Toro Aqua-Traxx PC Design, Installation, & Maintenance Guide
Contents
1. Diameter Wall mils Min PSI Max PSI Reel Length Reel Weight 5 8 8 4 16 7 500 63 lbs 10 4 20 6 000 60 lbs 12 4 22 5 100 58 lbs 15 4 25 4 000 61 lbs 71 8 10 4 18 4 400 65 lbs 12 4 20 4 000 61 lbs 15 4 22 3 000 62 lbs Flow Rates Part Number Emitter flow rate 10 Spacing inch Q 100 GPM 100 psi 10psi 0 20 gph emitter 10 psi EAPXxx0667 0 20 gph 6 0 67 EAPXxx0850 0 20 gph 8 0 50 EAPXxx 1234 0 20 gph 12 0 34 EAPXxx1625 0 20 gph 16 0 25 EAPXxx 1822 0 20 gph 18 0 22 EAPXxx2417 0 20 gph 24 0 17 0 27 gph emitter 10 psi EAPXxx0690 0 27 gph 6 0 90 EAPXxx0867 0 27 gph 8 0 67 EAPXxx1245 0 27 gph 12 0 45 EAPXxx1634 0 27 gph 16 0 34 EAPXxx1830 0 27 gph 18 0 30 EAPXxx2422 0 27 gph 24 0 22 Check Toro Ag price list for available stock Flow path Specifications amp Dimensions Coefficient of Variation CV All emitters 0 03 Flow Exponent All emitters 0 2 Nominal Pressure All emitters 10 psi Inside diameter 5 8 0 635 Inside diameter 7 8 0 875 Operating Pressure Range 4 25 psi See chart for different mil thickness Hazen Williams C Factor Main Tube 140 Minimum filtration requirement All emitters 200 mesh 74 micron Chapter I Aqua Traxx PC Tape 4 USE AND SELECTION Wall Thickness 8 mil Intermediate products for general use in longer term crops an2. However for large or complex systems it is best to prepare an elevation drawing of the topography that the mainline will traverse The required submain pressure in feet is superimposed on the drawing to indicate the minimum allowable pressure at any point Then the proposed hydraulic grade line may be drawn in from the inlet of the mainline to the end Once the proposed hydraulic grade line has been drawn and the required flow rates calculated individual sections of the mainline are sized each section being designed to most closely adhere to the specified hydraulic grade line The designer must also compute static pressures in the pipelines and check each section to ensure that the average water velocity does not exceed a specified limit usually 5 to 10 feet per second This is done to minimize the damaging effects of waterhammer AquaFlow will help you to size the mainline once the maximum velocity hydraulic grade line and flow rates are specified AquaFlow utilizes the Hazen Williams equation to compute friction losses which is recalled here for PVC pipe C 150 as Hf 0 000977 Q 1 DSTI L Eq 5 Where Hf Friction Loss feet of water Q Flow Rate gpm D Actual Pipe I D inches L Length of Pipe feet Velocity of flow in a pipeline may be computed as follows y 0 4085Q D Eq 6 Where V Velocity ft per second Q Flow Rate gpm D Actual Pipe I D inches Chapter 2 Aqua Traxx PC Tape p ae Chapter 3
3. INSTALLATION AND STARTUP PROCEDURES INSTALLATION The following recommendations apply to the installation of Aqua Traxx PC tape l Store tape reels in a covered area protected from sunlight and rain 2 Install tape with the blue stripes and outlets facing upwards Fine soil particles in the incoming water will normally settle to the bottom of the tape Installation of tape upside down may result in clogging if there is any contamination in the incoming water Aqua Traxx PC install Blue Stripes up 3 An air vacuum relief valve should always be installed at the submain riser to prevent suction from occurring in the tape when the system is shut down Suction in buried tape will tend to draw muddy water back into the tubing through the outlets causing contamination po E Chapter 3 Installation and Startup sni e 4 Tape may be laid on the surface or buried Burial is preferred where possible since it protects the tubing from accidents and animal damage reduces clogging maintains tape location and alignment reduces surface evaporation and insures that water is applied at the desired location 3J Tape must be buried when used under clear plastic mulch Condensed water droplets on the underside of clear plastic will focus sunlight like a magnifying glass burning holes in the tape 6 Care should be taken during installation to prevent soil insects and other contaminants from getting into the tape Ends should be
