARK X SLIM RIGH 20MHz Sets the right limit of the search range to 20 MHz CALCulate lt n gt THReshold lt Threshold gt This command defines a threshold value for the marker peak search A threshold line is automatically turned on Suffix lt n gt irrelevant Parameters lt Threshold gt The unit depends on CALCulate lt n gt UNIT POWer RST STATe to OFF Example CALC THR 82DBM Sets the threshold value to 82 dBm CALCulate lt n gt THReshold STATe lt State gt This command turns the threshold line for the marker peak search on and off Suffix lt n gt irrelevant Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Exa
155. lyzer it is also possible to set the marker with this command You can select whether to query the results of the persistence trace or the maxhold trace with CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt TRACe on page 113 To get a valid result you have to perform a complete measurement with synchronization to the end of the measurement before reading out the result This is only possible for single sweeps The unit of results depends on the result display and the unit you have selected Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Parameters lt MarkerPosition gt Defines the vertical marker position in the persistence spectrum result display Return values lt Result gt The measured value of the selected marker is returned Example INIT CONT OFF Switches to single sweep mode CALC MARK2 ON Switches marker 2 INIT WAI Starts a sweep and waits for the end CALC MARK2 Y Outputs the measured value of marker 2 In Analyzer mode for Real Imag I Q for example 1 852719887E 011 0 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 111 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands a a Se Analysis CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt Z This command queries the z axis value of the indicated marker in the persistence spec trum result display You can select whether to query the results of the persistence trace or the maxhold trace with CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt TRACe on pa
156. mand You can either set the delta marker on an absoulte position or a position relative to the marker depending on the marker mode CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MODE on page 112 The query however always returns the relative position You can select whether to query the results of the persistence trace or the maxhold trace with CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt TRACe on page 113 To get a valid result you have to perform a complete measurement with synchronization to the end of the measurement before reading out the result This is only possible for single sweeps The unit of results depends on the result display and the unit you have selected Suffix n Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Example INIT CONT OFF Switches to single sweep mode INIT WAI Starts a sweep and waits for its end CALC DELT2 ON Switches on delta marker 2 CALC DELT2 Y Outputs measurement value of delta marker 2 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt Z This command queries the z axis value of the indicated delta marker in the persistence spectrum result display You can select whether to query the results of the persistence trace or the maxhold trace with CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt TRACe on page 113 Return values percentage The return value is the percentage of hits on the marker position Usage Query only Mode RT DISPlay MTABle lt DisplayM
157. marker 3 to trace 2 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt X lt Position gt This command positions a delta marker on a particular coordinate on the x axis The position is an absolute value Suffix lt n gt lt m gt Parameters lt Position gt Example Selects the measurement window Selects the marker 0 to maximum frequency or sweep time CALC DELT X Outputs the absolute frequency time of delta marker 1 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt X RELative This command queries the x value of the selected delta marker relative to marker 1 or to the reference position for CALC DELT FUNC FIX STAT ON The command activates the corresponding delta marker if necessary Suffix lt n gt lt m gt Example Selects the measurement window Selects the marker CALC DELT3 X REL Outputs the frequency of delta marker 3 relative to marker 1 or relative to the reference position User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 114 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands a u Analysis CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt Y This command queries the measured value of a delta marker The corresponding delta marker is activated if necessary The output is always a relative value referred to marker 1 or to the reference position reference fixed active In the persistence spectrum result display of the realtime analyzer it is also possible to set the delta marker with this com
158. mation see chapter 3 3 4 Using Pre and Posttrigger on page 39 Auto Rearm Immediately rearms the trigger after a measurement has been triggered Any further trigger events trigger a new measurement Displayed data will be overwritten Remote command TRIGger MODE on page 95 Stop On Trigger Stops the measurement after a measurements has been triggered Any further trigger events are ignored Displayed data remains Remote command TRIGger MODE on page 95 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 59 R amp S ESR K55 Analysis Working with Traces 5 Analysis 5 1 Working with Traces Trace xor aa 60 60 Lbs 60 since th e tr bored cop pq Ried Quid 61 S mere 61 E rr 61 ra Doom es Eie lade Ra ridus acr d 61 Dio ERO iaa 61 L Negative Peak trees 62 E o o E 62 CODY 62 Trace m 62 ASCII Trace 62 M M EE 62 1 4 Selects the active trace 1 2 3 or 4 and opens the Trace Mode submenu for the selected trace Note that in Spectrum mode 6 traces ar
159. mode 3 3 4 Working with the Frequency Mask Trigger The Frequency Mask Trigger FMT is a trigger designed to trigger measurements if the signal violates certain conditions with respect to a frequency mask that you can define prior to the measurement To create and edit a frequency mask you can access the corresponding dialog box via the Frequency Mask softkey in the trigger menu L L L L LLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLLULLUU ULIS User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 34 R amp S ESR K55 3 3 1 1 Measurement Basics Triggering Measurements Opening the dialog box also opens a softkey submenu that contains various functionality to work with frequency masks Name Comment Position Value 0 00 dB 12 0000 MHz 4 0000 MHz 40 00 dB 40 00 dB 4 0000 MHz 12 0000 MHz 0 00 dB Name and description of the frequency mask Mask point table table containing all mask points Preview pane Frequency mask preview the area the frequency mask currently covers is red Frequency mask data points define the shape of the frequency mask Preview of the current measurement trace type and shape depend on currently selected measurement Insert button insert a new data points Shift X button shifts the complete frequency mask horizontally 9 Delete button deletes an existing data points 10 Shift Y button shift
160. mple CALC THR STAT Switches on the threshold line E User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 138 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands Status Registers 6 5 Status Registers The status reporting system stores information about the current state of the R amp S ESR This includes for example information about errors during operation or information about limit checks The R amp S ESR stores this information in the status registers and in the error queue You can query the status register and error queue via IEC bus The R amp S ESR K40 features several status registers that are specific to phase noise measurements Here is a description of those including the corresponding remote com mands e Structure of a SCPI Status Register eiit REI 139 e Contents of tho Status Register eene neenon ea 140 o m 144 6 5 1 Structure of a SCPI Status Register Each standard SCPI register consists of 5 parts Each part has a width of 16 bits and has different functions The individual bits are independent of each other i e each hardware status is assigned a bit number which is valid for all five parts Bit 15 the most significant bit is set to zero for all parts Thus the contents of the register parts can be processed by the controller as positive integers States events or summary bits of other registers Simplified diagram i l i i i
161. n however customize the display of the R amp S ESR as you like You can add or remove a result display by checking or unchecking the Screen Active item and define the corresponding result display with the radio button below The Predefined tab contains customized screen layouts Some of those are already provided with the firmware You can also add your own screen layouts to the list in order to avoid configuring the screen every time you start the R amp S ESR The Add button adds a new screen layout to the list Pressing the Apply button applies the screen layout you have selected and the Remove button removes the selected layout from the list If you want to restore the default configurations press the Restore button CALCulate lt n gt FEED on page 72 e The Realtime Spectrum Result 222 1 7 e The Spectrogram Result Display erre rentre ibn nee 9 e The Persistence Spectrum Result 21 2 1 The Realtime Spectrum Result Display In principle the realtime spectrum result display looks just like the result display of a conventional spectrum analyzer It is a two dimensional diagram that contains a line trace that shows the power levels for each frequency for a particular bandwidth or span with the horizontal and vertical axis representing frequency and amplitude The big difference to a conventional spectrum analyzer
