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SG-CG/M490/K_ SGAM usage and examples SGAM User Manual

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1. Smart Grid Coordination Group Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Market SaN service supplier Enterprise Operation Station Field Other communit Private EMGs Process assets sence Distribution DER Customer Premises Transmission 1187 1188 Figure A 2 Mapping of WGSP 2136 to the SGAM Communication Layer 1189 60 can ETSI N Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC eT 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Jf Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Market namn service supplier d Enterprise a i P Operation Station Field Other communit Private Process assets Generation Distribution DER Customer Premises Transmission 1190 1191 Figure A 3 Mapping of WGSP 2136 to the SGAM Information Layer 1192 61 1193 1194 1195 1196 1197 1198 1199 1200 1201 1202 1203 1204 1205 1206 1207 1208 1209 can ETSI E7 2 Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC O Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids T XK Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K A 3 Primary use case WGSP 2137 A 3 1 Description To illustrate the second primary use case WGSP 2137 consider a radial distribution network with distributed generation resources producers The producers can be used to support voltage by injection of power at the connection node Each producer is monitored and co
2. 0 cecccceeccseeeceeeecaeeceeeeseeeeeeeeeseeeseueeseueesaeesseeesseeeseneesanes 18 6 2 2 Relation of use case design scope to SGAM analysis pattern ccccccecccceeeeceeeeseeesaeeeseeeeeaees 21 6 2 3 Relation of use case template with SGAM analysis pattern cc cccceeccceececeeeeseeeeseeeseeeeseeeeseees 22 6 3Relation of security requirements with SGAM layer abstraction cccccecceecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeseeeees 24 OSS CASS CC ORM Saale setasinteet cus an en E S S EEr E E E eE AE duskesdesusasantateuraeecveamatietanaey 26 6 5USe Case FO SOM yea decrease cre teincindete ancient a aa a a o a ai a aR a ia 28 7 Mappings using the SGAM s isunusanisonnnnan annsna naaa aai aaa iaaa Aaaa iaaa 29 7 1Mapping of a system breakdown on SGAM cccccccccseccceeeeceeeeseeeeae cess eeseeeeseeeesaeesseeseeeeseueeseeeeseeesaneess 29 7 1 1 Mapping systems on SGAM PrincipleS ana0nnaannannnannnnnnnnnnnnnennnnnnnnnnnnrnnrnrrrnnrrrrrnnrrerrnnrrnnrnnrrnne 33 PRIETA ete aa A E nse ai etee enemies note EEE qe ones GREE EEA A AEEA EAR 36 7 3Analysis of communication networks using SGAM cccccccceeceseeeceeeeeaeeeseeeeseeeeaeeeeaeeeseeeseeeeseeeeseeesaeeess 37 Ts Bo CPI e E A 37 7 3 2 Communication network type breakdown cccccccceeccceeccaeeeceeeeseeeeseeeeaeeeseeeseeeeseueeseeeeseeesneesaes 37 7 2 3 Mapping of communication network type over the SGAM ccccccccseecseeeeceeeeseeeeaeees
3. The domains are physically related to the electrical grid Bulk Generation Transmission Distribution DER Customer Premises and they are arranged according to the electrical energy conversion chain The conceptual domains Operations and Market are part of the information management and represent specific hierarchical zones The Smart Grid Plane covers the complete electrical energy conversion chain This includes the domains listed in Table 1 Bulk Representing generation of electrical energy in bulk quantities typically connected to Generation the transmission system such as by fossil nuclear and hydro power plants off shore wind farms large scale solar power plant i e PV CSP Representing the infrastructure which transports electricity over long distances Distribution Representing the infrastructure which distributes electricity to customers Table 1 SGAM domains Representing distributed electrical resources directly connected to the public distribution grid applying small scale power generation and consumption technologies typically in the range of 3 kW to 10 000 kW These distributed electrical resources may be directly controlled by e g a TSO DSO an aggregator or Balance Responsible Party BRP Customer Hosting both end users of electricity and also local producers of electricity The Premises premises include industrial commercial and home facilities e g chemical plants airports harbors shopping
4. o w Station Station Revocation System ji Substation Automation Colironer Field Field IED RTU Process Process Generation Transmission Distribution DER Customer Generation Transmission Distribution DER Customer c Communication Layer d Component Layer 908 Figure 23 SGAM Analysis of Role based Access Control 909 Based on the requirements stemming from the business layer in Section O the functional layer reflects the 910 functional security requirements for role based access control related to dedicated zones and domains 911 Through mapping to different zones one can already distinguish between local and remote access The 912 function layer comprises access control to components but also command execution authentication and 913 authorization control as functional requirements Functional requirements are typically related to an existing 914 functional architecture during the design of an appropriate security architecture addressing discovered 915 potential security risks e g according to a risk assessment based on use cases 916 The SGAM analysis for the information and communication layers shows the application of IEC 62351 8 in 917 the context of Smart Grid systems applying protocols like IEC 61850 or IEC 60870 5 104 It has been 46 925 926 927 928 929 930 931 932 933 934 935 936 937 939 940 941 942 943 944 945 946 947 948 949 950 951 952 953 954 955 956
5. 65 1240 1241 1242 Smart Grid Coordination Group Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Market Maintenance Management Enterprise DER operation system Via Operation bommunicaton Front End EC 61850 8 2 IEC 61850 90 2 IEC 61400 25 4 IEC 60870 5 101 IEC 60870 5 104 lt DER Plant n Pi Controller y Station IEC 61850 8 1 IEC 61158 IEC 61784 1 MV LV Generation Transmission Distribution DER Customer Premises Figure A 5 Mapping of WGSP 2137 to the SGAM Communication Layer 66 1243 1244 1245 1246 Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC ETE 1M Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Market Enterprise Operation Station DER Unit Field Controller CF eet wr N Generation Transmission Distribution DER Customer Premises Figure A 6 Mapping of WGSP 2137 to the SGAM Information Layer 67
6. 957 958 can ETSI Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC CMC Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids I Jf RY Bu a Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K chosen here to provide an example of the application of SGAM in the context of identifying security requirements as well as mapping special solutions to these requirements IEC 62351 8 addresses the integration of role based access control to ease the burden of access management in power systems It enables verification of authorization before command execution e g in substation automation in terms of who is authorized to perform a specific switching command This information can be required e g for auditing purposes The roles 1 are bound to different credentials as defined in IEC 62351 8 The standard distinguishes between e Public Key Identity certificate with included role information e attribute certificate bound to an identity certificate e software token HMAC protected structure Kerberos like The standard IEC 62351 8 describes merely the token providing the role information as well as a set of mandatory roles and associated rights e VIEWER e OPERATOR e ENGINEER e INSTALLER e SECADM Security Administrator e SECAUD Security Auditor e RBACMNT Role based Access Management This list of roles and associated rights can be extended with own specific roles and rights information The predefined list above is intended for interope
7. Smart Grid Architecture Model ccc cecccceecceeeeeeeeeseeeeseeeeseeeeseeeseeeeseeeeseeesaeessneeseueesaees 15 Figure 3 Exemplary categorization of different abstraction levels per SGAM layer SGAM analysis SEILE ne estat hte erate strated A peers des get O ETE A A EEE S 16 Figure 4 Example of interrelationships between concepts on different levels in an SGAM model for details refer to Appendix A ccccccscccssceceececseeccueeceucecaueesaueesueeseeeceucesausesaeeseaeessusessueessetssaeesaas 18 Figure 5 Classification Of use CASE design SCOPE cccceececeeecceeeeeeeeeaeeeceeeeseueeseeeeseeeseuceseueeseeesseesaneesaneesaees 19 Figure 6 Use case structure based ON SM CG ecccceccccseeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeseaeeesaeeeeseeeessneesaaeeeseneeesaes 20 Figure 7 Relation of design scope use case classifications with SGAM analysis pattern cceeeee 22 Figure 8 Relation of use case templates with SGAM analysis pattern cccccccscccceeeeceeeseeeeaeeesaeeeseeeesaees 23 Figure 9 Mapping of fields in the use case templates to SGAM analysis pattern example 006 24 Figure 10 High level security requirements mapped on SGAM analysis patterns cccccceccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 25 Figure 11 Detailed security requirements examples mapped to SGAM analysis patterns ccees 26 Figure 12 Exemplary mapping of system usage on the SGAM plane
8. actors and systems It may defines the roles involved and sketches their responsibilities possibly with alternatives incl their security impact for the use case but not the underlying business model or process EXAMPLE flexibility concept Use Case cluster A use case cluster represents a group of use cases EXAMPLE Smart Charging High level use A high level use case HL UC describes the general idea of a function together case with generic actors The HL UC can be realized in different ways so the HL UC cannot be mapped to a specific system or architecture Example Fault Location Isolation Restoration FLIR in general Business use Business Use Cases describe business processes that the actors of a given case system must and may execute These processes are derived from roles which have been previously identified and defined gt Business Layer of SGAM based on IEC 8 1356 NP There is no technical view 3 Depending on the level of detail and purpose of the use case this might be a conceptual description a user story a high level use case 20 982 983 084 985 can ETSI E7 2 Smart Grid Coordination Group p CENELEC Mm Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids a Jf XK Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Types of use Description cases System use case System Use Cases describe the Smart Grid functions required to enable facilitate the business processes described in Business Use
9. load balancing Monitoring information is the basis for several other use cases e g FLISR Volt VAr control These use cases ensure the stable operation of the distribution grid and improve performance indexes like SAIDI System Average Interruption Duration Index and SAIFI System Average Interruption Frequency Index The business value of this use case has to be evaluated together with the use cases It enables Security requirements Regulative e g NERC CIP Information Security Management ISO 27001 02 19 from guidelines NIST IR 7628 BDEW White Paper 882 uc SGAM Use Case Analysis Monitoring inside the distribution grid f DSO Distribution System Operator Monitoring inside the ad Enterprise distribution grid Operation Station Process Generation Transmission Distribution Customer Premisis 883 884 Figure 21 Mapping of Monitoring inside the distribution grid on SGAM plane 885 8 4 Example 1 2 Monitoring inside the distribution grid Device system use case 886 A rich monitoring functionality is the prerequisite to determine the state and performance of the distribution 88 7 grid Monitoring has to provide 888 Measurements of the grid at field level 44 889 890 891 892 893 894 895 896 897 898 can ETSI y Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC eT 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids a Jf Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490
10. 2 oa mo 3c a Oo oO oo P si Le a yn a e oD he D gQ amp oOo wt e F 33 2 T oe co z3 lt Legend Business Layer Element Role ap Information Layer Element Data Model me Business Layer Element Business Process lt gt Communication Layer Element Comm Protocol NY Function Layer Element Function P Component Layer Element System Figure 4 Example of interrelationships between concepts on different levels in an SGAM model for details refer to Appendix A 6 2 Use case analysis with SGAM 6 2 1 Classification of use case design scope Use cases are a well proven approach in systems engineering and used worldwide to derive a common understanding for Smart Grids Despite or because of the large set of use cases available in different databases the level of granularity differs widely in these use case descriptions We use a simple classification for the design and scope of use cases to map the different types of use cases to the SGAM analysis pattern introduced in the previous section We differentiate between use case concepts or high level use cases business use cases and device system use cases Use case concepts describe a general idea by defining the roles involved and sketching their responsibilities but not the underlying business models or processes The target audience is system engineers business developers regulators and key experts in standardization having a very good overview on t
11. 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 can ETSI S Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC th 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Jf XK Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Table of mele a pr Page Foreword 2 1 SC EIS SUM A aronsson ence reee enon seat recceaeuecuseatsieascatwoas sexe oss aunwescanamcaanseeeecevavetoess 6 2 References 6 3 Terms and CCTM S ce sce ort ee cso naa aaa Eai aE aiaiai 9 4 Symbols and abbreviationS ssnnusnsnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnnn nnmnnn nnmnnn nnmnnn nnmnnn nnmnnn mnnn 9 5 SGAM Smart Grids Architecture Model GeSCriptiOn c cccssssseeeeeeeeeeeceseseeeeeeeseeeeeneeeeeeeeseeeoennees 10 5 1Introduction 10 IZ OGAM OMAN GNA PIANE scrie a E E 11 5 3SGAM interoperability layers cc cccccecccssccceseecseeccseeceuceceueecaueesaeeecaeeceaeesaeesaeeesaeessusessueessesesueesaeeessaeens 14 SA SOGAN TEARS WW OU erein rne ean eer E E E EE EEEN dud ESEE E EE EI E EEEE AERE 15 5 5SGAM levels of abstraction cccccsecccsssceceeececesececeueecsaueessseecseeecsueeeceueeeceueessageessaeeecsaeeessaesensueeensgees 15 6 Th SGAM and USC CAS CS sissies Sec ctecsisiscins Gacisinceapievnwit aa 17 6 10Overview 1 7 6 2Use case analysis with SGAM ccccccccseccceeeccseeceucecececaueecaeeceeeceeesaueesaueesseeseaeessusesaueesaeeesaeeseusessaeess 18 6 2 1 Classification Of use CASE design SCOPE
12. 8 IEC TR 62357 2003 IEC TR 62357 2012 IEC 62559 2 IEC 62559 3 IEC 62746 IEC 8 1356 NP IEC PAS 62559 2008 ISO 27001 Jonkers 2010 INIST 2009 NIST IR 7628 can ETSI S Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC th 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Jf XK Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K IEC TR 61850 90 7 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation Part 90 7 Object models for power converters in distributed energy resources DER systems Part 90 9 Object Models for Batteries Application integration at electric utilities System interfaces for distribution management Application integration at electric utilities System interfaces for distribution management Part 100 Implementation Profiles Energy management system application program interface EMS API Electricity metering data exchange The DLMS COSEM suite IEC 62262 Enterprise control system integration Enterprise system integration Part 1 Models and terminology IEC TS 62351 3 Power systems management and associated information exchange Data and communications security Part 3 Communication network and system security Profiles including TCP IP IEC TS 62351 4 Power systems management and associated information exchange Data and communication security Part 4 Profiles including MMS IEC TS 62351 6 Power systems management and associated information exchange Data
13. Cases Their purpose is to detail the execution of those processes from an information system perspective gt Function Layer of SGAM based on IEC 8 1356 NP Here device or system boundaries can be defined and interactions between the system s and external actors i e other systems devices to fulfil a goal for the actor s can be described Technical or device use case Primary use case A primary use case PUC is a use case implemented in a specific system characterized by a defined boundary i e it can be mapped on a defined architecture This means that a higher level abstract use case might be broken down into one or more implementation possibilities called specializations These use cases can be mapped to a proposed architecture SGAM EXAMPLE Different FLIR use cases implementing the basic functionality within a central or decentralized architecture or which are related to different network topologies Scenarios in the template Scenarios define different routes within one UC according to different trigger signals within the template EXAMPLE Scenarios describing normal alternative or error sequences Steps in the Steps are used to describe activities within a scenario in a sequential order template refer to the step by step analysis of the use case template Secondary use A secondary use case is used to describe core functionalities that are used by case multiple PUCs Specialized use A specialized use ca
