Teresonic Magnus Monitor Speakers User's Manual
Contents
1. change in performance or d The product has been dropped or the enclosure damaged Servicing The user should not attempt to service the product beyond that described in the operating instructions All other servicing should be referred to qualified service personnel 182. during the transport the drivers may be shipped separately in their original packaging In this case you need to install the drivers an easy and straightforward process It will also give you an opportunity to peek inside your speaker s fine acoustic chamber Inside the baffle opening you will see two internal cables equipped with gold plated Red and Black O rings After cables are properly attached to the driver they can be put in place in two baffle holes on the left side see figure 2 and tightened with four screws provided using the supplied tool Fg 2 Installation and operation Place the speakers in their approximate location following recommendations in chapters four Fine Tuning and five Room Acoustics for the best results It is worth noting that when the tone controls on your pre amp are turned above the neutral setting this significantly burdens both speakers and amplifier In a good sound system tone controls should only be used to compensate for poor recordings and not to permanently compensate for weaknesses elsewhere in the system Teresonic recommends that the tone controls generally be set to the neutral position and you achieve your desired sound image through correct positioning of the speakers Ensuring that you keep the volume low enough so the sound remains clear and undistorted will minimize the strain on both speakers and amplifier Care should be taken when using the loudspeakers with very high pow
3. TERESOANIC Teresonic 1215 Fiddlers Green San Jose 95125 California USA Phone 408 973 8813 www teresonic com rounded polished smooth fine elegant in Latin Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION New life for your music yet perfectly natural Big performance even at 4 Watts per channel Exceptionally detailed and clean sound Designed amp handcrafted to endure the test of time CHAPTER 2 UNPACKING INSTRUCTIONS Contents CHAPTER 3 INSTALLATION AND WIRING Wiring Installation of Lowther drivers optional Installation and operation Important Break in period CHAPTER 4 FINE TUNING Speaker Placement Positioning Toe In Room acoustics and corner treatment Adjusting the reflector Plate Taking Care of Your Speakers 3 vn oOo gf wo a o o o oc 10 10 CHAPTER 5 ROOM ACOUSTICS Improve the sound stage amp image depth Getting fast tight realistic bass Improve musical detail Improve sound dispersion in the room CHAPTER 6 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Magus technical specifications Magus Stand technical specifications CHAPTER 7 WARRANTY AND SERVICE In the unlikely event of a problem Warranty Statement Final Instructions 11 12 12 13 14 14 15 16 16 17 18 DESIGN CUSTOMIZATION Ci i Introduction Congratulations on purchasing Magus one of the finest monitor loudspeakers ever made We hope that magic of Magus will reveal the best of your music coll
4. VICING TO QUALIFIED PERSONNEL Warranty Statement 1 Teresonic warrants the materials workmanship and proper functioning of this product for a period of three 3 years If any defects are found in the materials or workmanship of this Teresonic product or if the product ceases to function properly within the appropriate warranty period from the date of first purchase the unit will be repaired or replaced by Teresonic or its authorized agent after receiving authorization from the factory or dealer 2 Purchaser must return the product packaged in the original shipping box freight prepaid to Teresonic 1215 Fiddlers Green San Jose California 95125 4 This warranty is extended to the purchaser and any purchaser from him for value A proof of purchase e g sales invoice must be provided 5 Teresonic strives to manufacture the very finest possible equipment and therefore reserves the right to make changes in design and improvements upon its products without assuming an obligation to retrofit such changes upon its previously manufactured models Final Instructions 10 11 12 13 14 Read Instructions All the safety and operating instructions should be read before the product is operated Retain Instructions The safety and operating instructions should be retained for future reference Heed Warnings All warnings on the product and in the manual should be adhered to Follow Instructions All operati
5. ally problematic becoming less troublesome as the arrival time gets to 20 milliseconds or so Early reflections will tend to diminish the sound stage in the direction of the reflections early reflections from the side walls tend to reduce sound stage width while early reflections from the back wall will reduce image depth Some listeners are finding that a strong sense of depth enhances the feeling of involvement when listening due to three dimensional solidity of images Therefore it s more important to have a greater distance from the speakers to the rear wall than to the side walls Typically this is easier to achieve if the speakers are placed along the short wall of the listening room Getting fast tight realistic bass The parallel surfaces of most listening rooms can lead to a potential problem in the low frequencies A sound wave can be repeatedly reflected from opposing surfaces back and forth If the distance between the surfaces is a multiple of one half the sound wavelength a standing wave will be set up This means that the incident and reflected waves combine so that a stationary pattern of high a low sound pressures is established in the room This irregular distribution of sound level is caused by cancellation and reinforcement between the reflected and direct sound waves At high frequencies this pattern of high and low sound pressure levels within the room becomes too finely spaced to be discerned How