4. The AquaFlow program includes both metric and U S measurement units in the graphic screens for pressure profile and flow profile curves Metric units are given in kPa and meters U S units are given in psi and feet Contact a Toro Ag Irrigation representative to get a copy of AquaFlow Design Considerations 1 System capacity computations It is recommended that the designer reduce the design application rate by 5 percent when calculating system capacity to account for the expected flow rate decay of Aqua Traxx PC The flow rate will slowly decrease over time to a value approximately 10 below the initial flow rate Manufacturing QC specifications are adjusted above the stated nominal flow rate to compensate for the decrease in flow resulting in a flow rate of 5 below nominal Chapter 2 Aqua Traxx PC Tape SFA E Flow Rate v Time mL 6min 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 8 hr Cycle a PC5081250 Polynomial Best Fit Line Graph shows a decrease in flow rate over time of approximately 10 2 Filtration requirement Aqua Traxx PC has a minimum filtration requirement of 200 mesh 74 micron As with any micro irrigation product water conditions may require water treatment in addition to 200 mesh 74 micron filtration 3 Lateral selection Laterals are the length of tubing with emission devices or emitters along that deliver the water to the crop Aqua Traxx PC is a drip tape with emitters evenly spaced fro
5. closed off by kinking or knotting until the tape can be hooked up to the system 7 Mainlines and submains should be flushed thuraly before Aqua Traxx PC is connected After flushing Mainlines and submains the Aqua Traxx PC laterals can be connected and flushed to ensure that the system is free form contamination 8 Tape must be monitored as it is injected into the soil Someone should be watching to insure that the tape maintains its blue stripes upwards orientation to assist in case the tape becomes tangled in the injector and to signal the tractor driver when the tape reel is empty and must be replaced Chapter 3 Installation and Startup RD A Initial startup l Flow rate The first time you run Aqua Traxx PC you may experience a flow rate that is approximately 5 higher than nominal As previously stated in Chapter 2 Aqua Traxx PC will have decay in the flow rate over time of approximately 10 The production QC has been adjusted to 5 higher than nominal to account for this 2 Startup squirting The first time Aqua Traxx Pc is charged to begin irrigating a small amount of squirting out of the emitters may occur for the first one or two irrigations before diminishing to no squirting The squirting is normally no more than one or two inches high and will diminishes as the laser outlets relax Aqua Traxx PC in Bell Peppers Woodland Ca Chapter 3 Installation and Startup eS Chapter 4 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COMPUTI
6. crop Growers sometimes inadvertently cause clogging by injecting inappropriate chemicals or other substances into their systems In some cases contaminants are present in irrigation water delivered to the user and are not adequately filtered out These contaminants may include soil particles living or dead organic materials and scale from rusty pipes In other cases contaminants enter the system during the installation phase and are not adequately flushed out of the system Included in this category are insects Teflon tape PVC pipe shavings and soil particles Pipeline breaks often result in system contamination with soil causing subsequent clogging problems In buried systems soil particles may enter or be sucked into tape outlets Roots may grow into these buried outlets to plug them Finally contaminants may grow aggregate or precipitate in water as it stands in the lines or evaporates from tape outlets between irrigations Iron oxide manganese dioxide calcium carbonate algae and bacterial slimes can form in micro irrigation systems under certain circumstances The solution to a particular clogging problem must be based upon the nature of the problem Acid treatment has been used successfully to dissolve calcium precipitates and chlorine is frequently used to decompose organic materials Once a system is badly clogged there is usually little that can be done to fix it Therefore the wisest course is to prevent cloggin
