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Z88Aurora User Guide

1. F Output data F Output data Linear Non lineark Free vibriation Yhermal Linear Non linear Free vibriatio C 28802 C Z88to0 txt _ Z88to6 b t _ Z88to1 txt _ Z88to7 b _ Z88to2 txt _ Z88to3 txt C Z88to4 b4 Figure 76 Output files e Z8800 TXT prepared input data e Z8801 TXT prepared boundary conditions e Z8802 TXT calculated displacements e Z8803 TXT calculated stresses e Z8804 TXT calculated nodal forces e Z88TOO0 TXT calculated temperature e Z88TO1 TXT calculated heat flow e Z88TO2 TXT calculated thermal expansion e Z88TO3 TXT calculated thermal forces e Z88TO4 TXT calculated displacements e Z88TO6 TXT calculated nodal forces thermo mechanic e Z88TO7 TXT calculated stress thermo mechanic e Z88NLO2 TXT calculated displacements nonlinear calculation with Z88NL e Z88NLO3 TXT calculated Cauchy stress nonlinear calculation with Z88NL 80 U 7668 Aurora User Manual In addition to the results data in a text file txt where all nodes element or Gauss point information are stored since version Z88Aurora V2b it is possible by user defined node or element sets Pre processor gt Picking to write out the results of a specific component range Therefore you have to choose Export data in the menu bar post processor figure 68 Afterwards a new menu pops up where on the right hand all sets are listed These include the
2. Figure 32 Picking of elements To assign a material it can be advantageous to assign different material properties to different elements This can be done with picking of elements with the normal picking option or with picking of surfaces For rod and beam elements the selection of the elements can only be done by using the element number The elements cannot be selected by the mouse control Se Picking of surfaces There are following options for picking surfaces surface edge switch deselect 37 User Manual View RIZ Close Surface selection Surface Angle Scroll bar to set an angle o Surface All surfaces BH switch amp Deselect all Switches the Deselect all selection ns X ciosa Surfoce Angle 30 0 Surface Au surtoces BR swt Deselect all ss ee Figure 33 Picking of elements The option picking surface works like the option picking of nodes With both options you Strg in can select the surface of a building element Pick with Pe Petes a surface an select surface All surfaces selects the entire surface How to select the best picking option gt Element selection amp Improving tetrahedron A Pressure tetrahedron mesh zzz7 Nexahedron volume shells NIT Assign a material amp Locale meshing Hexahedron mesh 38 y 56 Aurora User Manual C
3. Figure 70 Solver menu natural frequency LOG sco User Manual Number of frequencies that are calculated Termination criterion maximum number of iterations e g 10000 Termination criterion residual vector eigenvalue remains constant Difference between two frequencies Difference between two eigenvalues if the difference is smaller the eigenvalues cannot be distinguished Block length Kappa critical value after this number of iterations the residual vector is checked After defining of all required parameters the calculation is started with 233 Calculate When the calculation is finished an information window is opened automatically te Cn Sr Z88R ran successfully Figure 71 Information window The solver in the text menu bar The solver can also be accessed via the text menu bar Figure 72 Selecting the solver via the text menu bar 76 56 Aurora User Manual Available solver types for the respective finite elements ciementyne oproer W F wexahedron ug Mate _ er 7880780 OOO Tetrahedron Teak fina 7 OOO R VOO YOOO 7 Plain stress element Pan sresckmen o 7 OOOA Pan sresckmen 7 ada OOO R VOO Pan sresckmen sen jet 7 OOOA _ Pan sescmen Net Janine VODA Torus Bz er je TTET CT Tone je A TorusNriS mie OOOR x Plate han 7000k Shell FR 7000k T
4. Te Figure 15 Display options in Z88Aurora The view options shaded surface mesh and mesh can be applied by the user according to his needs the Picking view is used for the selection of nodes surfaces and elements Activating quick view S in combination with the display mode shaded enables large components to be moved quickly To improve the display rate of the picking mode in combination with large 21 a 56 Aurora User Manual components the Boundary Solid View D can be activated In this mode only the surface of the component can be selected A The Picking display depends on the previously selected display mode Thus you can either select all nodes or only surface nodes x ALAN O Ds Sa sell Te Dee tl ee 7 un ae ER RT Fak Ye res Ne ise ER Ks BR N Y n s TINTS SR E ala J i TEEN Figure 16 Switching to the display option Picking left surface right all nodes 22 maV nn User Manual 4 5 REDE 4 views and View Options zZ tx ZX view thy zy view ier om Se siete ir TEEN i AY ASS WAAR RR kee g OAN toate Ari efle eee Le See ee Sleiels 4 tisyipreeea n aT Stegle se ee alent autoscale Figure 17 View options in Z88Aurora A Double clicking on the respective icon or further clicking after the first orientation will rotate the view by 180 4 6 amp Y E labels The menu i
5. FE structure import COS NAS ANS INP context sensitive online help and video tutorials simple installation with Microsoft Installer MSI Pahi Aurora User Manual 1708 Z88Aurora is completely compatible with Z88 V140S and Z88Aurora V2 Already existing Z88 V13 files or Z88Aurora V1 files can be easily imported with the conversion tool Mitoo KO nur User Manual Note Always compare FE calculations with analytical rough calculations results of experiments plausibility considerations and other tests without exception Keep in mind that sign definitions of Z88Aurora and also other FEA programs differ from the usual definitions of the analytical technical mechanics from time to time A Unit conventions are independently managed by the user The material database integrated in Z88Aurora uses the units mm t N Z88Aurora is a powerful complex computer program which is still under development Please note that currently not all the functions are implemented therefore certain functions cannot be selected and the modification of parameters in the user interface may show to some extent no effect How Z88 deals with other programs and utilities etc hasn t been tested yet It is the aim of this research version to give you an understanding of the fundamental operating concept The developers of Z88Aurora are interested in constantly improving this software Proposals suggestions and remarks can be
6. Figure 21 Import of a STEP file The default setting determining which input file is supposed to be imported is defined by the user The import procedure depends on the quality of the given data Incomplete or damaged STEP or STL data lead to incorrect displays and faulty meshing in Z88Aurora In this case it is necessary to adjust the export settings Depending on the CAD program the lateral length the interior angle or the width to height ratio can be changed 28 User Manual Default setting STL Export Wildfire 5 0 M Import x Meshing Adjusted setting STL Export Wildfire 5 0 u ENT DERDE WEO d RR ERT Nee WEIL EAL ER ERT es NR N NM os a T Import 7 i AVA HOTO BONA EA E TS u 29 ae 7 SETTER TERT A p i H YAN A gt Mesh a N ER ae eshing IAIN EATERS at A f Tae h 2 we j 7 gt yy PERTY gt Vy oe A om gt 2 j x A ae 2 5 i A Figure 22 Import of a STL file All import features are described in detail in chapter 4 1 of the Theory Manual Table 1 offers an overview of the model data which can be transferred from FE structure data Table 1 model data which can be transferred from FE structure data DXF DF Autocad Z88V 14 08 ABAQUS 3 ANSYS amp COSMOS NASTRAN AUTOCAD DXF files can be imported as four different file types Figure 23 More information about creating an AutoCAD files and their preparation can
7. 30 Darstellung 2 02E 001 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 88E 001 B1E BB1 BBE BB1 99E 001 98E 001 7E 001 6E 001 5E 001 4E 001 3E 001 1 1 02E 001 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 O9E 002 01E 001 BBE BB1 97E BB1 98E 001 97E 001 96E 001 9SE 001 94E 001 93E 001 User Manua ersion V3 Auswahl Inkrement Nummer Inkrement Darstellung O Unverformt Verformt O Beides Skalierung 180 5 Max Skalierungsfaktor 360 Skalierung J Uebernehmen Ergebnisse a Verschiebungen Y Verschiebungen Z Verschiebungen Betrag Spannungen in den Eckknoten Spannungen pro Element Spannungen an den Gausspunkten Aurora An easily operated Finite Elements Program for Windows LINUX and Mac OS X computers This Freeware Version is the literary property of the Chair for Engineering Design and CAD University of Bayreuth Germany composed and edited by Professor Dr Ing Frank Rieg In collaboration with Dr Ing Bettina Alber Laukant Dipl Ing Daniel Billenstein Kevin Deese M Sc Christian Dinkel M Sc Pascal Diwisch M Sc Michael Frisch M Sc Christian Glenk M Sc Dipl Ing Daniel Goller Dipl Wirtsch Ing Reinhard Hackenschmidt Stefan Hautsch M Sc Dipl Ing Claudia Kleinschrodt Dr Ing Dipl Math Martin Neidnicht Dipl Ing Florian N tzel Dr Ing Bernd Roith Frank Rudol
8. Apply parameters of elements Rif Material database 4 constraints Figure 28 Text menu bar Preprocessor 32 a 76868 Aurora User Manual Tool bar Preprocessor In the menu View and Setup 2 Toolbars you can select Import to show the preprocessor buttons PAS Wis MP Picking A main innovation in Z88Aurora is the possibility to apply boundary conditions such as forces pressure and restraints with only one mouse click in the graphic user interface This will be called Picking in the following chapters For Picking there is a separate view which can be displayed by clicking the button R in the Picking ey Node selection Ri Element selection Surface selection main window D j View View View RRR close 2 2 R close R RIE close Nodes Elements Surface Individual node Individual element Angle No J OK No J OK 30 0 _ M Angle 2 Surface All elements Se l v Surface All surfaces a BB switch Deselect all BH switch amp Deselect all Surface OD Edge re Switch Deselect all Marks E swih S deselect at ss add add m Delete aa aa O Delete O Delete Marks fe Add Delete Boo Boo fe Add set m Delete set jo D O ei Add set mm Delete set fe Add set Delete set Figure 29 Picking options in Z88Aurora V3 33 7 nur User Manual
9. 7668 Aurora User Manual y Repair STL file gt confirm with Yes Solver Post processor WS Help KANM ta 9 Structural information amp Edit STL Trim part Figure 82 Edit STL 85 u 78 Aurora User Manual 6 3 Options Changes in the user interface can be done in the menu Options Here you can select the language the data folders the memory settings and the view options Language English v Additional programs Media player 2 wmplayer exe Sl Browser iexplore exe B Acrobat reader iexplore exe Maschine parameters Number of cores nunnnnnnnnnn nenn 7 Options geanssnnsunsnsusnnnsnener oneral Memory Paths View Mouse configuration Paths view Sreresereresesserererete r Structure Number of nodes MAXK 450000 Number of elements MAXE 1300000 Zoom 150 0 Rotate 1 0 Slow a EEE Fast Translate 1 0 Slow a Fast 1024 x 768 x Advanced settings C Enable culling amp Start with SPIDER Help 1920 x 1200 1920 x 1080 1600 x 1200 1440 x 900 1360 x 768 1280 x 1024 1024 x 768 800 x 600 Figure 83 Options A The global settings for CPU and memory selected here are independent from the local settings in the solver options menu N The changes only take effect after rebooting Z88Aurora Media Player Selectin
10. The file Z8814 TXT is not required any longer in Z88Aurora Older projects from Z88Aurora V1 and Z88V13 files can be imported by the migration tool Mitoo exe 003 which is provided since Aurora V2 It can be found in the bin directory 26 56 Aurora User Manual Double clicking opens the migration dialogue The files are converted after choosing the respective directory and clicking on Start Path to outputdata bin convert data S Start Info l quit Figure 20 Migration tool Mitoo For further processing files in Z88V14OS you can insert enable write_only in the file Z88 fcd This creates a complete data set for Z88V140S in the folder bin gt Z88V140S The previous folder is replaced If you still want to use these files you should save them in another directory Data Import As an example the import procedure of a STEP file is demonstrated Figure 21 gt Select Import Export gt Click Sid STEP file a selection window is opened gt Select file gt Click OK to confirm iu 27 LES nur User Manual select step a selection window is opened Geometry Su STL file SE STEP file Z Ex aurora_docu z880sp linear test lo FE structure AutoCAD DXF Nastran file Fe Abaqus file Ansysfile lt 2 Cosmos file 2 788 file Recently Used Select step file stp File filter X Cancel Confirm
