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1. Sizer analysette 22 Page 45 The windows of the measuring cell must be checked if no satisfactory result is obtained even after a long period of flushing Any dust sticking to the outer side of the windows may only be brushed away very carefully using a very fine hair pencil optician quality Any particles sticking to the inside of the windows can only be removed after opening the measuring cell see Point 14 1 Cleaning the measuring cell A further way of checking is possible after calling up the program section Fine Beam Alignment The height of the lines in the graphic display indicate the contamination still present Coarse component on left hand side fine component on right hand side See also Point 4 1 2 12 8 Cleaning the Solids Dispersion Unit After completing the actual measurement itself ie when the message wait program running appears on the monitor it is possible to stop the supply of new solids by depressing the Stop Down key on the solids dispersion unit For as long as the compressed air remains activated the rotating brush is blown out and is thereby cleaned automatically The hose connection and the exhaust nozzle in the test unit also clean themselves automatically The extractor which is still active up until this point removes all remaining traces of the sample Blowing out with compressed air is sufficient to clean the sample cylinder before adding the next sample After unscrewing the right
2. Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 14 Approximately 6 cm of very clear test liquid is poured into the ultrasonic bath of the dispersion unit and the circulating pump switched on After the pump has been running for a short time it is switched off briefly and after some 10 secs is switched on again This procedure is used for bleeding the pump system and should be repeated as many times as necessary until no more air bubbles enter the bath from the inlet The beam alignment can be checked see 4 3 after filling the ultrasonic bath with clear liquid However adjustment is only necessary in a very small number of Cases In the main menu the function key F 4 is used to call up the subroutine Background measurement Background neasurenent Press RETURN to interrupt Directly following this the intensities of the 31 channels are displayed symbolically on the monitor The image is cleared automatically after a few seconds and the data obtained during this measurement and thus the characteristics of the test liquid or the background are stored in the computer for later evaluation Background measurement values are retained even when the unit is switched off and are taken as the basis for all subsequent measurement calculations The values of the old measurement are only overwritten and thereby lost when a new background measurement is performed The background measurement can be interrupted prematurely by depr
3. 3 8 i o SCH 70 Zellakstaad 42 c PE C E MEM SEM Bean Obscuration 10 2 7 Average 3 4 Mean Square Deviation 2 2 microns Measure Reliability 9 97 Hunber of Iterations 67 All Data obtained using Rosin Ramaler Fit Use arrows paging up and dow date 01 37 37 tine 16 99 measure a 3 30179 2ellabstand 42 class size frequency size integral frequency microns 7 microns 7 eee e eee a o o te 4 60 rot E E Ee Eet uo 9 0609 33 39 bebe Em aa tn a WEN gt C2 2 6 a CAA P PO Ex Use arrows paging up 1 date 31 97 37 tine 16 09 neasure 2 BCR 79 Zellabstand 42 class size frequency size integral frequency 1 Z nicrons microns WOLA GS We wll E gt 39 L uU bt wes 3 Kapen Poe e eee o o e eto So nC 07 Gor Je Cg 3 os e e e ok WO gt BOLI EN 97 4 Ee o ewo oo MD OO e ee 2 2 do C a fO da o ee tne tubs toros Use arrows for paying up and down t date 01 87 37 tine 16 18 neasure 3 ICR 19 Cellabstand 42 class size Frequency
4. EE 8 1 Saving on Floppy Disk ETE TS 5465 8 2 Loading from Floppy Disk 8 3 Deleting on Floppy Disk paste vedi ene e a e viae 8 4 Formatting A New Floppy Disk Vasa s e epe 8 5 Displaying the Floppy Disk Directory 8 6 Creating Reference Files 9 Loading and Fading In Comparative Curves 10 Consideration of Oversize ccce coe eese eese 11 Special Options 11 4 Log Normal Distribution 12 Overlapping Measurement scccccccrccccccsecccccccasceccsscces 12 1 Input of Parameters and Remarks 633 9 es 464 12 1 1 Set Date Ee eus 2 5057 12 1 2 Set Time E P 12 1 3 Enter Notes 12 1 4 Measurement Number 12 1 5 Maximum Iteration WESS e Pe Sedan uude sies eene 12 1 6 Selection of Fixed Values um for Tabular Printer 12 1 7 Measuring Time 12 2 Selecting and Adjusting the Measuring Range esos ei 12 3 Backgr
5. West M i Ke 0 70 man 2208 01 2 1 2146 93 4 1 2001 61 880 C 5000 3300 2 BI 555 TT H 82 12 g gt GE ac 547 TY H m 9 1 100 ER Dd rn eu 9 5 12 V 0 00 gt L Parts list Resistors 1 4 52 Capacitors RI 220R Ci 1500 R2 1 2 100 R3 4 10k 470 R5 470R C4 4700 u 25V Elko Semiconductor 555 Tl BC 557 T2 BC 547 T3 BD 439 D1 2 1 4148 23 4 1 N 4001 5 1 N 5402 611 B 80 C 5000 Circiut diagram for stirrer Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 65 ultra sonic 15V ultra sonic power supply Circuit diagram suspension unit Laser Particle Sizer analvsette 22 z rH mg a5 95 be 5 Page 66 withe usar preme Freimasetalerensen mms mme SE D 6580 IDAR OBERSTEIN LE EE Benennung Stab Se Pe Sa See SCHALTPLAN MESSEINHEIT lt e Aenderun T Name zy 88 60 92 1916 1985 1104 19501 ZZ 9 ASA OUY Yayyjassay noqa10495400q0 HOSLIMJ 91 Sl 92 10 VK 62 IE LL OL 68 4 9 2222227772222 a AIA S 2 ooo freee SS ex amp 22722271222277127227727 727227272772722777327 Umm ILLE 9 ZF BE
6. like total surface area of the sample E g the monitor displays Date 01 07 87 Time 15 26 Measurement No 17 BCR Standard 66 Surface Area Calculation 0 0072 mm Median Diameter Surface Area Volume Sv 83 740 10 cm2 cm 3 Area mass Sm 31 719 73 cm2 g 1 Do you want to calculate Surface Area mass y n After replying with y and then entering the specific density and initiating with RETURN Please enter Density in g cm3 2 64 The result appears in a line below the surface area Sv This is followed by the question of whether a changed shape factor Standard 1 is to be input Calculation done with shape factor 1 Do you want to change shape factor y n e g y and 1 3 Max Slope is 88 84 Degrees at 1 00 microns After the calculation has been completed the maximum slope of the cumulative curve is specified This program is exited with RETURN A copy of the results can be printed out by entering SHIFT PrtSc and RETURN Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 31 11 2 Overlapping Two Results From the Special Options menu the function key F2 Overlapping two results is used to call up the program for calculating one total curve made up of two matching individual measurements carried out independently of each other The measurement in direct succession of a sample with a particle size distribu tion wider than 3 decades is discussed in detail in section 12 Using the method describ
7. 15 volts has to be disconnected Open the right side cover This cover moves like the main middle cover i e is to be opened like a door after unscrewing the 2 lower front screws With a caliber measure the distance between the flange and the plate which holds the sensor in position This makes sure that the new sensor may be fixed in same position as the old one Unscrew the lower screw on the left side of the right side flange which enables to adjust and fix the sensor plate in z direction adjust in left and right directions this screw is spring loaded Move as much as possible without destroying something the black plate bearing the sensor and amplifiers to the right side so that you may look on the silicon surface of the sensor By means of for example a small screwdriver disconnect the plug and the lower part from the sensor Bringing the screwdriver carefully into the split between plug and sensor after turning it slightly the plug may at first be loosen and finally be disconnected Unscrew the 4 nuts which fix the sensor on the bearing plate Keep the washers Now you may lift off the sensor The new sensor with cover must now be connected to the plug and after this contrived to the 4 screws each screw must wear one washer Put on the second washer on each screw and fix the nuts but not too strong The torque you may apply with two fingers is sufficient Now the cover may be removed Bring the plate in upright posit
8. the relative intensities of the 31 measuring channels are displayed on the monitor in symbolic form in a similar way to the background measurement Press CTRL C to interrupt calculation After a few seconds the text wait program running appears above this bar chart to indicate that the measurement has been completed and that mathematical eva luation of the measurement has begun When measuring with the solids dispersion unit the dosing piston feed can be deactivated at this point depress key Stop Down The measurement results remain stored when the computer is swi ched off even if they have not been stored on the floppy disk Results can only be deleted by overwriting with a new measurement The main menu reappears on the monitor If a background measurement was not performed before the particle size distribu tion measurement a note appears on the monitor Measure background first In this case this background measurement must be selected in the main menu see Point 5 3 measurements with the liquid dispersion unit hereby first require the ultrasonic bath to be reflushed and thus the measuring cell refilled with clear test liquid 5 7 Flushing the Liquid Dispersion Unit As soon as the measurement itself has been completed the measuring cell must be flushed The test sample should not be left unnecessarily in the supply unit and thereby in the test circuit as a whole over any long period of time Under no
9. Delete on floppy disk Catalog of Files Create Reference Files Back to Main Menu the corresponding subroutine can be called up via the function keys 8 1 Saving on Floppy Disk Depressing the function key F 1 Save on floppy disk calls up a subroutine which contains the results and their codes file name already stored on the floppy disk Input of a freely selectable designation of max 8 characters and initiation with RETURN results in the last result being written to the floppy disk The total storage space of a new floppy disk is approx 350 kbytes Up to the MS DOS 32 the max number of files which can be controlled is limited at approx 100 measuring results Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 25 8 2 Loading from Floppy Disk Depressing the function key F 2 Load from floppy disk calls up a subroutine which allows one old result stored on floppy disk to be reloaded into the current memory It there acts as if the measurement had only just been completed This loading process overwrites the current result i e the last measurement which is then no longer available If necessary save on floppy disk beforehand The floppy disk drive in the computer is used for loading old measurement results The flap of the disk drive is opened the disk inserted into the drive writing facing the flap and the flap then closed For loading in acordance with instructions on the monitor the cursor control keys Ar
10. GE ly tle list Unit Drawing for spare parts uring Meas Page 67 Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 ERSATZTEILLISTE LASER PARTIKEL SIZER MESSEINHEIT SPARE PARTS LIST LASER PARTICLE SIZER MEASURING UNIT arieine BEZEIGHNUNG 0 Keier 22 220 00 fur Nassmessung heusing for wet measurement S ooo Gece edo I M CAREER 2 83 00 00 Universal Combicon Filter universal combicon fiter 5 LUE OU EE melting fuse 2A slow sj o o locking switch 5 22 OV 23 09 1988 housing foot 7 sjo o e 9210810 Zy SU DN 6325 stroignt ER 933709 Gewndes f 43x6 DIN 914 headless pin Sd S 11 91 125 09 Zy Schraube M3x8 OIN 912 cylinder heod screw M3x8 eel 2240218 Verschiusskappe R ckwand reor stopper coo 5 3 9261 00 Grffschole recessed grip 15 E 8490515 Schiauen gies Silken tbe 10 6mme sien 3 15 3251800 Radeknpt w4 wei S 16 8470300 Befestigungs Schele 5 2 17 9281200 Rendeknopf M3 kurta kno M3 fs 2227000 Vorvestoer mit pre ampifer with sanso 19 81 742 OO Kabel f r Signalleitung cable for signal transmission 2 E assembli
11. Licence contract 1 The contract applies to the computer program recorded on the data carrier the description and operating instructions and other written materials accompanying the program hereafter called the software 2 FRITSCH GmbH grants the sinple not exclusive and personal right hereafter called the licence for the use of the software on one single computer i e with only one CPU and in only one place All further use is prohibited 3 The licensee is forbidden to do the following 31 To give or to make accessible to a third party the software accompanying written material without the written consent of Fritsch GmbH 32 To transfer the software to another computer via a network or transmission channel 33 To alter translate redevelope decompile or disassemble the software 3 4 To produce derivative works or to duplicate the written material to translate it for third parties to alter it or to produce works derived from the written material 4 Through the purchase of the analysette 22 laser particle sizer the licensee shall obtain ownership of the physical data carrier but not the ownership rights for the software itself FRITSCH GmbH retains the exclusive rights to the software In particular FRITSCH GmbH shall retain all publishing and processing rights and rights of use relating to the software Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 71 5 The software is protected by copyright
12. and variations re garding the type of calculation can be input with this submenu These data are output with each result stored with it and reloaded from floppy disk with each result Laser Particle Sizer 22 Page 9 LASER PARTICLE SIZER ANALYSETTE 22 Set Date Enter note Calculation Iteration Error Exit Progran 1 1 Set Date By pressing the function key F 1 Set Date the current date can be entered Not necessary where the computer has an integrated calendar and clock The line Last Date was shows the last date entered When a number is input for Enter Day initiation with RETURN a new date is written over the old one The procedure is the same for the month Enter Month and the year Enter Year The date already shown in Last Date was 3 is adopted by the computer if initiated with RETURN The program disregards any date specifications e g 32 13 1884 which are ob viously incorrect and issues the note wrong date The date then has to be input again 5 12 Set Time By pressing the function key F 2 Set Time the current time can be entered Not necessary where the computer has an integrated calendar and clock The current time is shown the bottom line Actual Time is The minutes and hours shown on the computer clock can be changed by entering new values It is also possible without entering new times to adopt th
13. circumstances may the conveyor pump of the liquid dispersion unit be switched off when there is a test sample in the test circuit The medium in the liquid circuit comes to rest when the conveyor pump is switched off The particles in the liquid then settle possibly resulting in blockages or particles being deposited in the hose system Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 18 If the IN hose connection is linked up to a connection on the supply system both ball valves are turned so that the tips of their rotary toggles point outwards Turning the rear ball valve drains the test circuit through the hose which is fitted to the rearmost hose nipple The front ball valve allows clean fresh flushing liquid to enter through the hose fitted to the foremost nipple If the flushing liquid cannot be supplied via a hose for any reason the front ball valve remains in the same position with the tip of the toggle pointing to the rear inwards and the flushing liquid enters the ultrasonic bath directly from above In each case it must be ensured that the level of the flushing liquid in the ultrasonic bath 18 no higher than approx 2 cm below the upper rim The effect of the flushing operation can be easily monitored by means of the program F 6 Feed sample since there is practically no beam absorption with clear liquid When the value of 0 absorption is obtained in flushing this corresponds to the value measured with clear liquid
