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Star Micronics NX-15 User's Manual

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1. or Z and n1 is one of the numbers used with the ESC com mand 0 to 6 There are several instances in which you may use this sequence 112 The first occurs if you have written a program to be printed in one graphics mode and now want to print it in another If you have used concatenation to store your graphics command in one short character string that will not be difficult You can simply change the mode number or alternate code in the definition of the character string second time you can make good use of the redefining code occurs when you want to change a program in which you have not concatenated the graphics codes Using the ESC se quence allows you to change every instance of your graphics command by entering only one line 9 pin graphics mode In the early part of this chapter we said that the bottom pin of the print head is not normally used in the graphics modes That s because most computers communicate with parallel type peripheral devices using eight data lines When the peripheral is a printer each data line corresponds to one pin on the print head Thus each byte sent will fire up to eight pins But the printer has 9 pins available So how do you fire the ninth pin with only 8 data lines In fact do you really want to bother with just one extra pin Well for such graphics intensive applications as screen dumps printing 9 pins at a time can speed up the process consid
2. 111 161 ESO L 111 161 lt ESC gt 56 145 lt ESC gt 1 66 155 lt ESC gt 46 137 ESO N n 63 151 lt ESC gt 63 151 lt ESC gt P 46 137 lt ESC gt 0 50 139 lt ESC gt 1 50 139 lt ESC gt n 66 155 lt ESC gt n 134 lt ESC gt n 63 151 lt ESC gt S 0 45 143 lt ESC gt 5 1 45 144 lt ESC gt SD 138 lt ESC gt lt SO gt 141 lt ESC gt 45 144 lt ESC gt U n 82 170 lt ESC gt W n 48 140 CESC X n1 n2 66 154 lt ESC gt x 0 24 43 136 lt ESC gt x 1 24 43 136 lt ESC gt 111 162 lt ESC gt Z 111 162 ESO 157 lt ESC gt 111 164 lt ESC gt n 167 Execute macro instruction 165 198 Expanded print 27 33 47 53 140 Extra functions 10 33 Feeding paper 70 13 lt FF gt 61 149 Font pitch commands 137 Font style commands 133 Foreign language characters 87 122 134 Form feed 61 149 Form feed commands 149 Form feed reverse 61 Forward micro feed 35 Gap adjusting 16 Graphics 84 CRT 110 111 CRT type 110 111 data 109 double density 110 111 normal density 110 111 plotter 210 111 quadruple density 110 111 Grid for download characters 100 105 Hex dump 94 Hexadecimal 39 95 High resolution graphics 110 Horizontal position commands 154 Horiz
3. PR 1 1 LIST PRINT Hello PR O PR O The 1 tells the Apple to send everything to the printer the LIST or PRINT command sends it and the PR 0 returns output to the screen Now that we know how to address the printer let s try listing a BASIC program We will load a program into memory ready to program printer operation just as soon as we learn a little bit about the ASCII codes ASCII codes and the CHR function You can talk to your computer in BASIC but your computer and your printer talk to each other in what are known as ASCII codes In the ASCII code each number from 0 to 255 has a par ticular meaning 36 for example makes the printer print a dollar sign Some numbers cause the printer to do other things too For instance sending a 7 sounds the printer s bell 39 Taken together these numbers and their meanings make up the ASCII code pronounced ask key which stands for the American Standard Code for Information Interchange There are ASCII codes for all the letters of the alphabet upper case and _ lower case 0 to 9 most punctuation marks and some but not all of the functions of the printer There are a number of different ways to represent an ASCII code depending on how you are using it For example the ASCII codes for the upper case letter A are 65 decimal or amp HA1 hexadecimal Or you can just call it Appendix B shows all of the ASCII codes BASIC uses t
4. SE AE BE CE 2 4 SF oF 8F 9 DF EF FF aBsS nb 0123434789 lt gt ABCDEFGHI JELMNO PORSTUVWXYZLNJ1 abcdefghi ik1mno parstuvwiyziil Notice that your printer receives decimal code 13 Hex 0D together with hex 0A which is really decimal 10 In addition your printer does not receive decimal code 26 hex 1A Your printer prints 16 hex numbers per line printing the characters on the right hand side If it receives less than 16 it sits in a holding pattern awaiting more data Taking the printer off line dumps the characters to the paper To debug a program quickly just use the hex dump capabili ty Appendix B will help you translate the hex codes to ASCII equivalents 96 7 DOWNLOAD CHARACTERS AND DOT GRAPHICS Subjects covered in Chapter 7 include Designing and printing your own characters User designed graphics Using the procedures outlined so far all of the printer s standard functions can be utilized There are two additional user defined functions available designing and printing your own characters and designing and printing your own dot graphics These two functions can be used to design and print any sym bol or any graphic shape This allows you to make your own special symbols or print a company logo Some understanding of dot matrix technology will
5. 90 LPRINT CHR 27 h CHR 2 100 LPRINT QUAD 110 LPRINT CHRS 27 h CHRS 0 120 LPRINT SIZED PRINTING 130 END When you run this program you will get like this THIS 15 SIZED PRINTING JA AL i TAM As you can see when the big character command is used the baseline for each character does not align If you want to align the baseline try this program 10 Demo of aligning BIG characters 20 LPRINT THIS IS 30 LPRINT CHR 27 j CHR 21 40 LPRINT CHR 27 h CHR 1 50 LPRINT DOUBLE 60 LPRINT CHR 27 h CHRS 0 70 LPRINT 27 J CHR 18 80 LPRINT SIZED PRINTING 90 LPRINT LPRINT LPRINT 100 LPRINT THIS IS 110 LPRINT CHR 27 j CHR 63 120 LPRINT CHR 27 h CHRS 2 130 LPRINT QUAD 140 LPRINT CHR 27 h CHR 0 150 LPRINT CHR 27 J CHR 63 160 LPRINT SIZED PRINTING 170 LPRINT LPRINT 180 END 92 THIS IS Li hi E SIZED PRINTING id SIZED PRINTING The optional sheet feeder The automatic sheet feeder is a handy option that feeds single cut sheets automatically Work done on cut sheets looks better that done on computer paper and you don t have to tear the perforations off each sheet as you must with fan fold paper The automatic sheet feeder feeds a new sheet automatically every time the printer receives or generates a form feed Any time you wish you can turn the auto feed un
6. The second setting is for normal single sheets amp The third is for sprocket feed paper W The bottom one is used when you want to release the paper completely to adjust it The paper bail holds the paper against the platen according to the setting of the release lever The bail is opened when the release lever is in the top position closed when the lever is in the second or third positions and opened by the printer when the lever is in the bottom position Release lever Paper bail Figure 2 3 Use friction feed for single sheets and tractor feed for continuous paper Loading single sheets Instead of feeding the paper in anually by turning the platen knob you can use the release lever for automatic feeding the printer must be turned ox Single sheets from 6 to 14 5 inches wide can be used and the paper guide must be fitted 1 Flip the clamp levers backward and move the sprockets and sheet guides on the tractor feed unit all the way to the ends 2 With the ribs of the paper guide toward you and the sliding adjuster at the bottom left insert the guide into the slot at the back of the printer cover Guide stand Sprocket Clamp lever Figure 2 4 Raise the paper guide for loading sinesle sheets 3 Insert the guide stand in the notches provided for it and prop up the paper guide 4 Position the adjuster at the triangle marked on the guide for standard mar
7. Chapter 7 161 DOT GRAPHICS COMMANDS PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCIT hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Prints normal density graphics ESC nl n2 ml m2 27 75 nl n2 ml m2 1B 4B nl n2 ml m2 This command selects 60 dots per inch column scan bit image graphics mode The values of n1 and 42 represent the number of graphics characters to be printed where the total number of characters n2 times 256 nl The correct number of graphics data bytes ml m2 etc must follow n2 The ASCII values of these bytes determine which pins are fired for each character Chapter 7 Prints double density graphics ESC L nl n2 ml m2 27 76 nl n2 ml m2 1B 4C nl1m2ml m2 This command selects 120 dots per inch column scan bit image graphics mode The values of 1 and n2 are the same as in normal density graphics The correct number of graphics data bytes m1 m2 etc must follow n2 The ASCII values of these bytes determine which pins are fired for each character Chapter 7 162 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCID REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Prints double density graphics at double speed ESC Y nlmn2 ml m2 27 89 nl n2 ml m2 1B 59 nl n2 ml m2 This command selects 120 dots per inch column scan bit image graphics mode a
8. Sets vertical tab positions in a channel ESC gt nl n2 73 0 27 98 n0 nl n2 n3 0 1B 62 nl n2 n3 00 This command cancels all current ver tical tab positions in channel 40 and sets those defined at lines n1 n2 n3 etc The maximum number of vertical tab positions for each channel allowed is 16 The ASCII 0 character is used as a com mand terminator Each vertical tab posi tion must be specified in ascending order The vertical channel 0 must be between 0 and 7 Chapter 5 Sets vertical tab positions every n lines ESC 1 n 27 101 1 n 1B 65 01 n This command cancels all current ver tical tab positions and sets those every n lines NOTE The character 1 decimal code 49 hexadecimal code 31 can be used instead of ASCII 1 Chapter 5 154 CONTROLLING THE HORIZONTAL PRINT POSITION This section described commands that move the print head and restrict its printing range such as setting margins and tabs PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCID hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Returns print head to the left margin carriage return CR 13 0D This command returns the print head to the left margin If DIP switch 1 8 has been set off this command will also cause a line feed character to be generated after the carriage return thereby advancing to the beginning of the next print line automatical
9. This command causes the printer to disregard the signal sent by the paper out detector The paper out signal nor mally sounds the printer bell and stops printing until paper is inserted and the printer is reset DIP switch 1 5 can also set to disable the paper out detector Chapter 6 Enables paper out detector ESC g 27 57 1B 39 This command restores the function of the paper out detector Chapter 6 Selects uni directional printing ESC U 1 27 85 1 1B 55 01 This command causes all subsequent printing to be done in uni directional printing Uni directional printing is useful in printing tables or charts since it ensures that vertical columns of characters will be aligned NOTE The character 1 decimal code 49 hexadecimal code 31 can be used instead of ASCII 1 Chapter 6 171 CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Cancels uni directional printing ESC U 0 27 85 0 1B 55 00 This command cancels uni directional printing and returns to the standard bi directional printing which is con siderably faster NOTE The character 0 decimal code 48 hexadecimal code 30 can be used instead of ASCII 0 Chapter 6 Selects one line uni directional printing ESC 27 60 1 3C This command immediately returns the print head to the left margin The re
10. Z E Printing characters in the control code area When you refer the Appendix B you ll find many characters are printed in the control code area Remember that the low order control codes are the ASCII codes 0 through 31 plus 127 and the high order control codes are 128 through 159 plus 255 These codes don t normally print symbols on paper rather they cause the printer to change modes To make them print as normal symbols requires an extra command For example the command to normalize the high order control codes is ESC 6 Try this program with the DIP switch 2 5 on 10 Demo of characters in the high control code area 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 6 30 FOR 1 128 TO 159 40 LPRINT CHRS I 50 NEXT I 60 LPRINT CHRS 27 7 70 END When you run this program you ll get like this AUO E RADAR Aaga pirg AUAA F 89 That s where the italic international characters have been stored So the ESC 6 command without the ESC gives you access to the international characters The ESC 7 turns these characters back into control codes The low order control codes can also be defined but not all of them can be printed easily The ESC I 1 command makes them printable and the ESC 0 returns them to normal Just as the higher control codes hide the italic international characters the lower control codes hide the roman international characters Let s
11. ESC nO nl n2 m1 m2 Selects 9 pin graphics ESC a n Sets alignment or centering ESC b n0 n1 n2 n3 CHR 0 Sets vertical tab positions in a chan nel ESC e On Sets horizontal tab positions every n characters ESC 1n Sets vertical tab positions every n lines ESC On Sets the print position to n characters ESC f 1m Sets print position to n lines ESC h n Enlarges characters in whole or in part cancels same ESC i 0 Cancels immediate print mode ESC i 1 Sets immediate print mode ESC lt n Sends a one time reverse feed of n 216 inch ESC n Sets the left margin ESC p 0 Cancels proportional print ESC p 1 Sets the printer to proportional print ESC r n Sets the top margin ESC x 0 Cancels NLQ characters ESC 1 Selects NLQ characters ESC 0 Prints normal zero ESC 1 Prints slash zero 0 Cancels auto feed mode 4 Selects auto feed mode RY Ejects paper APPENDIX TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Printing Printing method Serial impact dot matrix Printing speed 120 characters per second in Draft pica 30 characters per second in NLQ mode Print buffer 4 KB Paper feed 2 7 inches second for form feeding Tractor and Friction feed Printing direction Bi directional logic seeking Uni directional in dot graphics modes Character set Draft characters 96
12. Removing the printer cover The printer s cover is important for two reasons it keeps dust and dirt away from the printer s delicate mechanism and it absorbs nearly all of the printer s operating sounds Don t take off the cover unless you have to change the ribbon or make an adjustment To remove the cover lift up the back of the cover to disengage the three tabs at the front then lift it off the rest of the way To replace the cover slide the tabs in at the front and lower it into place Figure 1 2 shows the proper position and movement for both removing and replacing the cover Printer cover Figure 1 2 Remove the printer cover by lifting carefully Removing the packing tube The printer is shipped with a protective spiral tube to keep the print head from being damaged during shipping This tube must be removed before use First take off the printer cover The protective tube is split along its bottom side to allow easy removal Grasp one end of the spiral tube and firmly pull it up ward and away from the carriage rail Protective tube Figure 1 3 Remove the protective tube from the carriage rail Installing the ribbon cartridge This printer uses a neat easy to change ribbon cartridge with automatic threading To fit or change the ribbon cartridge 1 Turn off the power and remove the printer cover 2 Slidethe print head gently to the center of the printer W
13. mainder of the line is printed from left to right Normal bi directional printing resumes following a carriage return Chapter 6 172 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCID REMARKS SEE Enlarges characters in whole or in part cancels same ESC h n 27 104 n 1B 68 n This special command enlarges characters following the command until the enlargement is cancelled The values of have the following effects Effect Cancels enlargement Double high double wide Quadruple high quadruple wide Double high double wide Lower half only Double high double wide Upper half only 5 Quadruple high quadruple wide Lower half only 6 Quadruple high quadruple wide Upper half only Chapter 6 w ojx A Expands the printable area ESC 6 27 54 1B 36 This command causes the printer to use the high order control code area as a printable character area when the DIP switch 2 5 is set on Chapter 6 173 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Cancels the expansion of printable area ESC 7 27 55 1 37 This command cancels the expansion of the printable character area and restores the high order control code area when the D
14. 50 GOSUB 70 60 END 70 FOR 1 TO 80 80 LPRINT X 90 NEXT I 100 LPRINT 110 RETURN The first thing that this program does is to branch to the subroutine that starts in line 70 This subroutine prints 80 X s in row The first time that the subroutine is used all the X s fit in one line Then line 30 sets the left margin to 10 and line 40 sets the right margin to 70 Once again the subroutine is used but this time the X s won t all fit on one line since there is now only room for 60 characters between the margins Run the program The results will look like this XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX 67 When you want to reset the margins to the default values you have two choices You can either turn the printer off and back on or you can set margin values equal to the default values This means that you should set a left margin of 0 and right margin of 136 in pica pitch If you change the pitch of your printing after you set your margins the margins will not change They stay at the same place on the page So if you set the margins to give you 65 col umns of printing when you are using pica type and you change to elite type you will have room for more than 65 columns of elite printing between the margins HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL TABS Suppose you need to move across the page to a cer
15. 53 Command syntax 41 Commands dot graphics 161 download characters 159 font pitch 737 font style 133 form feed 149 horizontal position 154 line feed 745 macro instruction 165 print style 133 vertical position 145 Commercial software 21 Computer paper 73 Condensed pitch 26 33 48 53 138 Connecting the printer 18 Control code area 88 Control codes 39 Control key 39 Control panel 9 Copying characters to download RAM 102 160 Cord power 7 Cover open detector 5 Cover printer 2 7 12 Covers sprocket 14 55 154 78 169 lt DC2 gt 138 lt DC3 gt 78 169 lt DC4 gt 141 Defining characters 98 159 macro instruction 93 165 79 168 Delete 79 168 Deselect printer 78 170 Detector cover open 5 paper out 78 169 DIP switches 10 24 56 58 81 84 92 121 134 145 147 149 154 158 170 172 175 191 Dot graphics 108 163 Dot graphics commands 761 Dot matrix 97 Double density graphics 770 111 161 Double strike 37 Download characters 78 97 122 159 175 Draft characters 122 Draft indicator 9 EasyWriter II 22 25 Eighth bit controls 83 166 167 Ejects paper 177 Elite pitch 26 33 46 53 137 Emphasized printing 28 51 53 142 Enlarged characters 90 172 Environment 1 Escape code 23 31 40 CESC n 141 lt ESC gt 83 167 lt ESC gt 157 lt gt 9s n 102 160 CESC
16. 66 151 154 Setting tabs 67 71 156 Setup 1 Seven bit interface 83 166 Sheet feeder 92 199 SD 138 Single sheets 11 Skip over perforation 63 Slash zero 80 167 lt SO gt 140 Software mode 41 Software commercial 21 Space adjusting 81 character 158 Special symbols 84 Specifications 183 Sprocket covers 14 Sprocket feed paper 7 13 Standard mode 42 81 122 147 158 172 173 Starting new line 55 Subscripts 28 31 45 144 Superscripts 28 31 45 143 Switch power 10 Switches DIP 10 24 56 58 81 84 92 121 147 150 154 170 191 Syntax command 41 Tab channel 73 Tab absolute 69 157 relative 69 157 Tabs horizontal 67 156 157 vertical 70 92 152 Testing printer 17 Thickness adjusting gap 16 TOF key 9 34 Top and bottom margins 92 Tractor feed unit 7 Underlining 28 31 44 53 143 Uni directional print 82 170 Unpacking 1 User defined characters 78 97 Vertical channels 15 Vertical positions commands 145 Vertical tab channels 73 Vertical tabs 70 92 152 70 152 Word processing 22 WordStar 22 30 XON XOFF protocol 194 Zero normal 80 167 slash 80 167 Star Micronics Co Ltd invites your suggestions and com ments on your printer and this manual Please address your cor respondence to Worldwide Headquarters STAR MICRONICS CO LTD 194 Nakayoshida
17. ACK protocol Index 196 1 SETTING UP YOUR PRINTER Subjects covered in Chapter 1 include Choosing a suitable place for your printer Unpacking e Setting up LOCATING THE PRINTER Give some thought to the best place to put the printer Both the printer and computer should be used in normal office sur roundings For best performance we recommend Use the printer on a flat surface Keep it out of direct sunlight and away from heat producing appliances e Use it only in temperatures where you are comfortable Avoid locations with dust grease or high humidity e Supply it clean electricity Don t connect it to the same circuit used by large noise producing appliances such as refrigerators Make sure the line voltage is within 10 of the voltage specified on the identification plate CHECK THE CARTON CONTENTS Open the carton and check each item in the box against Figure 1 1 to make sure that you have everything there should be four items 2 09 n e eon ite TA Figure 1 1 Check to make sure you have all four items 1 printer 2 paper guide 3 ribbon cartridge and 4 user s manual You should also have a parallel interface board to connect your computer to the printer Also available are a parallel inter face board with extra buffer memory and a serial interface board both optional More on interfaces later
18. CONFIGURING THE SERIAL INTERFACE The DIP switch on the serial interface board controls the con figuration of the serial interface Table G 2 describes the func tions of the individual switches in DIP switch 192 Table G 1 Serial interface piri functions Printer s chassis ground This pin carries data from the printer IN This pin carries data to the printer 4 OUT This is ON when the printer is ready to receive data This pin is ON when the computer is ready to send data This pin is ON when the computer is ready to send data This printer does not Signal ground DCD IN This pin is ON when the computer is ready to send data This printer does not check this pin TTY TXDR This pin is the return path for data transmitted from the printer on the 20mA current loop TTY TXD OUT 11 OUT This pin carries data from the printer on the 20mA current loop This is the signal line for the serial busy protocols This pin goes OFF when printer s buffer fills and ON when the printer is ready to receive data In the busy protocols this line carries the same signal as pin 20 0 0 TTY TXDR This pin is the return path for data transmitted from the printer on the 20mA current loop TTY RXDR This pin is the return path for data transmitted to the printer on the 20mA current loop This pin carrie
19. Control code HR 7 ESC HR 19 HR 17 ESC 8 ESC 9 8 HR 127 24 lt rint slash zero ae ba y aAlalaiclalclatalaiciale UD e NZ 1 2 Print normal zero ESC 0 ESC i 1 mmediate print off ESC i 0 Add n dot spaces between characters CHR 32 CHR x Backspace delete and cancel text Backspace CHR 8 backs up the print head so that you can print two characters right on top of each other Each time your printer receives a backspace it moves the print head one character to the left instead of to the right You can strike over multiple letters by sending more than one backspace code Delete CHR 127 also backs up one character but then it the previous character it s erased from your printer s buffer not from the paper Cancel text CHR 24 deletes all the text in the print buffer that is in the line before the delete text command Since your printer prints one line of text at a time only that line will be deleted The following program shows how these codes works 10 LPRINT BACKSPACE DOES NOT 20 LPRINT CHR 8 CHR 8 CHRS 8 30 LPRINT WORK 40 LPRINT DELETE DOES NOT 50 LPRINT CHR 127 CHR 127 CHRS 127 60 LPRINT WORK 70 LPRINT CANCEL LINE 80 80 LPRINT CHRS 24 90 LPRINT DOES NOT WORK Here is what this program wil
20. LPRINT CHRS 61 NEXT I LPRINT LPRINT CHEMICALS CHRS 9 FOR 1 4 TO 8 7 STEP 4 LPRINT CHRS 60 NEXT I LPRINT LPRINT GUNS CHRS 9 FOR 1 4 TO 1 4 STEP 4 LPRINT CHRS 62 NEXT 1 LPRINT LPRINT CHRS 9 4 SCALES FOR 1 2 TO 8 STEP 2 LPRINT SCALES NEXT I LPRINT 4 LPRINT CHRS 9 FOR I 2 TO 8 STEP 2 LPRINT I NEXT I 16 104 430 LPRINT CHRS 27 20 440 LPRINT CHRS 27 S0 450 LPRINT CHRS 9 MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 460 LPRINT CHRS 27 T 470 END eo pr o gr qe jen mp m b jh I Ul m ALTOS M IOOLSGS LINES emm Rm pr E 4 6 B IE badaa E CIPS IDL 3 DEFINING PROPORTIONAL CHARACTERS Defining proportional characters uses the same process as above except that we add additional information Being able to specify the width of the character allows you to specify the precise area inside the grid that the character will occupy so that narrow characters will look attractive next to wide ones The additional information is carried in the attribute byte m0 The first bit carries the descender data the next three bits specify the starting column acceptable values are 0 to 7 and the last four bits specify the last print column including space when desired Acceptable values are from 4 and 11 The minimum character width is five dots anywhere within the range DESIGNING
21. REMARKS SEE Sets the printer to expanded print for the remainder of the current line ESC SO 27 14 1B Same SO above Chapter 4 Cancels one line expanded print DC4 20 14 This command cancels one line exanded print set with SO or ESC SO Chapter 4 Special print modes PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Sets the master print mode ESC E d n 27 33 n 1B 21 n This is a powerful command that allows the user to set several printing characteristics at one time print pitch condensed print expanded print boldface italics underlining or any com bination of these as determined by a number from 0 to 255 See Table 4 10 for details Chapter 4 142 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Selects emphasized printing ESC 27 69 1 45 This command causes characters to be printed in emphasized until cancelled Chapter 4 Cancels emphasized printing ESC p 27 70 1 46 This command cancels emphasized printing and returns the printer to nor mal printing Chapter 4 Selects boldface printing ESC 27 71 1B 47 This command causes characters to be printed in bo
22. WOW 120 78 0111 1000 x X XN KON 128 Decimal 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143 144 145 146 147 148 149 150 151 152 153 154 155 156 157 158 159 160 161 162 163 164 Standard ASCII Codes Hexadecimal 79 7B 7C 7D 7E 7F 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 8A 8B 8C 8D 8E 8F 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 9A 9B 9C 9D 9E 9F A0 A1 A2 A3 A4 Binary 0111 0111 0111 0111 0111 0111 0111 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001 1001 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 Iw ANK mM Cr Ov r g Character set 1 DEL BEL BS HT LF VT FF CR 0 SI DC1 DC2 DC3 DC4 CAN EM ESC iw ANK MRO 0 B 09 RU MK HO COS 5 Fh pe DR 0 40 Set2 Decimal 165 166 167 168 169 170 171 172 173 174 175 176 177 178 179 180 181 182 183 184 185 186 187 188 189 190 191 192 193 194
