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ParaView User's Guide (Version 1.6)

1. polyEx vtk usa vtk deltabin xyz pressure vtk velocity vtk density vtk RectGrid2 vtk vtk vtk File name Open Unix and Linux Windows XP Figure 9 File Open Dialogs 08 ParaView User s Guide Initially the file selection dialog shows all files with extensions that ParaView recognizes You can limit the display to files of certain type by selecting a different filter using the Files of type menu See section 2 2 Supported Data Formats for more information on file formats supported by ParaView Parameters Navigate to the folder in which the tutorial data files Mame XMLStructuredGridReaderO are located The tutorial data files are available In the XU En Download section of the ParaView web site Next Label lbluntfin vts ose select bluntfin vts and click Open If the file is not listed make sure that the tutorial data files have been Flerane efpesPosresorctir ie mei downloaded and extracted and that the file selection gt a dialog is showing all ParaView file types by selecting IV Density ParaView Files in the Files of type menu The Left V Momentum Panel should now look similar to the image shown on V StagnationEnergy the left Up to this point ParaView read information Am about the contents of the data file but did not actually tm me read any data This allows the user to change certain properties of the reader before the file is
2. batch b Load and run the batch script specified stereo Tell the application to enable stereo rendering single process only use offscreen rendering os Render offscreen on satellite processes On Unix this options works only with software rendering or mangled mesa render module Use specified rendering module render module help Displays available command line arguments 1 5 2 Client Server client c Start ParaView in client mode single process client render server crs Start ParaView in client mode single process to connect to a server and a render server server v Start ParaView in server mode single or multi process render server rs Start ParaView in render server mode single or multi process machines m Specify the network configuration file for the render server host Tell the client where to look for the server default host localhost Use this option with client option or server rc option user Tell the client what username to send to server when establishing SSH connection Only necessary to start the server remotely port Specify the port client and server will use default port 11111 Client and server ports must match render port Specify the port client and render server will use default render port 22221 Client and render server ports must match render node port Specify the port to be used by each render node re
3. The Wavelet source has the following parameters Extent These six values indicate the X Y and Z extent of the output data The first two values represent the minimum and maximum X indices the next two are the minimum and maximum Y indices the last two are the minimum and maximum Z indices By default each axis ranges from 10 to 10 Center This coordinate represents the center of the output data By default this is 0 0 0 Maximum This is a scale on the output The default is 255 X Freq This is the XF value from the equation above The default value is 60 Y Freq This is the YF value from the equation above The default value is 30 Z Freq This is the ZF value from the equation above The default value is 40 X Mag This is the XM value from the equation above The default value is 10 Y Mag This is the YM value from the equation above The default value is 18 Z Mag This is the ZM value from the equation above The default value is 5 Standard Dev The standard deviation is used in the generation of the Gaussian value The default value is 0 5 4 Filters 4 1 Overview The Filter menu in the ParaView Menu Bar contains a list of filters that can be applied to the active data object In addition a subset of these filters is available from the toolbar The list of filters available in the Filter menu and the set of filters that are active on the Toolbar will change depending on the type of the currently active data obje
4. relax the mesh making the cells better shaped and the vertices more evenly distributed Note that this filter operates on the lines polygons and triangle strips composing an instance of vtkPolyData Vertex or poly vertex cells are never modified The algorithm proceeds as follows For each vertex v a topological and geometric analysis is performed to determine which vertices are connected to v and which cells are connected to v Then a connectivity array is constructed for each vertex The connectivity array is a list of lists of vertices that directly attach to each vertex Next an iteration phase begins over all vertices For each vertex v the coordinates of v are modified according to an average of the connected vertices A relaxation factor is 36 ParaView User s Guide available to control the amount of displacement of v The process repeats for each vertex This pass over the list of vertices is a single iteration Many iterations generally around 20 or so are repeated until the desired result is obtained 4 33Stream Tracer The Stream Tracer filter will generate stream traces from a set of seed points The seed points can be generated as random points within a sphere or evenly spaced points along a line The center of the sphere and the end points of the line can be specified interactively The input data object must have a vector field in order for this filter to work The Stream Trace filter can be accessed through the Tool
5. associated with the display of this data allowing you to change position orientation color modes and other display attributes ParaView User s Guide Paramel ters Display Information Parameters Display Information Paramel ters Display Information Name Spherel View X Statistics Xx Class vtkSphereSource IV Data Set View to Data Type Polygonal Label 5phere1 Iu bs Number of cells 96 Description 3D sphere given a center and radius Number of points 50 Cube Axes Memory 0 004 MBytes Label Point Ids r Bounds Color X x range 0 487 to 0 487 delta 0 975 Color by Property Y range 0 487 to 0 487 delta 0 975 Mai scalers Beker Galen Z range 0 500 to 0 500 delta 1 000 Interpolate Colors Display Style x Representation Surface Parameters page Display page Information page Figure 2 Module Property Sheet 1 4 3 Change to wireframe The image you see in the Display Area should be similar to the one shown below on the left We will now change the sphere from a solid representation to a wireframe representation to more easily see the underlying polygons To do this click the Display tab on the property sheet shown in the Left Panel for the sphere In the Display Style area change the Representation from Surface to Wireframe of Surface The image should now appear similar to the one shown below o
6. for image data only or an Xdmf data file if ParaView was compiled with Xdmf support 10 3ParaView Session Files selecting the Save Session State or Save Session Trace options from the File menu will save the state of the system either as it is at the moment of saving Save Session State or as a history of operations performed since ParaView was started Save Session Trace Reloading either of these will return ParaView to the state when the file was saved but if sources or filters were both added and deleted loading the trace file will 55 take longer because these add and delete operations were recorded than loading a corresponding state file 10 4Supported Image Formats If you select the Save View Image from the file list you will be able to save the current image in the Display Area Supported image file formats are Windows Bitmap bmp JPEG jpg PNG png binary PPM ppm and TIFF tif 11 Copy and Print 11 10Overview Depending on which plattorm you are using ParaView may include a copy image operation and printing functionality The copy image option is supported only on the Windows platform Printing is fully supported on Windows On Linux Unix the print functionality will generate a postscript file that you must send to your printer 11 21mage Copy To copy the current image in the Display Area select the Copy View Image option from the Edit menu on the main Menu Bar You can now past this imag
7. na bolt slc bore vtk Li botz vrl bpa mol brainImageSmooth vtk brainUnsmoothed Ek Li cadPart stl carotid Ek E chair slc Figure 6 Open ParaView File dialog combxyz bi cylFlow vtk DEC vtk dualcell vtk dualgrid tl dualpoint v Me earth ppm le Faults Ek Fieldfile stk El financial txl le Financial vtl ES Finematian le Fahe g gt Cancel ParaView User s Guide 2 2 Supported Data Formats By default ParaView supports the following file types ParaView Files This is the default file format for ParaView The data object created by this reader may be of any type supported by ParaView polygonal image rectilinear structured grid or unstructured The file extension is pvd This format supports spatially partitioned as well as multi block data VTK Files XML based file format used by VTK The data object created by this reader may be of any type supported by ParaView polygonal image rectilinear structured grid or unstructured The file extensions are vtp for polygonal data vti for image data Mtr for rectilinear grids vts for structured grids and vtu for unstructured data Parallel partitioned VTK Files XML based file format used by VIK The parallel VIK files contain information about the spatial distribution of data and may point to multiple VTK files The data object created by this reader may be of any type supported by P
8. representation to wireframe In the example image shown above the representation was changed to wireframe and the background color was changed to white to improve the clarity of the image 3 5 Box The Box source can be used to add a box to the 3D scene The center of the box and the X Y and Z lengths of the box can be changed using the property sheet The box can be translated rotated and scaled using the Actor control area of the Display tab for this source and it can be interactively positioned using the Move operation of the camera The object created by this source is a vtkCubeSource object and the output of this source is vtkPolyData The output polydata has both normals and texture coordinates defined An example of a box source is given on the right The Box source has the following parameters X Length This value specifies the length of the box along the X axis By default the X length of the box is 1 21 Y Length This value specifies the length of the box along the Y axis By default the Y length of the box is 1 Z Length This value specifies the length of the box along the Z axis By default the Z length of the box is 1 Center The three values represent the coordinate at the center of the box By default the box is centered at 0 0 0 3 6 Cone The Cone source can be used to add a polygonal cone to the 3D scene The radius and height of the cone the resolution of the polygonal approximation and
9. 12 864 Cut Function x Plane x y 2 Center g 255 lo 29 763 Normal 0 lo n Set Plane Center to Center of Bounds visibility Delete i Delete ai Figure 22 Cut plane to be animated Next switch to the animation editor by selecting View Animation You will notice that the previous action is deleted Anytime a module is deleted ParaView looks for actions that use that module All matching actions are deleted Add a new action by selecting Cut plane as the source Cut Values as the parameter 5 as the Start Value and 5 as the End Value Make sure that Cache Geometry is turned on and press play in the VCR controls Next time you play the animation it should run much faster In fact the playback speed might be too high on a fast computer To add a delay between each frame you can use the Delay slider Move the Delay slider to 100 to add a 100 ms pause between each frame Next time you play the animation you will notice that it will run slower It is also possible to further control what happens during each frame by using the Script Editor It allows you to write a Tcl script that will be executed at every frame It is mainly for advanced users and will not be discussed in further detail here ParaView can save each frame as an image These images can later be collected to create an animation file such as AVI or MPEG using commonly available utilities To write out such images first prepa
10. Ue oU ta tut 50 8 1 GUAE 50 PME VIEW SENOS caida aia 50 9 9 OOOO e o e eee 51 9 4 Display Style uan n 53 5 5 ACA A o da 53 9 Dato mal Nr id 54 9 1 A II a AN 54 9 2 A tios 54 E o A a bons SA ROO SU 55 RAN 55 10 SA O E AREE LED SE 55 A 55 10 2 SUP DOME Data EM Ss 55 10 3 Para View Session Tes ese tatoo eco licotsoia 55 10 4 Supported Image Formats mracan 56 11 GODY Ad dd e 56 PE OVON W CREE 56 12 Mage CODY sitio 56 iut NE ario oiii 56 12 NA et cheseehct ects che etc ech ese ech er E EE ache ese ache es ee ache este ech cate echt E EE 56 ADDeHdX4 DICO Spanair 57 Table Of Contents APPENAIX B TUNA Sinn 58 Tutorial l Visualizing Streamlines Sussen es n n a n a 58 la ECad me Data rl A 58 2 AEXMACESUO NS atte 60 3 Create Streamlines ccoooccccccnconcncocnnconnnconnnocnnnnonnnnonnnnnnnnnonnnonnrnnonnnnnnnncnnnnconens 61 Lx Ada TUDOS o 62 D Save Ihe TUDES nana 63 Tutorial ll Animating ISOSUITACES cocccccncconccocnoconoconncnnnonanonanconnnonononanccnnnenanenos 64 te Eoad the Data File oreet Deo ede eie e e eese tieu Vetus Unete eee ms 64 PAE ola illo e o o 00 000099200020 49 24 66 3 gt CPE ISOS NACO titi 67 4 A 68 5 Delete the Contour and Clip FilterS occcccoccccccnnncccnnnonocnnonocnnonacononannnnnanos 69 6 Animate a CUE 70 1 Introduction 1 1 System Overview ParaView Is a turnkey application for visualizing two and three dimensional data It runs on computer pl
11. User s Guide 7 6 Corner Annotation Text annotation can be added to the four corners of the Display Area using the Corner Annotation area on the Corner Annotation x Display corner annotation Upper left Upper right Annotation tab of the 3D View Properties property sheet This property sheet is displayed when SD NEUTER View Properties is selected from the View menu on the main Menu Bar his area of the interface appears similar to the example shown on the neheie por T right Using these controls you can 15 Properties enter text for each of the four corners San O control properties of the text such as EB Arial color and font and toggle the visibility sve B 7 of the annotation Each of the Opacity 1 gt parameters is described in more detail below Display corner annotation When checked the corner annotation is visible Upper left Lower left Upper right Lower right These four text entry boxes can be used to add multi line text to the specified corner The text entered will automatically scale to fit the available space The longer the string and the more lines of text you specify the smaller the text size Max line height Set the maximum height of a line of text This value is a percentage of the total amount of vertical space allocated to this corner text The height may actually be smaller than this value if this is necessary to fit all of the text Color The first of the Text
12. and will tend to render every data object at full resolution Moving the slider to the left will lower the threshold and will give you better interactive performance by rendering lower resolution data LOD resolution When a lower resolution version of the data is created a 3D grid is used as part of a quadric clustering algorithm This slider controls the resolution of this grid Moving the slider to the left will lead to better approximations while moving the slider to the right will produce coarser approximations with better interactive performance Outline Threshold To allow for more interactive rendering rates unstructured grid data sets larger than a certain size are rendered as an axis aligned bounding box of the data set by default The representation can be changed to Surface on the Display tab of the property sheet for that data object The Outline Threshold slider determines how large specified in millions of cells an unstructured grid must be before it defaults to being drawn as an outline The default is 5 million cells Moving the slider to the left causes smaller data sets to be drawn as outlines moving it to the right allows the surface of larger data sets to be drawn by default but rendering the surface of large unstructured grids can lead to slower rendering times Allow rendering interrupts When checked the rendering process in the Display Area can be interrupted by a mouse click If you are rendering large data you may b
13. bounding box or across one of the faces of the data set s bounding box or a plane at X Center Y Center or Z Center where Center is the value specified in the Center entry box Since it converts data sets into unstructured grids it is not efficient for structured data sets 4 29 Ribbon The Ribbon filter can be used to create oriented ribbons from lines defined in polygonal data set The orientation of the ribbon is along the line segments and perpendicular to projected line normals Projected line normals are the original line normals projected to be perpendicular to the local line segment An offset angle can be specified to rotate the ribbon with respect to the normal 4 30 Rotational Extrusion The Rotational Extrusion filter is a modeling filter It takes polygonal data as input and generates polygonal data as output The input data set is swept around the z axis to create new polygonal primitives These primitives form a skirt or swept surface For example sweeping a line results in a cylindrical shell and sweeping a circle creates a torus 4 31 Shrink The Shrink filter shrinks each cell of an arbitrary data set toward its centroid The centroid of a cell is computed as the average position of the cell points Shrinking results in disconnecting the cells from one another The output of this filter is of type vtkUnstructuredGrid 4 32Smooth The Smooth filter adjusts point coordinates using Laplacian smoothing The effect is to
14. by loading data creating a source or applying a filter a property sheet is associated with that data object To view this property sheet select the data object from the list of objects in the Select menu on the main Menu Bar or select the item from the Selection Navigation Window This will cause the property sheet to be displayed in the Left Panel below the Selection Navigation Window The property sheet associated with the item has three tabs one marked Parameters that contains parameters for the reader source or filter that generated this data one marked Display which controls properties which affect the visualization of the data and one marked Information with general information about the data object This chapter is dedicated to the Information tab of this property sheet 9 2 Statistics The top region on the Information tab of the property sheet associated with a data object will provide basic statistics about that data object including the type of data the number of cells the number of points and the size in memory An example is shown on the right for polygonal vtkPolyData data Statistics x Type Polygonal Number of cells 96 Number of points 50 Memory 0 004 MBytes 94 9 3 Bounds Below the Statistics region on the Information tab of the property sheet associated with a data object is a region for displaying bounds An example is shown in the image on the right The ParaView User s Guide Bounds
15. from the Selection Navigation Window This will cause the property sheet to be displayed in the Left Panel below the Selection Navigation Window The property sheet associated with the item has three tabs one marked Parameters that contains parameters for the reader source or filter that generated this data one marked Display which controls properties which affect the visualization of the data and one marked Information with general information about the data object This chapter is dedicated to the Display tab of this property sheet 8 2 View Settings The top region on the Display tab of the property sheet associated with an item in ParaView contains the View settings 90 ParaView User s Guide View x iw Data Set View to Data Cube Axes Label Point Ids This region of the interface allows you to toggle the visibility of the data and other items associated with the data and to reset the camera to view this data object Each of these settings and operations is described in more detail below Data This check box can be used to toggle the visibility of the data This visibility can also be controlled using the eye icon in the Selection Window This check box and the eye icon are synchronized Scalar bar If the Color by option in the Color area is set to use a scalar or vector component for color then the Scalar bar option will be enabled in the View area allowing you to toggle the visibility of the scalar bar The