14. connect the solids dispersion unit to the measuring unit as described in Point 3 12 During measurement a mechanically driven piston supplies the sample from the cylinder into which it has been filled to a rotating brush The brush picks up and disperses the sample whose quantity can be preset by adjusting the piston speed and transports it into an air current flowing across the brush brush air The indi vidual sample particles are carried via a connection hose to the measuring unit where they are redispersed with the aid of a secondary adjustable air current nozzle air and blown at high speed into the path of the laser beam The nozzle on the other side is attached to an extraction device which sucks the measured sample out of the measuring unit The dust extractor is automatically switched on whenever the air key on the unit is depressed This ensures that the samples transported into the unit are always removed Maximum dust extractor power is 100 Watts Before switching on the compressed air key it is imperative to insert the extraction hose of the dust extractor into the rear panel of the measuring unit and to switch on the dust extractor In preparation for measurement the electrical connection cable of the dust extrac tor must be plugged into the dispersion unit and the dust extractor switched on The unit can then be switched on via the ON OFF switch located on the inlet con nector for non heating apparatus an
15. field of the screen shown black in the figure above becomes smaller as the quantity increases The measurement can begin as soon as a stable dispersion has been achieved after a short time by means of the ultrasonic effect and the agitator Only small deviations are displayed in the most favourable measuring range between approx 7 and 15 beam absorption If the sample contains a relatively large component of fine grained material in the range 1 10 m the beam absorption percentage should lie in the lower range i e at around 10 If there is a high component of coarse grain material without fine grain component the measuring result is still acceptable even for concentrations up to approx 25 46 RETURN brings the main menu back onto the monitor Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 42 12 5 Feeding of Sample with the Solids Dispersion Unit Particle size distributions from 1 to approx 1160 um can be measured with the solids dispersion unit For dry measurement with the solids dispersion unit the sample is filled into the dispersion unit The unit is opened return travel activated by the STOP DOWN key and after the lower support plate has lowered the cylinder securing plate and the solids cylinder are lifted out from below In order to generate a flow of particles which is as homogenous as possible the solids cylinder must be filled uniformly Depending on the characteristics of the sample it is filled into
16. for the benefit of FRITSCH GmbH The licensee shall be permitted to make one single reserve copy for back up purposes In this case the licensee shall be obliged to make a note of the copyright of FRITSCH GmbH on the back up copy Copyright marks and registration numbers present in the software must not be removed It is expressly forbidden to copy or otherwise duplicate either the computer program or the written material either entirely or in part in original or altered form or mixed with other software or in a form incorporated in other software 6 It is expressly forbidden to release the software to a third party Transfer of the program package to a third party by the licensee shall only be permitted with the written consent of FRITSCH GmbH 7 The contract has no time limit If the licensee contravenes the conditions of this contract he shall forfeit the right to use In this case he shall be obliged to destroy the original program any existing copies the recorded computer program including any altered versions as well as the written material or to return these to FRITSCH GmbH upon demand 8 The licensee shall be liable to FRITSCH GmbH for and damage suffered by FRITSCH GmbH as a result of an infringement of these contractual conditions 9 FRITSCH GmbH shall be entitled to update or produce new or corrected versions of the software at its own discretion In this case exchange or updating of the software at the reque
17. in the last background zero measurement When performing a background measurement absorption is set at 0 When the light bar fills almost the entire field the measuring cell is as clean as it was for the last background measurement and the next measuring cycle can be performed The windows of the measuring cell must be checked if no satisfactory result is obtained even after a long period of flushing Any dust sticking to the outer side of the windows may only be brushed away very carefully using a very fine hair pencil optician quality Any particles sticking to the inside of the windows can only be removed after opening the measuring cell refer to Point 14 1 Cleaning the measuring cell A further way of checking is possible after calling up the program section Fine Beam Alignment The height of the lines in the graphic display indicate the contamination still present Coarse component on left hand side fine component on right hand side Refer also to Point 4 1 2 5 8 Cleaning the Solids Dispersion Unit After completing the actual measurement itself ie when the message wait program running appears on the monitor it is possible to stop the supply of new solids by depressing the Stop Down key on the solids dispersion unit For as long as the compressed air remains activated the rotating brush is blown out and is thereby cleaned automatically The hose connection and the exhaust nozzle in the test unit also clean thems
18. into 31 classes These components are rigidly con nected by a special mechanical construction with the entire extremely stable struc ture being mounted on a flexible support in a sturdy housing so as to prevent exter nal mechanical influences from affecting the optical system The dispersion unit for measuring samples in suspension contains an ultrasonic bath an agitator and a centrifugal pump for dispersing and transporting the solid sample and is connected to the measuring unit by hoses The interfaced screen computer controls the measuring sequence and calculates the measurement results These are then displayed printed out stored or transfer red to a central computer as required For dry measurement of an air borne particle beam a dispersion and suction unit is placed in the measuring unit The solid sample is prepared in the dry dispersion unit used as well as or instead of the supply unit for measurements in suspensions 3 Setting Up the Instrument The analysette 22 should be set up on flat stable base It need not be secured to the base Mechanical vibrations or oscillations can affect the validity of the measu rements Similarly high temperatures sunshine heating units etc dusty environ ments where dust may penetrate the measuring unit and extreme humidity 2 8596 must be avoided While the instrument is in operation the ambient temperature must not exceed 35 C or drop below 10 C It can be stored
19. menu it is operated in a similar way and its use therefore requires no additional training 12 1 Input of Parameters and Remarks In the Main Menu Overlapping depress function key 1 to call up Initialisation Before measurements are begun the date time parameters for the documentation consecutive number of the measurements to be performed and variations regarding the type of calculation can be input with this submenu These data are also output with each result LASER PARTICLE SIZER ANALYSETTE 22 Initialisation Overlapping Set Date Fixed values for tabular printer F2 Set Time Enter Note 74 Measurement Number Maximus Iteration Measuring Time Back to Main Menu Overlapping Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 35 12 1 1 Set Date By pressing the function key F 1 Set Date the current date can be entered Not necessary where the computer has an integrated calendar and clock The line Last Date was shows the last date entered When a number is input for Enter Day initiation with RETURN a new date is written over the old one The procedure is the same for the month Enter Month and the year Enter Year The date already shown in Last Date was is adopted by the computer if initiated with RETURN The program disregards any date specifications e g 32 13 1884 which are obviously incorrect and issues the note wrong date The date then has to be i
20. over the course of time to clean the inside of the measuring cell This is necessary for example when a large number of small light spots can be seen on the inside of the windows when the measuring cell is right over at the left hand side with laser beam activated and these spots cannot be removed by repeated rinsing The laser must be deactivated for disassembling the measuring cell After the measuring unit is opened the two bolts on the right hand side are undone using a 5 mm Allen key and the cell is lifted out to the front It is advisable not to detach the hoses until the measuring cell has been lifted out since this prevents any dirt from entering the measuring unit Before disassembling the measuring cell and cleaning the windows flow disk and sealing rings a washing bottle with distilled water and special lens cleaning paper is prepared on a clean bench The 4 mm Allen key is used to undo the 4 bolts holding together the two halves of the measuring cell One half of the cell is then carefully lifted off Care should be taken not to touch the windows plane parallel plates and they must also not be allowed to fall out After the two open halves of the measuring cell have been placed next to each other on clean paper the flow disk is lifted off very carefully and placed to one side and the windows are carefully lifted out and put down on the special paper Great care must be taken in cleaning the windows They should
21. rr errr reer rrr Performing Measurements Input of Parameters and Remarks Set Date Set Time TP es ocd ees eon Enter Hotes Measurement Number Calculation Type 55 Selection of Fixed Values um for Tabular Printer Maximum Iteration TT SNE KE Measuring Time er ss paie eic siete NE Exit Program PPP Selection and Adjustment of the Measurement Range Background Measurement e RE es Feeding of Sample with Liquid Dispersion Unit Feeding of Sample with the Solids Dispersion Unit Measuring Particle Size Distribution eue Flushing the Liquid Dispersion Unit Cleaning the Solids Dispersion Unit Presenting Measurement Results 4 Rapid Storage of the Results Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 881210 8 Uc 4 4 Aa C 10 10 10 11 11 11 12 12 12 13 14 16 17 18 18 19 20 25 Point 8 Disk Handling
22. size integral frequency arcrons 7 microns 7 ee o e o o COL Co CS Cot 8 9 WA Ca P9 P9 gt 0 0 4 N I 3D 2 he OP CO PO er tow ce ee see br E sap TTT tatcm coco gt By depressing the function key 3 Tabular Data Monitor a string of images can be called up with the individual values of the results in tabular form and can be faded onto the monitor one after the other by paging using the cursor control keys Laser Particle Sizer analyserte 22 Page 23 By depressing the function key F 5 Tabular data printer the results data are output in text mode at the printer This form of results output offers particularly fast documentation of test results FRITSCH LASER PARTICLE SIZER ANALYSETTE 22 Parameters Measurement No 57 Date 09 11 87 Time 12 57 d10 27 89 d50 84 23 d90 198 78 micron Polyester SIZECLASS micron FREQ CUMUL LOW AVERAGE HIGH 5 4 2 4 9 5 2 0 29 0 29 5 2 5 6 6 0 0 21 0 50 6 0 6 4 6 9 0 23 0 73 6 9 7 4 7 9 0 24 0 97 7 9 8 4 9 1 0 26 1 22 9 1 9 7 10 4 0 32 1 54 10 4 11 1 11 9 0 41 1 95 11 9 12 7 13 6 0 52 2 47 13 6 14 6 15 6 0 66 3 13 15 6 16 7 17 9 0 85 3 98 17 9 19 2 20 5 1 09 5 07 2
23. the card This spot of light will have a sharp edge and no other light spots will be visible If the image on the card does not agree with this description the diaphragm must be readjusted The diaphragm is fixed in position in the brass screw and is shifted in longitudinal direction by turning the screw The brass screw supporting the diaphragm is fixed to one side of a 3 section flange which can be moved in x y direction If the brass screw has been moved only slightly its position along the unit s longitudinal axis remaining practically the same the correction in x direction is all that is required for readjustment Two pair of pins fitted at right angles to each other serve as precision guides in the 3 section flange connection of lens system to diaphragm The first flange section is fixed to the lens system the second can be moved in x direction via a pair of alignment pins and the third section can be moved in direction via a pair of alignment pins fixed to the second section The sections are moved by turning a threaded pin with hexagon socket 1 5 mm Fitted on the opposing side of these adjustment screws are spring mounted studs for fixing the flanges Before the setting can be adjusted by turning the threaded pins the spring mounted studs on the opposite sides must be unscrewed slightly The threaded pins are then screwed in and out using a suitable Allen key until the image on the card takes the requi
24. the optics flange to the rear panel The hose for connecting a dust extractor is inserted from outside into the outer opening of the hose flange order no 43 902 00 Conversion from measurement with dry dispersion unit to measurement with suspension is performed in the reverse sequence of steps 14 3 Checking the Ampliflers Located immediately to the right of the sensor in the test unit is a PCB which accommodates the preamplifiers The operational amplifiers accommodated here on stable bases are part of the group of components pretested during continuous testing and selected according to the stringent guidelines of the MIL SPECS A special program has been created in the computer to check these components and indicates the starting values of all 31 test channels and of the diode housed in the center behind the sensor To call up this control program it is necessary to exit the main test program of the analysette 22 To do so press function key F 1 Initialisation in the main menu and then press function key F 9 Exit Program The program is exited by entering Y in reply to the question whether this is really desired The character gt indicates that the system level has been called up Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 54 The subdirectory SERVICE is now called up by making the following input and by selecting the special program from this subdirectory C gt cd service lt RETURN gt 0 523012 R
25. then jumps back to the menu for disk processing 8 5 Displaying the Floppy Disk Directory By depressing the function key F 5 Catalog of files the contents of the floppy disk in the disk drive are listed on the monitor Disk drive closed For paging through the directory the cursor control keys Arrow up and Arrow down are used to select the appropriate page of the file directory The program is left by pressing the ESC key 8 6 Creating Reference Files By depressing the function key F6 Create reference file a program corresponding to Point 8 2 is called up which allows two reference files for Automatic Measurement Point 13 to be loaded from the floppy disk to the hard disk From there they are incorporated upon output of the automatically measured and printed out results Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 27 9 Loading and Fading In Comparative Curves Very positive advantages can be derived from loading additional curves if either calibration substances are to be used for comparative purposes or a range of scatter is to be specified for the measurement by means of upper and lower limits In this way nominal actual comparisons are possible and decision criteria displayed immediately on the monitor The floppy disk containing the measurement results which are to be loaded as comparative curves is placed in the disk drive The disk drive is then closed In the subroutine Present results the fun