11. calculated after the von Mises yield criterion which is based on Cauchy stress 71 LOG hor User Manual The thermal solver Z88TH For the calculation the module for steady state thermal simulation resorts to the solver types Pardiso SORCG and SICCG The number of values used in the system of equations is decreased by using the finite elements for pure thermal analysis hexahedrons tetrahedrons because of the reduction of the DoF to one instead of three so the system of equations itself is reduced In contrast there are no changes in the thermo mechanical calculation the usual three DoF have to be regarded The thermal conductivity is the only material property that is required for determining the steady state thermal conduction If a thermo mechanical simulation is to be conducted the coefficient of thermal expansion is also needed in addition to the material properties used in elastostatic problems Young s modulus Poisson s ratio No additional adjustments have to be done for a thermo mechanical calculation The solver Z88TH automatically conducts the desired simulation if thermal and mechanic boundary conditions have been applied If only thermal boundary conditions are applied a steady state thermal calculation is conducted The vibration solver Z88EI The module for natural frequency uses a numeric method which is especially approved in FEA and was introduced already in 1950 by Cornelius Lanczos Although no one could h
12. 000000E 007 Arc length 1 000000E6 000 Calculating spring back After every iteration at every load step CJ Backup of Pardiso fields Number of steps Ra Abbrechen ee Figure 68 Solver menu non linear calculation 4 Calculation of equivalent stress with Z88NL is only possible with von Mises theory New in version V3 see figure above bottom left is the possibility of spring back calculation This is provided for calculations with the plastic material laws If the hook is set the number of steps for the spring back calculation can be determined With five steps chosen for example the load is reduced at the end in 20 increments from 100 to 0 74 User Manual aP 56 Aurora 2 Static thermal J r Failure theory O No equivalent stress GEH von Mises Rankine Tresca Solver parameter amp Open Oso SICCG Number of iterations 10000 Residuum 1 000000E 006 1 000000E 006 Alpha 1 000000E 004 1 200000E 000 Kon Figure 69 Solver menu steady state thermal calculation The settings correlate to those of the linear mechanical calculation 75 f Free vibration f 8 3 Number of frequencies Number of iterations 20000 Residuum __ 1 ooooooeos Delta between 2 frequencies 1 000000E 006 44
13. C10E 1 1121 N mm t 7 Alloyed case hardening steel 15NiCr13 1 5752 N mm t 8 Heat treatable steel 20Mn5 1 1133 N mm t 9 Heat treatable steel 5acrv4 1 8161 N mm t Figure 55 Choice of the material law for nonlinear analyses By selecting one of the other laws plastic material behavior is present and additional material data must be specified In these cases no geometrical non linearities are taken into account Necessary additional parameters for the plastic material models must be specified under the Non linear tab Figure 56 shows which parameters must be entered for the von Mises law You have to enter the flow curve which is defined by pairs of values of the plastic elongation and yield stress By clicking the button Add you can define a new pair of values the values can always be selected and edited by double clicking With the Delete button the selected value pair is deleted Also importing a text file with all pairs of values is possible 60 a 7668 Aurora User Manual General Name Description Number Annotation Course of the flow curve Material properties Linear Non linear Thermal Material model Flow curve Figure 56 Input of the material data for the material law von Mises Figure 57 shows the structure of a sample file After its import the values result in the way shown in figure 56 It is important that the first line of the file contains the numb
14. DEE 7S0Ok gt gt Truss and beam structures efh E3 Tu w O00000 Zu O BEE Baws ODOOL ms ja MB Beam Nr 25 exact OOOO x GOR PAR E ECHO xi xe eI RI x 7 Iaoa User Manual 5 4 Postprocessor After the calculation has run the results can be displayed in the Z88Aurora postprocessor by clicking the button File View Pre processor Solver Post processor Tools Help O DM Kuinear mechanical v H EA A eeor Oss thre SE 34 SFY SHO SE RR RE zZu smezeu Fi semis 30 view 0 00E 000 2 70E 001 2 70E 001 5 40E 001 5 40E 001 8 0 E 001 8 09E 001 1 08E 000 1 08E 000 1 35E 000 1 35E 000 1 62E 000 1 62E 000 1 89E 000 1 89E 008 2 16E 000 2 16E 000 2 43E 000 2 43E 000 2 70E 000 2 70E 000 2 97E 000 TOTAL DISPLACEMENTS Load cases for natural frequency View O Undeflected Deflected gt O Both Select view option Scaling 2 2 mej Max scaling factor X Filter J Apply Show results Nodal forces X Nodal forces Y Nodal forces Z Total nodal forces Temperature Thermal expansion Thermal force X izl 288Aurora started E users FAnuser Desktop aurorav2 Figure 73 Z88Aurora Postprocessor On the right side of the screen a context menu appears Here it is possible to have the component displayed in the results window in
15. Each element is divided into 8 tetrahedrons initial tetrahedron with all median lines All elements Minimal inner angle E Administration dp Add E Create mesh Delete E Remove mesh Close amp Mesh info Rules for mesh menon 2square based pyramids 4 tetrahedron Figure 44 refining of a tetrahedron input mask right process left The adjacent elements are adjusted to the changed node numbers and are divided as well For this a minimum element angle must be specified to prevent a large deformation Instead of the ideal interior angle of 60 an angle of 3 10 is realistic 50 m aV 56 Aurora User Manual Figure 45 Process of the algorithm for refinement Shell thickener With this feature it is possible to thicken already existing shells which have nodes in only one plane e g from Nastran or DXF import and thus creating volume shells element No 21 and No 22 Normal shells Volume shells Figure 46 normal shells above and volume shells below 51 ES nur User Manual Value Thickness Administration Create mesh with the current rule for Add rule for meshing _ Add E create mesh meshing Delete rule for meshing Delete Ci Remove mesh Mesh is deleted and the STP STL is displayed Close menu Cose K Mesh info Mesh is checked Rules for mesh Active name
16. Hot keys With the mouse and a view shortcuts it is possible to pick single or several nodes elements or surfaces in order to define the boundary conditions you need f Strg a BE click Selecting single nodes Alt eae hold New selection of several nodes in a rectangular area while discarding the previous selection Alt x hold Additional selection of several nodes in a rectangular area while maintaining the previous selection amp El fhola Selecting a rectangular area for deselecting several nodes The respective nodes elements and surfaces are marked as small black rectangles Selecting is carried out by clicking on the rectangles and using the shortcuts ni Picking of nodes The Picking of nodes includes the following options single nodes surface doesnot work with shell elements edge switch deselect all 34 U 7668 Aurora User Manual View Close 2 Node selection e Nodes Select a single node or group of nodes Individual node using the node number No J OK e g 1 30 or 1 2 3 Angle 30 0 scroll bar to control the angle J Angle 6 2 Ers Surface YJ Edge EN fe scm Deren Tamm EEE ER switch amp Deselect all i Hi sett IF Fig oa Shih ay anga a kn arge sabes Tate 2 ee tena theta a 5 ee RER ay Hy I bano W tte Den t Maran aa Larter Dt ate nt
17. In Z88Aurora this mesher can be used for tetrahedrons with 4 or 10 nodes e NETGEN was mainly developed by Professor Joachim Sch berl Institute of Analysis and Scientific Computing at the Vienna University of Technology research group Computational Mathematics in Engineering within the framework of the projects Numerical and Symbolic Scientific Computing and the Start Project hp FEM In Z88Aurora this mesher can be used for tetrahedrons with 4 nodes In Z88Aurora this mesher can also be used for tetrahedrons with 4 or 10 nodes 44 56 Aurora User Manual 1708 Settings Mesher dr Tetgen Netgen Element type Tetrahedron linear tr Nr 17 Tetrahedron quadratic Nr 16 Value Administration Create mesh with the current rule for Add rule for meshing Add E Create mesh meshing gt 4 Delete E Remove mesh Mesh is deleted and the STP STL is displayed Close menu Close E Mesh info Mesh is checked Rules for mesh ace ame Figure 40 Creating of tetrahedron meshes and the options Tetgen Netgen gt Select TetGen or NETGEN determine mesh parameter accuracy of the mesh and element type this value correlates to the edge length in the respective unit of length gt click ao the rule for meshing is created The data for the rule can be viewed any time afterwards either ia Createmesh 5 add a new rule gt with 8 Ee leave the tetrahedro
18. and the side menus the correspondent icons precede the text commands Depending on the current procedure there 13 I User Manual are several tabs on the tab bar such as the material cards in the material menu between which you can switch Each tab can be closed by clicking the corresponding X The icon menu bar is separated into different areas the project folder management the type of analysis and the pushbuttons which access the context sensitive side menus and the support Depending on the state of the analysis several icons are displayed in grey because their functions aren t available at that time DI 1 Linear mechanica J gt BBE EB oS ale E BM Project folder managment Type of analysis Context sensitive side menu E ne Z Linear mechanical nd mm import CAD FE Daten Preprocessor Open Project IN Nonlinear mechanical kl Bex h oe Solver Close Project F Free vibration ri Support Postprocessor FAG SPIDER support lt Steady state thermal be Eao BE Hei ontions 7X No selection le Exit Figure 2 Pushbuttons of the icon menu bar A Please always note the status display at the lower left edge of the user interface Here you can find references to the next steps and information about operation Fa F9 F10 F12 Esc Fil 7 G f 7 7 1 z EA BE VE ER AS e A7 e8 L9 Jio HEIC L ar Q WwW E R T Fa U d Ee P
19. automatically Nodes Coordinates ed oe T Y direction 2 000000E 000 x Z direction 0 0000006 000 2 3 xl I 3 Node is inserted in the list Figure 38 Node menu AN For further information about the selection of nodes see chapter 33 Picking Selecting from the list gt iy select the node to be edited from the list gt the node turns red Afterwards the selected node can be X edited or mm deleted When all nodes have been created the elements can be defined For this you have to switch yw Elements With Add a node can be inserted in the node list afterwards the other nodes are to the menu renumbered automatically 42 56 Aurora User Manual 1708 View Qe Clo oe Ram Red marked selection a Elements De select all is deselected Create structural elements Type Truss No 4 3D Truss No 9 2D Beam No 2 3D Beam No 13 2D Beam No 25 3D Shaft No 5 3D 1 Chose element type Nodes Nodes No 1 D Nodes No 2 gt sert seleted ajr select node and click Administration 1 3 click a Add mm Delete E Insert Edit Elements x 2 Chose node with node number zl Selected element Element is inserted in the element list Figure 39 menu Elements create new element determine element type Truss No 4 No 9 Beam No 2 No 13 No 25 Cam No 5 for further information please see the Theory Guide e
20. method of conjugate gradients featuring SOR preconditioning or preconditioning by an incomplete Cholesky decomposition depending on your choice This solver deals with structures with more than 100 000 DoF at nearly the same speed as the solvers of the large and expensive commercial FEA programs as our tests showed In addition a minimum of storage is needed This solver is your choice for large structures with more than 150 000 200 000 DoF FE structures with 5 million DoF degrees of freedom are no problem for it if you use a 64 bit operation system Windows or Linux or Mac OS X along with the 64 bit version of Z88 and about 6 GByte of memory This very stable and approved solver works always so you may use it as your standard solver LOG ro User Manual Y Linear mechanical e E P O Rankine principal stresses Tresca stresses Solver parameters Open Calculation Stag calculation SORCG Number of iterations m Residuum 1 000000E 006 Omega 1 200000E 000 Help I sIcce Solver parameters SICCG Number of iterations rood Residuum 1 000000E 006 Alpha 1 000000E 004 Help Figure 67 solver menu linear mechanical analysis Accelerated versions of the linear solvers were already added to Z88Aurora V2b Some steps in the solution process could be reduced without compromising the quality of results In particular the