14. Clock reference system Please refer to the system description in the SG CG G SG CG M490 G_Smart Grid Set of standards Authentication authorization Please refer to the system description in the accounting system SG CG G SG CG M490 G_Smart Grid Set of standards 694 695 NOTE So called Administration systems can may be implemented superseding previous operational systems 696 There in most of the cases re use communication capabilities already present in the operational system 697 32 m ETSI e Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids I J Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K 698 An overall view of all these domain or function specific systems onto the SGAM plane allows positioning each system in 699 the domains and zones as shown in Figure 12 Note that not all administrative systems and cross cutting technologies 700 are shown in order to keep the figure readable 701 lt D T I J mm Asset amp Maintenance managements ystem D i Micro grids T A E Q T ES ae Ue es wee J es ee Oo orecast amp Ok ation s FA FS ee Ee E E i O a ioe E m gt 7 cE Ga E T om sg ae a EI O 2 an TE J JHA O cE ie ey V gt ES ER Ro 0 5 O O ae _ 7 Q S o a s 2 T ES E gt 3 o fs at S Y JE 3 ay o a i m J AE ions l 2 3 JE 35 o TI
15. HRM domain Business service 8 K 5 relationship 726 127 Figure 15 Mapping of Harmonized Role Model to SGAM 728 36 129 730 731 132 733 134 735 736 137 739 740 741 142 143 144 145 147 748 149 151 152 153 154 can ETSI S Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC K 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids e j Eu Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K 7 3 Analysis of communication networks using SGAM 7 3 1 Description A secure reliable and economic power supply is closely linked to a fast efficient and dependable telecommunication services communications A telecommunication service is any service provided by a telecommunication network through a communications system A communications system is a collection of individual communications networks and communication end points capable of interconnection and interoperation to form an integrated whole The planning and implementation of communications systems needed to support the expected services mentioned above requires the same care as the installation of the power supply systems themselves One way to categorize the different types of telecommunications networks is by means of transmission e Wireless communication through the air e Wire line communication through cable dedicated to telecommunications services e Powerline communication through cable designed for electric power transmission but used for carrying dat
16. ce ccceeccceececeeeeseeeeaeeesaeeeseeeesaees 33 Figure 13 Mapping principles of systems over the SGAM planes cccccceccseeeeseeeeeeeeseeeeseeeeseesaeeeseueesaees 34 Figure 14 IEC Smart Grid mapping tool Source http smartgridstandardSMap COM cccsececseeeeeeeeseees 35 Figure 15 Mapping of Harmonized Role Model to SGAM ccc cecccecccceececeeeeseeeeaeeeseeeeseeeeseeeeseesaeeeseeeesaees 36 Figure 16 Mapping of communication networks ON SGAM cccccccccseccceeeeceeeeaeeeeseeesaueeseueeseeeeaeeessneesaeeeseees 39 Figure 17 Data modeling and harmonization work MAPPING cccsececeececeeeeceeeeseeeceeeeseueeseeeeaeeesseeeseueesaees 40 Figure 18 Overview of examples presented ccccecccssceceececeeeccseeceuceceucesaueeceecsueecsueecaueeseeessueessusessueenaass 41 Figure 19 Mapping of the use case Monitoring of the distribution grid eee ceeccceeeeceeeeeeeeaeeesaeeseeeeseees 42 Figure 20 Primary use cases for Monitoring the distribution grid eee cecccceeceseeeceeeeseeeeseeeeaeeesaeeeseueesaees 43 Figure 21 Mapping of Monitoring inside the distribution grid on SGAM plane ccccccseeccseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 44 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 can ETSI S Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC Q 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids a F Methodology amp New Ap
17. centers homes Also generation in form of e g photovoltaic generation electric vehicles storage batteries micro turbines 1 Refer to the conceptual model explained in SG CG F and more detailed in SG CG J 12 can ETSI S Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC Cm Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids I Jf AY 7 Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Although the domains DER and Customer Premises can include generation the domains are separated from each other The DER domain includes any kind of distributed energy resources or related processes having as primary business goals the objective of contributing to the electricity grid as production and or storage and or any types of ancillary services The Customer Premises domain on the other hand includes any kind of processes not having the primary business objective of contributing to the electricity grid but using the grid as one energy source such as home management processes or building or industry management processes or e mobility systems The SGAM zones represent the hierarchical levels of power system management IEC 62357 1 2012 These zones reflect a hierarchical model that considers the concept of aggregation and functional separation in power system management The basic idea of this hierarchical model is laid down in the Purdue Reference Model for computer integrated manufacturing that was adopted by the IEC 62264 1 standard for enterprise c
18. combined with interactive lists of use cases yellow dots and standards mouse over Similar to SG CG G the mapping tool aims to provide an overview and to guide standard users and the standard community in selecting appropriate standards 34 Smart Grid Coordination Group Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K J SMART GRID 30 STANDARDS MAPPING TOOL INTERNATIONAL ELECTROTECHNICAL COMIN Welcome Architecture View Mapping View User guide ae ee So ete el G Intra center Integration Bus Router H Backbone Network c 2 w 2 E E S 2 Integration Bus L Oper Backhaul C AMI Backhaul Building Integration Bus Integration Bu Ni Industrial Process Router Router N Home amp B Neighborhood 4 A Subscriber Access KM Industrial Process DER Integration Bus Network 721 722 Figure 14 IEC Smart Grid mapping tool Source hitp smartgridstandardsmap com 35 ETSI Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K 723 7 2 Role mapping 124 Furthermore for the business layer we can map the Harmonized Role Model HRM to SGAM as depicted 725 partly in Figure 15 Market Enterprise Operation Station Field br Process Generation Transmission Distribution DER Customer Premises Role 1
19. described in Table 2 Table 2 SGAM zones Including the physical chemical or spatial transformations of energy electricity solar heat water wind and the physical equipment directly involved e g generators transformers circuit breakers overhead lines cables electrical loads any kind of sensors and actuators which are part or directly connected to the process Including equipment to protect control and monitor the process of the power system e g protection relays bay controller any kind of intelligent electronic devices which acquire and use process data from the power system Representing the areal aggregation level for field level e g for data concentration functional aggregation substation automation local SCADA systems plant supervision Including commercial and organizational processes services and infrastructures for enterprises utilities service providers energy traders e g asset management logistics work force management staff training customer relation management billing Operation Hosting power system control operation in the respective domain e g distribution management systems DMS energy management systems EMS in generation and transmission systems microgrid management systems virtual power plant management systems aggregating several DER electric vehicle EV fleet charging management systems 13 451 452 can ETSI E7 2 Smart Grid Coordination Group CENE
20. description provides information on the related SGAM layers with the defined level of abstraction Business Use Case a General Monitoring inside the distribution grid Business Case Business View Detailed Monitor system 9 return on investment _ interruptions and report to regulator Business Function Use Case Concept System use case Monitoring of the distribution General Monitoring inside the distribution grid Technical View General Detailing the use case Access Control Detailed Monitor system interruptions and report to Communication regulator Information Products e g VENDOR X Differential Protection Component Relay Concept High Level of Abstraction Low Implem entation Figure 18 Overview of examples presented 41 864 865 866 867 868 869 870 871 8 2 873 874 875 876 8 7 878 can ETSI y Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC ETE 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids a Jf Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K 8 2 Example 1 Monitoring of the distribution grid SG CG WGSP 0600 WGSP 0600 use case description is used as an example of the Use Case Concept High level Use Case Several sources for monitoring data and different roles are involved e g sensors meters DERs CEMSs A mapping of the use case t
21. for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids I Jf XK Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K or more connected potential neighborhood flexible loads CEM s production Neighbor Reply to Neighborhood Flexibility Offer hood CEM s flexibility CEM s reply Reply receive the offer indicating the flexibility conditions under offer which they are willing to accept the flexibility offer CEM_1 Assign CEM_1 Flexibility Offer receives flexibility determines the Assignment reply from winners the final interested amount of power neighbor for each and hood CEM s sends an assignment to the winning neighborhood CEM s A2 2 Implications WGSP 2136 Considering the selected use case WGSP 2136 more deeply it is evident that this peer to peer clearing activity is only worthwhile in practice if suitable commercial and regulatory arrangements are in place It has to be cheaper for the community to act together in this way than if the dwellings concerned engaged individually in offering their own flexibility to the grid at whatever price their supplier utility was offering Thus the dwelling with its own generation would have to get a better price by making it available to the local community than the price that would be obtained if the power were exported to the wider grid similarly the customers in that community needing electricity would have to get it at a better price than the retail price available from their
22. not connect to real time systems Each type provides connectivity for systems inside the facility and connections to external networks such as system control and utility tier networks H Backbone Network inter enterprise or campus networks including backbone Internet network as well as inter control center networks L Operation Backhaul Network networks that can use public or private infrastructures mostly to support remote operation They usually inter connect network devices and or subsystems to the Operation level over a wide area region or country M Industrial Fieldbus Area Network 38 808 809 810 811 812 813 814 815 816 817 818 819 820 821 822 823 824 826 827 828 829 830 can ETSI Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC ETs _ Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids a Jf Eu Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K networks that interconnect process control equipment mainly in power generation bulk or distributed in the scope of smart grids N Home and Building integration bus Network networks that interconnect home and or building communicating components and sub systems to form a home or building management sub system or system 7 2 3 Mapping of communication network type over the SGAM Figure 16 below provides a mapping of the different Smart Grid networks to the SGAM model NOTE where a circle is tangent to a zone this means that the cor
23. of abstraction for use case descriptions is that e the design scope defines the boundary box of the use case i e what is in what is out for the system under design e the level of abstraction refers to the details in describing the objective of the use case Here use case concept Multiple BUCs might be Use Case Concept ee See needed torealise Me ee eee cases but BUC might goal of use case be used for other UC concept a Ne gt concepts as well lt lt lt m Business Use Case BUC 2 Ae M O n business cases Na A D gt relate to n system use N Alternative use cases 5 cases might be possible for both types Device System 5 Device System Cad Device System gt Use Case 2 Use Case 2 Use Case m One system use cases might serve several business use cases Figure 5 Classification of use case design scope Because use case descriptions support various tasks the granularity type and content of the use case description vary widely In general a use case describes the functions of a system and related information exchange mainly in a technology neutral way depending on the level of detail It identifies participating actors that for instance can be other systems or human actors which are linked to the particular use case In the following various use case types are classified highlighting different views and task of the respective use cases e g e Level
24. of detail see Figure 6 below for brainstorming collection cluster high level use cases conceptual description engineering or testing e Nature of the use case Business business use case or technical system use case e Users of the use case Project Individual use cases technology group specialized use cases standardization generic use cases 2 or even political legislative use cases might be possible 19 can ETSI N Smart Grid Coordination Group pi CENELEC ETE 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids a Jf Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K 5 6 e Geographical view national regional or international use cases 5 7 e Maturity of the use case e g vision R amp D or near to real implementation High Level of ABSTRACTION Low GRANULARITY can be linked to a system architecture 578 579 Figure 6 Use case structure based on SM CG 580 Therefore the following list describes those different characteristics of use cases 581 Table 4 Types of use cases Types of use Description cases Conceptual A conceptual description describes a general idea or concept provides an description Use overview or background for a cluster of use cases and does not use necessarily case concept the use case template The conceptual description reflects the iterative work of User stories describing different use cases analyzing them detailing them further and linking them to architectures
25. og aus pi E D ca E Q 9 E E U x O Gene Customer 702 ration ransmission Distribution DER premises 703 Figure 12 Exemplary mapping of system usage on the SGAM plane 704 705 7 1 1 Mapping systems on SGAM Principles 706 For a structured system description each system may be mapped to the SGAM model described above 33 707 708 709 710 711 712 713 714 715 716 717 718 719 720 can ETSI y Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC ET 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Jf Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K system Approach system Chart _ Function Layer UC breakdown per system Information layer communication layer Component layer Here example IEC Mapping Chart Figure 13 Mapping principles of systems over the SGAM planes As depicted in the drawing above Figure 13 mapping a system onto the SGAM will consist of e the definition of the set of Generic use cases the considered system can may support e the drawing of the typical architecture and components used by this system component layer e alist of standards to be considered for interfacing each components within this system as shown in SG CG G The basic idea can be found also in the following example shown in Figure 14 using the SGAM plan for a more detailed breakdown to a component and device level This mapping chart is
26. on a determination of the risk level and lead to the required security level This approach is part of the SGIS concept SG CG D 9 Please note that this actor definition refers to the use case template IEC 62559 2 and is slightly different from the actor role definition used with the conceptual meta model and role concept of the HEM RM described in SG CG J 24 can ETSI y Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC ETC 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Jf Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Business Security Objectives with Business Business Case 5 organizational procedural security e g return on investment requirements security requireme gt nts to use F case Security requirements to systems and devices consisting of technical requirements to ensure Information a i general function and interoperability to operate the systems devicessecurely and also to address the business security objectives Communication Function g High level E Component 4 Concept High Level of Abstraction Low Implem entation Figure 10 High level security requirements mapped on SGAM analysis patterns The next figure provides a more detailed overview about the steps necessary to determine the security requirements Going from the upper left to the lower right the security requirements become more detailed Starting from functional requirements d
27. powerful useful and robust tool It also demonstrates the need for ready access to the use case repository and to the templates and examples of use case descriptions and shows the desirability of ready access to the detailed mapping tools used in presentation of the SGAM The new high level use cases selected for consideration deal with the co ordination of distributed generation and loads at neighborhood level based upon peer to peer communication between several Central Energy Management Systems and brokerage within a multi agent system The choice of such a leading edge use case was dictated by the desire to test the SGAM to the limits When the SGAM was applied to the selected new use cases it was also clear that there is no lack of European standards for these two use cases The main challenge presented by the possibility of peer to peer communications as envisaged relates to the market industry legal and regulatory framework for such activity Member States and others wishing to develop the concept at national level are still exploring what arrangements would be required and it may be necessary to review this preliminary conclusion in the light of such national use cases 2 References Smart Grid Coordination Group Phase 1 Documents SG CG A SG CG M490 A Framework for Smart Grid Standardization SG CG B SG CG M490 B_ Smart Grid First set of standards SG CG C SG CG M490 C_ Smart Grid Reference Architecture SG CG D SG CG M4