162. n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Parameters lt SearchArea gt VISible Performs a search in the visible frames Note that VISible is ignored if Spectrogram is not visible for any reason e g if the Spectrum Analyzer is in full screen mode or display update is inactive MEMory Performs a search over all frames in the memory RST VISible Example CALC DELT SGR SAR MEM Performs a search over all frames in the memory CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt SGRam XY MAXimum PEAK This command positions the specified marker on the current peak level of the spectro gram The possible position depends on the marker search area The command is available for the spectrogram For more information see CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt SGRam SARea on page 122 EN User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 122 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands ee eS M Analysis Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Example CALC MARK2 SGR SAR VIS CALC MARK2 SGR XY MAX Activates and positions marker 2 on the peak level in the visible Spectrogram Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt SGRam XY MINimum PEAK This command positions the specified marker on the current minimum level of the spec trogram The possible position depends on the marker search area The command is available for the spectrogram For more i
163. n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum PEAK This command positions the delta marker to the current trace maximum If necessary the corresponding delta marker is activated first In Spectrogram mode this command positions the specified delta marker on the next peak level of the x axis The search includes only the data to the left of the current marker position in the current frame It does not change the position of the deltamarker on the y axis Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Example CALC DELT3 MAX Sets delta marker 3 to the maximum value of the associated trace CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum RIGHt This command positions the delta marker to the next smaller trace maximum on the right of the current value i e ascending X values The corresponding delta marker is activated first if necessary If no next higher minimum value is found on the trace level spacing to adjacent values lt peak excursion an execution error error code 200 is produced In Spectrogram mode this command positions the specified delta marker on the next peak level of the x axis The search includes only the data to the left of the current marker position in the current frame It does not change the position of the deltamarker on the y axis Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Example CALC DELT MAX RIGH Sets delta mar
164. n page 97 CALCulate lt n gt MASK COMMent lt Comment gt This command defines a comment for the frequency mask that you have selected with CALCulate lt n gt MASK NAME on page 101 Parameters lt Comment gt String containing the comment for the frequency mask Example See chapter 6 3 5 2 Using the Frequency Mask Trigger on page 97 CALCulate lt n gt MASK DELete This command deletes the currently selected frequency mask Before making any changes to a frequency mask you have to select one by name with CALCulate lt n gt MASK NAME on page 101 Example See chapter 6 3 5 2 Using the Frequency Mask Trigger on page 97 Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MASK LOWer SHIFt X lt Frequency gt This command shifts the lower frequency mask horizontally by a specified distance Pos itive values move the mask to the right negative values shift the mask to the left Before making any changes to a frequency mask you have to select one by name with CALCulate lt n gt MASK NAME on page 101 Parameters lt Frequency gt Defines the distance of the shift Default unit Hz Example See chapter 6 3 5 2 Using the Frequency Mask Trigger on page 97 E User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 99 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands Eee ees Configuration CALCulate lt n gt MASK LOWer SHIFt Y lt Level gt This command shifts the lo
165. nalyzer measurement principle 7 Note that the time axis is not true to scale Blind time is a lot shorter in reality 1 7 Signals are captured by the sweep 2 Signal is missed by the sweep because of LO flyback blind time Because of a number of reasons a realtime analyzer does not lose any information First there is no LO flyback because the LO of the realtime analyzer is set to a fixed frequency Second it performs overlapping Fast Fourier Transformations FFT instead of sweeping the spectrum or performing one FFT after another The overlap of FFTs also ensures that the R amp S ESR can process pulses with a length of at least one FFT with correct levels Third the R amp S ESR captures data and performs FFTs at the same time instead of sequentially capturing data and performing FFT To get the results the R amp S ESR simultaneously performs several processing stages e Acquiring the data e Processing the data EN User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 29 R amp S ESR K55 Measurement Basics RF signal 20 Hz 10 fina Attenuator Data Acquisition and Processing in a Realtime Analyzer e Displaying the data VQ Memory Realtime Unit Freq Mask Freq Domain Preamplifier Realtime Spectrum Spectrogram Persistence Spectrum Detector Sweep Time Trigger FFT 250 000 sec meas points e a Sweep Time Time Domain
166. ned value All PTRansition parts are set to FFFFh i e all transitions from O to 1 are detected All NTRansition parts are set to 0 i e a transition from 1 to 0 in a CONDition bit is not detected The ENABle part of the STATus OPERation and STATus QUEStionable reg isters are set to O i e all events in these registers are not passed on Example STAT PRES Usage SCPI confirmed STATus QUEue NEXT This command queries the earliest error queue entry and deletes it Positive error numbers indicate device specific errors negative error numbers are error messages defined by SCPI If the error queue is empty the error number 0 No error is returned This command is identical to the SYSTem ERRor NEXT command Example STAT QUES Usage Query only SCPI confirmed Reading out the EVENt Part For more information on the event part see chapter 6 5 1 Structure of a SCPI Status Register on page 139 STATus OPERation EVENt STATus QUEStionable EVENt STATus QUEStionable FREQuency EVENt STATus QUEStionable LIMit lt n gt EVENt STATus QUEStionable LMARgin lt n gt EVENt STATus QUEStionable POWer EVENt STATus QUEStionable TIME EVENt These commands read out the EVENt section of the status register At the same time the commands delete the contents of the EVENt section Usage Query only Reading Out the CONDition Part For more information on the condition part see chapter 6 5 1 Structure
167. nformation seecALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt SGRam SARea on 122 Suffix n 1 4 Selects the measurement window lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Example CALC MARK3 SGR SAR VIS CALC MARK3 SGR XY MIN Activates and positions marker 3 on the minimum level in the visi ble Spectrogram Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt SGRam Y MAXimum ABOVe This command positions the specified marker on the next peak level of the vertical axis The search includes only frames above the current marker position It does not change the horizontal position of the marker The command is available for the spectrogram Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker E User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 123 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands mMM ed Analysis Example CALC MARK2 SGR Y MAX Activates and positions marker 2 on the peak level of the y axis CALC MARK2 SCR Y MAX ABV Positions marker 2 on the next higher level found in the diagram area above the current marker position Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt SGRam Y MAXimum BELow This command positions the specified marker on the next peak level of the vertical axis The search includes only frames below the current marker position It does not change the horizontal position of the marker The command is available for the spectrogram Suffix
168. ngle measurement the R amp S ESR stops measuring when it has reached the end frequency When you start a continuous measurement it stops only if you abort it deliberately If you are using trace modes MAXHold MINHold and AVERage previous results are reset when you restart the measurement In single sweep mode you can synchronize to the end of the measurement with OPC OPC or WAT In continuous sweep mode synchronization to the end of the measure ment is not possible Thus it is not recommended that you use continuous sweep mode in remote control as results like trace data or markers are only valid after a single sweep end synchronization Example INIT2 CONT OFF Selects single measurement mode SWE COUN 20 Forms an average over 20 measurements INIT2 Starts the measurement and waits for the end of the complete measurement E User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 93 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands a Configuration Usage Event SENSe SWEep COUNt lt NumberSweeps gt This command defines the number of sweeps started with single sweep which are used for calculating the average or maximum value If the values 0 or 1 are set one sweep is performed Parameters lt NumberSweeps gt 01032767 RST 0 GSM 200 PHN 1 Example SWE COUN 64 Sets the number of sweeps to 64 INIT CONT OFF Switches to single sweep mode INIT WAI Starts a sweep and waits for its end SENSe SWEep T