26. where a distribution is to be calculated using ROSIN RAMLER double logarithmic RRSB distribution a 2 is input and ini tiation performed with RETURN If the Model Independent distribution is to be calculated a 1 is input causing this submenu to be faded back onto the monitor It is only possible to exit from this subroutine by entering one of these two num bers This program section cannot be exited by entering RETURN See also 18 4 5 1 6 Selection of Fixed Values 7o jum for Tabular Printer By pressing the function key F 6 Fixed values 9 jum for tabular printer fixed points for results output can be selected This subroutine can be used to select up to five fixed values in advance It is possi ble to freely select either the percentages for particular particle sizes or the particle sizes for particular percentages This is particularly useful where specific percenta ges or particle sizes are required for the evaluation of the results Since a spline function is used to calculate the interim values any percentage or particle size can be entered e g inputs such as 10 20 50 63 2 and 90 The corresponding particle sizes are then calculated and printed out in a small table when the tabular values are output See example on p 25 Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 11 5 1 7 Maximum Iteration By pressing the function key F 7 Maximum Iteration the criterion for interrupting the calculation o
27. 0 5 21 9 23 6 1 42 6 50 23 6 25 2 27 0 1 81 8 31 27 0 28 8 31 0 2 26 10 57 31 0 33 1 35 0 2 57 13 31 35 5 37 9 40 7 3 22 16 53 40 7 43 4 46 6 3 80 20 33 46 6 49 8 53 4 4 52 24 85 53 4 57 0 61 1 5 27 30 11 61 1 65 3 70 0 6 01 36 13 70 0 74 7 80 2 7 12 43 25 80 2 85 6 92 0 7 77 51 02 92 0 98 4 105 9 8 33 59 35 105 9 113 4 122 4 8 97 68 14 122 4 131 5 142 6 7 78 75 92 142 6 153 8 167 6 6 53 82 45 167 6 181 3 199 5 5 27 87 73 199 5 217 8 242 2 4 73 92 46 242 2 266 6 303 9 3 90 96 37 303 9 341 2 406 3 2 34 98 70 406 3 471 4 601 5 1 30 100 00 Fixed Particle Size Screenings 0 32 lt 5 00 microns 1 63 lt 10 00 microns 5 51 amp lt 20 00 microns 5 02 lt 50 00 microns 0 27 5 lt 100 00 microns Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 24 7 Rapid Storage of the Resuits In submenu Present results it is possible by depressing function key F 9 Save on floppy disk to jump directly from the program for displaying the results into the storage program The program itself does not differ from the program described in Point 8 1 below This method simply serves to cut the path via the main menu and the submenu F 7 Disk handling 8 Disk Handling The subroutine Disk utilities for working with floppy disks is called up in the main menu By pressing the function key F 7 Disk handling LASER PARTICLE SIZER ANALYSETTE 22 Disk Handling Save on floppy disk T2 Load fron floppy disk Format Disk 4
28. 2 4 Electrical Fuses The equipment fuses are located in the plug receptacles of the measuring and con trol units and the screen computer and can be pulled out after opening the cover Spare fine wire fuse 2 A semi delay 5 x 20 4 Initial Installation After the measuring system has been set up and all hoses and electrical supply and signal lines connected the first step is to switch on the screen computer Drive A the floppy disk drive is open and contains no floppy disk The supply and measuring units and the printer are not switched on until the computer has been activated If the computer has been switched off during operation it is necessary to switch off the supply unit switch on the computer and only then switch the supply unit back on before recommencing operation Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 4 After the screen computer has been switched on the program starts automatically and after a few seconds a FRITSCH emblem and copyright information is faded onto the monitor The opening menu is then displayed Drive A disk drive initially remains empty Only when the opening menu is dis played can the floppy disk be inserted into drive A writing facing flap and the flap closed The main menu appears on the monitor LASER PARTICLE SIZER ANALYSETTE 22 Disk Handling Present Results Overlapping 4 1 Preparation for Initial Alignment of the Laser Beam Although the instrument has been adju
29. 7 0 16 0 53 0 27 0 29 0 31 0 19 0 72 0 31 0 33 0 36 0 19 0 91 0 36 0 38 0 41 0 22 1 13 0 41 0 44 0 47 0 22 1 35 0 47 0 50 0 54 0 28 1 63 0 54 0 58 0 62 0 28 1 92 0 62 0 66 0 71 0 31 2 23 0 71 0 76 0 81 0 35 2 57 0 81 0 87 0 93 0 41 2 98 0 93 0 99 1 07 0 41 3 39 1 07 1 14 1 22 0 41 3 80 1 22 1 31 1 40 0 44 4 24 1 40 1 50 1 61 0 44 4 68 1 61 1 71 1 84 0 47 5 15 1 84 1 96 2 11 0 47 5 62 2 11 2 25 2 41 0 50 6 12 2 41 2 58 2 76 0 57 6 69 2 76 2 95 3 16 0 63 7 32 3 16 3 38 3 63 0 69 8 01 3 63 3 89 4 18 0 75 8 76 4 18 4 47 4 83 0 88 9 64 4 83 5 19 5 63 1 00 10 64 5 63 6 07 6 61 1 26 11 90 6 52 6 96 7 47 1 00 12 90 7 47 7 98 8 56 1 30 14 20 8 56 9 14 9 82 1 80 16 00 9 82 10 49 11 25 1 90 17 90 11 25 12 02 12 90 2 10 20 00 12 90 13 79 14 79 2 50 22 50 14 79 15 79 16 95 2 90 25 40 16 95 18 10 19 42 3 70 29 10 19 42 20 74 22 24 4 30 33 40 22 24 23 73 25 48 4 60 38 00 25 48 27 22 29 17 5 40 43 40 29 17 31 12 33 40 6 90 50 30 33 40 35 68 38 35 8 00 58 30 38 35 41 02 44 12 8 80 67 10 44 12 47 23 51 00 8 30 75 40 51 00 54 77 59 43 6 20 81 60 59 43 64 10 69 82 6 20 87 80 69 82 75 54 83 14 4 80 92 60 83 14 90 74 100 91 4 10 96 70 100 91 111 08 126 63 2 60 99 30 126 63 142 18 169 29 0 60 99 90 169 29 196 40 250 62 0 10 100 00 Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 49 13 Automatic Sequence of Measurements It is also possible to automatically link up the sequence of measurement evaluation and output of results and storage of the measure
30. 8 6 in the Disk handling menu This subroutine is used to copy the curves onto the hard disk From the hard disk they are then incorporated into an automatic measurement at the appropriate moment during results presentation The program sequences thus determined are then started by selecting the 2nd line 2 Start The entire measurement program then runs automatically If a further automatic measurement is to follow Automatic Measurement is again selected via function key F 5 and the measurement sequence directly re started with the second line The sequence last chosen will remain valid and can be started in this way until a new sequence is selected The manipulations required e g for cleaning or flushing the ultrasonic bath and the measuring cell or for releasing the measurement after input of the sample are performed by the program Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 50 If background measurement is required a sequence used for controlling flushing is called up before the program is run again This sequence is illustrated in a similar way to Feed sample Flushing should be continued until the beam absorption lies between 0 1 or until the light part the beam fills the whole field Of course it is also possible to suppress the display of any result on the monitor or for example to output only the measurement parameters and the tabular data to a printer the storage can also be freely selected The
31. ETURN A numerical matrix appears the screen after a short time When the laser beam and dispersion unit are switched on these values provide the starting values of the signal for each channel amplified in the preamplifier Beginning with the central diode first value first line and column the values of the individual channels are specified line by line counted from inside to outside in the sensor ADC 0MS230 MUX DMS 233 SCAN OVER 2 MUXE TOTAL 32 CHANNELS CHANNELS ARE SHOWN FROM INSIDE TO OUTSIDE 2 4800 VOLT 0 0175 VOLT 0 0200 VOLT 0 0425 VOLT 0 0650 VOLT 0 1050 VOLT 0 1375 VOLT 0 1775 VOLT 0 0425 VOLT 0 0200 VOLT 0 0225 VOLT 0 0650 VOLT 0 0650 VOLT 0 0925 VOLT 0 1250 VOLT 0 1350 VOLT 0 0050 VOLT 0 0150 VOLT 0 0275 VOLT 0 0900 VOLT 0 0900 VOLT 0 1200 VOLT 0 1450 VOLT 0 2075 VOLT 0 0150 VOLT 0 0200 VOLT 0 0350 VOLT 0 0800 VOLT 0 0800 VOLT 0 1000 VOLT 0 1300 VOLT 0 0875 VOLT The numbers of this matrix are constantly rewritten The deviations are only slight and the values are all negative If the measuring cell is clean almost no scattered light reaches the outer areas of the sensor Consequently the intensities issued from these areas voltages in VOLTS are also small They should correspond more or less to the values given as examples above If an amplifier fails the corresponding value is either very small a few millivolts i e the amplifier does not fu
32. H 08 231928 uejuud occ 086 006 yybiay UPIM eyeJg 1ubue uEejndujoo 1 5 Gt ueuuoeJuutuo spilg Computer Matrix printer Drawing for spare parts list Page 69 Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 ERSATZTEILLISTE LASER PARTIKEL SIZER 3ILOSCHIRMRECHNER MATRIX ORUCKER 1 22 2204 97 99 1988 SPARE PARTS LIST LASER PARTICLE SIZER SCREEN COMPUTER PRINTER GE 2 480 00 sereen computer Laat E 3 3 3szo0 Wevb Orke 7 EECHER 83 02 00 Papier f r Matrix Drucker 2000 Sk peser fer matrix printer 2000 pages 8 6 81 741 00 Druckerkobel m tor printer 8 Loser Drucker 53 003 00 Tonerkassette fir Loser rucker toner cossette for loser printer S SE Computer Matrix printer Spare parts list Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 70 ERSATZTEILLISTE NASS DISPERGIEREINHEIT 31 05 90 SPARE PARTS LIST wet dispersing unit A22 22 210 00 eeov Nummernschildschroube mit Kappe tube D 10 6 silicon tube D 10 6 viton ERSATZTEILLISTE Trocken Dispergiereinhert 17 08 89 SPARE PARTS LIST dry dispersing unit nee 22 810 00 uov 229 3 sesto av
33. Operating Instructions Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 FRITSCH GmbH Manufacturers of Laboratory Instruments IndustriestraBe 8 D 6580 Idar Oberstein Telefon 06784 700 Telex 4 26 203 frits d Telefax 06784 70 11 Point 1 2 e rd CO Ui 4 Operating Instructions Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 List of Contents Operating Principle General Description of the Instrument Setting Up the Instrument Hose Connections Liquid Dispersion Unit seis Solids Dispersion Unit Ub wie s Sie a ele uuo es Ve quine Electrical Connections m 4 Agreement of Voltage and Current S dE Ee deg Stability of the Supply Voltage Electrical Connection Lines cea t rales Electrical Fuses 42 4 Initial Installation Preparation for Initial Alignment of the Laser Beam Initial Alignment for Measurement in Suspension Liquid Initial Alignment for Measurement with Dry Dispersion Unit Coarse Beam Alignment Fine Beam Alignment Perr
34. TTE 22 Conversions Special Options Create Lotus 123 fil tron Single nessaraent 13 Fa Create MS Chart file from single measurement reate MS Chart file fron pma measurement 13 Create Lotus 123 file fron overlapping Measurement Back to Main Menu Special Options The following function keys are used for converting and renaming files F 1 Measurement results from individual measurements for MS Chart M F 3 Measurement results from overlapping two measurements for MS Chart M F 2 Measurement results from individual measurements for Lotus 123 and F 4 Measurement results from overlapping two curves for Lotus 123 Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 33 Before pressing a function key the floppy disk containing the appropriate stored measurement results must be inserted into disk drive A Writing facing the flap close disk drive After selecting a function key all the measurement results stored on the floppy disk are displayed on the monitor To load the first measurement curve intended for conversion in accordance with instructions on the monitor the cursor control keys Arrow up and Arrow down are used to page through the file directory and select the page required The key s for selection is then pressed On the monitor appears a marked area which is positioned over the relevant file name by means of the cursor control keys Following initiation with RETURN t
35. ack to the submenu 12 1 5 Maximum Iteration By pressing the function key F 5 Maximum Iteration the criteria for interrupting the calculation of the particle distribution can be specified This program can be used to alter the criteria for interrupting the calculation of particle size distribution Normally calculation is interrupted either when 15 iteration steps have been calculated or when the deviations from optimally matched values are smaller than 0 002 This limit value can be freely selected within the range of 0 0004 to 0 01 The closer the particle size distribution of the sample corresponds to a simple mathematical function e g a Gaussian distribution the lower e g 0 001 the limit value can be set 12 1 6 Selection of Fixed Values jum for Tabular Printer By pressing the function key F 6 Fixed values for tabular printer jum fixed points for results output can be selected This subroutine can be used to select up to five fixed values in advance It is possible to freely select either the percentages for particular particle sizes or the particle sizes for particular percentages This is particularly useful where specific percentages or particle sizes are required for the evaluation of the results Since a spline function is used to calculate the interim values any percentage or particle size can be entered e g inputs such as 10 20 50 63 2 and 9046 The corresponding particle sizes are then ca
36. aenienertenitne Trecken operatoret corii pem ary 5 s 22 8200 waenaspergerdueeei 5 7 e14s0 00 senater wer epe eee 5 EECHER EE eaw ron aman caw To eem mex wes 5 w sesseo smerwe mee 15 sese seweee emus me m swemuspecuee 3510100 5 s ssioscopeeree 2 9510496 18 95 105 00 flow governor 19 22 89616 stopple 20 22 897 16 brush GD 40 0 5 21 81 203 00 brush motor 22 81 204 00 feed motor 23 81 318 00 gear feed motor 24 81 470 00 Mikroschalter micro switch 25 82 202 00 bow denture ciutch 26 82 519 00 deep grove ball bearing 27 84 550 15 seal Turcon Variseal M o ESTE AA 5 4 Y pem rit Wars Se EN 7 2 2 2 2 2 7 D PA 026 L4 dr ch 18 mv ran 48 rt oN OY 4 rusa 2 4 Copyright The software for the Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 may be used only under the following conditions The end user accepts these contractual conditions from the start of software operation The following licence contract shall apply between FRITSCH GmbH Laborger tebau Idar Oberstein and the user
37. am is moved forwards by turning in the screw The screw located above the lenses moves the beam in vertical direction turning in the screw moves the beam upwards The fixing screws opposite the set screws are only secured in position once the beam has been aligned correctly The alignment is checked again with the unit clo sed Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 8 5 Performing Measurements After the measuring system has been set up all hoses fitted and all electrical power and signal lines connected the first step is to switch on the screen computer Drive A the floppy disk drive is open and contains no floppy The supply and mea suring units and the printer are not switched on until the computer has been activa ted After the screen computer has been switched on the program starts automatically and after a few seconds a FRITSCH emblem and copyright information is faded onto the monitor The main menu is then displayed LASER PARTICLE SIZER ANALYSETTE 22 Initialisation Measuring Range Fine amp Coarse Bean Align Background Measurement Autonatic Measurenent Peed Sample Disk Handling F 78 Measurexent Present Results F9 718 Overlapping 5 1 Input of Parameters and Remarks In the main menu depress function key to call up Initialisation Before measurements are begun the date time parameters for the documenta tion consecutive number of the measurements to be performed
38. ams Spare parts list Copyright Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 25 25 26 26 27 27 27 28 30 31 35 36 36 37 37 37 38 38 38 39 40 41 43 44 45 46 47 48 51 53 53 54 55 58 59 60 61 61 61 61 881210VB Operating Instructions Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 The Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 is a universally applicable unit for determi ning particle size distributions of all kinds of solids These can be measured either in suspension in a measuring cell or dry by feeding them through a solid particle doser The measuring range be selected between 0 16 jum and 1160 jum in as many individual steps as required by simply shifting the measuring cell along the sturdy support The required position of the measuring cell along a desired measuring range is displayed on the monitor The smallest range covers the particle sizes be tween 0 16 jum and 25 which of considerable interest in many cases and does so in high resolution The time required for a measurement is approximately 2 minutes 1 Operating Principle During irradiation of the sample a laser beam generates a diffraction pattern in which the laser light is deflected at various scatter angles depending on the grain size of the individual particles Particles having the same size scatter at the same angle and the intensity of the scattered light provides information on the relative number or q