7. have sufficient pressure testing points so that an overall check of the system pressures can be made Widely differing pressures in different sections of the system may indicate that some blockage leakage or other problem has arisen in some section of the system Pressure checks should be regularly made and the pressures recorded Submain Riser Filters Submain riser filters are small in line or wye strainers installed at each submain riser Under normal conditions these filters which are usually 80 120 mesh will collect few if any contaminants because the main filtration system will normally have removed this material Periodic examination of these riser filters can be a valuable indication that the system is contaminated In the case of a pipeline break or a failure of the main filter station riser filters will help to prevent foreign material from entering the tape lines MAINTENANCE PROCEDURES FOR Aqua Traxx PC Tape Flushing In many micro irrigation systems it has been found that provisions must be made to flush submain lines and lateral lines to remove settled sediments and flushing constitutes an important maintenance routine Research has shown that most settled sediments can be flushed from pipe or tubing with a flow velocity of one foot per second which is referred to as the scour velocity In standard half inch lateral lines the 1 ft sec scour velocity is equivalent to a flow rate of 1 gpm at the downstream end
8. Ag Irrigation Aqua Traxx y Design installation amp maintenance guide By Perry Continente This publication is designed to provide accurate and informative opinion in regard to the subject matter covered It is distributed with the understanding that the authors publishers and distributors are not engaged in rendering engineering hydraulic agronomic or other professional advice First Edition February 2003 Copyright 2003 The Toro Company Ag Irrigation Business TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 Aqua Traxx PC Principles of Operation Features and Advantages Specifications Use and Selection CHAPTER2 Aqua Traxx PC DESIGN Selecting Aqua Traxx PC Products Submain Design Mainline Design Flushing and flushing submains CHAPTER 3 INSTALLATION AND STARTUP Installation Initial Startup CHAPTER 4 OPERATION AND MAINTENACE Computing Irrigation Time Monitoring System Performance Maintenance Procedures for Aqua Traxx PC Tape Chapter 1 Aqua Traxx PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION Aqua Traxx PC is a seamless extruded drip tape with a molded emitter inserted in a tube The emitter is made up of the following e Filter inlets that which reduce the amount of debris that enter the emitter e Turbulent flow path e Pressure compensating chamber e Unique multiple laser slit outlets Seamless construction eliminates seam failures and reduces the incidence of root intrusion Extrusion technology utilizes high quality e
9. Leader Tubing FCA0798 Fitting Noval Hose Methods of Aqua Traxx Tape Connections Friction loss table for Toro Ag Irrigation oval hose fitting part number FCA0798 on next page Chapter 2 Aqua Traxx PC Tape a o Flow Rate GPM FCA0798 1 0 23 psi 1 5 0 49 psi 2 0 83 psi 2 5 1 25 psi 3 1 74 psi 3 5 2 31 psi 4 2 95 psi Friction Losses in PSI through Tape Connections 7 Submain Riser Design A submain riser serves to regulate water flow from the mainline to the submain A typical submain riser assembly will normally consist of 1 A manual or pressure regulating valve to control the flow rate 2 A vacuum relief valve to prevent suction in the submain and tape lines 3 A Schrader valve to be used as a pressure test point 8 Flushing requirements and flushing submains As a general rule flushing velocities of one foot per second or greater are required to ensure proper flushing of a lateral With a single lateral with a design Emission Uniformity EU of 90 or greater will almost always have a flushing velocity of 1 foot per second or greater when a single lateral is flushed For detailed flushing data consult the AquaFlow computer program If a flushing submain is going to be used elevation changes must be considered to ensure that the lower areas do not have too much pressure In most cases there will be little to not friction loss in the flushing submain since there is
10. Mainlines submains and lateral lines should be flushed thoroughly prior to system startup and tape lines should be regularly flushed during the season Open the ends of the lateral lines while the system is running and allow water to run into a container until it runs clear Collect some of the dirty water in a glass jar and examine it carefully Take note of the nature of the impurities in the water If there is a significant amount of contaminant in the flush water find out what it is Does it appear to be a bacterial slime Are large aggregated particles present Is there evidence of iron precipitation Is there any material which could be sand from the media filter Examine the contaminant