169. no longer visible in the result display To see the marker in that case you have to select it first For more information see e chapter 2 2 3 1 Working with the Spectrogram History on page 12 Setting a marker on a trigger event In the spectrogram you can set the marker directly on the most recent trigger event with the Marker to Trigger softkey available in the marker to menu The functionality is avail able only if there was a trigger event already For a list of remote commands to control markers and deltamarkers see chapter 6 4 2 3 Positioning Markers in the Spectrogram on page 121 e chapter 6 4 2 5 Positioning Delta Markers in the Spectrogram on page 130 Markers in the Persistence Spectrum If you press the MKR key in the persistence spectrum the R amp S ESR activates a marker and opens a dialog box to define the position of the marker In the persistence spectrum the marker looks like cross hairs with the center focusing on the pixel that you want to analyze A Marker in the persistence spectrum has two coordinates The first coordinate defines the frequency position of the marker The second coordinate defines the position on the amplitude axis In addition to those two values the marker provides the number of times the pixel it is on has been hit by the signal The result is the statistical frequency in As soon as the first marker is active the R amp S ESR also shows the marker information in the diag
170. nt window lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Example CALC DELT2 SGR Y MIN Activates and positions delta marker 2 on the minimum level of the y axis CALC DELT2 SGR Y MAX BEL Positions delta marker 2 on the next minimum level found in the diagram area below the current marker position Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam Y MINimum NEXT This command positions the specified delta marker on the next minimum level of the vertical axis The search includes frames above and below the current marker position It does not change the horizontal position of the delta marker The command is available for the spectrogram Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Example CALC DELT2 SGR Y MIN Activates and positions delta marker 2 on the minimum level of the y axis CALC DELT2 SGR Y MIN NEXT Positions delta marker 2 on the next minimum level Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt SGRam Y MINimum PEAK This command positions the specified delta marker on the current minimum level of the vertical axis The search is performed over all captured frames It does not change the horizontal position of the delta marker The command is available for the spectrogram E User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 135 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands 6 4 2 6 Analysis Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window
171. ode gt This command turns the marker table on and off I User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 115 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands 6 4 2 2 Analysis Parameters lt DisplayMode gt ON Marker table is displayed OFF Marker table is not displayed AUTO Marker table is only displayed if 2 or more markers are active RST AUTO Example To activate the table display DISP MTAB ON To query the current state of the marker table display DISP MTAB Positioning Markers CALCulate n MARKer m FUNCtion CENTer cessere 116 lt gt lt gt 116 lt gt lt gt nnne snnm 117 lt gt lt gt enne nennen nennen nnn 117 lt gt lt gt 118 lt gt lt gt 0 nennen enne 118 lt gt lt gt
172. ong as the signal is inside the frequency mask OUTSide The trigger is active as long as the signal is outside the frequency mask RST INSide Example See chapter 6 3 5 2 Using the Frequency Mask Trigger on page 97 Analysis Working With NICO c HEUTE 103 e Using tete In 107 Working with Traces DISPlayWINDewsns ERACSSISSMODE padecen ott eoru deca 104 DISPlay WINDow n TRACe t MODE HCONtinuous eese 104 lt gt lt gt 9 2 105 NN ob caduta ME n 105 FORMSEDEXPort DSEP OMOT 106 MMEManeS TORSSDET RAO dena CRANE 106 1 lt gt 106 TRACE COPY 107 TRAC D DATA 107 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 103 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands u T M M M aM ees Analysis DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt MODE Mode This command defines the type of display and the evaluation of the traces WRITE cor responds to the Clr Write mode of manual operation The trace i
173. or error code 200 is produced In Spectrogram mode this command positions the specified delta marker on the next peak level of the x axis The search includes only the data to the left of the current marker position in the current frame It does not change the position of the deltamarker on the y axis Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Example CALC DELT MAX LEFT Sets delta marker 1 to the next smaller maximum value to the left of the current value CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum NEXT This command positions the delta marker to the next smaller trace maximum The cor responding delta marker is activated first if necessary If no next higher minimum value is found on the trace level spacing to adjacent values lt peak excursion an execution error error code 200 is produced User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 127 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands u T M M a au ee Analysis In Spectrogram mode this command positions the specified delta marker on the next peak level of the x axis The search includes only the data to the left of the current marker position in the current frame It does not change the position of the deltamarker on the y axis Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Example CALC DELT2 MAX NEXT Sets delta marker 2 to the next smaller maximum value CALCulate lt
174. or bandwidths necessary to measure the signal according to EMC standards The Receiver mode is the default mode of the R amp S ESR The R amp S ESR also provides function for IF analysis if you have equipped your R amp S ESR with firmware application R amp S ESR K53 IF analysis is not a separate measurement mode but is integrated into the Receiver mode For more information on functionality available for the Receiver mode see the documen tation of the R amp S ESR SCPI command INST REC 1 2 Spectrum Mode In Spectrum mode the provided functions correspond to those of a conventional spectrum analyzer The analyzer measures the frequency spectrum of the RF input signal over the selected frequency range with the selected resolution and sweep time or for a fixed frequency displays the waveform of the video signal The Spectrum mode also provides spectrogram measurements The spectrogram is not a separate measurement mode but rather a trace evaluation mode Note also that the Spectrogram available in Spectrum mode is independent of that available in real time mode It provides similar functionality but uses different data acquisition methods User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 5 R amp S ESR K55 Measurement Modes 1 3 1 4 1 5 Analyzer Mode For more information on functionality available for the Receiver mode see the documen tation of the R amp S ESR SCPI command INST SAN Analyzer Mode The I Q Analyzer
175. osttrigger is active the R amp S ESR includes this period in the result display The pretrigger period may not be displayed You can return to the default state continuous triggering with the Auto Rearm softkey TRIGger MODE on page 95 3 4 Using Markers All ofthe result displays available in realtime spectrum mode support marker functionality Markers are a means to mark points of interest in the diagram to read out measurement results or to quickly get hold of measurement results that are currently not visible In most result displays you can either use markers or deltamarkers with deltamarkers always having a relative position to a normal marker The marker that you can control is the active marker The R amp S ESR displays all necessary information about the active marker inside the dia gram area in the marker information field The information that is displayed depends on the result display This chapter describes distinctive features of the marker functionality for the result dis plays in realtime spectrum mode For general information about markers and the contents of the marker marker to and marker function softkey menus see e chapter 5 2 Using Markers on page 63 3 4 4 Markers in a Spectrogram Upon pressing the MKR key the R amp S ESR opens an input field to define the position of the first marker User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 40 R amp S ESR K55 Measurement Basics Using Markers 25 0 kH I 1