6. ated and extra costs of bi wiring there ate zo crossovers to adjust just connect the speaker cables and enjoy the music For optimal results Teresonic zero interference Clarison speaker cables ate recommended to connect the loudspeakers with your amplifier Namely the same ultra high quality Clarison cables that are used inside the speaker cabinet to connect speaker terminals in the back to the speaker driver Using the same cables will ensure the same character of the sound and the best overall sonic quality without coloration or distortions Wiring Connect the speaker wires to the terminals in the back of the speakers For the perfect sound experience the right speaker must be connected to the output terminal marked R or Right on your amplifier and the left speaker to the terminal marked L or Left A detail that is often overlooked is connection in correct phase i e the red terminal on the amplifier should be connected to the red terminal on the speaker and the white terminal on the amplifier should be connected to the white terminal on the speaker see Fig 1 If just one speaker in a stereo ot surround sound system is not connected in phase the bass will be weak and the overall sound will be diffuse ii Fig 1 Installation of Lowther drivers optional Your Magus speakers are usually shipped with Lowther drivers installed and ready for use In certain situations such as to avoid driver damage
7. e improvements such as increase in bass content and control sound image opening up and the overall sound gaining in better and more involving presentation It is therefore recommended that the fine tuning of the entire system be delayed until after the break in period is completed Fine Tuning Following these recommendations ts critical to obtaining optimum results from your speakers sound and the highest efficiency in its class Still fine tuning recommendations and room acoustics suggestions are imperative to obtaining the best results For example selecting the proper room position for your speakers can dramatically improve their overall performance Y our Teresonic speakers are among the finest loudspeakers ever designed to offer exceptionally natural Speaker Placement Although your Magus speakers may be placed in a wide variety of positions relative to the walls of the room including corners of the room it is still recommended to experiment a bit to achieve optimal results The recommended position is Magus on its stand with speaker s drivers approximately at the same level as the listener head ears This rule should be also applied if speakers are positioned on a table or shelf It is recommended that speakers are positioned close to the back wall This back wall loading will improve the bass response in many rooms See chapter five for details how to improve the room acoustics There is no suggested upper limit for the distance
8. ection and provide many listening pleasures for years to come Its all about music after all eresonic Magus monitor speakers are designed to produce the most natural sound of exceptional clarity and levels of detail neutrality and stereo imaging that are beyond anything else in their category That is accomplished using unique and very advanced acoustic design the finest components and materials available and by avoiding every unnecessary component or gimmick that can introduce sound coloration interference or distortion leading to musical reality of a concert hall or a jazz club transferred to your listening room New life for your music yet perfectly natural Every sound source in nature is punctual radiating sound waves around them whether it s a violin a trumpet or a human voice Teresonic speakers follow that basic design rule of the Nature Conventional multi driver designs are based on the idea that it s fine to divide up the frequency range to be reproduced by using a crossover to assign parts of the frequency range to different drivers This introduces multiple interfering sound sources speaker drivers in the cabinet which lead to complex and unpredictable cancellations and reinforcements between sound waves leading to sound coloration and distortion In addition musical instruments or human voices reproduced by multiple sources each source driver with its own location timing and resonances creates lack of c
9. ence the sound from a The great majority of listening rooms are rectangular with parallel surfaces made of hard materials that are acoustically reflective and can produce standing waves flutter echo and unwanted reflections that need to be eliminated These large ateas are the predominant factors in the overall room acoustics although the other items in the room such as furnishings carpeting wall hangings doorways etc will also play a role Here are some recommendations Improve the sound stage and image depth Reflected sound waves that reach the listener within 10 20 milliseconds of the direct signal from the loudspeaker ate sometimes called early reflections that can reduce the subjective quality of reproduced sound When a reflected sound reaches the listener more than 40 milliseconds later than the direct sound the reflection is heard as a discrete echo This is a desired effect that helps our brain to interpret spaciousness of the room as any musical performance is heard in some room jazz club concert hall However if the reflected sound attives within around 10 20 milliseconds the ear brain system tends to integrate the two sounds so that only one sound is heard Early reflections in the listening room will tend to obscure the ambient information in the recording that portrays the original recording site leading to a loss of dimensionality and spaciousness Secondary arrivals within the first 10 milliseconds are especi