under a microscope Put samples of the dirty water into two small jars or test tubes Treat one with a few drops of chlorine bleach and the Chapter 4 Operation and Maintenance 305 other with a few drops of hydrochloric acid Note any changes chlorine will attack organic matter while acid will dissolve many inorganic precipitates Acid or chlorine will not affect soil and sand particles Prevention of Clogging The biggest potential problem facing the operator of a micro irrigation system is clogging Because the water passages in most tape emitters are very small they easily become clogged by particles of mineral or organic matter This can reduce emission rates cause non uniformity of water distribution and thereby cause stress and damage to the
11. NG IRRIGATION TIME Once ET has been determined the irrigation time T may be computed In order to perform the calculation it is necessary to know the average Q100 flow rate gpm per 100 feet and the system Emission Uniformity EU For row crops on Aqua TraXX tape the irrigation time T may be computed from the following formula Sx ET T 1 04 x Eq 7 Q 100 x EU Where T Irrigation Time hours S Average Tube Spacing feet ET Evapotranspiration inches Q 100 Average Q100 Flow Rate gpm per 100 feet EU System Emission Uniformity decimal Aqua Traxx PC in Tomatoes in San Clemente Ca Chapter 4 Operation and Maintenance EXAMPLE In a field of Pima cotton growing in Arizona the previous day s ET value was found to be 0 221 inches The cotton rows are spaced 40 inches 3 33 feet apart with Aqua TraXX tape buried under each row The average flow rate is 0 30 gpm per 100 feet and the system emission uniformity is 90 percent Find T SOLUTION T 1 04 x gt 33 x 0 221 2 8 hours 0 30 x 0 90 On newly planted acreage the computed ET and therefore the irrigation time T may be quite low Nevertheless because the young plants are not likely to have extensive root systems it is best to apply this small amount on a frequent basis rather than attempting to apply more water less frequently On established crops however it is usually best to have a minimum irrigation period of
12. act shipment After it is installed in the field and pressurized Chapter 2 Aqua Traxx PC Tape 4 Oval Hose returns to its round configuration Aqua Traxx PC tape may be connected to Oval Hose submains using barbed connectors FCA0798 or leader tubing Good submain design incorporates a flush out valve at the end of the submain Submain sizing Because Aqua Traxx PC can be used in difficult topographical conditions significant elevation changes along the submain need to be considered in the design if they exist Consult the AquaFlow program for more specific hydraulic information 6 Connections Aqua Traxx PC can be connected in many different ways depending on the submain material PVC Lay Flat Oval hose to name the most common Because Aqua Traxx PC is a pressure compensating tape longer runs and greater flow rates per lateral are likely The designer should be mindful of pressure losses in the connections and a chart is provided below for illustrating flow vs pressure loss for the Toro oval hose fitting If other fittings are used contact the manufacture to get flow loss data Aqua Traxx PC tape is connected to Oval Hose submains using either a plastic fitting or a length of leader tubing as shown in Fig 2 Fittings are popular because they are quickly and easily installed they provide a strong and rugged connection and they can be re used for many years AQUA TRAXX ae AQUA TRAXX Tape a End Closure
13. and flow rates to meet the specific requirements of various crops Designers should consider the following when selecting Aqua Traxx PC products 1 Diameter Aqua Traxx is available in two diameters 5 8 0 635 I D and 7 8 0 875 I D and will fit standard fittings The standard 5 8 diameter is used in applications calling for standard run lengths of up to 1 000 feet depending on topographical conditions The 7 8 diameter is used on long run lengths of up to 2 500 feet or longer again depending on topographical conditions Use the Aqua Flow program for specific hydraulic information aii E a ae ale 5 tae Pa are ave srl A ii A aa ai Pal ej 1 2 Po kajj nla Fal pr boog ae yi F g a Aqua Traxx PC on tomatoes in San Clemente Ca 2 Wall Thickness determines how rugged and durable the product will be In addition the upper range of the operating pressure range is also determined by the wall thickness See specifications for more detailed information For short term vegetable crops the experienced grower will generally be able to use the lightest weight tubing For longer term crops a heavier wall thickness will be more resistant to mechanical damage Aqua Traxx PC is manufactured in a range of wall thicknesses 8 mil 10 mil 12 mil and 15 mil one mil is 0 001 inch Chapter 2 Aqua Traxx PC Tape 3 Flow Rate selection will depend upon water quality the availability of wate