16. have associated user interfaces and can not be manipulated by the user Note that all processes must have access to a display This does not require the presence of a monitor As long as ParaView can open windows from all processes and read their contents it will function properly If multiple processes share the same display it is very likely that windows opened by these processes will overlap If this happens the contents of those windows can not be read by ParaView and the image on the main window the one with the user interface will be corrupt The same can happen if there are other windows which hide part or all of a satellite process window ParaView supports off screen rendering on satellite nodes See the previous section for a list of command line arguments to enable this feature 1 6 2 Client Server Mode In client server mode the processing of the data on the server is separated from the user interface on the client The server can be started as a single process or with multiple processes through MPI The server command line option must be used when 12 ParaView User s Guide starting the server The client runs in a single process and connects to the server The client command line option must be used when starting the client The server processes do not have user interfaces and the user cannot interact with them directly The server processes have the same display issues as mentioned in the previous section distrib
17. in manipulating clipping and cutting planes The plane can be moved parallel to its normal by clicking on any point on the plane except the line center and dragging The plane normal can be changed by manipulating one of the point widgets at each end of the normal vector Right clicking and dragging the plane will cause it to resize Upward motion increases the area of the plane downward motion decreases it 57 ophere Widget Used in clipping and cutting The sphere can be moved by left clicking on any point on the sphere and dragging The radius of the sphere is manipulated by right clicking on any point on the sphere and dragging Box Widget Used in clipping and transforming The box can be used to specify translation scale and orientation Each face of the box can be positioned by moving the handle sphere on that face Moving the handle at the center of the box causes the whole box to be moved This can also be achieved by holding the SHIFT key while interacting The box can be rotated by clicking and dragging with the left mouse button on a face not at the handle of the box Clicking and dragging inside the box with the right mouse button uniformly scales the box Appendix B Tutorials Tutorial l Visualizing Streamlines This example will introduce more basic concepts including loading data files interacting with 3D widgets and saving data files If you are not familiar with ParaView we recommend that you read
18. labeling The center is the parametric center of the cell not necessarily the geometric or bounding box center The cell attributes of the input data set will be associated with the output points 4 4 Cell Data to Point Data The Cell Data to Point Data filter transforms cell data i e data specified per cell into point data I e data specified at cell points The method of transformation is based on averaging the data values of all cells that use a particular point Optionally the input cell data can be passed through to the output as well 4 5 Clean The Clean filter takes polygonal data as input and generates polygonal data as output vtkCleanPolyData can merge duplicate points within a specified tolerance eliminate points that are not used and transform degenerate cells into appropriate forms For example a triangle is converted into a line if two points of the triangle are merged 4 6 Clip The Clip filter will clip a data set using a plane a sphere a box or scalars This will not decrease the dimensionality of the data object being clipped For example clipping a sphere with a plane may produce a hemisphere The Clip filter is available on the Toolbar 30 ParaView User s Guide 4 7 Connectivity The Connectivity filter extracts cells that share common points and or meet other connectivity criteria Cells that share vertices and meet other connectivity criteria such as scalar range are known as a region The filte
19. lines as described below Representation You can choose between a surface a wireframe an outline or a point representation of the data When a surface representation is selected primitives such as polygons and triangles are drawn as filled geometric primitives When wireframe mode is selected only the edges are drawn In outline mode only the bounding box of the data set is shown In point mode only the points defining the geometry are displayed If this data object is an unstructured grid a volume rendering option is also available from this menu Interpolation In Gouraud interpolation the normal will be interpolated over the face of a polygon for shading When flat shading is selected only one normal will be used per polygon leading to a more faceted appearance Objects that do not have point normals will be drawn with flat shading regardless of the setting of the pulldown Point size When displaying points either as part of the data object or due to a Representation of points the point size can be controlled with this slider Line width If lines are being drawn for the data object either because lines are a part of the data object or because the representation has been set to wireframe or outline this slider can be used to control the thickness of the lines 8 5 Actor Control The Actor Control region of the adm control x Display tab on the property sheet b n e D associated with a data object can be i of x H used to
20. lists generally increases performance but the initial creation of the display list can be slow on some platforms 7 4 LOD Parameters The controls for the levels of detail LOD Parameters x used to enable interactive 9 0 MBytes rendering of large data are LoD treshod E MN available in the LOD Parameters fairs L1 area of the General tab of the 3D JUxS0x3U View Properties property sheet LoD resolution gy For large data sets that may 5 0 MCells require several seconds to render outline Threshold LL LEE it is helpful to have a simplified iw Allow rendering interrupts version of the data that can be manipulated interactively while still using the full resolution data to generate an image once interaction is complete ParaView will automatically create the lower resolution representation of your data objects to ensure interactivity The LOD Parameters area appears similar to the example shown above Using these controls you can adjust the threshold at which an LOD model is created and the resolution of this LOD model In addition you can enable or disable rendering interrupts Each of these features is described below LOD threshold This slider can be used to control the threshold at which a lower resolution representation of your data Is created For data sets that are smaller than the 45 specified memory size the original data will always be used for rendering Moving the slider to the right will increase the threshold
21. now should appear something like the one shown above 1 4 7 Shrink the sphere We will now apply another filter to the sphere First make sure that Sphere1 is the highlighted item in the Selection Window so that the filter we add will be connected to it Now select the Shrink filter from the Filter menu On the property sheet change the Shrink Factor to 0 75 the default is 0 5 and press Accept You will notice that several things happen First a new item is added to the selection window called ShrinkO and it is now the currently selected item In the Display Area it appears that the polygons defining the sphere have each been shrunk to 7596 of their original size Actually the original sphere with full size polygons is still there it is just not visible now Note that the eye icon next to Sphere1 in the Selection Window is now light grey indicating that this item is invisible When the shrink filter was added a new data object was created based on the input data object the sphere This new object the output of the shrink filter is now visible and the original input is not visible Most filters do turn off the visibility of the input data object when they execute Two exceptions to this are the outline filters Outline and Outline Corners since it is assumed with these filters that the user wants to see both the original data and the filter output simultaneously In this example you have created a branching pipeline in ParaView You can
22. object created by this source is a vtkSphereSource object and the output of this source is vtkPolyData The output polydata has point normals defined An example of a sphere source is given on the right For this example the resolutions were changed to 200 the End Theta angle was set to 320 the End Phi angle was set to 120 and the sphere is colored by the Y component of the Point Normals The Sphere source has the following parameters Center This coordinate represents the center of the sphere By default this value is 0 0 0 Radius his is the radius of the sphere The default value is 0 5 Theta Resolution This number represents the number of division between start theta and end theta around the sphere Ihe theta divisions are similar to longitude lines on the earth Ihe higher the resolution the closer the approximation will come to a sphere and the more polygons there will be The default theta resolution is 8 Start Theta To form a complete sphere the start theta should be O and the end theta should be 360 The start theta can be adjusted to form only a portion of a sphere The default value is O End Theta The end theta can be adjusted to form only a portion of a sphere as shown in the example above The default end theta value is 360 Phi Resolution This number represents the number of division between start phi and end phi on the sphere The phi divisions are similar to latitude lines on the earth The default phi
23. of the domain You can remove part of the isosurface by using the clip filter First make sure the contour filter Animated Contour is selected Create a clip filter by either clicking on the Clip button on the toolbar or by selecting Filter Clip The default clipping surface is a plane The orientation and center of the plane can be modified by either interacting with the 3D widget in the Display Area or changing the values in the appropriate entry boxes See Appendix A 3D Widgets for the descriptions of the most common 3D widgets In this example the default parameters of the plane are good Click Accept You will notice that the clipped iso surface replaces the whole iso surface This is because when a clip filter is created the visibility of its input is automatically turned off by ParaView Change the label of the clip filter to Clipped Contour Next change the color mapping of the surface by selecting the Display tab and changing Color By to Point Momentum 3 To color by the first component of the Momentum vector click the Edit Color Map button and select Component from the menu in the Vector portion of the interface Click the Heset Range button at the top of the Color Map section to reset the color scale to the range of the X component of Momentum Click the Back button to return to the Display tab ParaView window should now look like this 67 f Kitware ParaView File Edit View Select Source Filter Window Help ACK OP BORO H
24. polygonal data and small unstructured grids as surfaces For more information on data types supported by ParaView see section 2 3 Data Types 2 Extract Sub grids Next we will extract two 2D sub grids from the structured grid using the extract filter Click on the Extract icon on toolbar to create the first filter In the VOI Volume of Interest section of the property sheet shown on the Left Panel set the minimum and the maximum values of to 18 by either typing in the entry box or using the sliders Click Accept The output should look like the image below M Kitware ParaView E nl x ACK OP ww s eee D bluntfin vts ExtractGridO Set the min and max to 18 ParaView 95 000000005 gt Figure 11 First sub grid Extract is a filter that either selects a portion of a structured grid dataset or sub samples it The selected portion is referred to as the Volume of Interest VOI The sampling rate is determined by the Sample Rate parameter Note that screen shot above was generated after changing the camera position by using the 3D interaction methods described in the previous tutorial To change the color mapping of the new plane select the Display page and choose Point Momentum 3 from the Color by menu Next we will extract the fin surface First make sure that the 3D structured grid is the active data Click on bluntfin vts in the Selection Window Now create an
25. properties buttons can be used to specify the color of the text Font The second Text properties button is used to determine the font family Style These three buttons control whether or not the text is bold italicized or shadowed When one of these buttons appears depressed the option is enabled when the button is raised the option is disabled In the above example image the bold option is disabled and the italics and shadow options are enabled Opacity The final Text properties control is for the opacity of the text and can range from 0 0 transparent to 1 0 opaque 7 7 Orientation Axes The Orientation Axes area on the Annotation tab of the 3D View Properties property sheet displayed when 3D View Properties is selected from the View menu on the main Menu Bar can be used to control the behavior of the orientation axes widget The 47 orientation axes widget displays the Orientation Axes x current orientation of the scene This Display orientation axes area of the interface appears similar to Interactive the example shown on the right Set Outline Color The first check box Display orientation axes determines whether the orientation axes 3D widget is visible The second check box Interactive determines whether the orientation axes can be positioned and sized interactively in the Display Area lf Interactive mode is on the Set Outline Color button is used for setting the color of the outline of the orientat
26. read As shown in the picture the properties frame now contains a list of all the data arrays variables attributes available in the file In this case the file contains two scalar variables called Density and StagnationEnergy and one vector variable called Momentum By default all arrays are selected and will be read if you click Accept However since you will need only the Momentum vector in this tutorial you can reduce the load time and memory consumption by deselecting the Density and StagnationEnergy scalars Note that only some readers support this feature If a reader does not have any properties accessible to the user it will immediately load the data file After deselecting Density and StagnationEnergy click Accept The ParaView window should now resemble the nage below M Kitware ParaView Dl x ACK OF BETA Hee mm iz 7G Selection window de ParaView A O gt gt Figure 10 ParaView window after opening a structured grid data file 99 The file you just download contains structured grid data showing the supersonic flow over a flat plate with a blunt fin rising from the plate It was converted from a PLOTSD file distributed by NASA http www nas nasa gov Research Datasets datasets html You will notice that only a wireframe outline of the grid is displayed ParaView displays structured datasets rectilinear and curvilinear grid and large unstructured grids as outlines and
27. scalar bar provides a graphical representation of the color map used to color the image along with tick marks indicating the range of values mapped through the table The scalar bar is an interaction widget using the left mouse button you can reposition and resize the scalar bar in the Display Area Bringing the scalar bar close to the bottom or top edge of the Display Area will cause it to switch to a horizontal mode while bringing it near the right or left edge will cause it to switch to a vertical mode Cube Axes Toggle the visibility of the labeled axes displayed along three outer edges of the bounding box of the data object Label Point Ids If Label Point Ids is selected point ids for the current data set will be drawn in the Display Area The option of labeling point ids is only available when running ParaView in a single process Set View to Data This button will reset the camera so that this data object mostly fills the Display Area The current camera direction will be maintained but the camera will be translated and the zoom will be adjusted 8 3 Color Options The Display tab on the property sheet associated with a data object in ParaView has a region for adjusting the color of the actor as shown below In the example shown the Color by selection has been set to Property and an Actor Color button is displayed to allow you to choose a new solid color for this actor The dialog box for selecting a new color is operating syst
28. see this in the Navigation Window To change from Selection Window to Navigation Window click on the icon next to the Selection Window title You should see the title change to Navigation Window and in the window you should see apherg1 Shrink Figure 4 Navigation window showing a pipeline with one source and one filter The item shown in dark grey is the currently selected data object All other items are shown in blue indicating that you can click on that data object to select it Click on the Sphere item and the display in the Navigation Window should change to this sphere 1 Outined Casino Figure 5 Navigation window showing a branching pipeline This is a simple representation of the underlying VTK pipeline We have created a vtkSphereSource that has output vtkPolyData which is used as input to both the vtkOutlineFilter and the vtkShrinkFilter 1 4 8 Color by normals Select the ShrinkO item from the Selection Navigation Window to access the property sheet for this item On the Display tab change the Color By option in the Color region to Point Normals 3 Then click on the Edit Color Map button Select Component from the menu in the Vector portion of the user interface Then click the Reset Range button at the top of the Color Map section Click the Back button at the bottom of the left panel to return to the Display tab You should now see an image similar to the one shown on the right Instead of using
29. the Display tab for this source and it can be interactively positioned using the Move operation of the camera The object created by this source is a vtkLineSource object and the output of this source is vtkPolyData An example of a line source is given on the right Note that in this example the interaction widget is visible and the lower left point of the line is being manipulated Widget interaction is described below The Line source has only one parameter Resolution This value represents the number of line segments in line By default this value is 1 As opposed to some other sources such as the sphere cone and cylinder increasing the resolution does not increase the accuracy of the line it simple increases the number of colinear line segments defining the line This can sometimes be useful when using the data as input to a filter The Line source interaction widget has the following parameters which are displayed on the Line source property sheet Point1 These three values indicate the coordinates of one of the two end points of the line Point2 These three values indicate the other end point coordinate of the line 23 Visibility This check box can be used to toggle the visibility of the interaction widget When the interaction widget is visible you will see a thick line with two spheres at the end points To see the actual line you must turn off the visibility of the interaction widget By default the interaction wi