28. right to define the guidelines for reportin Business Process j 9 porting e g change of supplier Two types of reporting are defined o Web form for manual input o XML based report using web services 12 As specified on the website of the German Federal Network Agency in German only http www bundesnetzagentur de cIn_1932 DE Sachgebiete ElektrizitaetundGas Unternehmen _Institutionen Versorgung ssicherheit Stromnetze stromnetze node html 48 998 999 1000 1001 1002 1003 1004 pA ceee T Technical View Functions e g Data acquisition Devices e g protection relay Smart Grid Coordination Group Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Functions in control center include e g Data acquisition Archiving Reporting to regulatory body Basic data set which has to be reported for each interruption include e g Start date time Duration minutes Type of the interruption e g planned unplanned Reason for interruption e g force majeure Communication services for submitting the report include e g Start close abort transaction Send network data Report interruptions The control center can be detailed including e g the following components Communication Front End Database Web client Figure 24 depicts the SGAM analysis for this use case with a special focus
29. station It usually connects RTUs circuit breakers and different power quality sensors E Intra substation Network network inside a primary distribution substation or inside a transmission substation It is involved in low latency critical functions such as tele protection Internally to the substation the networks may comprise from one to three buses system bus process bus and multi services bus F Inter substation Network networks that interconnect substations with each other and with control centers These networks are wide area networks and the high end performance requirements for them can be stringent in terms of latency and burst response In addition these networks require very flexible scalability and due to geographic challenges they can require mixed physical media and multiple aggregation topologies System control tier networks provide networking for SCADA SIPS event messaging and remote asset monitoring telemetry traffic as well as peer to peer connectivity for tele protection and substation level distributed intelligence G Intra Control Centre Intra Data Centre Network networks inside two different types of facilities in the utility utility data centers and utility control centers They are at the same logical tier level but they are not the same networks as control centers have very different requirements for connection to real time systems and for security as compared to enterprise data centers which do
30. supplier A number of approaches are possible to achieve this and all would probably require changes to the industry model operating in the member state concerned However one way is that the community could in effect act as a group customer aggregating energy requirements pooling generation resources and entering into a supply possibly wholesale contract with their chosen supplier for the balance of the community s needs The community coordinator would keep a list of community energy resources up to date and indicate available resources and communicating community energy offers needs to each energy management gateway EMG Customers would continue to be metered individually but a community system of dynamic allocation would exist in parallel with direct transactions set up between different EMGs e g via the internet This need not involve the community coordinator However the coordinator would take information from the various CEMSs on the outcome of the transactions and divide costs and benefits according to whatever methodology they might mutually agree For the latter to work the community agreement would need to be registered with the supplier Registration would entitle community members to receive a higher price or other benefit for locally produced and consumed energy than the normal export price since the export price would normally take account of the distribution costs associated with injection of energy into the grid S
31. systems covering the customer premises like Smart Metering and aggregated prosumers management 8 Provided by WG SS 3 167 768 769 770 171 112 113 114 119 177 718 119 780 781 782 783 184 785 786 187 788 789 790 791 192 793 194 195 796 197 799 800 801 802 803 804 806 807 can ETSI S Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC th 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Jf XK Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K B Neighborhood Network networks at the distribution level between distribution substations and or end users They are composed of any number of purpose built networks that operate at what is often viewed as the last mile or Neighborhood Network level These networks may service metering distribution automation and public infrastructure for electric vehicle charging for example C AMI backhaul Network networks at the distribution level upper tier which is a multi services tier that integrates the various sub layer networks and provides backhaul connectivity in two ways directly back to control centers via the WAN defined below or directly to primary substations to facilitate substation level distributed intelligence It also provides peer to peer connectivity or hub and spoke connectivity for distributed intelligence in the distribution level D Low end intra substation Network networks inside secondary substations or MV LV transformer
32. the narrative 617 Furthermore the use case can be mapped on the SGAM Smart Grid Plane to identify affected domains and 618 zones 619 The general and detailed templates can be used for both business as well as system use cases However 620 the nature of the use case should not be mixed in a single use case description two separate documents 621 should be created and linked to each other and the related use case concept The business or technical 622 orientation of the use case description can be defined in the field nature of the use case For a business use 623 case actors are specified as roles as opposed to technical use case where actors are devices and or 624 systems The fields on objective and scope should provide further information on system boundaries that 625 projected on all layers may provide a reference for definition of interfaces and standards supporting the use 626 case 627 The detailed template includes a step by step analysis that is necessary to derive a detailed understanding 628 of the use case For the business layer the step by step analysis can be used to define the related business 629 process es for the business use cases For system use cases the step by step analysis provides details of 630 the information exchanged requirements at the communication layer and non functional requirements 23 631 632 633 634 635 636 637 638 640 can ETSI S Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC Q 7 Document
33. this might be a generic specialized individual primary or secondary use case 21 586 587 588 590 591 593 594 595 596 597 598 ETSI sy Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids AY Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K gt Business Case Business Use Case eg return on investment Business Function Use Case o Concept Information System use case Technical device system Communication Products e g VENDOR X Differential Protection Relay Concept High Level of Abstraction Low Implementation Component Figure 7 Relation of design scope use case classifications with SGAM analysis pattern Use Case Concepts or High level Use Cases describe the conceptual model of a use case This may include information on all SGAM layers at a high level of abstraction Business Use Cases and Device System Use Cases can be used to detail the use case concept Business use cases describe the SGAM business layer Based on the roles involved and their responsibilities relevant policies and regulations as well as business models should be identified In a further step of detailing the business service s and process es should be described The technical view of the use case is provided in the system use case description including details on the function information communication and component layer o
34. threat protocols e g Communication and risk analysis refer IEC 67357 to SGIS concepts Function Security mechanism selection cipher suites e g AES key length e g 128 bit policies etc Derivation of additional security supporting components Component level security requirements to secure Selection of secure implementation options Component implementation e g e g pure SW HSM support secure coding guidelines Level of Abstraction Low Implem entation 652 653 Figure 11 Detailed security requirements examples mapped to SGAM analysis patterns 654 6 4 Use case checklist 655 The following checklist should assist the authors of use cases in writing complete and good use case 656 descriptions Subsequently the information in the different fields of the use case description is used to 65 7 specify the details for the SGAM layers 658 Table 5 Use case checklist Use case field Description acc IEC 62559 2 Name of use case Is it an active verb goal phrase i e it refers to the activity of the Use Case itself using Verb description EXAMPLE Measure power Domain s amp zone s Does the description define domains amp zones of SGAM Does the use case description define the system boundary Narrative of use case Is it clear what functions are needed to specify SGAM function layer short complete Which legal requirements have to be considered
35. 0 COSEM Companion Specification for Energy Metering IEC 62056 40 844 845 861 862 863 can ETSI N Smart Grid Coordination Group pi CENELEC ETS 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids I Jf Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K 8 Examples showing the use of the SGAM 8 1 Introduction With the help of an example we like to validate the SGAM Methodology and justify the following key points The SGAM analysis pattern provides a valuable scheme to analysis visualize and compare Smart Grid use cases from high level to detailed specifications A Use Case Concept with its short template is a simple way to document general ideas in an easy manner It provides abstract information on all SGAM layers allows alternatives and leaves room for the experts to specify the details The mapping of the use case to the Smart Grid plane is a simple way to compare cluster group and harmonize several use cases In the following sub sections we discuss use cases related to Monitoring on very different levels of abstraction We will start with a high level use case taken from the previous work done in SG CG E and analyze it as a use case concept on all SGAM layers in an abstract manner Further detailing will be done for selected more detailed use cases and different views business as well as technical system Figure 18 shows an overview of the different examples outlined in the following sections where each
36. 1 Introduction The Smart Grid Architecture Model SGAM SG CG C is a reference model to analyse and visualise smart grid use cases in a technology neutral manner Furthermore it supports comparison of different approaches 10 362 363 364 365 366 367 368 369 370 371 372 373 374 375 376 377 378 379 380 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392 393 394 395 396 397 398 399 400 401 402 can ETSI Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC O Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Jf Bu a Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K to Smart Grid solutions so that differences and commonalities between various paradigms roadmaps and viewpoints can be identified By supporting the principles of universality localization consistency flexibility and interoperability it also provides a systematic approach to cope with the complexity of smart grids allowing a representation of the current state of implementations in the electrical grid as well as the evolution to future smart grid scenarios The SGAM builds on proven approaches from power systems as well as interdisciplinary fields like systems engineering and combines them in a simple but comprehensive model The work on the SGAM is specifically based on significant existing material such as the NIST Conceptual Model NIST 2009 the GridWise Architecture Council Stack interoperability categories GWAC 2008 the Intelli
37. 52 1038 1039 1040 1041 1042 1043 1044 1045 1046 1047 1048 1049 1050 1051 1052 1053 1054 can ETSI N Smart Grid Coordination Group pi CENELEC ETSI C Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids a Jf Eas Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K voltage control i e how distributed generation resources can be utilized for voltage stability control purposes based on distributed intelligence The use cases are described in more detail in appendix A The following generic functional architecture for flexibility has been used as a basis in considering these use cases Energy Management Providing Flexibility M490 Energy management Smart Device gateway EMG Actor A Smart Grid Connection PCCP ee eee ee Peer Smart Metering Smart meter SNe EGA Hel Actor B f consumer Functional metering reference architecture gateway LNAP functionality display according the SM CG TR50572 1 m e e e e e e u e g HBES device smart appliances storage generator domestic charger for EV complex display Figure 26 SGAM Analysis Generic functional description Note that the actors in the above architectural diagram are functional entities which means that some of them may be part of the same physical device e g CEM functionality may be part of a smart device the smart meter might also encompass the smart metering gateway and CEM etc The interfaces between t
38. 6 refer also to Cockburn 26 659 Use case field acc IEC 62559 2 Actors Relation to other use cases Nature of the use case References can ETSI E7 2 Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC Mm Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids I j MK Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Description Is the list of actors consistent in type and with nature of the use case i e on the same SGAM layer e g roles for business use cases or system devices for component layer Are the actors defined in relationship to the business roles responsibilities they are aimed to support Ensure that for business use cases the roles are based on the roles in the Conceptual Model or the Harmonized Role Model to ensure EU wide applicability For standardization purposes it is recommended that actor or role definitions do not force a combination of multiple in a single party Grouped actors or roles should be used only for simplification when commonly used e g DSO Does the use case relate to higher or lower level use cases e g use Case concept or business use case Is there a consistent relationship of refinement specialization between roles and actors Does the description of the use case address the same SGAM layers that can be used to express the nature of the use case e g business or technical component communication information Are there reference to be considered for the use ca
39. 8 7 EC European Commission 288 EDM Energy Data Management 289 EMG Energy Management Gateway 290 EMS Energy Management System 291 ETSI European Telecommunications Standard Institude 292 EV electric vehicle 293 FACTS Flexible Altering Current Transmission System 294 FEP Features Events and Processes 295 FLIR Forward looking infrared 296 FTP File Transfer Protocol 297 GUC Generic Use Case 298 HRM Harmonized Role Model 299 HES Hypertext Editing System 300 HL UC High Level Use Cases 301 HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol 302 HTTPS Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure 303 HV MV High Voltage Medium Voltage 304 HVAC Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning 305 HVDC High Voltage Direct Current 306 HW SW Hardware Software 307 308 309 310 311 312 313 314 315 316 317 318 319 320 321 322 323 324 325 326 327 328 329 330 331 332 333 334 335 336 337 338 339 340 341 342 343 344 345 346 347 348 349 350 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 p cenetec TIC Smart Grid Coordination Group Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K IEC International Electrotechnical Commission IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IETF Internet Engineering Task Force IP Internet Protocol LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LV Low Voltage MDM Meter Data Management MID Measuring instruments directive EC MMS Manufact
40. 90 D_ Smart Grid Information Security SG CG E SG CG M490 E_ Smart Grid Use Case Management Process Smart Grid Coordination Group Phase 2 Documents SG CG F SG CG M490 F_ Overview of SG CG Methodologies SG CG G SG CG M490 G_ Smart Grid Set of standards SG CG H SG CG M490 H_ Smart Grid Information Security SG CG I SG CG M490 L_ Smart Grid Interoperability SG CG J SG CG M490 J__ General Market Model Development SG CG K SG CG M490 K_ SGAM usage and examples this document SG CG L SG CG M490 L_ Flexibility Management 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 can ETSI S Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC th 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Jf XK Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Other references made in this report Cockburn DPIA template EN 50438 EN 50549 1 EN 50549 2 EnWG 52 GWAC 2008 IEC 60870 5 101 IEC 60870 5 104 IEC 61131 IEC 61158 IEC 61400 25 2 IEC 61400 25 3 IEC 61400 25 4 IEC 61499 IEC 61698 IEC 61784 1 IEC 61850 IEC 61850 7 4 IEC 61850 7 410 IEC 61850 7 420 IEC 61850 8 1 IEC 61850 8 2 IEC 61850 90 10 IEC 61850 90 11 IEC 61850 90 15 IEC 61850 90 2 Writing Effective