14. d average soil conditions Has an operating pressure range 4 to 16 psi 10 15 mil Heavy wall designed to be used in rocky soils where insects and animals may cause damage or where the tape is to be used for more than one season Increased wall thickness provides for a wider operating pressure range See specifications for mil thinness vs operating pressure range Spacing 6 and 8 inch Used in closely spaced crops on sandy soils or where higher flow rates are desired 12 inch Used on crops in medium soils and average crop spacings 16 inch Used on wide spaced crops where a longer length of run is desired 24 inch Used for widely spaced crops heavy soils long run lengths Flow Rate 0 27 gph Flow Normally recommended for most crops and soils 0 20 gph Flow Recommended for longer runs on most crops and soils Diameter 5 8 Used for average run lengths 0 to 1 000 ft 7 8 Used for long run lengths up to 2 500 ft Slopes Aqua Traxx PC can be used in downward sloping undulating or flat topographical conditions The pressure compensating feature allows for an operating pressure range from 4 psi to 25 psi depending on the wall thickness Use Aqua Flow program for detailed hydraulic information Chapter I Aqua Traxx PC Tape i9 e Chapter 2 Aqua Traxx PC SYSTEM DESIGN Selecting Aqua Traxx PC Products Aqua Traxx PC is manufactured in a wide range of diameters wall thicknesses outlet spacings
15. g in the first place Experience has shown that most clogging problems can be avoided by following a few simple rules 1 Analyze the source water for suspended and dissolved solids and design the irrigation chemical injection and filter systems accordingly 2 Install secondary filters on submain risers to protect the system from pipeline breaks or filter system failures 3 Install vacuum breakers on submain risers to prevent suction in lateral lines e SESS E M A Chapter 4 Operation and maintenance sie aa 4 Take care during installation to minimize contamination by soil insects pipe dope PVC pipe shavings and the like 5 Thoroughly flush the system before connecting tape to submains 6 Practice regular chemical treatment acid or chlorine 7 Flush tape lines on a regular basis Prevention of Insect Damage Ants wireworms and other insects may cause damage to tape Insect damage typically takes the form of holes chewed through the sides of tape Researchers have noted that insect damage is most severe in tape having wall thicknesses of less than 10 mils 0 010 inches Insect damage has been successfully controlled with insecticides However these chemicals are highly toxic and persist in the environment For this reason growers are advised to select a tape with sufficient wall thickness to prevent insects from making holes through the wall of the tubing Prevention of Root Intrusion In micro irrigation system
16. m 6 inches up to 24 inches In selecting a lateral it is recommended that the Emission Uniformity EU of a single lateral be greater than 90 in order to allow for some pressure variation in the submain if possible Consult the AquaFlow program for more specific hydraulic information 4 Lateral ends Because Aqua Traxx PC can be used on significant slopes the affects of system draining to the lowest points may be problematic and should be considered in the design Limiting the size and number of laterals on the submain will reduce this affect Also using automatic flush caps at the end of the lateral and directing the water that drains away from the crop Chapter 2 Aqua Traxx PC Tape Sige Installation in Salinas Ca Lateral ends have automatic flush caps installed to reduce the effect of drain down at system shutdown Close up picture of automatic flushing caps This cap requires 2 5 psi to close or almost 6 ft 5 Submains provide water to individual field blocks distributing water at a uniform pressure to the lateral lines Submains may be constructed of PVC pipe PVC Layflat hose or Oval Hose Oval Hose is a popular and widely used choice for submains because it is economical rugged and easy to handle and install Oval Hose can be retrieved from the field and used again year after year Oval Hose is manufactured in a round configuration and subsequently flattened and wound on reels or in coils for ease of handling and comp