21. piston x As already described in previous chapters you can import data from 2D and 3D CAD and FE systems in Z88Aurora The example cited here is an engine piston it was designed in PTC Pro MECHANICA and saved as a NASTRAN file By means of this component the import of the NASTRAN format and the calculation of tetrahedron meshes in Z88Aurora are demonstrated e Shell elements Example square pipe Vea To display thin walled structures such as bent sheet metal parts or profiles shell models can be used The component employed here is a square profile which was designed as a shell model with an external FE program and saved as NASTRAN file together with the boundary conditions By means of this component the import and the calculation of shell models in Z88Aurora are demonstrated e Truss elements Example crane girder A simple example with 20 nodes and 54 trusses forming a spatial framework These structures can easily be entered manually CAD programs won t help much Just try it for yourself 90 56 Aurora User Manual 1708 e Volume element Example Two stroke engine piston A piston for a two stroke engine should be calculated The load is the combustion pressure of 42 5 bar the gudgeon pin is defined as bearing The piston was designed in the 3D CAD program Pro ENGINEER and meshed selecting linear tetrahedrons with Pro MECHANICA Then the structure and the mesh were exported as NASTRAN file The piston contains 321
22. sets that were created automatically and the sets that have been created individually l Export data Fixed Nodes Material Elements Figure 77 Export of results If you choose one set for example the node set Fixed on the right hand on the left hand there will be the minimal maximum displacements the minimal maximum average stress and the minimal maximal average sum of the forces illustrated LF Export data Quantity 745 Displacements min 0 000000E 000 Displacements max 0 000000E 000 Fixed Nodes Stress min 0 000000E 000 Material Elements Stress max 4 563000E 001 Stress avg 2 585640E 000 Force min 0 000000E 000 Force max 1 876476E 002 Force avg 1 911431E 001 Force sum 1 424016E 004 Figure 78 Results of the node set Fixed 81 266 Aurora User Manual By selecting the button Settings see figure 69 the user can decide individually which kind of export data of the chosen set should be written in a txt file or a csv file figure 70 amp Settings Output data Seperator O Space Semikolon Decimal seperator Y direction direction Displacements X Displacements Y Displacements Z Total displacements Nodal forces X Output TXT Text CSV Comma seperated values al Save 28 cancel Figure 79 Individual outpout data This is done b
23. two variants of the CG iterative solver were parallelized thereby not only one CPU but any number can be used simultaneously Therefor it requires twice as much memory as the CG solvers from Z88R Further the termination criterion for the mathematical residual is now used which includes the Euclidean norm of the error vector This threshold corresponds to the root of the termination criterion of the Z88R Even with the boundary conditions and other task phase modifications were made so that the already parallelized Pardiso solver could be accelerated too All changes are marked as Z88RS Rs and are used when a check mark is set for Solver Speedup The following Table 4 should serve for orientation when each solver can be used 70 LOO nor User Manual Table 4 Overview solver Required Multi Z88R t c direct Solver with up to 150 000 Fill In with 32 bitpcs Very high very high only for trusses and beams in Z88Aurora V2 useful with several CPUs and very much memory once more accelerated version of the direct Pardiso Solver from Z88R requires twice as much memory as the CG solvers from Z88R and enables several CPUs Z88RS t c direct Solver with up to 150 000 parao Fill In with 32 bit PCs very high jugated no limits tested Z88RS t c conjuga u gradients solver with more than 12 oo with pre Mio DoF ona very low high 5 conditioning normal PC The nonlinear solver Z88NL Z88R t c conjuga
24. various ways deflected undeflected or both at the same time Below there is the results menu the displacements component by component and as value as well as the stresses at the corner nodes averaged by elements and at the Gauss points can be shown the Gauss point display however is only shown in an undeflected condition 78 56 Aurora User Manual Stress view _ _ Without scaling With scaling 91E 000 9 91E 001 91E 001 1 89E 002 89E 002 2 79E 002 79E 002 3 69E 002 69E 002 4 59E 002 59E 002 5 49E 002 49E 002 6 39E 002 39E 002 7 29E 002 29E O002 8 19E 002 19E 002 9 10E 002 10E 002 1 00E 003 STRESSES AT CORNER NODES Minimum value 100 Maximum value 200 a Xeon Figure 74 Color scale File View Pre processor Solver Waage A DI Linear mechanical Output data Sa Export data OS SRG Bs Gg port STe deflected structure Figure 75 Menu bar Post processor Under Postprocessor gt Output data you can access the single output files of the calculation in order to get the exact numerical values for further information see Z88Aurora Theory Manual 79 LOG sco User Manual F Output data F Output data Linear Non linear Free vibriation Thermal i Free vibriation Thermal _ z8800 txt _ z88nlo2 txt C 28801 C z88nlo3 t C 28802 _ 28803 C 28804
25. 1 nodes thus 9633 degrees of freedom and 12489 elements tetrahedron type 17 with 4 nodes e Tetrahedron elements Example motorcycle crankshaft Applying a piston load of 5 000 N a single cylinder motorcycle crankshaft is to be calculated In this case the constraints have to be considered in a special way which is kind of tricky e Plane stress element Example gearwheel A gearwheel whose center is pressed on a shaft is examined The interference fit assembly s groove pressure is 100 N mm Crucial point is the deformation transmitted by the center s expansion to the gear teeth which are left out for model simplification e Plate element Example circular plate This sample is intended as an introduction for plate calculation Z88 contains plate elements Reissner Mindlin approach with 6 node Serendipity elements type 18 8 node Serendipity elements type 20 and 16 node Lagrange elements type 19 Nevertheless the plate is a 2D element With plates thus being 2D elements the calculation requires some skills to map this paradox in FE software 91 7 nur User Manual e Hexahedron elements Example plate segment A three dimensional plate segment with curvilinear hexahedrons is calculated Though seeming simple this example can barely be solved analytically It s a valuable sample for experiments with the mapped masher e Creating a structure and element parameters Example gear shaft In Z88Auro
26. 63 Creating boundary conditions II Figure 63 shows the possibilities to apply boundary conditions You can apply displacements pressure and forces You can choose between uniformly distributed force surface load projected surface load line load and projected line load Force uniformly distributed applies always the same force to the nodes while Surface load and Line load distributes the load according to FEA rules for further information see theory manual Thermal boundary conditions are not dependent on direction 4 Pressure always requires a surface set 66 PNJ 56 Aurora User Manual Delete deletes existing boundary conditions Show all shows the boundary conditions which are activated via the check mark The different boundary conditions are shown in their respective color DISPLACEMENTS PRESSURE FORCE UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED FORCE DISTRIBUTED Bins en oie ir na et TEMPERATURE HEAT FLOW UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTE HEAT FLOW DISTRIBUTED HEAT FLUX Figure 64 view options boundary conditions To view single boundary conditions separately the respective constraint can be selected via Administration es Add Delete Show all Close Fixed 1 Fixed 2 Ground Figure 65 viewing boundary conditions separately Close With the menu is closed 67 7 nur User Manual size of boundary conditions The function Size of boundary conditions effects
27. Boo Smee aie baie St an S Demmin ae switches the Deselect all REN 00 ae ns 2 nie m bea atte rad selection went tae i Angle 26 6 7rp2rc n5 Figure 30 Picking of nodes Single nodes You can select single nodes via the node number as well as adjacent areas Surface If you would like to select the interior surface of a drill hole to apply boundary Strg conditions you can use the option surface Pick a node with f ctick With the scroll bar you can choose an angle which influences the selection This value describes the angle between the element that contains the selected node and the adjacent element If the value is smaller or equal the value chosen via the scroll bar the nodes on these elements will be selected To find the proper selection for the surface you want to choose you might have to try some different values in order to achieve the desired result These settings can be used as a starting point to select the right surfaces Figure 31 e Planar surface 0 0 e A double line of nodes with a large curvature radius 1 2 e Lateral surface complete or partial with a large curvature radius 5 10 e Interior surface of a drill hole 10 20 35 y EG Aurora User Manual Picked node on a plain surface iet meS SSS Zt 4 a un 4 J Sa SD PAE dona n AVAA AAN TEN ae Sing RE et ET To FT Ay Ooo el TEN nite Was and TT 4 N r7 taraa ED a
28. DER Help lt gt Video manual Beer OSs bet User manual SYS SF SEES S gM Theory manual TITTIE E Library of elements Examples Z About Z88Aurora Integrated Software Z88Aurora started L No working directory Figure 85 Video manual in Z88Aurora These are e Picking e Views e Node information Q User Manual In the User Manual all functions available in Z88Aurora are explained Theory Manual The Theory Manual addresses the issue of the computation bases of Z88Aurora For experienced Z88 V14 users the differences between Z88 V14 OS and Z88Aurora are presented Furthermore all input and output files as well as the element types are illustrated in detail The modules which are accessed from the user interface are explained here m Element Library A short description of the element types integrated in Z88Aurora 89 ES nur User Manual A Examples By means of different examples the basic functions are explained e Plane elements Example fork wrench As an example a DXF file from AutoCAD was chosen a fork wrench as plane stress element By means of this component the export procedure of the structure from the CAD program as well as the import of DXF files into Z88Aurora is demonstrated Furthermore the creation and finer meshing of super structures is illustrated as well as the execution and evaluation of a linear strength analysis e Volume elements Example engine
29. E A oss AEE ATE A E ETA EE A O E AEA E N E T AE 56 A Er Applying Boundary CONGIEIONS an en ae 64 5 3 E SOLVER ee a ee ee 69 The linear Solvers Z88R and 20 OS en ee ee ee een 69 The nonlinear solver ZB N ee nebenan 71 The thermal solver Z88TH einen ee re 72 The vibraton solver Z88 E een ee ee E ee en 72 The solver inthe text ment Dal meron ee ee ee re 76 Available solver types for the respective finite elements ccccccccssssscccceesseccceeeeseceeseeaeecessaeaeeeeessaneeeeees 77 54A AM POSTPROCESSOR oarroreiririiri koneen nnii ER EENAA EO EREET ATERN EENET EEEE EEREN 78 6 POOLS ra E A E E EA E N A EA N EA ENA E E 84 6 1 amp ANA a ee ee 84 6 2 Foa E AE E TE E E T A E E E A T 84 6 3 P ORION ares aa E A E E EE TET E EE ENE E TE E N TEE ee 86 11 266 Aurora 12 User Manual BAY OH P HELP FIND SOR POR anne 88 BR FY AEN AEE E wea ddiovecrctann E EEE 88 ME SPIDER SUPPO a ee ee ee ee E E 95 78 PADOU 28 A e a EB ee u Ede 96 MX MIO ONE gece ssc eet hs cate ow eats nes ein eh nee tet Gin E E in ve ie a ee sg a ee 96 EL PER AT ORE 0 ee ee een 97 a 7668 Aurora User Manual 1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE USER INTERFACE Z88Aurora is characterized by an intuitive operation of the pre and postprocessor The project data management is carried out by means of a project folder management A status display provides better ease of use Text menu bar amp Z88Aurora Version _ File View Preprocessor Solver Postprocessor Tool