23. amp CHR 0 101 159 lt ESC gt x n 109 163 lt ESC gt 93 165 lt ESC gt 0 44 143 lt ESC gt 1 44 143 ESC 73 152 lt ESC gt 0 59 146 lt ESC gt 1 59 146 lt ESC gt 2 58 148 CESC 3 n 58 146 LESC 4 43 133 lt ESC gt 5 43 134 lt ESC gt 6 84 88 135 172 lt ESC gt 7 84 88 135 173 lt ESC gt 8 170 lt ESC gt 9 170 lt ESC gt 102 160 ESO lt 82 171 ESCO 84 166 lt ESC gt gt 84 166 lt ESC gt 111 164 lt ESC gt 23 78 175 lt ESC gt A n 58 147 197 lt ESC gt a n 75 158 lt ESC gt 71 152 lt ESC gt b 73 153 lt ESC gt 62 150 lt ESC gt CHR 14 47 lt ESC gt CHR 15 49 lt ESC gt CHR 32 158 lt ESC gt D 68 156 lt ESC gt 51 142 lt ESC gt 0 156 lt ESC gt el 153 lt ESC gt lt EM gt 0 92 176 lt ESC gt lt EM gt 1 92 176 lt ESC gt lt EM gt 4 92 175 lt ESC gt lt EM gt 92 177 lt ESC gt 51 142 lt ESC gt f0 158 lt ESC gt f1 149 lt ESC gt FF 61 150 lt ESC gt 51 142 lt ESC gt 51 142 lt ESC gt h n 90 172 lt ESC gt I n 89 173 lt ESC gt i 81 174 CESC J n 59 148 lt ESC gt j n 59 148 lt ESC gt
24. example you should be able to apply most of the function codes to the setup used here Redefining your own print pitches If you want to define a new print pitch Edit Pitch Table enter your function code to choose the print you want For example if you find yourself frequently using italic print for large blocks of text in pica pitch you can combine italic and pica pitch to define italic pica and use it in the ruler line of your document The ASCII code sequence would be 27 80 27 52 to print italic pica pitch Redefining your own print control keys The ASCII codes to redefine the print control keys Edit Font Sequences are pretty straightforward There are individual ASCII decimal values to turn on and off different prints You want to affect that aspect but not the print pitch itself Leave that for your document ruler line Remember ali the codes can be found in Appendix C of this manual Also keep in mind that print control keys can be combined in your document such as boldface and underline EasyWriter II uses three methods of highlighting on the display screen It highlight underlines and shows reverse image characters You cannot combine print control functions that use the same method of highlighting For example in our definitions underline and expanded prints are both displayed as underlined on the screen Whichever function you use last will cancel out any previous modes USING THE PRINTER WITH WORDSTAR No
25. ml mll m12 m46 Defines download characters into ESC n0 n1 n2 m1 m2 Selects graphics modes ESC CHR 1 Executes macro instruction ESC CHR 30 Defines macro instruction ESC 0 Cancels underlining ESC 1 Selects underlining ESC P nO Selects vertical channels ESC 0 Sets line spacing to 1 8 inch ESC 1 Sets line spacing to 7 72 inch ESC 2 Sets line spacing to 1 6 inch or Uses ESC A definition ESC 3 n Sets line spacing to 2 216 inch ESC 4 Selects italic characters ESC 5 Cancels italic characters ESC 6 Expands the printable area or Selects character set 2 ESC 7 Cancels the expansion of printable area or Selects character set 1 ESC 8 Disables paper out detector ESC 9 Enables paper out detector ESC CHR 0 CHR 0 CHR 0 Copies standard ROM font into RAM ESC lt Selects one line uni directional print ing ESC Sets the value of the eighth data bit to logical 0 181 ESC ESC n0 nl ESC _ ESC n Sets the value of the eighth data bit to logical 1 Redefines the graphics mode Resets the printer Sets or defines line spacing to n 72 inch ESC n1 n2 n3 CHR 0 ESC CHR 0 ESC n ESC D n1 n2 n3 ESC ESC E
26. or by using the F3 key to point to a range name After you have specified a range to print and changing any of the other options that you wish start printing the spreadsheet by selecting the Go option Lotus 1 2 3 will split the spreadsheet into sections to fit onto pages if it won t all fit on one page Let s look at some of the other options on the Print menu and see how they add to the flexibility of printing spreadsheets The Line option advances the paper one line Use this to put space between different sections of your spreadsheets when you print them The Page option advances the paper to the top of a new page Use this option to start on a new page Selecting the Align option tells Lotus 1 2 3 that you have mov ed the paper to the top of a new page Use this option after using the Paper Feed key to move the paper or after inserting a new single sheet of paper The Clear option allows you to clear any or all of the other op tions that you have selected The Qwit option ends the Print command and returns you to Ready Mode Selecting Options from the Print menu presents you with some additional page format selections You can add Headers or Footers to each page of your output header is a line that prints at the top of each page while a footer is a line that prints at the bottom of each page Lotus 1 2 3 has three characters that perform special func tions when they are included in a header or a footer You can in clud
27. 195 196 197 198 199 200 201 202 Standard ASCII Codes Hexadecimal A5 A6 7 A8 A9 AA AB AC AD AE AF 2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 BA BB BC BD BE BF 1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 CA Binary 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1010 1011 1011 1011 1011 1011 1011 1011 1011 1011 1011 1011 1011 1011 1011 1011 1011 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 KK I 0610 2 Ea Rot bod Bor ea Lon Fs EP ra Q Character set Setl iF m L9 5 ee V Ace T 000 m Fx Set2 Dn a 9 129 1 l i 130 Decimal 203 204 205 206 207 208 209 210 211 212 213 214 215 216 217 218 219 220 221 222 223 224 225 237 238 239 240 241 Standard ASCII Codes Binary Hexadecimal CB CD CE CF DO D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 DA DB DC DD DE DF E0 El E2 E3 E4 E5 E6 E7 E8 E9 EA EB EC ED EE EF F0 F1 1100 1100 1100 1100 1100 1101 1101 1101 1101 1101 1101 1101 1101 1101 1101 1101 1101 1101 1101 1101
28. 7 30 END RUN 40 That s the printer s bell we call it that even though it sounds like a buzzer We ll learn more about it in later we just wanted to show you a control code that would get your attention right away There are four common ways of referring to a control code the rame of the code or its abbreviation the decimal ASCII value the hexadecimal ASCII value and the CTRL value For example the ASCII code that causes the printer to advance the paper one line is decimal 10 This code may be referred to by any of the following line feed the name of the code LF its abbreviation ASCII 10 its decimal value ASCII amp HOA its hexadecimal value the amp H signifies hex CHR 10 the way it s used in BASIC CTRL J the way you send it from a keyboard Of course most of the time we don t need to bother with these The computer is smart enough to know that when we press the A key we want to print the letter it takes care of all the intermediate steps Appendix B is a table that shows the various names for each code so you can convert back and forth The microcomputer world is not very consistent in describing ASCII codes so it s important that you have a basic knowledge of them The escape codes Back when the ASCII system was set up computer equip ment was relatively simple and thirty three control codes were considered sufficient at the time The American S
29. 70 00 This command cancels proportional printing and returns to fixed pitch printing This command is ignored when the Print Pitch Panel mode is selected at power on NOTE The character 0 decimal code 48 hexadecimal code 30 can be used instead of ASCII 0 Chapter 4 140 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCID REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCID REMARKS SEE Sets the printer to expanded print ESC Ww 1 27 87 1 1B 57 01 This command causes characters to be printed twice as wide as normal half the current pitch until expanded printing is cancelled NOTE The character 1 decimal code 49 hexadecimal code 31 can be used instead of ASCII 1 Chapter 4 Cancels expanded print ESC W 0 27 87 0 1B 57 00 This command resets the character pitch to what it was before expanded printing was set NOTE The character 0 decimal code 48 hexadecimal code 30 can be used instead of ASCII 0 Chapter 4 Sets the printer to expanded print for the remainder of the current line SO 14 0E This command causes characters to be printed twice as wide as normally until a carriage return is sent It can also be cancelled with DC4 Chapter 4 141 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCIT hex ASCII
30. 86 96 Ab B6 F 07 17 27 37 47 57 67 77 87 97 B7 C7 D7 E7 F7 08 18 28 48 58 68 78 88 98 B8 ca pa F8 09 19 29 39 49 59 59 79 89 99 ag B Cc D9 E9 F9 1A 2A 4A SA 6A 7A 8a 9 AA BA CA DA EA FA 2B 3B 4B 5 6B 7B 8B 9B AB BB CB DB oc 1c 3c 4C 5 ec 7C ec 9 BC cc DC EC oD 10 2D 3D 4D 50 4D 7D 8D 9D AD BD CD DD ED FD 1 2 4 SE 6 7E 9t DE FE 1 2 4 oF 7 9F DF EF FF sho k 0123454789i lt ABCDEFGHI JKLMNO FORSTUVMXYZEN1 7 _ abcdefghiiklimno 1Y parstuvwuxyztiiz Most BASICs however are not quite that straight forward For example the IBM PC prints the following OF 20 30 40 So 60 70 go 90 Ag BO co Do Eo 01 10 21 51 41 51 61 71 81 91 Al B1 ci E1 F1 o2 11 22 32 42 52 62 72 82 Az B2 c2 D2 F2 05 14 25 38 SS 65 75 89 95 AS BS cs 05 ES FS 06 15 26 36 46 56 66 76 86 96 6 BA 06 F6 07 16 27 37 47 57 77 87 97 A7 57 c7 D7 7 F7 09 29 39 49 59 49 79 89 99 ag B9 Do E9 F9 1B 28 3B 4B SB 4B 75 8B 9B CB DB EB DA 1 2 4 SE 6E 7E
31. CHR 24 CHR 27 CHR 127 ESC CHR 10 ESC CHR 12 ESC CHR 14 ESC CHR 15 Function Sounds the printer bell Moves the print head back one print position backspace Moves the print head to the next horizontal tab position Advances the paper one line line feed Advances paper to the next vertical tab position Advances the paper to the top of the next page form feed Returns print head to the left margin carriage return Sets the printer to expanded print for the remainder of the current line Sets the printer to condensed print Sets printer on line Cancels condensed print Sets printer off line Cancels one line expanded print Cancels a line Escape indicated as ESC below Deletes the last character sent Reverses the paper one line Reverses the paper to the top of the current page Sets the printer to expanded print for the remainder of the current line Sets the printer to condensed print ESC CHR 25 CHR 0 Cancels auto feed mode 180 ESC CHR 25 CHR 4 Selects auto feed mode ESC CHR 25 R Ejects paper ESC CHR 32 n Adds n dot spaces between characters ESC P n Sets the master print mode ESC Accepts the value of the eighth data bit as is ESC n1 n2 Moves the print head to an absolute horizontal position ESC 0 Cancels download character set ESC 9 1 Selects download character set ESC amp CHR 0 n1 n2
32. Chapter 6 Sets the print position to n characters ESC P 0 n 27 102 0 n 1B 66 00 m This command sets the next print posi tion to 4 columns from the left margin The value of must be between 0 and 127 NOTE The character 0 decimal code 48 hexadecimal code 30 can be used instead of ASCII 0 Chapter 5 Sets alignment or centering ESC n 27 97 n 1B 61 n This command causes the printer to for mat text as follows n Text formatting 0 Left justified ragged right margin 1 Centered 2 Right justified Chapter 5 159 DOWNLOAD CHARACTER COMMANDS PURPOSE Defines download characters into RAM CODE ESC amp 0 ml1m2 ml m12 m46 decimal ASCII 27 38 0 nl n2m0m1 mI11 m12 m46 hex ASCII 1B 26 00 ni 2 1 11 m12 m46 REMARKS This command is used to define one or more user defined characters and to store them into RAM for later use RAM is cleared when the power is turned off The values of n and n2 specify the range of positions in RAM that the characters are to occupy Valid character positions are any number between 0 and 255 except the area of block graphics in the IBM mode Following n2 the printer expects character data bytes for each character to be defined The first byte m0 is the attribute byte for it specifies whether the character is a descender if the first bit is 0 and the proportional width of the dra
33. Fiset i Spas ea eee ee aad STROBE OG BUSY T More than 0 5 Figure F 1 The interface timing diagram Signal Name _ Circuit Example 74LS Compatible DATA 1 DATA 8 4 7kQ To Printer d REN 74LS Compatible 4 7kQ STROBE 1000 470pF 741 3 Compatible BUSY 4 7 0 From Printer 4 Figure F 2 Typical interface circuit When the printer has successfully received the byte of data from the computer it sets pin 10 low for approximately 2 75 microseconds 15 microseconds when using the optional buffer board This signal acknowledges the receipt of the data and so is called the ACK for acknowledge signal Pin 11 reports when the printer is not able to receive data The signal is called BUSY When this signal is high the printer cannot receive data This signal will be high during data transfer when the printer is off line and when an error condi tion exists 189 The printer will report that it has run out of paper by making the PAPER OUT signal on pin 12 high This pin can be held low by turning DIP switch 1 5 off When the printer is in the on line state pin 13 is held high This signal SELECTED tells the Pin No Signal Name STROBE computer that the printer is ready to receive data Table F 1 Parallel interface pin functions Direction Function Sign
34. ITOLIC characters this Id in PORON che As you can see this time the printer ignored the control codes to set or cancel italic characters Underlining Not only can your printer print all styles of printing in both roman and italic but it can underline them too The control codes are shown in Table 4 3 Table 4 3 Underline commands Underline ON ESC 1 Underline OFF ESC 0 It s that simple Let s try it with this program 10 Demo of underlining 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 1 30 LPRINT This phrase is UNDERLINED 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 0 50 LPRINT this is not It should come out like this j this is not 45 In this program underline is turned on in line 20 with ESC 1 and then off in line 40 with ESC 0 There s a new aspect to this program though The semicolons at the end of the first three lines told BASIC that those lines were to be con tinued Therefore BASIC didn t send a carriage return and line feed at the end of those lines We just did this to illustrate that all these control codes can be used in the middle of a line It s easy to underline or italicize only part of a line BB Superscripts and subscripts Your printer can print in two different heights of characters The smaller characters are called superscripts and subscripts and are half the height of normal characters Superscripts print even
35. It s a long story that goes back to the early days of computers when teletype machines were used for computer terminals These mechanical marvels were equipped with a bell that could be heard for blocks This bell was used to signal the operator that something needed atten tion The code that the computer sent to the teletype machine to ring the bell was reasonably enough called a bell code The name bell code is still with us even if the bell has changed to a beeper and a lot of people still call the beeper a bell even if it doesn t sound like one The code to sound the bell is CHR 7 which is ASCII code 7 or BEL Any time your printer receives this code it will sound the bell for a quarter of a second This can be used to re 78 mind the operator to change the paper or to make other ad justments to the printer You can try this by typing LPRINT CHRS 7 Resetting the printer Up to now when we wanted to reset the printer to the power on condition we have had to either turn the printer off and on again or to send the specific codes that reset the particular features There is an easier way The control code ESC will reset all of the printer s features to the power on condition as determined by the DIP switches with two exceptions The exceptions are that ESC will not erase any characters that you have stored in the printers RAM memory Chapter 7 tells you how to create your own characters
36. Ma Mu My Ma Ma Ma Ma 8 p Ads e Figure 7 7 Add the values of the dots in the boxes first and then add the values on the lines The defining process is the same as for draft characters X cept that you must select NLQ characters by using ESC x first to select the NLQ mode and you must define 46 data i to m46 If you wish to print your NLQ characters with the standard character set the remarks regarding the simultaneous use of standard and download characters in the draft character section apply equally to NLQ characters 107 demonstrate how to use the NLQ download characters try this program 10 LPRINT CHRS 27 x1 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 CHRS 0 CHRS 0 CHRS 0 30 LPRINT CHRS 27 amp CHRS 0 CHRS 60 CHRS 62 40 FOR 60 TO 62 50 FOR 0 TO 46 60 READ MM 70 LPRINT CHRS MM 80 NEXT M 90 NEXT N 100 LPRINT 110 DATA 128 0 0 2 4 1 8 1 240 1 0 1 120 DATA 0 1 0 1 240 1 8 1 4 2 0 0 130 DATA 0 0 4 2 8 D 16 224 0 0 0 0 140 DATA 0 O 0 224 16 0 8 2 4 0 0 150 DATA 128 14 16 38 1 70 1 70 0 126 0 0 160 70 0 38 0 22 9 6 9 6 8 6 0 170 DATA 28 32 14 64 14 0 14 0 124 0 0 12 180 DATA 64 12 32 14 16 14 0 14 0 12 0 190 DATA 128 0 24 7 56 1 56 7 8 2 8 6 200 DATA B 2 4 8 0 8 32 8 0 24 0 2
37. On Line indicator is off PITCH INDICATORS Shows the character pitch current ly set Proportional PROP Pica 136 characters line Elite 163 characters line or Pica condensed 233 characters line PRINT PITCH KEY Selects one of the four available character pitches when the On Line indicator is off TOF KEY Ejects the current sheet feeds a new sheet and moves the print head to the left margin when the On Line in dicator is off PAPER FEED KEY Advances the paper one line at a time when the On Line indicator is off If you hold the key down you get consecutive line feeds ON LINE KEY and INDICATOR Glows green when the printer is ready to receive data from your computer on line When the printer is off line it sends a signal to the computer in dicating that it cannot accept data Pressing the On Line key switches the printer between on line and off line When you turn the power switch on the printer is placed on line automatically 10 B Extra functions There are eleven more functions that are not directly specified on the control panel You can access six of them by pressing one particular key when you turn on the power five others are activated by pressing two control keys at once For details please refer to the end of next chapter Other controls There are other controls not connected to the control panel Some of the more important ones are POWER SWITCH The switch that turns the
38. Shizuoka JAPAN 422 91 Attn Product Manager American Market STAR MICRONICS AMERICA INC Pan Am Bldg Suite 3510 200 Park Avenue New York NY 10166 Attn Product Manager European Market STAR MICRONICS DEUTSCHLAND GMBH Mergenthalerallee 1 3 D 6236 Eschborn Ts WEST GERMANY Attn Product Manager U K Market STAR MICRONICS U K LTD Craven House 4th Floor 40 Uxbridge Road Ealing W 52BS London ENGLAND Attn Product Manager Market STAR MICRONICS S E A LTD Room 2409 10 Sincere Building 173 Des Voeux Road Central HONG KONG Attn Product Manager PRINTED IN JAPAN
39. The printer will use the value of the eighth data bit that is sent from the computer This code allows users with a 7 bit interface to resume normal functions after accessing those characters whose ASCII code is greater than 127 Chapter 6 Prints slash zero ESC UD 1 27 126 1 1B 7E 01 This command causes to print the zero character with a slash NOTE The character 1 decimal code 49 hexadecimal code 31 can be used instead of ASCII 1 Chapter 6 Prints normal zero ESC 0 27 126 0 1B 7E 00 This command cancels printing the slash zero and returns printing to the normal zero character NOTE The character 0 decimal code 48 hexadecimal code 30 can be used instead of ASCII 0 Chapter 6 168 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCID hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCID REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Moves the print head back one print position backspace BS 8 08 This command shifts the print head one column to the left If the print head is at the left margin the command is ignored This command can be used to overstrike or combine characters Chapter 6 Deletes the last character sent DEL 127 7F This command deletes the last character received This command is ignored if the last character received has already been printed or if the last character received was
40. a page with Lotus 1 2 3 per line 018 027P 018 027M Condensed Elite Expndedon Mowo Expanded off 02700 O W 7w00 NLQ of 02700 Qo lProprtiondlon O 02701 Proportional off w027p 000 USING THE PANEL MODES At the end of this chapter we ll explain about the Panel mode which is powerful function of the printer Some commer cial software does not support defining to define your own selec tions In this case use the Panel modes 34 Selection of any of the Panel Modes at power on ensures that your choices remain in effect until you turn the power off This means that the printer will ignore any codes sent by the soft ware that you are using The Panel Modes allow selection of the following printing attributes Key Type of Panel mode Mode Print quality draft or NLQ Print pitch Print pitch TOF Italic printing PAPER Mili Print quality amp Print Italic panel mode pitch panel mode DRAFT PROP e Im PRINT PITCH 233 Ty NLQ 1 Print quality panel mode Print pitch panel mode _ o ee eet Figure 3 1 The Panel Modes hold down keys while turning power on If you want to set only one attribute for example the Print Pitch Panel Mode press the PRINT PITCH key on the control panel when you turn
41. and it won t erase a macro if you have one stored in the printer s RAM this chapter will tell you how to create a macro In addition if you set the Panel modes by the control panel settings at power on these functions will remain with this con trol code Taking the printer off line You know how to put your printer off line with the On Line key on the control panel The printer has another off line state that can be controlled from the computer When you turn the printer off line from the computer the printer will ignore anything that you send it except for the code to go on line again CHR 19 is the code to turn the printer off line CHR 17 turns the printer back to on line status Printing the bottom of the sheet Sometimes when you are using individual sheets of paper you may want to print near the bottom of a sheet The paper out detector usually stops the printer when you are about 1 inch from the bottom of the sheet This is notify you if you are run ning out of continuous paper Your printer has the ability to print right to the bottom of the sheet You can disable the paper out detector so that it doesn t stop the printer This will allow you to print to the end of the sheet and even beyond if you are not careful The codes to con 79 trol the paper out detector along with the other codes that we have just looked at are in the following table Table 6 1 Some miscellaneous commands
42. dots wide Use the grid in Figure 7 6 to help plot the data Due to the two pass process NLQ characters can contain up to 16 dots ver tically m1 to m23 are the data for the first pass and m24 to m46 are the data for the second pass ASCII Code Descender Left space Right space Descender 128 Left 16 Right 2nd Mu Mu Ma Mu Me My Ma Mn m My mag Ma May Mes Figure 7 6 Use this grid or one similar to it to define your own NLQ characters 106 make the character data easier to calculate put the first pass dots inside the boxes on the grid when you are designing your characters and the second pass dots on the lines Remember that adjacent dots may not overlap on the same pass in other words if one dot is in a box its adjacent dot on the same pass may not be on a line Therefore to make smooth characters put the dots needed to overlap any spaces in a character in the appropriate places in the second pass grid If we replot our flask for NLQ the grid data will look like Figure 7 7 ASCII Code 6D Descender 1 Left space Right space Descender 128 F Left 16 Right Total 1 m ma me Me Mo Mu Me M Mo P I L od Lou d 3 aw d 204 Me Ma My Mu Ma Ma
43. drawing forms and graphs and special sym bols for mathematical engineering and professional uses The special characters are included in two character sets The character set you normally use with the IBM mode is called character set 1 The special characters are printed out when you send ASCII codes 160 255 to the printer Your printer also offers character set 2 which is almost the same as character set 1 except for the addition of ASCII codes 3 6 21 and 128 159 Character set 2 is selected with ESC 6 to go back to character set 1 use ESC 7 You can also specify the power on default character set by set ting DIP switch 1 7 on for character set 1 and off for character set 2 while the DIP switch 2 5 is set off The following program will print out all of the graphics characters available 10 LPRINT CHRS 27 0 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 6 30 FOR I 3 TO 6 40 LPRINT J CHRS J CHRS 9 50 NEXT J 60 LPRINT 21 CHRS 21 70 LPRINT 80 FOR J 128 TO 254 STEP 5 90 FOR I J TO J 4 95 IF 1 gt 254 THEN 110 100 LPRINT I CHRS I CHRS 9 110 NEXT I 120 LPRINT LPRINT 130 NEXT J 85 Figure 6 1 shows what this program will print If your chart doesn t look like this because it has regular letters and numbers instead of the special symbols then your computer is only using seven bits unless you have set DIP switch 2 5 on by mistake You get the correct printout by changing line 100 to thi
44. hex ASCII Hexadecimal equivalent REMARKS Briefly describes how the command is used SEE Tells where any additional details of the command may be found Several commands require you to specify a value or values In these cases we have used to indicate a variable You should insert the ASCII code for the proper value here COMMANDS TO CONTROL PRINT STYLE These commands are used to control the font style the print pitch and special effects Font style controls PURPOSE Selects italic characters CODE ESC 4 decimal ASCII 27 52 hex ASCII 1B 34 REMARKS This command causes all subsequent characters to be printed in italics until italic printing is cancelled SEE Chapter 4 134 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex REMARKS SEE Cancels italic characters ESC 5 27 53 1 35 This command causes the printer to cancel italic printing and select the standard roman characters This com mand is ignored when the Italic Panel mode is selected at power on Chapter 4 Selects an international character set ESC R n 27 82 n 1B 52 n This command selects the international character set according to the value of n as shown in the table below Character set n Character set 0 U S A 6 Italy 1 France 7 Spain 2 Germany 8 Japan 3 England 9 Norway 4 Denmar
45. line The value of n must be between 2 and 255 You can set the right margin manually on the control panel NOTE Changing the print pitch after the right margin has been set does not change the margin it stays in exactly the same position on the page Chapter 5 156 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCID REMARKS SEE Moves the print head to the next horizontal tab position HT 9 09 This command causes the print head to advance to the next horizontal tab posi tion The horizontal tab positions are set at power on to print positions 8 16 24 etc to the maximum print position Chapter 5 Sets horizontal tab positions ESC nlin2n3 0 27 68 nln2n3 0 1B 44 nln2n3 00 This command cancels all current horizontal tab positions and sets those defined at print positions n1 n2 n3 etc The maximum number of horizontal tab positions allowed is 28 The ASCII 0 character is used as a command ter minator Each horizontal tab position must be specified in ascending order Chapter 5 Sets horizontal tab positions every n characters ESC 0 n 27 101 0 n 1B 65 00 n This command cancels all current horizonal tab positions and sets those every n characters NOTE The character 0 decimal code 48 hexadecimal code 30 can be used