30. whether or not the cone is capped can be changed used the property sheet The cone can be translated rotated and scaled using the Actor control area of the Display tab for this source and it can be interactively positioned using the Move operation of the camera The object created by this source is a vtkConeSource object and the output of this source is vtkPolyData An example of a cone source is given on the right The Cone source has the following parameters Resolution This value indicates the number of divisions around the cone The higher this number the closer the polygonal approximate will come to representing a cone and the more polygons it will contain The default resolution is 6 Radius This is the radius of the cone The default value is 0 5 Height This is the height of the cone The default value is 1 0 Capping This check box indicates whether the cone is capped the default or open If the cone is capped there is an N sided polygon closing off the cone where N is the resolution 3 Cylinder The Cylinder source can be used to add a polygonal cylinder to the 3D scene The radius height and center of the cylinder the resolution of the polygonal approximation and whether or not the cylinder is capped can be changed used the property sheet The cylinder can be translated rotated and scaled using the Actor control area of the Display tab for this source and it can be interactively positioned using the M
31. widget component of the parameter seed Figure 13 Components of the seed parameter 61 ParaView supports a few manipulators 3D widgets to allow users to easily change parameters For a list of the 3D widgets used in ParaView see Appendix A 3D Widgets You will first use a line to seed the streamlines Select Line as the seed type from the pull down menu in the Seed property frame Next set point 1 to 3 59 0 33 2 86 and point 2 to 3 59 5 48 2 86 by typing in the entry boxes You can also change the position of the end points by clicking on the spheres at each end of the line and dragging Next set the maximum propagation length to 10 and set the integration direction to FORWARD Click Accept The output should look like the ASNO A Kitware ParaView 1 loj xj Edit View Select Source Filter Window Help AGx OF WOKS Lana sss Selection window 3D Y bluntfin vts ExtractGridO ExtractGrid1 D Stream0 y A View IV Data Set View to Data T scalar bar CubeAxes ES x Color by Property Actor Color V Map Scalars Edit Color Map r Display style x Representation Surface Interpolation Gouraud Point size h Line width s gt uno E E a IS X Para View Gad S O 9 B 89 Figure 14 Streamlines created with a line seed Next we will move the seed to a more interesting region First change the seed type to Point Cloud and chan
32. E iz 33 Selection Window Combustor Data Animated Contour D Parameters Display Information View 1 V Data Set View to Data Scalar bar cCubeAxes Label Point Ids Color x Color by Point Momentum 3 Actor Color imt Map Scalars Edit Color Map Displa aye Xx Representation Surface ourau Interpolation Point size Line width Actor Control ParaView Point Density Figure 19 Clipped contour colored by the first component of Momentum You can turn off the visibility of the plane widget by switching back to the Parameters page and disabling Visibility of the Clip Function 4 Animate the Isosurface In this section we will demonstrate how to create an ae REDE animation that sweeps over a range of isosurface w gt o E f f f f f rame J values by using ParaView s animation editor TO one display the animation editor select View Animation 2e L p The left panel should now look like the one shown on Aes X the right Source The top set of buttons work similarly to a VCR the Parameter None first button can be used to return to the beginning the action elete Actor animation if it is playing the double right arrows will seme __ _ssvesseomety go to the end and the final button is a toggle button Biss which can
33. Mida e m at ra e Left Button Middle Button Right Button camera in the Display Area The Rotate lt 4 Pant Zoom mouse bindings can be viewed a Rel m E and changed by selecting the 3D Rotate E AA View Properties option from the Sentol Flyin 2 Reate 4 Flyout View menu then clicking on the Camera tab You will see that there are two styles of mouse bindings one for 2D movements and one for 3D movements By default the camera is in 3D movement mode and the Camera Control for 3D Movements area on this property sheet shows the current bindings The default bindings are shown in the image on the right The top row indicates what will happen when you press each of the mouse buttons in the Display Area while moving the mouse The second row shows the motion that will occur when you press shift plus the specified mouse button and the third row shows what will happen when pressing control plus the specified mouse button By using the pulldown menus you can customize this interaction For this example try using the left mouse button to rotate the scene Moving the mouse in the Display Area while holding down the left mouse button will cause the camera to rotate around the scene The point about which the camera rotates is known as the center of rotation The middle mouse button can be used to pan translate the scene and the right mouse button can be used to zoom in and out These three operations are the
34. ParaView User s Guide Version 1 6 Table of Contents EE ca e e e on CERES SAO a EE 1 1 AAA 1 2 A 1 3 Te Letal una tea 1 4 1 5 1 1 Ada a DOUNGING DO CNN NEN NCC ARRIE SPN CS e Color DY NOMAS apna Command PIC ATO S aueh bauen tta E O cn e a aaa a a aa aaa RAR AR AR AA ONoOoORWD 1 noo 7 Runa U o D D 1 Running Para view VVIUD IPN ao A A ote A A didt oat red Distributed Stand Alone Mode ocoocococoncncnconcncncononcnnononnonononnnnenenannoninannines Client Server Mode via dara Unix Linux Related ISSUES oocococcocococcncnconcncnconennnconcnnnnonenannonenannonenannnnes Windows Related lSSUES ocococcocococcncnocononcncnnoncnconononcnnononannonenannonenannnnes Check fOr IDG i i ee anaes Pata Ai UNO te ce cer tate ida gading Ale E 2 1 OM e bs DD a a AAA E 2 2 Supported Data Formals estrias Is 2 Wal VVC Sie raed aaa caia 2A PAra VEW SESSION FES ERA EAMUS SMASH AMAA AE Saa 3 1 DU O Dd ROD q 1 1 2 1 1 3 4 1 1 1 Ji 1 1 1 1 5 1 1 T 1 6 1 1 1 ale A 8 L The Display Area 1 eese nnn nnns spell D DOR IER INIRE UENIUNT aet tados 1 darse eer EE o A HM MEE Aan Pala VICW E EA Termo and GOnCCOIS TTE Tm Pompe Xa E tienes pU UEM MM LM M Stet Tra Vie W ee toe toed toe etre EE Greate a SOMONS eic Da I Chatnge toWIFGITAITIQus ases ases Is Urs Es Change the resolutiON occccoccncccccncccnn
35. Siggraph 92 except that this algorithm does not necessarily preserve the topology of the mesh and it is guaranteed to give the mesh reduction factor specified by the user The algorithm proceeds as follows Each vertex in the mesh is classified and inserted into a priority queue The priority is based on the error to delete the vertex and retriangulate the hole Vertices that cannot be deleted or triangulated at this point in the algorithm are skipped Then each vertex in the priority queue Is processed i e vertex deletion followed by hole triangulation using edge collapse This continues until the priority queue is empty Next all remaining vertices are processed The mesh is split 31 into separate pieces along sharp edges or at non manifold attachment points and the vertices are reinserted into the priority queue Again the priority queue is processed until empty If the desired reduction is still not achieved the remaining vertices are split as necessary in a recursive fashion so that it is possible to eliminate every triangle as necessary To use this filter you should specify the Target Reduction The algorithm is guaranteed to generate a reduced mesh at this level as long as the following four conditions are met 1 topology modification is allowed Preserve Topology off 2 mesh splitting is enabled on by default not modifiable from within ParaView 3 the algorithm is allowed to modify the boundary of the mesh Boundary del
36. Y axes of the camera coordinate system Panning is available for both 2D and 3D modes Roll The mouse motion will roll the camera This form of rotation is available in both 2D and 3D modes Zoom Zoom in or out of the image In a parallel projection this is a change in the parallel scale while in a perspective projection this is a change in the field of view Zooming is available in both 2D and 3D modes Rotate Rotate the camera around the center of rotation using azimuth and elevation operations The rotate function is available only in 3D mode Flyin Move the camera in the direction indicated by the mouse Rotation is controlled by the placement of the mouse The farther from the center of the Display Area the faster the rotation Speed is decreased as rotation occurs Unlike other operations that require mouse movement to cause a change in the camera parameters the Flyln and FlyOut operations will execute continually while the corresponding key mouse buttons are pressed Flyln is not available in 2D interaction mode FlyOut Move the camera away from the direction indicate by the mouse This option can be used to back up after flying in towards an object FlyOut is not available in 2D interaction mode Move Ihe data object under the mouse cursor when the specified key mouse combination is pressed will be translated according to the mouse motion This is an 49 interactive method for placing objects in the scene Unlike other o
37. a circular shape and values greater than 1 produce higher order shapes The default value is 1 Size This value represents an isotropic size of the superquadric By default it is 0 5 Note that the Size and Thickness parameters control coefficients of superquadric generation and may not exactly describe the size of the superquadric Toroidal If this box is not checked the default the generated superquadric will not contain a hole If checked a toroidal object is generated 3 13Wavelet The Wavelet source can be used to create a regular rectilinear grid in up to three dimensions with values varying according to a periodic function The function that is evaluated is M G XM sin XF x YM sin YF y ZM cos ZF z where M represents the Maximum value G represent the Gaussian XM YM and ZM are the X Y and Z magnitude values and XF YF and ZF are the X Y and Z frequency values If a two dimensional extent is specified as in the example on the right the resulting image will be 28 ParaView User s Guide displayed If a three dimensional extent is used then the bounding box of the volume will be displayed The image or volume can be translated rotated and scaled using the Actor control area of the Display tab for this source and it can be interactively positioned using the Move operation of the camera The object created by this source is a vtkRTAnalyticSource object and the output of this source is vtkImageData
38. a specified solid color for the color of the object the color is derived from a lookup table based on some property of the data In this case we have chosen to use the X value of the Normals to look up a color between blue and red As demonstrated you can change the current color map using the Edit Color Map button in the View region This will change the property sheet displayed in the Left Panel to one that can be used to control the color map and the various properties of the scalar bar In the Color Map region you can change the two endpoint colors of the color map An HSV interpolation strategy is employed for intermediate values 1 5 Command Line Arguments There are several command line arguments that can be used to control the execution of ParaView These are grouped below into three categories General Parallel and Mesa When more than one option is indicated as is the case with play demo and pd either option can be used 10 ParaView User s Guide 1 5 1 General start empty e Start ParaView without any default modules This option is useful when the user wants to customize ParaView and wants to disable all default sources filters readers and toolbar buttons disable registry dr Do not use registry when running ParaView useful for testing With this option ParaView will ignore all stored user settings and use the default values No settings will be saved either play demo pd Run the ParaView demo
39. adjust the position scale p o o o orientation origin and opacity of the bh o Mo o actor associated with this data This D if region of the interface will appear similar to what is shown in the image on the right Each of the input areas Is covered in more detail below In each of the text entry areas the action will not occur until the enter 93 key is pressed in the area or the text widget looses focus for example when you click in another text entry area Using the sliders or thumbwheels causes the action to occur immediately Translate These three values represent a translation in X Y and Z Either enter these values manually or change them with the associated thumb wheels Scale Enter scale values along the X Y and Z axes or set the values using the thumb wheels Orientation Sliders are provided to adjust each of the scale entries to a value between O and 360 degrees These represent rotations around the X Y and Z axis and are applied in the order Z then X then Y Origin This specifies the origin of the data set Either type the values in the entry boxes or set the values using the thumb wheels Opacity Use the slider to adjust the opacity of the data object to a value between 0 0 and 1 0 Keep in mind that polygons are not sorted by depth in ParaView and therefore images generated with translucent polygons will often be incorrect 9 Data Information 9 1 Overview When a data object is created
40. al value represented by 2 is mapped to the Z axis The imaginary component of X is represented by 3 and by default is not mapped All values entered must be between O0 and 3 inclusive Origin The four values indicate the values of C real and imaginary and the initial value X real and imaginary The first two numbers represent the real and imaginary components of C and the last two indicate the real and imaginary components of X Size These four values indicate the four dimensional size of which to create the output image Max Iterations This number indicates the maximum number of iterations to perform in order to determine if the value will go above 2 3 10Plane The Plane source can be used to add a polygonal parallelogram to the 3D scene The origin and two other corner points that define the parallelogram as well as the resolution of the approximation can be specified using the property sheet As opposed to the sphere cone or cylinder sources the parallelogram is exactly represented at the lowest resolution Higher resolutions may be desired if this plane is to be used as input for a filter The plane can be translated rotated and scaled using the Actor control area of the Display tab for this source and it can be interactively positioned using the Move operation of the camera The object created by this source is a vtkPlaneSource object and the output of this source is vtkPolyData An example of a plane source d
41. ames in browsers is selected on the Application Settings property sheet Name can not be changed e Class The class name of the underlying VTK object The class name is provided for information only e Label By default ParaView uses this name to display modules readers sources and filters in the browser windows Selection and Navigation windows and in the Select menu Although a default value is initially assigned by ParaView the user can change the label to more easily locate modules e Accept Button To avoid unnecessary filter execution when changing multiple parameters ParaView does not immediately apply a filter when a parameter changes Instead when a change occurs the Accept button will be highlighted in green to inform the user that one or more parameters changed To apply these changes and execute the filter click Accept e Reset Button To reset the state of the module to that of the previous execution of this module use the Reset button e Delete Button To remove a module use the Delete button Note that when the output of the module is being used by another one this button is disabled To delete such a module you have to delete all other filters which use its output The rest of the parameters are specific to the PLOT3D reader To get more information about these you can refer to the balloon help If tooltips are enabled View Application oettings Show tooltips a small window describing a parameter briefly
42. anel is controlled by the View and Select menus in the Menu Bar or by selecting a data object from the Selection Navigation Window 1 1 4 The Display Area The Display Area is where the 3D representation of the scene is rendered Mouse interaction is provided in this area 1 1 5 The Status Bar The Status Bar on the bottom edge of the application will provide short help messages progress updates and an error indicator a small red exclamation point in the far right corner Clicking on the error indicator will bring up the Error Log and change the color of the exclamation point to black 1 2 Getting Started 1 2 1 Installation 1 2 1 1 Unix Installation Uncompress the appropriate distribution gunzip for gz uncompress for Z and change the current directory to where you want the files to be extracted and extract tar xf This will install the binaries into the bin directory the documentation into the doc paraview 1 6 directory and support files into the share paraview 1 6 directory We recommend installing in usr local or opt 1 2 1 2 Windows Installation Run PVSetup exe and follow the instructions By default this will install the ParaView executable and support files in the C Program Files ParaView 1 6 directory 1 2 2 Starting ParaView There are a few different methods for starting ParaView depending on whether it is being run in single processor stand alone distributed stand alone or client server mode The s
43. ar will appear as shown below lema NW a Lus d MUI emen cr d SY q eem s 41 These ten filters are briefly described here More detailed descriptions can be found in the Filters chapter of this guide The Calculator filter can be used to create new arrays by performing mathematical operations on existing arrays Using an interface similar to a calculator you can specify an equation to be applied to specified data array of the input data object The Warp Vector filter will move data points along a vector direction After p specifying the vector field to use and the displacement distance a new data object will be created by displacing each point by the specified distance along the specified vector usually decrease the dimensionality of the data object being cut For example cutting a sphere with a plane may produce a circle An interactive widget can be used for placing the plane or sphere and a set of offset distances can be specified to perform more than one cut at a time ii The Cut filter can be used to cut a data object with a plane or a sphere This will This will not decrease the dimensionality of the data object being clipped For The Clip filter will clip a data object using a plane a sphere a box or scalars example clipping a sphere with a plane may produce a hemisphere The Threshold filter will extract cells that fall between a given lower and upper ue threshold The threshold ca
44. araView polygonal image rectilinear structured grid or unstructured The file extensions are pvtp for polygonal data pvti for image data pvtr for rectilinear grids pvts for structured grids and pvtu for unstructured data Legacy VTK Files This is the legacy before VTK 4 2 although still supported VTK file format All types of data are stored with the same file extension Files of this type will have a vtk extension The data object created by this reader may be of any type supported by ParaView polygonal image rectilinear structured grid or unstructured Parallel partitioned legacy VTK Files This is the legacy before VTK 4 2 although still supported VTK file format All types of data are stored with the same file extension Files of this type will have a pvtk extension The data object created by this reader may be of any type supported by ParaView polygonal image rectilinear structured grid or unstructured EnSight Files This is the file format used by CEl s EnSight http www ensight com ASCII and binary EnSight 6 and EnSight Gold formats are supported These files will have a case extension The data object created by this reader may be of any type supported by ParaView polygonal image rectilinear structured grid or unstructured This format also supports multiple parts EnSight Master Server Files This is the file format used by CEl s EnSight http www ensight com for spatially distributed p