176. ou do not name the file in the dialog box the R amp S ESR names the file like the name of the frequency mask itself Load Mask The Load softkey opens a dialog box to restore a frequency mask The dialog box contains all frequency masks already on the hard disk of the R amp S ESR Select the mask you need and confirm the selection with the Load button Remote command Path selection CALCulate lt n gt MASK CDIRectory on page 99 Load mask CALCulate lt n gt MASK NAME page 101 Delete Mask The Delete softkey opens a dialog box to delete a previously saved frequency mask EIN User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 38 R amp S ESR K55 Measurement Basics Triggering Measurements The Delete button deletes the file Note that you have to confirm the deletion process Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MASK DELete on page 99 3 3 2 Using the Time Domain Trigger The time domain trigger is a trigger designed to trigger measurements if the signal exceeds a particular power level Activate and define a power level for the time domain trigger by pressing the Time Domain Trigger softkey in the trigger menu The time domain trigger is available for measurements in the time domain You can turn it off by selecting the free run mode TRIGger lt n gt SEQuence TDTRigger LEVel on page 96 3 3 3 Using Other Triggers Besides the frequency mask trigger and the time domain trigger the R amp S ESR features various
177. ow lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Example CALC MARK2 SGR Y MAX Activates and positions marker 2 on the peak level of the y axis Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt SGRam Y MINimum ABOVe This command positions the specified marker on the next minimum level of the vertical axis The search includes only frames above the current marker position It does not change the horizontal position of the marker The command is available for the spectrogram Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Example CALC MARK2 SGR Y MIN Activates and positions marker 2 on the minimum level of the y axis CALC MARK2 SGR Y MIN ABOV Positions marker 2 on the next minimum level found in the diagram area above the current marker position Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt SGRam Y MINimum BELow This command positions the specified marker on the next minimum level of the vertical axis The search includes only frames below the current marker position It does not change the horizontal position of the marker The command is available for the spectrogram Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window H User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 125 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands ee ee a ed Analysis lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Example CALC MARK2 SGR Y MIN Activates and positions marker 2 on the minimum le
178. pling Ratio menu The R amp S ESR provides several coupling ratios from which you can select A small resolution bandwidth has several advantages The smaller the resolution band width the better you can observe signals whose frequencies are close together and the less noise is displayed However a small resolution bandwidth also leads to a slower measurement as it takes the filter more time to settle That means that if you increase or decrease the resolution bandwidth the R amp S ESR adjusts the sweep time accordingly The R amp S ESR has resolution bandwidths from 500 mHz to 200 kHz in 1 2 5 steps 1 Hz 2Hz 5Hz 10 Hz etc You can set the resolution bandwidth with the Manual Res BW softkey In addition you can select several 6 dB resolution bandwidths You can turn the func tionality on with the Res BW 6 dB On Off softkey and then select the available band widths with the Res BW Manual softkey For more information on these EMI bandwidths see the manual of the R amp S ESR SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution on page 85 SENSe BANDwidth BWIDth RESolution AUTO on page 86 3 3 Triggering Measurements To respond to certain events and trigger a measurement when that event happens the R amp S ESR offers several trigger functions You can access these via the TRIG key and the corresponding softkey menu This chapter describes trigger functions available for the measurements in realtime spec trum analyzer
179. r 2 to the next higher minimum value to the right of the current value Usage Event Positioning Markers in the Spectrogram In addition to the commands mentioned in chapter 6 4 2 2 Positioning Markers on page 116 the spectrogram also supports the commands described below lt gt lt gt 5 2 121 lt gt lt gt 5 5 122 lt gt lt gt 5 4 4 122 lt gt lt gt 5 1 nnn 123 lt gt lt gt 123 lt gt lt gt 124 lt gt lt gt 5 124 lt gt lt gt 125 lt gt lt gt 125 lt gt
180. r a longer time on the result display which makes it easier not to miss them This fact also makes it easier to monitor the spectrum and e g observe interfering signals in a frequency band reserved for a particular application When monitoring the spectrum with the persistence spectrum you can not only see interfering signals but also observe the frequency with which they occur and therefore derive from the density if it was a one time occurence only or if the interfering signal is transmitted regularily There are however limits to the information the persistence spectrum is capable to pro vide If you need to know for example how long a particular frequency level combination is present you have to use another result display because the persistence spectrum doesn t tell whether there is a single very long pulse e g one 5 ms pulse or several short ones e g ten 50 us pulses Configuring the Persistence Spectrum You can customize the persistence spectrum in several ways You can change the colors with which the densities are visualized you can change the persistence of the data and change the style of the displayed results TRACe lt n gt DATA on page 107 Using Persistence Persistence is a term to describe the time period shadows of past histogram traces remain visible in the display before fading away The term persistence has its origins in cathode ray tube devices CRTs It describes the time period one point on the displ
181. r frequency 8 Span Applications of the Realtime Spectrum Just like the spectrum results of a conventional analyzer you can find many applications for the realtime spectrum result display If you use it as a standalone result display the advantage of the realtime spectrum result display is the ability to monitor the spectrum without losing information The best way to use this feature however is to combine the realtime spectrum result display with the spectrogram result display in split screen mode The spectrogram shows the results with a large history depth but is not suited for detailed analysis of the data You can however select a particular frame in the spectrogram s history with the marker and recall the spectrum of that frame for further and more detailed and full analysis of the measured signal The picture below shows that application The realtime spectrum is not the currently measured spectrum but the one that was measured at the time of marker 1 The realtime spectrum corresponds to the spectrogram frame of the marker position User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 8 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays The Spectrogram Result Display A 1Pk Clrw a m m 80 dBm T BERN eA 120 dBm CF 20 0 MHz Span 40 0 MHz B e 1Pk Clrw B 3 w 3 ah CF 20 0 MHz Span 40 0 MHz 2010 May 05 13 09 18 641 Fig 2 1 Simultaneous display of
182. race is in the background of the result display with a lower intensity than the histogram By default the maxhold trace is inactive i e it has an intensity of 0 You can however adjust the color intensity to the point where the maxhold trace has the same intensity as the regular histogram The maxhold trace is also multicolored Applications of the Persistence Spectrum The persistence spectrum is useful for any measurement task that requires information about the statistical frequency of a spectral event When you know the relative frequency of an event you can also deduce the probability with which that event will occur E User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 25 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays 2 3 3 2 3 3 1 The Persistence Spectrum Result Display A typical application for the persistence spectrum is the detection of weak or hidden sig nals that occur infrequent Weak signals may be hidden in the noise or occur in between strong pulses and therefore cannot be detected with standard result displays The per sistence spectrum on the other hand shows those signals because they have a different probability than other signals With a different probability the color mapping also is dif ferent and it is easy for you to identify those signals You can also identify spurs more easily with the persistence spectrum because their probability differs With an active persistence you can also see them or their shadows fo
183. ram area All results concerning normal markers are absolute values frequency and level while results of the frequency and amplitude information of a deltamarker are relative to the normal marker The statistical frequency distribution that the marker also shows is always absolute Defining the trace to put the marker on In the persistence spectrum result display you can place each marker either on the per sistence trace or the maxhold trace if it is active The R amp S ESR then returns the data of the marker position for the corresponding trace You can select the trace with the Cur rent Maxhold softkey CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt TRACe on page 109 ST User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 42 R amp S ESR K55 Measurement Basics Detector Overview 3 5 Detector Overview The measurement detector for the individual display modes can be selected directly by the user or set automatically by the R amp S ESR The detector activated for the specific trace is indicated in the corresponding trace display field by an abbreviation For more information on available detectors see the documentation of the base unit All detectors work in parallel in the background which means that the measurement speed is independent of the detector combination used for different traces Number of measured values During a frequency sweep the R amp S ESR increments the first local oscillator in steps that are smaller than approximately 1 10