39. ar data as printout F 6 Loading of comparative curves for presentation with current result Consideration of sieved values F 8 Special options F 9 Saving the current measurement results F10 Return to main menu A copy of the screen contents is output on the printer by simultaneously depressing the SHIFT and PRINTSCREEN keys identified by upwards pointing arrow and PrtSc Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 47 1 H 4 H ron 3 1 2 5 1 2 5 19 28 58 209 6 Proefstaal 2 Boden in Masser Ma4P20 Function key F 1 Frequency distribution microns f ad 5 1 2 5 16 28 59 198 208 50 1808 6 Proefstaal 2 Boden in Wasser Na4P207 Function key 2 Cumulative curve microns mH n 8 99 4 95 12 38 PARTICLE SIZER di 39 28 99 3 14100 Dee 99 1 al 2 45 1 2 3 18 2 59 100 204 50 199 6 microns Proefstaal 2 Boden in Hasser Na4P207 Function key F 4 Cumulative curve in log log network RRSB distribution aan Laser Particle Sizer anaivsetre 22 Page 8 sesexxxex FRITSCH PARTICLE SIZER K ANALYSETTE 22 re Parameters Measure num 6 Date 05 12 88 Time 14 00 Proefstaal 2 Boden in Wasser Na4P207 Sizeclass micron Freq 5 Cum freq Low Average High Ei 0 16 0 19 0 21 0 19 0 19 0 21 0 22 0 24 0 19 0 38 0 24 0 25 0 2
40. asured earlier must not be overwritten Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 41 12 4 Feeding of Sample with Liquid Dispersion Unit In the liquid dispersion unit the sample is added to the test liquid either dry or in the form of a suspension after being dispersed first in an external process prior to this the measuring range is set see Point 122 and a background measurement performed see Point 12 3 circulation pump and the agitator are switched on The quantity of sample fed into the ultrasonic bath can be checked by depressing the function key F 6 in the main menu to call up the Feed sample subroutine A bar chart then appears on the monitor which symbolically indicates the extinction of the laser beam Feed Sample Bean absorption 13 5 a 28 o Bean absorption should be 7 15 When image stabilizes press RETURN A small quantity of the sample to be examined approx 0 5 1 g is now fed into the ultrasonic bath and the latter then switched on if advantageous for dispersion Depending on the dispersibility of the sample it is either fed directly into the ultrasonic bath in dry form using a spatula or is first prepared in the test liquid in a separate dispersion process and is then added to the ultrasonic bath in the form of a suspension The quantity added is displayed in relative values on the computer screen No masses or quantities need therefore be measured out in advance The bright
41. code facilitating relocation of a specific result consisting of any 5 characters identifying the measurement series is automatically assigned a consecutive measurement number Since the computer s own clock automatically records the time and date of the measurement a clear allocation of the measurement to a result can also be ensured at a later date This result can also be loaded back from the save disk and evaluated at a very much later date In Automatic measurement in the Main Menu Overlapping the same procedure applies The programs are essentially identical The only deviation from the procedure described above is the moving of the measuring cell which is necessary within the background measurement and during measurement itself The loading of reference files in the Disk handling subroutine in the Main Menu Overlapping also follows the same procedure LASER PARTICLE SIZER ANALYSETTE 22 Main Menu Overlapping Automatic Measurewen L Selection 2 Start 3 Back to Main Menu ing Range ound Measurement Initialis Fine amp Coarse Bean Automatic Measur Disk Handling Present Results anple Measurenent Back to Main Menu Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 51 14 Maintenance 14 1 Cleaning the Measuring Cell It is generally sufficient to rinse the cell with clear liquid see Point 6 5 Depending on the characteristics of the measuring sample however it may also be necessary
42. ction key F 6 Load comparatives is used to call up a program for displaying 1 2 or 3 result curves of preceding measurements or curves entered from theoretical values at the same time as the current result after reloading from the floppy disk LASER PARTICLE SIZER ANALYSETTE 22 Present Results Frequency Distribution Tabular Data Monitor Tabular Data Printer Consider oversize Save on floppy disk Cumulative Curve Distribution Load comparative curves Special 5 Back to Main Menu The following options are then offered in the window 1 Superimpose one curve on current curve 2 Superimpose two curves on current curve 3 Superimpose three curves on current curve 4 Delete superimposed curves 5 Input theoretical curves 6 Back to previous program The display of existing superimposed curves ends in line 4 and the input of theoretical curves begins in line 6 It is also possible to interrupt the procedure in line 6 The highlighted cursor is located in the first line The number of curves to be loaded is selected by moving the cursor up or down using the cursor control keys The number chosen is confirmed by pressing the RETURN key A new window then opens on the monitor Curves which were previously called up may have been deleted during the loading process and may therefore no longer be available Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 28 Curv
43. d the air key on the smallr right hand con trol panel can be pressed The air flow can then be set to a value of between 1 5 and max 2 bar readable on the pressure gauge using the main pressure regula tion reducing valve A brush pressure of 0 7 bar is then set via the pressure brush regultion pressure gauge The pressure of the air flowing over the rotating brushes may in no case ex ceed 0 8 bar Excessive air pressure at this point will result in damage to the rotating brush bearings The pressure of the nozzle air is then set to a preliminary value of 0 5 bar using the pressure nozzle pressure gauge located on the left hand side This pressure may be raised to up to 1 5 bar depending on sample dispersibility If there is no great variation in the pressure of the air supply line it is suffi cient to check the air pressure values before measurement When performing a measurement the sample is first filled into the cylinder For this purpose the door in the right hand side is opened and after pressing the air key the support plate together with the piston operating within the cylinder is lowered by pressing the down key Simultaneaously pressing the air and down keys switched on the preset brush and nozzle air and thus also cleans the disper sion unit Once the lower support plate has been lowered the stop key is pressed this swit ches off both compressed air and feed The cylinder securing plate is then rem
44. e not free from disturbance spikes from switched inductive loads or clocked power sup ply units it is advisable to connect an upstream voltage stabilizer Order no 20 600 00 Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 3 3 2 3 Electrical Connection Lines Once the hose connections have been completed the signal and supply line con nections are then made The plug in connections of the screen computer are located behind the sliding doors on both sides The measuring unit and screen computer are connected by means of the accom panying shielded ribbon large connector fits into the measuring unit The cable lug connected to the ground wire is inserted underneath one of the screws on the metal computer chassis near the terminal strips and here screwed down securely The printer is linked to the computer by means of the accompanying connection cable Centronics connector The smaller cable with 9 pole connector on both sides is used for connecting the dispersion units to the measuring unit Sub D miniature connector The measuring and dispersion units the screen computer left side and the printer are each connected to the power supply network via separate power lines The enclosed supply cables with the plugs printed in red are intended for the dispersion units and measuring unit They have been specially produced and are fitted with electronic filters to ensure non disturbance operation They should not be exchan ged 3
45. e size distribution the designer always attempts to eliminate the influence of the operator as far as possible The influence of the applied physical process or its realization in the unit affects the final result If for example a particle size distribution is determined using the sedimentation process analysette 20 scanning photo sedimentograph at least slightly changed results can be expected since in this case the sedimentation speed equivalent diameters are determined in the same way as an image analysis being a plan view onto the particles shows up deviating shapes When measuring particle sizes using the analysis of a diffraction image all dimensions of the particles are seen and are taken into account accordingly in the result It also determines the length When the particle size distributions of various measuring processes are compared or transferred it is necessary for example to take this into account 16 3 Selection of Liquids for Suspensions Besides water a number of monovalent divalent and trivalent alcohols ethanol isopropanol glycol or glycerol gasolines petroleum ether mineral oils petroleum and organic oils soya oil nut oil can be used as test liquids It is also possible to use e g cyclic aromatic substances ring hydrocarbons such as toluene benzenes or aniline The system is also resistant to alkanes hexane heptane and aldehydes formaldehyde No other liquids may be used withour p
46. e time currently shown by initiating with RETURN The program then returns to the subroutine 5 1 3 Enter Notes By pressing the function key F 3 Enter notes notes on the measurement can be entered The last note is displayed in the bottom line and can be adopted by depressing the RETURN key By inputting a new note not longer than 40 characters only digits and upper case and lower case letters this is overwritten and stored by the com puter after initiation with RETURN The menu of the subroutine is then faded back onto the monitor Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 10 5 1 4 Measurement Number By pressing the function key 4 Measurement number the start number of the next measurement can be entered The number entered e g 1 is stored by the computer after initiation with RETURN is automatically incremented for each subsequent measurement and is printed out in the measurement logs In this way measurements can be differentia ted in the log even if they have been given the same notes After RETURN the program jumps back to the submenu 5 1 5 Calculation Type By pressing the function key F 5 Calculation type the algorithm which is to used for calculating the particle distribution can be entered Two algorithm types can be selected Firstly calculation of the particle distribution without specification of a specific model Model Independent This is recommen ded as standard For special cases
47. easily and quickly in an external ultrasonic bath In the case of soil samples for example a 0 1 sodium pyrophosphate solution is recommended as a dispersion agent The sample prepared in this way can then be measured in pure water 16 5 Measurement of Slightly Soluble Samples The analysette 22 laser particle sizer can also be used to measure samples which are only slightly soluble in liquid A saturated test liquid should be prepared In such a liquid the particle size cannot change due to dissolving and the test results are therefore not adulterated The saturated solution should however be filtered Off before usage In the case of extremely expensive products it may be worth while looking for a substitute substance which takes over the task of saturating the test liquid Laser Particle Sizer analyserte 22 Page 61 16 6 Calculation Method Based on Rosin Ramler RRSB For a number of applications it is preferable to present a particle size distribution in the RRSB network This form of presentation enables additional information to be gleaned The mass distribution cumulative curve undersize D as a function of a particle equivalent diameter is plotted in the RRSB network DIN 66145 named after the authors Rosin Ramler Sperling and Bennett If the grain size distribution function follows the RRSB function the distribution cumulative curve in this network takes the form of a straight line Using the program of the ana
48. ed measurements in the coarse particle range and measurements in the fine particle range can be carried out in a combined procedure The following information appears on the screen Overlapping two curves The cumulative curve will be shownl Press any key to continuel Press ESC to breakl This procedure overwrites the last superimposed curve i e where necessary this latter should first be stored See Point 7 and 8 1 The program is continued after first inserting the floppy disk containing the stored measurement results into disk drive A After pressing any key the disk contents are listed on the monitor To load the first measurement curve to be overlapped in accordance with instruc tions on the monitor the cursor control keys Arrow up and Arrow down are used to page through the file directory and select the page required The key s for selection is then pressed On the monitor appears a marked area which is positioned over the relevant file name by means of the cursor control keys Following initiation with RETURN the program automatically loads this measurement result By pressing lt ESC gt the program can be returned to the paging procedure pressing ESC once again returns the program to the menu After pressing RETURN the program automatically searches for other possible measurement curves in the fine or coarse ranges which correspond to this measurement curve defined by its measuring cell positio
49. elves automatically The extractor which is still active up until this point removes all remaining traces of the sample Blowing out with compressed air is sufficient to clean the sample cylinder before adding the next sample After unscrewing the right hand flange the rotating brush can be removed with the help of the threaded pin thread M4 and also blown out The brush must not be damaged during cleaning its outer edge is specially finished any loose or detached bristles must be removed After reinserting the brush the flange must be pushed in as far as it will go and screwed in securely at the correct angle Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 19 ahu 6 Presenting Measurement Results In the main menu LASER PARTICLE SIZER ANALYSETTE 22 the function key F 9 is used to call up the submenu Present results By activating certain function keys in this menu it is possible to select the manner in which the results are presented The results then appear immediately on the monitor or at the printer F 9 is used to call up the submenu Present results LASER PARTICLE SIZER ANALYSETTE 22 Present Results Ft 2 Cumulative Curve T4 RRSB Distribution 55 8 76 Load comparative curves m Special Prograns Back to Main Menu Frequency Distribution Tabular Data Monitor Tabular Data Printer Consider oversize Save on floppy disk F 1 Frequency d
50. epresentation Every time the cursor control keys are actuated left or right the bracket and therefore the measuring range in the display moves left or right If it is to be moved a larger distance the jump interval for the bracket can be increased by depressing the right hand SHIFT and cursor control keys simultaneously thereby allowing the set measuring range to be changed more quickly The required position of the measuring cell for the selected measuring range is displayed at the bottom of the monitor Set cell distance from detector to mm It is essential that the position specified at this point agrees with the actual position of the measuring cell Otherwise the subsequent measurement and calculation of the particle size distribution is worthless In order to move the measuring cell to the position prescribed by the computer the unit is opened and the cell moved by hand so that the indicator attached to the cell points to the number on the measuring strip which agrees with the number read off the monitor The accuracy required in setting the position is 1 mm For safety s sake a question is faded onto the monitor after this program section has been left which can only be answered with Y It is possible to jump back to the program again by entering ESC Two measurements with two different measuring ranges can be carried out directly one after the other to expand the measuring range Sec Section 12 Overlappin