46. print functions for form feed line feed margin settings and automatic justification We do not recommend that you edit any of these codes Press RETURN and the Edit Pitch Table screen will be displayed On this screen you will enter the ASCII decimal values to define the print pitches The first two fields in each line define the pitch range which in this case are both the same number They should be assigned as follows 10 Pica 1 Near Letter Quality On 12 Elite 2 Near Letter Quality Off 17 Condensed Pica 3 Master Reset Code On this screen the column labeled Sequence is used to define the print functions in their ASCII decimal values For these print pitches we will use a combination of codes to turn near letter quality on and off and to choose the function code for each pitch For more details on function codes please refer to Appendix C Follow the sample and enter the italic codes for lines 17 22 27 17 10 10 18 27 80 18 12 12 18 27 77 19 17 17 15 20 1 1 27 120 1 21 2 10 27 120 0 22 3 1 3 27 64 23 120 120 24 120 120 25 120 120 26 120 120 m or oco c m m The codes 120 in lines 23 through 26 can be changed to reflect more pitch settings We recommend that until you are more familiar with using special function codes you use just the six we have defined When you have finished press RETURN You will be transferred to the Edit Lin
47. printer If you can t decide which description best fits this printer we recommend that you narrow the list to two or three choices you can quickly eliminate all the daisy wheel printer types and then experi ment You won t hurt anything if you guess wrong it just won t work correctly This should quickly tell you if your guess is right If all else fails though your printer dealer will be happy to give you some advice Some programs don t ask you what kind of printer you have but instead ask some questions about what your printer can do The answers to the most asked questions are Yes this printer can do a backspace and this printer can do hard ware form feed 22 With these questions answered you are ready to start print ing Read the manual that came with your commercial software and the next Chapter to see how to make it send information for this printer to print This is all you need to know to use this printer as a regular printer But this printer isn t just a regular printer This printer has many capabilities that your commercial software isn t aware of We will see what it takes to use some of the printer s advanced features with commercial software in the next section WORD PROCESSING WITH THE PRINTER Not many word processing programs directly support all of the advanced features of printers They usually provide a method for using a few of the more common print features such as bol
48. see how these commands work with the following pro gram 10 Demo of characters in the control code area 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 I1 30 FOR 1 0 TO 6 40 LPRINT CHRS I 50 NEXT I 60 LPRINT CHRS 16 CHRS 17 70 FOR 1 21 TO 31 80 LPRINT CHRS I 90 NEXT I 100 LPRINT 110 FOR 1 128 TO 134 120 LPRINT CHRS 1 130 NEXT I 140 LPRINT CHRS 144 CHRS 145 150 FOR 1 149 TO 159 160 LPRINT CHRS 1 170 NEXT I 180 LPRINT CHRS 27 IO 190 END When you run this program you should get like this ora pg aocauger 90 Table 6 6 Control code area commands ESC 6 ESC 7 ESC 1 ESC 0 Printing BIG characters You can even enlarge your character sets for attention grab bing headings or special effects There are six commands you can use Everything following any of them will be enlarged as shown below until the cancel code is entered Table 6 7 Big character commands Double high enlarged print ESC h CHR 1 uad high enlarged print ESC h CHR 2 Double high lower half enlarged ESC h CHR 3 ESC h CHR 4 ESC h CHR 5 Quad high upper half enlarged print 10 Demo of BIG characters 20 LPRINT THIS IS 30 LPRINT CHRS 27 h CHRS 1 40 LPRINT DOUBLE 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 h CHRS 0 60 LPRINT SIZED PRINTING 80 LPRINT THIS IS 91
49. so For stubborn dirt you may moisten the cloth with alcohol or water containing a mild detergent but be careful not to spill any liquid into the interior of the printer or onto the print mechanism Use a soft brush to remove paper dust and lint from the interior A small vacuum cleaner can also make this task easier but be very careful not to bend or injure any electronic parts or wiring The printer contains delicate electronic parts so only clean those places where you have easy access REPLACING THE RIBBON This printer uses an endless type ribbon cartridge meaning that the ribbon is recycled automatically In time however when the print becomes to faint to read clearly you will need to change either the whole cartridge or the ribbon inside it 116 Changing the whole cartridge is the simplest method and because you don t need to touch the ribbon itself it is the cleanest way too To remove the old cartridge remove the printer cover grasp the ribbon cartridge with both hands and pull straight up gently until the holder springs release To fit the new cartridge refer to Chapter 1 Installing the ribbon car tridge more economical method is to only replace the ribbon itself First obtain the correct type of replacement sub cassette from your dealer Use the following procedure to change the ribbon 1 Place the cartridge on a flat surface and use a flat bladed screwdriver to unhook the tabs holding the t
50. standard ASCII characters 33 international characters 11 sets 83 IBM special characters 50 IBM block graphics characters 96 italic ASCII characters 33 italic international characters 11 sets 83 italic IBM special characters NLQ characters 96 standard ASCII characters 33 international characters 11 sets 83 IBM special characters 96 italic ASCII characters 33 italic international characters 11 sets 83 italic IBM special characters Other characters 128 downloadable characters Character matrix 18 23 dots NLQ characters 9 11 dots Draft characters 12 x 11 dots IBM block graphics characters 8 X 816 dots Normal density graphics 8 1632 dots Double density graphics 8 3264 dots Quadruple density graphics 184 Line spacing Column width Special features Paper Single sheets Sprocket feed paper Printer Dimensions Weight Power 8 x 1088 dots CRT graphics 8 x 1224 dots CRT type II graphics 8 x 979 dots Plotter graphics 1 6 inch standard 1 8 n 72 or n 216 inch programmable 136 nomal pica 163 normal elite 233 condensed pica 272 condensed elite 68 expanded pica 81 expanded elite 116 expanded condensed pica 136 expanded condensed elite and Proportional spacing Near Letter Quality Automatic single sheet insertion Short form tear off Easy access format switches Self test and hex dump Downloadable characters Ultra hi resolution bit image graphics Vertical and horizontal t
51. the bottom 101 You will see the letters m1 m2 m3 etc are above your values When you define the character you will substitute your value for each of these letters Before you complete the definition you will need to decide ex actly where in the standard ASCII set you want to place your characters After downloading you access your new character by sending the code for the character you replaced For exam ple we decided to assign our flask to the lt character You are not restricted in your choice of ASCII codes so little used codes may be replaced by your own more useful characters The com plete command syntax for a download character is ESC amp CHR 0 n1 n2 m0 m1 m2 m3 m4 m5 m7 m8 m9 mlO mll Where ESC is the escape code CHR 27 the amp is the ampersand CHR 38 followed by CHR 0 and n1 and x2 specify the ASCII codes you want the new characters to occupy l specifies the beginning of the range of ASCII codes to be defined and 2 the end if you only want to define one character n1 and n2 will be the same 710 is called the attribute byte and describes two attributes the top or high order bit describes whether the character is a descender and the last seven bits describe proportional widths Our character will occupy from column 1 to column 11 so the proportional data is 11 See Figure 7 5 For further detail about proportional width of characters see the following sect
52. the printer is possible only when this level is LOW 190 Pins 14 15 34 and 35 are not used while pins 16 17 19 30 and 33 are grounded Pin 18 is connected to the 5VDC supply in the printer EMEN Pin 31 can be used to reset the printer If this signal RESET goes low the printer will reinitialize Pin 32 is used to report error conditions in the printer This signal ERROR is high during normal operation and goes low to report that the printer cannot print due to an error condition APPENDIX G SERIAL INTERFACE SPECIFICATIONS This printer provides a very flexible RS232C serial interface as an option It can communicate at rates from 150 to 19 200 baud bits per second and supports four different kinds of hand shaking This interface can also function as a 20mA current loop interface The operating specifications of the interface are as follows Data transfer rate 150 19200 Word length 1 start bit 7 or 8 data bits Odd even or no parity 1 or 2 stop bits Signal levels Mark or logical 1 3 to 15 volts or current ON Space or logical 0 4 3 to 15 volts or current OFF Handshaking Serial BUSY 1 byte mode Serial BUSY 1 block mode ACK mode XON XOFF mode Note 19200 baud can be used only with an RS232C interface it cannot be used with a 20mA current loop interface The optional board has a DB 25 female connector to connect to a computer The functions of the pins are summarized in Table G 1
53. time line feeds 20 LPRINT LINE NUMBER 1 60 30 LPRINT LINE NUMBER 2 40 One time line feed 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 J CHRS 100 60 LPRINT LINE NUMBER 3 70 LPRINT LINE NUMBER 4 80 END Here is what your printer will produce LINE NUMBER 1 LINES NUMBER 2 LIME MUMBER 4 The ESC J CHR 100 in line 50 changes the spacing to 100 216 inches for one line only without moving the printhead The rest of the lines printed with the normal line spacing Notice that both line 30 and line 50 end with semicolons This prevents the normal line feed from occurring The ESC j CHR m command works the same way ex cept that the paper moves in the opposite direction Try this sim ple change to your program to see the difference 40 One time reverse line feed 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 j CHRS 100 LENE NUMBER X LT NE LONE NUMBER 2 PAGE CONTROL Now that we have seen how to control line spacing we can go on to page control positioning the printing on the page and ad justing the paper length 61 Form feed The simplest forms control code is the form feed Form feed or FF is CHR 12 and causes the printer to move the paper to the top of the next sheet Try it by changing lines 40 and 50 to this 40 form feed 50 LPRINT CHRS 12 Before you run the program turn your printer off and adjust the paper so that the top of the sheet is ev
54. using several printing features Then it calls the macro in line 60 When line 80 prints the style is plain vanilla because the macro has reset it 10 LPRINT CHR 27 Q CHRS 40 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 a CHRS 2 30 LPRINT CHR 27 1 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 h CHRS 1 50 LPRINT TESTING ABCD 60 LPRINT 27 1 70 LPRINT TESTING ABCD 80 END TESTING ABCD Reading a hex dump The BASIC in some computers changes ASCII codes before they send them to the printer If you run into problem because of this try this hex dump to check the ASCII codes First turn off the printer Hold down both the Paper Feed key and Mode key and turn on the printer and run the following pro gram 10 FOR 1 0 TO 255 20 LPRINT CHRS I 30 NEXT I 40 LPRINT 50 END If your system passes the codes directly to the printer without changing them you will get a printout like this You can print out the last remaining line in the print buffer by putting the printer off line with the On Line key 95 oo 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 ao BO co EO FO oD 01 11 1 31 41 51 61 71 B1 91 1 Bi Ci Di E1 F1 oa 02 12 22 22 42 S2 62 72 82 92 2 B2 cz D2 EZ F2 95 15 23 zZ 55 63 75 85 95 A3 BZ Dz F3 04 14 24 44 54 64 74 84 94 A4 B4 D4 4 F4 95 15 25 45 55 55 75 85 95 aS BS DS ES FS 06 16 26 i6 46 66 76
55. value of n must be bet ween 1 and 127 Chapter 5 Cancels top and bottom margins ESC 27 79 1 4 This command cancels both the top margin and the bottom margin Chapter 5 152 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCIT hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Advances paper to the next ver tical tab position This command causes the paper to be ad vanced to the next vertical tab position or the top of the next page whichever is first If the vertical tab positions are not set this command works as a line feed command Chapter 5 Sets vertical tab positions ESC Al n2 3 0 27 66 nl n2 n3 0 1B 42 nl n2 n3 00 This command cancels all current ver tical tab positions and sets those defined at lines n1 n2 n3 etc The maximum number of vertical tab positions allowed is 16 The ASCII 0 character is used as a command terminator Each vertical tab position must be specified in ascending order Chapter 5 Selects vertical channels ESC ep n0 27 47 1 2 This command selects one of the multi ple vertical channels determined by the value of 20 The value of nO must be be tween 0 and 7 Chapter 5 153 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE
56. you to line 20 whether you start from line 5 or line 19 Vertical tabs are not set at the power on default If you send a CHR 11 which is the ASCII code for VT before we have set up tabs the command advances the paper only one line Enter this program to see how this works 10 Demo of vertical tabs 40 LPRINT CHRS 11 FIRST TAB 71 50 LPRINT CHRS 11 SECOND TAB 60 LPRINT CHRS 11 THIRD TAB 70 LPRINT CHRS 11 FOURTH TAB Now let s set some vertical tabs of our own Add these lines to the program 20 LPRINT CHR 27 B CHRS 10 CHR 15 30 LPRINT CHRS 25 CHRS 30 CHR 0 ESC B is the command to set vertical tabs Like the horizontal tab setting command tab positions must be defined in ascending order Our example sets vertical tabs at lines 10 15 25 and 30 Then the CHR 11 in each of the following lines advances the paper to the next vertical tab The printout is shown below FIRST TAB OND TAB THIRD TAB FOURTH TAB Add one more line to the program to demonstrate one more feature of vertical tabs 72 80 LPRINT CHR 11 FIFTH TAB Now when you run the program the first page looks just like before but line 80 sends one more VT than there are tabs This doesn t confuse the printer it advances the paper to the next tab position which happens to be the first tab position on the next page There s a one time vertical tab command that works just lik
57. 001 I IZ I iol 74 4A 0100 1010 J d d 75 4B 0100 1011 EK EK 76 4C 0100 1100 L LC L LL 127 Standard ASCII Codes Character set Decimal Hexadecimal Binary Set1 Set2 77 4D 0100 1101 M M MN 78 4E 0100 1110 N NN N NN 79 4F 0100 1111 0 6 Oo pg 80 50 0101 0000 P PP P FPP 81 51 0101 0001 Q AR Q AR 82 52 0101 0010 R eR R RR 83 53 0101 0011 S S amp amp 84 54 0101 0100 TO nb uw T T 85 55 0101 0101 U uU U uU Ll 86 56 0101 0110 V V Uu V vU 87 57 0101 0111 W iW oH W WN 88 58 0101 1000 X X X XA 89 59 0101 1001 Y Yy Ye 90 5A 0101 1010 Zo Ww L ZZ 91 5B 0101 1011 E 92 5C 0101 1100 NON M NOM A 93 5D 0101 1101 3 7 BEN 94 5E 0101 1110 E 95 5F 0101 1111 SENE 96 60 0110 0000 reur 97 6l 0110 0001 98 62 0110 0010 b b amp b b amp 99 63 0110 0011 c zx 100 64 0110 0100 d d d g 101 65 0110 0101 e 25 E e E 102 66 0110 0110 f f f f 7 103 67 0110 0111 gg g g g 104 68 0110 1000 h h 5 h 105 69 0110 1001 Y od 3 i T 106 6A 0110 1010 j ids Je P J 107 6B 0110 1011 k k amp k 108 6 0110 1100 l Y l 1 109 6D 0110 1101 m m m m m 7 110 6E 0110 1110 n n n n I 6 0110 1111 o Go 112 70 0111 0000 p pp P PP 113 71 0111 0001 q 4 g q ug 114 72 0111 0010 rower rors 115 73 0111 0011 s 5 116 74 0111 0100 E E 117 75 0111 0101 u 118 76 0111 0110 wv ov 119 77 0111 0111
58. 1 1001 Ctrl Y EM EM 26 1A 0001 1010 Ctrl Z 27 1B 0001 1011 ESC ESC 28 1C 0001 1100 29 1D 0001 1101 30 1E 0001 1110 31 1 0001 1111 32 20 0010 0000 Space Space 126 Standard ASCII Codes Character set Decimal Hexadecimal Binary Set1 Set2 33 21 0010 0001 TAA 34 22 0010 0010 LE d w oce 35 23 0010 0011 H 36 24 0010 0100 f 37 25 0010 0101 96 o 38 26 0010 0110 amp amp amp amp amp amp 39 27 0010 0111 Pe ME US 40 28 0010 1000 Xx 41 29 0010 1001 2 27 9 42 2 0010 1010 43 2B 0010 1011 44 2C 0010 1100 PRE he Bi NE 45 2D 0010 1101 MEME 46 2E 0010 1110 OS 47 2 0010 1111 f 48 30 0011 0000 0 0 2 49 31 0011 0001 1 T jh 50 32 0011 0010 2 2 2 51 33 0011 0011 3 mog 3 52 34 0011 0100 4 amp og 4 53 35 0011 0101 5 5 5 54 36 0011 0110 6 6 amp 6 X 55 37 0011 0111 7 77 2 56 38 0011 1000 8 B 8 8 s 57 39 0011 1001 9 9 9 9 58 3A 0011 1010 i 59 3B 0011 1011 E E ym 60 3C 0011 1100 xXx lt 61 3D 0011 1101 62 0011 1110 gt RO gt 63 0011 1111 gt 77 Qe 79 64 40 0100 0000 65 41 0100 0001 0 8 66 42 0100 0010 B ER B ER 67 43 0100 0011 Co D CoU 68 44 0100 0100 DOR D OP 69 45 0100 0101 E E E EE 70 46 0100 0110 E FF F FF 71 47 0100 0111 G G6 72 48 0100 1000 H H 73 49 0100 1
59. 10 DATA 32 16 14 46 14 48 14 32 0 32 0 40 220 DATA 0 36 0 40 32 0 32 0 48 0 230 LPRINT CHRS 27 11 0 240 LPRINT CHRS 27 h CHRS 1 250 LPRINT U S EXPORTS 260 LPRINT CHRS 27 h CHRS 0 270 LPRINT CHRS 27 21 280 LPRINT AUTOS 9 290 FOR 1 4 TO 9 3 STEP 4 300 LPRINT CHRS 61 108 310 NEXT I 320 LPRINT 330 LPRINT CHEMICALS 9 340 FOR 1 4 TO 8 7 STEP 4 350 LPRINT CHRS 60 360 NEXT I 370 LPRINT 380 LPRINT GUNS CHRS 9 390 FOR 1 4 TO 1 4 STEP 4 400 LPRINT CHR 62 410 NEXT I 420 LPRINT 430 LPRINT CHRS 9 440 SCALESz 4 450 FOR I 2 TO 8 STEP 2 460 LPRINT SCALES 470 NEXT I 480 LPRINT 490 LPRINT CHRS 9 500 FOR 1 2 TO 8 STEP 2 510 LPRINT 1 520 NEXT I 530 LPRINT CHR 27 S0 540 LPRINT CHRS 9 MILLIONS OF DOLLARS 550 LPRINT CHRS 27 T 560 LPRINT CHRS 27 Z0 570 END Uae dua ORIS AUTOS RRBRDARRRRARAPRRARAARRAD CHEMICALS GUNS 2 4 6 8 MILLIONS OF DOLLARS USER DESIGNED DOT GRAPHICS Designing and printing graphics is similar to the procedures for characters except that the printed width can range from one to 3264 dots Selection of the appropriate line spacing will allow rows of dots to link seamlessly and in this way you may design and print a whole p
60. 106 n 1B 6A n This command causes the printer to reverse the paper 7 216 inch It does not change the current value of line spacing and it does not cause a carriage return The value of must be between 0 and 255 Chapter 5 Sets print position lines ESC 1 n 27 102 1 n 1B 66 01 m This command sets the next print posi tion to the nth line from the top of the cur rent page NOTE The character 1 decimal code 49 hecadecimal code 31 can be used instead of ASCII 1 Chapter 5 Form feed and related commands PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCID hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Advances the paper to the top of the next page form feed FF 12 0C The actual length of a page ejected by a form feed is set either by setting of the DIP switch 1 1 or through various codes see below This command works as the paper eject command when the optional automatic sheet feeder is installed Chapter 5 150 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCIT hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Reverses the paper to the top of the current page ESC 27 12 1B 0C This command causes the printer to reverse the paper to the top of the cur rent printing page or form This com mand is ignored when the optional automatic sheet feeder is installed Chapter 5 Sets page leng
61. 1101 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1110 1111 1111 1011 1100 1101 1110 11 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 0000 0001 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 0000 0001 omesesooboceiraoaMinog Na EH OSES aor FS RSE 15 Character set Setl F IRAE HM OMS8EOHOSIT GMA TCR Na N NES OSES Fa HI Set2 iX Decimal 242 243 244 _ 245 246 247 248 249 250 251 252 253 254 255 Standard ASCII Codes Binary Hexadecimal F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 FA FB FC FD FE FF 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 0010 0011 0100 0101 0110 0111 1000 1001 1010 1011 1100 1101 1110 1111 og S De Character set Set1 aged 22 af a x o 22 jz mom A rh Semen KW oq Set2 131 e ILL dde 2 y 2 132 APPENDIX FUNCTION CODES The purpose of this Appendix is to provide a quick reference for the various functions available on this printer Codes are described in the following format PURPOSE Tells what the function code does CODE Control code mnemonic decimal ASCII ASCII decimal equivalent
62. 2C com puter port and the other board contains extra buffer memory for parallel output All three boards are installed the same way To install or change an I F board turn off the power and turn printer around Notice the snap on cover at the left end Take it off by sliding it upwards Fit the I F board into the side slots and slide it all the way down don t force it Make sure that the board connector is seated snugly in its socket Put the cover back on and connect the cable from your computer you re ready to go Interface cover Interface board Figure 1 6 Slide the I F board into the slot 2 GETTING TO KNOW YOUR PRINTER Subjects covered in Chapter 2 include e Parts of the printer what they re for and how to use them Paper selection and loading e Adjustment e Testing printer operation CONTROLS AND PARTS OF THE PRINTER Parts of the printer PRINTER COVER This protects the ribbon and the print head from dust and dirt and cuts down the sound of the printer PAPER GUIDE This flat plastic molding guide has two functions depending on what kind of paper you are using If you are using single sheets the guide is propped up on top of the printer and serves as a guide If you are using sprocket feed paper the guide is reversed and laid flat on top of the printer and serves as a paper separator POWER CORD This cord connects the printer
63. 40 One time tab 68 One time uni directional print 82 171 Packing tube 3 Page length 62 92 122 Panel mode 33 78 italic 34 print pitch 34 print quality 34 136 Paper bail 70 12 Paper empty indicator 9 Paper feed key 9 18 94 Paper feeding 10 13 Paper gap adjusting 16 Paper separator 7 14 Paper thickness adjustment 76 Paper out 122 Paper out detector 78 Parallel interface 797 Pica pitch 26 33 46 137 Pitch 26 46 137 Pitch indicators 9 Platen 7 Platen knob 20 Plotter graphics 770 111 Power cord 7 Power indicator 9 Power switch 70 Print head 7 118 Print pitch 26 Print pitch key 9 34 Print pitch panel mode 34 Print position 149 157 Print quality panel mode 34 736 Print start position 35 Print style commands 133 Printable area 172 Printer cover 2 7 12 Printer initialization 23 26 78 175 Printing download characters 102 106 160 Programs listing 38 Proportional print 33 50 53 139 Protective tube 3 Quadruple density graphics 110 111 162 RAM characters 98 Redefine dot graphics 164 Relative tab 69 157 Release lever 10 11 14 Reset code 23 26 78 175 Reverse form feed 67 150 Reverse line feed 56 145 Reverse micro feed 35 Reverse paper 56 61 145 149 150 Ribbon cartridge 4 115 ROM characters 98 Select printer 169 Self test 17 Serial busy protocol 193 Serial interface 191 Setting margins 63
64. 5 Top and bottom margin commands UD et bottom margin to lines ESC N CHR 1 ESC In both cases the value of tells your printer how many lines to skip although there is a slight difference in the usage When you set the top margin with ESC CHR the value of n tells the printer what line to start printing on When you set the bottom margin with ESC CHR x the value of tells the printer how many blank lines should be left at the bottom of the page Let s try a simple application to see how these margins work Enter this program which will print 150 lines without top and bottom margins Un ESC r Cancel top and bottom margins 10 Demo of top and bottom margins 60 LPRINT CHRS 12 form feed 70 FOR I 1 TO 150 80 LPRINT THIS IS LINE I 90 NEXT I 110 LPRINT CHRS 12 form feed 120 END 64 When you run this program it will print 150 lines right down the page and across the perforations When it s done line 110 sends a form feed to advance to the top of the next page Now add the following lines to your program Don t forget the semicolons or you won t get quite the same results that we did 20 Leave 6 blank lines at the bottom of page 30 LPRINT CHRS 27 N CHRS 6 40 Start top of page at line 6 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 r CHRS 6 100 LPRINT CHRS 27 0 clear top and bottom nargins Now when you run the program your print
65. 6 spaces This line is added 4 spaces This line is added 2 spaces This line is Normal space This command can be used to produce micro justification which is a method of justifying lines by increasing the space be tween each character Uni directional printing Uni directional printing means printing in one direction only Your printer normally prints when the print head is moving in both directions But once in a while you may have an application such as making tables where you are more concerned with how the vertical lines align than with how fast it prints The printer lets you make this choice The table below shows the commands for controlling how the printer prints Table 6 2 Printing direction commands One time print in one direction Try this program to see the difference that printing in one direction makes 10 Demo of uni directional printing 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 1 30 FOR I 1 TO 10 40 LPRINT i 50 NEXT I 60 LPRINT LPRINT 70 LPRINT CHRS 27 U1 80 FOR 1 1 TO 10 90 LPRINT i 100 NEXT I 110 LPRINT CHR 12 CHRS 27 Q 83 Here is what you will get The top line is printed bi directional ly and the bottom is printed uni directionally You will have to look hard because there isn t much difference but the bottom vertical lines are perfectly aligned Let s analyze the program Line 20 defines the line spacing to 7 72 of an inch so that the characters that we print will tou
66. ARKS SEE Sets the printer to condensed print SD 15 OF This command causes printing to be done in condensed pitch with 233 characters per line for pica condensed and 272 characters per line for elite con densed NLQ characters are not printed in condensed pitch You can select the pica condensed pitch with the control panel but you cannot select the elite con densed pitch manually This command is ignored when the Print Pitch Panel mode is selected at power on Chapter 4 Sets the printer to condensed print ESC SD 27 15 1 OF Same as 51 above Chapter 4 Cancels condensed print DC2 18 12 This command cancels condensed print ing and returns the printer to the normal print pitch This command is ignored when the Print Pitch Panel mode is selected at power on Chapter 4 139 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Sets the printer to proportional print ESC 1 27 112 1 1 70 01 This command causes all subsequent characters to be printed with propor tional spacing until proportional printing is cancelled This command is ignored when the Print Pitch Panel mode is selected at power on NOTE The character 1 decimal code 49 hexadecimal code 31 can be used instead of ASCII 1 Chapter 4 Cancels proportional print ESC 0 27 112 0 1