45. artitioned data The master file usually has a sos extension and points to multiple EnSight case files HDF5 Files Files of this type will have a h5 extension This format only supports image data VRML Files This is the file format for the Virtual Reality Modeling Language VRML 2 0 format is supported Only the geometry from the VRML file is loaded PLOT3D Files This is the file format originally used by the PLOT3D plotting package developed at NASA The default file extensions ParaView assumes are xyz for the geometry file and q for the solution file Only structured grid binary ASCII single or multi block data format is supported 15 Stereo Lithography ParaView can read binary or ASCII Stereo Lithography files These files will have a stl extension This format supports only polygonal data BYU Files ParaView can read MOVIE BYU files These files will have a g extension This format supports only polygonal data Protein Data Bank Files File format used by Protein Data Bank PDB an archive of experimentally determined three dimensional structures of biological macromolecules http www rcsb org pdb These files will have a pdb extension The PDB reader produces polygonal data output XMol Files Minnesota Supercomputer Center s XMol file format XYZ is a simple file format for representing molecules It describes atoms and bonds but no values are stored on atoms These files will have a xyz extension The XMol
46. atforms ranging from single processor workstations to distributed memory supercomputers his allows ParaView to scale from a stand alone single process application to a multi process system handling large data sets by distributing the data across multiple processors The goals of the ParaView project include the following e Develop an open source multi platform visualization application e Support distributed computation models to process large data sets e Create an open flexible and intuitive user interface e Develop an extensible architecture based on open standards ParaView uses the Visualization Toolkit as the data processing and rendering engine and has a user interface written using a unique blend of Tcl Tk and C This architecture makes ParaView a very strong and flexible visualization tool Since all VTK data sources and data processing filters are either immediately accessible or can be added by writing simple configuration files ParaView users have access to hundreds of state of the art data processing and visualization algorithms Furthermore the use of the Tcl scripting language as a core component allows users and developers to modify the processing engine and the user interface of ParaView to suit their needs ParaView s user interface and operations are closely tied to the pipeline model in VTK Loading data creates a VTK reader object and processing data e g creating a contour adds a VTK filter to the pipeline Crea
47. bar 4 34 Threshold The Threshold filter extracts cells that fall between a given lower and upper threshold The threshold can be applied to cell scalars or point scalars You can select whether all point scalars of a cell must meet fall within the threshold range in order to be included in the output or if just one falling within the range is sufficient The Threshold filter is available on the Toolbar 4 35 Triangle Strips The Triangle Strips filter generates triangle strips and or poly lines from input triangles triangle strips and lines Polygons other than triangles and lines are passed through to the output and are not stripped Use vtkTriangleFilter to triangulate non triangular polygons prior to running this filter if you need to strip all the data The filter will pass through to the output vertices if they are present in the input polydata 4 36Subdivide The Subdivision filter generates output by subdividing its input polydata Each subdivision iteration creates four new triangles for each triangle in the input This filter only operates on triangles other cells are not considered during operation or passed through to the output Use vtkTriangleFilter Triangulate first to create triangles from non triangular data 4 37 Tetrahedralize The Tetrahedralize filter generates n dimensional simplices from any input data set That is 3D cells are converted to tetrahedral meshes 2D cells to triangles and so on The triangulati
48. bdivision scheme that creates four new triangles for each triangle in the mesh The user can specify the number of subdivisions Loop s subdivision scheme is described in Loop C Smooth Subdivision surfaces based on triangles Masters Thesis University of Utah August 1987 For a nice summary of the technique see Hoppe H et al Piecewise Smooth Surface Reconstruction Proceedings of Siggraph 94 Orlando Florida July 24 29 1994 In Computer Graphics Proceedings Annual Conference Series 1994 ACM SIGGRAPH pp 295 302 The filter only operates on triangles The point data for the output of this filter is interpolated from the input point data New triangles created at a subdivision step will have the cell data of their parent cell 4 21Mask Points The Mask Points filter is a filter that passes through points and point attributes from an input data set Other geometry is not passed through It is possible to mask every nth point and to specify an initial offset to begin masking from A special random mode feature enables random selection of points The filter can also generate vertices topological primitives as well as points This is useful because vertices are rendered while points are not 4 220utline The Outline filter is a filter that generates a wireframe outline of any data set The outline consists of the twelve edges of the data set bounding box 4 23Outline Corners The Output Corners filter is similar to the Out
49. be used to enter a looping mode The Number of Frames entry box determines the total number of frames in the animation and the Frame slider determines the frame currently displayed The Delay slider controls the delay in milliseconds between frames next button will play the center square will stop the se x Animations are created by adding actions to be performed when the play button is pressed Create your first action by first selecting Animated Contour as the Source and Contour Values as the Parameter Next set the Start Value to 0 3 and End Value to 0 6 Here is what the action you just created does set the Contour Values parameter 68 ParaView User s Guide currently only one iso surface value can be changed from the animation editor of the Animated Contour filter to 0 3 when the first frame is displayed and to 0 6 when the last frame is displayed for any frame in between linearly interpolate the iso surface value between 0 3 and 0 6 This is a very simple key frame animation model in which the first and the last frames are used as the key frames and only linear interpolation is allowed You can add as many items as you want by using the Add Action button and describing the action using the Source Parameter Start Value and End Value parameters Next reduce the number of frames to 20 To play the animation press the play button on the VCR control panel You will notice that the animation plays relative slowly This is be
50. cause at each frame a new isosurface is created by running the contour filter This is a relatively expensive operation It is possible to avoid this by caching the polygonal data representing each isosurface when the contour filter is run the first time Make sure that caching is on by checking Cache Geometry at the bottom of the animation editor page It is on by default The first time you ran the animation it was be slow but the isosurfaces were cached because Cache Geometry was enabled The next time you run the animation you will notice that it runs much faster The drawback of using geometry caching is in that the cache stores the geometry of every step in memory When the number of steps or the geometry is large ParaView might run out of memory To remove the geometry cache disable the Cache Geometry option 5 Delete the Contour and Clip Filters Before moving to another animation we will demonstrate how to delete existing ParaView modules First display the Source page on the left panel by selecting View oource Next select the Animated Contour object in the Selection window and select the Parameters tab You will notice that the Delete button is disabled Accept Reset Figure 20 If the output of a source is used by another filter that source can not be deleted This is because the output of the contour filter is used by the clip filter You can verify this by switching to the Navigation window Ela Navigation Windo
51. ces within each bin and then determining an optimal position for a single vertex in a bin by using the accumulated quadric In more detail the algorithm first gets the bounds of the input poly data It then breaks this bounding volume into a user specified number of spatial bins It then reads each triangle from the input and hashes its vertices into these bins If this is the first time a bin has been visited initialize its quadric to the O matrix The algorithm computes the error quadric for this triangle and adds it to the existing quadric of the bin in which each vertex is contained Then if 2 or more vertices of the triangle fall in the same bin the triangle is discarded If the triangle is not discarded it adds the triangle to the list of output triangles as a list of vertex identifiers There is one vertex id per bin After all the triangles have been read the representative vertex for each bin is computed an optimal location is found using the quadric for that bin This determines the spatial location of the vertices of each of the triangles in the output This filter can drastically affect topology i e topology is not preserved 4 27 Random Vectors The Random Vectors filter assigns a random vector i e magnitude and direction to each point The minimum and maximum speed values can be controlled by the user 35 4 28 Reflection The Reflection filter reflects a data set across one of the planes formed by the data set s
52. ct When you select an item from the Filter menu or press a filter button in the Toolbar several things will occur e he property sheet for the filter will be displayed On this property sheet you will see the configurable parameters of the filter e The Selection Navigation Window will be displayed if it was not yet displayed already e The filter that you are creating will be the currently active data object The filter will not be created and displayed until you press the Accept button which is highlighted in green whenever a filter is first created or a parameter is changed that 29 would require updating If you would like to cancel the creation of the filter press the Delete button To reset all the parameters back to the default values during creation or to the values they had when the Accept button was last pressed during modification press the Reset button A brief description of several of the filters in ParaView follows 4 2 Calculator The Calculator filter can be used to create new arrays by performing mathematical operations on existing arrays Using an interface similar to a calculator you can specify an equation to be applied to specified data array s of the input data object The Calculator is available on the Toolbar 4 3 Cell Centers The Cell Centers filter takes as input any data set and generates an output point at the center of each cell in the data set These points can be used for placing glyphs or
53. d data sets with at least one point centered scalar attribute a volume rendering option is available from the Representation menu in the Display Style section of the Display tab of the data property sheet From the Edit Volume Appearance button also on the Display tab you can modify the transfer functions controlling the appearance of the unstructured grid Appendix A 3D Widgets ParaView uses the following 3D widgets Point Widget Used to set the position of a point or the center of a region The position of the point can be changed by clicking on and dragging any of the three axes To position the widget accurately you might need to change the camera position as well Holding the SHIFT key while interacting will restrict the motion of the point to one of the x y or z planes Line Widget Used to set the orientation and the position of a line The position of the line can be changed by clicking on any point on the line except the end points and dragging To position the widget accurately you might need to change the camera position as well Holding the SHIFT key while interacting will restrict the motion to one of the x y or z planes To move one of the end points simply use one of the point widgets on each end These are marked by spheres which become red when clicked on Right clicking and dragging the line will cause it to resize Upward motion increases the length of the line downward motion decreases it Plane Widget Used
54. dget is visible This check box is tied to the interaction widget and not the source object and therefore has an immediate effect the Accept button does not need to be pressed The Line source interaction widget has the behavior described below Changes made through the interaction widget must be accepted by pressing the Accept button on the property sheet before the change will be reflected in the output of the line source Left Mouse on End Point Sphere Clicking the left mouse button while the cursor is over one of the end point spheres then dragging the mouse will cause that end point to translate Left Mouse on Line Clicking the left mouse button while the cursor is over the line then dragging the mouse will cause the line to translate Right Mouse on Line Clicking the right mouse button while the cursor is over the line then dragging the mouse will cause the line to increase or decrease in length Upward mouse motion will cause an increase in length downward motion will cause a decrease in length 3 9 Mandelbrot The Mandelbrot source can be used to add a regular rectilinear grid with scalar values derived from the Mandelbrot set to the 3D scene The values in the grid are the number of iterations it takes for the magnitude of the value to get over 2 The equation repeated is z z C z and C are complex Initial value of z is zero the real value of C is mapped onto the x axis and the imaginary value of C is mapped onto th
55. e current image to the clipboard Copy functionality is only available on Windows View The View menu can be used to select the Property Sheet displayed in the Left Panel of the application Most of the functionality of ParaView will be contained in these property sheets This is where the properties of sources and filters are set application and 3D display settings such as background color level of detail parameters and camera controls are located and animations can be created Select he Select menu also controls the Property Sheet displayed in the Left Panel of the application The Select menu contains an entry for each data object loaded or ParaView User s Guide created in the system Selecting one of these will bring up its corresponding property sheet in the Left Panel area of the user interface There are also a few standard glyph sources that can be accessed through the Glyphs submenu Selecting a source using the Select menu is similar to selecting it using the Selection Navigation Window Source The Source menu contains a list of sources that can be created After selecting a source from the list the property sheet for that source will be displayed in the Property sheet area Set the parameters then press the Accept button to create the source or the Delete button to remove the source from the pipeline Filter The Filter menu contains a list of filters that can be applied to the currently selected data object This will g
56. e Y Axis The third dimension z axis is the imaginary value of the initial value By default a two dimensional data set is created with 251x251 values on the z 0 plane The size of the output data as well as the parameters for generating the data can be controlled using the property sheet for the Mandelbrot source The output Mandelbrot image can be translated rotated and scaled using the Actor control area of the Display tab for this source and it can be interactively positioned using the Move operation of the camera The object created by this source is a vtklmageMandelbrotSource object and the output of this source is vtkImageData An example of a Mandelbrot source is given on the right The Mandelbrot source has the following parameters Extent These six values indicate the X Y and Z extent of the output data The first two numbers are the minimum and maximum X extent the next two are the minimum and maximum Y extent and the final two are the minimum and maximum 24 ParaView User s Guide Z extent The numbers are inclusive so the default values of 0 250 0 250 0 0 indicate that a single image of 251x251 values will be created Sub space These three values allow you to set the projection from the 4D space to the axes of the 3D Volume By default the real component of C represented by 0 is mapped to the X axis the imaginary component of C represented by 1 is mapped to the Y axis and the real component of X the initi
57. e able to interact with the data at a good rate due to the lower resolution version of the data but it may require several seconds to refresh to the full resolution version when interaction is complete the mouse button is released If this button is not checked then you must wait for the high resolution render to complete before further interaction can occur When this button is checked if you click in the Display Area to begin a new interaction or click on the interface to change the state of a widget the current render will be aborted to respond When MPI is in use ParaView uses asynchronous messaging to provide this functionality 7 5 3D Interface Settings The 3D Interface Settings control area is found on the General tab of the 3D View Properties property sheet available under M Display 3D widgets automatically the View menu on the main Menu Bar This area of the interface appears similar to the example shown on the right There is one configurable parameter in this region as described below 3D interface settings X Display 3D widgets automatically This option is checked by default indicating that 3D interaction widgets will be automatically displayed when creating a filter that utilizes such a widget for parameter specification If you are working with very large data and plan to specify all parameters manually unchecking this option allows you to avoid the extra render that occurs from turning on the 3D widget 46 ParaView
58. e into another application using either the Edit Paste menu option or Ctrl v as supported by the application This functionality is available only on Windows platforms 11 3lmage Print The Print option in the File menu on the main Menu Bar can be used to print the current image in the Display Area Before printing you should select a DPI dots per inch setting from the Page Setup cascading menu under the File menu Available options are 100 150 and 300 DPI The higher the DPI the better quality the printed image will have but the longer it will take to print On Windows after you select the Print option a Windows dialog will pop up to select the printer On Linux Unix a file saving dialog will pop up allowing you to specify the location and name of a postscript file into which the image will be written On Linux Unix you will have to send this image to the printer 12 New features The new features added in the 1 6 release of ParaView are as follows 96 ParaView User s Guide Interpolating Colors A new check box labeled Interpolate Colors has been added to the Display tab of the data property sheet Turning this option on causes the RGB red green blue color values to be interpolated in RGB space across polygons Using Label from Parameters tab The user specified Label value is now used in the select menu and in the Animation interface in place of the system assigned Name value Volume Rendering For unstructured gri
