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Quantum Travan 20 SCSI User's Manual

1. e Read While Write RWW tape head e Hardware data compression e Larger 2 Mbyte DRAM buffer Block diagrams The electronics of the SCSI minicartridge drive are laid out on one main printed circuit board PCB e Figure 7 1a and 7 1b are simplified block diagrams of the standard and NS drives respectively STT20000N Product Manual Page 51 Chapter 7 Theory of operations Figure 7 1a Simplified block diagram of the STT20000N 40MHz CRYSTAL SCSI INTERFACE CONTROL STEPPER MOTOR MOTOR CAPSTAN CONTROLLER MOTOR SENSORS DIGITAL Figure 7 1b Simplified Block Diagram of the STT20000N C Drive 40MHz CRYSTAL DIGITAL CONTROL ASIC SCSI INTERFACE MOTOR CAPSTAN CONTROLLER E TI motor AL DC HW DATA COMPRESSION SENSORS Page 52 STT20000A Product Manual Theory of operations Mechanics Chapter 7 The mechanical package for the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive was designed to provide all the advantages of easy cartridge loading and unloading while maintaining the positioning accuracy necessary for high density data recording The orientation of the cartridge is the same as the majority of QIC minicartridge drives in the field Cartridge load mechanism The cartridge is inserted in the drive by sliding it through the aperture in the bezel and into a tray mechanism When fully inserted the back portion of the cartridge protrudes about 3 4 inch from the aperture A switch is actuated at this point that
2. 100 mV Power use 15 Watts 15 Watts nominal excluding surge excluding surge The following table lists pin assignments for the power connector for the drive Pin Assignment 1 12 VDC 2 12 return 3 5 return 4 5 VDC STT20000N Product Manual Page 11 Chapter 2 Specifications Drive performance specifications The following table lists the performance specifications for the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive Feature Specification Capacity 10 0 gigabytes 1650 Oe 740 Travan cartridge uncompressed 20 0 gigabytes 1650 Oe 740 Travan cartridge compressed Effective backup rate up to 60 Mbyte min typical native up to 120 Mbyte min typical compressed Data transfer rate 489 733 1 000 Kbyte second FastSense Tape speed Read Write 46 70 or 94 ips Search Rewind 90 ips maximum Recording method Serpentine Recording format QIC 3220 MC Recording code 1 7 RLL Error recovery Reed Solomon ECC Recording unrecoverable Less than 1 in 1015 data bits errors Head configuration Wide write narrow read Recording media 1650 Oe 740 Travan TR 5 Cartridge size 3 2 in x 2 4 in x 0 4 in 81 mm x 61 mm Data density 100 400 bpi Tracks 108 data tracks one 1 directory track Synchronous transfer 5 Mbytes second maximum rate burst Asynchronous transfer 5 Mbytes second maximum rate burst Page 12 STT20000A Product Manual Specifications Chapter 2 Environmental requirements The following table lists the environme
3. Table of Contents Page vii Table of Contents Notes Page viii STT20000A Product Manual Introduction Chapter 1 Introduction 1 Drive overview The Seagate internal STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive extends the Seagate family of one inch high DC2000 drives that feature high performance high reliability and quiet operation The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive transfers data at up to 60 megabytes per minute Mbtyes min without data compression With optimal system resources available and with compressible data structures nominal transfer rates of up to 120 Mbytes min can be observed using software data compression assumes 2 1 compression ratio An additional feature of the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive is an option for Read While Write and Hardware data Compression These features are available on the NS series STT20000N C Highlights of these features are contained in various parts of this Product Description Manual Optimal system resources include but are not limited to e Allocating the maximum amount of the base 640 Kbyte memory available e Notusing a memory manager program Note During backup tasks screen savers can have a negative affect on transfer rates Data compression is available within the Seagate Backup Exec software package for DOS and Windows and typically provides for a 2 1 compression ratio The compression ratio is dependent on the specific system and the nature of the files being compres
4. Drive The ALDC decompression algorithm value is 0001h This is a non changeable field STT20000A Product Manual Tape format Chapter 6 Tape format 6 Introduction The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive conforms to the QIC 3220 MC recording format standard This format is for streaming magnetic tape in a minicartridge that is to be used for information interchange among information processing systems communication systems and associated equipment This chapter provides an overview of the tape format used by the SCSI Minicartridge drive Tape partitioning The drive uses factory pre written Travan TR 5 or Travan NS 20 media The tape is always divided into two partitions e Partition 1 is the directory partition and is recorded on the Directory track only e Partition 0 contains the data tracks 0 through 107 and is recorded on all tracks except the Directory track Recording data at 100 400 bits per inch BPI the drive can store 10 0 Gbyte on the data partition of 740 foot long 0 315 inch 8 0 mm wide Travan TR 5 tape Using data compression this capacity is up to twice the native storage capacity The recording format and partitioning support Quick File Access QFA Track positions The centermost track is called the Directory Track and has larger guard bands on both sides of it to allow it to be written without interfering with its adjacent tracks Track zero is the track immediately below the Directory Trac