51. es which were previously stored on the inserted floppy disk can be loaded from the file directory now visible which may be several pages long For loading in accordance with instructions on the monitor the cursor control keys Arrow up and Arrow down are used to page through the file directory and locate the page required The key s selection is then pressed In the current window appears a marked area which is positioned over the relevant file name by means of the cursor control keys Following initiation with RETURN the program automatically loads this measurement result The same is true for loading several curves as selected earlier in the process The program automatically jumps back to the subroutine Present results By depressing the keys F 2 Cumulative Curve or 4 RRSB Distribution the subsequently loaded curves can be called up on the monitor together with the current measurement result These curves remain visible until cancelled by deletion in conjunction with calling up a new measurement result as a cumulative curve or RRSB distribution The display of these additional curves is deleted by depressing the function key F 6 Load comparatives whereby the highlighted cursor is moved to the number 4 and initiated with RETURN To input theoretical curves the highlighted cursor is moved to the number 5 and initiated with RETURN Up to 30 pairs of granular size and frequencies can be entered in t
52. essing the RETURN key The program then jumps back to the main menu and the values from an earlier background measurement which are stored in the computer are retained unchanged This interruption may be necessary if for example the background measurement is selected unintentionally ie if the values measured earlier must not be overwritten Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 15 5 4 Feeding of Sample with Liquid Dispersion Unit In the liquid dispersion unit the sample is added to the test liquid either dry or in the form of a suspension after being dispersed first in an external process prior to this the measuring range is set see Point 5 2 and a background measurement performed see Point 5 3 the circulation pump and the agitator have been switched on The quantity of sample fed into the ultrasonic bath can be checked by calling up the Feed sample subroutine by depressing the function key F 6 in the main menu A bar chart then appears on the monitor which symbolically indicates the extinction of the laser beam Feed Sample Beam absorption 13 5 X ood 2 48 8 88 188 Bean absorption should be 7 15 7 When image stabilizes press RETURN A small quantity of the sample to be examined approx 0 5 1 g is now fed into the ultrasonic bath and the latter then switched on if advantageous for dispersion Depending on the dispersibility of the sample it is either fed directly into the ul
53. essing the function key F 10 Back to main menu the program returns to the main menu Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 12 5 2 Selection and Adjustment of the Measurement Range LASER PARTICLE SIZER ANALYSETTE 22 Disk Handling Present Results By pressing the function key F 2 in the main menu the Measuring range subroutine for entring the desired measuring range is called up A symbolic representation of the full range is then displayed on the screen more than 3 decades A bracket in the upper section of the image shows the current measuring range This measuring range is also displayed as a numerical value in microns lowest limit value of the smallest measuring channel or upper limit of the largest measuring channel in the line below the scale Size range selection E Ep p xr 18 2 8 489 microns 1 Size Pange 188 set cell distance from detector to 155 press RETURN after the setting In each case the measurement range encompasses more than 2 decades and can be continuously selected and adjusted in as many individual steps as required by simply shifting the measuring cell The smallest range covers the particle sizes 0 16 jum to 24 jum the largest range 8 jum to 1160 jum lower and upper class limits Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 13 By actuating the control keys for the cursor the measuring range is adjusted in accordance with the symbolic r
54. f the particle distribution can be specified This program can be used to alter the criteria for interrupting the calculation of particle size distribution Normally calculation is interrupted either when 15 itera tion steps have been calculated or when the deviations from optimally matched va lues are smaller than 0 002 This limit value can be freely selected within the range of 0 0004 to 0 01 The closer the particle size distribution of the sample corresponds to a simple mathematical function e g a Gaussian distribution the lower e g 0 001 the limit value can be set 5 1 8 Measuring Time By pressing the function key F 8 Measuring time the time for the measurement of particle size distri bution can be set This program can be used to alter the actual measuring time number of individual system measurements while the particle size distribution of one sample is being de termined By changing the multiplication factor standard 1 the measuring time can be extended by a factor of up to 100 If the maximum factor of 100 is entered the time taken to measure a sample will be 20 minutes 12 MHz clock frequency of the computer 5 1 9 Exit Program The function key F 9 Exit program is pressed to leave the program and return to the DOS system After answering the question on the screen with y All the data and notes input in these subroutines Initialisation are stored until new data are entered By pr
55. fter some 10 sec is switched on again This procedure is used to bleed the pump system and should be repeated as many times as necessary until no more air bubbles enter the bath through the inlet Alignment can then begin 4 1 2 Initial Alignment for Measurement with Dry Dispersion Unit If measurements are to be performed with the dry dispersion unit no preparations are required for the alignment 4 2 Coarse Beam Alignment For this purpose function key F 3 is depressed to call up the program section Coarse amp fine beam alignment in the main menu as well as function key F 1 to call up the program section Coarse beam alignment in the following menu This program makes it possible to perform a coarse check of the laser beam alignment A symbolic representation on the monitor shows the sensor ring system and the position of the focussed beam The cursor flashes on the ring on which the laser beam is focussed or which is cur rently receiving the strongest light signal In a very light room it is quite possible that light falling on the outermost ring of the sensor from outside may produce the strongest signal In this case the cursor flashes on an outer ring even if this is already well aligned The actual position of the beam is shown once the cover has been closed If the system has been correct ly aligned it flashes in the centre of the concentric rings In the event that the laser or supply unit are not switc
56. g Measurements for a detailed description of measurements taken in direct succession 5 3 Background Measurement A background measurement must be performed before every measurement in order to eliminate the influence of the test liquid when performing measurements in suspension This applies particularly when the measuring range is changed During this process any slight contaminations detected during preceding measurements are recorded and their influence on the current result eliminated When performing measurements with the dry dispersion unit there is no need to perform another background measurement when the measuring range is changed since no disturbances can occur at any measuring position when performing the background measurement in the free jet There is also no need to perform any intermediate background measurement where several measurements are performed in suspension directly one after another without any change in the measuring range When expanding the measuring range by performing measurements with combinable measuring ranges in direct succession the background measurements are also carried out in direct succession In measurements of this type with a measuring range over 3 decades wide the movement of the measuring cell is controlled by the program via commands on the monitor See here Section 12 Overlapping Measurements where a subsequent background measurement is automatically carried out and is described in detail
57. g network RRSB distribution Laser Particle Sizer anaivsette 22 Page 21 The program automatically decides the scale of the abscissae scale of grain size in um for the graphic display If the lower measuring limit of the lowest measuring channel lies below 0 8 um the abscissa shown on the monitor is graduated from 0 1 to 100 um For these measurements the measuring cell is located at a position number less than 42 mm All measurements for which the cell is located further to the left Le at a value larger that 42 mm are displayed with the abscissae graduated from 1 um to 1000 um The examples given arc obtained from laboratory measurements The latter page shows a measurement of the BCR 70 standard The cell was positioned at 42 mm for the measurement The current page shows a measurement for glass The cell position in this case was 16 mm y Meashuaz 19 Z 62 97 81 FRITSCH PARTICLE SIZER 1013 23 i i t 4 445271 Glas 5 um Zellabstand 16 Shift amp Prt c for Hardcopy Function key F 1 Frequency distribution 1m size microns 192 97 37 199 13 2 easllunz 19 FRITSCH PARTICLE SIZER al UE N pe ci TE uad el i 1 St 1 10 Glas 5 um Zeilabstand 16 a site microns Shift 4 PrtSc for Hardcopy Function key 27 Cumulative curve Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 22 Ge eeh gate 44 91 22 tine 16 23
58. hand flange the rotating brush can be removed with the help of the threaded pin thread M4 and also blown out The brush must not be damaged during cleaning its outer edge is specially finished any loose or detached bristles must be removed After reinserting the brush the flange must be pushed in as far as it will go and screwed in securely at the correct angle Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 46 12 9 Presenting Measurement Results In the Main Menu Overlapping LASER PARTICLE SIZER ANALYSETTE 22 Main Menu Overlapping Initialisation n 5 Measuring Range Fine amp Coarse Bean Align F4 Background Measurenent Automatic Neasurenent Feed sanple Disk Handling Present Results Measurement Back to Main Menu the function key F 9 is used to call up the submenu Present results LASER PARTICLE SIZER ANALYSETTE 22 Present Results Overlapping Frequency Distribution Cumulative Curve Tabular Data Monitor F4 RRSB Distribution Tabular Data Printer F6 4 comparatives Back to Main Menu Ovenlapping By activating certain function keys in this menu it is possible to select the manner in which the results are presented The results then appear immediately on the monitor or at the printer F 1 Frequency distribution F 2 Cumulative curve F 3 Tabular data on the monitor F 4 Cumulative curve in log log network RRSB distribution 5 Tabul
59. he program automatically converts this measurement The new converted results file can be freely named conversions with MS C are assigned the extension CHAT and conversions with LOTUS 1 2 3 the extension WKS 11 4 Log Normal Distribution From the Special options menu the function key F 4 Log Normal distribution is used to call up the program for the presentation of results in the coordinate network of a logarithmic normal distribution A particular feature of this program is that the volume related cumulative curve the particle figure the surface area and the specific surface area m2 dm are displayed simultaneously in the coordinate network in relation to granular size Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 34 12 Overlapping Measurement From the main menu the function key F 10 Overlapping can be used to call up the Main Menu Overlapping Within this virtually independent subroutine very broad particle size distributions can be measured in a rational way making optimum use of the equipment s technical capabilities LASER PARTICLE 51058 ANALYSETTE 22 Main Menu Overlapping Measuring Range Background Measurement Feed sanple Measurenent Back to Main Menu Initialisation Fine amp Coarse Bean Align Automatic Measurement Disk Handling Present Results The Main Menu Overlapping is constructed according to the same principle as the unit s main
60. he window which then opens Following input of the first granular size the program calculates the corresponding maximum granular sizes It is important that granular sizes should be entered in ascending order and that the percentage value for the last granular size must be 100 After the final input g go is pressed and the question Input OK confirmed with y After saving y n the list of contents is faded in and the input field for the name to be assigned is opened with 5 gt RETURN returns the program to the submenu Present results Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 29 10 Consideration of Oversize In the submenu Present results depressing the function key F 7 Consider Oversize calls up a program whereby proportions of sample removed by sieving before measurement can be reintroduced when displaying the results In this way it is also possible to fully display samples with a percentage of coarse grain larger than the upper measuring limit proportions of sample falling outside the measuring limit can thus be included in the same curve pattern When this program section is called up the percentages of the sieved proportions are requested In accordance with the upper measuring limit of the last current measurement recalled on the monitor the program automatically calculates the next possible sieve value The proportion determined at sieving is now entered Up to 4 further sieving va
61. hed on the message LASER OFF appears on the screen accompanied by an acoustic signal As soon as both units have been switched on the message changes to LASER ON LASER OFF may also appear if the laser beam is seriously disoriented In this case the acoustic warning can be cancelled by opening the measuring unit since this allows sufficient light to fall on the sensor If necessary the light of a torch may also be used Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 6 The laser beam is aligned as follows With the cover open the fixing screws lying opposite the two set screws on the lens holder loosened and the two set screws adjusted so that the laser beam passes through the hole in the centre of the sensor in other words so that the light spot on the sensor disappears in the hole or flashes in the centre of the image on the screen The position of the beam can be read off on the computer screen with the cover closed Flashing on a right hand segment of a circle means that a correction has to be made to the left in other words the beam must be moved backwards in the unit while flashing on a left hand segment means it must be moved to the right i e for wards in the unit The set screw near the lens system moves the beam cursor in horizontal direc tion the beam is moved forwards by turning in the screw The screw located above the lenses moves the beam in vertical direction turning in the screw moves the bea