184. rameters lt State gt ON OFF Example DISP WIND ZOOM STAT ON Turns the zoom on Using the Persistence Spectrum Result Display Configuring the Persistence Spectrum DISPlay WINDow SUBWindow TRACe MAXHold RESet eee 73 DISPlay WINDow n SUBWindow m TRACe t MAXHolq INTensity 74 1 lt gt 50 lt gt 5 74 DISPlay WINDow n SUBWindow m TRACe t PERSistence DURation 74 DISPlay WINDow SUBWindow TRACe PERSistence GRANUlarity cesses 74 DISPlay WINDow n SUBWindow m TRACe t PERSistence STATe 75 DISPlay WINDow n SUBWindow m TRACe t SYMB2OIl eene 75 DISPlay WINDow SUBWindow TRACe MAXHold RESet This command resets the maxhold trace in the persistence spectrum result display Usage Event Mode RT EMN User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 73 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands b a SS Measurements and Result Displays DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SUBWindow lt m gt TRACe lt t gt MAXHold INTensity lt intensity gt RESet This command defines the color intensity of the maxhold persistence spectrum Parameters lt intensity gt Sets the color intensity of the maxhold trace Setting an intensity of 0 turns the m
185. realtime spectrum and spectrogram showing a past spectrum 2 2 The Spectrogram Result Display The spectrogram result display shows the spectral density of a signal in the frequency domain and over time simultaneously It provides an overview of the spectrum over time and so allows for an easy detection of anomalies and interfering signals Like the realtime spectrum the horizontal axis represents the frequency span The ver tical axis represents time Time in the spectrogram runs chronologically from top to bot tom Therefore the top of the diagram is the most recently recorded data The spectro gram also shows the power levels for every realtime spectrum trace To display the level information the R amp S ESR maps different colors to each power level that has been mea sured The result is therefore still a two dimensional diagram CALCulate lt n gt FEED on page 72 The process to get the spectrogram result display is as follows e capturing the data from the realtime trace e coloring the results e processing the data The stages occur at the same time User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 9 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays pec SS SS SSSSS S SSSS S aaBD2A A9AA A9D E D9D9a EEE The Spectrogram Result Display Capturing the data The spectrogram uses the realtime spectrum traces as its data basis The data capture process is therefore the sam
186. requency in Hz and the level in dB or dBm All values are separated by commas Note that the data points have to be inside the current span Example See chapter 6 3 5 2 Using the Frequency Mask Trigger on page 97 EMN User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 100 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands b O M pm Configuration CALCulate lt n gt MASK MODE lt Mode gt This command defines the scaling of the level axis for frequency masks Parameters lt Mode gt ABSolute absolute scaling of the level axis RELative relative scaling of the level axis RST RELative CALCulate lt n gt MASK NAME lt Name gt This command creates or selects a frequency mask with the name that you specify by the parameter When you use it as a query the command returns the name of the mask currently in use Parameters lt Name gt String containing the name of the mask Note that an empty string does not select a frequency mask CALCulate lt n gt MASK SPAN lt Span gt This command defines the frequency span of the frequency mask Parameters lt Span gt Range 100 Hz to 40 MHz RST 40 MHz Example CALC MASK SPAN 10 MHz Defines a span of 10 MHz CALCulate lt n gt MASK UPPer AUTO This command automatically defines the shape of an upper frequency mask according to the spectrum that is currently measured Example See chapter 6 3 5 2 Using the Frequency Mask Trigger on page 97 Usage Event CALCulate
187. rker Stepsize remote control Marker Table Off On Aut remote control T Marker Table On Off Marker to Trace remote control Marker Wizard m Marker Zoom remote control Aue Min remote control More M rKels iia trennt Next MIM Next Min remote control Next Mode lt abs gt Next Peak itr ritenere etn Next Peak remote control 117 118 119 121 127 128 129 130 Range Lin Unit Range Lin Unit remote control Range Linear 96 neret teatros Range Linear 96 remote control Range Log remote control Range Log 100 dB Range Log 10 dB sed 2 Range bog 1 dB Range Log 50 dB 1 irt eiectus Range Log 5 dB Range Log Ref Level Offset mere Ref Level Offset remote control 3 Ref Level Position rrt Ref EVI SMKr EI etit roro trier Ref Lvl Mkr Lvl remote control 2 Res BW remote control Res BW Auto remote control Res BW Manual remot
188. rogram History on page 12 By default the currently shown realtime spectrum trace corresponds to the spectrogram frame that has been recorded last In single sweep mode you can however recall the spectrums up to a maximum of 100 000 frames and evaluate them at a later time The number of spectrums available depends on the history depth 2 2 1 Screen Layout 1Pk Cirw Q 944 8 MHz Q5 20 0 MHz 07 05 14 26 22 73703 1 Window number shows the window of the result display A through D 2 7 Trace information includes trace mode and detector 3 Color Map 4 Spectrogram 5 Marker indicator shows the vertical position of the active marker 6 Markers and deltamarkers 7 Center frequency 8 Span 9 Time stamp information if time stamp is inactive this shows the shows the currently active frame instead 2 2 2 Applications of the Spectrogram Result Display The spectrogram provides an easy way to monitor the changes of a signal s frequency and amplitude over time Typically it is used for measurements in which time is a factor However there are a lot of applications you could think of A typical applications of a spectrogram is the monitoring of telecommunications systems that are based on frequency hopping techniques e g GSM Using the spectrogram you can see at a glance whether slots are allocated correctly or not In addition the result display also provides information on the time a particular channel is
189. rrent configuration could be a color map that you can optimize for better visuali zation of the measured signal e g if the results cover only a small part of the color map In the resulting trace it would be hard to distinguish between values that are close together There are several ways to optimize the distribution of the colors over the results and then get the best viewing results Note that the following examples are based on the Hot color scheme and the spectro gram Color settings in the histogram are the same with the exception of the unit of the color map that is in the histogram If something applies to the spectrogram only you ll find a note at that place The easiest way to adjust the colors is to use the color range sliders in the Color Map ping dialog In the histogram that is in the background of the color curve pane grey bars you can Observe the distribution of measurement results If no significant shifts in result distribu tion occur after evaluating this for a time you can adjust the color map to the overall shape of the measurement results To do so and still cover the whole signal move the sliders in a way that the first and last bar of the histogram are still inside the range You can optimize the display further if you suppress the noise by excluding the lower 10 to 20 dB of the distribution Note that the color map has to cover at least 1096 of the range of the horizontal axis User Manual 1175 7074 02
190. rs lt State gt ON OFF RST ON Example CALC MARK LOEX ON CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt STATe State This command turns markers on and off If the corresponding marker number is currently active as a deltamarker it is turned into a normal marker Suffix n Selects the measurement window m depends on mode Selects the marker Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC MARK3 ON Switches on marker 3 or switches to marker mode CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt TRACe Trace This command selects the trace a marker is positioned on The corresponding trace must have a trace mode other than Blank If necessary the corresponding marker is switched on prior to the assignment EM User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 109 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands u T M M l au ee Analysis In the persistence spectrum result display the command also defines if the marker is positioned on the persistence trace or the maxhold trace Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt depends on mode Selects the marker Parameters lt Trace gt MAXHold Defines the maxhold trace as the trace to put the delta marker on This parameter is available only for the persistence spectrum result display WRITe Defines the persistence trace as the trace to put the delta marker on This parameter is available only for the persistence spectrum result display Example CALC MARK3 TRAC 2 A