30. Figure 47 Shell thickener in Z88Aurora More information see LY Creating a tetrahedron mesh Dik Element parameters You can allocate element parameters for the element types plate shell truss beam and cam element and plain stress element According to the element types following icons are selectable L beam truss cam aly plate plain stress element shell L beam truss cam Element parameter T Section me hickness If you have created these structures beforehand they can be edited here A Element parameters of imported Z88 files Z88V14 Z88V13 Z88Aurora V1 must be created anew because they cannot be imported with the structure Depending on what element type you have chosen you can assign the respective geometry date You can assign one geometry to all elements elements or you can define sections from to element and assign one geometry per section 52 User Manual Assign element geometry Choose element geometry DAY 56 Aurora Cross sectional 3 141959 3E 002 Results area Automatically calculated geometry data Figure 48 Assigning cross section in the menu element parameter When using the element type 25 another menu is available which need special settings for the control node can be made For details see theory manual Additional information for element 25 Reference point cordinates X direction Y direction e z direction er Schubverh
31. View Default views b amp Y Z view 8 O O 0 1 Coordinate system Labels 1 Elements AF All No labels Figure 10 View options 4 1 Toolbars For import export view and preprocessor it is possible to show additional toolbars This can be done permanently via the settings in the file z88enviro dyn or session oriented via the menu View gt Setup Contrary to Z88Aurora V1 the arrangement of the icons can be completely adjusted to the users requirements For this the default settings of the toolbars are stored in the z88enviro dyn file with their respective icon number sBUC CONS OL Lhe Toolbars TOOLBAR 1 1 284 0 1 85 67 6 03 WO 11 i TOOLBAR 2 1 OW 3192 32 054 35 2Y Q 22 23 22 29 TOOLBAR i 12 15 12 26 0 15 17 46 0 18 19 20 21 283 22 50 oi 22 35 i TOOLBAR 4 1 19 LOG ror User Manual 41 42 45 424 25 46 47 430 oO U 20 232 G4 O 65 U 239 0 40 I Figure 11 Extract of z88enviro dyn In the following figures the default arrangement of the toolbars and their meanings are displayed SER DISS kE Views View settings Default Views O Shaded O Boundary Solid view t xy View Surface Mesh S Quick view tx zx View z amp Mesh Refresh thy zy View S Picking tz Coordinate system Figure 12 push buttons of the second toolbar SgZ KZr Er FE SSAA SES View manipulation Colour settings Labels Size options G Rotations es Legend color amp node numbers Gt Ge constraints u Adjust m
32. able are displayed in grey mE oe JES View Pre processor Solver Post processor Tools Help J i s Close project a Save project as fe Remove project data Import Export Exit Figure 8 Project folder management in the text menu bar 3 5 Z Deleting Project Files In the text menu bar there is also the option to delete the complete content of the project folder The folder itself is preserved 17 1766 Aurora User Manual View Pre processor 9 New Open project Close project 4 Save project as E Remove project data Figure 9 Deleting project data in the text menu bar 18 a 7668 Aurora User Manual 4 VIEW The view options can be edited in many ways in Z88Aurora It is possible to display often required tool bars and to change their arrangement to change the light material and legend color or to switch miscellaneous additional view options on and off With labels is possible to switch the numeration of nodes and elements on an off File BUT Preprocessor Solver Postprocessor Tools Help A San vj H DS me t Autoscale X Rotations 3D 222 Clipping FEO FF RR 7 Z limit towards viewer A amp Legend color Shaded 2 Adjust material color Surface Mesh X Adjust lights O Mesh FR Picking Boundary Solid view ty X Y View B quick view X Z
33. aeltnis 1 0 Calculating theory Bernoulli O Timoshenko The element parameters can be inserted by hand Additionally Z88Aurora V3 can calculate the element geometry of a circle tube rectangle square profile or I profile 53 O 5 lt S u Y gt O000000 I Br Figure 49 Cross sections that can be automatically calculated 54 a 76868 Aurora User Manual To do this gt select element geometry insert entry parameters depending on the selected element type only the required data is used for the calculation EB Calculation With ai AL the element parameters are assigned to the structural elements al Plate plain stress element shell Element parameters You can assign one geometry to all elements 4llelements or you can define sections from to element and assign one geometry per section gt SP Add gt edit thickness with double clicking a Close 30 view Element geometry W Administration Administration Geometry ElementSet1 1 000000 To Element No Vents Edit thickness with Create an element oh laches double click set Delete element set Close menu Figure 50 Assign thickness to plain stress elements plates and shells 55 206 Aurora User Manual I Material In order to carry out static strength analyses natural frequency analyses and thermic calculations the present
34. amp Heat treatable steel 20Mn5 1 1133 Wimm E Close Close menu 9 Heat irestable seel sche 18161 Nimmt Figure 51 Z88Aurora Material database If the required material is not included you have the possibility to define new materials in the database For this click F add in the right menu and the context menu Material Parameters is opened Figure 52 In the first input array you can define the material type by means of Material Name Identifier and Material Number In the second input array 56 a nn User Manual the material properties such as Young s Modulus Poisson s ratio and density As Unit density t mm are entered for the linear analysis General Name Description Number Annotation Material properties Linear Non linear Thermal Youngs modulus 0 00 Density 0 000000E 000 Poissons ratio 0 00 Kon Figure 52 Context menu material parameters In the case of unalloyed construction steel according to DIN EN 10025 2 this would look as follows e Name construction steel common name e Description S235JR e Number 1 0038 e Annotation own annotations e g delivery e Young s Modulus 210000 N mm e Density 7 85 E 9 t mm e Poisson s Ratio 0 29 57 _ y 766 Aurora User Manual For thermal analysis you have to assign heat conductivity and heat expansion tab Thermal cp figure below Name Description Number Annotati
35. ansevessssonsonnestanseecssecaueawest 26 5 1 P IMPORT OF CAD AND FE DATA esscesesssesssesssessecssesssessscsssesssssuvssesssecsuessuessvssaessunsseesaessisssetssessaessetsseesneesees 26 Compatibility with other versions Of Z88 cccsssscccccsssecccccessecceecusnecccccueeceeesaeeceesseaseceessaaseceesauaeeeeesageses 26 DOO ceactuat a E AA EA A A E EA A 27 10 Pahi Aurora User Manual 1708 Import Text Menu Bar era ea neise 30 APOT LOODA oe aara ee ee ee 31 MOO TO TNE A Ball e E E E een EEA 31 5 2 Br PREPROCE SIR ae ee reale 32 Preprocessor in the text menu Dar ee ee een 32 MOOI Ar PIEBLO ESS ee ee ee re 33 MR picking Se ERSTELLE NEN EIERN A BE ER RENEIRRFR 33 Re Picking OF NOdeSs sasivaticncsseaseaceerdancaweuesswenbedeencsamsaswanendesdsssenseeancacedosaseaudanvansancersacwumencoancmnegpateuapeesaasvantsias 34 U Picking OF elemento nee en ea er 37 Picking OF UTC ET E AE A Teer AE A 37 How to select the best picking OPTION ae 38 QOD Set Mia Mae SMMC ING en ee ee 39 BP Creating FE Structures Trusses Beams ccccccccccccccccceceeecececeececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 40 4S DVIS NAG sccccicanaisnacoanatedeanaeaassieepaeanecsateacaianceereesnueceuanedteceenp E E ace mateaaseopavadessanvecaeanteccematte 44 ie POG TIVO eeren ee et 46 Generating Super elements mesh generator Z88N cccccceeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 47 Tik EILMENE Par a USS ee ee 52 il RYN ECU E
36. are created by entering the coordinates and then the element type is selected and created A It is not possible to create mixed structures with different element types To do this the use of Z88V14 OS is recommended 40 A 7668 Aurora User Manual Create node Create element Create node Create structural elements Coordinates Truss No 4 3D x direction Truss No 9 2D y direction Beam No 2 3D z direction Beam No 13 2D l Beam No 25 3D Administration Shaft No 5 3D dh Add Delete Nodes Insert amp Edit Nodes No 1 Nodes No 2 fetes gt Insert selected Administration L Figure 37 Creating structural elements nodes create new node coordinates e enter x e enter y e enter z gt click add After entering the data the nodes can be edited or deleted The selection of the nodes to be changed can be done via the selection from the list 41 206 Aurora Q gt with the node is selected for futher processing in the pop up menu Edit User Manual View Red marked selection is DE X cose e deselected Deselect all Create node Coordinates x direction 0 00 000 1 Enter coordinate I y direction 1 00E 000 z direction 0 00 000 Administration Add node at the marked position to list insert Edit Edit node the number of the other nodes are chanched
37. asics and Practical Applications with Z88Aurora 1st english edition Carl Hanser Munich Vienna 2014 Wehm14 C Wehmann Nichtlineare Finite Elemente Analyse fur Berechnungen im Maschinenbau Geometrische Nichtlinearit ten und _ plastisches Materialverhalten ausgew hlter Maschinenelemente PhD Thesis University of Bayreuth Shaker Aachen ISBN 978 3 8440 3063 1 2014 97
38. astic elastic plastic or Wehmann different poisson ratio in plastic sector e course of the flow direction parameter f w Therefore the table with the assigned materials contains an additional column in the module nonlinear strength Figure 55 shows this column in which the favored material law can be selected This selection has to be confirmed with the ENTER button so that it is adopted In case of Hooke s law linear elastic material behavior is present geometric nonlinearity alone will be taken into account Regarding the material parameters only Young s modulus and 59 ES nur User Manual Poisson s ratio are necessary in this case These two parameters are specified under the Linear tab see Figure 52 20 view i Material database Assigned material Administration No Active Name Set name Material name Description Number Constitutive law Material sets Hooke geom NLS T Name Hooke geom NL MatSet5 MatSet von Mises Wehmann w constant Wehmann w variable All elements lt Define Delete Material database Administration No Name Description Number Annotation db Add Engineering steel E295 1 0050 N mm t Structural steel 5235 R 1 0037 N mmjt amp Edit 1 2 3 Structural steel 275 2 1 0145 N mm t Details 4 Heat resisting steel P250GH 1 0460 N mmjt 5 case hardened steel C15E 1 1141 N mm t Import 6 Engineering steel
39. aterial of Clipping A sia Wl element numbers KR Al gaussian points ss a 27 limit S gt Adjust lights At Label all AE Ra Pick points Autoscale W No Labels Figure 13 push buttons of the third toolbar 2 rse Bi IE St be Balken I Material database CAD Import Step Import STL Stl Import Autocad Import Freemeshing Tetrahedrons A Constraints Hexahedron mesher Scheibenaufdicker Tetraederverfeinerer BS Shell converter q Trim parts Figure 14 push buttons of the forth toolbar To adjust the toolbar simply arrange the respective numbers 20 a 56 Aurora User Manual 4 2 S Camera Settings Auto scale Es offers the possibility to fit the model into the Open GL window With Rotations 3D a precise rotation can be applied Z limit towards the user Z is a clipping option By setting a defined Z plane the component can be viewed from inside With 74 all three planes can be used for clipping via the scroll bar 4 3 SZ VW colors The legend color as well as the background color of the Open GL window can be changed arbitrarily For this you can resort to defined standards black white white black default or manually set a certain color The component is adequately displayed via the component color and the light settings 4 4 CEAR Displays There are four possible view options These can be accessed via the icons in the icon menu bar O Shaded Surface Mesh