62. iation with RETURN The program of the analysette 22 is then started by calling up the program with its name SIZEREXE EXE This is done by entering C SIZEREXE and initiating with RETURN The program starts automatically and the main menu appears on the screen after a short time Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 56 14 4 Readjustment of Laser Optics Caution The adjustment ring of the laser optics must not be adjusted in any way unless absolutely necessary Protective goggles should be worn at all times when working on the actuated laser A lens system is fitted to the laser transmitter concealed in the right hand section of the housing These lenses concentrate the laser beam onto a diaphragm 25 um This diaphragm functions as a highly stable spatial filter and generates an undisturbed beam with Gaussian intensity distribution behind the filter The diverging beam coming from the diaphragm strikes the adjustment lens which focusses the laser beam in the centre of the sensor The optical components diaphragm and adjustment lens have fixed relative positions If the laser optics brass knurled screw are accidentally turned the diaphragm setting must be checked and readjusted if necessary For checking purposes a piece of white card is held to the right of the adjustment lens with the laser activated If the laser optics are correctly adjusted a round white spot of light of approx 12 mm diameter appears on
63. ibly resulting in blockages or particles being deposited in the hose system If the IN hose connection is linked up to a connection on the supply system both ball valves are turned so that the tips of their rotary toggles point outwards Turning the rear ball valve drains the test circuit through the hose which is fitted to the rearmost hose nipple The front ball valve allows clean fresh flushing liquid to enter through the hose fitted to the foremost nipple If the flushing liquid cannot be supplied via a hose for any reason the front ball valve remains in the same position with the tip of the toggle pointing to the rear inwards and the flushing liquid enters the ultrasonic bath directly from above In each case it must be ensured that the level of the flushing liquid in the ultrasonic bath is no higher than approx 2 cm below the upper rim The effect of the flushing operation can be easily monitored by means of the program F 6 Feed sample since there is practically no beam absorption with clear liquid When the value of 0 absorption is obtained in flushing this corresponds to the value measured with clear liquid in the last background zero measurement When performing a background measurement absorption is set at 0 When the light coloured bar fills almost the entire field the measuring cell is as clean as it was for the last background measurement and the next measuring cycle can be performed Laser
64. id or to a central feed line supplying e g demineralized water containing no particles Particular atten tion must be paid to ensure that no pressure can build up in this hose line max 0 1 bar 3 1 2 Solids Dispersion Unit The solids dispersion unit and measuring unit are connected by two hoses For this purpose the hoses projecting from the rear of the measuring unit are connected to the rapid action hose coupling on the rear side compressed air supply for subse quent dispersion and the hose for transporting the solid sample is secured to the pipe section by means of a hose clamp The compressed air supply of the whole unit is connected on the side via the rapid action hose coupling It must have at least 4 6 bar which is reduced to 1 5 2 bar by means of a pressure reducing valve The needed air flow must be between 1 5 and 7 mec 3 2 Electrical Connections 2 1 Agreement of Voltage and Current Before connecting the unit the voltage and current values specified the name plate should be checked for agreement with the values of the power supply to be used 220 V AC current with protective conductor fuse max 16 A It must be ensured that the complete unit is connected to the same power supply same cycle same fuse circuit 3 2 2 Stability of the Supply Voltage Stability of the supply voltage lt _ 5 deviation is a particularly vital require ment for units featuring computer components Where supply networks ar
65. in returns the program to the menu If curves which were previously selected as comparative curves see Point 9 and 12 are inadvertently deleted the program will display an error message when a cumulative results curve or RRSB distribution or overlapping is next called up since it will be unable to find the comparative curve on the floppy disk To delete everything on a floppy disk it is easiest simply to reformat the disk Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 26 8 4 Formatting A New Floppy Disk By depressing the function key 3 Format disk a program is loaded for formatting new floppy disks A warning is output first on the monitor since formatting a floppy disk automatically deletes any programs or results already stored on the disk In this way it is possible for example to reformat a disk in other words to delete the entire disk if its contents are no longer required The question Do you really want this Y N is answered by entering Y and confirming with RETURN A new floppy disk or an old floppy disk to be deleted is then inserted into drive A writing facing flap and the flap then closed After initiating with any desired key the formatting program is loaded and formatting performed A question then follows as to whether a further disk is to be formatted It is only possible to answer N This program does not allow the formatting of more than one floppy disk each time it is called up The program
66. ion fix it with the above mentioned screw so that the measured distance is the same After closing the housing the laser beam has to be realigned See point 4 2 and 4 3 Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 58 15 Guarantee The guarantee card accompanying delivery of the unit must be completed in full and returned to the manufacturer to be valid Fritsch GmbH Laborger tebau Idar Oberstein and its Application Laboratory or respective agencies abroad will be pleased to provide further information and advice Any inquiries should be accompanied by details of the serial number given on the nameplate Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 59 16 Bulletin Information Tips and Tricks 16 1 Foreword In addition to general information tips and tricks we would also like to publish details of practical experiences which we and our customers have had with the analysette 22 and which may be useful for other applications 16 2 Transferability of Measurement Results When a particle measurement is used to determine which of its assumed qualities correspond to tangible reality it should be remembered that the person conducting the measurement is not merely an observer and the measuring instrument not merely a tool but that both function actively with each other Consequently when researching into particle size distributions both play their part in the overall scheme of affairs When developing equipment for particl
67. istribution F 2 Cumulative curve 3 Tabular data on the monitor F 4 Presentation of cumulative curve in log log network RRSB distribution 5 Tabular data as printout F 6 Loading of comparative curves for presentation with current result Consideration of sieved values F 8 Special programs F 9 Saving the current measurement results F10 RETURN to main menu A copy of the screen contents is output on the printer by simultaneously depressing the SHIFT and PRINTSCREEN keys identified by upwards pointing arrow and PrtSc Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 20 y 9 FRITSCH PARTICLE SIZER 181 97 37 5 10 59 100 SBa 1000 9 Zell and 42 size nic ons t for Hardcopy st SCR 7 Shif Function key F 1 Frequency distribution MeasNuxz 9 i 01 97 37 FRITSCH PARTICLE SIZER P 16 22 1 10 50 188 Sag 1999 78 Zellahstand 42 Shift PreSc for Hardcopy MEE Function key F 2 Cumulative curve FRITSCH 2123 aa Wee 13 12 38 39 3 Time 11 23 22 M 18 5 Mee Soie 2 E EE EN e ee OR dias ore crabe sl d 2 L 4 l 2 B 2 3 19 28 735 1 176 2 4 Philips Diamant Function key 4 Presentation of cumulative curve in log lo
68. lculated and printed out in a small table when the tabular values are output See example on p 25 Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 37 12 1 7 Measuring Time By pressing the function key F 7 Measuring time the time for the measurement of particle size distribution can be set This program can be used to alter the actual measuring time number of individual system measurements while the measurement of particle size distribution of one sample is being determined By changing the multiplication factor standard 1 the measuring time can be extended by a factor of up to 100 If the maximum factor of 100 is entered the time taken to measure a sample will be 20 minutes 12 MHz clock frequency of the computer All the data and notes entered in these subroutines Initialisation Overlapping are stored until new values are entered By pressing the function key 10 Back to main menu the program returns to the main menu Overlapping Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 38 12 2 Selecting and Adjusting the Measuring Range In the Main Menu Overlapping pressing the function key F 2 calls up the Measuring range subroutine for entering the desired measuring range LASER PARTICLE SIZER ANALYSETTE 22 Main Menu Overlapping Initialisation Measuring Range Fine 4 Coarse Bean Align Background Measurenent Automatic Measurement 76 Feed sanple Disk Handling Measurement Present Res
69. ll mount The fastening bolts between the cell mount and linear guide can be reached from above 4 mm Allen key The fact that the thread is in the cell mount means that the bolts need not be removed but can remain in the drill holes until the support plate for the dispersion nozzle is screwed on securely After the measuring cell and mount have been lifted out the hoses are unscrewed from the cell and are pulled out of the test unit from the rear The dispersion nozzle is then screwed securely to the linear guide whose feed hoses are run through the rear panel of the test unit and are fitted onto the dispersion nozzle so that the hose clamped to the upper section of the dry dispersion unit is secured centrally to the nozzle and the compressed air hose clamped to the bottom is secured to the side of the nozzle Using its two screws the graduation mount is then screwed securely to the support plate of the dispersion nozzle The extraction hose secured to the mount for the dispersion nozzle is run between the front guide rod and the housing at the front of the test unit the hose must not be twisted or bent The flange located at its free end is inserted into the bore on the left hand side of the rear panel and is then screw fitted This bore is covered by a plate when the measurement is performed in suspension Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 53 The hose is run to the left between the front guide rod and housing and in front of
70. lues and the corresponding proportions are then requested The sieving values are shown in ascending order the mesh widths being taken in ascending order from the main ISO 565 R20 3 series The maximum possible mesh width in this program is 2000 m After entering the percentage proportions of the total sample which were derived from sieving the program asks if the curves are to be printed out After entering the corresponding answer Y N the cumulative curve extended by the sieved values appears on the monitor followed by the similarly extended frequency distribution on the printer or monitor When output at the printer 5 curve points are also printed out as tabular values These can be specified beforehand in the Initialisation program by actuating function key F6 see Point 5 1 6 Finally the Present results menu reappears on the monitor Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 30 11 Special Options In the submenu Present results the function key F 8 Special options is used to call up a subroutine for converting and evaluating results LASER PARTICLE 51058 ANALYSETTE 22 Main Menu Special Options Surface Area Calculationi Fi Overlapping two results Conversions Log normal Distribution Back to Main Menu 11 1 Calculating Specific Surface Area After depressing the function key F 1 Surface area calculation a program is called up which uses the current test result to calculate the sphere
71. lysette 22 Laser Particle Sizer it is possible when calculating the particle size distribution to select the RRSB particle size distribution in the Initialisation main program see page 10 function key F 5 Calculation Type This assumes that the distribution to be measured in the RRSB network will produce a straight line The results curve which is then calculated and plotted can be used to determine e g the fineness parameter d from the abscissa section at D 0 632 and the rate of rise of the RRSB straight line After parallel displacement of the straight lines to the coordinate origin the inner horizontal abscissa gives the second fineness parameter The outer horizontal abscissa also provides the non dimensional surface value Both can be used to determine the vglums related surface S by division If d is expressed cm S is given in cm cm or in l cm The mass related surface is obtained by dividing the volume related density by the specific density S SJ Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 62 Preamplifier 03 06 1986 Page 63 Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 DH wveveys o e st 303 jns 5 4 iod 3 dt Y mnm RR CER 2 2 28 P 8 83 64 Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Preamplifier 03 06 1986 911 880 C 5000 L 2700p
72. m upwards The fixing screws opposite the set screws are only secured in position once the beam has been aligned correctly The alignment is checked again with the unit clo sed 4 3 Fine Beam Alignment This procedure is also used in the standard measurement program for checking the beam alignment Approximately 6 cm of very clear test liquid is poured into the ultrasonic bath of the dispersion unit and the circulating pump switched on so that the measuring cell is filled with clear liquid See p 5 4 1 1 For alignment function key 3 is depressed to call up the program section Coarse amp fine beam alignment in the main menu as well as function key F 2 to call up Fine beam alignment in the following menu This subprogram enables fine adjustment of the laser beam and at the same time indicates the beam intensities striking the individual rings of the sensor Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 7 Fine beam alignment LASER ON In the event that the laser or supply unit are not switched on the message LASER OFF appears on the screen accompanied by an acoustic signal As soon as both units have been switched on the message changes to LASER ON This message may also appear if the laser beam is seriously disoriented In this case the acoustic warning can be cancelled by opening the measuring unit since this allows sufficient light to fall on the sensor If necessary the light of a torch may als
73. ment data in a special subroutine This subroutine for series measurement or for measurements performed according to a standardized sequence is called up from the Main Menu by pressing the func tion key F 5 Automatic measurement LASER PARTICLE SIZER ANALYSETTE 22 Automatic Measurewen 1 Selection 2 Start 3 Back to Main Menu Initialis ing Range Fine amp Coarse Bean ound Measurement Sample Measurement Automatic Mesur Disk Handling Present Results Overlapping This opens a window featuring a highlighted area which can be moved to the selec ted field by means of the cursor control keys If positioned on the first line 1 Se lection and initiated with RETURN another window opens this window featu res questions regarding the form of the automatic measurement which have to be answered with y n It is here possible to decide e g whether a background measurement is needed for every measurement whether a measurement should be stored on floppy disk under a specific name and then in the next window how the results should be presented on the monitor and or at the printer It is also possible to decide whether a comparative curve should be sought for the results curve and whether this should be included with every results presentation These comparative curves are called up from an inserted floppy disk with stored results using F 6 Create reference files Point