17. ments to discourage root intrusion Chapter 4 Operation and Maintenance oS
18. no flow during operation Other considerations need to be considered when designing a flushing submain to ensure that all the lateral are adequately flushed during the flushing event and are as follows Friction loss Hf through the valve or valves on the flushing submain Elevation Hf of the valves or valves on the flushing submain Hf of the flushing submain during the flushing event Hf of the lateral during the flushing event Hf of the delivery submain during the flushing event Hf of the valves that control the delivery submains during the flushing event Hf of mainlines filters and any other devices in the system during the flushing event And finally is the necessary water available and can the pump deliver the water at the required pressure during the flushing event The AquaFlow program will not design a flushing submain however the flushing program will provide all the information from a lateral that is required for an experienced designer to design a flushing submain Chapter 2 Aqua Traxx PC Tape BOG Sirs 9 Mainline design The initial stage of mainline design consists of determining its location Laying out the route for the mainline to follow is often a trial and error procedure involving analysis of the costs and benefits of a number of alternative routes Once the mainline route has been chosen the proper pipe sizes must be specified For small systems the mainline can often be designed without an elevation drawing
19. one hour or longer This minimizes uneven distribution due to mainline fill and drain times and establishes a larger wetting pattern under each tape outlet For example if the irrigation time is determined to be 35 minutes for a given day it would probably be better to accumulate the time for two days and irrigate 70 minutes every other day MONITORING SYSTEM PERFORMANCE The well designed micro irrigation system will have built in diagnostic tools that will allow the operator to monitor the performance of the system and to detect possible problems in the early stages Included in this category are flow meters pressure gauges and submain riser filters Flow Meters System flow meters should be installed on the main supply lines and should provide readings of both instantaneous and cumulative flow These meters should be read regularly and the readings kept in a logbook Variations in the system flow rate may indicate that something in the system is amiss For example a gradual decline in system flow rate as measured by the flow meters may indicate a problem with the pumping station or a clogging problem in the field On the other hand an unexpected increase in the system flow rate might be an indication of a pipeline break or the presence of leakage in the system Measurements of cumulative flow will serve to verify water application schedules SSSR e Chapter 4 Operation and maintenance EW at Pressure Test Points The system should
20. r the desired length of the tape and the crop water requirement Aqua Traxx PC is available in two emitter flow rates These two flow rates are designated as 0 20 gph 10 psi and 0 27 gph 10 psi It is advantageous to choose the lowest flow rate that will do the job because low flow rates minimize friction loss and allow for longer runs and better uniformity However low flow rates may require a higher level of filtration 4 Outlet Spacing selection is often based upon the initial germination or growth needs of the crop For seeds or seedlings that are planted in a closely spaced pattern it is advantageous to use a tape product with closely spaced outlets Soil type plays a major role in the determination of outlet spacing since the soil texture and condition determines water movement and the shape of the wetted profile Computer Program AquaFlow AquaFlow provides designers with the information they need to design an Aqua Traxx PC tape system for optimum performance AquaFlow provides system operators with the information necessary to operate the system efficiently applying the desired amount of water and nutrients to the crop AquaFlow will help you to design a complete Aqua Traxx PC Aqua Traxx classic Dura Traxx Drip In classic and Drip In Pc systems In addition the AquaFlow program will also calculate the flushing velocities and chemical travel time of the lateral The program also allows for the sizing of submains and mainlines