10. er The ability of the Teresonic speakers to speak across the full frequency spectrum with one voice and with such speed and lack of coloration makes them seem all the more electrostatic In the end however Teresonic speakers will play much louder than all except the largest electrostatic speakers They are so fast that you can hit them with hard transients and they not only do not flinch they start and stop on a dime and deliver the full frequency and dynamic range of the signal It is actually kind of hard to truly convey the full abilities of these speakers Big performance even at 4 Watts per channel Traditional monitors are usually rated at 86 88 db and require at least 20 Watts of power The ultra high 98 db efficiency of Magus speakers enables low power amplifiers or high power amplifiers operated at low power levels to achieve realistic sound levels in most not just the smallest rooms The Teresonic will sound outstanding and play plenty loudly with an 8 wpc 300B based tube stereo amplifier as well as a 25 wpc 845 based tube amplifier or any other SET designs They also sound excellent when powered by a set of the push pull monoblocs that are rated at 100 wpc With Teresonic speakers even sonic gems such as 3 wpe 2A3 based amplifiers will deliver big performance If 1 watt is good for 98 db then 4 watts are good for a peak output of about 104 db and 8 watts of about 107 db at one meter distance and with the lowest distortion yo
11. ered amplifiers Although Teresonic speakers are reasonably tolerant and have power handling of up to 100W they are also extremely efficient and therefore require considerably less power than most loudspeakers in the market If audible distortion occurs the amplifier or the loudspeaker is being overloaded and damage is likely to result Should you be unfortunate enough to damage a drive unit either by accident or misuse please ensure that it is replaced only with an original DX55 Lowther driver This will maintain the speakers performance Important Break in Period With very few exceptions dynamic loudspeakers have a break in period where the drive units loosen up during this time the bass will not display its full lower bandwidth and the speaker will sound brighter than when broken in As the suspension material of the driver softens up the fullness of the bass and the smoothness of the treble will start to emerge The break in process occurs naturally as music is played through your system To reduce the time required it is recommended that the system be played continuously using either a digital source in the repeat mode CD or an FM broadcast signal tuner 1 Your Teresonic speakers went through a 100 hour initial break in period in the factory 2 Your recommended break in period is at least 200 hours best accomplished with relatively loud and dynamic source material During the break in period you will notic
12. ever when the dimensions of the room are comparable to the wavelength of the musical notes there will be obvious changes in the intensity of certain bass notes in different locations within the room Additionally the existence of the standing wave implies a resonant condition where acoustic energy is stored in the room This energy storage can result in heavy muddy or slow bass Since the presence of standing waves is caused by parallel reflective surfaces practically every listening room suffers from this problem to some degree Howevet several factors are working in our favor here First as the room size increases the affected frequencies become lower and thereby less audibly apparent Second the presence of shelving or furniture against the walls will break up the large surfaces reducing the magnitude of the problem Third upholstered furniture can absorb a significant amount of bass diminishing the build up of resonant energy Finally typical wall construction isn t completely reflective at low frequencies However in some cases audibly objectionable standing waves will still be present in the listening room This can be noted by large variations of the intensity of certain bass notes in different areas of the room Another indicator is an unevenness of loudness of different bass notes This is sometimes what is actually on the recording so be sure that this is consistently a problem on a variety of recordings Impro