74. n during measurement These are then displayed on the monitor If no matching curve is stored on the floppy disk the program breaks down and must be restarted by entering sizerexe The second measurement curve is loaded following the same procedure as was used to select and load the first After loading the second curve through initiation with RETURN the superimposed curve of both measurements is shown on the monitor in a coordinate network of 0 1 jum to 1000 jum as one curve Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 32 This new result is stored in the computer until it is overwritten by a new superimposed curve Its name is automatically assigned the extension OVL This program section is left by pressing RETURN The superimposed curve can also be subsequently presented in a different form or can be saved on floppy disk From the main menu the function key F 10 Overlapping is used to call up Main Menu Overlapping In this subroutine superimposed curves can also be displayed in tabular form or as frequency distributions See Point 12 11 3 Converting Results From the Special options menu the function key F 3 Conversions is used to call up the program for converting the format of a result stored on floppy disk This converts and renames the results file store the disk so that it be 123 read and further processed using MicroSoft Chart and the Lotus software LASER PARTICLE 51058 ANALYSE
75. nction or does not amplify or the value is very large 5 12 VOLTS ie the amplifier is switched through or its supply voltage 15 VOLT is available at the output The following table shows for each channel the related position on the connector of the printed circuit board lower connector The enclosed circuit diagram Circuit Diagram for Preamplifiers page 50 allows the operational amplifiers to be identified whose values in this program were out of the ordinary Channel Pin Channel Pin Channel Pin Channel Pin 0 Al 8 C20 16 C244 24 C28 1 16 9 12 17 C8 25 C4 2 C17 10 C21 18 C25 26 C29 3 C15 11 11 19 7 27 C3 4 C18 12 C22 20 C26 28 C30 5 C14 13 C10 21 C6 29 C2 6 C19 14 623 22 27 30 C31 7 C13 15 C9 23 C5 31 C1 The enclosed components diagram indicates the position of the operational amplifier on the circuit board so that it can be easily located and exchanged if required Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 55 The lower section of the same circuit diagram shows the supply voltage 15 VOLT which is fed via the miniature connector of the dispersion unit 15 VOLT is fed via its pins 1 2 15 16 Ground is fed via its pins 3 4 5 12 13 14 15 VOLT is fed via its pins 6 7 10 11 This program can be interrupted by entering RETURN The symbol for the system level then reappears on the screen in the subdirectory Service This service subdirectory is exited by entering CDN and subsequent init
76. ng clip EE EE dek 2 5 Se cylinder head screw M2 5x8 2226000 fussgksitemesszele kpl measuring cel for suspensions ep S 26 91 216 10 Zy Schraube M4x16 DIN 912 cylinder head screw S 271 5840820 eent s 2 Amm Tefen 8 22 324 10 Flansch Fenster fange window 5 84 008 5 O Ring 40x2 5 o rng 40x25 o CT S 84 009 15 O Ring 64x3 e ring 22 3250 Str mungsscneibs tow dik 22 325 10 Flansch fur Ourchflusszeile fionge for flow ceil 22 458 26 Planparollelpiatte 50x8 Satz 2St plane porallei plate 50 8 2 5 O O 22 463 26 Linse 2 31 5 F 600 lens 31 598 600 22 462 26 ss 31 5 F 100 lens 31 59 F 100 pointer since 1989 are Zeiger bis Serie 11 1988 pointer untll 11 1988 S DL 22 250 00 Verstell Linse system cpl ds 35 92 930 00 Mikrometerschraube micrometer screw S E se see ie EE EE EE a steseoo Wnwedatr ever venum 3 3 cce eo cu pA aee ur pus pL Measuring Unit Spare parts list Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 68 L8Z0 vl J9ZIS 93134Dd J9SD7 enesApuy JexXonag XL1DN Jeuuoeuuutuospliig 4210 26 0901 HOH HOSLIMNJ oer jubreu 9Uuo
77. nput again 12 12 Set Time By pressing the function key F 2 Set Time the current time can be entered Not necessary where the computer has an integrated calendar and clock The current time is shown in the bottom line Actual Time is The minutes and hours shown on the computer clock can be changed by entering new values It is also possible without entering new times to adopt the time currently shown by initiating with RETURN The program then returns to the subroutine 12 1 3 Enter Notes By pressing the function key F 3 Enter Note notes on the measurement can be entered The last note is displayed in the bottom line and can be adopted by depressing the RETURN key By inputting a new note not longer than 40 characters only digits and upper case and lower case letters this is overwritten and stored by the computer after initiation with RETURN The menu of the subroutine is then faded back onto the monitor Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 36 12 1 4 Measurement Number By pressing the function key F 4 Measurement Number the start number of the next measurement can be entered The number entered e g 1 is stored by the computer after initiation with RETURN is automatically incremented for each subsequent measurement and is printed out in the measurement logs In this way measurements can be differentiated in the log even if they have been given the same notes After RETURN the program jumps b
78. o be used The intensities of the rings are displayed symbolically as vertical lines on the left hand side of the monitor The intensity of the central beam is shown on the left fol lowed from left to right by the intensities of the neighbouring rings moving out wards from the central beam If the instrument is closed the first line of the central beam indicates a relative intensity of approx 3 4 of the possible overall level if the measuring cell is filled with clear bubble free test liquid and if the laser beam has been accurately adjusted In this case the intensity of the neighbouring rings is very low and the corresponding lines are only around 1 2 mm high With the cover open only the first lines on the left are low and can be used for aligning the beam The following lines can only be evaluated when the cover has been closed If lengths of more than approx 10 mm are displayed especially in the medium range this means that the cell or test liquid has been contaminated by fine particles The laser beam is aligned as follows in principle the same as for coarse align ment With the cover open the fixing screws lying opposite the two set screws on the lens holder are loosened and the two set screws adjusted so that the intensity of the central beam length of the first line is increased and the neighbouring lines are reduced The set screw located near the lens system moves the beam cursor in horizontal direction the be
79. on the monitor in symbolic form in a similar way to the background measurement The cell is thus NOT moved before the start of measurement it remains in the same position as in the second half of the background measurement Press CTRL to interrupt calculation The image is automatically extinguished after a few seconds The measurement values determined during this measurement are stored in the computer for later evaluation The monitor requests that the measuring cell or nozzle holder be moved to the position for coarse range measurements After this movement of the cell has been confirmed by pressing y the second background measurement begins automatically These values are also stored Measurement values are retained even when the unit is switched off and are taken as the basis for all subsequent calculations and representations of results The values of the old measurement are only overwritten and thereby lost when a new measurement is performed The measurement can be interrupted prematurely by depressing the RETURN key The program then jumps back to the main menu and the values from an earlier measurement which are stored in the computer are retained unchanged This interruption may be necessary if for example the measurement is selected unintentionally i e if the values measured earlier must not be overwritten Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 44 After a few seconds the text wait prog
80. only be touched along the edge The windows are cleaned on both sides as follows The windows are rinsed with the washing bottle using distilled water until all dirt has been removed Special paper is then placed on the upper side of the window and wetted with the distilled water from the washing bottle so that the paper clings to the glass surface The window is wiped off by drawing off the paper parallel to the surface without pressure being exerted onto the glass by the hand This operation may have to be repeated with clean paper until all traces of dirt have been removed The flow disk must be handled very carefully It has been manufactured plane parallel to extremely low tolerance values and must not be placed under any mechanical stress at all The disk cannot be used if it is bent in any way The flow disk can be rinsed under running water Any stubborn particles sticking to the disk should be removed very carefully using a soft brush The two halves of the measuring cell and the sealing rings can be rinsed under running distilled water and then wiped off and dried using soft lint free paper Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 52 The measuring cell is assembled in the reverse sequence of steps to disassembly After the sealing rings and the windows reflective blue sides facing outwards have been inserted on each side the flow disk is fitted onto the two pins so that the flow ducts point to the halves with the hose c
81. onnections The measuring cell is then carefully closed by fitting the two halves together and the bolts carefully tightened crosswise It must be ensured that the two halves of the measuring cell are closed with the four screws to the same extent The flow disk lying between the two windows holds the windows exactly parallel The sealing rings ensure that the window is pressed against the flow disk with no space in between Dirt on the windows or disk will adversely affect the parallel position of the windows Moving the measuring cell to adjust the measuring ranges will make the windows unparallel and this will upset the alignment of the laser beam It is also advisable here to fit and secure the hoses before the measuring cell is screwed in Note the direction of flow liquid must enter the measuring cell from below 14 2 Conversion for Measurement with Liquid and Dry Dispersion The measuring unit of the analysette 22 can be converted from measurement with suspensions liquid dispersion unit to measurement with the dry dispersion unit or vice versa by a few simple operations As with all operations in the test unit except adjustment of the laser beam the laser beam source first has to be deactivated With the measuring unit open the measuring cell and the cell mount are unscrewed from the linear guide on the rear upper guide rod Two screws securing the graduation mount are then removed from the side on the left of the ce
82. ound Measurement 12 4 Feeding of Sample with Liquid Dispersion Unit 12 5 Feeding of Sample with the Solids Dispersion Unit 12 6 Measuring Particle Size Distribution 12 7 Flushing the Liquid Dispersion Unit eus 12 8 Cleaning the Solids Dispersion Unit 12 9 Presenting Measurement Results 13 Automatic Sequence of Measurements e eee eere eee ona 14 Maintenance eececssovesovossessssenesesoneevesssoeusesoe 14 1 Cleaning the Measuring Cell 14 2 Conversion for Measurement with Liquid and Dry Dispersion 14 3 Checking the Amplifiers 14 4 Readjustment of Laser Optics EET TR CTT Re 14 5 Exchanging the Sensor m Se sea 15 Guarantee cccvecncccsccccccccnnnencscsccccccevesevceuanesccecese 16 Bulletin Information Tips and Tricks 16 1 Foreword 16 2 Transferability of Measurement Results re 16 3 Selection of Liquids for Suspensions 16 4 Dispersion of Highly Hydrophobic Samples 16 5 Measurement of Slightly Soluble Samples adus 16 6 Calculation Method Based on Rosin Ramler RRSB Wiring diagr
83. oved and the solids cylinder extracted from below Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 17 In order to generate a flow of particles which is as homogeneous as possible the solids cylinder must be filled uniformly Depending on its characteristics the sample is filled into the solids container centimeter by centimeter and lightly com pressed with the aid of a stopper The filled solids container is inserted groove facing the left and secured by the cy linder securing plate After depressing the air and up keys the sample can now be propelled into the brush region at maximum piston speed position 10 on the speed potentiometer However the stop key is pressed to halt the air and piston as soon as the laser beam in opened measuring unit lights up thereby indicating that the brush has picked up the sample For actual measurement after carrying out a background measurement Point 5 3 and in accordance with Point 5 4 the speed of the piston is set with the aid of the potentiometer to optimise the quantity of sample supplied Beam absorption should in no case exceed approx 15 Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 5 6 Measuring Particle Size Distribution Before each measurement with the liquid dispersion unit the measuring system must be bled again by switching off the pump and then reactivating it In the main menu the function key F 8 is depressed to call up the Measurement program Immediately after this
84. preceding measurements are recorded and their influence on the current result eliminated When performing measurements in supension in direct succession without changing the measuring range and when measuring with the dry dispersion unit no intermediate background measurement is necessary if the background is not expected to change To expand the measuring range two measurements with two different measuring ranges are carried out in direct succession The two background measurements thereby required are carried out by the program in direct succession Approximately 6 cm of very clear test liquid is poured into the ultrasonic bath of the dispersion unit and the circulating pump switched on After the pump has been running for a short time it is switched off briefly and after some 10 secs is switched on again This procedure is used for bleeding the pump system and should be repeated as many times as necessary until no more air bubbles enter the bath from the inlet The beam alignment can be checked see 4 3 after filling the ultrasonic bath with clear liquid However adjustment is only necessary in a very small number of Cases For background measurements with the dry dispersion unit no further preparations are necessary only the supply of pure compressed air needs to be switched on at the dispersion unit Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 40 When the measuring cell has been set to the coarse range or set to 442 fo
85. r dry measurements the function key F 4 Background measurement in the Main Menu Overlapping is pressed to start the background measurement in the setting for measuring the coarse percentage Directly following this the intensities of the 31 coarse range channels are displayed symbolically on the monitor The image is cleared automatically after a few seconds The data obtained during this measurement and thus the characteristics of the test liquid or background are stored in the computer for later evaluation The monitor requests the movement of the measuring cell or nozzle holder to the position for measurements in the fine range After this movement of the cell has been confirmed by pressing the second background measurement begins automatically These values are also stored Background measurement values are retained even when the unit is switched off and are taken as the basis for all subsequent measurement calculations The values of the old measurement are only overwritten and thereby lost when a new background measurement is performed The background measurement can be interrupted prematurely by depressing the RETURN key The program then jumps back to the main menu and the values from an earlier background measurement which are stored in the computer are retained unchanged This interruption may be necessary if for example the background measurement is selected unintentionally ie if the values me