59. e item The three objects connected to the output of the sphere source are shown in blue indicating that you can click on the item to make it the currently active object and to redraw the graph starting from this i Navigation ccu object For example clicking on the ShrinkO item in the above example leads Phere 3 Shrink ExtractEdges to the pipeline diagram shown on the right In this diagram we can see that the Shrink0 item gets its input from the Sphere1 source and the output of the shrink filter is the input to ExtractEdges1 Since three dots are used to indicate a continuation of the pipeline past the one item shown on either side we can tell that Sphere1 is the beginning of this pipeline and ExtractEdges1 is the end of this pipeline since there are no dots In the top example note that there are dots after ShrinkO indicating a continuation Note that it is possible to access any data object using the Navigation Window but it may require many steps since you can only move forward or backward one step in the pipeline at a time For example if ShrinkO is the active item as it is in the example above then to make ExtractEdgesO the active item we would need to click on Sphere1 to go back a step then click on ExtractEdgesO to go forward a step Alternatively you can toggle the mode to Selection Window click on ExtractEdgesO then toggle the mode back to Navigation Window 6 Toolbar 6 1 Overview Directly bel
60. eSource it has an aiios empty output and therefore you need to Description 3D sphere given a center and radius E press the Accept button to cause an A Rem pee Update call on the sphere source This is lo lo lo Center also true when you change a parameter on adius i vhs E the property sheet since the output will then Theta Resolution od B be out of date with respect to the currently start Theta LL b displayed parameters End Theta Po lise Pie p Phi Resolution ls When you add data to ParaView by Start Phi EU lo loading data creating a source or filtering End Phi fico a set of objects are created to manage the data generation data storage and display ParaView groups these objects together under the name presented in the property sheet in this simple example it is Sphere1 When you select Sphere1 from the Select menu or by using the Selection Navigation Window the property sheet that is displayed contains parameters for the source object that creates the data information about the data object that is created and controls for the display of the data object For example the Parameters tab contains entry boxes for the center and radius of the sphere which are variables of the vtkSphereSource The Information tab tells you that the data object created by the sphere source contains polygonal data with 96 cells and 50 points The Display tab provides controls for the mapper actor and property objects
61. ed to create a sphere a box a torus or a variety of other shapes simply by adjusting the roundness parameters 21 The Superquadric source has the following parameters Center This coordinate represents the center of the superquadric By default this value is 0 0 0 Scale These three values can be used to scale the superquadric in X Y and Z The normals will be computed correctly even with anisotropic scaling By default all three values are set to 1 Theta Resolution This number represents the number of division in the theta longitudinal direction The default theta resolution is 16 This value will be rounded to the nearest multiple of 8 Phi Resolution This number represents the number of division in the phi latitudinal direction The default phi resolution is 16 This number will be rounded to the nearest multiple of 4 Thickness If the Toroidal box is checked this value represents the thickness of the object as a value between 0 and 1 A value close to O leads to a thin object with a large hole and a value near 1 leads to a thick object with a very small hole Theta Roundness Define the roundness in the theta direction A value of 0 represents a rectangular shape a value of 1 represents a circular shape and values greater than 1 produce higher order shapes The default value is 1 Phi Roundness Define the roundness in the theta direction A value of O represents a rectangular shape a value of 1 represents
62. em dependent On Windows the dialog box will look similar to the one shown in section 7 2 Background Color The Color by setting can instead be set to any scalar or vector component of this data object When the setting is not Property then the Actor Color button is disabled and the Edit Color Map option is enabled 91 Color X Calor by Point Marmals 3 iv 2 Ade Cho Interpolate Colors Edit Color Map Edit Color Map If the Color by option in the Color area is set to use a scalar a vector component or vector magnitude for color then this button will be enabled Pressing this button will change the property sheet to look similar to the image shown below Color Map x Parameter Reset Range Min 0 989821 Max 0 989821 c We Resolution ee 258 Yector x Component A Scalar Bar x visibility Title Normals p si sh mi Label 6300 MEA SE Back The top region of this property sheet allows you to adjust the color map used to map scalars vector components or vector magnitudes to colors The indicated range is the initial range computed for the array among all data objects If you have adjusted parameters that have changed the scalar range you will either need to press Reset Range to reset to the full scalar range or enter a sub range manually There are several preset color maps or you can specify the color of the two end points of the color map An HSV interpolation method wil
63. enerally be the last data object created or the one most recently selected from the Select menu or the Selection Navigation Window The list of filters enabled in the Filter menu will change to correspond to the type of the selected data object Once a filter is selected the Property Sheet for that filter will be displayed oet the parameters and press Accept to add the filter to the pipeline just after the currently selected data object or press the Delete button to remove the filter from the pipeline Window The Window menu can be used to hide or display the Left Panel In addition the Window menu can be used to bring up the Command Prompt Error Log or Timer Log windows Help The Help menu can be used to display information about downloading this help document to show version information for ParaView or to run the ParaView demo 1 1 2 The Toolbar The Toolbar is located directly below the Menu Bar The Toolbar contains buttons for resetting the camera switching between 2D and 3D interaction modes and changing the center of rotation In addition the Toolbar contains buttons for some common filters 1 1 3 The Left Panel The Left Panel displays the current Property Sheet on the bottom and the Selection Navigation Window on the top The Selection Navigation window will not appear until data has been loaded or created The Left Panel may be hidden or revealed using the Window menu on the Menu Bar The current content of the Left P
64. es and whose dihedral angle FeatureAngle or 4 manifold edges edges 32 ParaView User s Guide used by exactly two polygons These edges may be extracted in any combination Edges may also be colored i e scalar values assigned based on edge type The cell coloring is assigned to the cell data of the extracted edges 4 17 Normals generation The Normals generation filter computes point normals for a polygonal mesh The filter can reorder polygons to insure consistent orientation across polygon neighbors Sharp edges can be split and points duplicated with separate normals to give crisp rendered surface definition It is also possible to globally flip the normal orientation The algorithm works by determining normals for each polygon and then averaging them at shared points When sharp edges are present the edges are split and new points generated to prevent blurry edges due to Gouraud shading Normals are computed only for polygons and triangle strips Normals are not computed for lines or vertices Triangle strips are broken up into triangle polygons You may want to restrip the triangles 4 18Glyph The Glyph filter will create a glyph at each point in the input data object The glyph can be a cone a sphere a line an arrow or a 2D glyph The glyph can be oriented according to a vector in the input data object and scaled according to scalar values vector magnitudes or vector components An upper bound can be set on t
65. esented by a data object Process Object A visualization object that is an abstraction of a process or algorithm For example the isosurfacing algorithm is implemented as a process object Source A process object that produces at least one output data object Reader A source object that reads data from one or more data files Filter A process object that takes at least one input and generates one output Filters include contour filter cut plane filter streamline filter sub extent extraction filter etc Module In ParaView process objects and the associated user interface for manipulating these objects are referred to as modules ParaView modules include EnSight Reader module reader Sphere module source Stream Tracer module filter and ParaView Data Writer module writer Visualization Pipeline In ParaView and in VTK process objects are connected to each other to form a visualization pipeline Each process object in the pipeline represents an operation performed on the data For a detailed explanation of these concepts refer to The Visualization Toolkit An Object Oriented Approach to SD Graphics by Will Schroeder et al 1 4 A Simple Example A simple ParaView example will be presented in this section in order to familiarize you with the basic operation of the application Later in this User s Guide there are several detailed examples which should be attempted after you are comfortable with the basics 1 4 1 Start Pa
66. etable on and 4 the maximum allowable error is set to VTK DOUBLE MAX the default not modifiable from within ParaView The Feature angle parameter can impact the quality of the final mesh 4 12Elevation The Elevation filter can be used to generate scalar values for a data set The scalar values lie within a user specified range and are generated by computing a projection of each data set point onto a line The line can be oriented arbitrarily A typical example is to generate scalars based on elevation or height above a plane 4 13Extract Edges The Extract Edges filter will extract the edges of a 2D or 3D data set 4 14 Extract Surface The Extract Surface filter will extract a 2 dimensional boundary surface of a data set using neighborhood relations to eliminate internal surfaces 4 15 Extract Grid The Extract Grid filter allows you to extract a sub grid from an input structured data object The minimum and maximum extents of the volume of interest in X Y and Z can be specified along with a sampling rate Sampling rates greater than one will subsample the original data The Extract Grid filter can be accessed through the Toolbar or the Filter menu 4 16Feature Edges The Feature Edges filter can be used to extract special types of edges from input polygonal data These edges are either 1 boundary used by one polygon or a line cell 2 non manifold used by three or more polygons 3 feature edges edges used by two triangl
67. face appears as shown on the right The 44 ParaView User s Guide three check boxes can be used to control global properties of rendering such as parallel versus perspective projection the use of triangle strips and immediate mode rendering versus the use of display lists These options are described below Advanced Render Parameters x Use parallel projection Use triangle strips iw Use immediate made rendering Use parallel projection When checked a parallel camera projection matrix is used for rendering When a parallel orthographic projection is used objects do not appear smaller as they move farther away When this option is not checked a perspective camera projection is used which is more similar to the way our eyes see the world Use triangle strips When checked all triangles will be converted to triangle strips before rendering This may improve your rendering performance since less information needs to be passed to the graphics board with triangle strips The image rendered with triangle strips i e box is checked will not necessarily be the same as the one rendered with triangles i e box is unchecked especially when flat shading is employed Use immediate mode rendering When checked no display lists will be generated and the data object will be traversed and rendered for each frame When unchecked a display list will be generated for the primitives When an object does not change frequently using display
68. ge Data Rectilinear Grid Structured Grid NOAA triangle strips SE A Fa LA ARK N A Ae e e N NS X NN T aN N LA AN S 3 IN N AC INN x X N AZ N V a A 9 7 GS 7 N j IN O i s Nf NIN INIA EKSIN NINAS a a SES NNI JN c DOS y y SIN IN Y LN NDS 7 y A ON EN 3 N n M ACA LN A AA ANN V VV K Y A VN Ja Z iie 4 LN X d LENIN LINDEN NJ y NL NE fs A amp Te E 53 j WAY RAIN NA N N S N Naot 7 3 n3 R NS p RATA Za pe LA NE NECNEAN c NC EVE Y f j NINO NN NI DN VN A 7 C QW N n i AN JN CN N K AR f N A A A UNI A Ya R IS ERE S NU NON A N NA SARAAARADRANE mA RINIA MN AUUNUNAS gt EN INA FEAET o A UNIX DOG HOEK Ne E LO NN y zd Ey PANINI LA A gt xd ENS 0 PRAY ANAND UZ NL LACAN 7 A A EN 7 AN N A CA e CN f X MN NL OX j c V A r LEN NENA Figure 7 ParaView data types 2 4 ParaView Session Files Using the Load Session option from the File menu will cause the Load Script dialog box to pop up Using this dialog you can select a ParaView Session file to load These session files will have a pvs extension There are two types of session files 17 Session State These file
69. ge the Radius to 0 3 and the Number of Points to 10 Next position the center of the point cloud at approximately 0 54 0 28 0 55 by typing in the entry boxes You can also move the point widget by clicking on one of the axis and dragging This point is near the stagnation point on the plate fin juncture Click Accept The Point Cloud seed source will create 10 points randomly placed in a sphere of radius 0 3 centered at the position of the point widget To view the structure in the juncture region more closely move the camera near the center of the point cloud ParaView provides a few tools to make the placement of the camera in 3D easier 4 Add Tubes Unshaded polylines are not the best way to visualize streamlines in 3D Adding some thickness and shading can make it much easier to comprehend the three dimensional structure of the flow field This can be done by using either the tube or the ribbon filter The tube filter generates tubes around input lines whereas the ribbon filter generates oriented ribbons from the input lines In this tutorial we will use the tube filter First 62 ParaView User s Guide make sure that the streamline filter s output is the active data Click on StreamO in the Selection Window or choose StreamO from the Select menu Next create a tube filter by selecting Tube from the Filter menu Set the Number of Sides parameter to 8 and Radius to 0 03 Click Accept You can change the color mapping by selec
70. he number of glyphs to be created The Glyph filter can be accessed through the Toolbar 4 19Linear Extrusion The Linear Extrusion filter is a modeling filter that takes polygonal data as input and generates polygonal data on output The input data set is swept according to some extrusion function and creates new polygonal primitives These primitives form a skirt or swept surface For example sweeping a line results in a quadrilateral and sweeping a triangle creates a wedge There are a number of control parameters for this filter You can control whether the sweep of a 2D object i e polygon or triangle strip is capped with the generating geometry Also you can specify a vector for the direction of extrusion The amount of extrusion is controlled by the scale factor The skirt is generated by locating certain topological features Free edges edges of polygons or triangle strips only used by one polygon or triangle strips generate surfaces This is true also of lines or polylines Vertices generate lines 33 This filter can be used to create 3D fonts and 3D irregular bar charts or to model 2 1 2D objects like punched plates It also can be used to create solid objects from 2D polygonal meshes oome polygonal objects have no free edges e g sphere When swept this will result in two separate surfaces if capping is on or no surface if capping is off 4 20Loop Subdivision The Loop Subdivision filter is an approximating su
71. ial assumes that you have not performed any actions before following the tutorial steps Otherwise the names of the modules created might vary For instructions on how to start ParaView see section 1 2 2 Starting ParaView In this example we will use a PLOTSD file For more information on file types supported by ParaView see section 2 3 Data Types The PLOTSD format stores the geometry structured grid and the attributes in separate files First open the geometry file by selecting File Open from the menu bar navigating to the folder in which the tutorial data files are located choosing comb xyz in the file selection dialog and clicking Open The tutorial data files are available in the Download section of the ParaView web site You should now see the parameters page for a new PLOTSD reader Parameters Mame PloE3D 0 Class viKPLOT3SDReader Label comb xvz o O File Browse Timesteps Binary Iv Multi black Fortran byte count I blanking 2D geometry Force read P Byte order big endian Figure 16 PLOT3D reader parameters 64 ParaView User s Guide So far a few of the items on the Parameters page have been introduced as they were needed Here is a more detailed explanation of each of the items e Name ParaView assigns a unique name to each reader source and filter This name is used by various ParaView components include the Select menu and the Selection window when Show source s
72. ier for this object The class indicates the type of VTK Accept Reset Delete b bo Mame Spherel Class vtkSphereSource object The name of the object in Center the Selection Navigation Radius 0 5 Window can sd d M Theta Resolution 5 typing a new label in the tex E entry box A brief description of Start Theta 1 p the source is given below the End Theta L1 sea label Below the Accept Reset Phi Resolution E and Delete buttons are the Start Phi HH 3 lo parameters specific to this type ROM Lilie of source EST The Accept button is used to create the source and to accept any future parameter changes that you make Changing a value such as the radius of the sphere will have no effect until the Accept button in pressed Note that the Accept button will turn green to indicate that something has changed requiring the source to update The Reset button 18 ParaView User s Guide can be used to reset all parameters back to the values used during the last update or the default values if the source has not been created The Delete button can be used to delete this source only if it is not used as input to a filter If the Delete button is disabled it indicates that a filter relies on the output of this source and therefore this source cannot be deleted until after the filter using its output is deleted The remaining sections in this chapter of the ParaView User s Guide wil
73. implest ParaView execution mode is single processor stand alone 1 2 2 1 On Unix If it was installed in a directory that is currently in your search path PATH or path you can invoke ParaView from the command line with paraview If this fails you will have to either modify your search path or invoke ParaView by specifying the full path of the executable For example if the installation path is usr local bin the following will launch the application usr local bin paraview ParaView recognizes many command line arguments For a list of available arguments invoke ParaView with the help option A complete list of command line arguments and their descriptions is contained later in this user s guide 1 2 2 2 On Windows otart ParaView by selecting Programs ParaView 1 6 paraview from the Start menu ParaView User s Guide After starting ParaView you can play the demo for a visual introduction to some of the capabilities of the application To start the demo select Play Demo from the Help menu 1 3 Terms and Concepts Because ParaView uses the Visualization Toolkit as the data processing engine under the hood this document contains a few visualization concepts borrowed from VTK The most important of these are Object An abstraction that models the state and behavior of entities in a system Data Object An object that is an abstraction of data For example when loaded the contents of a Plot3D file is repr