67. IP switch 2 5 is set on Chapter 6 Prints characters in the undefined control code area ESC Spr 1 27 73 1 1 49 01 This command causes the printer to print characters in the undefined control code area NOTE The character 1 decimal code 49 hexadecimal code 31 can be used instead of ASCII 1 Chapter 6 Selects undefined codes as control codes ESC P 0 27 73 0 1 49 00 This command cancels to print the characters in the undefined control codes and restores them as the control codes NOTE The character 0 decimal code 48 hexadecimal code 30 can be used instead of ASCII 0 Chapter 6 174 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Sets immediate print mode ESC 1 27 105 1 1 69 01 This command selects the immediate print mode In the immediate print mode the print head prints one character at a time as you send it The printer also moves the paper up so that you can see the current line and then down to con tinue printing This kind of instant feed back can be especially helpful in telecom munications NOTE The character 1 decimal code 49 hexadecimal code 31 can be used instead of ASCII 1 Chapter 6 Cancels immediate print mode ESC T 0 27 105 0 1B 69 00 This command cancels the immediate print mode and returns the normal print mode NOTE The ch
68. NX 15 USERS MANUAL Federal Communications Commission Radio Frequency Interference tatement This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly that is in strict accordance with the manufacturer s instructions may cause in terference to radio and television reception It has been type tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance with the specifications in Subpart J of Part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential installation However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures Reorient the receiving antenna Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver Move the computer away from the receiver Plug the computer into a different outlet so that computer and receiver are on dif ferent branch circuits If necessary the user should consult the dealer or an experienced radio television techni cian for additional suggestions The user may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful How to Ide
69. S 27 3 CHRS I and run the program again Now the results will look like this 59 vem XU aL 9 INEH NORMAL The program works just the same as before but the line spac ings are just one third what they were This is because ESC 3 CHR 1 sets the line spacing to 2 216 inch Table 5 2 shows all the line spacing commands including several shortcut commands for commonly used line spacings Table 5 2 Line spacing commands Nn et line spacing to 1 8 inch ESC 0 et line spacing to 7 72 inch ESC 1 Set line spacing to 1 6 inch or Use ESC A definition ESC 2 Set or Define line spacing to 7 72 inch ESC A CHR n et line spacing to 2 216 inch ESC 3 CHR n One time line feed of 2 216 inch ESC J CHR One time reverse line feed ESC j CHRS n of 1 216 inch 40 un L Moving down the page without a carriage return So far all the commands that move the paper also move the print head back to the left margin Normally this is what you want Sometimes though you may wish to move down the page without moving the printhead back to the left margin The following commands do just that The ESC J CHR command causes the printer to make one line feed of 1 216 inch but does not change the setting of the line spacing Try this program to see how it works NEW 10 Demo of one
70. SC ESC H ESC 0 ESC I 1 ESC J n ESC n1 n2 m1 m2 ESC L n1 n2 m1 m2 ESC M ESC N n ESC ESC ESC Q n ESC R n ESC S 0 ESC S 1 ESC T ESC U 0 ESC U 1 ESC W 0 ESC W 1 ESC X n1 n2 ESC Y n1 n2 m1 m2 Sets vertical tab positions Sets page length to n inches Sets page length to n lines HR 0 Sets horizontal tab positions Selects emphasized printing Cancels emphasized printing Selects boldface printing Cancels boldface printing Selects undefined codes as control codes Prints characters in the undefined control code area Sends a one time paper feed of 1 216 inch Prints normal density graphics Prints double density graphics Sets the print pitch to elite Sets the bottom margin Cancels the top and bottom margins Sets the print pitch to pica Sets the right margin Selects an international character set Selects superscripts Selects subscripts Cancels a superscript or subscript Cancels uni directional printing Selects uni directional printing Cancels expanded print Sets the printer to expanded print Sets the left and right margins Prints double density graphics at double sneed 182 ESC Z n1 n2 m1 m2 Prints quadruple density graphics ESC N nl n2 Moves the print head to a specified horizontal position
71. YOUR OWN NLO CHARACTERS As you have probably noticed NLQ characters are printed by two passes of the print head Half of the character is printed on the first pass and the remainder on the second pass The paper is rolled up half a dot height in between passes to let the print head print dots on the second pass that overlap the previous dots in order to fill in the spaces and produce denser characters Additionally the print head speed is halved and the dots are printed at double the density of draft characters For this 105 reason NLQ characters can contain up to 23 dots in the horizon tal direction Fundamentally the process to define and print downloaded NLQ characters is the same as for draft characters except that you must supply about four times as much character data and you must design the character with the two passes of the print head in mind There are small differences in the way the at tribute information is processed also In the draft quality mode the attribute byte carries the descender data and specifies the start and end printing col umns In the NLQ mode the first bit also carries the descender data as with the draft characters but the next three bits describe the character s left space and the last four bits describe the right space Appropriate allocation of data in these seven bits lets you place the character where you like within the grid with the restriction that the character must be at least 9
72. abs Skip over perforation 15 5 carriage Automatic sheet feeder option 6 14 5 inches wide 0 07 0 10 mm thickness 4 15 5 inches wide 0 07 0 10 mm one part form thickness Max 0 28 mm 3 part form thickness Hight 105 mm 4 1 inches Width 542 mm 21 3 inches Depth 360 mm 14 1 inches 10 7 Kg 23 6 pounds 120 VAC 10 60Hz 220 VAC 10 50 60Hz 240 VAC 10 50 60Hz 185 Environment Ribbon Print head life Parallel interface Interface Synchronization Handshaking Logic level Connector Temperature 5 to 40 C 40 to 104 F Humidity 10 to 8096 non condensing Black cloth ribbon in special cartridge Ribbon life 3 million draft characters 100 million draft characters Centronic compatible 7 or 8 bit By external supplied Strobe pulses By ACK or BUSY signals TTL 57 30360 Amphenol Serial interface option Interface Bit rate Word length Handshaking Asynchronous RS 232C 20 mA current loop 150 300 600 2400 4800 9600 19200 baud 1 start bit 7 or 8 data bits Odd even or no parity 1 or 2 stop bits Serial BUSY 1 byte mode Serial BUSY 1 block mode ACK mode XON XOFF mode 186 APPENDIX PARALLEL INTERFACE This printer has a parallel interface to communicate with the computer The operating specifications of the parallel interface are as follows Data transfer rate 1 000 to 6 000 characters per second Sy
73. ad into its support while holding the tab back Make sure that the print head is inserted into its guides as far as it can go and that the tab locks the print head into place 120 APPENDIX A SWITCH SETTINGS The DIP Dual In line Package switches control many of the functions of the printer A DIP switch contains a number of small switches and in this printer one DIP switch has 10 in dividual switches and the another has 6 individual switches Both DIP switches are easily accessible from the top of the printer Remove the ribbon cartridge and you will see the two DIP switches underneath a sheet of protective plastic film which you fold back for access DIP switch 1 is the one on the right as you look at the printer from the front The individual switches of DIP switch 1 are named from 1 1 to 1 10 similarly the switches of DIP switch 2 go from 2 1 to 2 6 To change a setting turn the power OFF and use a ball point pen or similar to move any of the small white switches to the front or back of the printer The on position for all switches is towards the back of the printer and off is to the front Figure 1 shows the location of the printer s DIP switches DIP switch 1 DIP switch 2 Figure A 1 The DIP switches are located under the printer cover 122 CAUTION Never change the setting of any of the DIP switches when the power is on The printer only reads the DIP s
74. ad it through its path REPLACING THE PRINT HEAD The dot matrix print head has an extremely long life around 100 000 000 characters or years of normal use However when printing is too light even after replacing the ribbon you ll know that the print head has reached the end of its service life Turn off the power unplug the power cord and use the follow ing procedure to replace the print head Warning The print head becornes hot during operation If you have been using the printer let it stand for a while so that the print head can cool off 1 Remove the printer cover and the ribbon cartridge 2 Remove the print head left along the carriage until you can see the connector cover Remove the cover from the printer frame for details see Figure 8 4 Unplug the print head cable from the head cable board 119 Print head Print head cable Connector cover Connector on the head cable board Figure 8 4 Replacement of the print head 3 Hold back the tab that locks the print head into place and remove the print head 4 Making sure that the new print head is facing the cor rect direction carefully plug the cable into the connec tor on the head cable board Make sure that this con nection is secure and that the cable is inserted far enough into the connector 5 Replace the connector cover and feed the cable under the support tab on the top of the cover 6 Fit the new print he
75. age of data In the dot graphics mode you directly address all dot positions on the page if desired The graphics mode can print as many as 240 dots per inch compared 109 with the standard resolution of 60 dots per inch dpi The command to print normal density 60 dpi horizontally 72 dpi vertically uses this format _ ESC x CHR 0 n1 n2 m1 m2 ESC x specifies the graphics mode the CHR 0 specifies normal density Other densities are described later Any number of graphics data may follow the 17 and n2 specify the number of bytes To figure the value of n1 and n2 you need to work out how wide your image will be Because you are limited to the largest number that can be sent in one byte 255 the formula to work out 41 and n2 is if the number of columns is X then n1 X MOD 256 and 2 INT X 256 Table 7 1 may make the calculation easier Table 7 1 Calculating n1 and n2 umns x ranges from iet ruxeux c 256051 x 25 1 O 512to767 153601791 56 6 204802303 x 248 21 8 amp 8 230402550 9 m1 m2 and so on are specified as before that is any desired combination of pins will be fired by just one number Because the top eight pins are used in the dot graphics mode numbers between 0 and 255 in other words one byte will fire a unique combination of pins to produce any pattern of dots Thus m1 m2 and so on are the data bytes of the co
76. all or part of a function code Chapter 6 Cancels a line CAN 24 18 This command deletes the last line in the print buffer at the time the command is used Chapter 6 169 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCIT hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Sets printer off line DC3 19 13 This command causes the printer to go off line disregarding all subsequent characters and function codes with the exception of DC1 which will return the printer to the on line state This is not the same as pushing the On Line key When the On Line indicator is not lit the printer will not respond to DC1 Chapter 6 Sets printer on line This command resets the printer to the on line state allowing it to receive and process all subsequent characters and function codes This is not the same as pushing the On Line key When the On Line indicator is not lit the printer will not respond to DC1 Chapter 6 Sounds the printer bell BEL 7 07 This command causes the buzzer to sound for about a quarter of a second Chapter 6 170 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Disables paper out detector ESC 27 56 1 38
77. als when data is ready to be read Signal goes from HIGH to LOW for at least 0 5 microseconds when data is available 2 DATAI 3 DATA2 4 DATA3 HN These signals provide the information of 5 DATA4 IN the first to eighth bits of parallel data 4 tT Each signal is at HIGH level for a logical 6 DATAS IN 1 and at a LOW level for a logical 0 7 DATA6 IN B DATA 9 DATAS IN 10 OUT LOW pulse acknowledges receipt of data 11 BUSY OUT When this signal goes LOW the printer is ready to accept data OUT 12 PAPER This signal is normally LOW It will go HIGH if the printer runs out of paper This signal can be held LOW permanent ly by turning DIP switch 1 5 off 13 SELECTED OUT This signal is HIGH when the printer is S zi fo li HER N C Unused SIGNAL Signal ground GND 17 CHASSIS Printer s chassis ground isolated from logic ground External supply of 5VDC GN N OUT Twisted pair return signal ground level 18 1930 GND 31 IRESET 33 EXT GND When this signal goes LOW the printer is reset to its power on condition This signal is normaly HIGH This signal goes LOW to signal that the printer cannot print due to an error condi 34 35 N IC 36 IN zd Data entry to
78. aracter 0 decimal code 48 hexadecimal code 30 can be used instead of ASCII 0 Chapter 6 175 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCIT hex ASCIT REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Resets the printer ESC 27 64 1 40 This command reinitializes the printer The print buffer is cleared and the form length character set bottom margin and international character set are all reset to the values defined by their respective DIP switches The main dif ference between the ESC com mand and turning the printer off and back on again is that download characters and macro instructions are preserved with this command Chapter 6 Selects auto feed mode ESC 4 27 25 4 1B 19 04 This command causes the printer to select the auto sheet feeding mode This command is ignored when the optional automatic sheet feeder is not mounted on the printer Chapter 6 Selects auto feed mode lt e e 4 y 40 40 92 41 41 28 28 34 29 29 Same ESC EM 4 above Chapter 6 176 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCIT hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCID REMARKS SEE Cancels auto feed m
79. aracters and special symbols International character sets Printing characters in the control code area Printing BIG characters The optional sheet feeder The macro control code Reading a hex dump Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Appendix A Appendix B Appendix C Appendix D Appendix E Appendix F Download Characters and Dot 97 Graphics Dot matrix printing Designing your own characters Defining proportional characters Designing your own NLQ characters User designed Dot Graphics Higher resolution graphics More graphics programming tips Redefining alternate graphics codes 9 pin graphics mode Caring for Your Printer 115 Cleaning the printer Replacing the ribbon Replacing the print head DIP Switch Settings 121 Switch functions ASCII Codes and Conversion 125 Chart Function Codes 133 Commands to control print style Font style controls Font pitch controls Special print modes Controlling the vertical print position Line feed and reverse line feed Form feed and related commands Top bottom margins and vertical tabs Controlling the horizontal print position Download character commands Dot graphics commands Macro instruction commands Other commands Command Summary in Numeric 179 Order Technical Specifications 183 The Parallel Interface 187 Functions of the Connector Signals Appendix Serial Interface Specifications 191 Configuring the serial interface The serial protocols Serial busy protocols XON XOFF protocol
80. ard micro feed 5 Reverse micro feed t Top of form set K ORAFT 0 PROP md 36 Lb PRINT PAPER PITCH FEED ON LINE i i x Hold down Right margin set i Press Left margin set Figure 3 2 Youcan set many functions by the combinations of the control panel keys in the Off Line mode E Setting print start position When you want to align the print start position you can set it by the micro feed operation with the control panel instead of turning the platen knob manually 36 Set the Off Line mode by pressing the On Line key While holding down the On Line key press one of the following keys Paper Feed key Forward micro feed TOF key Reverse micro feed When you can set the print start position release the Paper Feed key or the TOF key first then release the On Line key Setting the top of form When you turn on the printer the top of form is automatically set to the current position If you want to change the position you can reset it by the following procedures I 2 Set the Off Line mode by pressing the On Line key While holding the Print Pitch key press the TOF key Your printer acknowledges the new top of form with the sound of beep Setting the left and right margins As you ll learn in Chapter 5 you can set the left and right margins with the c
81. ard print As you can see now the printout only contains NLQ characters This is because we set the printer to the Print Quali ty Panel mode at power on so the printer ignored the control codes to set or cancel NLQ characters This is a very useful way to print NLQ characters if you are using a packaged software which does not support the NLQ character mode Table 4 1 Near letter quality commands Control code Near letter quality ON ESC x 1 Near letter quality OFF ESC x 0 Italic printing Italic letters are letters that are slanted to the right Your printer can print all of its letters in italic as well as the roman standard letters you are accustomed to Italics can be used to give extra emphasis to certain words The commands to turn italic on and off are shown in Table 4 2 Table 4 2 Italic commands Function Control code talic ON ESC 4 talic OFF ESC 5 Use this program to see italic characters 10 Demo of italic and roman 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 4 30 LPRINT This line is in ITALIC characters 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 5 50 LPRINT This line is in ROMAN characters 44 Here is what you should get This iine Fe an This line is in In this program line 20 turns italic on with ESC 4 and line 40 turns italic off with ESC 5 Now set the Italic Panel mode as described in Chapter 3 then run the program again You should get like this in
82. arning The print head gets hot during operation so let it cool off before you touch it 3 Set the release lever to either single sheet or sprocket feed paper 4 With the ribbon facing away from you use the guide holders as a fulcrum and lightly press the cartridge down until the two holder springs snap shut to hold the cartridge firmly in place See Figure 1 4 l Figure 1 4 Press the cartridge into place until the holding spring snap into place 5 Check that the cartridge fits so that the drive pins engage the cartridge teeth by turning the ribbon ad vance knob Advance the ribbon to take up any slack 6 Gently slide the print head carriage manually all the way to your right or left until the ribbon automatically slips down into its proper place between the print head Ribbon guide Print head Ribbon 1 E panne ES NEN TM Pea MES EM J Figure 1 5 To thread the ribbon slide the print head carriage manually to the right or left and the ribbon will slip down by itself into its proper position 7 Replace the printer cover A switch on the printer prevents the printer from operating when the cover is off Installing the interface board A parallel interface board comes standard with your printer In addition there are two optional interface I F boards a serial interface board that lets you connect to a serial RS 23
83. ave you ever looked closely at the printing in books and magazines Doesn t it look nice The main reason is that each character is given an amount of space proportional to its actual width A typewriter and most printers on the other hand give every character the same amount of space no matter how wide it is Pica pitch for example gives w and an i 1 10 of an inch each Looking at these letters you see that a w is two or three times as wide as an i Well you too can enjoy professionallooking proportional printing You can turn proportional printing on and off with the following commands Table 4 8 Proportional commands Proportional ON ESC 1 Proportional OFF ESC 0 Try this program to see how the proportional spacing works 10 Deme of proportional printing 20 LPRINI CHRS 27 M 30 This line is NORMAL ELITE printing 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 pl 50 LPRINT This line is PROPORTIONAL ELITE 60 LPRINT CHRS 27 P 70 LPRINT This line is PROPORTIONAL PICA LPRINT CHRS 27 pO 90 LPRINT This line is NORMAL PICA printing 100 END 51 When you run this program you should get this This line is NORMAL ELITE printing This line is FROFORTIONAL ELITE This line is FROFORTIONAL FICA This line is NORMAL PICA printing Line 20 selects the elite pitch and line 40 turns on the propor tional printing with ESC p 1 Line 50 prints a li
84. be useful DOT MATRIX PRINTING Dot matrix printers are named because each character is form ed from a group of dots The print head comprises nine wires or pins stacked vertically For any standard character up to seven of the pins are used at one time for capital letters the top seven are used for standard height lower case characters the center five pins and for descending characters such as or g the bottom seven pins are used The print head moves across the paper and at any instant prints a vertical series of dots look ing at Figure 7 1 will reveal that the letter p consists of five vertical columns of dots Any pin is fired by only one number and any group of pins is fired by a different number One byte of data a decimal number from 0 to 255 can thus represent a unique combination of dots 98 For example if the data representing 1 was sent to the print head only the bottom pin would fire if 2 was sent only the second pin from the bottom would fire and if 3 was sent the two bottom pins would fire and so on Columns of these dots side by side make all the characters r x O O o 9 o 0000 0000 0000 0000 O o o Figure 7 1 As the print head moves across the page each of the pins prints a row of dots DESIGNING YOUR OWN CHARACTERS Standard characters are permanently stored
85. carefully at your printer s self test you probably noticed that it can print in italics But that s not all Your printer can underline characters print superscripts and subscripts and perhaps most exciting print near letter quality characters Near Letter Quality characters This printer s Near Letter Quality sometimes abbreviated as NLQ character set is ideal for correspondence and other impor tant printing as it produces very high quality characters Nor mally your printer prints draft quality characters This is ade quate for most work and has the fastest printing speed For the final printout try NLQ The program below shows an example 10 Demo of NLQ character set 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 x1 30 LPRINT This line shows NEAR LETTER QUALITY 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 xO 50 LPRINT This line shows standard print In this program line 20 selects NLQ characters with ESC x 1 command Line 30 prints a sample before line 40 switches printer back to draft printing with an ESC x 0 When you run the program you should get this This line shows NEAR LETTER QUALITY This line shows standard print Now turn off the power switch After you turn on the power gt gt switch while holding the Mode key down on the control panel set the NLQ mode with the Mode key while in the Off Line mode Then run the program again You should get like this This line shows NEAR LETTER QUALITY This line shows stand
86. ccess the ESC command there are individual letter escape commands for four of the modes See Table 7 3 111 ESC Z n1 n2 m1 m2 Alternative graphics commands Density Single command Individual command Noraml ml m2 Double ESC CHR 1 21 n2 ESC L n1 n2 ml m2 Double with ESC CHR 2 n1 n2 ESCY Y n1 n2 m2 double speed 271 m2 Quadruple ml m2 CP aed Plotter ESC 5 n1 n2 nome ml m2 BEA ml m2 Table 7 3 NE a 0 11 n2 e Cy k n1 n2 m1 m2 p ESC CHR O nl n2 RT ml m2 MORE GRAPHICS PROGRAMMING TIPS At the end of this chapter we ll discuss two modes that the printer offers to help you solve potential graphics problems A redefining code allows you to change the density for graphics programs that use one of the four alternate codes The 9 pin graphics mode allows you to use all nine pins on each line and thus speed up screen dumps Table 7 4 More graphics commands Redefine the graphics mode ESC n0 n1 9 graphics _ ESC n0 n1 m2 m1 m2 Redefining alternate graphics codes _ Your printer provides a command to redefine one of the alter nate graphics modes K L Y or Z sothat it represents any other of the seven graphics modes The command is ESC nO n1 where n0 is one of the four letters L
87. ch top to bottom Lines 30 50 print 10 vertical line characters Then line 70 sets uni directional printing and the vertical lines are printed again Finally line 110 sends a form feed to advance the paper to the top of a new page and then uses the master reset to restore the printer to the power on condition You can also set the printer to print in one direction for one line only by using the ESC lt command This command im mediately moves the print head to the left margin and then prints the remainder of the line from left to right The seven bit dilemma Some computers not the IBM PC fortunately don t have the capability to send eight bits on their parallel interface but can only send seven bits This would make it impossible for these computers to use this printer s block graphics characters and special symbols if our engineers hadn t thought of a solution All of these characters have ASCII codes greater than 127 which means that the eighth bit must be on to use them The solution lies in the three control codes given in the following table 84 Table 6 3 Eighth bit controls Accept the eighth bit is from ESC the computer Block graphics characters and special symbols Besides the upper and lower case letters and symbols that we are by now familiar with your printer has a whole different set of characters that are for special uses These characters include block graphics for