5. causes a microprocessor to complete the loading operation When the tape is in motion the amber LED on the front panel flashes The LED is not lit when the tape is positioned at BOT Capstan drive motor assembly Chassis Control circuits In the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive the cartridge is driven by the capstan belt motor assembly which is on a linear slide The cartridge is loaded against the cartridge drive roller which exerts a net radial dynamic force of 18 to 26 ounces The motor is a brushless DC drive motor with integral capstan which is designed to provide maximum reliability The motor operates from the 12V nominal supply and moves the tape at speeds from 35 to 100 inches per second IPS The drive mechanism is mounted in a molded frame that provides the mounting holes for the industry standard 3 5 inch by one inch form factor A 5 25 inch mounting kit is an available option The bezel is a simple snap on design that is available in several standard and custom colors The front panel LED is amber and indicates tape activity The control logic module shown in Figure 7 1 includes a buffer manager to handle data movement between the SCSI controller the buffer and the tape formatter This module also includes logic to perform ECC and CRC generation and testing WRITE READ data formatting head stepper control and drive motor control The microprocessor directs all functions performed by the control logic The instruct
6. e Supports third party reservation e Log Sense and Log Select for managing soft errors reporting SCSI Interface SCSI 2 commands Change Definition Receive Diagnostic Results Erase Release Unit Inquiry Request Block Address Load Unload Request Sense Locate Reserve Unit Log Select Rewind Log Sense Seek Block Mode Select Send Diagnostic Mode Sense Space Partition Test Unit Ready Prevent Allow Media Verify Removal Read Write STT20000A Product Manual SCSI Interface Chapter 5 Read Block Limits Write Data Buffer Read Data Buffer Write Filemarks Read Position SCSI 2 messages Save Data Pointer Linked Command Complete Disconnect Linked Command Complete with flag Message Reject Initiator Detected Error Identify Synchronous Data Transfer Request Abort Message Parity Error Bus Device Reset Command Complete No Operation SCSI 2 vendor unique commands e Seek Block e Partition e Request Block Address STT20000N Product Manual Page 41 Chapter 5 SCSI Interface Command set changes to Incorporate RWW and HDC Page 42 The following changes have been implemented in both the SCSI and ATAPI command sets to support of Read While Write and hardware data compression Included are methods for detecting the presence of each feature Read While Write Log Sense Write Error Counts page code 02h Log Sense page code 02h Write Error Counts has been added to the Seagate tape drives that have read while write R
7. Equal to the physical beginning of the tape Beginning of Tape BOT Equal to the logical beginning of the tape Bezel Front panel of a drive Bit A single digit in the binary numbering system Bit Error Rate The number of errors divided by the total number of bits written or read Block A group of 512 consecutive data bytes plus additional control bytes recorded as a unit BOP Beginning of Partition The position at the beginning of the permissible recording region of a partition BOT marker The beginning of tape BOT marker is a set of two holes punched side by side in the tape Byte A group of 8 binary bits operated on as a unit Cancelmark A negative Filemark or Setmark When a Cancelmark follows as the first block in the next frame after a Filemark or Setmark the drive when reading the tape will logically ignore the Cancelmark and the Filemark or Setmark it cancels Cartridge An enclosure containing magnetic tape wound on two coplanar hubs Control field A group of 8 bytes recorded before the data area in each block containing information about clock address track address and block type Cyclic Redundancy Check CRC A group of 4 bytes recorded at the end of each block of data for the purpose of error detection Data block A block containing user valid data in its data field Data Compression The process of removing redundant data from a data stream before recording the data to tape Compressed data re
8. V Volt W Watt Page 62 STT20000A Product Manual
9. computer and tape drive Reed Solomon ECC error correction code with un correctable error rate of less than 1 in 10 bits Flash EEPROM to enable electrically upgradable drive firmware Custom Seagate designed LSI circuitry to reduce component count and boost drive reliability Low power consumption less than 15 0 Watts typical for internal drives Extensive set of motion commands that enables the drive to support either streaming or file oriented dump and restore modes Compatibility with a wide range of PCs STT20000A Product Manual Introduction Chapter 1 Typical system configurations The SCSI standard supports up to eight SCSI addresses or IDs These IDs refer to host adapters or peripheral devices such as printers magnetic disks or tape drives The eight devices or hosts are daisy chained together Figure 1 3 shows sample configurations of SCSI systems Figure 1 3 SCSI system sample configurations COMPUTER HOST SCSI BUS SCSI BUS SYSTEM ADAPTER COMPUTER HOST SYSTEM ADAPTER SINGLE INITIATOR SINGLE TARGET MAGNETIC PRINTER or OPTICAL DISK MAGNETIC DISC PRINTER or OPTICAL DISK MAGNETIC DISC PRINTER or OPTICAL DISK COMPUTER HOST SCSI BUS SYSTEM ADAPTER MAGNETIC DISC TI COMPUTER SYSTEM ISC PRINTER or OPTICAL DISK SINGLE INITIATOR MULTIPLE TARGET MULTIPLE INITIATOR MULTIPLE TARGET Minicartridge technology overview Having evo