86. ram running appears above the bar chart indicating that the measurement has been completed and that mathematical evaluation of the measurement has begun When measuring with the solids dispersion unit the dosing piston feed can be deactivated at this point depress key Stop Down The measurement results remain stored when the computer is switched off even if they have not been stored on floppy disk Results can only be deleted by overwriting with a new measurement The main menu reappears on the monitor If a background measurement has not been performed before the measurement a note appears on the monitor Measure background first In this case this background measurement must be selected in the Main Menu Overlapping see Point 12 3 measurements with the liquid dispersion unit hereby first require the ultrasonic bath to be reflushed and the measuring cell refilled with clear test liquid 12 7 Flushing the Liquid Dispersion Unit As soon as the measurement itself has been completed the measuring cell must be flushed The test sample should not be left unnecessarily in the supply unit and thereby in the test circuit as a whole over any long period of time Under no circumstances may the conveyor pump of the liquid dispersion unit be switched off when there is a test sample in the test circuit The medium in the liquid circuit comes to rest when the conveyor pump is switched off The particles in the liquid then settle poss
87. red form This readjustment can be performed in a few minutes with a little practice If nevertheless the adjustment still proves unsuccessful the knurled screw can be unscrewed a maximum of one turn to make it easier to catch the beam emerging from the diaphragm The beam striking the diaphragm is thus enlarged and can be caught more easily Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 57 For final adjustment an image is initially set which is as good and round as possible The brass knurled screw is then screwed in approx 1 4 turn and readjustment then performed again in x direction This procedure is repeated until the knurled screw is once again at the correct position and the image has the required round contour of uniform intensity No other light spots may be visible Once the adjustment has been completed the spring mounted studs are once again screwed into the sides lying opposite the threaded pins The adjustment is then checked again 14 5 Exchanging the Sensor The sensor is a very delicate electronic element and it is extremly sensitive against mechanical strength After a long period or after damaging it must be exchanged Changing the sensor should be done very carefully Specially the surface of the sensor must not be touched The plastic cover for d the surface of the sensor must not be removed before fixing the new sensor with the 4 nuts in correct position i At first the cables for the mains and for the
88. rior consultation with the manufacturer The following must not be used Ketones acetone ether fluorochlorohydrocarbons chlorinated hydrocarbons acetic acid and its derivatives undiluted acids and bases Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 60 Even samples available in oil e g oils similar to machine oil do not have to be measured in oil Example Toner in machine oil The sample is first dispersed in ethylene glycol with a drop of surfactant in an ultrasonic bath This is then mixed with water on a 1 1 basis the mix then being poured into the ultrasonic bath of the analysette 22 laser particle sizer Example Raw chocolate substance Raw chocolate substance is generally measured in acetone or benzene already familiar from the screening process The measurement can be performed on the analysette 22 laser particle sizer in e g peanut oil Since peanut oil can be used with foodstuffs there are no contamination problems and the waste oil can be used for lubricating the rollers Generally speaking liquids with a viscosity of up to 30 cPoice can be pumped without problem by the conveying system of the dispersion unit 16 4 Dispersion of Highly Hydrophobic Samples Despite their water repellent characteristics hydrophobic samples can still be dispersed if they are first treated with a liquid surfactant and then dispersed under the action of constant stirring in water Similarly agglomerates are dispersed more
89. row up and Arrow down are used to page through the file directory and select the page required The key s for selection is then pressed On the monitor appears a marked area which is positioned over the relevant file name by means of the cursor control keys Following initiation with RETURN the program automatically loads the measurement results The program jumps back to the subroutine once the loading procedure has been completed Depressing the key F 10 Back to main menu displays the main menu on the monitor By depressing the key F 9 Present results the program for displaying the measurement results can be called up and the result loaded presented on the monitor 8 3 Deleting on Floppy Disk By depressing the function key F 4 Delete on floppy disk curves which were previously stored as measurement results can be deleted from the file directory which susbsequently appears For deleting in acordance with instructions on the monitor the cursor control keys Arrow and Arrow down are used to page through the file directory and select the page required The key s for selection is then pressed On the monitor appears a marked area which is positioned over the relevant file name by means of the cursor control keys Following initiation with RETURN the program automatically deletes the measurement results By pressing lt ESC gt the program returns to the paging procedure Pressing lt ESC gt once aga
90. st of the licensee shall take place only upon payment of the fee specified by FRITSCH for each instance of updating 10 FRITSCH GmbH shall be liable to the licensee for the fault free material condition of the data carrier upon which the computer program is recorded under normal operating conditions and with normal maintenance at the time of transferral to the licensee further liability on the part of FRITSCH GmbH for the fault free condition of the software shall be excluded In particular FRITSCH GmbH shall not be liable for ensuring the software is compatible with other programs chosen by the purchaser Liability for damages suffered by the licensee shall also be excluded unless damage is caused intentionally or by gross negligence on the part of FRITSCH GmbH Liability shall not cover fault related consequential damages which are not covered by the warranty FRITSCH GmbH Laborger tebau 6580 Idar Oberstein West Germany Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 72
91. sted at the factory prior to delivery the laser beam alignment should be checked before being used for the first time The laser beam stabilizes after approx 10 minutes warm up time at which time the alignment can be performed 4 1 1 Initial Alignment for Measurement in Suspension Liquid Fill the measuring cell with clear bubble free test liquid The test liquid comes into contact with stainless steel glass Teflon and Viton within the instrument s system supply and measuring unit Besides water a number of monovalent divalent or trivalent alcohols ethanol iso propanol glycol or glycerol gasolines petroleum ether mineral oils petroleum and organic oils soya oil nut oil can be used as test liquids It is also possible to use e g cyclic aromatic substances ring hydro carbons such as toluene benzenes or aniline The system is also resistant to alkanes hexane heptane and aldehydes formaldehyde No other liquids may be used without prior consultation with the manufacturer The following must not be used Ketones acetone ether fluorochlorohydrocarbons cholorinated hydrocarbons acetic acid and its derivates undiluted acids and bases Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 5 Approximately 6 cm height of very clear test liquid is poured into the ultrasonic bath of the dispersion unit and the circulating pump switched on After the pump has been running for a short time it is switched off briefly and a
92. temperatures of 19C to 40 If the storage temperature drops below 19C it must be warmed up to at least 10 be fore being switched on The location selected for the measuring unit must ensure good accessibility so that the measuring cell and adjusting elements can be reached easily when opening up the cover The dispersion units are located near the measuring unit so that the con necting hoses between the units can be kept as short as possible Laser Particle Sizer 22 Page 2 3 1 Hose Connections The procedure for converting the analysette 22 from measurement with solids dispersion unit to measurement with liquids dispersion unit or the other way round is described in Point 14 2 3 1 1 Liquid Dispersion Unit The liquid dispersion unit and measuring unit are connected by two hoses The po lyethylene or silicon hoses coming out of the rear panel of the measuring unit are connected to the nipples of the dispersion unit so that to cell is connected to to cell of the measuring unit and from cell to from cell of the measuring unit In the measuring cell the test liquid flows from the bottom upwards if the hoses are correctly connected to the measuring unit The OUT hose connection of the supply unit is used for dis charging used test and flushing liquids The IN connection of the dispersion unit is used for filling the measuring appara tus and is either connected to a reservoir containing test liqu
93. the solids container centimeter by centimeter and compressed with the aid of a stopper The weight of the stopper alone is sufficient to compact the sample The filled solids container is inserted groove facing the left and secured by the cylinder securing plate After depressing the Air and Forwards keys the piston is moved into the solids cylinder at the speed set on the rotary knob If the compressed solids come into contact with the rotating brush this brush picks up a certain quantity of solids the latter then being transported into the measuring unit by the flow of compressed air Caution Before switching on the compressed air the dust extractor must be inserted into the rear panel of the measuring unit and put into operation Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 43 12 6 Measuring Particle Size Distribution Before each measurement with the liquid dispersion unit the measuring system must be bled again by switching off the pump and then reactivating it Here too two measurements with two different measuring ranges are carried out in direct succession On the monitor the program displays the positions of the measuring cell and automatically carries out both measurements in direct succession In the Main Menu Overlapping the function key F 8 is depressed to call up the Measurement program Immediately after this the relative intensities of the 31 measuring channels of fine range measurement are displayed
94. ticle Sizer analysette 22 Page 39 The required position of the measuring cell for the selected measuring range is displayed at the bottom of the monitor e g Set cell distance from detector to mm It is essential that the position specified at this point agrees with the actual position of the measuring cell Otherwise the subsequent measurement and calculation of the particle size distribution is worthless In order to move the measuring cell to the position prescribed by the computer the unit is opened and the cell moved by hand so that the indicator attached to the cell points to the number on the measuring strip which agrees with the number read off the monitor The accuracy required in setting the position is 1 mm For safety s sake a question is faded onto the monitor after this program section has been left which can only be answered with Y It is possible to jump back to the program again by entering ESC When measuring with the dry dispersion unit it is only possible to select position 442 mm for measuring the coarse range and position 42 mm for measuring the fine range The total measuring range for dry measurement in the free jet is thus 0 77 mto 1166 m 12 3 Background Measurement A background measurement must be performed before every measurement in order to eliminate the influence of the test liquid when performing measurements in suspension During this process any slight contaminations detected during
95. trasonic bath in dry form using a spatula or is first prepared in the test liquid in a separate dispersion process and is then added to the ultrasonic bath in the form of a suspension The quantity added is displayed in relative values on the computer screen No masses or quantities need therefore be measured out in advance The bright field of the screen shown black in the figure above becomes smaller as the quantity increases The measurement can begin as soon as a stable dispersion has been achieved after a short time by means of the ultrasonic effect and the agitator Only small deviations are displayed in the most favourable range for the measurement lying between approx 7 and 15 beam absorption If the sample contains a relatively large component of fine grained material in the range 1 10 m the beam absorption percentage should lie in the lower range i e at around 10 If there is a high component of coarse grain material without fine grain component the measuring result is still acceptable even for concentrations up to approx 25 RETURN brings the main menu back onto the monitor Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 16 5 5 Feeding of Sample with the Solids Dispersion Unit Particle size distributions from approx 1 to approx 1160 micron can be measured with the solids dispersion unit It is first necessary to connect the dispersion nozzle and dust extractor to the measuring unit as described in Point 14 2 and to
96. uantity of these particles The angle and related intensity distribution is recorded using a special multielement detector A connected computer calculates particle distribution in 31 channels according to grain size and percentage volume from the many diffraction patterns generated du ring a measurement The many diffraction patterns generated during a measurement are used in con junction with an interfaced computer to calculate the particle distribution into 31 classes based on grain sizes and mass components The results are displayed on a monitor either as a frequency distribution a cumulative curve or in tabular form and can be subsequently printed out on a plotter stored on floppy disks or trans ferred via an interface to a central computer Since no material specific data are used when measuring solid samples dry or in suspension mixtures of differing composition and density e g soil samples or ri ver sediments can also be examined to determine their particle size distribution Laser Particle Sizer analysette 22 Page 1 2 General Description of the Instrument The analysette 22 Laser Particle Sizer consists of three units and an additional printer The measuring unit contains a helium neon laser the related optical system the measuring cell for suspensions or the nozzle arrangement for blowing out the solid particles and the related suction unit and a multielement detector which allows particle size distribution
97. ults Back to Main Menu A symbolic representation of the full range is then displayed on the screen more than 3 decades A bracket in the upper section of the image shows the current measuring range This measuring range is also displayed as a numerical value in microns lowest limit value of the smallest measuring channel or upper limit of the largest measuring channel in the line below the scale Measuring Range Overlapping Measuring Range 9 31 485 4 wicrons DET CELL LASER Move cell to position 184 xw Corresponding position 17 Only press RETURN after moving In each case the measuring range encompasses around 3 5 decades and can be continuously selected and adjusted in as many individual steps as required by simply shifting the measuring cell The smallest range covers the particle sizes 0 16 jum to 250 jum the largest range 0 77 jum to 1166 um lower and upper class limits By actuating the control keys for the cursor the measuring range is adjusted in accordance with the symbolic representation Every time the cursor control keys are actuated left or right the bracket and therefore the measuring range in the display moves left or right If it is to be moved a larger distance the jump interval for the bracket can be increased by depressing the right hand SHIFT and cursor control keys simultaneously thereby allowing the set measuring range to be changed more quickly Laser Par

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