41. CEN CENELEC ETSI Smart Grid Coordination Group Date 11 2014 Secretariat CCMC SG CG M490 K_ SGAM usage and examples SGAM User Manual Applying testing amp refining the Smart Grid Architecture Model SGAM Version 3 0 CO ON Oo N 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 2 28 29 30 31 can ETSI S Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids I Jf is Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Foreword Based on the content of the M 490 EU mandate in its phase 1 2011 2012 the general scope of work on standardization of the Smart Grid might be considered as follows CEN CENELEC and ETSI are requested to develop a framework to enable European Standardization Organizations to perform continuous standard enhancement and development in the field of Smart Grids while maintaining transverse consistency and promoting continuous innovation In the light of the discussions held in late 2012 between the EC Reference Group EG1 and the Smart Grid Coordination Group SG CG the need to iterate the EC Mandate M 490 was considered and agreed by both sides As a main objective of the mandate phase 2 the SG CG wishes to implement the methodology developed in phase 1 which set the foundations for managing the continuous engineering and deployment of standards to ensure a real end to end interoperability for all generic use cases explicitl
42. Grid Methodology IEC PAS 62559 2008 01 the European Conceptual Model and architecture standards like TOGAF and Archimate Jonkers 2010 refer also to http pubs opengroup org architecture togaf9 doc arch and http pubs opengroup org architecture archimate2 doc The SGAM can be used in standardization and more widely e to enable a structured analysis of Smart Grid use cases e to visualize and compare different approaches to Smart Grid architectures paradigms roadmaps and viewpoints e to provide a guide to analyze potential implementation scenarios e to ensure a common understanding between different stakeholders e to identify standards and standardization gaps e to visualize the scope of Smart Grid projects e and in summary to cope with the complexity of Smart Grids It is important to qualify the main purpose of the SGAM as follows e the SGAM does not necessarily improve a proven architecture for a single domain or zone but shows it full strength modeling interactions between domains amp zones e the SGAM supports the derivation of system requirements but does not replace a detailed requirements specification e the SGAM does not replace a detailed development specification e the SGAM focuses on the architecture and does not model in detail the power system in the process zone e g effects of harmonics voltage sags etc e the SGAM does not replace detailed specifications on safety regulations or operationa
43. K Data concentration and access control at the station level SCADA system to process visualize archive etc the monitoring information Data to be collected are e g voltage current frequency phase angle active and reactive power and state of the control elements These data need different monitoring approaches depending on their time horizons A measurement of these quantities could be time critical and partially need high sample rates Further measurements are sent only when they exceed thresholds or every time a state change occurs The task is to optimize data collection finding a compromise between getting precise enough system states and not overloading the monitoring network The monitoring protocols have to support all timescales with high reliability All information collected should be stored in an archive for further processing Information flows Function Group withreferenceto e g SCADA standard I Entei g IEC61850 7 CIM Operation e a salen Communication flows ont re with reference to ystem tandard e g Substation Automation 4 s i System e g IEC61850 8 i f Enterprise nsnssasassasdasasaanaanas L one eee eee eon eho ae ee na am enter IEC 61850 8 1 BPLC WiMax WiFi Public Cellular Se ee ee i i i I i r T i FaN Ta G H T gt l a TO HP 0 T HV j LV i
44. LEC O Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Jf XK Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K a Ui and procurement Reflecting the market operations possible along the energy conversion chain e g energy trading retail market In general organizations can have actors in several domains and zones The areas of the activity of these actors can be shown in the smart grid plane E g for the business area of a transmission utility it is likely that the utility covers all segments of the transmission domain from process to market whereas a service provider offering weather forecast information for distribution system and DER operators could be located to the market zone interacting with the operation zone in the distribution and DER domains 5 3 SGAM interoperability layers For interoperability between systems or components the SGAM consists of five layers representing business objectives and processes functions information exchange and models communication protocols and components These five interoperability layers represent an abstract and condensed version of the interoperability categories introduced by the GridWise Architecture Council GWAC2008 Table 3 SGAM layers The business layer represents the business view on the information exchange related to smart grids SGAM can be used to map regulatory and economic market structures using harmonized roles and responsibilities and policies business
45. M490 K Advantages Description Further The repository provides export functionalities including a link to UML for further engineering detailed engineering reusing the developed use case IEC 62559 3 export functions Status of the The repository should support a work flow and the current status of a use case use case indicating e g if the use case is validated under discussion or in editing mode IEC introduces on short term a use case repository for the international standardization community A prototype of a use cases repository had been developed in phase 1 of the M 490 This repository still is available under Link https usecases dke de sandbox please use Browsers Chrome or Firefox User with Read only rights Name LookatMe Password LookatMe It contains the Generic Use Cases which had been evaluated and developed by WGSP in phase 1 SG CG E 7 Mappings using the SGAM 7 1 Mapping of a system breakdown on SGAM In the scope of this document a system is a typical industry arrangement of components and systems based on a single architecture serving a specific set of use cases In the following there are the systems which are been considered in SG CG G for the Smart Grid Set of Standards and which de facto form the set of the Smart Grid systems and can be mapped to the SGAM plane Figure 12 The guidelines mentioned in SG CG G indicate the purpose and limits associated to system definition a
46. SP 2137 there is in effect a community of producers who are prepared to inject power as required by the local distribution company This community may be virtual rather than geographically delineated as in WGSP 2136 but in common with WGSP 2136 the list of individual premises involved in the process would probably be registered in some way in this instance with the distribution company While the need for power injection could be communicated to the producers in the community by the distribution company this use case envisages an automatic process based on monitoring of the system by individual producers and peer to peer communications between them to determine optimal dispatching on a collective basis Since the purpose is to stabilize voltage within the wider distribution grid no special community tariff arrangements would be required Individual producers would be recompensed via the usual export tariffs for their part in the collective resolution of the need for injection In common with WGSP 2136 peer to peer communication would be required together with the existence of a community coordinator who would manage the community response in accordance with locally determined rules 63 1226 1227 1228 1229 1230 1231 1232 1233 1234 can ETSI Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC ETs _ Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids a j bua Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K In terms of information flows at th
47. Systems Brief introduction comments function operation manual intervention and management for the energy efficient economical and reliable operation of buildings Industrial Automation systems Brain of the industrial plant in charge of monitoring and controlling the industrial process and associated facilities E mobility systems Please refer to the system description in the SG CG G SG CG M490 G_Smart Grid Set of standards Transverse Micro grid systems Please refer to the system description in the SG CG G SG CG M490 G_Smart Grid Set of standards Market places including trading Please refer to the system description in the systems SG CG G SG CG M490 G_Smart Grid Set of standards Weather observation and Please refer to the system description in the forecast system SG CG G SG CG M490 G_Smart Grid Set of standards Asset management and Asset Management Systems and Condition condition monitoring system Monitoring devices are promising tools to optimize the OpEx and CapEx spending of utilities Condition based maintenance for example allows the reduction of maintenance costs without sacrificing reliability Furthermore they may also be used to utilize additional transport capacity due to better cooling of primary equipment e g transmission lines on winter days Administration Communication network Please refer to the system description in the management system SG CG G SG CG M490 G_Smart Grid Set of standards
48. Use Cases Alistair Cockburn Addison Wesley 2001 Data Protection Impact Assessment Template Requirements for micro generating plants to be connected in parallel with public low voltage distribution networks Requirements for the connection of a generating plant to a distribution system Part 1 Connection to a LV distribution system and above 16A Draft Requirements for the connection of a generating plant to a distribution system Part 2 Connection to a MV distribution system Energy Industry Act Germany GridWise Interoperability Context Setting Framework March 2008 GridWise Architecture Council online www gridwiseac org Telecontrol equipment and systems Part 5 101 Transmission protocols Companion standard for basic telecontrol tasks Telecontrol equipment and systems Part 5 104 Transmission protocols Network access for IEC 60870 5 101 using standard transport profiles Programmable controllers Industrial communication networks Fieldbus specifications Wind turbines Part 25 2 Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants Information models Wind turbines Part 25 3 Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants Information exchange models Wind turbines Part 25 4 Communications for monitoring and control of wind power plants Mapping to communication profile Function blocks Datasheets Industrial communication networks Profiles Part 1 Fieldbus profiles Comm
49. a too Wireless communications may have to comply with local or regional regulations such as the European Directive for Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment R amp TTE 2014 53 EU previous version 1999 5 EC For Smart Grid communication architecture technology products based on specifications from industry consortia e g IETF W3C have been deployed widely notably in the area of IP protocols and web services In the section below the list of standards specifications takes into account the ones which fulfill market requirements SG CG C Annex F provided some detailed information on standards pertaining to Smart Grid communications This list of standards will now be hosted in the new edition of the Set of Standards SG CG G 7 3 2 Communication network type breakdown Depending on the Smart Grid target applications different types of communication networks and also collections of communication networks using different transmission technologies may be selected in order to transmit and deliver Smart Grid data The following network types could be defined for the Smart Grids e A Subscriber Access Network networks that provide general broadband access including but not limited to the internet for the customer premises homes building facilities They are usually not part of the utility infrastructure and provided by communication service providers but can be used to provide communication service for Smart Grid
50. addition to that there could also be interrelations between the abstraction levels on different layers However generally the number of abstraction levels depends on the purpose of the modelling effort project and interrelations between abstraction levels must not necessarily exist An overview of exemplary abstraction levels is given in Figure 3 Each layer therein depicts some concepts examples used in steps of successive model refinements that can be carried out on the respective interoperability layer The identification may then finally support a definition of interoperability requirements The abstraction levels on different layers depicted in Figure 3 do not necessarily relate to abstraction levels on the same level of abstraction on other layers _ CoO Tr eS Functional Information Communication Component Internal behavior Use Case Function Groups Function control flow e g Monitoring Flexibility e g SCADA e g Data acquisition e g flow charts state machine System of systems Systems Dev oo Prod uct l Distibution System e g Substation Automation e g Intelligent Electronic e g VENDOR X Differential ai y System Device IED Protection Relay Concept High Levebf Abstraction Lowylmplementation Figure 3 Exemplary categorization of different abstraction levels per SGAM layer SGAM analysis pattern 16 531 532 can ETSI S Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC th 7 Document fo
51. aeeesaeeeseees 39 7 3 4 Data modelling with the SGAM ccccccsccccsecceseeceseeceeeecueeceucecaueesaeeeceessueecaueesaeessaeessusessaeenaaes 39 8 Examples showing the use of the SGAM scsececsssssseeeseeeesseeeseoessseeeeeoeesseeeeeoeseeessooenseeeseonenseees 41 8 1Introduction 41 8 2Example 1 Monitoring of the distribution grid SG CG WGSP 0600 ee ceeceeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeaeeeeeens 42 8 3Example 1 1 Monitoring inside the distribution grid Business Use Case ccccceeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeens 43 8 4Example 1 2 Monitoring inside the distribution grid Device system USE CASE cceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeees 44 8 5Example 1 1 1 Detailing the secondary use case ACCESS Control cccccsececeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeaeeeseeees 45 8 6Example 1 1 2 Monitor system interruptions and report to regulator cccceeceseeeeceeeeseeeeaeeeeaeees 48 9 Further example use cases to test the SGAM ccccssssseeeeeessseeeseeessseeeeeoeeseeeeeeoenseeeseonenseeessonenseees 52 70 71 72 73 74 15 76 Tf 78 19 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 8 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 can ETSI S Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC K 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids a Jf Eu Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K 9 10Overview 52 9 2High level use case WGSP 2135 Inter CEMS energy tradi
52. and communication security Part 6 Security for IEC 61850 IEC TS 62351 8 Power systems management and associated information exchange Data and communications security Part 8 Role based access control IEC TR 62357 Power system control and associated communications Reference architecture for object models services and protocols 2003 Power systems management and associated information exchange Part 1 Reference architecture Use case methodology Part 2 Definition of the templates for use cases actor list and requirements list CDV 2013 Use case methodology Part 3 Definition of use case template artefacts into an XML serialized format System Schnittstelle zwischen Kunden Energiemanagementsystemen und Energieversorgungsmanagementsystemen Specific application of method amp tools for defining Part 1 Generic smart grid requirements NP 2014 IEC PAS 62559 2008 01 IntelliGrid Methodology for Developing Requirements for Energy Systems 2008 ISO IEC 27001 Information technology Security techniques Information security management systems Requirements TOGAF 9 and ArchiMate 1 0 White paper The Open Group 2010 refer also to http oubs opengroup org architecture togaf9 doc arch and http pubs opengroup org architecture archimate2 doc NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Interoperability Standards Release 1 0 2009 Office of the National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperabi
53. as use cases become more detailed they increasingly reflect national and industry circumstances However detailed use cases can be readily fitted into the SGAM methodology and framework The value of the methodology is that it provides Member States Technical Committees and others with a common approach and analytical language for such activity The analysis of the new use cases demonstrates is that there is no lack of European standards for the two use cases considered The main challenge presented by the possibility of peer to peer communications as envisaged relates to the market industry legal and regulatory framework for such activity Member States and others wishing to develop the concept at national level are exploring what arrangements would be 54 1102 1103 1104 1105 1106 1107 1108 1109 can ETSI S Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC ETs _ Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids I Jf Eu Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K required and it may be necessary to review this preliminary conclusion in the light of such national use cases Finally the work demonstrates the need for ready access to the use case repository and to the templates and examples of use case descriptions such as those shown in Appendix A below This is necessary if those with potential new or more detailed use cases are to be able to check the relationship of such use cases to what has already been developed and to integrate them