13. for your listening situation The optimum angle is usually 3 10 degrees inward Fig 3 Once you are happy with the positioning of your speakers it is important to ensure that they are completely stable For floor models it is essential that you use the accompanying spikes Room acoustics Listening your Magus speakers in a properly set up room can be a startling experience The listening room is the final link of the playback system as important or more important than other components in the chain 1 Turntable CD or SACD player 2 Interconnect cables 3 Amplifier 4 Speaker cables 5 Loudspeakers and 6 Listening room Some simple and relatively inexpensive adjustments can lead to superb results as described in chapter five Some of the sound you hear comes not from the actual speakers but from reflections from floor ceiling and walls These reflections are dampened by objects such as furniture plants and carpets If the sound is bright soft items such as curtains and carpets can help If the room has large window panes drawing the curtains will prevent reflections from the glass surfaces Both the amount and quality of the bass depend on the size and shape of the room and the position of the speakers If positioned near a side or back wall this will accentuate the bass A corner location will accentuate it even more but will also increase the reflections The decision is youts so experiment with different positions to find whic
14. h dedicated Magus stands The Magus stands are equipped with an adjustable plate reflector plate that allows changes in distance between the port at the bottom of the speaker and the reflector plate Technical Specifications Worlds most natural sounding speakers provide the highest performance in tts dass Magus Speaker Technical Specifications One way stand mount bookshelf or tabletop dynamic loudspeaker Multi chamber Compact Monitor 55Hz 22kHz 3dB 98dB SPL 2 83Volt 1m 1kHz One 5 Lowther DX 55 driver per enclosure 8 Ohms Hi Ferric Rare Earth Tesla Single driver full range no crossover 4 100 Watts into 8 Ohms WBT gold plated terminals Zero interference Clarison cables 15x 12 x 9in 38 x 30 x 23cm max without spikes 25 Ib 10 kg per pair of speakers 35 Ib 22 kg per pait of speakers Spikes and floor discs gold finish adjustable Speaker grille black cloth removable Real wood veneer finishes Rosewood Black Specifications subject to change without notice Magus Speaker Stand Technical Specifications Heavy duty speaker stand with base plate 27 x 10 x 14in 68 x 25 x 35cm max with spikes 17 Ib 8kg per pair 19 Ib 8 5kg per package Adjustable reflector plate Speaker mounting hardware Spikes and floor discs are provided with Magus speakers Base and reflector plate are real wood veneer finishes Rosewood Black Stand is black mate Specifications subject to change without notice Warrant
15. h provides the ideal sound for you Adjusting Reflector Plate on Magus Stands Your Magus speaker stands are equipped with an adjustable reflector plate that can be used for fine tuning to the room acoustics This isn t replacement for room treatment discussed in this guide and can t provide big improvements as can be obtained with a proper room treatment but it enables further flexibility in placement of Magus speakers in the room Again the decision is yours so experiment with different positions to find which provides the ideal sound for you Taking Care of Your Speakers Your Teresonic speakers are finished with several layers of a high quality furniture lacquer Use only high quality furniture polish to properly care for your speakers Apply fine furniture polish to a clean lint free polishing cloth or use cotton cloth that is clean and lint free and carefully wipe it on the cabinet Wipe off the excess polish until the desired luster is achieved The loudspeaker drivers require no regular maintenance Room Acoustics Listening your Teresonic speakers in a properly set up room can be a startling experience speaker In fact it s a matter of how the room accommodates the sound and then dissipates it You can influence the acoustics of your listening room in various ways Some simple and relatively inexpensive adjustments can lead to superb results E vety room has its own distinctive acoustics which influences the way we experi
16. inspect the outer carton for any signs of shipping damage If you see or suspect that there 1s damage inform the seller as soon as possible safe transportation If the shipping carton looks intact proceed with unpacking starting at OPEN THIS SIDE and removing the Styrofoam cover It is recommended that you save the boxes and other packing material such as cotton bags that are protecting the fine lacquer on your speakers for possible future use Y our Teresonic speakers were shipped in heavy duty carton boxes and Styrofoam molds for At this time please fill out the warranty card on the internet www teresonic com warranty putting both serial numbers and the date of purchase on the card The serial numbers are on the rear of the speakers below the input terminals and on your invoice Contents The shipping box contains the following items 1 One pair of Magus loudspeakers 2 One pair of removable grilles 3 The owner s manual and 4 Three adjustable spikes and floor discs If you purchased Teresonic s Clarison speaker cables they can be found in the same box Installation and Wiring Before making any connections always Installing and wiring your speakers is an easy and straightforward process Enjoy your new Teresonic sound our speakers are equipped with highest quality WBT binding posts that are a true five way design and will accept 6mm 1 4 or 8mm 5 16 spades 4mm bananas bare wire etc There is zo need for the complic