191. s ranging from blue to red Blue colors indicate low probabilities or levels respectively Red colors indicate high ones User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 17 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays pem E EUEEOUUEUUU Ss The Spectrogram Result Display The Cold color scheme shows the results in colors ranging from red to blue Red colors indicate low probabilities or levels respectively Blue colors indicate high ones The Cold color scheme is the inverse Hot color scheme 0 2 The Radar color scheme shows the colors ranging from black over green to light turquoise with shades of green in between Dark colors indicate low probabilities or levels respectively Light colors indicate high ones 10dBm The Grayscale color scheme shows the results in shades of gray Dark grays indi cate low probabilities or levels respectively Light grays indicate high ones If a result lies outside the defined range of the color map it is colored in black at the lower end of the color range On the upper end of the color range it is always the lightest color possible regardless of differences in amplitude e g black and blue in case of the Cold scheme DISPlay WINDow SGRam COLor STYLe on page 82 DISPlay WINDow SGRam COLor DEFault on page 81 Defining the Range of the Color Map The cu
192. s switched off BLANK in manual operation with DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt STATe Suffix n window For applications that do not have more than 1 measure ment window the suffix n is irrelevant lt gt trace Parameters Mode For more information on trace modes see the documentation of the R amp S ESR BLANk Blank trace MAXHold Maximum value trace MINHold Minimum value trace VIEW Frozen trace WRITe Clear write trace mode Example INIT CONT OFF Switching to single sweep mode SWE COUN 16 Sets the number of measurements to 16 DISP TRAC3 MODE MAXH Switches on the calculation of the maximum peak for trace 3 INIT WAI Starts the measurement and waits for the end of the 16 sweeps DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt MODE HCONtinuous State This command defines whether traces in Min Hold Max Hold and Average mode see DISPlay WINDow lt n gt TRACe lt t gt MODE on page 104 are reset after a parameter is changed Normally the measurement is started anew after parameter changes before the mea surement results are evaluated e g using a marker In all cases that require a new measurement after parameter changes the trace is reset automatically to avoid false results e g with span changes For applications that require no reset after parameter changes the automatic reset can be switched off Suffix n window For applications that do not have more than
193. s the complete frequency mask vertically 11 Y Axis Rel Abs button switches between relative dB and absolute dBm amplitude values 12 Adapt Mask button creates a frequency mask automatically 13 Trigger Condition menu sets the trigger condition 14 Activate Line buttons select the upper and lower frequency mask check marks next to the buttons activate and deactivate a line Creating a Frequency Mask Upon opening the Edit Frequency Mask dialog box the R amp S ESR already provides a basic structure of an upper frequency mask in the live preview window It is also possible to create a new mask by pressing the New Mask softkey The New Mask softkey resets the current shape of the mask to its default state Labelling a frequency mask Assign a name to the frequency mask in the Name field Activate the input in the Name field either by touching it or via the Edit Name softkey This is also the save name of the frequency mask User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 35 R amp S ESR K55 Measurement Basics mmu ed Triggering Measurements In addition to naming the mask you can also comment on the frequency mask you are working on in the Comment field Again activate the input either by touching it or with the Edit Comment softkey Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MASK COMMent on page 99 CALCulate lt n gt MASK
194. sewhere To represent this fact the R amp S ESR copies all spectrums into a virtual table whose dimensions correspond to the resolution of the dis play with each cell representing one pixel The horizontal represents the frequency the vertical axis the amplitude In the case of the R amp S ESR with a resolution of 600x801 pixels this means that the table would have 480 600 cells With a full span of 40 MHz and the default display range of 100 dB one cell would cover about 50 kHz and 0 16 dB After the R amp S ESR has performed the first FFT and has transferred the corresponding spectrum the table would for example look like this e User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 22 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays i a ee The Persistence Spectrum Result Display 15 019950 GHz 1 I I 79 12 dBm 0 00 90 CF150GH2 Span 40 0 MHz Fig 2 5 Virtual table and diagram containing the results after one FFT Since there is only one spectrum and every number in the table represents the number of hits in that cell each column at this point has to contain exactly one value The sum of each column may not exceed the value 1 as currently there is only one spectrum Additionaly every column must include a number one for each frequency level combi nation The display of the trace after this step would look like a line trace But as the frame consists of more than one spectrum the R amp S ESR accumulates all spectrums it h
195. ssigns marker 3 to trace 2 CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X lt Position gt This command positions a marker on a particular coordinate on the x axis Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Parameters lt Position gt Numeric value that defines the marker position on the x axis The unit is either Hz frequency domain or s time domain or dB sta tistics Range The range depends on the current x axis range Example CALC MARK2 X 1 7MHz Positions marker 2 to frequency 1 7 MHz CALCulate n MARKer m X SSIZe lt StepSize gt This command defines the step size of the rotary knob for marker or delta marker value changes It only takes effect in manual operation The marker step size is unavailable for statistical measurements Suffix n irrelevant m irrelevant rr C User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 110 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands Analysis Parameters lt StepSize gt STANdard step size corresponds to space between two pixels POINts step size corresponds to space between two measured values RST POINts Example CALC MARK X SSIZ STAN Sets the measured value step size CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt Y lt MarkerPosition gt This command queries the measured value of a marker If necessary the command activates the marker or turns a delta marker into a normal marker In the persistence spectrum result display of the realtime ana
196. t MARKer lt m gt MAXimum NEXT CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum RIGHt lt gt lt gt 2 44 tnnt nnns nennen nnns inni 118 lt gt lt gt 119 lt gt lt gt 1 000 02 01000000001000000000000000000 enne nnn rennen 119 lt gt lt gt 120 CALCulate n MARKer m MINimum RIGHLE esses 121 eee eee User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 148 R amp S ESR K55 List of Commands lt gt lt gt 4 2 141420200000000000 6 120 lt gt lt gt 5 121 lt gt lt gt 122 CALCulate n MARKer m SGRam XY MAXimum PEAK essent 122 CALCulate n MARKer m SGRam XY MlINimum PEAK essen nennen 123 lt gt
197. t n gt SUBWindow lt m gt TRACe lt t gt PERSistence STATe on page 75 Defin the persistence DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SUBWindow lt m gt TRACe lt t gt PERSistence DURation on page 74 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 46 R amp S9ESR K55 Configuration Result Display Configuration Maxhold Intensity Defines the intensity of the maxhold trace For more information see chapter 2 3 3 2 Activating Maxhold on page 27 Remote command Turn the maxhold trace on and off DISPlay WINDow n SUBWindow m TRACe MAXHold STATe on page 74 Define the intensity of the maxhold trace DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SUBWindow lt m gt TRACe lt t gt MAXHold INTensity on page 74 Maxhold Reset Resets the maxhold trace For more information see chapter 2 3 3 2 Activating Maxhold on page 27 Remote command DISPlay WINDow SUBWindow TRACe MAXHold RESet on page 73 Style Selects the way the persistence spectrum data is displayed For more information see chapter 2 3 3 3 Selecting the Style of the Trace on page 28 Remote command DISPlay WINDow lt n gt SUBWindow lt m gt TRACe lt t gt SYMBol on page 75 4 2 2 Spectrogram Color Mapping Opens a dialog box to configure the spectrogram color map For more information see chapter 2 2 3 3 Customizing the Color Mapping on page 16 Remote command See chapter 6 2 3 2 Working with the Color Map on page 81 History Depth Defines the
198. te Control Commands 6 2 3 2 Measurements and Result Displays MMEMory STORe SGRam lt File gt This command exports the spectrogram data to a ASCII file The file contains the data for every frame in the history buffer The data corresponding to a particular frame begins with information about the frame number and the time that frame was recorded Note that depending on the size of the history buffer the process of exporting the data can take a while Parameters lt File gt string containing the file name of the destination file Example MMEM STOR SGR Copies the spectrogram data to a file Working with the Color Map DISPlay WINDeow SGRamcCOLor BEFault 2 2 a bRanE 81 pISPlay WINDow SGRam COLoEEOMW e 2 1 2 12 radeon cer rate 81 1 5 81 DpISPlay WINDaw SGRamCOLornUlPPer fe 82 BISPlay WINDow SGRam COLor STYLe a eere 82 DISPlay WINDow SGRam COLor DEFault This command sets the color settings for the spectrogram result display to its default state Usage Event DISPlay WINDow SGRam COLor LOWer Percentage This command sets the lower percentage boundary of the spectrogram Parameters Percentage Statistical frequency percentage Range 0 to 66 RST 0 Default unit 96 E