40. ave thought about numeric modal analysis then the algorithm possesses many advantages for FE programing The basic idea to reduce the matrix to a tridiagonal matrix non zero elements only in the main diagonal and the first diagonal below and above by iteration is very effective regarding memory management Additionally it is guaranteed mathematically that the eigenvalues of this tridiagonal matrix are approximately equal to the eigenvalues of the original matrix Each iteration of the solver can be divided into two stages Initially an additional row or column of the tridiagonal matrix is calculated basically only three matrix values because all previously calculated entries preserved In the second stage the eigenvalues of the matrix are determined starting at zero and sorted in ascending order 72 Pahi Aurora User Manual 1708 Further information and theoretical background on the solvers can be found in the theory manual The solver types are selected via the solver menu depending on the type of analysis the solver menu is adjusted Under failure theory the following comparison stresses can be selected depending on the preceding calculation von Mises theory Rankine s theory principal stresses Tresca s theory Additionally a view control values for the respective solver have to be defined in the menu solver gt solver parameters O sicca Termination criterion maximum number of it
41. be found in the Theory Manual Chapter 4 1 5 29 oa 56 Aurora User Manual D Ca 1 Linear mechanical l 4 eo ME lel coner gt Import CAD FE Data STL file STEP file F structure 7 og E Eros F AutoCAD DXF Nastran file Location l lao 7 z eae A A Recently Used B Cosmos file 24 788 file Figure 23 Possibilities to import a DXF structure AN The DXF import is designed for files created by the CAD system AutoCAD If you are using a different program the import might fail Import Text Menu Bar JES View Pre processor Solver Fost processor Tools Help lanical v gt Be E a ee ee RER mw FF amp amp E SE Geometry STP STEP STL files STL AutoCAD DXF files DXF A NASTRAN files BDF NAS E P ABAQUS files INP ANSYS files ANS COSMOS files COS iat 788 files TXT Figure 24 Import in the text menu bar 30 a Pahi Aurora User Manual Import tool bar The tool bar Import is shown by default In the menu View and Setup you can deselect the view option Import Preprocessor Solver Autoscale amp Rotations 3D Clipping 5 Z limit towards viewer Color gt Shaded amp Surface Mesh Mesh FR Picking O Boundary Solid view quick view Default views gt Standard View EJ View il Import FE Z Coordinate sy
42. e gt ap Sa at a _ SE N ee UM SSS oe hk a ee ng AVATA EES PE Gon VEO a TE Satata Ta a E DOORN i un a PUT S gt LIKE N b PINS KIT 4 We eetege is Por 6 SS ae arava We BOO MEAS pe avavay 1 RY ar a at Q i a I angle 15 0 Figure 31 Setting of angles A Only the selection of a corner node is possible no nodes in the middle of the element Edge A group of adjacent nodes which are located on an edge of a FE model can be selected via the option Edge With this option it is possible to select nodes on an edge of a drill hole or on a circumferential edge of a profile Only one node on the edge must be selected With the scroll bar also only a part of the edge can be selected Switch With switch the selection is inverted Deselect Deselecting of selected areas 36 a 76868 Aurora User Manual U Picking of elements There are following options for picking elements surface all elements switch deselect View gt gt Close Ri Element selection Elements Select a single element or a group of Individual element elements using the element number z B a nof J OK 1 30 oder 1 2 3 KA HT 36 Surface All elements ER BB switch Deselect all real a Tt 1 Switchesthe Deselect all SE gt IN Sh selection ERICH ER Am WEP IRRE UNANINI ANN Ay RINININININ A SAAANA
43. ed construction materials and modules such as non linear strength calculations natural frequency analysis and contact and thermal analyses The present version Z88Aurora V3 includes an extended nonlinear equation solver which now also allows to consider non linear material behavior besides geometrically nonlinear analysis Therefore three plastic material laws are implemented The surface has been enhanced accordingly in order to be able to enter the additionally required material data Other modules such as a module for transient analysis and one for contact analysis are in development The modules Module for thermal analysis 4 In this module of Z88Aurora steady state thermal conduction and the thermal expansion are calculated The simulated temperature profile is treated separately and is time independent i e the state of equilibrium is displayed By linking the thermal and mechanical boundary conditions the user can calculate thermo mechanical displacements or stress in addition to LEG rove User Manual the thermal results like temperature or heat flow With this statements can be made about the influence of temperature on the construction component Module for natural frequency F Since Version V2 Z88Aurora also gives the possibility to analyse a component regarding its natural frequency If the material properties Young s modulus Poisson s ratio and densitiy are known this module can calculate the natural frequency Alt
44. enter node 1 by direct selection of the node via mouse R Add selected e enter node 2 or by entering the node number click 34 After the elements have been entered they can still be edited or deleted The selection is done via the element table The compilation of the entry file is now completed You can save the data and close the submenu In the next steps element parameters geometry cross section etc material and boundary conditions must be allocated For this please consult the help for Li Element parameters AMT Material or z Constraints 43 7 nur User Manual amp meshing You have three possibilities of meshing parts in Z88Aurora On the one hand a continuum can be meshed to miscellaneous FE structures with the mesh generator Z88N via the intermediate step of super element creation On the other hand two Open Source meshers TetGen and NETGEN for the creation of tetrahedron meshes are integrated in Z88Aurora It is also possible to convert STL files directly into shell elements A Creating a tetrahedron mesh After import of geometry via STEP or STL the part can be meshed by tetrahedrons Two Open Source meshers are available e TetGen was developed by Dr Hang Si of the research group Numerical Mathematics and Scientific Computing at the Weierstrass Institute for Applied Analysis and Stochastics in Berlin In Z88Aurora this mesher can be used for tetrahedrons with 4 or 10 nodes
45. er of pairs of values 3 0 0 600 0 0 05 00 0 0 10 50 0 Figure 57 Structure of a txt file for the import as yield curve The unit for the plastic strain is always 1 dimensionless i e 0 05 corresponds to 5 plastic strain The flow curve can be determined by the following two equations from the Stress strain curve o diagram Kr O O Thereby ky is the yield stress and e the total strain Figure 59 shows an exemplary stress strain diagram and the corresponding flow curve Stress strain diagram Flow curve 900 900 E 800 800 i E 700 E 700 Z 600 600 6 500 500 a 400 4 400 300 300 O 200 gt 200 100 100 0 0 0 0 025 0 05 0 075 0 1 0 0 025 0 05 0 075 0 1 Total strain 1 Plastic strain 1 Figure 58 Stress strain diagram and the corresponding flow curve 61 266 Aurora User Manual In case of the Wehmann model the selection must be switched to Wehmann w constant as shown in figure 59 on the left This model allows to adjust the transverse contraction in the plastic range decoupled with the help of an additional material parameter If you for example notice that the von Mises law does not describe the transverse contraction correctly you can achieve an improved description with the help of the Wehmann model For Wehmann model as for von Mises a yield curve must be specified Course of the flow curve F General Plastic strain F
46. erations e g 10000 Termination criterion residual vector lt Epsilon e g 1e 7 Parameter for convergence acceleration shift factor Alpha between O and 1 good values may vary from 0 0001 to 1 start with 0 0001 SOR SORCG Termination criterion maximum number of iterations e g 10000 Termination criterion residual vector lt Epsilon e g 1e 7 Parameter for convergence acceleration relaxation factor Alpha between O and 2 good values may vary from 0 8 to 1 2 73 User Manual KB Non linear mechanical lw Een sorce Choose solver PARDISO PARDISO Failure theory O No reduced stresses von Mises stresses O Rankine principal stresses Tresca stresses Solver parameters gostesnssennecanvecsnuscsnsecanssssnucssnsecanssesnscsanecsanecsanscssnecsanecssnacsnnecsanecsnnecenusconnecanesssnessanecsaneatanecsanecesneey Calculation 3 St rt calculation Q PARDISO 7 F Solver parameters Eccoronnvansbsnoisevencereoaned Solution procedure Newton Raphson procedure O Arc length procedure Riks Automatic switching On Off Automatic switching On Off After every load step Number of iterations 20000 Residuum 1 000000E 008 Omega 1 000000E 000 Strategy of abort Norm lt TOL Also for increasing norm Number of load steps 5 Max iterations fio00 ts Residuum TOL 1
47. ernatively fixing constraints for sets of nodes in one or several spatial directions can be applied As a result the user gains information about the smallest natural frequency as well as the distortion of the component Module Z88NL i for non linear calculation Lastly there is the possibility to conduct non linear calculations of the structural mechanics Regarding the boundary conditions homogeneous and heterogeneous displacements different kinds of applying forces as well as pressure loads can be observed The equation solver Z88NL evaluates the Finite Element Analysis considering the geometrical nonlinearities or since V3 also considering non linear material behavior With this module the displacements Z88NLO2 TXT as well as Chauchy s stress Z88NLO3 TXT can be calculated for the the element types 1 Hexahedron with 8 nodes 4 truss 10 hexahedron with 20 nodes 7 plain stress element with 20 nodes 8 torus with 8 nodes 16 tetrahedron with 10 nodes and 17 tetrahedron with 4 nodes With this new Version Z88Aurora V3 three different plastic material laws can be calculated The Z88 philosophy is also valid for Z88Aurora Fast and compact Developed for PC no ported mainframe system full 64 bit support for Windows Linux and Mac native Windows and Mac OS X programs no emulations Windows and Mac OS X versions use the same computing kernels full data exchange from and to CAD systems AutoCAD DXF STP STL
48. escending fragmentation local y direction uniform ascending or descending fragmentation local z direction uniform ascending or descending fragmentation 48 a nn User Manual gt click on ate aa the rule for meshing is created The data for the rule can be displayed any time m Create mesh or create another rule only one rule can be defined per set Close gt either IE gt leave the menu with C All elements Element type Type no 7 x Local x direction Divide uniformly in ascending equid decre incre or descending order value 6 p Number of fragmentations ges SB TEE per super structure Local z direction CI equid decre incre Value fo TA Create mesh with all Rule for meshing is created dh Add Create mesh active rules Rule is deleted pelete El Remove mesh Mesh is deleted Close menu 3 close R Mesh info Mesh is checked Ei Rule Rule Ts tt FAR L rt De al a E K J u i TT m eo i E x g i L i y Super element structure FE structure Figure 43 menu Super elements of the mesh generator Z88N A After creating the mesh the rules for meshing are deleted 49 LOG aco User Manual Refining a tetrahedron mesh With this option it is possible to improve already existing tetrahedron meshes With picking a set can be created with the tetrahedron that should be refined
49. ettina Alber Laukant Dipl Wirtsch Ing Reinhard Hackenschmidt Dipl Ing Daniel Billenstein Kevin Deese M Sc Christian Dinkel M Sc Pascal Diwisch M Sc Michael Frisch M Sc Christian Glenk M Sc Dipl Ing Daniel Goller Stefan Hautsch M Sc Dipl Ing Claudia Kleinschrodt Dr Ing Martin Neidnicht Dipl Ing Florian Nuetzel Dr Ing Bernd Roith Frank Rudolph M Sc Dr Ing Alexander Troll Dipl Ing Felix Viebahn Dr Ing Christoph Wehmann Dr Ing Jochen Zapf Dipl Ing Markus Zimmermann Dr Ing Martin Zimmermann Solver Z88R W15 0 Pre and Postprozessing Z88Aurora Version 3 0 0 Oct 30 2014 14 12 39 Floats 8 Bytes Integers 4 Bytes Pointers 8 Bytes Compiled with FR_GLAREA Oct 30 2014 14212739 First start of 788Aurora V3 since installation Please choose paths of external software Figure 87 Information about Z88Aurora Ape Support A Homepage See www z88 de for further information DS Email If you need support z88aurora uni bayreuth de 96 Pahi Aurora User Manual 1708 tJ Forum On the homepage you can find a forum where you can discuss Z88 topics and issues with other users Find Us On f facebook 1 For Development news on Z88Aurora All duplication rights remain with the Chair for Engineering Design and CAD author Dr B Alber Laukant 8 LITERATURE RHA14 Rieg F Hackenschmidt R Alber Laukant B Finite Element Analysis for Engineers B