54. case description The different fields in the use case template provide the information for the analysis e g the field Domain s Zone s specifies directly how the use case maps onto the Smart Grid Plane Furthermore the actor list in the use case description provides depending on the type of the actor information on the roles involved to model the business layer in SGAM or information on the systems and devices involved to model the component layer Use case descriptions vary in their level of abstraction as well as in design scope as described in detail in chapter 6 2 1 Thus analysis with SGAM also varies as described in the following section 5 5 SGAM levels of abstraction This section provides an overview for each interoperability layer in the SGAM on different levels of abstraction on which an SGAM analysis can be applied These SGAM analysis patterns are intended to provide guidance on how to model with the SGAM on a level of abstraction chosen starting from a concept up to a detailed level required for implementation There can be different abstraction levels defined for each layer Ideally a fixed number of abstraction levels is defined per SGAM layer including respective concepts 15 486 487 488 489 Can ETSI S Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC era J Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids js J D al Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K that are relevant in a specific SGAM development iteration In
55. ccceeeceeeeceneeceueeceesceeceucesaueesauessaeeseueeseueesseesseeeseas 30 History of document Content 18 12 2013 For publication and review by the BTs and TCs 29 08 2014 Final for distribution to the SG CG commenting phase V3 0 31 10 2014 Final version after commenting period in SG CG and integrating of the received comments 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 165 166 can ETSI S Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC th 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Jf XK Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K 1 Executive summary This report seeks to present a user manual demonstrating the application of the SGAM methodology developed in phase 1 validating it by reference to use cases systems and communications and testing it by considering new use cases in order to identify whether any adaptations are required to the SGAM The SGAM is also related to systems and communications in order to show its application and value as a methodology At a general and strategic level the user manual presented in this report confirms the value of the SGAM and the approach to mapping of use cases against the SGAM illustrating how use cases can be considered and incorporated within the present SGAM framework The analysis shows that the SGAM is a
56. ce although it is beyond the scope of the SG CG we indicate in Figure 3 that the detailed level of abstraction can also include products on the component layer and a business case on the business layer for the stakeholders concerned Figure 4 outlines the mapping of parts of an exemplary use case WGSP 2136 to concepts on the different SGAM interoperability layers Beyond concepts being related to concepts on the same layer like components can be physically connected to other components or functions interacting with other functions or business processes are performed by roles interrelations between concepts on different layers exist In Figure 4 for instance it is illustrated that certain elements from the component layer support data models as concepts from the information layer or communication protocols as concepts from the communication layer Also realization relationships are depicted A business process as concept from the business layer is realized by technical functions of the function layer and the latter ones are realized by physical elements depicted on the component layer systems 17 933 534 535 536 Smart Grid Coordination Group Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K p it La P t z Er Lh F ET f K Ye FE PES fe On e Ss a m a a 3 pe ch r in m fy o Pia s connected to a fe un o 2 3 oo Ja
57. e local level there would be a similar need for communications between individual community members or rather the energy management gateways of the premises concerned and the community coordinator and potentially peer to peer communications between energy management gateways also However since the use case is primarily concerned with achieving the optimal response by the community to a distribution problem the coordinator would in this instance communicate with the distribution system operator Again the coordinator is in effect acting as a customer and communications from the distribution company can be seen as an emergency response use Case 64 can NS Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC Ers _ Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K 1235 A3 3 Detailed mapping of WGSP 2137 to SGAM 1236 The following diagrams illustrate possible mapping of WGSP 2137 at the component communication and 1237 information layers Market Asset amp Maintenance o Enterprise DER operation Operation 7s i Communicaton E AE O Ei ROR ENG eee Sees 7 E DER Plant ie Controller Station DER Unit Field Controller Co ordinating EM B EN 50438 1 EN 50549 1 4 EN 50549 2 Process ates ee et es Other community Generation Transmission Distribution DER Customer Premises 1238 1239 Figure A 4 Mapping of WGSP 2137 to the SGAM Component Layer
58. eer to peer element 9 4 Implications of above analysis for the SGAM The above analysis does not indicate that peer to peer communications as envisaged in the two use cases considered necessitate modification of the SGAM Peer to peer communications can follow whatever protocols may be agreed upon locally However in the activity envisaged in WGSP 2136 residual flexibility arrangements after local optimization would need to be managed with the supplier utility Such communications would thus most probably make use of the protocols already defined for aggregated prosumers management systems Indeed in overall terms WGSP 2136 can be seen as a refinement of the existing flexibility use case with the addition of the peer to peer element Similarly in the case of WGSP 2137 communications with the distribution domain would most probably make use of the protocols already defined for distributed power quality control systems 9 5 Conclusions of the work to date At a general and strategic level the above analysis shows the value of the SGAM and the approach to mapping of use cases against the SGAM It demonstrates how new use cases can be considered and incorporated within the present SGAM framework using the tools developed by the SG CG It also shows how potential standardization gaps resulting from a new use case can be identified This should be of value to future smart grid related work by Technical Committees The analysis also shows that
59. ers system eneration management system Generation management system is the control G Bulk Generation management system Large Renewable centre for Bulk or Large renewable generation plant Even if there may be some specificities for each of these the rest of the document will mostly merge both into one system type Substation automation system Refer to Distribution Real time blackout prevention systems usually based on measurement coming from phase measurement units The Energy Management System EMS is the control centre for the Transmission Grid Today customers require an open architecture to enable easy IT integration and better support to avoid blackouts e g visualization of the grid status dynamic network stability analysis Power Electronics is among the actuators in the power grid Systems like HVDC and FACTS enable actual control of the power flow and can help to increase transport capacity without increasing short circuit power The Distribution Management System DMS is the counterpart to the EMS and is therefore the control center for the distribution grid In countries where outages are a frequent problem the Outage Management System OMS is an important component of the DMS Other important components are fault location and interfaces to Geographic Information Systems Whereas automated operation and remote control is state of the art for the transmission grid mass deploy
60. escribing the requested security functionality required to protect the assets integrity authentication confidentiality these requirements get more detailed in terms of selected mechanisms to address the functional requirements by specific security measures These measures relate to technical implementation security requirements e g AES 128 bit for encryption application of attribute certificates for role based access control but also to procedural security requirements necessary to operate the technical security measures e g key updates association of roles and rights for role based access control 25 can ETSI S Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC C 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Jf XK Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Determination of security impacton Definition of business frameworks business e g legal frameworks t e g SLA securing the business Business distinct business driven requirements case lt Definition of Security _ Information Distribution Security Functional Building Blocks e g hosus RR high level e g Integrity Authentication Elements security requirements Confidentiality most likely covering both business assets as well as system Information assets The assetsas System level security well as the risk impact requirements targeting shall be determined interoperability selected based onthe use case Secure communication description with a
61. f SGAM on different levels of abstraction Details on products and business cases are excluded from the use case description as depicted in the figure because they are specific to the company internal strategy Nevertheless they might be relevant for real world use cases projects 6 2 3 Relation of use case template with SGAM analysis pattern Use case templates provide a uniform way to document use case descriptions Based on IEC PAS Intelligrid Methodology for developing Requirements for Energy Systems the SG CG SP Sustainable Processes WG provided a use case template in the three versions short general and detailed as examples The short version included only a small number of fields and provides simple way to document use cases The general version included e g additional fields on the relation to other use cases the nature of the use case and scope amp objective Later the detailed version included a step by step analysis by which exchanged information and requirements can be identified The use case template is also explained in detail IEC 62559 2 which also allows the definition of further versions of the template on individual demand However it is recommended that the definitions for the use of the fields in the template are followed These use case templates with different level of detail fit to the SGAM analysis pattern as depicted in Figure 8 Selected fields of the templates are listed in the figure A use case descrip
62. for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Jf Ea a Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K The field in the use case description Actors roles Step by step should specify SGAM analysis Busines layers on different business Business k gt g Purto level of abstraction of the Obje use I ctive Narrative of Use Case ior Function short complete ae Narrative of Step by Information high level ei step Exchanged kpr use case Scope analysis a ra technical Communication ing Domains zones Component 5 Products gt g VENDOR X Actors system devices Differential Protection a A Z Relay Concept _High Level of Abstraction Low Implem entation Figure 9 Mapping of fields in the use case templates to SGAM analysis pattern example The mapping of some fields from the use case templates to SGAM analysis pattern is shown in Figure 9 depicting how information contained in use case descriptions can help to define interoperability requirements at each interoperability layer Only those fields from the templates which provide information for the SGAM analysis are shown These fields should specify SGAM layers on different levels of abstraction 6 3 Relation of security requirements with SGAM layer abstraction As depicted in the figure below high level security requirements based on use cases have to be defined These high level security requirements are based
63. foundation even more important Currently the IEC framework relies on 3 main pillars as far as data modeling is concerned represented in Figure 17 can ETSI N Smart Grid Coordination Group pi CENELEC ETS C Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids a be al Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K 831 The same figure represents also the 3 harmonization work items i e the definition of unified shared 832 semantic sub areas or formal transformation rules which need to be performed in order to allow an easy 833 bridging of these semantic domains 834 e Harmonization between CIMY and IEC 61850 mostly to seamlessly connect the field to operation 835 and enterprise level 836 e Harmonization between CIM and COSEM19 mostly to seamlessly interconnect electricity supply 837 and grid operation 838 e Harmonization between COSEM and IEC 61850 where smart metering may co habit with Power 839 Utility Automation systems 840 For further information about the current standardization work in this area please refer to SG CG G _ i cecee as ona Market Enterprise i e CIM IEC 61850 harmonisation ale ON N e 1EC61850 data model E poo e COSEM IEC 61850 harmonisation 4 e COSEM data model smart metering acia Customer Generation Transmission Distribution premises 842 Figure 17 Data modeling and harmonization work mapping 841 843 9 CIM Common Information Model IEC 61968 IEC 61970 1
64. ged their individual flexibility in the way they had agreed upon e g by having made optimum use of their local generation resources Thus in SGAM terms the peer to peer activity for WGSP 2136 is essentially localized to the DER and Customer Premises domains and the Process zone with communications feeding back to the supplier for billing purposes The relevant communications would be via the energy management gateway or smart meter gateway Given that the supplier will be receiving data and perhaps also managing the allocation process communications would most probably make use of the protocols already defined for demand and production generation flexibility systems and in particular aggregated prosumers management systems In the case of WGSP 213 7 the need for injection would be evident within the distribution domain and field zone and as noted earlier there would be some interaction between these zones and the peer to peer activity described These communications would most probably make use of the protocols already defined for distributed power quality control systems Appendix A of the current document illustrate the detailed mapping of each of the use cases using the format adopted in the First Set of Standards work for the component communication information and function layers This mapping Is essentially the same as that for aggregated prosumers management systems and distributed power quality control systems with the addition of a p
65. gy amp New Applications SG CG M490 K uc SGAM Use Case Analysis Monitoring the distribution grid Generation 879 Transmission Distribution DSO Distribution Producer DER Aggregator System Operator Market Enterprise Operation Station Process Consumer Meter Operator 880 Figure 20 Primary use cases for Monitoring the distribution grid 881 8 3 Example 1 1 Monitoring inside the distribution grid Business Use Case Roles amp Responsibilities Use case includes a role with a clear responsibility According to HRM the following role is a grouped role refer to SG CG J From EG1 Distribution System Operator DSO according to the Article 2 6 of the Directive a natural or legal person responsible for operating ensuring the maintenance of and if necessary developing the distribution system in a given area and where applicable its interconnections with other systems and for ensuring the long term ability of the system to meet reasonable demands for the distribution of electricity Moreover the DSO is responsible for regional grid access and grid stability integration of renewables at the distribution level and regional 43 Policies Regulation Business Models e g law on energy industry caen ETSI y Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC ETE 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids a Jf Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K
66. he entities shown in the diagram are the subject of current standardization activities overseen by the Smart Grid Co ordination Group with those involving the AMI delegated to the Smart Meter Co ordination Group 9 3 Consideration of use cases against the SGAM Interoperability Layers Figure 27 SGAM Domains and Zones 53 1055 1056 1057 1058 1059 1060 1061 1062 1063 1064 1065 1066 1067 1068 1069 1070 1071 1072 1073 1074 1075 1076 1077 1078 1079 1080 1081 1082 1083 1084 1085 1086 1087 1088 1089 1090 1091 1092 1093 1094 1095 1096 1097 1098 1099 1100 1101 can ETSI Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC Mm Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids I Jf MK Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Looking at the SGAM framework we have seen that the activity envisaged in the selected use cases both involve peer to peer communications between CEMSs within a community In the case of WGSP 2136 the community would be at the most local level within a few dwellings or buildings within a neighborhood That community of CEMs would manage their own flexibility as far as possible independently of the distribution system acting as a kind of local clearing house for flexibility The wider smart grid would only see the net result of that local activity if there were any residual flexibility needs or offerings after the local community had mana