199. till shows the spectrum of the currently selected spectrogram frame Updates in the result displays only take effect if they have been active while the spec trogram data has been reevaluated E User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 15 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays The Spectrogram Result Display SWT F 2ms 775 0 MHz 775 0 Spon 2 CF 775 0 MHz 200 ps7 DISPlay WINDow SUBWindow ZOOM AREA on page 72 DISPlay WINDow SUBWindow ZOOM STATe on page 73 2 2 3 3 Customizing the Color Mapping Colors are an important part of the both the persistence spectrum and the spectrogram Therefore the R amp S ESR provides various ways to customize the display for best viewing results You can access the Color Mapping dialog via the Color Mapping softkey or by tapping on the color map The dialog looks and works similar for the histogram and the spectro gram only the the scaling or unit of the color map is different For the persistence spec trum the R amp S ESR maps the colors to percentages for the spectrogram it maps power levels dBm In addition the dialog box of the persistence spectrum offers a truncate function RE m E SSS 3 User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 16 R amp S ESR K55 Measurements and Result Displays The Spectrogram Result Display 0 0 01 0 1 0 5 1 2 5 10 20 30 50 100 Star 9 0 Shape 0 00 stop 8 100 Truncate 2 Hot Cold Radar Grays
200. to the LO signal at 0 Hz this fre quency is excluded from the peak search OFF No restriction to the search range The frequency 0 Hz is included in the marker search functions Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt LOEXclude on page 109 e L LLLLLLLLLLILLLLILILLLLLLLLLAAAAAAAAAUAAAGC AU CAULUIS User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 69 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands Selecting the Operating Mode 6 Remote Control Commands Selecting the Operating MOUS sii rerit ir teen to Rte eh ipee eee eure 70 Measurements and Result 71 9 CONNQUIAUON T 83 BIB Seconde CM 103 Status ROGISTONS Ec m 139 6 1 Selecting the Operating Mode INSTrumentCREate NEW pee iil 70 DELEGIS IE the tet an coe REA e Ran 70 INS Trump SEL sl ire recte ere ete eae no 71 INSTrument CREate NEW lt ChannelType gt lt ChannelName gt This command adds an additional spectrum display You can add up to three additional spectrum displays Also see INSTrument SELect on page 71 INSTrument DELete on page 70 Parameters lt ChannelType gt SANalyzer The chann
201. to the marker of the selected trace Remote command Next Peak CALC MARK MAX LEFT lt CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum LEFT on page 117 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum LEFT on page 127 CALC MARK MAX RIGH gt CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum RIGHt on page 118 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MAXimum RIGHt on page 128 CALC DELT MAX NEXT abs CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MAXimum NEXT on page 118 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MAXimum NEXT on page 127 Next Min CALC MARK MIN LEFT gt CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum LEFT on page 119 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum LEFT on page 129 CALC MARK MIN RIGH gt CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum RIGHt on page 121 CALCulate n DELTamarker m MINimum RIGHt on page 130 CALC MARK MIN NEXT abs CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum NEXT on page 120 CALCulate lt n gt DELTamarker lt m gt MINimum NEXT on page 129 Exclude LO Switches the frequency range limit for the marker search functions on or off ON The minimum frequency included in the peak search range is 2 5 x resolution bandwidth RBW Due to the interference by the first local oscillator to the first intermediate frequency at the input mixer the LO is represented as a signal at 0 Hz To avoid the peak marker jumping
202. ttings esee eene nnne nnns 48 SEP CD ITE 60 5 1 Working With Traces ener 60 5 24 Using Markers rnb LEER 63 6 Remote Control 02 00 70 6 1 Selecting the Operating nennen nnns 70 6 2 Measurements and Result Displays cese nnn 71 6 3 Configuratlon eiecit eee eii Ee tees boni re eee LL Pena n Teu nee 83 MU MRLUTCIPM 103 6 5 Status Registers incite ene ao ERR RU 139 E User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 3 R amp S ESR K55 Measurement Modes Receiver Mode 1 Measurement Modes The R amp S ESR provides several measurement modes for different analysis tasks When you activate a measurement mode a new measurement channel is created The channel determines the settings for that measurement mode Each channel is displayed in a sep arate tab on the screen SCPI command INSTrument SELect on page 71 To change the measurement mode 1 Press the MODE key A menu with the currently available measurement modes is displayed 2 To activate a different mode press the corresponding softkey 1 1 Receiver Mode In Receiver mode the R amp S ESR measures the signal level at a particular frequency It also provides tools e g detectors
203. u can activate the single sweep mode with the Single Sweep softkey After the single sweep has ended you can repeat the single sweep measurement with either the Single Sweep softkey or the Continue Single Sweep softkey The difference is that when continuing the single sweep the R amp S ESR does not delete the trace data of the last measurement for averaging purposes When you instead repeat the single sweep with the Single Sweep softkey the R amp S ESR completely rebuilds the trace from new data INITiate lt n gt CONTinuous on page 93 INITiate lt n gt CONMeas on page 92 SENSe SWEep COUNt on page 94 CALCulate lt n gt SGRam FRAMe COUNt on page 78 Setting the Sweep Time In the frequency domain of the realtime analyzer the sweep time defines the number of FFTs that the R amp S ESR combines in one frame or single sweep In realtime mode the R amp S ESR has a sweep time range from 52 us to 1 s with 1 s processing 250 000 FFTs The step size of the sweep time is 4 us The advantage of a small sweep time therefore is a very detailed evaluation and display ofthe signal that you are measuring On the other hand a high sweep time displays more time in a single frame That means that you can observe a longer time span in the spec trogram the higher the sweep time is Manual setting of the sweep time You can set the sweep time as you need with the Sweeptime Manual This softkey is available in the span bandwidth an
204. ual 1175 7074 02 04 105 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands mu w U m wees Analysis FORMat DEXPort DSEParator lt Separator gt This command defines which decimal separator decimal point or comma is to be used for outputting measurement data to the file in ASCII format Different languages of eval uation programs e g MS Excel can thus be supported Parameters lt Separator gt POINt COMMA RST factory setting is POINt RST does not affect set ting Example FORM DEXP DSEP POIN Sets the decimal point as separator MMEMory STORe lt n gt TRACe Trace lt FileName gt This command stores the selected trace in the specified window in a file with ASCII for mat The file format is described in chapter 3 6 ASCII File Export Format on page 43 The decimal separator decimal point or comma for floating point numerals contained in the file is defined with the FORMat DEXPort DSEParator command see FORMat DEXPort DSEParator on page 106 Suffix lt n gt window For applications that do not have more than 1 measure ment window the suffix lt n gt is irrelevant Parameters lt Trace gt selected measurement trace lt FileName gt DOS file name The file name includes indication of the path and the drive name Indication of the path complies with DOS conventions Example MMEM STOR
205. um COLor DEFault This command sets the color settings for the persistence spectrum result display to its default state Usage Event DISPlay WINDow PSPectrum COLor LOWer Percentage This command sets the lower percentage boundary of the persistence spectrum Parameters Percentage Statistical frequency percentage Range 0 to 65 6 RST 0 Default unit 96 Example DISP WIND HIST COL LOW 10 Sets the start of the color map to 1096 DISPlay WINDow PSPectrum COLor SHAPe Shape This command defines the shape and focus of the color curve for the persistence spec trum result display Parameters Shape Shape of the color curve Range 1 to 1 RST 0 DISPlay WINDow PSPectrum COLor TRUNCate State This command reduces the range of the color map of the persistence spectrum if there are no hits at the start or end of the value range Parameters State ON OFF RST OFF Example DISP WIND PSP COL TRUN ON Activates truncation of the color map DISPlay WINDow PSPectrum COLor UPPer Percentage This command sets the upper percentage boundary of the persistence spectrum E User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 76 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands 6 2 3 6 2 3 1 Measurements and Result Displays Parameters lt Percentage gt Statistical frequency percentage Range 0 to 66 RST 0 Default unit Example DISP WIND HIST COL UPP 95 Sets the start of the color map to 9596 D