74. ion axes widget The outline makes it easier to find the edges of the 3D widget to resize it 7 8 Standard Views The Views t be to Epid Ue X reset the camera to view the scene from a particular viewing direction This area is ES A z located on the Camera tab of the 3D View F Properties property sheet which can be EIE accessed through the View menu on the main Menu Bar The Standard Views area contains six buttons as shown on the right which can be used to reset the camera so that all of the visible data objects are within the viewing frustum and the camera direction of projection lies along the indicated axis This is different than the reset camera button located in the Toolbar which does not change the direction of projection 7 9 Stored Camera Positions The Stored Camera Positions area can be used to 5tered camera positions X store and retrieve up to six camera viewing I positions and is located on the Camera tab of the 3D View Properties property sheet This property sheet can be accessed through the View menu on Empty Empty 4 the main Menu Bar In the example shown on the right you can see that three camera positions have been saved and three buttons are still empty To store the current camera parameters in one of the six locations right click on that button To retrieve the saved position left click on the button 7 102D 3D Camera Controls There are two types of camera interaction m
75. irection from the origin or three lines crossing at the origin drawn in both the positive and negative directions The origin and scale of the axes can be changed through the parameters The axes can be translated rotated and scaled using the Actor control area of the Display tab for this source and it can be interactively positioned using the Move operation of the camera The object created by this source is a vtkAxes object and the output of this source is vtkPolyData The output polydata has a scalar per line 20 ParaView User s Guide so that the lines can be colored The output polydata also has normals defined An example of an axes source is given below The Axes source has the following parameters Scale By default the axes lines have a length of 1 or if the symmetric option is selected a length of 1 in each direction for a total length of 2 This value can be changed to make the axes bigger or smaller Origin These entry boxes can be used to change the origin of the axes The origin of the axes is at 0 0 0 by default Symmetric When the symmetric option is selected the axes extend along each of the positive and negative directions for a distance equal to the scale value When unchecked the default the axes extend only in the positive direction Note that by default the axes will appear to change color as you rotate To display the axes in solid color lines use the Display Style area on the Display tab and change the
76. is filter to work DES e 42 The Extract VOI filter allows you to extract a sub grid from an input structured data object The minimum and maximum extents of the volume of interest in X ParaView User s Guide Y and Z can be specified along with a sampling rate Sampling rates greater than one will subsample the data 6 4 Center Of Rotation Controls The last four buttons in the Toolbar can be used to control the center of rotation The appearance of this region of the Toolbar will depend on the state of the buttons One possible configuration is shown below C O C G Using these buttons you can pick or reset the center of rotation show or hide the marker and edit the center of rotation coordinate values manually These operations are explained below a This button can be used to interactively pick the center of rotation After pressing E this button the next mouse click in the Display Area will pick the new center of rotation The location of the center of rotation will be based on the data found under the mouse position This button can be used to reset the center of rotation to be the center of the C5 currently active data object This is a useful operation to perform when you want to rotate around a particular data object to view it from all directions This button has two possible appearances based on the mode When the button looks like the one shown on the left with a dot in the center the center of rotatio
77. l be used between these end points The resolution of the color map can be set to any value between 2 and 256 This number indicates how many colors are in the map When the array used to color by is a vector the Vector region appears You can select a component or magnitude to color by using these dropdown menus The bottom region of this property sheet contains controls for customizing the scalar bar You can toggle the visibility change the title and adjust the formatting for the tick labels In addition you can set the color font family attributes bold italic and shadow and the opacity of each text item For convenience the last button in the row will copy the properties from the other item For example if you customize the Title text then want 92 ParaView User s Guide to copy the specification of this text to the labels press the e button at the end of the text customization buttons in the Labels area Pressing the Back button will return you to the Display tab of the data object s property sheet 8 4 Display Style On the Display tab of the property sheet i i Display style at associated with a data object in ParaView E EM you will find a Display style region similar Presentation Suae to the one shown in the image on the interpolation Gouraud right In this area you can change the o cios i representation of the data the ese _ interpolation method and the size of Fs points and
78. l cover several of the source objects available in ParaView 3 2 3D Text The 3D Text source can be used to add polygonal text into the 3D scene By default the text will have an origin of 0 0 0 and will lie on the z 0 plane The text can be translated rotated and scaled using the Actor control area of the Display tab for this source and it can be interactively positioned using the Move operation of the camera The object created by this source is a vtkVectorText object and the output of this source is vtkPolyData An example of 3D Text is given below over The 3D Text source has only one parameter Text Enter the text string in this entry box Besides the ASCII alphanumeric characters a z A Z 0 9 this source also supports ASCII punctuation marks 3 3 Arrow The Arrow source can be used to add a polygonal arrow to the 3D scene The arrow consists of a cylinder for the shaft and a cone for the tip By default the arrow has an origin at 0 0 0 has a length of 1 0 and is pointing along the positive x axis The arrow can be translated rotated and scaled using the Actor control area of the Display tab for this source and it can be interactively positioned using the Move operation of the camera The object created by this source is a vtkArrowSource object and the output of this source is vtkPolyData An example of an Arrow source is given below 19 The Arrow source has the following parameters Tip resolution This i
79. lane boolean is set true then the z value is considered to be a scalar value still scaled by scale factor and the displacement is along the z axis If scalars are also present these are copied through and can be used to color the surface Note that the filter passes both its point data and cell data to its output except for normals since these are distorted by the warping 4 41 Warp vector The Warp vector filter moves data points along a vector direction After specifying the vector field to use and the displacement distance a new data object will be created by displacing each point by the specified distance along the specified vector The Warp vector filter is accessible from the Toolbar 5 Selection and Navigation 5 1 Overview The Selection Navigation Window is displayed on the top portion of the Left Panel when data has been loaded or created in ParaView the Left Panel is not hidden and a 38 ParaView User s Guide Source or Filter property sheet is currently u Selection Window displayed in the Left Panel The Selection Sphere Navigation Window will appear similar to the canet example shown on the right qp FeatureEdges m co The title of the Selection Navigation Window a THO and the status of the two radio buttons indicate the current mode In the example above the first radio button showing a list is depressed and the title of the window is Selection Window The Selection Window present
80. line filter except that it generates lines only in the corners of the outline 4 24Point Data to Cell Data The Point Data to Cell Data filter transforms point data i e data specified per point into cell data i e data specified per cell The method of transformation is based on 34 ParaView User s Guide averaging the data values of all points defining a particular cell Optionally the input point data can be passed through to the output as well 4 25Probe The Probe filter allows you to probe a data object at a point or along a line When probing with a point you can interactively position the probe location and view attributes at this location When probing with a line a line interaction widget can be used to specify the line end points and a plot of the attributes along this line is plotted The Probe filter can be accessed through the Toolbar 4 26 Quadric Clustering The Quadric Clustering filter can be used to reduce the number of triangles in a triangle mesh forming a good approximation to the original geometry The input to vtkQuadricClustering is a vtkPolyData object and all types of polygonal data are handled The algorithm used is the one described by Peter Lindstrom in his Siggraph 2000 paper Out of Core Simplification of Large Polygonal Models The general approach of the algorithm is to cluster vertices in a uniform binning of space accumulating the quadric of each triangle pushed out to the triangles verti
81. low the Selection Navigation Window Keep in mind that an item in the list represents the object used to read create it the reader the source or the filter the data object created by that object the output of the reader source or filter and the objects involved in displaying the data the mapper the actor and the property From the property sheet you can access parameters of each of these objects associated with that list item For example selecting Cone1 from the list will display the property sheet with the cone source parameters on the Parameters tab information about the output of the cone source on the Information tab and properties of the actor mapper and property objects used to display the data e g position orientation color representation style shading type and color map options on the Display tab 39 5 3 Navigation Window The second icon button in the Selection 42 Navigation Window Navigation Window is used to set the mode to Navigation Window In the Sic Lemma image on the right you can see that this ExtractEdigesD button which looks like a small graph diagram is depressed and the title of the window is Navigation Window A graphical representation of the portion of the pipeline diagram directly connected to the selected item will be displayed In the example above three filters have been applied to a sphere source The Sphere1 item is shown in black indicating that it is the currently activ
82. lution to this problem is implementation dependent and usually involves changing the setting of the service responsible for starting processes and sometimes recompiling the service obviously not an option if no source code is available 1 7 Check for Updates ParaView users can stay up to date with new releases of ParaView by visiting the Download section of the ParaView web site 1 8 ParaView Support A searchable list of Frequently Asked Questions FAQ and the corresponding answers is available here http www paraview org cgi bin paraviewfag This is the first place you should look if you have a question or encounter a problem 13 The ParaView mailing list is the principal means of communication among users and developers Please go to http www paraview org mailman listinfo paraview to subscribe to the list Instructions are given to receive an archive version of the list as well as to manage and unsubscribe from the list Many developers and users of ParaView are subscribed to the list so it is a good resource for questions that cannot be answered using the ParaView FAQ Commercial support is also available for ParaView Contact Kitware at 518 371 3971 or kitware kitware com for more information 2 Loading Data 2 1 Overview There are several ways to load data into ParaView One method is to use the Open Data option from the File menu on the Menu Bar to specify a data file Details on this method including the supported da
83. mera so that all visible items will be in the viewing frustum The current viewing direction will be maintained but the camera and focal point will be translated and the zoom factor will be adjusted so that all visible objects are in the view frustum Items may still be hidden by another object nearer to the camera The 3D interaction mode can be selected using the second button in the Toolbar Generally the difference between 2D and 3D interaction is that 3D interaction allows rotation while 2D interaction allows only translation panning A rotation arrow is used to indicate the 3D interaction mode Details of the 3D interaction mode can be found in the Camera Controls section of the 3D View Properties chapter The 2D interaction mode can be selected using the third button in the Toolbar An XY translation arrow is used to indicate the 2D interaction mode Details of the 2D interaction mode can be found in the Camera Controls section of the 3D View Properties chapter 6 3 Toolbar Filters The second group of buttons contains ten commonly used filters Some of these filters can only be applied to certain types of data and therefore not all buttons will be enabled at all times Filters that cannot be applied because the active data object is an incompatible input will have the corresponding shortcut button disabled and will appear grayed out When the active data object is polygonal and has point scalars the filter shortcuts on the Toolb
84. most common ParaView User s Guide 1 4 6 Add a bounding box In this step we are going to add a filter to the pipeline Select the Outline item from the Filter menu on the Menu Bar After you do this you will see the Outline property sheet appear in the Left Panel As with sources you need to click the Accept button to actually add this filter to the pipeline Once you do this you will see an outline box surrounding the sphere You will also notice that in there are now two items listed in the Selection Window Sphere1 and OutlineO Both items are visible so an open eye is shown to the left of each Because the OutlineO object is the active data object it is highlighted in yellow and if another filter is added it will be connected to this data object Use the Display tab for OutlineO to change the color of the line by clicking on the Actor Color button in the Color region You can also change the thickness of the line using the Line Width thumb wheel that can be accessed by clicking on the small triangle to the right of the text entry box or by typing a number directly in the box To access the properties of the Sphere1 object you can either click on Sphere1 in the oelection Window or select this item from the Select menu on the Menu Bar This will cause Sphere to be the currently active object and the Sphere1 property sheet will be displayed Using the Display tab change the sphere back to a surface representation The image you have
85. n be applied to cell scalars or point scalars You can select whether all point scalars of a cell must meet fall within the threshold range in order to be included in the output or if just one is sufficient The Contour filter can be used to generate isosurfaces from three dimensional data or isolines from two dimensional data A set of scalar values can be specified to extract more than one contour at a time New normals gradients and scalars can be optionally generated The Glyph filter will create a glyph at each point in the input data object The glyph can be a cone a sphere a line an arrow or a 2D glyph The glyph can be oriented according to a vector in the input data object and scaled according to a scalar the vector magnitude or vector components The Probe filter allows you to probe a data object at a point or along a line When probing with a point you can interactively position the probe location and view attributes at this location When probing with a line a line interaction widget can be used to specify the line end points and a plot of the attributes along this line is displayed The Stream Trace filter will generate stream traces from a set of seed points The seed points can be generated as random points within a sphere or as evenly spaced points along a line The center of the sphere and the end points of the line can be specified interactively The input data object must have a vector field in order for th
86. n marker is currently visible as red green and yellow lines that cross at the center of rotation coordinate location Pressing this button will cause two things to happen First the center of rotation marker will become invisible Second this button s appearance will change to mach the one shown in the Toolbar at the beginning of this section without a dot in the center Pressing the button now will once again show the center of rotation marker and toggle the appearance of this button rotation By default it will appear as shown in the xPo gso voi zfios CE Toolbar above with a small right facing arrow in the corner Pressing this button will lead to the interface seen on the right where the current center of rotation coordinate is displayed and can be edited using the text entry boxes The button now has a left facing arrow and when pressed will hide the text entry boxes again This button can be used to manually edit the center of 7 3D View Properties 7 1 Overview The 3D View Properties option under the View menu on the main Menu Bar can be used to access the property sheet that contains the user interface for controlling the camera setting the background color setting advanced rendering and level of detail 43 parameters adding text annotation to the Display Area tware Paria and controlling the orientation axes This property sheet Fie Edit view Select Source Fill contains three tabs General Annotate a
87. n the right Figure 3 Surface vs Wireframe 1 4 4 Change the resolution We will now change the resolution of the sphere Go to the Parameters tab on the property sheet shown in the Left Panel There are two resolution parameters Theta Resolution and Phi Resolution each of which has a default value of 8 You can see from the silhouette of the spheres shown above that there are eight segments defining the sphere Change both of these resolution values to 12 You will see that the Accept button changes to green indicating that the displayed object is out of date with respect to the parameters in the user interface Press the Accept button to see the result of this resolution change You should see a sphere similar to the one shown on the right This sphere contains more polygons that the previous one and provides a closer approximation of an actual sphere Note that changing the values and pressing the Accept button did not generate a new data object it simply replaced the existing one If you have changed some parameters and the Accept button is highlighted in green but you decide that you would like to cancel this change simply press the Reset button This will restore the values previously used to generate the data or the default values if the data has not yet been generated 1 4 5 Interact with the sphere Using various mouse and kevb d bi Camera Control for 3D Movements t X n