88. dface and underlining But as you are probably beginning to see from this manual this printer can do much more than that As a result most word processing programs provide a way of sending special codes to a printer The actual codes used as well as the method of entering them will vary different soft ware The theory behind these methods however is basically the same This section discusses two word processing programs and one spreadsheet program most used by printer owners The pro grams also provide a variety of ways to enter the codes necessary to use the advanced features of this printer These concepts can be applied to many other programs besides those detailed here The programs are EasyWriter II WordStar Lotus 1 2 3 If your software program is not included in this Chapter you should still study the different techniques used Then with the help of your program manual and the supporting chapters in this manual you should be able to figure out how yours works GENERAL CONCEPTS Each word processing program has a way to get out of the 23 standard text entry mode in order to accept the special printer function codes WordStar uses the CONTROL key in different ways to define the print function codes EasyWriter has a system function which allows you to define print pitches and special print functions for use with the ALT key Your word processing User Manual if it supports this pro cess will have a section d
89. e ly Getting the most from your print choices After working with the printer for a while you may find that you want to add or change some of the print functions we have described in this chapter We suggest you do three things First you should review Chapter 4 and Appendix C to become as familiar as possible with ASCII codes and the function codes Second read Chapter 4 which describes them in greater detail and shows examples of how they are used in BASIC programm ing The functions will for the most part act the same in your word processing program Understanding what s available and how they perform will help you use them correctly in your documents And third follow the procedures in this chapter and your pro gram User s Manual You may want to experiment with expanded text in combina tion with other print types You can create some great looking results with these functions If you are unsure of any functions review them first then try some of your own samples 25 USING THE PRINTER WITH EASYWRITER II Note If you have not read the General Concepts section in this chapter you should do so before continuing This printer can be used with most of the standard print func tions available with your EasyWriter word processing pro gram These functions require no special adjustments to the printer or your program They include 1 Printing from the Print List Form screen 2 Setting margins tab
90. e the one time horizontal tab command Try this program to see how these commands work 10 Demo of print positions 20 LPRINT Ist Line Ist Column 30 LPRINT CHRS 27 f1 CHRS 3 40 LPRINT 4th Line 151 Column 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 fO CHRS 7 60 LPRINT 5th Line 7th Column 70 LPRINT CHRS 27 f1 CHRS 3 80 LPRINT CHRS 27 f0 CHRS 5 90 LPRINT 8th Line 5th Column 100 END In this program line 30 sends a one time vertical tab with ESC f 1 command Line 50 sends a one time horizontal tab with ESC f 0 command Finally line 70 and line 80 send one time vertical tab and one time horizontal tab so the line 90 prints text at the specified position let Line ist Column X 4th Line let Column Sth Line th Column Line Sth Column 73 Table 5 10 Vertical tab commands CHR 11 ESC CHR 1 CHR n2 Set vertical tabs every lines ESC 1 CHR x ESC f 1 CHR Vertical tab channels Vertical tab channels are especially hefpful in two situations The first occurs when you are writing a program to accompany a preprinted form that can accommodate verious types of responses The second occurs when you create a multipage form or report with different vertical tabs on each page Table 5 11 Vertical tab channel commands You can store up to eight channels of tab stops They are numbered from 0 to 7 If you have alr
91. e Spacing screen Do not change these codes They define how many lines per inch the printer uses Press RETURN to transfer to the Edit Font Support screen Change all of the entry fields to Option 2 Control Code Sup port on the Edit Font Support screen Also make changes in the other fields to look like the figure shown below Enter the italic codes for lines 41 50 41 Bold Shadow Face Support 2 42 Single Underline Support 2 Using Character 95 43 Double Underline Support 2 Using Character O 44 Overstrike Support 2 Using Character from 45 Special Color Support 2 System Parameters 46 Sub Superscript Support 2 47 Will underline retain font Y or be normal font 49 Start double underline 50 After double underline When you have finished press RETURN and the Edit Font Sequences screen will be displayed Here you will define print control codes for use in your documents As with the pitch set tings ASCII decimal values are used that correspond to the 28 print function assigned to each control key Table 3 1 shows the current control function the print function we will assign to it and the keyboard keys used Table 3 1 EasyWriter control keys EasyWriter II Function New function Boldface Boldface ALT amp B Italic Underline ALT amp Double Expanded ALT amp Italic Underline ALT amp Subscript ALT amp D Superscript Superscrip
92. e below You cannot reverse the paper more than one inch when the optional automatic sheet feeder is installed Chapter 5 146 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Sets line spacing to 1 8 inch ESC lt Q 27 48 1B 30 This command sets the actual distance the paper advances or reverses during all subsequent line feeds to1 8 inch Chapter 5 Sets line spacing to 7 72 inch ESC 27 49 1 31 This command sets the actual distance the paper advances or reverses during all subsequent line feeds to 7 72 inch Chapter 5 Sets line spacing to n 216 inch ESC 27 51 n 1B 33 n This command sets the actual distance the paper advances or reverses during all subsequent line feeds to n 216 inch The value of n must be between 1 and 255 Chapter 5 147 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCIT hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Sets or Defines line spacing to n 72 inch ESC n 27 65 n 1B 41 n This command works in two different functions depending on the setting of DIP switch 2 5 When the DIP switch 2 5 is set on this command sets the actual distance the paper advances or reverses during all subsequent line feeds to n 72 inch immediately When the DIP switch 2 5 is set off this command defines the actual di
93. e printer s buffer ap proaches capacity this printer will send a DC3 ASCII 19 on TXD pin 2 to tell the computer that it must stop sending data When the printer is able to receive more data it sends a DC1 ASCII 17 on TXD The computer can then send more data until the printer sends another DC3 ACK protocol In the protocol this printer sends ASCII 6 TXD pin 2 each time that it is prepared to receive a byte of data SPACE Earbest point at which sext character may start Figure G 1 Typical data byte on the serial interface 195 Serial busy protocol 1 byte mode g ILI LIT 1 DTR 1 Pin 11 Buffer fuli or Off line U Serial busy protocol 1 block mode S Tes les Ts DTR Pin 20 RCH Pin 11 Butter fuii or Off Line XON XOFF protocol wo Tos Toa o ss DTR Pin 20 UD os Pin 2 XOFF 0 3 XOFF DC3y XON IDC1 Buffer full or Off line protocol ae x T _ Pin2 Buffer full or Off line Data Byte Figure G 2 Serial protocol timing charts INDEX 9 pin graphics 112 164 Absolute tab 69 157 ACK protocol 794 Adjusting paper gap 16 Adjusting width of space 87 Advance paper 55 145 146 147 148 149 Aligning text 74 158 Alternate graphics c
94. e sequential page numbers on each page by including the character where you want the page number to print For exam ple Page The current date will be printed if you include the character in a header or footer For example As of You can direct sections of headers and footers to the left right or center by using the character Each header or footer is divided into three sections Left center and right The character shows the limits of these sections So to print a header 33 with the date to the left a title in the center and a page number to the right the header might look like this Spreadsheet Title Page And on August 12 1986 the results might look like this 12 Aug 86 Spreadsheet Title Page 1 Another of the selections under Options is Setup This selec tion allows you to create a setup string that will be sent to the printer before each section of the spreadsheet is printed You can include non printing codes in the setup string by using a backslash N followed by a three digit number that consists of the decimal ASCII value for the code that you wish to send with leading zeros if required For example to print a worksheet in condensed print use the setup string 015 This sends ASCII 15 which is the code for condensed printing The following table shows how many character columns will fit with different print ing width and the setup string to get each width Table 3 2 Print columns on
95. e titles Note that you didn t need to put an ESC in front of the CHR 14 although ESC CHR 14 works just the same You can also cancel one line expanded print before a carriage return with CHR 20 as done in line 50 Sometimes you may wish to stay in expanded print for more than one line Change your program to this 10 Demo of permanent expanded mode 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 W1 30 LPRINT Permanent expanded 40 LPRINT mode stays on until 50 LPRINT is 1 60 LPRINT CHRS 27 WO 70 LPRINT turned off 48 Now the results look like this gum per gc cmm cu cc umm cd wa rna do When you turn on expanded print with ESC 1 it stays on until you turn it off with ESC 0 Table 4 6 Expanded print commands CHR 14 or ESC CHR 14 Condensed print Each of the print pitches also can be condensed to its normal width This is called condensed print Try this program to see how it works 10 Demo of condensed print 20 LPRINT Demonstration of 30 LPRINT CHRS 15 40 LPRINT CONDENSED 50 LPRINT 18 60 LPRINT printing Demnonst ation of CONDENSED printing Condensed print set with CHR 15 stays on until you turn it off with CHR 18 Note that you don t need to put an ESC in front of the CHR 15 although ESC CHR 15 works just the same 49 4 7 Condensed print com
96. eady stored a set using ESC command your printer has labelled it as channel 0 Try this program how to see the vertical tab channels work 10 Demo of vertical tab channels 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 b CHRS 1 CHRS 10 CHRS 20 CHRS 0 30 LPRINT CHR 27 b CHRS 2 CHRS 15 CHRS 25 CHRS 0 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 b CHRS 3 CHRS 17 CHRS 28 0 50 lise vertical tab channels 60 FOR 1 1 TO 3 70 LPRINT TOP OF FORM 80 LPRINT CHRS 27 CHRS 1 90 LPRINT CHRS 11 100 LPRINT 1ST TAB OF CHANNEL I 110 LPRINT CHRS 11 120 LPRINT 2ND TAB OF CHANNEL T 74 130 LPRINT CHRS 12 140 NEXT I 150 LPRINT CHRS 27 160 END When you run this program the printout should look like this TOF OF FORM TOF OF FORM TOF OF FORM 1ST TAB OF CHANNEL 1 1ST TAB GF CHANNEL 2 1ST TAB OF CHANNEL 2ND TAB OF CHANNEL 1 2ND TAB OF CHANNEL 2 SND TAR OF CHANNEL Z In this program we set tabs at 10 and 20 in channel 1 in line 20 In line 30 we set tabs 15 and 25 in channel 2 and in line 40 we set tabs 17 and 28 in channel 3 Because the channels are stored you must make the printer to recall one before you use it so we used ESC CHR 0 in line 80 CENTERING AND ALIGNING TEXT Text can be arranged in any of three formats left aligned or left justified normal printing with ragged right margin centered between the margins or right aligned right justif
97. ee that the decimal expression is 27 64 You ll see these numbers several times in this section Technically speaking initializing the printer clears the print buffer and the form length character pitch character set line feed pitch and international character set are all reset to the 24 values defined by their respective DIP switch settings We suggest you get in the habit of using the master reset code in any document where you use function codes if you do not the printer will keep the most recently defined characteristics and print any following documents the same way You could turn your printer off each time which also resets the default settings but that would be hard on the printer cir cuits Also you ll save time and paper by letting the printer automatically reset with this code If you need more informa tion on DIP switch settings for your printer please refer to Appendix A Using Near Letter Quality NLQ With near letter quality the printer prints more dots for each character than with the draft printing This process results in a higher quality look to your text Draft quality characters print much faster so use them for your first drafts and use near letter quality for a professional looking finished manuscript The escape code sequence to turn the NLQ set on is ESC x 1 and the code sequence to select draft quality is ESC 0 The decimal equivalents are 27 120 1 and 27 120 0 respectiv
98. efined instruction The maximum number of characters allowed in the macro instruction is 16 The RS character marks the end of the macro definition Chapter 6 Executes macro instruction ESC 1 27 43 1 1 2 01 This command executes a previously defined macro instruction Chapter 6 166 OTHER COMMANDS PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Sets the value of the eighth data bit to logical 1 ESC 27 62 1 This command forces the eighth data bit of each subsequent character sent to the printer to logical 1 This code allows users with a 7 bit interface to access those characters whose ASCII code is greater than 127 This code should not be used to transmit printer control codes Chapter 6 Sets the value of the eighth data bit to logical 0 27 61 1B 3D This command forces the eighth data bit of each subsequent character sent to the printer to logical 0 This code should not be used to transmit printer control code Chapter 6 167 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCIT hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Accepts the value of the eighth data bit as is ESC ye 27 35 1 23 This command cancels either setting of the eighth data bit
99. em as subscripts until cancelled All conditions appliable to superscripts also apply to subscripts NOTE The character 1 decimal code 49 hexadecimal code 31 can be used instead of ASCII 1 Chapter 4 Cancels a superscript or subscript ESC 27 84 1 54 This command stops printing of superscripts or subscripts and returns to the normal printing previously set It also cancels uni directional printing and boldface which are set automatically for superscripts and subscripts Chapter 4 145 CONTROLLING THE VERTICAL PRINT POSITION These commands are used to move the paper relative to the print head By moving the paper up or down the print head in effect moves the opposite direction down or up on the page Line feed and reverse line feed controls PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Advances the paper one line line feed LF 10 0A The actual distance advanced of the line feed is set through various codes see below When the DIP switch 1 8 is off a line feed is automatically generated whenever the printer receives a carriage return Chapter 5 Reverses the paper one line ESC 27 10 1B 0A This command causes the printer to reverse the paper in effect moving the print head up on the sheet one line The actual distance travelled is set through various codes se
100. en with the top of the ribbon guide on the print head then turn the printer back on If you don t remember how to do this review Chapter 2 When you run the program the results will look like this LINE NUMBER 1 LINE NUMBER 2 ar u ILINE NUMBER 3 LINE NUMBER 4 m 305 dut The form feed CHR 12 in line 50 caused the printer to move to the top of a new page before printing the last two lines Reverse form feed Just as your printer can perform a reverse line feed it can doa reverse form feed This code moves the paper so that the print head is positioned at the top of the current page This can be used for example to print text in a multi column magazine for mat print the first column then reverse form feed back to the top of the page to start the second column The code for reverse form feed is easy to remember ESC FF Table 5 3 Form feed commands CHR 12 ESC CHR 12 Changing the page length You may have some computer forms that are not 11 inches high That s no problem because you can tell your printer how high the forms are that you are using There are two commands for doing this shown in this table Table 5 4 Form length control Set the page length to lines ESC C CHR x Set the page length to inches ESC C CHR 0 CHR n Let s set up a 7 inch high form length which is t
101. er skip the first six lines and the last six lines on each page Always send a form feed after setting the top margin or it will not work on the first page printed That s because the top margin only takes effect after a form feed Line 50 sets the top margin line 30 sets the bottom margin and line 100 clears both margins when we are done THIS THIS o 0 0 Ol O 90 0 O O 15 15 18 18 15 LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE LINE VUNGCU 254udN 50 51 52 St 54 55 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118 119 65 66 SETTING LEFT AND RIGHT MARGINS The left and right margins of this printer work just like a typewriter once they are set all printing is done between them You can set margins either by using the keys on the con trol panel as described in Chapter 3 or by escape commands The commands to set the margins are given in the following table Table 5 6 Left and right margin commands UD ESC I Set right margin at column y KESC Q CHR n Set left margin at column n1 and gs right margin at column n2 ESC X CHR amp n1 CHRS un2 Try setting the margins with this program UD 10 Demo of margins 20 GOSUB 70 30 LPRINT CHRS 27 1 CHRS 10 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 Q CHRS 70
102. erably For this purpose your printer has a special 9 pin graphics mode it won t however work with 7 bit interface systems In this mode the printer takes 2 bytes to fire all 9 pins as shown in Figure 7 8 128 amp 32 16 gt First byte Dj 128 Second byte only the top bit is used OOOOOOOOO Figure 7 8 The printer needs 2 bytes to fire all 9 pins in the 9 pin graphics mode 113 In addition you can select the print density by the value of 10 When z0 is 0 the normal density is selcted and when 70 is 1 the double density is selected Since computers are faster than printers there is no signifi cant time loss in printing a single line of graphics with 9 pins You get 9 dots per line in about the same time as you get 8 dots in the other graphics modes 114 CHAPTER 8 CARING FOR YOUR PRINTER Subjects covered in Chapter 8 include e Cleaning the printer Changing the ribbon Replacing the print head Dust and heat will make any mechanism wear more quickly The best maintenance is preventive so the first step in any maintenance program is correct location of the printer This is covered in greater detail in Chapter 1 but in general a normal of fice environment is best for both the computer and the printer CLEANING THE PRINTER Cleaning the printer regularly will prolong its service life Use a damp cloth on the exterior every week or
103. escribing how to get out of the stand ard program You will probably have to figure out on your own which codes are used The general concepts and details of the two sample programs should be enough to help you be suc cessful The escape code Most of the special print functions start with a code called the escape code It can be entered in decimal or hexadecimal values by an ASCII character or by using the control keys on your keyboard depending on which program and which computer you are using The escape code telis the printer to interpret the values or characters following it as printer functions The codes used to describe the functions are also entered in the same way as the escape code In this section we will show you the format each word processor uses as well as the general rules to correctly entering the function codes The next chapter covers how to convert the different forms of ASCII codes You should review Chapter 4 if you have not already done so before working with the function codes The master reset code There is one function code which turns off all the print func tions currently being used by the printer It is called the master reset code and resets the printer to its DIP switch settings These print characteristics are the same as the ones used by the printer when it is first turned on The code sequence for master reset is ESC By check ing the ASCII equivalents in Appendix C you can s
104. ever ere CT HO DEFGHIJK P XYZ N1 abcde fiRAO cha i aad mn 095 0 veras IU IU Hid D FGH UM ree ae DIEI EDU SES ABP ML opTSerds oe VARDS 1 EHE n UHXYZ XJ _ BA BQ ray 431 1 344 4 LL eth UBT alo ur saws age vert D 11 125251763 VWXYZIN abcde aolen i i 231 Lk BDvZcuT eQ6oQc vetes SPER P XYZIN abcde i CHM 44 1o 113324 5 mI FESSES ed 09606 Self test 2 _abeserfehis _abedergni abcdefghi ati aocdefgni rim aoccerghijkimn abcdetgniibimao HOLT SLOT SFE TRABCDRTGHT OF LMNOFORST JVW ZE 1 _ Figure 2 11 The self tests show you what the printer can print 17 lever Figure 2 10 Pulling the adjustment lever towards you will widen the gap pushing it away from you will narrow the There are four positions you can feel the lever clicking into the various notches The first step shown is the one most com monty used for single sheets of paper different positions until you get the best printing results TESTING THE PRINTER Your printer has two built in programs that printout sample lines of letters numbers and other characters to show you that everything s in good working order Self test 1 is the long version and self test 2 is the short one You can use either one t
105. f you look at each bit in this byte you ll find that each one represents a printing style variation Adding the binary values of the selected bits gives the value of n for a particular combination of print styles Table 4 10 shows the decimal values of the bits in the Master Print byte To calculate the value for a particular combination of printing styles just add the decimal values of the features that you want to combine Table 4 10 Values of mixing print styles for Master Print 4 Emphasized print 1 8 6 Expanded print 32 Underline 1 988 For example if you want to select elite expanded boldface print you would calculate the value of like this Elite 1 Boldface 16 Expanded 32 n 49 The command would look like this CHR 27 CHR 49 To better understand the way the print modes work consider that each mode except pica pica is the default has a separate switch that can turned on and off via software Once the switch is on it stays on until turned off However when two modes that conflict are turned on at the same time the printer must choose which one to use For example suppose you turn on both Elite and Emphasized modes These cannot combine so the printer must make a choice in this case the printer chooses Elite 54 Summary notes 1 Pica is the default pitch and is active when Elite is turned off 2 W
106. fer to the WordStar User s Manual for instructions or contact your dealer for assistance Perhaps the most useful user defined P command is PE If you define this as an escape ASCII code 27 you can then ac cess nearly all of the advanced features of this printer Without this patch you cannot place an escape in the WordStar docu ment and subsequently you are limited to using WordStar s repertoire of print functions A shame when you have a power ful printer USING THE PRINTER WITH LOTUS 1 2 3 Lotus is one of the intergrated software packages that include a spreadsheet a database manager and graphics We will look at how to print Lotus 1 2 3 spreadsheet Lotus 1 2 3 uses the Print command to print spreadsheets When you enter P a menu appears that presents you with a number of choices Lotus 1 2 3 gives you a lot of flexibility in printing spreadsheets through this menu but you have to define the range to print All the other items have default values that make getting started easy 32 If you do change several of the things listed in the Print menu Lotus 1 2 3 will remember the selections that you have made and use them each time you print the spreadsheet They are even saved with the spreadsheet so that they will be the same the next time that you use the spreadsheet You can specify the range to print in all the normal ways by pointing by typing the cell addresses of the endpoints by enter ing a range name
107. ft character starting and ending dot columns are defined by the low order seven bits m1 through m11 determine which dots form the draft character In the case of NLQ download characters valid character positions are any number between 32 and 127 and m1 through m46 determine which dots form the character NOTE This command is ignored when the DIP switch 2 1 is set on SEE Chapter 7 160 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCID hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCID REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Copies standard character ROM font into RAM ESC 0 0 0 27 58 0 0 0 1B 3A 00 00 00 This command copies all the standard characters to the corresponding download character RAM area This destroys any existing user defined characters in that range NOTE This command is ignored when the DIP switch 2 1 is set on Chapter 7 Selects download character set ESC 90 1 27 37 1 1 25 01 This command causes the printer to select the download character set NOTE The character 1 decimal code 49 hexadecimal code 31 can be used instead of ASCII 1 Chapter 7 Cancels download character set ESC 0 27 37 0 1B 25 00 This command cancels the download character set and selects the previous character set NOTE The character 0 decimal code 48 hexadecimal code 30 can be used instead of ASCII 0
108. g your own print control keys Using the printer with WordStar User defind print commands Using the printer with Lotus 1 2 3 Using the panel modes Advanced panel functions Setting print start position Setting the top of form Setting the left and right margins Printing with BASIC 37 Some basics of BASIC First steps ASCII codes and the CHR function Control codes The escape codes note on command syntax Selecting the right software mode Some special kinds of text Near Letter Quality characters Italic printing Underlining Superscripts and subscripts Changing the print pitch Expanded print Condensed print Proportional printing Making words stand out Mixing print modes Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Formatting Text 55 Lines and line spacing Starting a new line Reverse line feeds Changing the line spacing Moving down the page without a carriage return Page control Form feed Reverse form feed Changing the page length Top and bottom margins Setting left and right margins Horizontal and vertical tabs Horizontal tabs One time horizontal tabs Vertical tabs Vertical tab channels Centering and aligning text Special Features of the Printer 77 Now hear this Resetting the printer Taking the printer off line Printing the bottom of the sheet Backspace delete and cancel text Printing zeroes Immediate print Adjusting the width of space between characters Uni directional printing The seven bit dilemma Block graphics ch