67. he whole Smart Grid landscape Conceptual business requirements are refined in one or several business use cases written by business architects or regulators which describe them within an enterprise scope i e the operation of businesses and the interaction between different roles e g to contract or negotiate services In the next 18 551 552 554 555 556 558 559 560 561 562 563 564 565 566 567 568 569 570 571 572 573 574 575 can ETSI N Smart Grid Coordination Group pi CENELEC ETSI C Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids I Jf Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K step of refinement the technical view is added by specifying one or multiple device system use cases to realize the goal of a business use case For these technical use cases we can define the device system boundaries Requirements for HW SW engineers describe the interactions between the system s and external actors i e other systems devices The following figure as well as following table clarifies the use case classification for the design scope in further detail We would note that this classification of the use case design scope is complementary to the level of abstraction of the use case description outlined in clause 5 Each use case type can be described additionally with different levels of abstraction As outlined in Cockburn the key difference between the classification of design scope and the level
68. ibed in IEC 62351 8 e LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Protocol used to access directory services to retrieve certificates May be used using TLS e OCSP Online Certificate Status Protocol Protocol to retrieve fresh revocation information for single certificates Avoids storing certificate revocation list CRLS on single field devices 11 The understanding of roles in this standard is similar as described in SG CG J but these roles are not related to the HRM Here they are related to different responsibilities and access rights as explained 47 959 960 961 962 963 965 966 967 968 969 970 971 972 973 974 975 976 977 979 992 994 995 996 997 can ETSI S Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC th Cm Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids I Jf MK Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K e CRL retrieval Protocols used to request a CRL from a Certification Authority CA These protocols may be FTP SSH or HTTP Unsecure protocols should be protected e g by using an underlying security protocol like TLS The CRL is protected by itself as it is signed by the CA The component layer comprises additional components for credential handling like the generation or revocation of X 509 key material This task is commonly performed by a Public Key Infrastructure PKI The additional components needed here comprise a Certification Authority issuing the X 509 certificates inc
69. imilarly members consuming locally produced power would receive a discount on the distribution element of the normal retail tariff to reflect their local consumption NOTE _ this is simpler to achieve if all members of the community are customers of the same supplier 57 can ETSI Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC O Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids e j F Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K A community coordinator specific to the community or an Energy Service Provider acting on behalf of the community could receive an aggregated bill on behalf of all members based on these special community prices and then allocate costs income accordingly Or the supplier acting as the agent of the community and following the community s allocation rules in the registered agreement could carry out the task NOTE A direct peer to peer agreement between two individual parties seems unlikely to be able to be implemented without someone playing a coordinating role serving as a community repository or acting as an aggregator on behalf of the community and for this reason the community coordinator is seen as a separate actor even if the role is undertaken by one of the users in the community In terms of information flows there would be a need to manage the aggregation and allocation process This would require communications between individual community members or more precisely the energy management gateways of the prem
70. ir own upcoming loading schedule the habits of the house the storage capacity its own generation capacity and other relevant information Accepting the energy offer would lead to a load increase and effectively a temporary switch of energy provider in the homes that accepted the energy offer Hence the energy produced by the PV would be locally absorbed Various schemes of energy allocation within the neighborhood can be thought of leading to different required billing approaches This dynamic matching may result in nothing being perceived at the distribution substation no load increment no injection increment WGSP 2136 Inter CEM flexibility offerings Scenario Primary Triggering Event Pre Condition Post Condition Name Actor Inter CEM CEM 1 is made CEM_1 is configured to create CEM xyz flexibility aware of one or flexibility offerings aware that offering more potential flexibility has flexible loads CEM_1 is configured for inter been assigned production CEM communication The potential flexible load does not fall into a constraint set by the end user Typical steps Name of Description of Information Information Information Process Process Activity Producer Receiver Activity Actor Exchanged CEM_1 is Send CEM_1 creates CEM_1 CEM 2 n Flexibility Offer made flexibility flexibility offering aware of one and sends this to 56 can ETSI S Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC th CM Document
71. ises concerned and the community coordinator and potentially peer to peer communications between CEMSs via their energy management gateways also Since this use case is primarily concerned with achieving the optimal commercial outcome for the community the coordinator would also communicate with the community s supplier with the coordinator acting as either a community aggregator or a quasi customer and dealing with the supplier for any surplus energy made available to the wider grid Since the coordinator is in effect acting as a customer communications with the supplier can be seen in the same way as when an individual customer is providing flexibility 58 can S Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC Ers _ Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids a Jf es all Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K 1181 A 2 3 Detailed mapping of WGSP 2136 to SGAM 1182 The following diagrams illustrate possible mapping of WGSP 2136 at the component communication and 1183 information layers Market Flexibility sysiem service supplier Enterprise Operation Station Co ordinating Field Other community Private Process Generation Distribution DER Customer Premises Transmission 1184 1185 Figure A 1 Mapping of WGSP 2136 to the SGAM Component Layer 1186 14 Please that the following mappings are based on SG CG G abbreviations and symbols are explained in this report 59 p ceee F _
72. l conditions The SGAM is outlined in detail in the remaining part of this section 5 2 SGAM Smart Grid Plane Power system management distinguishes between electrical process and information management These viewpoints can be partitioned into the physical domains of the electrical energy conversion chain and the hierarchical zones for management of the electrical process refer to IEC 62357 1 2012 IEC 62264 2003 The Smart Grid Plane spans in one dimension the complete electrical energy conversion chain partitioned into five domains Bulk Generation Transmission Distribution DER and Customer Premises And in the other dimension the hierarchical levels of power system management partitioned into six zones Process Field Station Operation Enterprise and Market This smart grid plane enables the representation of the zones in which power system management interactions between domains or inside a single domain take place 11 403 404 405 406 407 408 409 410 411 can ETSI N Smart Grid Coordination Group pi CENELEC ETE 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Jf fe Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Information Management Power System Equipment amp Energy Conversion Generation a f ay vame oe L oY Distrib i istribution a 4 DER Customer Premises Station Zones Field Process Domains Figure 1 Smart Grid Plane Domains amp zones of SGAM
73. lity National Institute of Standards and Technology U S Department of Commerce Guidelines for Smart Grid Cyber Security www nist gov smartgrid upload nistir 7628 total pdf 2010 Smart Grid Coordination Group Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K p ceee IIC 256 R amp TTE Radio and Telecommunications Terminal Equipment R amp TTE 2014 53 EU 257 previous version 1999 5 EC 258 WGSP 0600 2136 2137 Use cases refer to SG CG E 259 260 3 Terms and definitions 261 Refer to SG CG F 262 263 4 Symbols and abbreviations 264 AC Altering Current 265 AES Advanced Encryption Standard 266 AMI Advanced Metering Infrastructure 267 AS 268 BACS Building Automation and Control System 269 BNetzA German Federal Network Agency 2 0 BRP Balance Responsible Party 211 BT Technical Board 212 BUC Business Use Case 2 3 CA Certification Authority 214 CapEx Capacity Expansion 2 5 CEM Customer Energy Management 2 6 CEMS Customer Energy Management System 21 1 CEN Comit Europ en de Normalisation 2 8 CENELEC Comit Europ en de Normalisation Electrotechnique 219 CFC Continuous Function Chart 280 CIM Common Information Model 281 COSEM Companion Specification Energy Metering 282 CRL Certificate revocation list 283 CSP Concentrated Solar Power 284 DER Distributed Energy Resources 285 DMS Distribution Management System 286 DSO Distribution System Operator 2
74. luding the role information and also a repository for querying the RBAC information A component is also needed for storing revocation information for the case when a RBAC credential is revoked before its validity period has ended As shown above IEC 62351 8 can be used to support RBAC for the discussed use case and in general for Smart Grid Systems Nevertheless regarding IEC 62351 8 there are also gaps which can be identified e for interoperability reasons a mandatory profile for RBAC support is necessary The standard currently defines three different profiles without requiring concrete support for at least one This would be necessary to ensure interoperability and avoid a full implementation of this standard e transport profiles also for other protocols than TCP IP e g application for UDP IP or even Ethernet based communication may be outlined The current standard only takes TLS as concrete example for application Nevertheless there are other standards utilizing X 509 certificates for authentication on transport but also on OSI application layer They may leverage the approach of enhancing either the X 509 public key certificate with the role information as an extension or by providing an attribute certificate containing the role information for a holder of a dedicated X 509 public key certificate 8 6 Example 1 1 2 Monitor system interruptions and report to regulator As outlined in the previous sections the Monitoring u
75. ment of Distribution Automation is only recently becoming more frequent leading to Smart Gears Countries like the United States of America where overhead lines are frequently used benefit most Advanced distribution automation concepts promote automatic self configuration features reducing outage times to a minimum self healing grids Another step further is the use of distributed energy resources to create self contained cells MicroGrids MicroGrids can help to assure energy supply 30 can ETSI Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC C J Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids a Jf Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Domain or Systems Brief introduction comments function in distribution grids even when the transmission grid has a blackout Substation automation system Substation Automation amp Protection is the backbone for a secure grid operation During recent years serial bus communication has been introduced IEC 61850 Security is based on protection schemes DER management system Please refer to the system description in the SG CG G SG CG M490 G_Smart Grid Set of standards Electrical storage systems Please refer to the system description in the SG CG G SG CG M490 G_Smart Grid Set of standards ee FACTS a Refer to Transmission Customer AMI system The Advanced Metering Infrastructure AMI premises system allows remote meter configuration dynamic tariffs powe
76. models and use cases business portfolios products amp services of market parties involved Also business capabilities use cases and business processes can be represented in this layer The function layer describes system use cases functions and services including their relationships from an architectural viewpoint The functions are represented independent from actors and physical implementations in applications systems and components The functions are derived by extracting the use case functionality that is independent from actors The information layer describes the information that is being used and exchanged between functions services and components It contains information objects and the underlying canonical data models These information objects and canonical data models represent the common semantics for functions and services in order to allow an interoperable information exchange via communication means Communication The emphasis of the communication layer is to describe protocols and mechanisms for the interoperable exchange of information between components in the context of the underlying use case function or service and related information objects or data models routers switches servers and any kind of computers Component The emphasis of the component layer is the physical distribution of all participating components in the smart grid context This includes system amp device actors power system equipment t
77. nd CEM_1 Flexibility flexibility creates a Request aware of request flexibility a request and flexibility sends this to need connected neighborhood CEM s Neighbor Reply to Neighborhood Flexibility hood flexibility CEM s reply Request Reply CEM s request indicating the receive conditions the under which flexibility they are request willing to provide 62 1210 1211 1212 1213 1214 1215 1216 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 can ETSI Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC PD Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids I Jf Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K CEM_1 Assign CEM_1 z CEM_xyz Flexibility receives flexibility determines Request reply the winners Assignment from the final offering amount of neighbor power for hood each and CEM s sends an assignment to the winning neighborhood CEM s Information exchanged Name of Description of Information Exchanged Information Exchanged Flexibility Offer Flexibility Offer Contains information on how much flexibility is the CEM willing to buy what is the Reply local impact and which is the sensitivity index value Flexibility Offer Assignment Gaa Request Dini Request Contains information on how much A is the CEM willing to offer what is the Reply local impact and which is the sensitivity index value Flexibility Request Assignment A 3 2 Implications WGSP 2137 In WG
78. nd completeness of the considered list This list of systems Table 7 is actually made of three types of systems e Domain specific systems Generation Transmission Distribution DER Customer Premises e Function specific systems usually crossing domain borders Marketplace systems Demand flexibility systems Smart metering systems Weather observation and forecast systems e Other systems usually focusing on administration features asset management clock reference communication management device management These so called Administration systems are usually present in all the above one but are generally implemented to co habit with the domain specific domain Depending on the implementation such cohabitation may lead to really separated systems and roles or completely integrated systems and roles Provided by WG SS 29 CENELEC ETSC Table 7 Smart Grids Smart Grid Coordination Group Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K list of the main systems Domain or Systems Brief introduction comments function Generation Black out prevention WAMS Wide Area Monitoring Protection and control systems E o Flexible AC Transmission Systems FACTS Distribution Advanced DMS SCADA system including Geographical Information system GIS and outage management system OMS Distribution automation systems Feeder automation smart reclos
79. ng cccccseecceeeeeseeeeeeeeseeeeseeeeseeesseeesaeeess 52 9 3Consideration of use cases against the SGAM ccccccccccccseeceeeeeceeeeseeeeseeeeseeeeseeeseeeeseeeeseeeeseeesseeesaeeees 53 9 4Implications of above analysis for the SGAM ccccecccceeccseeeeaeeeeeeeeseeeeseeeeseeeeseeeseeeseeeeseeeeseeesseeeseneess 54 9 5Conclusions of the Work tO date cccccccsesecceeseecesececeececeueeeneueeesaseeesaseeseaecesegecesegeeesaseessaeeensaeeenenesens 54 Appendix A Use case descriptions and mapping to SGAM ccccccesseeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeneeenseeeeeeeenons 56 A 1Introduction into the Appendix ccccccccssecceseeceeeceececeucecsueeseeccueecsaeessueesaeeesueeseaeesaueeseessueessaeessesenaaes 56 A2 Priman usecase WGSP 2135 ra tere otis rinne one see wou a EEEE O EE E DE RENO 56 PZ NMC SCT ON ien E E E E E E E E 56 A22 implications CNS Pai 0 oat ne eine ain ne ne ene eee nen eee eee a ne eee ee een Eaa eee 57 A3 Primary use case WGSP 213 secsec nnani ieai Anni RAER anaE AERA EAEE DRAR AEAEE AKENE ARE ERANA 62 Ant DESOUN oee E A E ET E E E EA 62 jaws wm MmMoolcatons WOSP 2TS fearrann O E O 63 A 3 3 Detailed mapping of WGSP 2137 to SGAM 0 0 0 cccccccc cece eeeceeeeceeeeseeeeaeeesaeeeseeeseeeesaeetaeeesaeeess 65 List of figures Figure 1 Smart Grid Plane Domains amp zones Of SGAM ccc ceccccccccececeeeeceeeeaeeeeaeeesaeeeseeeeseeeeaeeesseeeseueesaees 12 Figure 2 SGAM