88. ncconnnoconnnonanononacnnonannnnnnenonnncnonnns interact wit The O unida aia Table Of Contents 4 A 22 O ee ee e EN AN 23 S NOE IDO Rte 24 IAO PaE A a e e a ES 25 Sad SONO een eee aaa a T 26 S2 Mac A eR E 27 SO WNE saver tentes 28 PO m 29 4 1 DU s ee eee A e e e e tr te EE 29 a S MEME Sets RE 30 43 Seltenes ee oe ee een pu Icd LR CLR DR LM Lcd idee 30 AA Cell Data to Point Data sse ette ere oed lada 30 ME RT 30 O A aa aera eee eee ee ee eee eee 30 d OTANI sete e Pon cere te eee ate c eee eee ees 31 Y MEME oU UU NH 31 Z9 OOO a UU E EL LL 31 AO dioss 31 Ae AR 31 Ae O A II M RI LM E MALE ML AME 32 4 13 Extract Edesa dd dis 32 4 14 Exact llfdeb soe e d to ds eet Ra ea ee ele de d 32 415 Exact Gd Bee en ae eR eee ane LM NI A EM MEL UA EE ELE 32 4 16 Feal re EdOOS suut oii ti esi mm id utin E tin aac AAA A 32 AVL Notmals TENEN a c ea a eo aa Ue oa RO a REUS 33 Aili C RR 33 AAG LinearExirslOlis cesicesteseecstesE es tesE ce PEEI X AE 33 B20 SOO IIS sae tnt a o e 34 AE Mask PONS ceccus ENS 34 A22 OUG NR LIT m 34 4 23 Outline COMES score bte nes en tdi 34 424 Point Data to Cell Dalai eiie id etd fet 34 A 29 I oo MR Em 35 4 26 Quadi GIusterilig rn ies 35 dor im eel lS consumit cata mEMIM C EIE EOM EI MEDIUM I UD S E MI 35 dag quelle ciao E IS antes ai et ete abe DLE OD ETE 36 A29 RIOBOO ER NOU O m 36 4 30 Fotdlional EXT Mita 36 A en MM din 36 T
89. nd Camera The DE POE next four sections cover the controls found on the General 7 H tab the following two sections cover the Annotate tab gt a vw Source and the final four sections describe the parameters pse Animation available on the Camera tab q r o s O ExtractvOl0 7 2 Background Color A button for selecting the background color of the Display Area is provided on the General Tab of the 3D View Properties property sheet This area of the interface appears as shown below Colors X Set Background Color F Press the button to display a dialog from which you can specify a new background color This dialog is platform specific and may appear similar to the one shown below on Windows platforms Background Color 5 colors Custom colors See eee ee FP Hue 1152 m EENMEEEMEN ee 04 Sat E Green 83 Define Custom Colors gt gt ColorlS alid Lun m Blue hos When a new background color is selected this information is saved in a ParaView registry file This registry file is consulted on start up therefore the background color you select will remain the same even if you close ParaView and restart it Changing the background to white is often useful before printing an image 7 3 Advanced Render Parameters A set of advanced rendering options are provided on the General tab of the 3D View Properties property sheet This area of the inter
90. nged on a regular rectangular lattice The rows columns and planes of the lattice are parallel to the global x y z coordinate system Rectilinear Grid non uniform rectilinear grid The rectilinear dataset is a collection of points and cells arranged on a regular lattice The rows columns and planes of the 16 ParaView User s Guide lattice are parallel to the global x y z coordinate system While the topology of the dataset is regular the geometry is only partially regular That is the points are aligned along the coordinate axes but spacing between points may vary Structured Grid curvilinear grid A structured grid is a dataset with regular topology and irregular geometry The grid may be warped into any configuration in which the cells do not overlap or intersect The topology of the structured grid is represented implicitly by specifying a 3 vector of dimensions nx ny nz The geometry is explicitly represented by maintaining an array of point coordinates Unstructured Grid The most general form of dataset is the unstructured grid Both the topology and geometry are completely unstructured Cells of any type can be combined in arbitrary combinations in an unstructured grid Polygonal Data Polygonal data is a collection of geometric primitives usually used by the rendering engine to generate the images displayed in the Display Area The polygonal dataset consists of vertices polyvertices lines polylines polygons and Ima
91. ny data arrays scalars vectors etc Therefore filters that require data arrays like Array Calculator Warp Threshold and Contour are disabled To load the attributes click on the Browse button next to the Q File parameter select comb q in the file selection dialog and click Open Click Accept to load the attributes file Notice that all the toolbar buttons are now enabled 2 Create an Isosurface Next we will extract a density isosurface by using the contour filter You can CN either use the contour button on the toolbar or choose Filter Contour to create a contour filter By default the contour filter is created with an empty list of contour values The parameter page should now look like this Scalars Density Scalar Range 0 197813 to 0 710419 Contour Values Delete Delete All all Add value Mew Value 0 45412 Add Generate range of values Number of values h Generate Range fo 19781 LL lo 71082 Compute Normals Compute Gradients Compute Scalars Figure 17 Contour Properties page Here the first parameter widget allows the user to choose which array to use in creating the isosurface Any one component array can be used to create isosurfaces If you click on the Scalars selection widget you can see that the available arrays are Density and otagnationEnergy Next the range of the currently selected array is shown You can add isosurface values by using the Add Value
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93. odes available in ParaView 2D interaction and 3D interaction These two modes allow you to customize the mouse operations for how you want to interact in 2D perhaps when viewing an image versus how you would like to interact with objects in 3D and to choose between these two modes during a ParaView session The control for switching between the two modes is provided with the second two buttons on the Toolbar Empty O 48 ParaView User s Guide Two interface regions are provided on the Camera tab of the 3D View Properties property sheet for customizing the mouse interaction in each of the possible modes You can access this area of the interface by selecting 3D View Properties from the View menu on the main Menu Bar The 2D and 3D regions appear similar to those shown below Camera Control for ZD Movements X Left Button Middle Button Right Button Pan Pan Zoom shift Foll Pan Par Control Pan Pan Par Camera Control for 3D Movements Left Button Middle Button Right Button Rotate Pan zoom l Shift X Rall Rotate Pani A Control Flyin Rotate Fly The Camera Control for 2D Movements area contains a subset of the possible interaction styles that can be associated with key mouse combinations in the 3D movements area All of the interaction styles are described below Pan The mouse motion will translate the camera in the view plane X and
94. on is guaranteed compatible as long as the dataset is either zero one or two dimensional it works for a three dimensional data set if all cells in the 3D data set are convex with planar facets 3 4 38Triangulate The Triangulate filter generates triangles from input polygons and triangle strips If requested the filter also will pass through vertices and lines 4 39 Tube The Tube filter is a filter that generates a tube around each input line The tubes are made up of triangle strips and rotate around the tube with the rotation of the line normals If no normals are present they are computed automatically The radius of the tube can be set to vary with scalar or vector value If the radius varies with scalar value the radius is linearly adjusted If the radius varies with vector value a mass flux preserving variation is used The number of sides for the tube also can be specified and the user has the option of whether to cap the tube 4 40Warp scalar vtkWarpScalar is a filter that modifies point coordinates by moving points along point normals by an amount equal to the scalar value at that point times the scale factor This is useful for creating carpet or x y z plots If normals are not present in the data the Normal instance variable will be used as the direction along which to warp the geometry If normals are present but you would like to use the Normal instance variable set the Use normal boolean to true If the X Y p
95. other extract filter by clicking on its icon on the toolbar Set the minimum and the maximum of J in the VOI 60 ParaView User s Guide section to O by either typing in the entry box or using the sliders Click Accept ParaView should now look like this Pd Kitware ParaView ile Edit Ack OF BO Ov weve IGG D bluntfin vts ExtractGridO ExtractGrid1 UParaView Pape MA Figure 12 Second sub grid 3 Create Streamlines E Next we will add some streamlines First make sure that the 3D structured grid is the active data Click on bluntfin vts in the Selection Window Then create a otream Tracer filter by clicking on the Stream Tracer icon on the toolbar The Stream Tracer filter has more complicated properties than previously encountered The most important of these is the seed property This property has two components The first one is displayed on the property page and allows you to modify the settings of the seed s textually The second one is shown in the Display Area and allows you to modify the settings of the seed s interactively To better see the point widget in the Display Area you can turn off the visibility of the first sub grid by clicking on the eye icon next to ExtractGridO in the Selection Window Number of Points fi x y z Position s 27323 la 16378 2 86213 Set Point Position to Center of Bounds v Visibility The property page component of the seed The 3D
96. ove operation of the camera The object created by this source is a vtkCylinderSource object and the output of this source 22 ParaView User s Guide is vtkPolyData The output polydata has normals and texture coordinates defined An example of a cylinder source is given on the right The Cylinder source has the following parameters Resolution This value indicates the number of divisions around the cylinder The higher this number the closer the polygonal approximate will come to representing a cylinder and the more polygons it will contain The default resolution is 6 Radius This is the radius of the cylinder The default value is 0 5 Height This is the height of the cylinder The default value is 1 0 Center These three values represent the coordinate value at the center of the cylinder By default the cylinder is centered on 0 0 0 Capping This check box indicates whether the cylinder is capped the default or open If the cylinder is capped there are two N sided polygons closing off the cylinder where N is the resolution 3 8 Line The Line source can be used to interactively or manually add a line to the 3D scene The two end points of the line the resolution of the line and the visibility of the interaction widget can be changed used the property sheet In addition the two end points can be specified using the interaction widget The line can be translated rotated and scaled using the Actor control area of
97. ow the main Menu Bar of ParaView is the Toolbar providing access to some of the most common operations An example of the Toolbar is shown below The appearance of the Toolbar will change based on Toolbar Settings that can be found on the Application Settings property sheet In the below example these settings indicate a flat frame and flat buttons ACK OP BORE 44 sde Figure 8 ParaView Toolbar 40 ParaView User s Guide Based on the current state of ParaView i e the type of the current data object if at least one data object has been loaded or created some of these buttons may be disabled For example in the above image the last filter button is grayed out indicating that it is disabled This filter extracts a subgrid from structured data and the currently active data object is polygonal an unstructured data type The first three buttons in the toolbar control some common camera operations and are covered in the next section The next ten buttons represent some common filters and are covered in the Toolbar Filters section The final four buttons control the center of rotation and are covered in the last section of this chapter 6 2 Camera Controls The first three buttons in the toolbar as shown on the right control the camera The first button resets the view The other two can be used to switch between 3D and 2D interaction modes These are described in more detail below The reset button can be used to reset the ca
98. perations the Move interaction style changes the position of the data object instead of the position of the camera 7 11Camera Control In addition to controlling how the Camera Control x camera behaves because of Apply Elevation In degrees mouse movement the user can also directly change the elevation Apply Azimuth degrees azimuth and roll of the camera Appl Roll fo degrees The interface for doing this is found on the Camera tab of the 3D View Properties property sheet available through the View menu on the main Menu Bar This interface appears similar to the one on the right Pressing any one of the buttons Apply Elevation Apply Azimuth and Apply Roll moves the camera in the specified manner by the number of degrees in the entry box to the right of the button pressed Pressing one of these buttons repeatedly will incrementally move the camera by the specified number of degrees e g if you enter 30 in the entry box beside the Apply Elevation button the first time you press the button the elevation will change by 30 degrees and the second time it will change by 30 more degrees a total of 60 degrees 8 Display Properties 8 1 Overview When a data object is created by loading data creating a source or applying a filter a property sheet is associated with that data object To view this property sheet select the data object from the list of objects in the Select menu on the main Menu Bar or select the item
99. r extracts the largest connected region in the data set 4 8 Contour The Contour filter can be used to generate isosurfaces from three dimensional data or isolines from two dimensional data A set of scalar values can be specified to extract more than one contour at a time New normals gradients and scalars can be optionally generated The Contour filter is available on the Toolbar 4 9 Crop This filter will extract a volume area of interest out of a larger structured data set 4 10Cut The Cut filter can be used to cut a data object with a plane or a sphere This will usually decrease the dimensionality of the data object being cut For example cutting a sphere with a plane may produce a circle An interactive widget can be used for placing the plane or sphere and a set of offset distances can be specified to perform more than one cut at a time The Cut filter is available on the Toolbar 4 11 Decimate The Decimate filter can be used to reduce the number of triangles in a triangle mesh while still maintaining a good approximation to the original geometry The input to vtkDecimatePro is a vtkPolyData object and only triangles are treated If you desire to decimate polygonal meshes first triangulate the polygons with vtkTriangleFilter object using the Triangulate entry in the Filter menu The implementation of vtkDecimatePro is similar to the algorithm originally described in Decimation of Triangle Meshes Proceedings of
100. raView oee section 1 2 2 Starting ParaView for instructions on launching the ParaView application 1 4 2 Create a sphere ParaView starts with an empty scene At this point you can either load data or create a source In this example we will create a sphere source using the oource menu in the Menu Bar as shown on the right Pl Kitware ParaView File Edit view ROK Box Colors CTHFractal c Cone 5E Cylinder Window 2D Glyph 30 Text Once you select the Sphere item the Left Panel will Arrow change to display the Selection Window on top and General annotate c 95 the Property Sheet for the sphere source on the bottom As shown below the Accept button on this property sheet will be highlighted in green indicating ER i Advanced Render Pa Ine that the data object created by this source is out of date In this case it has not yet been created Press the Accept button to create the sphere You will see a white sphere appear in the Display Mandelbrot Use parallel projectic Maze Use triangle strips Plane Iv Use immediate made Superquadric LOD Parameters Wavelet iz 13 Selection Window For users qp Spheret who are familiar with VIK here are the details of what has happened A vtkSphereSource was created and the parameters of this object are presented to Parameters Name Spherel you in the property sheet When you first Class vtksphereSource create the vtkSpher
101. rawn in wireframe is given on the right In this example the resolution was set to 10 in X and 10 in Y leading to the 100 subdivisions that you see in the example image The Plane source has the following parameters Origin The origin is the location of one of the corners of the parallelogram First Point This coordinate represents the location of a second corner of the parallelogram One edge of the parallelogram will be the line connecting the origin with this first point and this will be considered the X axis of the parallelogram 25 Second Point This coordinate represents the location of a third corner of the parallelogram One edge of the parallelogram will be the line connecting the origin with this second point and this will be considered the Y axis of the parallelogram X Resolution This is the number of divisions along the X axis of the parallelogram By default this value is 1 Y Resolution This is the number of divisions along the Y axis of the parallelogram By default this value is 1 3 11Sphere The Sphere source can be used to add a polygonal sphere to the 3D scene The center and radius of the sphere the resolution of the polygonal approximation and the starting ending angles can be changed used the property sheet The sphere can be translated rotated and scaled using the Actor control area of the Display tab for this source and it can be interactively positioned using the Move operation of the camera The
102. re the animation next make sure that the Display 70 ParaView User s Guide Area is not covered by another window and finally click on Save Images ParaView will run the animation and save an image file for each frame Some of the frames from this section s exercise are displayed below EBENEN Figure 23 8 frames from the animation This concludes the third tutorial You can now exit ParaView by either selecting File Exit or closing the window 71
103. reader produces polygonal data output XDMF Files The eXtensible Data Model and Format XDMF is an active common data hub used to pass values and metadata in a standard fashion between application modules http www arl hpc mil ice These files will have an xmf extension This format supports rectilinear and unstructured grids Raw Binary Files ParaView supports reading raw regular rectilinear grid data from a file Exodus Files ParaView can read Exodusll files The expected file extension is ex2 SAF Files ParaView can read SAF files The SAF reader produces image rectilinear grid and unstructured grid output AVS UCD Files ParaView can read binary or ASCII files stored in AVS UCD format The output of the AVS UCD reader is of type unstructured grid Meta Image Data Files ParaView can read UNC meta image data This reader produces image data output Gaussian Cube Files This is the file format used by the Gaussian software package http www gaussian com The default file extension is cube The output produced is polygonal Support for other file formats can be added by either writing a simple XML configuration file if the VTK reader already exists or by first implementing a VTK reader in C and then adding it to the XML file for ParaView readers 2 3 Data Types The data types supported by ParaView are Image Data uniform rectilinear grid or volume An image dataset is a collection of points and cells arra