109. ges the line spacing to 72 of an inch The loop that is started in line 20 increases the value of n the variable I in this program each time it is executed So the line spacing in creases as the program continues Line 30 just shortcuts the loop when I 13 since BASIC won t let us send CHR 13 without adding an unwanted CHR 10 to it Finally the ESC 2 in line 80 resets the line spacing to 6 lines per inch This is a shortcut that is the same as ESC CHR 12 If you run this program with DIP switch 2 5 off IBM mode you cannot get the printout as shown above The ESC A CHR command in the IBM mode only defines the line spacing as n 72 of an inch the ESC 2 com mand changes the line spacing to the amount defined by the previous ESC A For the IBM mode you need to change the following lines in the previous program as shown below 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 A CHRS I CHRS 27 2 80 LPRINT CHRS 27 A CHRS 12 CHRS 27 2 You may wonder why 1 72 of an inch was chosen as the incre ment for the line spacing command There s a good reason the dots that the printer makes are 1 72 inch apart So this means that you can vary the line spacing in increments as fine as one dot unless you want finer spacing in which case you may use one third dot spacing The ESC 3 CHR n command sets the line spacing in in crements of 1 216 inch Change line 40 in your program to this 40 LPRINT CHR
110. gins or set it according to your own requirements 5 Set the release lever for single sheets the second position from the top L es Figure 2 5 Prop up the paper guide by inserting the guide stand in the notches provided for it 13 6 Aligna sheet of paper on the guide along the adjuster 7 Turn on the power switch The Paper Empty in dicator will glow because there is no paper 8 Now set the release lever to the auto feed setting the top position The printer will advance the paper automatically 9 When the paper stops set the release lever for single sheets again the release lever To align paper that is not in straight e Set the release lever to the adjustment setting e Straighten the paper and adjust it for the margins you want e Move the release lever back to its original setting Remember you can also use the optional automatic sheet feeder for single sheets Loading sprocket feed paper This is standard computer paper with the holes along the sides and perforations between the sheets It is also called sprocket punched fan fold or just plain computer paper It can be as narrow as 4 inches and up to 15 5 inches wide 14 1 Turn on the printer and set the release lever for sprocket feed paper 2 If the paper guide is installed remove it and put it aside for a moment 3 Place a stack of fan fold paper behind the
111. he CHR function to represent ASCII characters and many functions To print the letter A we would enter LPRINT CHR 65 To make the printer s bell sound we would enter LPRINT CHR 7 In general we print a character by entering LPRINT CHR ASCII code to the printer We can also use hex ASCII codes Although we use only decimal ASCII codes in this manual in some applications it will help if you understand what a hex code is is short for hex adecimal and refers to a base 16 number the numbers we use in everyday life are base 10 Since the hex system needs 16 digits it uses the numerals 0 through 9 and also the letters A through F In BASIC programs you can always tell that a number is in hexadecimal by the amp H immediately preceding it The ASCII code for the letter A 65 in decimal is amp H41 in hex W Control codes ASCII codes with values of 32 or less do not correspond to keys on the keyboard These codes control many of the printer s functions so we call them control codes To enter a control code from the keyboard we have to press two keys at the same time the control key and one other The other key determines what code is sent pressing the control CTRL key and sends ASCII code 1 CTRL B sends ASCII code 2 and so on Your printer has a lot of control codes to let you do some useful things Let s try one that we ve mentioned several times already 10 Demo of ASCII code 20 LPRINT CHRS
112. hen two modes conflict the one of lesser priority bit wise is cancelled For example Condensed and Emphasiz ed can not be printed at the same time printing is Em phasized 3 Elite cancels Emphasized 4 Underline Expanded and Italics modes combine with any print modes 5 Emphasized will not mix with Elite or Condensed 5 FORMATTING TEXT Subjects covered in Chapter 5 include The carriage return and line feed The amount of space between lines Moving to the next page The number of lines on a printed page Horizontal and vertical tabs Setting margins left right top and bottom Centering and aligning Chapter 4 showed us the basic techniques for using the printer Now we re ready for the more advanced ones We ll con centrate on changing the appearance of the page to suit our needs LINES AND LINE SPACING Starting a new line Up until now the only time we have thought about printing on a new is when we didn t want it to happen We learned that putting a semicolon at the end of a BASIC line will not end the line of printing So somehow the computer tells the printer when to end one line and start another There are two codes that are used to end one line and start another They are carriage return CHR 13 and line feed CHR 10 Like the escape codes they have been given ab breviations which you ll find many texts including this one CR and LF The codes are simple bu
113. ied These are selected by the following commands Right justified printing 75 Table 5 12 Alignment commands Left justified printing ESC a 0 ESC a CHR 1 ESC CHR 2 Try this program to see how easy it is 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Deno LPRINT LPRINT LPRINT LPRINT LPRINT LPRINT LPRINT LPRINT of aligning and centering CHRS 27 1 CHRS 20 CHRS 27 0 CHRS 60 CHRS 27 CHRS 0 THIS LINE IS LEFT ALIGNED 27 1 THIS LINE IS CENTERED CHRS 27 CHRS 2 THIS LINE IS RIGHT ALIGNED When you run this program you should get like this THIS LIME 76 CHAPTER 6 SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE PRINTER Subjects covered in Chapter 6 include Printer s bell Master reset Uni directional printing International character sets Printing BIG characters The optional sheet feeder Macro instruction Reading a hex dump In the previous chapters we have learned about several groups of control codes In this chapter we will look at more con trol codes These codes don t fit neatly into any of the groupings that we have looked at so far but they add a lot of useful features to your printer Now hear this You may have heard the printer s bell if you have ever run out of paper And you may have wondered why it s called a bell when it beeps instead of ringing
114. ifferent thicknesses To make this adjustment move the adjustment lever which is under the printer cover and immediately in front of the release Release lever Adjustment lever Figure 2 10 The adjustment lever allows for different thicknesses of paper ae ET PEE A E Self test 1 DIP switch 2 5 ON EK chaise curie GBbIDEFSRIOD DEF abe i wu DoD Slc E RUE COSEBDT FGSRICLHLMNIBOSTI ESTAS ako ge nose 0 I E amp 0 1 7 0123456789 C2 2 8ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZIX abcdefghijkl PURSE Cte 70123456789 22 ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ 3 DUREY 70171450789 ECOEFGHICFLMNOF ES en T dium V PY EE 1 ze T Am EGHIGELMNGP Fer SL ET 2 565 0 5 0123456789 lt gt 1 1 5 2 _ 14395 0123456789 2 ABCDEFGHI JKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZI abcdefghijk apbcdefghijkl aocJe pirti DIP switch 2 5 OFF Vegas O k 0127454789 21 3 abcde AMAL wef 1 Jli SSAkhDnRECLT OCGAcU bud laii l 1 T d Coen 1 15451 dows v20 1 abede BRAVE TER CPL T gad anDaLcuTfOQGeg veit ORTA i rp Etro ok piel abede i RaO ihk i 21i nimm BP rEauT FONS2VE Potes ML L
115. in the printer s ROM Read Only Memory but characters you design are downloaded and stored in RAM Random Access Memory for use Designing and printing your own characters has two re quirements firstly designing the shape of the character calculating the data necessary to make the shape and sending that data to the printer and secondary sending the command to print the downloaded characters instead of the standard characters There are a number of design constraints for download draft quality characters e The matrix or grid on which you design the characters is six boxes wide by nine boxes high e Horizontally dots may be centered in a box or may straddle a line making the actual character grid 11 dots wide by 9 dots high Vertically dots can only be centered in a box See Figure 7 2 99 e The minimum width of a character is five dots e Unlike standard characters that are restricted to a height of seven dots user defined characters may use eight dots vertically Dots cannot overlap that is you may not have a dot inside a box next to one that is on a line e You may define any position in the ASCII table except the block graphics area when you are downloading in the IBM mode Figure T 2 Dots can be inside boxes or straddle the vertical lines of the grid Photocopy the grid in Figure 7 3 to help design your new characters We will use a tiny representation of a chemist s flask for o
116. ine and the print control codes it is necessary to edit ASCII code decimal values in the System Functions portion of your EasyWriter II program For more details about ASCII codes please refer to Chapter 4 Your printer is considered a Type B printer by the 26 EasyWriter II program Before making any changes in the printer driver you should first check to be sure the printer selec tion is set for printer Type B Option 7 on the System Functions menu Then follow the instructions in Appendix B of your EasyWriter II User s Manual to reconfigure Type B printers become more familiar with the reconfiguration process and its terms and to make the instructions in this section easier to understand we suggest you read through Appendix B first In these few paragraphs we ll show you the ASCII decimal values we feel provide good flexibility in printing with this printer You should follow the instructions hands on with your own EasyWriter program The changes you will make are for pitch settings and print con trol codes also called font support However all the screens in volved will be explained as you see them displayed From the System Functions Menu choose Option 9 Recon figure Printer Type B and the printer name will be displayed Type over the present printer name as follows 1 Printer Name Dot Matrix Printer Press RETURN and the Edit Global Sequences screen will be displayed These codes control the
117. ine 10 selects character set 2 so that all the graphics characters can be used including the club symbol Then lines 20 80 print the 5 of clubs figure Line 90 cancels character set 2 which is the same as selecting character set 1 87 Here is what this program prints International character sets Your printer changes languages by changing 12 characters that are different in the different languages These sets of characters are called international character sets and there are 11 sets in all The control codes to select the international character sets are given in Table 6 4 Table 6 4 International character set commands ESC CHR 0 France ESO R ESC 2 Englanda KESO R CHR Q ESC CHR 4 Sweden 1 KESC R 5 ESC 6 pain ESC CHR 7 ESC 0 The characters that change are shown beneath their ASCII code in Table 6 5 2 wl 88 Table 6 5 International character sets Country 35 36 64 91 92 93 94 96 123 124 125 126 USA France s e s u Germany 1515 1501 Js o England 5 i Demark type 1 9 t i E EH Norway Demaktpen
118. instead of ASCII 0 Chapter 5 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE 157 Moves the print head to an ab solute horizontal position ESC nl n2 27 36 nl n2 1B 24 nl n2 This command causes the printer to move the print head to an absolute horizontal position The position in inch es is determined by the formula n1 n2 x 256060 The maximum distance is 13 6 inches Chapter 5 Moves the print head to a specified horizontal position ESC nl n2 27 92 nl n2 1B 5C nl n2 This command causes the printer to move the print head to a specified horizontal position when the NLQ character mode is selected It can move the print head either left or right The distance in inches is determined by the formula 41 n2 x 256 120 To move to the left add 64 to the calculated value of n2 The maximum distance is 13 6 inches The command will be ignored if you try to move to a position outside the current margins Chapter 5 158 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCID REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Adds n dot spaces between characters ESC space n 21 32 n 1B 20 n This command increases the space be tween characters by dots when the DIP switch 2 5 is set on
119. ion s E es aay 0 000 1011 11 decimal Descender Starting Ending data print column print column Figure 7 5 The attribute byte 70 for our flask character Even though there are no dots in the last column we define to column 11 to leave some space between the characters m1 to 11 the column data we defined along the bottom of the grid m1 the left most column value m2 the next and so on You must define eleven data even if the last few data are 0 For the flask the complete command will be 102 CHR 27 CHR 38 CHR 0 CHR 60 CHR 60 CHR 139 CHR 2 CHR 5 CHR 8 CHR 241 CHR 0 CHR 0 CHR 241 CHR 8 CHR 5 CHR 2 CHR 0 Put this command into the appropriate syntax for the language you are using Before you run the program and send the data to the printer remember to check that DIP switch 2 1 is set to off The last requirement is the command to make the printer use the downloaded characters stored in RAM instead of the stand ard character set stored in ROM The command is ESC n Where n is either 1 CHR 49 to select or 0 CHR 48 to cancel If you want your new characters to be included in a standard character set you may copy the standard set stored in ROM into the download RAM which will save you switching back and forth between the download area and the standard ROM If you wish to use this option ma
120. ions are 124 2 27 24 2 5 ON OFF OFF enable and the print buffer is set to a one line buffer This switch is set on at the factory These switches determine the default international character set as shown in Table A 2 These switches are all set on at the factory Table A 2 International character sets This switch selects the active control codes Turn this switch on to use the Standard mode which emulates the Epson FX 85 printer Turn this switch off to use the IBM mode which emulates the IBM Graphics printer This switch is set on at the fac tory APPENDIX B ASCII CODES AND CONVERSION CHART Standard ASCII Codes Control Character set Decimal Hex Binary Character 1 Set2 0 00 0000 0000 Ctrl 1 01 0000 0001 Ctrl A 2 02 0000 0010 Ctrl B 3 03 0000 0011 Ctrl C 4 04 0000 0100 Ctrl D 9 6 5 05 0000 0101 Ctri E 4 6 06 0000 0110 Ctrl F amp 7 07 0000 0111 Ctrl G BEL BEL 8 08 0000 1000 Ctrl H BS BS 9 09 0000 1001 Ctrl I HT HT 10 0A 0000 1010 Ctrl J LF LF 11 0B 0000 1011 Ctrl K VT VT 12 oc 0000 1100 Ctr L FF FF 13 0D 0000 1101 Ctrl M CR CR 14 0E 0000 1110 Ctrl N 0 SO 15 oF 0000 1111 Ctri O SI SI 16 10 0001 0000 Ctrl P 17 11 0001 0001 Ctri Q DC1 DC1 18 12 0001 0010 Ctrl R DC2 DC2 19 13 0001 0011 Ctrl S DC3 DC3 20 14 0001 0100 DC4 DC4 21 15 0001 0101 Ctrl U S 8 8 22 16 0001 0110 Ctri V 23 17 0001 0111 Ctrl W 24 18 0001 1000 Ctrl X CAN CAN 25 19 000
121. it on and off by using control codes Table 6 8 Automatic sheet feeder commands ESC 25 4 or 4 ESC 25 CHR 0 or 0 ESC CHR 25 CHRS 1 or ESC CHR 25 or When the automatic sheet feeder is installed you must set DIP switch 1 5 on to detect the paper out condition In addition the following functions are ignored when the automatic sheet feeder is installed Setting of the page length and bottom margins Vertical tab settings E The macro control code The last of our group of miscellaneous codes is definitely not the least It is a user defined control code called a macro control code The term macro is from the jargonese macro instruction which refers to an instruction that calls or uses a group of nor mal instructions In computer programming macro instructions which are similar to subroutines save programmers a lot of time and effort Your printer s macro can save you a lot of time and effort also 93 Here is how the printer s macro works You define a macro by telling the printer what normal control codes are to be included in the macro Then you can use the macro any time that you want and the printer will do all the things that you included in the macro definition You can include up to 16 codes in a single macro You can even use the macro to store a frequently used word or phrase There are two cont
122. k I 10 Denmark II 5 Sweden You can select a specific international character set except Japan Norway and Denmark type as power on default by adjusting the settings of DIP switches 2 2 2 3 and 2 4 Chapter 6 135 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Selects character set 2 ESC 27 54 1 36 This command selects character set 2 when the DIP switch 2 5 is set off You can select character set 2 as the power on default by turning DIP switch 1 7 off while the DIP switch 2 5 is set off Chapter 6 Selects character set 1 ESC co 27 55 1B 37 This command cancels character set 2 and selects character set 1 when the DIP switch 2 5 is set off You can select character set 1 as the power on default by turning DIP switch 1 7 on while the DIP switch 2 5 is set off Chapter 6 136 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCID REMARKS SEE Selects NLQ characters ESC x 1 27 120 1 1B 78 01 This command causes the printer to print near letter quality NLQ characters until the NLQ mode is cancell ed You can select NLQ characters as the power on default by turning DIP switch 1 2 off This command is ignored when the Print Quality Panel mode is selected at power on NOTE The character 1 decima
123. ke sure that you copy the standard characters into RAM before you download your own because the last copied characters replace previously copied ones The command to copy the standard characters into the dewnload RAM area is ESC CHR 0 CHR 0 CHR 0 To recap the order of commands if you wish to use various user defined characters with the standard set is e Select the draft characters ESC x 0 Copy standard character set to RAM ESC CHR 0 CHR 0 CHR 0 Define characters and send data to printer ESC amp CHR 0 e Tell printer to use download character set ESC 99 1 To demonstrate how to use the download characters let s use the flask character and some other user defined characters to print a small graph This program will do just that 103 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 360 370 380 390 400 410 420 LPRINT CHRS 27 CHRS 0 CHRS 0 CHRS O FOR N 60 TO 62 FOR 0 TO 11 READ MM LPRINT CHRS MM NEXT M NEXT N LPRINT DATA 139 2 5 8 241 0 0 241 2 0 DATA 139 124 0 66 4 64 36 16 2 12 0 DATA 139 46 16 2 60 0 48 48 48 0 LPRINT CHRS 27 D CHRS 11 CHRS 0 LPRINT CHR 27 h CHRS 1 LPRINT U S EXPORTS LPRINT CHRS 27 h CHRS 0 LPRINT CHR 27 21 LPRINT AUTOS CHR 9 FOR 1 4 TO 9 3 STEP 4
124. l code 49 hexadecimal code 31 can be used instead of ASCII 1 Chapter 4 Cancels NLQ characters ESC 0 27 120 0 1 78 00 This command cancels NLQ printing and returns the printer to the draft mode You can select the draft characters as the power on default by turning DIP switch 1 2 on This command is ignored when the Print Quality Panel mode is selected at power on NOTE The character 0 decimal code 48 hexadecimal code 30 can be used instead of ASCII 0 Chapter 4 137 Font pitch controls PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Sets the print pitch to pica ESC p 27 80 1B 50 This command causes printing to be done in pica pitch with 136 characters per line You can select the pica pitch as the power on default by turning DIP switch 1 1 on This command is ignored when the Print Pitch Panel mode is selected at power on Chapter 4 Sets the print pitch to elite ESC M 27 77 1 4D This command causes printing to be done in elite pitch with 163 characters per line This command is ignored when the Print Pitch Panel mode is selected at power on Chapter 4 138 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCIT hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REM
125. l print SES WORE The backspace codes in line 20 move the print head a total of three spaces to the left so that the first part of line 30 will over print the word NOT The delete codes in line 50 erase the three letters in the word NOT so that it doesn t even print In line 80 CHR 24 deletes the words in line 70 The semicolon at the end of line 70 prevents a line feed from causing that line to print before the printer receives the CHR 24 code The text in line 90 prints as it normally would because it is after CHR 24 B Printing zeroes There are two types of zeroes There is the one we use every day 0 and this is what your printer will print as its default The other type is used almost exclusively in computers and engineering It is called the slash zero and is written like this 9 The line through the number prevents you from misreading it as the letter Before high quality printers were available this was a good idea but there is no special need for it today although you may want to use the slash zero for a special effect Immediate print This printer can print at the quick rate of 120 characters per second But it will also print more slowly at the speed of your typing In the zmmediate print mode the print head prints one character at a time as you send it The printer also moves the paper up so that you can see the current line and then down to continue printing You can tur
126. ldface until cancelled Chapter 4 Cancels boldface printing ESC 27 72 1 48 This command turns off boldface print ing and returns the printer to normal printing Chapter 4 143 CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Selects underlining ESC 1 27 45 1 1B 2D 01 This command underlines the following characters until cancelled NOTE The character 1 decimal code 49 hexadecimal code 31 can be used instead of ASCII 1 Chapter 4 Cancels underlining ESC 7 0 27 45 0 1B 2D 00 This command stops underlining NOTE The character 0 decimal code 48 hexadecimal code 30 can be used instead of ASCII 0 Chapter 4 Selects superscripts ESC 5 0 27 83 0 1 53 00 This command raises the following characters and prints them as superscripts until cancelled Superscripts are printed from left to right only and in boldface NOTE The character 0 decimal code 48 hexadecimal code 30 can be used instead of ASCII 0 Chapter 4 144 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCIT hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCID hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Selects subscripts ESC sS 1 27 83 1 1B 53 01 This command lowers the following characters and prints th
127. line feed The code is ESC LF which causes the paper to move down in effect moving the printing one line A line used in a reverse line feed is the same size as a line in a regular line feed this is normally 1 6 inch When you change the line spac ing which you ll read about next both forward and reverse line feeds change Table 5 1 Line feed commands Control code Return print head to left margin CHR 13 CHR 10 ESG CHR 10 Changing the line spacing When you turn your printer on the line spacing is set to 6 lines per inch This is fine for most printing applications but when you want something different the printer makes it easy to set the line spacing to whatever you want Try this program to see how easy it is to change the line spac ing 57 10 Demo of line spacing 20 FOR 1 1 TO 25 30 IF 1 13 THEN 60 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 A CHRS I 50 LPRINT THIS LINE SPACING IS SET 1 60 NEXT I 70 LPRINT LINE SPACING IS SET TO 1 6 INCH NORMAL 80 LPRINT CHRS 27 2 90 END This is what you will get THIS LINE THIS LINE THIS LINE THIS LINE THIS LINE SPACING IS SET 20 THIS LINE SPACING IS SET TO zi THIS LINE SPACING IS SET TO 22 THIS LINE SPACING 15 SET TO 23 THIS LINE SPACING IS SET 24 THIS LINE SPACING 15 SET TO 22 TO 1 6 INCH NORMAL LINE SPACING I3 58 Line 40 changes the line spacing The command ESC chan
128. ly Chapter 5 Sets the left and right margins ESC X nl n2 27 88 nl n2 1B 58 nl n2 This command sets the left margin to n1 characters and the right margin to n2 The values of 41 and x2 must be be tween 1 and 255 and n2 should be greater than n1 You can set the left and right margins manually on the control panel NOTE Changing the print pitch after the margins have been set does not change the margins they stay in exact ly the same place on the page Chapter 5 155 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Sets the left margin ESC p n 27 108 n 1B 6C n This command sets the left margin to n characters Each line will begin in the 1 th character position from the left edge The value of must be between 0 and 255 You can set the left margin manually on the control panel NOTE Changing the print pitch after the left margin has been set does not change the margin it stays in exactly the same place on the page Chapter 5 Sets the right margin ESC Q n 27 81 n 1 51 n This command sets the right margin to which is the last character position that will be printed in a line After execu tion of this command any attempt to print beyond print position will cause the printer to automatically generate a carriage return and a line feed before printing the remainder of the
129. ly with the tops of regular printing while subscriptis print evenly with the bottom of regular printing They are frequently used to reference footnotes and in mathematical formulas Table 4 4 has the codes for using superscripts and subscripts Table 4 4 Superscripts and subscripts commands ESC Try this program to see them work Un 10 Demo of superscripts and subscripts 20 LPRINT Look LPRINT CHRS 27 SO 40 LPRINT SUPERSCRIPTS 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 T 60 LPRINT amp 70 LPRINT CHRS 27 S1 80 LPRINT SUBSCRIPTS 90 LPRINT CHRS 27 T 100 LPRINT on one line SLR RE RR EB ED PR X Fo r Look re og ON One lins 46 Here line 30 turns on superscripts with ESC 5 0 It s turn ed off in line 50 with ESC T Then between printing text subscripts are turned on in line 70 with ESC 5 1 and finally off in line 90 Again everything prints on one line because of the semicolons CHANGING THE PRINT PITCH In printer talk the number of characters that can be printed in one inch is called the print pitch or character pitch Normally your printer is set for 10 characters per inch which is called pica and is the same as the pica pitch on most typewriters This works out to 136 characters per line You can also print 12 character per inch elite pitch This gives you 163 characters per li
130. mands Condensed ON CHR 15 or ESC CHR 15 Condensed OFF CHR3 18 By combining expanded print and condensed print with the two pitches this printer has eight different character widths available Enter this program to see how the print pitches expanded print and condensed print can be combined 10 Demo of various print pitches 20 LPRINT CHRS 15 30 LPRINT CHRS 27 M 40 LPRINT This line is CONDENSED ELITE pitch 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 P 60 LPRINT This line is CONDENSED PICA pitch 70 LPRINT CHRS 18 80 LPRINT CHRS 27 M 90 LPRINT This line is NORMAL ELITE pitch 100 LPRINT CHRS 27 P 110 LPRINT This line is NORMAL PICA pitch 120 LPRINT CHRS 27 W1 130 LPRINT CHRS 15 140 LPRINT CHR 27 M 150 LPRINT This line is EXPANDED CONDENSED ELITE 160 LPRINT CHRS 27 P 170 LPRINT This line is EXPANDED CONDENSED PICA 180 LPRINT CHR 18 190 LPRINT CHRS 27 M 200 LPRINT This is EXPANDED ELITE 210 LPRINT CHRS 27 220 LPRINT This is EXPANDED PICA 230 LPRINT CHRS 27 WO 240 END Here s what you should get from this program 50 This line is CONDENSED ELITE pitch This line is CONDENSED PICA pitch This line is NORMAL ELITE pitch This iine is NORMAL PIC pitch This line is EXPANDED CONDENSED ELITE This line is EXPANDED CONDENSED FICA This is ES FPANDED ELITE Wow Xx omm Fe E Proportional printing H