80. ntrolled by a broker agent which can detect the voltage violation Each agent can behave as a broker to engage the other agents and in practice their generators in the voltage regulation Note that each agent is capable of broker behavior so this structure is not rigid Each producer can contribute depending on its current operating conditions and electrical position in the network Via his CEMS the broker agent requests flexibility and based on the current information and offers received from the other agents decides a dispatch strategy In this use case the broker agent is considered to be a part of the CEM and includes local monitoring and control capabilities as well as algorithms for brokerage including accounting Since this use case describes communication between multiple CEMS each CEM is assigned a number an IP address WGSP 2137 Inter CEM flexibility request Scenario Primary Triggering Pre Condition Post Name Actor Event Condition Inter CEM CEM_1 is CEM_1 is configured to request flexibility CEM _ xyz is flexibility made aware that request aware of a CEM_1 is configured for inter CEM flexibility has flexibility communication been assigned need The potential flexible load does not fall into a constraint set by the end user Typical steps Name of Description Service Information Information Information Process of Process Producer Receiver Activity Activity Actor Actor Exchanged se
81. nummer type s string gt https app bundesnetzagentur de WsVersorgUnterbrStrom WsVersUnterbrechungenStrom asmx WSDL 51 1011 1012 1013 1014 1015 1016 1017 1018 1019 1020 1021 1022 1023 1024 1025 1026 1027 1028 1029 1030 1031 1032 1033 1034 1035 1036 1037 caen ETSI S Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC Q 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids a JF Ea a Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K N BNetzA provides definitions for SOAP messages of each Protocol Mapping communication service e g MMS Web Services f l Following excerpt is provided as example SOAP 1 2 The followi d response The placeholders shown need to be replaced wth actual values Figure 25 SGAM Analysis on the detailed level In summary this section outlines a SGAM analysis from a use case concept to a detailed description on all layers It shows how different use case descriptions provide information for the SGAM layers with different level of abstraction The SGAM analysis pattern depicted in Figure 3 can be used as guideline to derive high quality descriptions of use cases providing information on all interoperability layers of the SGAM framework 9 Further example use cases to test the SGAM 9 1 Overview The following use case which had been considered in the Sustainable Processes workgroup and was already in the use ca
82. o the SGAM Smart Grid Plane plus involved market roles is depicted in Figure 20 WGSP 0600 Use description provides following information Roles amp TAR as DSO Se econ ae UC usiness Responsibilities No clear definition of responsibilities of roles e g e g energy supplier if when to share monitoring data with DSO Template S Short Use case describes several ways how monitoring Fields Functional pa e information of the distribution grid can be collected re ieee ais from 2nd substation feeders AMI CEMS aan Domains zones according ae electrical signals power quality data voltage power SGAM Information classification flow protection e Narrative e g measurement price signal surveillance of substation breaking in temperature short complete Data from DERs customers and meters Actors roles Abstract e Diagrams Communication classification Connectivity no further details provided optional e g real time non real time System of systems Component H esau Pato oko Sensors amp actors at lower voltage levels Figure 19 Mapping of the use case Monitoring of the distribution grid To reach the next level of detail primary use cases needs to be defined Primary use cases e Monitoring inside the distribution grid e Monitoring of DERs by the DSO 42 can ETSI N Smart Grid Coordination Group pt CENELEC ETE 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids a Jf Methodolo
83. on the interaction between components of the DSO and the regulator 49 p CENELEC SIC Smart Grid Coordination Group Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Market Market of regulatory body M Web client Enterprise Enterprise M Database Database s vo Operation s Operation Data acuiton P n P oess conta Communication Front End coneenraton_ Station Station Substation Automation Controller Substation Automation Controller Field 7 Field IED RTU IED RTU Process Process Generation Transmission Distribution DER Generation Transmission Distribution DER Customer 5 E Le Market Mark wel iver Web Server yia of regu ry body of regulatory body 8 amp 3 s el amp Web client Enterprise y Web client Enterprise eS Database Database h j ai Operation Operation Bh y ommunication Front End Communication Front End Station Station Substation Automation Controller mf Substation Automation Controller Field Field IED RTU t IED RTU Process Process Generation Transmission Distribution DER g Communication Layer Generation Transmission Distribution DER h Component Layer Customer 1005 Figure 24 SGAM Analysis Monitoring system interruptions and report to regulator 1006 1007 50 can ETSI E N Smart Grid Coordination Group pt CENELEC ETSI C 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smar
84. ontrol system integration IEC 62264 1 2003 This model was also applied to power system management This is described in IEC 62357 Reference architecture for object models services IEC TR 62357 2003 IEC TR 62357 1 2012 The concept of aggregation considers multiple aspects in power system management Data aggregation data from the field zone is usually aggregated or concentrated in the station zone in order to reduce the amount of data to be communicated and processed in the operation zone Spatial aggregation from distinct location to wider area e g HV MV power system equipment is usually arranged in bays with several bays forming a substation multiple DER form a plant station and DER meters in customer premises are aggregated by concentrators for a neighborhood In addition to aggregation the partitioning in zones follows the concept of functional separation Different functions are assigned to specific zones The reason for this assignment is typically the specific nature of functions but also reflects user philosophies Real time functions are typically in the field and station zones protection phasor measurement automation Functions that cover an area multiple substations or plants or city districts are usually located in the operation zone e g wide area monitoring generation scheduling load management balancing area power system supervision and control meter data management The SGAM zones are
85. pe s int gt lt s element minOccurs 1 maxOccurs 1 name leermeldungBT type s boolean gt lt s element minOccurs 1 maxOccurs 1 name paketeGesamtBT type s int gt lt s element minOccurs 1 maxOccurs 1 name anzahlUntGesamtBT type s int gt lt s element minOccurs 1 maxOccurs 1 name anzahlUntinPaketBT type s int gt lt s element minOccurs 1 maxOccurs 1 name tranArtBT type tns TransBeginnAnEnum gt lt s sequence gt lt s complexType gt lt s element gt lt s simpleType name TransBeginnAnEnum gt lt s restriction base s string gt lt s enumeration value EchtDaten gt lt s enumeration value Test Verweigert gt lt s enumeration value TestGesperrt gt lt s enumeration value TestAusserBetrieb gt lt s enumeration value TestAkzeptiert gt lt s enumeration value TestNichtAkzeptiert gt lt s enumeration value TestF ehler gt lt s restriction gt lt s simpleType gt lt s element name BeginnTransaktionResponse gt lt s complexType gt lt sisequence gt lt s element minOccurs 0 maxOccurs 1 name BeginnTransaktionResult type tns BeginnTranAntwort gt lt s sequence gt lt s complexType gt lt s element gt lt s complexType name BeginnTranAntwort gt lt s complexContent mixed false gt lt s extension base tns TranAntwort gt lt s sequence gt lt s element minOccurs 0 maxOccurs 1 name Transaktions
86. plications SG CG M490 K Figure 22 SGAM analysis for Monitoring inside the distribution grid cccececcceeeeceeeeceeeeeeeeeaeesaeeeseeeesaees 45 Figure 23 SGAM Analysis of Role based Access COmntrol cccccccccseeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeseueesseeeesseeeesaeeeesees 46 Figure 24 SGAM Analysis Monitoring system interruptions and report to regulator ccccecceeeeeeeeeeeeees 50 Figure 25 SGAM Analysis on the detailed level ccc cccccecccceecceeeeeaeeeeeeeeceeeeseeeeseeseeeseeeeseueeseeesseeesaeeessees 52 Figure 26 SGAM Analysis Generic functional description c cece eececeececeeeeceeeeaeeeseeeseseeseeeeseeesaeeeseneesaees 53 FOUG F a AN eae E E E E A EE E E EE A EE TE EEA E EET 53 List of tables Table T SGAM dOMaiNS sepse einari aena A AEA AE EEEE ENO AE ERARE EOR 12 Table 2 SGAM ZONOS wa ss cininadcaenoasrsdaisietcuscenitesatn a EE 13 Tabes SGAM VE en E a ee eee eee 14 Table 4 Types Of use CASES ccccccccecceecceeeceseceneceneceeesaeceuecsaeeseesaeecaeecaeetaeetaeeteeeteeesaueteeecsuecseetsueesuessueesaeesaes 20 Table 5 Use cas checklist es settee itera intel cre ia acc ictorn nud aed ni diecom entree dente idoorecrneen naeinsitadien aesenaemdntites 26 Table 6 Advantages Of a USE CASE repository 0 0 0 cece ceeccceeccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeseeeeseeeseeeeseueeseueeseeeseeeeseueesaeeeaeeeaes 28 Table 7 Smart Grids list of the MAIN SYSTEMS cccccccse
87. r quality monitoring and load control Advanced systems may integrate the metering infrastructure with distribution automation Smart Meter is a generic term for electronic meters with a communication link Metering related back office Please refer to the system description in the system SG CG G SG CG M490 G_Smart Grid Set of standards Demand Response Load Please refer to the system description in the management system SG CG G SG CG M490 G_Smart Grid Set of standards Smart homes and buildings Smart Homes are houses which are systems equipped with a home automation system that automates and enhances living A home automation system interconnects a variety of control products for lighting shutters and blinds HVAC appliances and other devices with a common network infrastructure to enable energy efficient economical and reliable operation of homes with increased comfort Building Automation and Control System BACS is the brain of the building BACS includes the instrumentation control and management technology for all building structures plant outdoor facilities and other equipment capable of automation BACS consists of all the products and services required for automatic control including logic functions controls monitoring optimization 31 can ETSI Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC C J Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids a Jf Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Domain or
88. r the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Jf XK Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K 6 The SGAM and use cases 6 1 Overview The SGAM analysis patterns can also support the writing of use case descriptions by providing sufficient information needed for a SGAM analysis at the chosen level of detail For example on the business layer we can start with a use case concept e g the concept of demand and generation flexibility for technical and commercial operations as described in SG CG E This concept can be augmented by identifying the roles and their responsibilities on the business layer e g customer supplier and aggregator Based on a high level use case the system of systems involved e g distribution system marketplaces and smart buildings can also be defined on the component layer Additionally abstract classifications on the information layer e g price signals incentives control signals and measurements and communication layer e g real time or non real time requirements are possible However to derive the next level of detail we need further information from the use case description For example for the business layer the use case should also outline the business models including policies and regulations for the roles involved Subsequently the business services and processes can be specified based on a step by step analysis The other layers from function to component provide more a technical view of sys
89. rability between different components It is expected that all enhancements are installed on the entities involved to facilitate interoperability The information layer requires RBAC credential specification and also mapping of entities to roles As stated IEC 62351 8 provides predefined roles and associated rights Nevertheless these role definitions and rights associations can be enhanced according to deployment needs On the communication layer roles are transmitted bound to credentials within IEC protocols IEC 62351 6 defines the structure of the RBAC token and also guidance how to transmit this token as part of utilized protocols One example is the application of X 509 attribute certificates bound to X 509 Public Key certificates The communication layer in this example includes the following protocols e IEC 61850 protected through IEC 62351 3 4 Here TLS is used to protect the communication on transport layer Within TLS X 509 certificates are used to support mutual authentication The X 509 certificates may be enhanced directly with role information allowing for RBAC Alternatively an attribute certificate can be bound to the X 509 ID certificate to enable a short term binding e SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol over HTTPS Engineering using web services transported over HTTPS which is protected by TLS Here again X 509 certificates may be used for mutual authentication and thus also allow for realizing RBAC based on mechanisms descr
90. responding network type can support the interface with the tangent zone ee ee i e H Backbone network mm Market e G Intra centre integration bus Backbone T e L Operation Bachhaul Network F 4 D SPm e C AMI Backhaul Network a ETE e E Intra substation integration i bus Backhaul _ Ff u Ny hz e D Low end intra substation on i D integration bus neighbor A oea hood 7 P AT Sooo EN e F Inter substation Networks ou Integration 1 e B Neighborhood Networks u aS S e A Subscriber Access Network M Industrial process EE o O Oooo O integration bus Generation Distribution DER UET a7 premises e N Home amp Building integration bus Figure 16 Mapping of communication networks on SGAM Note 1 These areas are a mapping example and cannot be normative to all business models Note 2 It is assumed that sub networks depicted in the above figure are interconnected where needed to provide end to end connectivity to applications they support VPNs Gateways and firewalls could provide means to ensure network security or virtualization 7 3 4 Data modelling with the SGAM Because of the increasing need of many Smart Grid stakeholders to deploy solutions offering a semantic level of interoperability data modeling appears as the cornerstone and foundation of the Smart grid framework In addition data modeling seems much more stable than communication technologies which makes this
91. rmonization of use cases Voting Validation of use cases Different templates Analysis of use cases Link to other use cases Considering the different iterative working steps from draft via discussion to a validated use case there is a need for a tool support e g the tracking of changes or contributing authors discussions etc The latest use cases and related data should always be available in the database As previously noted the use cases should enable an exchange of basic ideas across the different sectors and stakeholders of the industry different TC s or even different organization Such an exchange needs a collaborative platform which increases the transparency of the design and the common development of new systems It will be easier to find an appropriate use case Duplication of use cases can be minimized by using a repository for the whole community Therefore transparency Is increased when use cases related discussions and the development process are visible for the community The repository provides pre defined content for some fields like actors or domain zones This will be useful for the use case author but also aligns different use cases with each other as they use the same terms Validated use cases are fundamental enabling the evolution of new standards in the different TCs The repository supports the process of validation The complete template is complex and designed for a detailed analy
92. se e g standards legislation regulation grid codes Step by step analysis for detailed use case description Information exchanged Requirements Threat amp risk analysis Is it clear what information is being passed in each step gt Column specifies SGAM information layer Is there a relation with a standard data model Does the step by step analysis specify the applicable requirements configuration QoS data management privacy security etc For example Quality of Service QoS requirements for the SGAM communication layer The selection of security and privacy requirements should be based on a threat and risk analysis The SGIS concept security and EG2 DPIA template privacy offer a mechanism to perform this selection Resulting requirements can be linked in the template to information objects or to the step by step analysis 2 660 661 662 663 664 p ceee TIC Smart Grid Coordination Group Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K 6 5 Use case repository Although it is possible to describe use cases in a word processing format establishing a use case repository will provide many advantages for a standardization organization when the methodology is introduced on a broader scale Table 6 Advantages of a use case repository Advantages Description Administration Collaborative platform Search functions Transparency Ha