17. l wall damping and the port tune frequency has been adjusted accordingly for optimal bass performance The Magus cabinet may look deceptively simple but requires careful handcrafting with unique oval shapes and several critically damped and acoustically tuned compartments chambers partitions and screens brought together by the skillful hands of our cabinetmakers True high end speakers such as Teresonic need top quality drive units We use the top of the line DX series of legendary Lowther drivers considered the Rolls Royce of the speaker industry that are hand made by Lowther Voigt Ltd in England They incorporate extremely powerful magnets and ultra light paper cones leading to extraordinary efficiency transient response and low distortion They are possessed of a stunning sense of aliveness and vitality and have a degree of sonic invisibility that is both seductive and addictive Many high end speakers on the market will use standard wiring inside the box between drivers and connectors in the back of the box Not so with Teresonic speakers They are equipped with the worlds best WBT connectors and the same high end Clarison cables inside the box that are offered to connect to your amplifier Matching speaker cables and wiring inside the box is also important to maintain the same sonic character in the entire audio chain from your amplifier to the speaker and the drive unit Unpacking Instructions Important Before you start unpacking
18. ng and use instructions should be followed Water and Moisture The product should not be used near water for example near a bathtub washbowl kitchen sink laundry tub in a wet basement near a swimming pool ete Carts and Stands This product is tabletop floor standing model and no use with carts or stands is recommended by the manufacturer Wall or Ceiling Mounting This product is tabletop floor standing model and is not designed to be mounted to a wall or ceiling Ventilation This product should be situated so that its location or position does not interfere with proper ventilation For example it should not be situated on a bed sofa rug or similar surface that may block the ventilation openings Heat This product should be situated away from heat sources such as radiators heat registers stoves or other appliances that produce heat Cleaning Do not use any liquid cleaners Use only a dry cloth to wipe off dust and grease ot high quality wood polishing products Object and Liquid Entry Care should be taken so that objects do not fall and liquids are not spilled onto the product or into the enclosure through openings Damage Requiring Service This product should be serviced by qualified personnel only especially when a Product has fallen or liquid has been spilled onto or into the product or b The product has been exposed to rain or c The product does not appear to operate normally or exhibits a marked
19. oherence This lack of coherence in multi way speakers creates a problem for the human ear as it tries to identify the stream of musical data and send it to the brain to compose many elements into a perceptual whole that we experience as music While the human brain is incredibly capable the parts that do not fit well alert the brain that there is something wrong and this can cause listening fatigue This is often an issue even with high end multi way systems Teresonic single driver design using full range very high efficiency drivers provides natural sound with a wealth of detail coherence exceptional dynamic range and a sense of musical aliveness that you seldom hear elsewhere DESIGN CUSTOMIZATION The challenge is to make speakers that we can call transcendental something that breaks boundaries and creates emotion but keeps the sound natural and intact as it was in the concert hall or a recording studio Teresonic speakers operate legendary Lowther full range speakers without crossovers Conventional designs put a crossover in the mid range to split the signal between the bass driver and the tweeter This is exactly the range where human hearing is most sensitive These crossovers introduce phase and balance changes that cause deterioration in coherency transparency and imaging Even worse most speakers go from a cone driver fot the bass to a tweeter with totally different sonic characteristics such as a dome or ribbon tweet
20. s to the walls even 10 feet to one wall and 15 feet to the other wall will provide good results However regardless of the absolute numbers used the most even bass response will be attained if the distances from the side wall and rear wall are not overly similar The following points highlight the fundamental concepts in loudspeaker positioning covered in details in the next chapter five Positioning Toe In Adjusting the toe in angle of the speakers is useful in tailoring the sound to match the characteristics of your system and the listening room When the speakers are facing straight forward they tend to create a large expansive sound stage As they are rotated toward the listening position the image becomes more compact with increased focus creating a greater sense of intimacy Pointing the speakers inward is also helpful in situations where strong reflections from the side walls are a problem Start with loudspeaker facing straight forward which is according to our experience the preferred position for listening i e 20 30 degrees relative to the optimal listener position see Fig 3 and play either a mono source or a stereo source with a distinct center image e g solo instrument human voice through both channels If the image is not in the center carefully rotate the loudspeakers inward in small increments to bring the image in precise center focus Toe in is rather delicate and experimentation is necessaty to achieve proper angle