131. mi double density 80 dots per inch 5 Plotter graphics 72 dots per inch 6 CRT graphics 90 dots per inch Chapter 7 164 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCID REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Selects 9 pin graphics ESC m0nlm2 ml m2 27 94 nO nl n2 ml m2 1B 5E nO nl n2 ml m2 This command selects column scan 9 pin bit image graphics mode The value of nO determines the print density The values of n and n2 are the same as normal density graphics mode The cor rect number of graphics data bytes m1 m2 etc must follow 2 The values of these bytes determine which pins are fired for each character Chapter 7 Redefines the graphics mode ESC P nO nl 27 63 nl 1B 3F nl This command redefines one of the 4 alternate graphics commands ESC ESC ESC Y or ESC Z as one of the seven graphics densi ty numbers with the ESC com mand where n0 is or 7 and 21 is 0 1 2 3 4 5 or 6 Chapter 7 165 MACRO INSTRUCTION COMMANDS PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Defines macro instruction ESC a ogn RS 27 43 30 1B 2B 1E This command cancels any existing macro instruction and replace it with the d
132. mmand To plot large graphics use graph paper and draw a line every 110 eight rows Draw your graphics shape and then calculate the values of each vertical column of eight dots each value becomes one data byte When drawing large shapes the data byte CHR 255 all pins firing or a solid block of dots is common line spacing of 8 72 inch using the ESC CHR x where 7 8 will ensure that successive rows of dots will join perfectly HIGHER RESOLUTION GRAPHICS There are seven graphics modes you can use they are sum marized in Table 7 2 Table 7 2 Normal density 60 dots inch ESC CHR 0 n1 n2 m1 m2 Double ty 120 dots inch ESC CHR 1 21 n2 m1 m2 Double density double speed ESC X CHR 2 x1 n2 m1 m2 uadruple density 240 dots inch ESC CHR 3 n1 n2 m1 m2 RT graphics 80 dots inch ESC CHR 4 n1 n2 m1 m2 Plotter graphics 72 dots inch ESC CHR 5 1152 ml m2 densi CRT graphics type uL 90 dots inch CESC CHR 6 n1 n2 m1 m2 You will notice that the higher the density of the graphic mode the more points you will need to plot Higher density modes also take longer to print The double density double speed mode ignores every second column of dots to give you a quick printout for debugging purposes you can then change to true double density graphics for the final printout If your software cannot a
133. n the immediate print mode on with ESC i 1 Before looking at it let s review the normal operation of the print buffer Enter this program 81 20 ASz INPUT A CHARACTER AS 30 IF AS THEN 50 40 LPRINT GOTO 20 50 LPRINT LPRINT CHRS 27 Now type several characters and after each press the RETURN key The printer simply puts the characters into its buffer while it waits for a carriage return code In this program the RETURN key doesn t send a carriage return code To end this program and print the contents of the buffer press RETURN alone Now add this line 10 LPRINT CHRS 27 i1 And RUN the program Your printer will now respond to your typing immediately When you are finished press RETURN alone Adjusting the width of space between characters This printer provides a command that adjusts the space be tween all the characters that it prints when the DIP switch 2 5 is set on The ESC CHR 32 CHR command adds blank space between the characters The units of space that are added vary in 1 240 inch units Try this program to see how this works 10 Demo of adjusting spaces 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 x1 30 FOR 1 10 TO 1 STEP 2 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 CHRS 1 50 LPRINT This line is added I spaces 60 NEXT I 70 LPRINT This line is Normal space 80 END 82 This line is added 10 spaces This line is added 8 spaces This line is added
134. n the program now it produces this ONE TWO THREE FOLUR The words are now closer together but still evenly spaced To reset the default tabs use the following program LPRINT CHR 27 e0 CHR 8 This command sets the horizontal tabs to every eight col umns Table 5 7 Horizontal tab commands Advance to next tab position _ CHRS 9 ESC CHR 11 CHR 12 Set tabs at n1 n2 etc CHRS 0 ESC 0 One time horizontal tabs Suppose you need to move to a position across the page but you only need to do it once It doesn t make much sense to set up a tab to use only one time There is an easier way The solution is called a one time tab Table 5 8 show the three commands 69 Table 5 8 One time horzontal tabs Control code One time horizontal tab of n ESC f 0 CHRS n Clm a c ESC CHR 21 CHR n2 ESC CHR 11 CHR 22 Absolute horizontal tab Relative horizontal tab The first command in Table 5 8 moves the print head col umns to the right It has the same effect as sending spaces to the printer The absolute horizontal tab command moves the print head to a specified position on the page The position that you want the print head to move to measured from the left margin is specified by the values of 27 and n2 using the formula n1 x2 x 256 The units by which the print head act
135. n the ruler line to condensed width pitch Name the ruler line condensd without the quotes and change the character pitch to 17 and the line spacing to 6 To make the subject title ex panded use the ALT and keys in the line mode to highlight the line Now change the pitch setting in the next line to pica by sett ing a new ruler line Ruler Name pica Character Pitch 10 Use the print control key S for italic to highlight the second sentence in the paragraph Move the cursor to the in Enclosed and in the sentence mode use the ALT and S keys to highlight the sentence You ll have to press S twice to get the 67 At the end of the document reinitialize the printer to its default settings with a new ruler line using the Master Reset code Ruler Name reset Character Pitch 3 Print the document Your printout should look like this SUBJECT ORDERING STATIONERY SUPPLIES bibe te plane an order for stationery supplies from crue mail order cataloo forlosed is my arder form and a check fer GE Please process this order as soon as possible Thanl youl The subject title will print in expanded condensed characters which are twice the width as standard condensed characters The sentence in the paragraph is printed in italic pica print The last ruler line will reinitialize the printer See the general con cepts section for more details on master reset This is just one 30
136. nchronization Via externally supplied STROBE pulses Handshaking ACK and BUSY signals Logic level Compatible with TTL level The parallel interface connects to the computer by a 36 pin connector on the back of the printer This connector mates with an Amphenol 57 30360 connector The functions of the various pins are summarized in Table F 1 W Functions of the Connector Signals Communications between the computer and the printer use many of the pins of the connector To understand how the system of communications works let s look at the functions of the various signals carried by the pins of the interface connec tor Pin 1 carries the STROBE pulse signal from the computer to the printer This signal is normally held high by the computer When the computer has data ready for the printer it sets this signal to a low value for at least 0 5 microseconds When the printer sees this pulse on the strobe pin it reads the data that the computer supplies on pins 2 through 9 Each of these lines carries one bit of information A logical 1 is represented by a high signal level and a logical 0 is represented by a low signal level The computer must maintain these signals for a period beginning at least 0 5 microseconds before the strobe pulse starts and continuing for at least 0 5 microseconds after the strobe pulse ends 188 lu 2 75 Approx 2
137. ne You can set these pitches by using the Mode key on the con trol panel manually or by software as shown in the table below Table 4 5 Print pitch commands Characters inch ESC P ESC M Try this program to see how these two pitches work Be sure to set the printer to draft mode 10 Demo of pica and elite pitches 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 M 30 LPRINT This line is ELITE pitch 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 P 50 LPRINT This line is PICA pitch normal When you run this program you should get this This iine is ELITE pitch This line is PICA pitch normals Line 20 turns on elite pitch with ESC Line 30 prints 47 the line at 12 characters per inch The ESC in line 40 resets the printer to pica pitch and line 50 prints the line in pica pitch B Expanded print Each of the print pitches can be enlarged to twice its normal width This is called expanded print Try this program to see how it works 10 Demo of expanded print 20 LPRINT Demonstration of 30 LPRINT CHRS 14 40 LPRINT EXPANDED 50 LPRINT CHRS 20 60 LPRINT printing 70 LPRINT Notice that 80 LPRINT CHRS 14 90 LPRINT EXPANDED mode 100 LPRINT automatically turns off at the end of a line printing LEE cc cz zm Uf oat the end of a line Expanded print set with CHR 14 is automatically cancelled at the end of the line This is convenient in many applications such as for one lin
138. ne with pro portional elite pitch Then line 60 selects the pica pitch so that line 70 prints a line with proportional pica pitch Finally line 80 resets the proportional printing and line 90 prints a line in nor mal pica pitch NOTE When you set the Print Pitch Panel mode by the Print Pitch key on the control panel at power on these control codes related print pitches except expand print mode is ignored MAKING WORDS STAND OUT Your printer has good print density when it s just printing nor mally But sometimes you may want something to stand out from the rest of the page This printer provides two ways to do this boldface and emphasized print Both of these go over the characters twice but they use slightly different methods to darken the characters Let s try them and see what the dif ference is The following table shows the control codes for getting into and out of boldface and emphasized modes Table 4 9 Print emphasis commands Function Control code ESC G ESC ESC ESC F them now with this little program 10 Demo of boldface and emphasized 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 G 30 LPRINT This line is BOLDFACE printing 40 LPRINT 5 27 50 LPRINT This line is BOLDFACE and EMPHASIZED 60 LPRINT CHRS 27 H 70 LPRINT This line is EMPHASIZED printing 80 LPRINT CHRS 27 F 90 LPRINT This line is normal printing 100 END Run thi
139. ntify and Resolve Radio TV Interference Problems This booklet is available from the U S Government Printing Office Washington D C 20402 Stock No 004 000 00345 4 For compliance with Federal Noise Interference Standard this equipment requires a shielded cable This statement will be applied only for the printers marketed in U S A Self Declaration Radio interferences regarding this equipment has been eliminated according to Vfg 1046 1984 announced by the DBP DBP has been informed about the introduction of this special equipment and has been conceded the right to examine the whole series It is upon the responsibility of the user to assume that his own assembled system is in ac cordance with the technical regulations under Vfg 1046 1984 To observe FTZ regulations it is necessary to establish all connections to the printer with shielded cable The equipment may only be opened by qualified service representatives This statement will be applied only for the printers marketed in West Germany Trademark Acknowledgement NX 15 Star Micronics Co Ltd Apple II Apple Computer Inc EasyWriter II Information Unlimited Software Inc FX 85 Seiko Epson Corp IBM PC IBM Graphics Printer International Business Machines Corp Lotus 1 2 3 Lotus Development Corp Microsoft BASIC Microsoft Corporation WordStar MicroPro International Corporation NOTICE All rights reserved Reproduction of any part of this manual in a
140. ny form what soever without STAR s express permission is forbidden The contents of this manual are subject to change without notice All efforts have been made to ensure the accuracy of the contents of this manual at the time of going to press However should any errors be detected STAR would be greatly appreciate being informed of them potwitatandingi STAR can assume no responsibility for any errors in this manual Copyright 1986 Star Micronics Co Ltd Table of Contents Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Setting Up Your Printer Locating the printer Check the carton contents Removing the printer cover Removing the packing tube Installing the ribbon cartridge Installing the interface board Getting to Know Your Printer Controls and parts of the printer Parts of the printer Controls and indicators Extra functions Other controls Selecting and loading paper Loading single sheets Loading sprocket feed paper Adjusting the print head Testing the printer Connecting the printer Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Using the Printer with Commercial 21 Software Using commercial software Word processing with the printer General concepts The escape code The master reset code Using Near Letter Quality NLQ Getting the most from your print choices Using the printer with EasyWriter II Redefining pitch settings and print control codes A sample printout with EasyWriter II Redefining your own print pitches Redefinin
141. o show the characters available in the printer to check the in stallation of the ribbon and paper and to check the adjustment of the head to platen gap mhoPqrstuvwxyz i io mnopqrstuvwxyzii Tuba mnopqrstuvwxyzii mnopqrstuvwxyz 7 Innoongrsfu vwxyri 27 Oak yGure say azrou yna fghijklmnoparstuvwxyz Cusaadadac et ll AAERESOONUYOUCEFRFA1 OU 73 fghijkImnopqrstuvwxyz i C dd g eeiilaAaAEe Ooo yOUC ERf l u ghigdgblmnop arstuvwxyrtil 74 Sa geeeifi amp ACetooonuyGcUc EYRPA n 11 8 fgbijklmnooqrstaewxyzi 0 0 eS aacSseiiiaderz amp Oood yOUd YBK rou f zt2 ffJ2m2 025 fghi jklmnoparstuvwxyz Cu adadc ei f LAAERESGO0UYVOUCE RFAL6U fghijKlImnopqrstuvwxyz i 79gu daa c eeitl AEm OooQ0uyYOUC EYRf li u 975 vere C Sa acsre l 18 You can print the self test without hooking up the printer to your computer Simply 1 Plug in the printer don t turn it on yet 2 Inserta sheet of paper or sprocket paper either one 3 While holding down one of the following keys turn on the power switch Paper Feed key Self test 1 long On Line key Self test 2 short When you want to terminate the long self test function turn off the power switch CONNECTING THE PRINTER Now that you ve assembled and tested your printer all that re mains i
142. ode ESC 0 27 25 0 1B 19 00 This command causes the printer to cancel the auto sheet feeding mode This command is ignored when the optional automatic sheet feeder is not mounted on the printer Chapter 6 Cancels auto feed mode zi uu 0 gt 40 40 48 41 41 28 28 30 29 29 Same ESC EM 0 above Chapter 6 Supplies paper ESC EM 1 27 25 1 1B 19 01 This command causes the printer to supply paper under non auto sheet feeding mode This command is ignored when the optional automatic sheet feeder is not mounted on the printer Chapter 6 Supplies paper gt TS 1 40 40 49 41 41 28 28 31 29 29 Same as ESC EM 1 above Chapter 6 177 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Ejects paper ESC 27 25 82 1 19 52 This command causes the printer to eject paper This command is ignored when the optional automatic sheet feeder is not mounted on the printer Chapter 6 Ejects paper gt R ey 40 40 82 41 41 28 28 52 29 29 Same as ESC EM above Chapter 6 178 APPENDIX D COMMAND SUMMARY IN NUMERIC ORDER Control code CHR 7 CHR 8 CHR 9 CHR 10 CHR 11 CHR 12 CHR 13 CHR 14 CHR 15 CHR 17 CHR 18 CHR 19 CHR 20
143. odes 111 American Standard Code for Information Interchange 39 ASCII code conversion chart 125 ASCII codes 39 94 Attribute byte 99 Auto feed mode 175 Automatic sheet feeder 92 175 Backspace 79 168 BASIC 37 38 XBEL 77 169 Bell 77 169 Bi directional print 82 171 Big characters 90 172 Bit image graphics 108 Block graphics 84 Boldface print 28 31 51 53 142 Bottom margin 122 151 BS 79 168 lt 79 168 Cancel auto feed mode 176 boldface print 51 142 emphasized print 51 142 expanded print 47 140 italics 43 134 margins 63 151 NLQ 43 136 proportional print 50 139 superscripts and subscripts 45 144 text 79 168 underlining 44 143 Carriage return 55 154 Centering text 74 158 Changing line spacing 56 146 page length 62 150 Channels vertical tab 73 153 Character graphics 84 Character set 1 84 122 135 Character set 2 84 122 135 Character space 158 Character width 26 46 Characters in the control code area 88 Chart ASCII code 125 Chart character set 2 85 CHR function 38 CHR3 169 CHR 8 168 CHR3 9 67 156 CHR 10 55 145 CHR 11 70 152 CHR 12 61 149 13 55 154 CHR 14 47 140 CHR3 15 49 138 CHR 17 78 169 CHR 18 49 138 CHR 19 78 169 CHR 20 47 141 CHR 24 79 168 CHR 127 79 168 Clamp lever 11 14 Cleaning 115 Clearing margins 63 Combining print modes
144. on the power After a second you will hear a beep and the ON LINE indicator will glow To change the pitch to another press the ON LINE key select the desired pitch and press the ON LINE key again The Print Pitch Panel Mode is now set to the pitch of your choice Similarly with Draft and NLQ turn on the power while holding the MODE key and wait for the ON LINE indicator glow If you want to change the character press the ON LINE key press the MODE key once again to make your choice and press the ON LINE key again Remember that you may select which print mode is the standard one by setting DIP switch 1 2 To select the Italic Panel Mode press the TOF key while turn ing on the power 35 More than one attribute may be set in this way For example if you wish to set both print pitch and print quality press BOTH the PRINT PITCH and MODE keys when turning on the power and after the ON LINE indicator glows make further selections as necessary ADVANCED PANEL FUNCTIONS The printer has the capability to do some basic formatting from the control panel as well as move the platen by precise amounts The following formatting and platen movements may be performed from the control panel Ke Functions On Line amp Paper Feed Forward micro feed On Line amp TOF Reverse micro feed Print Pitch amp TOF of form setting Mode amp TOF Setting of left margin Mode amp Paper Feed Setting of right margin Forw
145. ontal tabs 67 156 157 HT 67 156 IBM mode 42 58 84 122 135 135 147 Immediate print 80 174 175 Indicator draft 9 mode 9 NLQ 9 on line 9 169 paper empty 9 pitch 9 power 9 Initialize printer 23 26 78 175 Ink ribbon cartridge 4 115 Installation programs 21 Interface board 2 5 8 Interface parallel 187 serial 191 International characters 87 122 134 Italic panel mode 34 Italics 28 43 53 133 Key mode 9 34 94 on line 9 18 169 paper feed 9 18 94 print pitch 9 34 TOF 9 34 Left and right margins 35 Lever clamp 72 14 release 10 11 14 55 145 Line feed 55 145 148 Line feed commands 745 Line feed reverse 56 145 Line spacing 56 147 148 Listing programs 38 LLIST 38 Loading paper 10 11 13 Location 7 Lotus 1 2 3 22 31 LPRINT 38 Macro instruction 78 93 165 Macro instruction commands 765 Maintenance 115 Margins left and right 35 66 154 top and bottom 63 92 151 Master print mode 747 Master reset code 23 26 78 175 Micro feed forward 35 reverse 35 Mixing print modes 53 Mode indicators 9 Mode key 9 34 94 NLQ characters 122 NLQ download characters 104 NLQ indicator 9 Near Letter Quality NLQ characters 24 26 33 42 136 Normal density graphics 110 111 161 Normal zero 80 167 Off line 78 169 On line 78 On line indicator 9 On line key 9 18 169 One line expanded print 48 1
146. ontrol codes In addition you can set them manually just like a typewriter by the following procedures l 2 Set the Off Line mode by pressing the On Line key While holding the Mode key press one of the follow ing keys TOF key Left margin set Paper Feed key Right margin set While holding the two keys the print head moves across the page step by step When the print head goes to the position where you want to set margin release the two keys So the printer acknowledges the margin with the sound of beep 4 PRINTING WITH BASIC Subjects covered in Chapter 4 include Listing BASIC programs on the printer e How a program prints things e Control codes escape codes and command syn tax Selecting the right software mode Near letter quality NLQ characters Fixed and proportional character spacing Special printing Printing in italics Underlining Superscripts and subscripts Boldface and emphasized text Mixing print modes To show you how to control your printer from a program we have chosen BASIC because it is easy to learn and easy to use Also more personal computer users program in BASIC than in any other language The rest of this manual will show you a little BASIC just enough for you to use your printer We re not going to try to make you an expert programmer though only get you started There are many excellent books that will teach you BASIC so if you disco
147. ottom margin is automatically set to 1 inch This switch is set on at the factory This switch disables the paper out detector If this switch is on the printer will signal the computer when it runs out of paper and printing will stop If this switch is off the printer will ignore the paper out detector and will continue printing This switch is set on at the factory This switch controls the status of SELECT IN signal of the parallel interface If this switch is on this signal is held to LOW If this switch is off the signal goes HIGH when the printer cannot get data This switch is set on at the factory This switch selects the default character set If this switch is on the default character set is character set 1 If this switch is off the deafult character set is character set 2 If switch 2 5 is on this switch have no effect This switch is set on at the factory When this switch is on the computer must send a line feed command each time to advance the paper When this switch is off the printer will automatical ly advance the paper one line every time it receives a carriage return For example most BASIC s send a line feed with every carriage return in this case this switch should be on This switch is set on at the factory This switch controls the RAM When this switch is on the download character definitions are ignored and the RAM is used as a print buffer When this switch is off the download character definit
148. printer 4 Open the sprocket covers on the right and left sprocket units as shown in Figure 2 7 Clamp lever 1 Figure 2 7 the sprocket covers to expose the sprocket teeth 5 Flip the clamp levers backward This allows the two sprocket units to move freely right and left so you can align them with the holes in the paper 6 Feed the end of the paper into the slot next to the platen cover plate 7 Fitthe holes in the paper over the sprocket pins so the paper is even and clamp the sprocket units in place 8 Check that the paper is still positioned correctly and close the sprocket covers Figure 2 8 9 Set the release lever to the auto feed setting The printer will advance the paper automatically 10 When the paper stops set the release lever for sprocket feed paper again 11 Install the paper guide on the printer See Figure 2 9 for details When used with sprocket feed paper the guide is turned around and laid flat on top of the printer as a paper separator Make sure that the tabs on the guide fit into their receivers 15 Bu Er __ ___ ET Figure 2 8 Close the sprocket covers when the paper is positioned correctly ae Figure 2 9 Ready to load the sprocket feed paper Note the revers ed position of the paper guide 16 ADJUSTING THE PRINT HEAD The distance between the print head and the platen must be adjusted to accommodate papers of d
149. printer on and off is at the back on the left side PLATEN KNOB This knob is at the middle of the right side and lets you turn the platen by hand like a typewriter Caution Turn the platen knob only with the Power switch off Turning the knob with the power on could damage the drive gears RELEASE LEVER The release lever is on top of the printer near the left rear corner It controls how strongly the paper is held against the platen The release lever has four posi tions the top setting is used for inserting paper the next is for single sheets the third is for sprocket feed paper and the bottom one is used when adjusting the paper PAPER BAIL The bail is the movable bar that holds the paper against the platen Its position depends on the setting of the release lever SWITCHES There are one set of ten switches and one set of six switches that are used in interfacing the printer to your particular computer There are also switches to set page length line spacing and perforation skipping See Appendix A for a complete list and explanation SELECTING AND LOADING PAPER Your printer handles two basic types of paper single sheets stationery envelopes multipart business forms etc and con tinuous paper fan fold perforated paper The release lever controls the pressure of the paper against the platen It has four settings a The top setting is used when you want to load paper in the printer 11 la
150. r the character e g LPRINT CHR 87 Many of printer commands end with a 1 or 0 When shown as in the above example i e no quotes and no CHR you can use either ASCII code 1 i e CHR 1 or the character 1 which is ASCII code 49 The same principle applies to com mands ending with 0 So for our example above any of these BASIC statements will have the same result LPRINT CHRS 27 W CHRS 1 LPRINT CHRS 27 W CHRS 49 LPRINT 27 W1 Even though there are many commands that require the use of ASCII code 0 the NUL character the number 0 zero or ASCII code 48 cannot be substituted In these cases instead of an unadorned 0 we will show CHR 0 each time these com mands are referenced That s it for the basics You are now ready to learn how to use the many features of your printer Selecting the right software mode For this printer to correctly respond to control codes you 42 must make sure that you ve set the switches properly The rest of this manual discuss the various control codes to control this printer You ll find that many features have dif ferent codes for either the Standard mode or the IBM mode The Standard Mode emulates the Epson FX 85 printer The IBM Mode emulates the IBM Graphics printer You can select one of these modes by setting DIP switch 2 5 For details please refer to Appendix A SOME SPECIAL KINDS OF TEXT If you looked