93. se case supports a wide range of other use cases For the short and general descriptions of the Monitoring use case it was not necessarily required to define how the monitoring data is used This allows us to consolidate a set of monitoring use cases into a single harmonized description However to derive a primary use case description providing all information on all levels of details as depicted in Cockburn we have to define the goal of the use case precisely Hence we outline in this section a specialized use case that monitors system interruptions in the distribution grid and reports them to the regulator The use case was chosen because measures for reliability are reported for many years in various countries Thus the required information for the use case description is based on existing sources and not derived completely new Regulatory rules differ from country to country including also the guidelines for reporting system interruptions In the following we focus on the regulations in Germany without any intention beyond demonstrating the SGAM methodology As defined in Germany in the law of energy industry EnWG 52 system operators including DSOs have the obligation to report system interruptions on a yearly basis to the German Federal Network Agency Bundesnetzagentur BNetzA Furthermore the German Federal Network Agency has the right to specify formal guidelines for reporting 12 Business View ee N BNetzA has the
94. se is a UC which is already describing specific case technologies like a specific protocol e g FLIR with a protocol defined by IEC 61850 or flexibility use cases within a house using one or more home automation standards Generic use case Use cases will be called generic when their description is broadly accepted in GUC standardization and not project or technology specific They should address the various possible approaches and answer the request for use case harmonization which means that duplicate use cases should be avoided The GUC can be used for further work inside standardization e g mapping to architecture development of standards or test use cases GUC might be described on a high or more detailed level implying different systems design scope Individual use In real projects a company might subsequently combine generic use cases case developing them further and including their own individual company specific use cases that belong to its knowledge base and its business cases Test use cases Test use cases are developed based on the use cases in order to test interoperability functions and processes 6 2 2 Relation of use case design scope to SGAM analysis pattern We introduced in the previous sections the SGAM analysis pattern and a classification for the use case design scope Figure 7 shows how most of the concepts can roughly relate to each other 4 Depending on the level of detail and purpose of the use case
95. se repository has been identified and is proposed as suitable for this purpose It relates to the internal automation function of the customer role for optimizations according to the preferences of the customer based on signals from outside and internal flexibilities In this example a demand response approach uses variable tariffs to motivate the customer to shift consumption in a different time horizon i e load shifting On customer side the signals are automatically evaluated according to preset customer preferences like cost optimization or CO2 savings and appropriate functions of one or more connected devices are initiated 9 2 High level use case WGSP 2135 Inter CEMS energy trading Co ordination of distributed generation and loads at neighborhood level based upon peer to peer communication between several Central Energy Management Systems and brokerage within a multi agent system Within this high level use case two primary use cases can be identified The first primary use case WGSP 2136 describes how flexibility is offered to other neighborhood CEMSs An example of such a scenario would be peer to peer co ordination of local energy trading involving extra PV energy not used in house that can be stored or used by other homes in the neighborhood The second primary use case WGSP 2137 describes how flexibility is requested from other neighborhood CEMSs An example of such a scenario would be peer to peer co ordination for
96. sis Especially at the start a use case repository provides easier short templates Without rewriting these short templates they can be extended in a repository Further fields and cells can be added according to the needs of the users and the phase of the design process some fields of the use case template and some features of the use case repository support the analysis of use cases filter functions e g according to a specific actor specific reports out of the database gathering information from various use cases e g the information exchanged between different actors in order to defined the message load or common requirements Additionally use cases can be sorted according to the classification fields prioritisation maturity etc Another advantage of the use case repository is identification of gaps in the existing use case library when addressing new requirements during the analysis of use cases in order to provide a complete but coherent set of use cases In a repository it is easier to link the use case to other use cases and to administrate report these links use case networks clusters interrelations 28 665 666 667 668 669 670 671 672 673 674 675 676 677 678 679 680 681 682 683 684 685 686 687 688 689 690 691 692 can ETSI S Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Jf XK Methodology amp New Applications SG CG
97. sis usiomer Figure 22 SGAM analysis for Monitoring inside the distribution grid 8 5 Example 1 1 1 Detailing the secondary use case Access Control Access control as depicted as secondary use case in Figure 22 is often required for the operation of critical infrastructures This is being requested by regulation and also by standards and guidelines addressing Smart Grid as mentioned in the business use case description in Section 8 3 Example 1 1 Monitoring inside the distribution grid Business Use Case In the following SGAM is used to identify the detailed requirements to support Role Based Access Control RBAC by mapping a technical solution to the SGAM function information communication and component layers 45 Smart Grid Coordination Group Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Market Market Enterprise Enterprise Control Center OS Operation tion Operation PKI Server CA Revocatio Station Fa A Station a ation mati er Ki SA a i F Pr Field Field Process Process Generation Transmission Distribution DER Customer Generation Transmission Distribution DER Customer a Function Layer b Information Layer rc Market Market Enterprise Enterprise Z Operation Controt Center Bs D Operation PKI Server CA S t o viter oy a o PKI Se amp CA Reva
98. t Grids a J i Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K 1008 According to Figure 3 SGAM Analysis Pattern the function information and communication layer can be 1009 further detailed to specify flow charts the information syntax and the communication protocols respectively 1010 The following provides an example for the lowest level of detail Flow charts e g CFC 13 BNetzA defines flow charts for reporting system interruptions Following excerpt is provided as example Ja a d o J BNetzA uses WSDL to provide the service description for reporting system interruptions with web services which is available online 13 Following excerpt is provided as example lt wsdl definitions targetNamespace https app bundesnetzagentur de Ws VersorgUnterbrStrom gt lt wsdl documentation gt Version 2 0 1 3 vom 15 09 2009 lt wsdl documentation gt lt wsdl types gt lt s schema elementFormDefault qualified targetNamespace https app bundesnetzagentur de Ws VersorgUnterbrStrom gt lt s element name BeginnTransaktion gt lt s complexType gt lt s sequence gt lt s element minOccurs 1 maxOccurs 1 name betriebsNummerBT type s int gt lt s element minOccurs 0 maxOccurs 1 name kontrolINummerBT type s string gt lt s element minOccurs 1 maxOccurs 1 name netznummerBT type s int gt lt s element minOccurs 1 maxOccurs 1 name berichtsJahrBT ty
99. tem use cases The use case concept can be detailed on the function layer by defining function groups functions and their internal behavior e g as flow charts Similarly on the information and communication layer we can derive further details by identifying the information amp communication flows between the function groups and provide references to standards that could be applied see SG CG B for examples This gives a first indication which standards are relevant for the particular use case and which experts need to be involved in the detailed analysis of the use case In the next step the experts define the information objects exchanged on the information layer and the communication services required on the communication layer By identifying these details for the use case under discussion we derive profiles for the information and communication layers for the particular use case Subsequently by harmonizing the results from several use case descriptions we can derive more complete profile descriptions This detailing is followed by the definition of the information syntax and the mapping on protocols for the information and communication layers respectively On the component layer we can identify the systems involved and in the following step of detailing the devices also The SGAM framework and the analysis pattern presented are not only valid for standardization activities but can be used in general as a methodology for Smart Grid projects Hen
100. tion should provide enough information in these fields to describe the relevant level of abstraction for the SGAM layer s Additional fields for the management of the use case apply to all three templates and are added at the bottom of the figure 22 can ETSI N Smart Grid Coordination Group pi CENELEC ETE 7 Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids Jf fe Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Detailed Business Case e g return on investment Business f Function Information Use Case Concept Use Case System use case Technical device system Communication Products e g VENDOR X Differential Protection Relay Concept Hoh Level of Abstraction Low gt Imp Product e g VENDOR X Differential Fields aide Protection Relay All fields of the bopi short template All fields of the general template e Step by step analysis Relation to Higher Level Use Case Information exchanged Component Name Domains zones according SGAM e Narrative short complete Viewpoint e Requirements Actors roles Objective Diagrams optional Scope 613 614 Figure 8 Relation of use case templates with SGAM analysis pattern 615 The short template can be used to document use case concepts Most of the information is provided in the 616 narrative of the use case supported by diagrams Actors and roles can be extracted from
101. unication networks and systems for power utility automation 2010 Communication networks and systems for power utility automation Part 7 4 Basic communication structure Compatible logical node classes and data classes Communication networks and systems for power utility automation Part 7 410 Basic communication structure Hydroelectric power plants Communication for monitoring and control Communication networks and systems for power utility automation Part 7 420 Basic communication structure Distributed energy resources logical nodes Communication networks and systems for power utility automation Part 8 1 Specific communication service mapping SCSM Mappings to MMS ISO 9506 1 and ISO 9506 2 and to ISO IEC 8802 3 Part 8 2 Web service mapping Part 90 IEC 61850 10 Object models for schedules Part 90 11 Methodologies for modeling of logics for IEC 61850 based applications Part 90 15 Hierarchical DER system model part 90 2 Using IEC 61850 for SS CC communication 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 226 22 228 229 230 231 232 233 234 235 236 237 238 239 240 241 242 243 244 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 IEC 61850 90 7 IEC 61850 90 9 IEC 61968 IEC 61968 100 IEC 61970 IEC 62056 IEC 62264 2003 IEC 62264 1 IEC 62351 3 IEC 62351 4 IEC 62351 6 IEC 62351
102. uring Messaging Specification MV Medium Voltage NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology NNAP Network Access Point OCSP Online Certificate Status Protocol OMS Outage Management System OpEx Operation Expenses OSI Open Systems Interconnect PAS Publicly Available Specification PKI Public Key Infrastructure PUC Primary Use Case QoS Quality of Service RBAC Role Based Access Conrol RDF Resource Description Framework RTU Remote Terminal Unit PV Photovoltaic SAIDI System Average Interruption Duration Index SAIFI System Average Interruption Frequency Index SCADA Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SGAM Smart Grid Architecture Model SG CG Smart Grid Coordination Group SG CG Meth SG CG Methodology and New Applications Working Group SG CG SP SG CG Sustainable Process Working Group in phase 1 SGIS Smart Grid Information Security SIP Session Initiation Protocol SOAP Simple Object Access Protocol SP Sustainable Processes SSH Secure Shell TC Technical Committee TCP Transmission Control Protocol TLS Transport Layer Security TOGAF The Open Group Architecture Framework UC Use Case UDP User Datagram Protocol UML Unified Modeling Language VAr Unit of reactive power VPN Virtual Private Network VPP Virtual Power Plant WAMS Wide Area Monitoring protection and control Systems WAN Wide Area Network WG Working Groups XML Extensible Markup Language 5 SGAM Smart Grids Architecture Model description 5
103. with previous work The work also shows the desirability of ready access to the detailed mapping tools used in presentation of the SGAM as illustrated in Appendix A of the current document 55 1110 1111 1112 1113 1114 1115 1116 1117 1118 1119 1120 1121 1122 1123 1124 1125 1126 1127 1128 1129 1130 1131 1132 1133 can ETSI Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC CO Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids I Jf Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K Appendix A Use case descriptions and mapping to SGAM A 1Introduction into the Appendix This appendix sets out the detailed mapping of two use cases as examples originally considered in the Sustainable Processes workgroup and appearing in the use case repository They relate to the internal automation function of the customer role for optimizations according to the preferences of the customer based on signals from outside and internal flexibilities The use cases are included here to illustrate how the methodology in this report can be applied to novel use cases considering the analysis of each use case their detailed mapping to the SGAM at the component communication and information layers A 2 Primary use case WGSP 2136 A2 1 Description To illustrate the first primary use case WGSP 2136 the agent of the PV house may offer its energy as a proposal while the broker agents of the other homes evaluate the proposal knowing the
104. y including security A further refinement of the methodology will be used for the set of consistent standards SG CG G under item 3 1 and 3 2 of M 490 The work is based on SG CG C and SG CG E A set of documents addresses this objective e The main report which is a summary of different tools elements and methodologies developed by the different working groups of the Smart Grid Coordination Group SG CG F and additional separate reports detailing specific issues addressed by the working group Methodology and New Applications e The conceptual model and its relation to market models for Smart Grids SG CG J e SGAM User Manual Applying testing amp refining the Concepts Elements and Tools for the Smart Grid Architecture Model SGAM SG CG K this document e An overview of the main concepts of flexibility management SG CG L For this report One of the key objectives of phase 2 of the mandate was to demonstrate the application of the SGAM methodology developed in phase 1 validating it by reference to use cases systems and communications and testing it by consideration of new use cases In this way the SGAM can be seen to represent the foundations for managing the continuous engineering and deployment of standards for all generic use cases explicitly including security and helping to ensure real end to end interoperability 32 33 34 35 36 3 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53
105. ypically located at process and field level protection and tele control devices network infrastructure wired wireless communication connections Each layer covers the whole smart grid plane which is spanned by electrical domains and information management zones 14 453 454 455 456 457 458 459 460 461 462 463 464 465 466 467 468 469 470 471 472 473 474 475 476 can ETSI y Smart Grid Coordination Group CENELEC ETs C_ Document for the M 490 Mandate Smart Grids a Jf Methodology amp New Applications SG CG M490 K 5 4 SGAM framework The SGAM framework is established by merging the concept of the interoperability layers with the previous introduced smart grid plane This merging results in a model that spans three dimensions e SGAM domains e Zones e Interoperability layers The complete three dimensional representation of SGAM is depicted in Figure 2 Business Objectives Polit Regulat Framework Interoperability information Layer Layers Communication Layer Market Enterprise Generation RO Rg Distribution a 4 DER Domains Customer Premises Figure 2 SGAM Smart Grid Architecture Model Using the SGAM Smart Grid use cases can be visualized and detailed and mapped to the layers of the model to test if a use case is supported by existing standards or to identify gaps in standardization A use case analysis with the SGAM is based on the use

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