50. g the media player with which you can play the instruction videos e g Windows Media Player C Program Files Windows Media Player wmplayer exe 86 Pahi Aurora User Manual 1708 Browser Selecting the browser with which you can view the homepage and the user forum directly from Z88Aurora e g Internet Explorer C Program Files Internet Explorer iexplore exe PDF Reader Selecting the PDF reader with which you can open the Z88 user manual and theory manual e g Adobe Acrobat Reader C Program Files Adobe Reader 9 0 Reader AcroRd32 exe The dialogue and the information windows are closed with Ok The changend values and settings will be applied after restarting 288 Aurora Afterwards you can restart Z88Aurora 87 LOG rox User Manual 7 BAY QP HELP AND SUPPORT Help Z88Aurora offers you several different help functions which can be used separately Following is an overview of the separate help components The icon in the icon menu bar opens the popup menu for the selection of the single help modules User manual Theory manual Element library X Cancel Figure 84 Help options H Video manual To make learning easier video sequences dealing with some special topics are available The videos are accessed via the menu Video manual 88 a nn User Manual File View Pre processor Solver Post processor Tools Baam S DM i2 Linear mechanical w a g A SPI
51. ively Mac OS X ex 10 6 Linux 64 bit e Graphics requirements OpenGL driver e Main memory for 32 bit 512 MB minimum for 64 bit 1 GB minimum e Documentary and videos require PDF reader videoplayer browser INSTALLATION For more information see the installation guide which comes with the installation of the Z88Aurora package For starting either use the desktop icon 208 Z88Aurora V3 or open the program in the start menu Z88Aurora V3 gt Z88Aurora V3 If you haven t installed the desktop icon nor the start menu entry you can start the program via the Windows Explorer c Z88AuroaV3 win bin z88aurora exe DOCUMENTATION The Z88Aurora documentation consists of e User manual containing a detailed overview of GUI Graphical User Interface e Theory manual with an elaborate description of the embedded modules e Examples for the most common applications in mechanical analyses e Element library displaying the integrated element types in Z88Aurora Pahi Aurora User Manual 1708 e Video manual containing some topics of special interest e SPIDER Workflow Process support by a workflow tool LES nur User Manual TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 AN OVERVIEW OF THE USER INTERFACE s nsesesossssesosossesosossesososoesososoesososoesososoesososoesososoesososoesososoesesos 13 2 MENU BARS ee cues E EE cuca donensnneedaesne 13 3 k L gt I PROJECT FOLDER MANAGEMENT sscicncccassiecosswasscavecsiwanesesdencpavarvensseesse
52. low stress Description Number ei Add mm Delete Import Annotation Kae f Flow direction parameterw i z Course of the flow direction parameter w Material properties Linear Non linear Therma j En fix value Material model Ass Wehmann 0 500000E 000 Plastic strain Flow direction parameter w Flow curve i Add mm Delete Import lok x Abbrechen TEA Figure 59 Input of the material data for the material law Wehmann model In addition the flow direction parameter w has to be specified which can assume values between 0 and 1 see figure 59 right The parameter can be determined in a tensile test by including the measurement of the transverse contraction Using a circular sample having a diameter Do the cross sectional area A and length L results in the following determinative equation AD vF Dy EA a a F T L EA AD and Al are the change of diameter and the change of length Note that AD D Dy lt 0 and Al l L gt 0 are applied With E and v Young s modulus elastic Poisson s ratio are identified F is the force in the tensile test Further information on Wehmann model can be found in Wehm14 62 U 7668 Aurora User Manual In case that the parameter w according to the equation above for tensile test data is not constant the modified Wehmann model exists Once the selection is switched to Wehma
53. ly arranged settings and functionalities for the user the proceeding of FEA is displayed within the SPIDER work flow tool Help can be accessed via the F1 key You can choose between two different types of user support the work flow scheme or additional videos explanations or decision propositions gt Structure b R pre processor S Solver B P Post processor Workflow changes continuously with progress J PDF 8 video ld DSM J workflow M Informationen Schlie en Definition of material Mesh creation Ok Ok ean eg Best practices ICROS Figure 86 Work flow support SPIDER in Z88Aurora DIN ASTM Norm VDI RL 95 Structure h g Pre processor E Mesh Element parameters jee ef Material 4 Constraints BB Solver d Post processor J PDF g4 Video ld DSM J workflow Boundary conditions Informationen schlie en Processing Post solver processing Ok problems Dfx criteria 5 Knowledge base ZI User Manual About Z88Aurora f 788Aurora Version 3 0 0 Oct 30 2014 14 12 39 Info Advanced ser Inteif face fOr Reliable FEA A FREE Finite Elements Analysis Program with Pre and Postprozessing in ANSI C and Gtk for the MS Windows amp MAC OS X Composed and copyright by Frofessor Dr Ing Frank Rieg University of Bayreuth Germany Developed by Professor Dr Ing Frank Rieg Dr Ing B
54. n menu Depending on the selected mesher the mesh creation may take some time Please note the information window meshing and the status display Chose the accuracy of the mesh adequately to the size of your component 45 VIa User Manual is Proof Mesh As an additional function there is the feature proof mesh for the quality check of imported or self created meshes Please keep in mind that the results of the FE calculation are only plausible when you have a sufficiently good mesh Therefore always conduct a quality check at the end of the meshing If the mesh is faulty the flawed element is displayed in red view option mesh Additionally the file z88det txt is created in the project folder Q Mesh info D a mE fz p mee The mesh is not computable Elements see z88det txt The mesh is computable J PE h 1 4 Bs t i w we z88det txt Yee la faa Di ale y 77 Se pen Te EN doe se AY PN tae lt a EN PR K 5 g Be s Sa EN att T an gt et ote s aias N Gyiinia Ate y my f AT g BGE N lt Py Ma on AEE th Paes Ale 4 Fr A i ie mere he FAY a My Figure 41 Prove mesh 46 U 7668 Aurora User Manual Generatin Super elements mesh generator Z88N The mesh generator Z88N from Z88 is integrated in Z88Aurora with additional features e Z88N for hexahedrons tori plain s
55. nn w variable the additional material parameters can be entered see figure 60 Edit Course of the flow curve General Plastic strain Flow stress 0 0 600 Description Number fe Add mm Delete Import Annotation ox X Abbrechen C ma Course of the flow direction parameter w Material properties Linear Non linear Ther mah O fix value r Material model _f variable value Plastic strain Flow direction parameter w Wehmann 0 2 a Add mm Delete Import ox IX Abbrechen Figure 60 Input of the material data for the material law modified Wehmann lox a Abbrechen Entering the course of the w parameter is similar to the input of the flow curve see figure 60 right Again a file can be imported with the value pairs The file has the same structure as the one for the flow curve see figure 57 only the parameter w must be entered instead of the yield stress respectively Thereby the parameter is determined according to the equation below from tensile test data w 2 dep O Epi With the plastic transverse strain is denoted The following applies qq 2 an o Sete g Veg oe VS al Do Do E q Ep So the course of
56. nyaentweserestoraneanse 15 3 1 D CREATING AIVEW PROJECT FOLDER siniset iati to ine nani taa E EE TEENE EEEE EEE A EEE EEEN 15 3 2 m OPENING AF ROI CT FOLDER nee een ae eee EE TEE 16 3 3 Bicos a PROI TEF DER ae ee R E A E eee 17 3 4 PROJECT FOLDER MANAGEMENT IN THE TEXT MENU BAR nseanssenssennssenssennnnnnnnnnnnonnnnnnnnnnsnnnsnnnnsnnnsnonsnensnnnnsnnnennnnn 17 3 5 PR TR PROJECT E ee EEE E E E E E N 17 4 ULE WV vic seaic stint neste restep waists comnente dana nesen punta van saean sae puntesena pee une swan ese pemenenmsanens ne nedeesan cane seme tenn eea semen ese ensaesantemereneeee 19 AL ORAS ee ee ee see ees 19 4 2 6 2 CAE SET ee cine ee sein ee eines een sce eae eee 21 3 BOO Rs 21 4 4 ees DEPA ae eee see esa toc ets eects ne ee et 21 4 5 fy ti fy 2 VIEWS AND VIEW OPTIONS nen ee AEA A E 23 4 6 amp i ip ases REEL EEE EESRRNGE 23 Wee VS NOAE ec creer er ee E ee fae re ee en ee tose tune een 23 y Labels Elements se ee ee 24 AP Labels Nodes and Elements sccseesiccccansarececastiecsesstvexsansasansnctabeunendesesanneeoes dureneesavaeveceansarsaceuseasaresaveceannes 24 hide all labels Nodes and Elements nee een en en een le are 24 4 7 ER a A ae 6 SIZE OF BOUNDARY CONDITIONS GAUSS POINTS PICK POINTS ccssecccceseccccssecccateeecnsees 24 BR size f boundary conditions a lea 24 s3 A size oro PO aa ee R E 24 ER Size of Pick Points once ee er ee 25 5 36 CONTEXT SENSITIVE SIDE MENUS sicacoxaseanacnenssacesaseseneneseease
57. oO Set management Every selection done by the picking menu can be saved as a marker Simply click on Add at the marker you would like to save These markers serve as starting basis for defining sets and later on applying boundary conditions material assignments refinements of tetrahedrons or displaying options With Boolean operators several markers can be added or trimmed When you achieve the desired result click on Add Set 39 Marks de Add mm Delete Saved selected areas Boolean operation gt ale fe Add set mm Delete set Set2 Added sets Set3 Set4 Figure 34 Markers and sets in the picking menu pau Delete ce E Prim m oie set XY T x DOR rr aS Hy xi y Y a N KR rt Sati EENE TE ye i SERPS TA Dee AE RR AANA 97272 al RN EN Mr AVA nen ae N a i ie an HK BAA MN N an at PR KR Figure 35 Boolean operation to create a set from a combination of different markers 266 Aurora User Manual BP Creating FE Structures Trusses Beams Like in Z88 V14 OS it is possible in Z88Aurora to create and calculate truss and beam structures Create structural elements S gt rf Nodes and Create element Create truss or beam structure Set Administration gt Picking Not selectable without import Figure 36 Creating structural elements In the submenu Creating nodes and elements nodes
58. oe EL I b _ FEPFEPEFEPE EI ey EEE Le ee es Le ee Deselection of B N M a nodalareas u E a a a oa an Gr a Strg Single node Selection of selection nodal area Selection of additional 4 nodalareas Figure 3 Keyboard layout 14 a 76868 Aurora User Manual 3 b gt I PROJECT FOLDER MANAGEMENT Depending on the status of the project it is possible to launch a new project folder or to open an existing project Options which aren t accessible at the time are displayed in grey shows or hides location File ViewNpreprocessor Solver Postprocessor Tools Help Linear mechanical v i gt BS EI A create new folder jecon Qax A Program Files zes win bin Create roffer 30 view 7 Selection of directory in which the new folder should be created ame do Recently Used of Add Benove t zj X Cancel m Figure 4 Project folder management of Z88Aurora 3 10 Creating a New Project Folder gt Create a new folder gt Enter folder name Name gt Confirm 1 Return gt Click OK to confirm The input mask disappears and you can start the compilation of the computation model A For further use the project folder can be put into the quick access gt Add 15 a 56 Aurora User Manual create new folder A Z88AuroraV2 win bin Create Folder Location Project_1 fm Projec
59. on Material properties Linear Non linear Thermal Heat conductivity 0 000000E 000 Heat expansion 0 000000E 000 Km Figure 53 Input for thermal analyses Youngs modulus 210000 00 Heat conductivity 4 60E 001 Densaty 7 956 009 Heat expar si r 1116 005 Poisson ratio fo 30 Figure 54 Context menu material parameters II Only the material properties required by the respective type of analysis have to be entered 58 56 Aurora User Manual 1708 A Please note that you have to enter a dot as decimal point and that the material name must be unique e g construction steel1 construction steel2 etc edit With the pushbutton you can edit already entered materials A copy of the material is created so that the data base remains consistent gt Define gt Delete With it is deleted the material is added to the structure with If you want to apply one material to the whole structure set a check mark at All elements Otherwise you can apply different materials to different elements sets e g to create a Close bimetal With the data base is saved and the tab is closed IS Materialmodels In nonlinear analyses different material laws can be chosen to consider elastic or plastic material behavior Table 3 Overview of material models Young s Poisson material behavior Modulus Ratio Further parameter v x Von Mises elastic pl