151. rol codes for the macro one to define it and one to use it They are given in the Table 6 9 Table 6 9 Macro instruction commands ESC codes you include Define macro CHR 30 Use macro ESC CHR 1 To see how this works we can build a macro that will reset the printing style to normal no matter what style it may be to start with The following program will define a macro to do this 10 LPRINT CHRS 27 Start macro 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 h CHRS O Big character off LPRINT CHRS 27 CHRS 0 Select normal pica 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 T Super amp subscripts off 50 LPRINT CHRS 27 a CHRS 0 Left aligned printing 60 LPRINT CHRS 30 end macro definition As the comments in the program shown we started to define the macro in line 10 Line 20 cancels big character printing Line 30 sets normal pica and this command also cancels propor tional pitch condensed print expanded print boldface em phasized italics and underlining Line 40 cancels superscripts and subscripts and line 50 sets left justified printing Then line 60 ends the macro definition This printer will remember this macro until the power is turned off or until a new macro is defin ed macro can hold up to 16 bytes characters of information The one that we defined contains eleven Now that you have defined a macro let s see how to use it 94 This program will print one line
152. s 100 LPRINT I CHRS 27 CHRS I CHRS Z27 7 CHRS 9 4 EE EE Sk o gon LiG X21 3 LA 155 EB DX 4 3 3 pry LAS x 146 VT DO id 15351 th uu y S i boo imo d 196 f 157 ius B r 150 161 i el 6 E p 155 a 67 1 1 Ere 1717 yoi I pA Figure 6 1 Character set 2 86 So how are all of these characters used Here is a program that demonstrate how the graphics characters can be combined to create a figure the 5 of clubs 10 LPRINT CHRS 27 6 20 LPRINT CHRS 218 CHR 196 CHRS 196 CHR 196 CHRS 196 CHRS 196 CHR 191 30 LPRINT CHR 179 CHR 53 CHR 32 CHR 32 CHRS 32 CHR 32 CHRS 179 40 LPRINT CHR 179 32 CHRS 5 CHRS 32 CHRS 5 32 CHRS 179 50 LPRINT CHR 179 CHRS 32 CHRS 32 5 CHRS 32 CHRS 32 CHR 179 60 LPRINT 179 CHRS 32 5 CHRS 32 CHRS 5 CHR 32 179 70 LPRINT 179 32 CHRS 32 CHRS 32 CHRS 32 CHRS 53 CHR 179 80 LPRINT CHR 192 CHRS S 196 CHRS 196 CHR 196 CHRS 196 CHRS 196 CHRS 217 90 LPRINT CHRS 27 7 If you have a 7 bit interface add the following lines to the pro gram given above 15 LPRINT CHRS 27 gt 95 LPRINT CHRS 27 z In this program l
153. s and lines per inch in the ruler line of your document The pitch settings however should be adjusted to obtain maximum use They will be discussed later in this chapter 3 Print settings in the System Parameter function which are either default or new settings edited by you You can also redefine the print functions of EasyWriter II to take advantage of many of the printing capabilities of your printer You may already be familiar with reconfiguring the printer driver from Appendix B of your EasyWriter User s Manual If not don t be nervous it s not as hard as it sounds We wil show you how to make changes in your program specifically to help you print with this printer By changing the pitch settings you can use the document ruler line to print pica elite and condensed width pitches In ad dition you can use a similar method to print in near letter quali ty The print control codes can be redefined to enhance the final product of your document The boldface underline superscript and subscript functions require only a slight recoding of infor mation in the printer driver And we have some suggestions for changing the characteristics of the other print control codes to use italic expanded emphasized and italic underline print With these options you will have even more flexibility printing with this printer Redefining pitch settings and print control codes In order to change the settings used in the document ruler l
154. s data to the printer on the 20m current loop The printer turns this pin ON when it is ready to receive data Unused This pin is the return path for data transmitted to the printer on the 20mA current loop TTY TXD JOUT This pin carries data from the printer on the 20mA current loop RXD This pn carries data to the printer on the 20m current loop 193 2 DIP switch on serial board Table G 3 Handshaking protocols Switch3 Switch 4 ON ON Protocol ACK mode XON XOFF mode ON Table G 4 Data transfer rates THE SERIAL PROTOCOLS This printer has four serial protocols selected by DIP switches 3 and 4 Figure G 1 shows a typical byte of serial data and Figure G 2 shows timing charts for the 4 protocols Serial busy protocols In the serial busy protocols this printer uses DTR pin 20 and RCH pin 11 to signal to the computer when it is able to accept 194 data These two pins go ON when the printer is ready to accept data In the 1 byte mode they go OFF after each character is received In the 1 block mode they only go OFF when the printer s buffer approaches capacity In both cases they will stay OFF if the buffer is too full to accept more data B XON XOFF protocol The XON XOFF protocol uses the ASCII characters DC1 and DC3 sometimes called XON and XOFF respectively to communicate with the computer When th
155. s program The results will look like this This iine is BOLDFACE printing This line is BOLDFACE and EMPHASIZED This line is EMPHASIZED printing This iine is normal printing Line 20 turns on boldface with ESC and line 30 prints a line of text In line 40 emphasized is turned on with ESC Line 50 prints a line of text in boldface and emphasized Line 60 then turns boldface off with ESC H so that line 70 can print in emphasized only Finally line 80 turns emphasized off so your printer is set for normal printing Look closeiy at the different lines of printing In the line of boldface printing each character has been printed twice and the paper was moved up slightly the second time they were printed In emphasized printing the characters are moved slightly to the right the second time the printer prints The second line combin ed both of these so that each character was printed 4 times MIXING PRINT MODES We have learned how to use the various print modes in dividually and together Now we ll see how to combine them more efficiently You have at your disposal a unique command that lets you choose any valid combination of print modes and pitch This is the Master Print mode command It looks like this ESC P n 53 Here the value of n defines the print style to be selected The value of 2 can range from 0 to 255 which is the range of values that can be stored in one eight bit byte I
156. s to connect it to your computer as follows Figure 2 12 Connect the cable like this 19 Make sure that both your computer and printer are turned off Connect the printer end of the interface cable to the connector socket at the right rear of the printer as shown in Figure 2 12 Connect the other end of the cable to your computer as described in the computer manual 20 3 USING THE PRINTER WITH COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE Subjects covered in Chapter 3 include Using commercial software e Controlling the printer with the Panel mode USING COMMERCIAL SOFTWARE Many of you purchased this printer to use with commercial software You made a good choice because this printer is com patible with most commercial programs from word processing programs to spreadsheet programs to accounting programs Many of these programs have a routine for describing your printer These routines are often in installation programs They typically give you a choice of printers or printer types to pick from Some typical descriptions that you might pick for this printer are TTY type printer with backspace IBM dot matrix printer Centronics type printer Dot matrix ASCII printer or Epson FX series This printer should work fine with any of these descriptions Some printer lists are not very clear and may not include anything that you think describes this
157. stance the paper advances or reverses during all subsequent line feeds to 2 72 inch This command must be used in conjunction with ESC 2 which activates the ESC A definition The value of n must be between 1 and 255 Chapter 5 148 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Sets line spacing to 1 6 inch or Uses ESC A definition ESC 27 50 1 32 This command works in two different functions depending on the setting of DIP switch 2 5 When the DIP switch 2 5 is set on this command sets the actual distance the paper advances or reverses during all subsequent line feeds to 1 6 inch When the DIP switch 2 5 is set off this command activates the line spacing defin ed in the ESC command If the ESC A command has not been defin ed the line spacing is changed to 1 6 inch Chapter 5 Sends a one time paper feed of n 216 inch ESC e ge n 27 74 n 1B 4A This command causes the printer to ad vance the paper 7 216 inch It does not change the current value of line spacing and it does not cause a carriage return The value of must be between 1 and 255 Chapter 5 149 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCIT hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Sends a one time reverse feed of n 216 inch ESC n 27
158. t Un Enter the italic codes for lines 51 66 27 52 27 45 1 27 53 27 45 0 61 Normal to Special 62 Special to Normal 51 Normal to Bold 27 71 j 52 Bold to Normal 27 72 53 Normal to Shadow 27 52 54 Shadow to Normal 27 53 55 Normal to Underline 27 45 1 56 Underline to Normal 27 45 0 57 Normal to Double 27 87 1 58 Double to Normal 27 87 0 59 Normal to Overstrike 27 69 60 Overstrike to Normal 27 70 63 Normal to Subscript 27 83 1 64 Subscript to Normal 27 84 J 65 Normal to Superscript 27 83 0 66 Superscript to Normal 27 84 When you have finished press RETURN You re done You will be transferred out of the Reconfigure Type B Printer func tion and back to the System Functions Menu A sample printout with EasyWriter Let s look at a short example to demonstrate how pitch set tings and print control keys can be used in a document The ex 29 ample below shows the use of expanded and italic prints used in combination with condensed and pica pitch settings Use your EasyWriter II program hands on and type the example below SUBJECT ORDERING STATIONERY SUPPLIES would like to place an order for stationery supplies from your mail order catalog Enclosed is my order form and a check for 247 67 Please process this order as soon as possible Thank you With the cursor under the S in SUBJECT set the print pitch i
159. t double speed The values of n1 and n2 are the same as in normal density graphics The correct number of graphics data bytes m1 m2 etc must follow 22 The ASCII values of these bytes determine which pins are fired for each character Chapter 7 Prints quadruple density graphics ESC 2 nl n2 ml m2 27 90 nl n2 ml m2 1B 5A nl n2 ml m2 This command selects 240 dots per inch column scan bit image graphics mode The values of n1 and n2 are the same as in normal density graphics The correct number of graphics data bytes m1 m2 etc must follow n2 The ASCII values of these bytes determine which pins are fired for each character Chapter 7 163 PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCID hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Selects graphics modes ESC nl n2 ml m2 21 42 nl n2 ml m2 1B 2A 20 nl n2 ml m2 This command selects one seven possi ble graphics modes depending on the value of n0 The values of n1 and n2 are the same as normal density graphics mode The correct number of graphics data bytes m1 m2 etc must follow n2 The ASCII values of these bytes deter mine which pins are fired for each character The value of n0 and its related graphics modes are shown below n Graphics mode 0 Normal density 60 dots per inch 1 Double density 120 dots per inch 2 Double density at double speed 120 dots per inch 3 Quadruple density 240 dots per inch 4 Se
160. t their action is a little confusing especially with BASIC Let s begin with the carriage return Each time the printer receives a CHR 13 it returns the print head to the left margin It does not advance the paper if DIP switch 1 8 is on see below 56 Line feed is more complicated Each time the printer receives a CHR 10 it both advances the paper one line and returns the print head to the left margin ready to start a new line Now to add a ittle confusion most but not all versions of BASIC add a line feed CHR 10 to every carriage return CHR 13 they receive If your version of BASIC doesn t do this then you should turn DIP switch 1 8 off so that your printer will add the line feed for you When you have DIP switch 1 8 off the printer will do the same thing when it receives a carriage return as it does when it receives a line feed If you find that your printer double spaces when it should single space then you probably need to turn DIP switch 1 8 on Reverse line feeds Your printer can move the paper up or down The unique trac tor design allows the paper to be fed in either direction without jamming This allows you to move around the page at will You can use this feature to print several columns of text side by side or to print a graph and then move back up and insert descriptive legends As you experiment you re bound to come up with more uses The simplest form of reverse paper feeding is a reverse
161. tain posi tion several times in a document It s not much fun to type in space after space You don t have to you can tab your way across the page Your printer s tabs are like those on a typewriter but much more powerful You have both horizontal and vertical tabs which can be used for both text and graphics and they re real ly handy for indenting paragraphs and making tables Horizontal tabs Horizontal tabs are set automatically every eight positions To move the print head to the next tab position send CHR 9 Try this program to see how the default tabs work 10 Demo of horizontal tabbing 20 LPRINT ONE CHRS 9 TWO CHRS 9 THREE CHRS 9 FOUR Here s what you should get ONE TWO THREE FOUR Even though the words are different length they are spaced out evenly by the horizontal tabs Now add the following line to your program to set different horizontal tabs 68 15 LPRINT 27 D HRS 7 CHR 14 CHRS 21 CHRS 0 ESC D is the command to begin setting horizontal tabs It must be followed by characters representing the positions where you want the tabs set In our program we are setting tabs in columns 7 14 and 21 The final CHR 0 ends the string of tabs In fact any character that is not greater than the provious one will stop setting tabs This means that you must put all your tab values in order from least to greatest or they won t all get set When you ru
162. tandards peo ple realized that eventually more control codes would be need ed so they included the escape ESC code to allow almost any number of additional codes to be defined when they became necessary ESC allows us to escape from the ordinary set of control codes so we can specify additional functions and other informa tion needed for a printer function In this manual we ll write the ESC code inside broken brackets like this ESC ESC decimal 27 is always followed by at least one other number it is never used alone The whole series of related 41 numbers is called an escape sequence A note on command syntax Because the readers of this manual will be running such a wide variety of applications on so many different computers we can t show the exact way of sending codes to the printer for each one of them Instead as we introduce you to each new com mand we will show the commands as in this example ESC W 1 This command turns on expanded printing ESC as we mentioned earlier is the escape code which is ASCII code 27 A letter or number in quotes such as the W above means that the character should be sent to the printer but without the quotes In our example you should send a capital W following the escape code In BASIC you could do this in a couple of ways by sending the character itself e g LPRINT W or by using the CHR function to send the ASCII code fo
163. te If you have not read the General Concepts section in this chapter you should do so before continuing This printer supports many of the standard WordStar print ing capabilities without requiring any changes You can Print documents from the No File Menu 2 Use dot commands except for lines per inch and characters per inch 3 Print boldface underline double strike strikeout superscript and subscript characters as well as use print pause 31 4 Select and print variable information for merge letters etc User defined print commands There are several CONTROL P commands that automatically work with this printer and require no changes They include PS Underscore Boldface _PD Double strike PX Strikeout PT Superscript PV Subscript PC Print Pause It is also possible to define the alternate pitch command to change the print pitch of your document The WordStar User s Manual fully describes the use of these P functions You should refer to your manual if you need help with them There are four alternate P codes that can be defined during the installation of your WordStar program to perform other printer functions They are PQ PW PE and PR The pro cess of defining P commands is called patching and is a fair ly complicated process Once you have successfully defined these codes they are inserted in your text exactly like other P com mands If you wish to use them re
164. th to n inches ESC 0 n 27 67 0 n 1B 43 00 m This command sets the length of all subsequent pages to n inches The value of 1 must be between 1 and 22 You can select a power on default form length of 11 inches or 12 inches by setting DIP switch 1 1 This command 1 ignored when the optional automatic sheet feeder is installed Chapter 5 Sets page length to n lines ESC n 27 67 n 1B 43 n This command sets the length of all subsequent pages to lines The value of must be between 1 and 255 This com mand is ignored when the optional automatic sheet feeder is installed Chapter 5 151 Top Bottom margins and vertical tabs PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCIT hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE PURPOSE CODE decimal ASCII hex ASCII REMARKS SEE Sets the top margin ESC Spa n 27 114 n 1B 72 n This command sets the top margin to n lines Printing begins on the 1 th line on the page This command is ignored when the optional automatic sheet feeder is installed The value of must be between 1 and 255 Chapter 5 Sets the bottom margin ESC 27 78 1 4 n This command sets the bottom margin to lines The printer will generate a form feed whenever there are lines left on the page This command is ignored when the optional automatic sheet feeder is installed The
165. to its power source usually a wall outlet It s located at the left rear of the printer PRINT HEAD This is the device that does the actual print ing Like the strike lever in a typewriter tiny pins in the print head hit the paper through a ribbon TRACTOR FEED UNIT The drive gear and sprockets of the tractor feed unit move sprocket feed paper through the printer PLATEN This is the rubber cylinder that carries paper to the print head Interface cover Power cord Power switch MEME Figure 2 1 Front and rear views of the printer INTERFACE COVER On the back of the printer this cover conceals and protects the interface board The cover is cut away to expose the external connector to which you attach your computer cable Controls and indicators Now let s go over the controls and indicators of the printer starting with the control panel on the right There are nine in dicators and five keys on the control panel MUN cnr EN f Figure 2 2 control panel POWER INDICATOR Glows green when the power is on PE INDICATOR Stands for Empty and glows red when the printer runs out of paper and when certain printer malfunctions occur MODE INDICATORS Either DRAFT or NLQ glows green to indicate the mode set by the Mode key or the DIP switch MODE KEY Changes the print mode every time it is press ed when tke
166. ually moves vary with the print pitch you are using as shown in Table 5 9 Try this program to see how this works 10 Demo ot absolute horizontal tabs 20 FOR iz60 IO 70 STEP 2 a0 LPRINT 1 40 LPRINT CHiRS 27 S CHRSCI CHRSQQ SQ LERINT Horizontal fab v4 NEXT 70 UND In this program the print head is positioned before the H in Horizontal is printed Hor izenta Hori The relative horizontal tab command can move the print head right from the current position The formula for calculating how much the print head moves is the same as in the absolute horizontal tab command However the units by which the print head actually moves vary with the print pitch you are using as shown in Table 5 9 70 Table 5 9 Units of motion for the absolute and relative horizontal tab commands Try this program to see how this works 10 Demo of relative horizontal tabs 20 FOR 1 1 TO 3 30 LPRINT Relative 40 LPRINT CHRS 27 N CHRS I 20 CHRS 0 50 LPRINT Horizontal 60 LPRINT CHRS 27 N CHRS I 10 CHRS 0 70 LPRINT Tab 80 NEXT I 90 END Vertical tabs Vertical tabs have the same kinds of uses that horizontal tabs do they just work in the other direction Horizontal tabs allow you to reach a specific column on the page no matter where you start from Vertical tabs are the same If you have a vertical tab set at line 20 a vertical tab or VT will move
167. ur example We decided that our flask will not be a descender printing below the baseline of standard characters so a figure 1 is written next to Descender on the grid If your character is a descender write a 0 next to Descender Next we calculate the vertical numerical values of the columns of dots and enter them underneath the grid For example look ing at Figure 7 4 we see that in the left most column there is only one dot and it is sitting in the 2 box Thus its vertical value is 2 In the next column there is a dot straddling the ver tical line in the 1 box and another in the 4 box its value is recorded as 5 100 L let take xeu ne 128 ASCII Code 5 u 7 64 Descender 4 32 Star column 4 End column E ET 4 8 Descender 128 Start 16 End EET T 4 i d 4 2 i MEN po E i mu _ m m m m m m m m m m m Total E E Figure 7 3 Use this grid or one similar to it to define your own draft characters 128 ASCII Code Descender 32 o Start column End coiumn T E 8 Descender 128 Start 161 End M m m m m m m m 2 8 HIW 5 244 Ff 2 Figure 7 4 Add the values of the dots in each column and write the sum of each column at
168. ver that you like to program you should have no trou ble learning more about it SOME BASICS OF BASIC First steps The first things that a beginner learns to do are to list a pro gram and to print a character string Certainly these are the 38 easiest operations one can do but even they may depend on what computer you have In Microsoft BASIC we can list all the steps in a program by entering LIST This lists them on the CRT screen if we want to print them on a printer we prefix the command with an L enter LLIST The Microsoft BASIC command for outputting information is PRINT Like the LIST command this displays the information on the CRT screen so we have to add L gt LPRINT if we want to use the printer Just put whatever you want to print be tween quotes and after LPRINT anything enclosed in quotes is called a character string For example we would use LPRINT Hello to output Hello to the printer We ll see later how to LPRINT more than just character strings We started with Microsoft BASIC because it is the most wide ly used version of BASIC The programs in this manual are writ ten in Microsoft BASIC so they should run on most computers But if strange things happen when you try to run a program check the BASIC manual that came with your computer Let s consider Apple II computers for a minute These popular computers use their own brand of BASIC To use an Apple II enter the following
169. witch settings at the moment the power is turned on Turn off power to both the computer and the printer when changing settings and turn on again to use the new settings Table A 1 shows a summary of DIP switch functions Table A 1 DIP switch settings 12 inch page length NLQ characters Print slash zero Set bottom margin to 1 inch Paper out not detected Character set 2 Auto LF with CR Ignore download characters Enable download characters International character set selection see Table A 2 Set standard mode Set IBM mode Not used SWITCH FUNCTIONS Switch Function 1 1 This switch sets the default page length If this switch is on the default page length is 11 inches If this switch is off the default page length is 12 inches This switch is set on at the factory 123 1 2 1 4 1 5 1 6 2 1 This switch selects the default character style If this switch is on the default character style is nor mal draft characters If this switch is off the default character style is Near Letter Quality NLQ characters This switch is set on at the factory This switch selects the print style of zeroes If this switch is on normal zeroes are printed If this switch is off slashed zeroes are printed This switch is set on at the factory This switch determines the default bottom margin When this switch is on the bottom margin is not set at power on When this switch is off the b
170. wo sections of the cartridge together See Figure 8 1 2 After opening the cartridge take a moment to notice how the ribbon is threaded Then press a finger against the idler gear holder it is held in position by spring pressure and make enough space to remove the ribbon from between the two gears See Figure 8 2 3 Clean the inside of the cartridge especially around the vicinity of the two gears Figure 8 1 Unhook tabs to pry open the cartridge 117 Figure 8 2 Replace the ribbon sub cassette 4 Take the new ribbon and holder out of the wrapper remove the adhesive tape on the joint on the holder and place it into the cassette as shown in Figure 8 2 5 Pullsufficient ribbon out of the holder and thread it as shown in Figure 8 3 Be careful that the half twist in the ribbon is positioned in the right hand section of the ribbon cartridge between the two guide posts Make sure that no twists occur anywhere else 6 Again press on the idler gear holder and thread the rib bon between both gears 7 Remove the top and bottom of the ribbon holder and replace the cartridge top cover Snap all tabs back into place 8 When you ve completed the installation remount the cartridge to the printer Notice that you should replace the whole cartridge after replacing the ribbon five times 118 Figure 8 3 Make sure that the ribbon is not twisted when you thre
171. ypical of many computer checks The following program will do it NEW 10 Demo of variable form lengths 20 LPRINT CHRS 27 C CHR 0 CHRS 7 30 LPRINT PAY TO THE ORDER OF 40 LPRINT CHRS 12 50 LPRINT PAY TO THE ORDER OF 60 END This program should print PAY TO THE ORDER OF twice and they should be 7 inches apart Line 20 sets the form length to 7 inches After line 30 prints line 40 sends a form feed advance the paper to the top of the next form Line 50 then prints its message After you have run this program turn off the printer and ad just the top of form position When you turn the printer back on the page length will reset to its normal setting usually 11 inches 63 TOP AND BOTTOM MARGINS Some programs don t keep track of where they are printing on the page This causes problems when you get to the bottom of a page because these programs just keep on printing right over the perforation This makes it very hard to read especially if a line happens to fall right on the perforation The printer has a solution to this predicament This printer can keep track of the position on the page and advance the paper so that you won t print too near the perforation There are two commands to do this One controls the space at the top of the page top margin and the other controls the space at the bot tom of the page bottom margin The control codes are given in the following table Table 5

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