21. shed in Teresonic Ingenium and Integrum series combined with a flair for reproducing DESIGN CUSTOMIZATION evety type of music from rock to opera jazz through folk They have quite a punchy low end for their size Drums and percussion are reproduced with stunning weight and clarity Notice precise duration and fine separation between tones compared to overlapping and lingering tones reproduced by most of traditional multi driver designs regardless of their size or price range You will find Magus speakers amazing very neutral yet extremely clear and articulate Designed amp handcrafted to endure the test of time Form follows function and our enclosures are very attractive sculpture like shapes a welcome addition to any room Any way you consider them as a piece of att that sounds great or great sounding speakers in an eye pleasing package Magus monitors are built entirely by hand to highest standards using the finest materials available High gloss finish applied in several layers of highest quality Italian varnish enhances the natural wood veneer and superb craftsmanship that one may expect from the finest cabinet makers and in speakers costing thousands more Designed like the finest music instrument such as violin or cello Magus elegant cabinet is specially shaped and wall damped ensuring that its internal structure resonates vibrates and breathes at low frequencies as do fine musical instruments Special interna
22. u have ever heard in a loudspeaker Higher power solid state amplifiers will benefit from operating on low power levels where the distortions are lowest or almost non existent Despite manufacturers paper specifications even the finest high end amplifiers will introduce some sound distortions and colorations when played at high power levels This is driven by laws of physics and various components characteristics that vary at different load levels Higher the load more stress on the component more difficult for designer to get perfect results even harder at the high end The simple solution is to operate at lower power levels and enjoy your music unspoiled as it was created in its natural environment and still have the big performance sound of concert hall Exceptionally detailed and clean sound The unique Magus design the result of some 20 years of research and experimentation and Lowther s speed and accuracy ate key for Teresonic speakers extremely clean and accurate midrange the widest range of sound audible to our ears with tight low frequencies It is also the simplest purest most uncolored approach to design a system which allows the speaker drivers to operate in free air duplicating the motion of sound waves emanating from both sides of a musical instrument in live performance The full range single driver no crossover Magus design is the outstanding example of detailed and crystal clear sound already establi
23. ve musical detail Parallel reflective surfaces can also produce a different audible problem If there is little absorption at higher frequencies musical transients containing high frequencies such as a hand clap or strike of a percussion instrument can be heard bouncing repeatedly between the surfaces This effect is called flutter echo or slap echo and such multiple reflections can obscure music detail The situation is analogous to standing between two parallel mirrors when the outline of your reflections becomes more difficult to discern due to the additional reflected images present Improve sound dispersion in the room Speaker placement relative to the floor and walls can affect a uniform dispersion of sound in the room Similar to the way that mirror reflects the light of a light source so can the surfaces near the loudspeaker reflect the sound waves back into the listening room There are typically three reflective surfaces near each speaker the floor the rear wall and the side wall Each of these surfaces produces its own reflections and hence its own cancellation and reinforcement as well as changes in sound dispersion By properly selecting the distances to each surface we can provide a more uniform sound dispersion Conversely improper placement of the loudspeakers can result in uneven frequency response and lower sound quality Your Magus speakers have a unique capability to improve sound dispersion in the room when used wit
24. y and Service Your leresonic speakers are made with the highest quality materials and components In the unlikely event of a problem this product is covered by a full three 3 year warranty our Teresonic speakers are warranted against defects in workmanship and materials for a period of three 3 years provided that you register on web site within thirty 30 days of the purchase date If the registration is not done within the 30 days period this warranty is null and void A complete statement of warranty is given below Please take the time to register on the web site In the unlikely event of a problem In the unlikely event of a problem with your Teresonic speakers the only component susceptible to failure is the drive unit since there are no other mechanical or electronic components in your loudspeakers to guaranty the most natural sound and the highest performance possible If driver replacement is required have your dealer contact Teresonic who will provide an exact replacement unit ensuring continued operation at the highest level of performance and sound quality The defective driver must then be returned to the factory for inspection to determine the status of the warranty claim This on site replacement of the driver unit eliminates the time and expense of shipping the entire speaker to the factory for repair CAUTION TO REDUCE THE RISK OF ELECTRIC SHOCK DO NOT REMOVE THE BACK PANEL NO USER SERVICEABLE PARTS INSIDE REFER SER
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