60. ph M Sc Dr Ing Alexander Troll Dipl Ing Felix Viebahn Dr Ing Christoph Wehmann Dr Ing Jochen Zapf Dipl Ing Markus Zimmermann Dr Ing Martin Zimmermann All rights reserved by the editor Version 3 March 2015 ZN rsx is a registered trademark No 30 2009 064 238 of Professor Dr Ing Frank Rieg Pahi Aurora User Manual 1708 ABOUT Z88AURORA AND WHAT S NEW IN Z88AURORA V3 Z88 is a software package for solving structural mechanical static problems with the aid of the Finite Element Analysis FEA which is available under the GNU GPL as free software with source code The software originally created by Professor Frank Rieg in 1986 is currently being further developed by a team of ten under the supervision of Professor Rieg at the University of Bayreuth In addition to the present compact Z88 which is currently available in the 14 version an extended program Z88Aurora is on the market since 2009 Z88Aurora is based on Z88 and is available for Windows 32 bit and 64 bit Linux 64 bit and Mac OS X for free download as an executable file In addition to the efficient solvers contained in Z88 Z88Aurora offers a graphic user interface a completely new preprocessor and an extension of the approved postprocessor Z880 Developing Z88Aurora great importance was attached to intuitive operation Since version V2 Z88Aurora offers in addition to static strength analysis a material database containing more than 50 establish
61. ra an editor for creating beam and truss elements is included The required nodes for creating the structure can be entered by using coordinates the coincidence is created via the graphic user interface This is explained using an example of a gear shaft St fp e Shell thickener Clipping Example submarine iaka A submarine which was constructed in Pro ENGINEER as shell structure is imported with the NASTRAN interface and thickened to create a volume shell in Z88Aurora The displacements and stresses in the submarine s hull should be calculated in the case of a dive depth of 50 m The submarine is supposed to float in the water thus it is fixed in Z88Aurora via a virtual fixed point e ABAQUS import line load Example 3D gear In this example a gear which was imported as ABAQUS INP file is calculated This is done with a static load so it cannot replace a strain calculation according to DIN 3990 The gear in this example is an involute spur gear without any deviations in the tooth flank The gear body is constructed out of ribs to save weight 92 56 Aurora User Manual 1708 e Natural frequency Example Drum W A popular example natural frequency analysis is the oscillating drumhead because it can be calculated analytically as well This is an example for pure natural frequency because the drumhead achieves steady state final tone only after one stroke because of the equilibrium between mass inertia and rese
62. s The function Size of Pick Points causes the shown pick points to be displayed enlarged or reduced in the menu boundary conditions 25 LES nur User Manual 24 CONTEXT SENSITIVE SIDE MENUS When you have started a project you can perform different actions You can display and alter an existing project but you can also import a structure from a CAD program as well as from an FE program 5 1 Import of CAD and FE Data After creating a new project folder it is possible to import geometry data as well as FE structures and to continue using them in Z88Aurora You will find an overview of the available formats in Figure 18 Geometry ti gt ae STL file SE STEP file lee stp FE structure dxf gt BF AutoCAD DXF Nastran file nas inp FF Abaqus file Ansys file lt ans E z88il txt COS 2 Cosmos file 208 Z88 file eo z88i2 txt z88i5 txt z88ni txt Figure 19 Import and export options in Z88Aurora Compatibility with other versions of Z88 For users who have already worked with Z88V14 OS there is the possibility to import existing Z88 input files into Aurora In the process the definition files required by Z88Aurora are created automatically Amore profound insight into the file structure of Z88Aurora is offered by chapter 3 of the Theory Manual The input files Z8811 TXT Z8812 TXT Z8813 TXT Z8815 TXT and the mesh generator file Z88NI TXT can be imported
63. s Help DOM roson v tea waa Beo9R OSs thee STEH BEE F FO SF RR BEF Ceeeneon FA Mi o 30 view SE TE TO u Icon menu bar with tool tips Advanced Tab bar User InteR face Or Reliable Work space Ein Freeware Programm fuer die Finite Elemente Analyse mit Prae und Postprozessor in ANSI C und Gtk fuer MS Windows amp MAC OS X Entwickelt von Professor Dr Ing Frank Rieg Dr Ing Bettina Alber Laukant Dipl Wirtsch Ing Reinhard Hackenschemudt Dipl Math Martin Neidnicht Dipl Ing Florian Muetzel Dr Ing Bernd Roith Dr Ing Alexander Troll Dipl Ing Christoph Wehmann Dipl Ing Jochen Zapf Dipl Ing Markus Zimmermann Dr Ing Martin Zi Michael Frisch M Sc FE Solver ZBER V15 0 Prae and Postprozessing Z688 Aurora Z68Aurora Version 2 0 Feb 7 2012 14 04 24 status Z88 Aurora started No working directory Figure 1 User interface of Z88Aurora V3 2 MENU BARS Several menu bars are of importance for operation The four icon menu bars provide quick access to all functions of Z88Aurora The main functions of the first icon menu bar such as preprocessor Rx open additional side menus The four main functions Import preprocessor solver and post processor are also on the F keys F2 F5 available The other three icon menu bars contain view color and import options and the functionalities for the preprocessor The text menu bar contains all functionalities of the icon menu bar
64. sent to z88aurora uni bayreuth de In addition FAQs are available on the homepage www z88 de Pahi Aurora User Manual 1708 LICENSE Software Products Z88Aurora Software as delivered Software Licensor Chair for Engineering Design and CAD LCAD This is a legal agreement between you the end user and Chair for Engineering Design and CAD Universitaetsstr 30 95447 Bayreuth Germany By installing by downloading or by agreeing to the integrated conditions of this End User License Agreement you are agreeing to be bound by the terms of this agreement If you do not agree to the terms of this agreement promptly return the Software and the accompanying items including written materials and binders or other containers to the place you obtained them for a full refund 1 Grant of license This LCAD license agreement license permits you to use a copy of the Software acquired with this license on any computer in multiple number of installations The Software is in use on a computer when it is loaded into the temporary memory or installed into the permanent memory e g hard disk CD ROM or other storage device of that computer 2 Copyright The Software is owned by LCAD and is protected by copyright laws international treaty provisions and other national laws Therefore you must treat the Software like any other copyrighted material e g a book There is no right to use trademarks pictures documentation e g withou
65. stem Labels Figure 25 Tool bar Import Import Text Menu Bar JES View Pre processor Solver Post processor anical F p BB Jietee RES alris ge CETE Figure 26 Export menu A currently loaded FE structure can be written out again using the export function as an STL file 31 LOG co User Manual 5 2 BS Preprocessor Clicking the preprocessor icon opens the context sensitive side menu Preprocessor Figure 27 you can either create a FE structure or mesh an imported geometry Afterwards it is possible to select a material from the database or to edit your own material In addition all mechanical boundary conditions can be applied All possibilities of the preprocessor are introduced separately below Create structural elements Create a truss or beam structure p Nodes and Create element Mesh create tetrahedron mesh generation of 4 Tetrahedron S super elements Set Administration superelements Picking and B Picking set management Element parameter Profile for truss Isein Thickness thickness of shells and beam structures Material Z88 Aurora _ gt RIE Database material database Constraints apply constraints __ _ Define Figure 27 Side menu Preprocessor Preprocessor in the text menu bar All functions of the preprocessor can be accessed via the text menu bar amp Mesh Tetrahedrons amp Mesh Superelements
66. t force The fixing of the drumhead at the frame allows only certain modal form vectors which can be described with mathematical methods These form vectors should be simulated in FEA as well ri yA e Thermo mechanics Example Spoon As example for heat flow and temperature analysis a spoon which is hold with one hand and used for eating soup should be simulated The spoon was constructed in Pro ENGINEER and imported as stl file into Z88Aurora and was then meshed At the handle the temperature is defined by the temperature of the hand the heat flow through the handle is caused by the heat of the soup e Geometric nonlinearity Example Hinge In this example a hinge to lock a cylindrical truss in position is examined The clamping force is very high so there are great deformations e Material non linearity Example Ball coupling In this example a heavy loaded ball coupling is considered These couplings are used in agricultural engineering In the notches plastic deformations occur so that taking plasticity into account leads to significantly improved stress results 93 LES nur 94 User Manual e Material non linearity Example Tensile test co This example deals with the simulation of a tensile test with the different material models which can be chosen The models are compared to each other in order to explain the differences aP 66 Aurora User Manual M SPIDER support To achieve clear
67. t naming LCAD 3 Other restrictions You may not rent or lease the Software but you may transfer your rights under this LCAD license agreement on a permanent basis provided you transfer all copies of the Software and all written materials and the recipient agrees to the terms of this agreement You may not reverse engineer decompile or disassemble the Software Any transfer must include the most recent update and all prior versions The Software is for calculation Finite Element Structures there is no warranty for accuracy of the given results 4 Warranties LOG soca User Manual LCAD gives no warrants the Software will perform substantially in accordance with the accompanying documentation Any implied warranties on the Software are not given 5 No liability for consequential damages In no event shall LCAD be liable for any other damages whatsoever including without limitation damages for loss of business profits business interruption loss of business information or other pecuniary loss personal damage arising out of the use of or inability to use this Software product even if LCAD has been advised of the possibility of such damages 7 Governing Law This Agreement shall be governed exclusively by and be construed in accordance with the laws of Germany without giving effect to conflict of laws SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS e Operating systems Microsoft Windows XP Vista Windows 7 or Windows 8 1 32 and 64 bit respect
68. t_1 N new folder name double click i to activate folder sfa Add Remove X Kom add folder to quick access confirm or SP Add to Bookmarks Show Hidden Files Show Size Column Figure 5 Launching a new project folder 3 2 Opening a Project Folder gt Select a project folder to open gt Click OK to confirm The project is displayed in the work area 16 choose existing project A Z88AuroraV2 win bin rests Create Folder Location Recently Used available data in the project confirm Figure 6 Opening an existing project folder 56 Aurora User Manual 1708 gt Generally it is possible to open the current project folder directly at the GUI with a double click see Figure 7 Z88Aurora started 3 C Z88AuroraV2b win start Beispiel1a yy Figure 7 Direct file picker 3 3 Mclosing a Project Folder With this button the presently open project folder is closed A You must always close the current project folder before creating a new one or opening another project 3 4 Project Folder Management in the Text Menu Bar In addition to the icon menu bar Z88Aurora possesses a text menu bar above the icon menu bar This either contains further functionalities or you can access the same functions as in the icon menu bar The text menu bar with its respective functions is described in the corresponding chapters Functionalities which aren t avail