104. resolution is 8 26 ParaView User s Guide Start Phi To form a complete sphere the start phi should be O and the end phi should be 180 The start phi can be adjusted to form only a portion of a sphere The default value is O End Phi he end phi value can be adjusted to form only a portion of a sphere In the example above both the end theta end phi values were reduced to leave a gap in the sphere both in the longitudinal and latitudinal directions The default end phi value is 180 3 12Superquadric The Superquadric source can be used to add a polygonal superquadric to the 3D scene The resolution in both the latitude phi and longitude theta directions can be specified Roundness parameters control the shape of the superquadric The Toroidal boolean controls whether a toroidal superquadric is produced If so the Thickness parameter controls the thickness of the toroid O is the thinnest allowable toroid and 1 has a minimum sized hole The resulting superquadric can be translated rotated and scaled using the Actor control area of the Display tab for this source and it can be interactively positioned using the Move operation of the camera The object created by this source is a vtkSuperquadricSource object and the output of this source is vtkPolyData The output polydata has point normals and texture coordinates defined Four example superquadric objects are given below Note that this is a powerful source object in that it can be us
105. s a list of all data objects in ParaView allowing you to select the active one and view control the visibility of each data object If the second radio button showing a pipeline diagram is depressed the title will be Navigation Window The Navigation Window presents a piece of the pipeline diagram for the current data objects and allows you to select the active one These two types of windows are covered in more detail in the next two sections 5 2 Selection Window The first icon button in the Selection Navigation 13 Selection window Window is used to set the mode to Selection Window In the image on the right you can see Y Lonel that this button which looks like a list is ILE depressed and the title of the window is i Selection Window In this mode you will see a list of data objects and an eye icon to the left indicating the visibility of the object When this eye is light gray the visibility of the item has been turned off When the eye is black the visibility is on This does not necessarily mean that you will be able to see that item in the display area it may be out of the current viewing frustum or hidden by an object in front of it SQuado ap LoopSubbiva Clicking on an item in the list will make it the currently active data object You will see that item highlighted in yellow If you create a filter it will be applied to this data object In addition the property sheet for this item will be displayed be
106. s contain commands to recreate the state of ParaView at the time of the creation of the session file They do not contain information about the steps that did not contribute to the final state Session Trace These files contain the sequence of all steps that were performed in ParaView to reach the current state 3 Sources 3 1 Overview The Source menu in the ParaView Menu Bar contains a list of sources that can be added When you select an item from the list several things will occur e The property sheet for the source will be displayed On this property sheet you will see the configurable parameters of the source e he Selection Navigation Window will be displayed if it was not displayed already e The source that you are creating will be the currently active data object The source will not be created and displayed until you press the Accept button which is highlighted in green whenever a source is first created or a parameter is changed that would require updating the source If you would like to cancel the creation of the source press the Delete button To reset all the parameters back to the default values during creation or to the values they had when the Accept button was last pressed during modification press the Reset button The property sheet that is displayed when a Sphere source is created is shown on the right Label ischeret The Henne Sphere Puls alins Description 3D sphere given a center and radius identif
107. s the number of faces around the cone representing the tip of the arrow A larger number will mean a smoother cylinder but more polygons which can lead to slower rendering times The default value is 6 which is fairly coarse Tip radius This is the radius of the cone defining the tip of the arrow The length of the whole arrow is 1 0 unit By default the tip radius is 1 unit Tip length This is the length of the tip of the arrow and should be a number greater than 0 0 and less than 1 0 The total length of the arrow is 1 0 unit so if the tip length is set to 0 25 then the shaft cylinder will be 0 75 units long The default value is 0 35 Shaft resolution This is the number of faces around the cylinder representing the shaft of the arrow The default value is 6 Shaft radius This is the radius of the cylinder defining the shaft of the arrow The default value is 0 03 The output polydata from the Arrow source will not contain normals therefore rendering of the arrow will be performed using flat shading The appearance of the arrow can be improved without significantly increasing the resolution of the tip and shaft by generating normals Filter menu Normals generation 3 4 Axes The Axes source can be used to add a representation of the coordinate system axes to the 3D scene The X axis will be drawn as a blue line the Y axis as a green line and the Z axis as a red line The axes can be drawn as three lines drawn in the positive d
108. ta types are provided in the next section Another method of loading information into ParaView is to load a previously saved session file by selecting the Load Session option from the File menu Session files save all of the important state changes in ParaView into a file that can be loaded back into ParaView at a later time to re create the state of the system Session files are covered in more detail at the end of this chapter When either the Open Data or Load Session options are selected an OS specific dialog box will appear allowing you to select the file to load On Windows XP this dialog box may look similar to the example shown below Using the tools provided by the dialog you can filter for a specific data type traverse the directory structure select a file and double click or press the Open button The Cancel button on the dialog can be used to cancel the load operation Open ParaView File Look in B vtkdataold er El Al i i blow vtk E comba bin L3 blowAtkr Ek combriector 14 My Recent Document Desktop My Documents 5 My Computer 2 hy Network Places ulead _jheadsg pineRoot 3 SampledPoints vecTex Sy viewpoint 42400 IDGH stl albany w Me AttenuationArtifact pgm Aie B pam Se beach bmp AM biloard pom binary pgm File name Files af tupe All Files blewiGeom tk bluntfinq bin bluntfinxyz bin bolt Fac
109. ters 5 Save the Tubes oince the example data file used in this tutorial was small the streamline calculation took very little time and can be easily repeated without any inconvenience However as the data files become larger such calculations may take a long time In such cases it might be useful to store the result of the calculation so that it can be restored later and viewed in 3D To save the output of the tube filter select the TuberO object from the Selection Window or the Select menu and select File Save Data This will bring up a 63 oave Data selection window that is very similar to the Open Data dialog Change the path to the directory where you want your data file s stored In this case you can write the data object in five different formats ParaView Data format pvd VIK polydata format vtp legacy VTK format vtk PLY Polygonal File Format ply and XDMF format xmf This concludes the second tutorial You can now exit ParaView by either selecting File Exit or closing the window Tutorial Il Animating Isosurfaces This tutorial will introduce ParaView s animation interface It will demonstrate the use of a few ParaView filters including the isosurface clip and cut filters and show how these can be controlled by the animation editor If you are not familiar with ParaView we recommend that you read the first two tutorials before working through this example 1 Load the Data File This tutor
110. the first tutorial before working through this example 1 Load the Data File This tutorial assumes that you have not performed any actions before following the tutorial steps Otherwise the names of the modules created might vary For instructions on how to start ParaView see section 1 2 2 Starting ParaView To load the data file you will use in this tutorial select File Open Data from the Menu Bar This will launch one of the file selection dialogs shown below Open ParaView File E x Open ParaView File 2x Look in Dat ee Directory Hhomeberk Work TE Data Data in C Data 5 re Fe iCVS entropy vtk St12dD1193 vtk entropy short vtk St12dE1193 vtk faults vtk St12dP1193 vtk fieldfile vtk St12dVel1193 vtk e financial vtk supernova vtk fran_cut vtk teapot g hello vtk tetraMesh vtk ironProt vtk e texThres2 vtk e matrix vtk track1 binary vtk motor g e track2 binary vtk office binary vtk track3 binary vtk CVs blow Georn wtk E foo xyz 7 Ensight bore stk E fran cut vtk heads hot sve El hello vtk libtiff brainlImageSmonth vtk El ironProt vtk Viewpoint caffeine pdb El m4 TatalDensity cube E 42400 IDGH stl faults tk E matriz tk E blow vtk fielcfile vtk E motar g El bloweattr stk financial stk El motar tp Tod ind and Pond nnd Ford Ford ood Rid x brainImageSmooth vtk plate vtk uGridEx vtk delta vtk
111. ting a single non branching pipeline using ParaView is trivial Each new filter adds to the end of the pipeline ParaView also allows advanced users to construct navigate and modify complex branching pipelines To learn more about ParaView visit the web site http www paraview org olors x Set Background Color E L x 4 Advanced Render Parameters Menu Bar Toolbar r LOD Parameters 5 0 MBytes LOD threshold M Left Panel Display Area Status Bar died Figure 1 ParaView at startup At startup ParaView will appear as shown above There are several regions composing the user interface including the Menu Bar along the top of the application the Toolbar just below the Menu Bar the Left Panel on the left side which may contain a Property sheet and the Selection Navigation Window the Display Area on the right side and the Status Bar along the bottom edge Each of these areas is described in more detail below 1 1 1 The Menu Bar The top menu bar provides menu buttons for loading and saving data changing property sheets creating sources and filters viewing other windows displaying help and other standard functionality Each menu is described in more detail below File The File menu can be used to load and save data files load and save session files save and print images and exit the application Edit The Edit menu can be used to delete all data from the application and to copy th
112. ting the Display tab in the properties page and selecting an array from the Color by menu The ParaView window should now look like this MI Kitware ParaView B xj Eile Edit View Select Source Filter Window Help ACK OP BOVOsH He Sede FER B Parameters Display information View x Iv Data Set View to Data Scalar bar CubeAxes pC bo p Color by Point AngularVelocity IV Map Scalars Edit Color Map A oz A A AA lt gt S r Display style x Representation Surface Interpolation Gouraud Point size o Line width ho o mem T CI i ParaView Puttin OI Figure 15 Tubed streamlines You might have noticed that the filters available in the Filter menu do not always remain the same This is because the Filter menu is context sensitive and will only enable filters applicable to the current data object For example if the current object is of type structured grid the tube filter will not be active in the Filter menu since it can be only applied to polylines Similarly if the current data object does not contain any three component vectors the streamline filter will not be available Every time a new data object is created or selected ParaView modifies the availability of the filters in the filter menu by comparing the requirements of each filter to the properties of the current object and adding only applicable fil
113. uted stand alone mode 1 6 3 Unix Linux Related Issues The environment s in which ALL processes run must define the DISPLAY variable Furthermore they must have the right access to these displays With some MPI implementations it is possible to pass environmental variables to MPI processes Some MPI implementation use ssh which sets up X tunneling to allow the remote programs to create windows on the display of the system which starts the program Unless this behavior is changed all windows will show up on one display and most probably overlap Our solutions to these problems are as follows e Create a default login on all nodes which sets the necessary variables for example by creating modifying Xauthority better solution or using xhost localhost less secure solution e On each process set a DISPLAY variable which depends on where the process is running and if necessary set up authorization in a start up file which belongs to the user which starts the MPI job e g bashrc cshrc or equivalent note that login and profile are not always executed when the shell is not interactive On Unix Linux ParaView supports off screen rendering on satellite nodes via Mesa when this feature is enabled during the build process 1 6 4 Windows Related Issues In some MPI implementations the remote tasks started by the MPI system are not allowed to interact with the desktop Unless this is changed ParaView can not function The so
114. verse connection rc Have the server connect to the client 11 1 5 3 Parallel use tiled display td Duplicate the final data to all nodes and tile node displays 1 N into one large display tile dimensions x tdx tdxzX where X is number of displays in each row of the display tile dimensions y tdy tdyzY where Y is number of displays in each column of the display 1 5 4 Mesa use software rendering r Use software Mesa rendering on all nodes This supports offscreen rendering use satellite software s Use software Mesa rendering only on satellite processes This is useful when the user wants to have a window only on the first node s display This is accomplished by using this option in combination with the use offscreen rendering option Furthermore since the first node uses hardware accelerated rendering the performance is not compromised when rendering locally 1 6 Running ParaView With MPI 1 6 1 Distributed Stand Alone Mode If compiled with MPI support ParaView can be launched like any other MPI application The method for starting an MPI application is system and implementation dependent Contact your system administrator for information on how this can be done Once started the user interface will appear on the display attached to the root process process with id 0 On the displays attached to the other processes satellite processes independent render windows will appear These do not
115. w tor Data Animated Contour lipped Contour Figure 21 Navigation window showing part of the pipeline ParaView does not allow the deletion of a module if its output is used by another module To delete the contour filter first select the clip filter Clipped Contour delete it and then delete the contour filter It is also possible to delete all modules by selecting Edit Delete All Modules However since we will need the reader module in this example do not use Delete All Modules 69 6 Animate a Cut Plane In this section you will create a cut plane through the combustor dataset and move it in an animation Create a cut filter by either clicking on the Cut button on the toolbar or selecting Filter Cut Change the label to Cut plane turn off the visibility of the 3D widget by clicking on Visibility in the Cut Function property and accept all other default parameters by clicking Accept The ParaView window should look like this File Edit View Select Source Filter Window Help ACK OV USRO HA ale Navigation Window e Combustor Data gt Cut plane Parameters Display Information Mame CutO Class vtkKitwareCutter Label Cut plane escription This filter cuts a data set with a plane a contour It creates surfaces fi faces TE E u Plot3DO ounds X range 0 000 to 16 510 delta 16 510 Y range 5 662 to 5 662 delta 11 324 Z range 23 331 to 36 195 delta
116. widget or the Generate range of values widget Simply move the New Value slider or type the value in the New Value entry box and click Add To remove a value from the list select it and click Delete All the contour values can be removed from the list by clicking Delete All Start by adding a density isosurface at 0 3 Move the New Value slider to 0 3 and click Add Make sure the Compute Scalars box is checked Next click Accept Also change the label of the contour filter to Animated Contour The ParaView window should now look like this 66 ParaView User s Guide f Kitware ParaView File Edit View Select Source Filter Window Help AOX OU BORE LF L ls B Selection Window 3D View d Combustor Data O Animated Contour Parameters Display Information Mame ContourO Class vtkPVKitwareContourFilter Label Animated Contour Description Generate isolines or isosurfaces using point scalars Accept Reset Delete Plot3D0 Density 4i Scalar Range 0 197813 to 0 710419 Delete Delete All i New Value Generate range of values Number of Values Genera 11 1 te Range o 19781 lo 71042 Compute Normals Iv Compute Gradients Compute Scalars V Figure 18 First contour 3 Clip the Isosurface Because the isosurface displayed covers a large portion of the whole grid it is difficult to see some of the details at the center
117. will appear after the mouse pointer is near the parameter for a few seconds In this case you do not have to modify any PLOT3D parameter Click Accept Next change the Label to Combustor Data Make sure you press Enter after typing the new label otherwise the change will not take effect By assigning more meaningful labels you can make finding a module in the Selection window much easier especially when there are many modules You may have noticed that all the PLOT3D parameters except the Q File are now disabled The PLOT3D reader module behaves differently than other reader modules When it is first created it will allow you to set its parameters until they all match those of the file It does this by trying to read a portion of the file with the given parameters Until the file can be read the Accept button remains green This is done to inform the user that the parameters are not correct Once the file is read the parameters do not have to be modified anymore Therefore they become disabled These steps are necessary because unlike other file formats ParaView supports PLOTSD files do not contain any information about the parameters used to write them Once the file is loaded certain buttons in the toolbar will be enabled while others remain disabled This is because like the filter menu the toolbar buttons are context sensitive 65 o0 far you have only loaded the geometry file The data object that was created does not contain a
118. x range 0 487 to 0 487 delta 0 975 Y range 0 487 to 0 487 delta 0 975 Z range 0 500 to 0 500 delta 1 000 range on each axis is displayed both as the minimum and maximum coordinate in the data object on that axis and as a delta value between the two extremes 9 4 Extents For structured data a third region will be displayed on the Information tab on the data property sheet associated with a data object This region will show extent Extents x 4 extent O to 250 dimension 251 Y extent O to 250 dimension 251 Z extent O to 0 dimension 1 information as shown in the image on the right The extent along each axis indicates the minimum and maximum index used to access the data along that axis The dimensions are also given and are equal to the maximum index minus the minimum index plus one since the indices are inclusive 10 Saving Results 10 1 Overview Several types of data can be saved from ParaView The currently selected data object can be saved in several formats a session file can be saved capturing the state of the system and an image of the Display Area can be saved 10 2Supported Data Formats When the Save Data option is selected from the File menu you will be able to save the currently active data object as a ParaView file parallel or single supports groups and multi block a VTK file parallel or single single block a legacy VTK file single process single block a Meta Image file

ParaView User's Guide (Version 1.6)

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