206. values lt peak excur sion an execution error error code 200 is produced In Spectrogram mode this command positions the specified marker on the next peak level of the x axis The search includes only the data to the left of the current marker position in the current frame It does not change the position of the marker on the y axis Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt depends on mode Selects the marker Example CALC MARK2 MIN Positions marker 2 to the minimum value of the trace Usage Event e User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 120 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands 6 4 2 3 Analysis CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum RIGHt This command positions a marker to the next higher trace minimum on the right of the current value i e in ascending X direction If no next higher minimum value is found on the trace level spacing to adjacent values lt peak excursion an execution error error code 200 is produced In Spectrogram mode this command positions the specified marker on the next peak level of the x axis The search includes only the data to the left of the current marker position in the current frame It does not change the position of the marker on the y axis Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Example CALC MARK2 MIN Positions marker 2 to the minimum value of the trace CALC MARK2 MIN RIGH Positions marke
207. values than measurement points exist every single measured value is accessible and its value is displayed in the marker field The number of measured values is defined by the measurement bandwidth Remote command CALC MARK X SSIZ POIN see CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X SSIZe on page 110 Marker Info On Off Turns the display of the marker information in the diagram area on and off Positioning Markers zc nc cea eas cata cree 66 Next IP Oak e 66 Center Mkr Freq span gt 0 222 2 2242 1 114 4 67 ug h m EE 67 Markor to TACE de cu ed edd a va x Ta ad 67 MC err 67 DTI UNUM 67 Auto Peak Auto Min 44 0 nene e nnne eene nenne nnne 67 Search 67 E 15 MNT 68 co MEL RENDUM 68 ELI CREER 68 L Use Zoom aee 4 4 06 da cd oe rd d osea 68 L Search LIE 2 bags dads asia dad d 68 aTe oe ee 68 Exclude OO Rm 69 Sets the active marker delta marker to the highest maximum of the trace Remote command CALCulate n MARKer m MAXimum PEAK on page 1
208. vel of the y axis CALC MARK2 SGR Y MAX BEL Positions marker 2 on the next minimum level found in the diagram area below the current marker position Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt SGRam Y MINimum NEXT This command positions the specified marker on the next minimum level of the vertical axis The search includes frames above and below the current marker position It does not change the horizontal position of the marker The command is available for the spectrogram Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Example CALC MARK2 SGR Y MIN Activates and positions marker 2 on the minimum level of the y axis CALC MARK2 SGR Y MIN NEXT Positions marker 2 on the next minimum level Usage Event CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt SGRam Y MINimum PEAK This command positions the specified marker on the current minimum level of the vertical axis The search is performed over all captured frames It does not change the horizontal position of the delta marker The command is available for the spectrogram Suffix lt n gt 1 4 Selects the measurement window lt m gt 1 16 Selects the marker Example CALC MARK2 SGR Y MIN Activates and positions marker 2 on the minimum level of the y axis Usage Event e User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 126 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands Analysis CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt SGR
209. vent CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum AUTO lt State gt This command turns an automatic marker peak search for a trace maximum on and off The command performs the peak search after each sweep An automatic peak search may be used during adjustments of a device under test to keep track of the actual peak marker position and level If no maximum value is found on the trace level spacing to adjacent values lt peak excursion an execution error error code 200 is produced Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker Parameters lt State gt ON OFF RST OFF Example CALC MARK MIN AUTO ON Activates the automatic minimum value search function for marker 1 at the end of each particular sweep CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt MINimum LEFT This command positions a marker to the next higher trace minimum on the left of the current value i e in descending X direction If no next higher minimum value is found on the trace level spacing to adjacent values lt peak excursion an execution error error code 200 is produced In Spectrogram mode this command positions the specified marker on the next peak level of the x axis The search includes only the data to the left of the current marker position in the current frame It does not change the position of the marker on the y axis Suffix lt n gt Selects the measurement window lt m gt Selects the marker User Manu
210. ween the lines of the left and right limit see also Left Limit softkey If no value is set the upper limit corresponds to the stop frequency Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X SLIMits RIGHT on page 137 Threshold Search Limits Opens an edit dialog box to define the threshold line The threshold line represents the lower level limit for a Peak search and the upper level limit for a Min search Remote command CALCulate lt n gt THReshold STATe on page 138 CALCulate lt n gt THReshold on page 138 Use Zoom Limits Search Limits Restricts the marker search to the zoomed area Note that the marker zoom is only available in Spectrum mode Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X SLIMits ZOOM on page 138 Search Lim Off Search Limits Deactivates all limits of the search range Remote command CALCulate lt n gt MARKer lt m gt X SLIMits STATe on page 137 CALCulate lt n gt THReshold STATe on page 138 Next Mode Selects the mode of the Next Peak or Next Min softkey Three settings are available lt Sets the active marker delta marker to the next maximum minimum left to the marker of the selected trace abs Sets the active marker delta marker to the next lower maximum higher minimum of the selected trace EIN User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 68 R amp S ESR K55 Analysis Using Markers gt Sets the active marker delta marker to the next maximum minimum right
211. wer frequency mask vertically by a specified distance Positive values move the mask upwards negative values shift the mask downwards Before making any changes to a frequency mask you have to select one by name with CALCulate lt n gt MASK NAME on page 101 Parameters lt Level gt Defines the distance of the shift The shift is relative to the current position Default unit dB Example See chapter 6 3 5 2 Using the Frequency Mask Trigger on page 97 CALCulate lt n gt MASK LOWer STATe State This command turns the lower frequency mask on and off Before making any changes to a frequency mask you have to select one by name with CALCulate n MASK NAME on page 101 Parameters State ON OFF Example See chapter 6 3 5 2 Using the Frequency Mask Trigger on page 97 CALCulate lt n gt MASK LOWer DATA lt Frequency gt lt Level gt This command defines the shape of the lower frequency mask Before making any changes to a frequency mask you have to select one by name with CALCulate lt n gt MASK NAME on page 101 The unit of the power levels depends on CALCulate lt n gt MASK MODE on page 101 If you are using the command with the vector network analysis option R amp S FSV K70 you can only use this command as a query Parameters lt Frequency gt N pairs of numerical values N is the number of data points the lt Level gt mask consists of Each data point is defined by the f
212. xample DISP WIND SGR COL LOW 10 Sets the start of the color map to 10 DISPlay WINDow SGRam COLor SHAPe Shape This command defines the shape and focus of the color curve for the spectrogram result display L LLLLLLLLLLIL X User Manual 1175 7074 02 04 81 R amp S ESR K55 Remote Control Commands EMM a eed Measurements and Result Displays Parameters lt Shape gt Shape of the color curve Range 1 to 1 RST 0 DISPlay WINDow SGRam COLor UPPer Percentage This command sets the upper percentage boundary of the spectrogram Parameters Percentage Statistical frequency percentage Range 0 to 66 RST 0 Default unit Example DISP WIND SGR COL UPP 95 Sets the start of the color map to 95 DISPlay WINDow SGRam COLor STYLe lt ColorScheme gt This command sets the color scheme for the spectrogram Parameters lt ColorScheme gt HOT Uses acolor range from blue to red Blue colors indicate low levels red colors indicate high ones COLD Uses a color range from red to blue Red colors indicate low levels blue colors indicate high ones RADar Uses a color range from black over green to light turquoise with shades of green in between Dark colors indicate low levels light colors indicate high ones GRAYscale Shows the results in shades of gray Dark gray indicates low lev els light gray indicates high ones RST HOT Example DISP WIND SGR COL GRAY Changes the color sch

R&S ESR-K55 Real-Time Analysis User Manual

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R&amp;S ESR-K55 Real-Time Analysis User Manual

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R&S ESR-K55 Real-Time Analysis User Manual