21. ris to the outside of the emitter where it can be flushed away Next the water flows through the turbulent flow channel before entering the pressure responsive section The pressure responsive section responds to changes in water pressure to maintain a constant flow throughout the operating pressure range Finally the water exits through the laser made multiple slit outlets to the crop The multiple slits ensure the proper function of the emitter and also provide the added benefit of significantly reducing the effect of water running down the tube on slopes Chapter I Aqua Traxx PC Tape FEATURES AND ADVANTAGES e Precision molded emitter for high uniformity e Seamless construction for greater reliability e Multiple laser slit outlet Reduces startup clogging and impedes root intrusion o Dramatically reduces the water running down the tube on slopes e Turbulent flow path provides reduced clogging e Pressure compensating chamber provides increased Emission Uniformity EU throughout the operating pressure range e Available in a wide range of wall thicknesses outlet spacings and flow rates e Highly visible blue stripes for quality recognition and Emitter UP indicator e Superior tensile and burst strength e Tough abrasion resistant material reduces field damage Aqua Traxx PC installation in Salinas Ca Chapter I Aqua Traxx PC Tape SPECIFICATIONS Aqua Traxx PC Diameter amp Wall Thickness Dimensions
22. s utilizing buried tape plant roots may grow into tape outlets effectively clogging them This so called root intrusion into tape outlets may be widespread throughout the field severely compromising the effectiveness of the irrigation system In advanced cases there is no alternative but to replace the tape The tendency for root intrusion to occur varies widely according to crop type the type of system components selected depth and placement of the drip tape and irrigation scheduling practices It is known that moisture stress encourages plant root structures to expand more aggressively seeking water It is also known that roots will find and follow a seam on buried drip tape and grow into outlets if they are placed along this seam Two of the most effective preventive measures against root intrusion are to schedule irrigation in such a way as to avoid moisture stress and to select tape types which do not have a seam Drip tapes employing slit type outlets are considerably less susceptible to root intrusion than are those with hole type outlets Other measures employed against root intrusion are chemical treatments with acid acidic fertilizers chlorine or chemicals which retard root growth It must be noted that this type of chemical treatment because it is used to retard the roots of the crop may lead to serious crop damage if done incorrectly Growers are strongly encouraged to seek expert advice before attempting chemical treat
23. xtrusion grade engineering polymers renowned for their toughness and flexibility These polymers were developed specifically for use in harsh industrial and agricultural environments The exclusive flowpath molding process creates crisp well formed physical features resulting in excellent repeatability and high emission uniformity EU The turbulent flowpath design reduces clogging in the flow channel Pressure responsive section provides a relatively constant flow rate within the operating pressure range allowing for longer lengths of run and or significant elevation changes Flow exponent of 0 2 Broccoli in Salinas Ca Chapter I Aqua Traxx PC Tape p Aqua Traxx Inbets Intel openings are shaped like n fovea hare The anair Greet aoe bie fier bo hoki grit and ceteris tn fhe uisi of tha Outlet emiler were ij Preqision Loser ot can easly be outlet cht eliminate s f Mi hiat samus pigg Roa rey isinsin ob mpidid bry ihik par and Ch Ss adin of ie ouiiet duning Ihe mynai pe Prassure Responsive Section This secion responds jo changes in water pressure fo Tain a OonSisionl dow ihugho ut ihe recommend pri hare iji Labyrinth Pii makii e atari esses pug eseance and Produces excellent emission amimi Al emitia pid Crs of boas then Yh Aqua Traxx Pc emitter Aqua Traxx PC emitter As shown above water enters the flow path through the filter inlets which are shaped like a reverse funnel This keeps deb
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