69. ted no limits tested a a very stable and gradients solver with more than 12 reliable solver eae With pre Mio DOF ona bse medium for very large 8 conditioning normal PC structures The module Z88NL represents a solver for nonlinear calculation Nonlinearities can either be geometrical origin or material nonlinearities for which the stress strain relationships are nonlinear Regarding the material properties Young s modulus and Poisson s ratio are required for pure geometrical nonlinearity just like for the linear solver Z88R For material nonlinearities additional data such as the flow curve have to be specified see section 5 2 The same boundary conditions as in the linear mechanical calculation can be applied Following elements can be handled with geometrical nonlinearity Type 1 hexahedron with 8 nodes type 4 3dimensional truss type 7 plain stress element with 8 nodes type 8 torus with 8 nodes type 10 hexahedron with 20 nodes type 16 tetrahedron with 10 nodes and type 17 tetrahedron with 4 nodes Type 1 and type 16 can be used for material nonlinearities The main difference to linear calculation is the parameterization of the solvers which are described in detail in the theory manual Also the postprocessor is different Now results for every load step are available This affects both the node based results of displacements and the integration point based stress results For stress results the comparison stress is
70. tem Labels is used to indicate the respective nodes and element numbers of selected objects and contains the following sub items amp Labels Nodes A window appears in which the numbers of the desired nodes must be entered The dialog is ended with OK 23 KO nur User Manual P Labels Elements Similar to Labels gt nodes the desired element numbers must be entered in order to display them E Labels Nodes and Elements This function displays the labels of all nodes and elements A Please keep in mind that this function might make the display of big structures with many elements and nodes confusing and apart from that may influence the speed of the program negatively depending on the hardware used Hide all labels Nodes and Elements This function hides the labels of all nodes and elements 4 7 ZF AARE size of Boundary Conditions Gauss Points Pick Points size of boundary conditions The function Size of boundary conditions causes the shown boundary conditions to be displayed enlarged or reduced in the preprocessor menu A size of Gauss Points With the menu item Size of Gaussian points the size of the calculated Gaussian points depicted here in the Z88Aurora postprocessor is defined Figure 18 Size of boundary conditions 24 User Manual Groesse Randbedingungen Figure 18 Display of boundary conditions and Gaussian points ER Size of Pick Point
71. that the shown boundary conditions are displayed at a larger or smaller scale in the preprocessor menu S Z SFTVIeAROEP ARSE Figure 66 Changing the size of boundary conditions The labeling of the boundary conditions is not scaled by the size of the component If you do not see applied boundary conditions please change the size via the tool bar View or the sub item Size of boundary conditions in the View menu 68 Pahi Aurora User Manual 1708 5 3 HB Solver The solver is the heart of the program system It calculates the element stiffness matrices compiles the total stiffness matrix scales the system of equations solves the huge system of equations and stores the displacements the nodal forces and stresses The linear Solvers Z88R and Z88RS Z88 features three different solvers 69 A Cholesky solver without fill in It is easy to handle and very fast for small and medium structures However like any direct solver Z88F reacts badly on ill numbered nodes but you may improve the situation with the Cuthill McKee program Z88H Z88F is your choice for small and medium structures up to 20 000 30 000 degrees of freedom A direct sparse matrix solver with fill in It uses the so called PARDISO solver This solver is very fast but uses very much dynamic memory It is your choice for medium structures up to 150 000 degrees of freedom A sparse matrix iteration solver It solves the system of equations by the
72. the plastic transverse strain plotted over the plastic elongation is to be determined from the tensile test The gradient of this curve corresponds to the w parameter Also applies O lt w lt 1 here For further information on the theoretical background of modified Wehmann model we refer to Wehm14 63 LES nur User Manual Applying Boundary Conditions Z88Aurora offers the possibility to define all boundary conditions within the preprocessor Boundary conditions can only be applied to sets so first of all these have to be defined with a Picking 7 for more information see chapter Picking All mechanical and Pressure for tetra thermal boundary con hedrons hexahedrons ditions and volume shells Figure 61 Picking options for boundary conditions Imported structures can either be calculated with the existing boundary conditions in Z88Aurora or new entries can be applied For imported boundary conditions sets are created automatically that can be viewed in boundary conditions menu 1Z Linear mechanical nd lt Static thermal Ir For both types of analysis and two different views of the menu are available that can be selected in the upper left corner of the menu 64 m aV 56 Aurora User Manual r Directions Rotations C x direction C X Axis _ y direction C Y Axis C z direction C Z Axis Boundary conditions are dependent on the type of analysis Type Displacemen
73. tomatically in the project file directory it is called Postinfo_Fixed csv the name is a combination of PostInfo and the set name It can be seen that the type of the output file Fixed is Nodes with a number count of 745 nodes The following table 4 shows the shortcuts of the output data file 82 Pahi Aurora User Manual 1708 Table 4 shortcuts of the Postinfo file It is also possible the currently displayed deformed structure to save as an STL file This is available for all element types except the structural elements type 2 4 5 9 13 and 25 83 ES rox User Manual 6 TOOLS 6 1 Analysis For exact analysis of an FE mesh or an imported model you can get information about nodes elements and surfaces via Analysis You select in the respective picking menu the object and go to Tools gt Analysis With measuring you can view the special orientation of two nodes Via gt select object Informations are displayed Node information Element information Surface information Messen Type Distance Diameter O Volume Area Please choose two nodes Schlie en Figure 81 Tool for analysis Q e 6 2 Edit STL Switched surfaces in STL import files that cause a meshing abort can be repaired via the tool edit STL To do this select Edit STL in the Tools menu the switched surfaces are displayed in red click on one green element 84 U
74. tress elements plate and volume shells e Tetrahedron refiner e Shell thickener Volume shell e STL refiner These features are openend with the icon SE Super elements in the preprocessor menu Bt Menu Pre Create structural elements rocessor E Nodes and Create element Z88N mesh generator Mesh gt Tetrahedron amp super elemeftts Set Administration FR Picking Element parameter d Section H Thickness Material Ill Database Constraints A Defi ne Figure 42 menu Preprocessor with the start icon Super elements of the mesh generator Z88N 47 LOG hruror User Manual Usage of Z88N in Z88Aurora The mesh generator can create 2 or 3 dimensional FE structures from super structures Generating a mesh is only possible with continuum elements Table 2 offers an overview of the possible FE structures Table 2 Overview of possible super structures in Z88Aurora Super structure Plane Stress Element No 7 Plane Stress Element No 11 Torus No 12 Hexahedron No 10 Hexahedron No 10 Hexahedron No 1 Plate No 20 Plate No 20 Shell No 21 In all spatial directions a super structure can be refined uniformly in ascending or descending order For this element sets must be created the rules for meshing must be defined and afterwards meshed For example gt Define 3 element sets change to super elements Define element type gt local x direction uniform ascending or d
75. ts Pressure Force uniformly distributed Surface load Projected surface load Line load Projected line load Value Zn gt ___ Define value Figure 62 Creating boundary conditions In order to apply a boundary condition proceed as follows gt Select analysis type gt Select set gt Select Directions Rotations e g x direction gt Select type e g Displacements gt Enter value e g O gt Enter name e g fixed F In the OpenGL window the boundary condition appears with the respective color o gt 65 User Manual Directions Rotations C x direction C X Axis _ y direction C Y Axis C z direction C Z Axis IZ O Displacements t DISPLACEMENTS O Pressure Sm N PRESSURE Force uniformly distributed te O Surface load FORCE UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED O Projected surface load FORCE DISTRIBUTED Line load Projected line load L Type O Temperature u TEMPERATURE Heat flow uniformly distributed HEAT FLOW UNIFORMLY DISTRIBUTED Heat flow line uniformly distribute O Heat flow distributed lt lt HEAT FLUX O Heat flux HEAT FLOW DISTRIBUTED Constraints Define name Administration ERROR Name Ly Was WsSsss di Add Delete SHIT N Show all Close Fixed_ Fixed_2 O Ground Check mark activates Show all boundary conditions boundary condition Figure
76. version of Z88Aurora offers a material database containing more than 50 established construction materials I Z88Aurora Material Database The Z88Aurora material database is selected in the preprocessor menu Br via the button Il or via Preprocessor gt Material Database To facilitate your work with Z88Aurora several materials such as miscellaneous types of steel and aluminum have already been predefined If you select a material from the list on the left its allocated properties can be viewed in Details Figure 51 If a material should be edited a copy of the material is created so that the internal data base remains consistent The flow curves are not copied by non linear material Already existing materials from other projects can also be imported E Diew i Material database 3 Assigned material Adminstratisn jo ive None Seta nora nave Joesswion une OO 3 E Engineering steel MatSet3 Engineering steel E295 1 0050 Create new material set 1 fe add Create new material 1s Engineering steel E795 1 0030 Himmi Edit existing material zZ Structural steel SZR 1200347 Himm t 3 Structural steel 527312 1 0145 Himmi Details View material properties 4 Heat resisting steel FZ50GH LHe Himmi 5 case hardened steel C1SE 1 1141 Mimmit Import Import material G Engineering steel C1GE 1i171 Himi Export Export material 7 Alloyed case hardening steel 15NiCr13 1 597532 Nimmt
77. y checking the corresponding output data set on the left side Furthermore the user can set the separator space or semicolon and the decimal separator for the output data Please note which language setting the data processing software such as MS Excel has For the node set Fixed with all selected output data the table looks like figure 73 for example A B E D E F G H l J K L M 1 name Fixed 2 count 745 3 Kind Nodes 4 Nr X disX disY disZ disMag Fmag stress 3 1001 4 03E 01 2 20E 01 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 5 10E 01 3 46E 01 3 96E 00 6 17E 01 4 25E 01 6 1002 3 94E 01 2 20E 01 3 98E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 3 31E 01 2 43E 01 7 59E 00 4 17E 01 4 56E 01 7 1003 3 77E 01 2 20E 01 6 72E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 145E41 1 24E 01 6 32E 00 2 01E 01 4 27E 01 8 1004 3 57E 01 2 20E 01 8 49E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 90E 01 8 27E 00 2 64E 00 2 09E 01 3 57E 01 9 1005 3 23E 01 2 20E 01 9 94E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 1 32E 01 4 37E 00 2 81E 00 1 42E 01 2 65E 01 10 1006 2 87E 01 2 20E 01 1 01E 01 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 6 79E 00 1 33E 00 3 95E 00 7 97E 00 1 82E 01 11 1007 2 50E 01 2 20E 01 8 90E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 8 41E 01 7 92E 01 2 77E 00 3 00E 00 1 27E 01 12 1008 2 27E 01 2 20E 01 7 17E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 0 00E 00 4 54E 01 4 30E 02 1 65E 00 1 71E 00 9 12E 00 Figure 80 Example of a Postinfo file The file itself will be saved au

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