10. e EOD blocks are absolute indicators of the end of recorded data e ECC blocks contain error correction parity bytes that are used to ensure data integrity during read operations e Track ID blocks are recorded as part of the pre formatting process of the cartridge Tape reference servo pattern To increase track density a track servo reference pattern is prerecorded on the tape at the factory The pattern is recorded referenced to servo patterns in the region between the beginning of tape BOT hole and the load point market LP hole The same pattern is recorded between the end of tape EOT hole and the early warning EW hole The servo pattern is written across the entire width of the tape Page 48 STT20000A Product Manual Tape format Chapter 6 Write equalization Randomization STT20000N Product Manual The drive uses the technique of write equalization Write equalization inserts short pulses in the write current to break up the long spacing intervals These pulses are too short to be detected in the read process but result in significant improvement in read back resolution On 1650 Oersted media write equalization provides the benefit of compatibility with Magneto Resistive MR heads MR heads are prone to saturation by low frequency flux with high energy content Equalization redistributes this energy to higher frequencies and eliminates the problem To reduce problems resulting from long strings of repetitive dat
11. for UL and CSA and Safety Extra Low Voltage for BSI and VDE if applicable STT20000N Product Manual Page 15 Chapter 2 Specifications Notes Page 16 STT20000A Product Manual Installation Chapter 3 Installation 3 Introduction This chapter tells you how to install the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive The following paragraphs briefly outline the organization of this chapter e The following section Before You Begin contains general information that you should read before you begin the installation e Installing the Internal Drive lists guidelines for handling the internal drive describes the cabling and connectors explains how to configure the drive and provides directions for mounting the drive unit Handling guidelines Because the drive unit can be damaged by electrostatic discharge an electrostatic grounding strap is recommended This strap prevents an electrostatic discharge from damaging the electronic components on the board or in the drive unit If you do not have an electrostatic grounding strap perform the installation at a static safe workstation If one is not available follow these guidelines as you install the interface card and drive unit e Work in an uncarpeted area e To protect the drive and interface card from static electricity DO NOT remove either the drive or the card from its anti static bag until you are ready to install it e Before you remove the drive or card from the anti static bag
12. the next block of data If the data fails the data block is deemed bad and is re written The drive will only allow the data to be re written 16 times before aborting the write and posting an error to the host ALDC data compression The STT20000N C version of the drive also provides hardware data compression This feature is enabled at power on and can be enabled or disabled through specific SCSI commands The data compression ASIC implements the ALDC compression algorithm A larger DRAM buffer is added to facilitate data compression During writes uncompressed data is transfer to the drive from the host and is stored in the DRAM buffer The data is then transferred to the compression ASIC where it is compressed and returned to the DRAM buffer ECC is then applied to the compressed data and written to tape in the method discussed in Section 6 Tape Format During reads the process is reversed the data is read into the DRAM buffer The compressed data is then sent to the compression ASIC where it is decompressed and returned to the DRAM buffer The drive then returns the uncompressed data back to the host Page 56 STT20000A Product Manual Glossary Appendix A Glossary A Azimuth The angular deviation in minutes of arc of the mean flux transition line from the line normal to the tape reference edge Backup Copy of a file or collection of files on fixed disk diskette or tape Ensures against data loss Beginning of Media BOM
13. CSI minicartridge drive uses flash EEPROM Flash EEPROM enables you to download new firmware when revisions to firmware are released Firmware revisions are released on specially encoded cartridges that are automatically recognized by these drives These firmware revisions are available for qualified OEMs only from Seagate Technology To load a firmware upgrade tape follow these steps 1 Power on the host system and the STT20000 drive Allow the system boot up process to reach the point where there is no SCSI bus activity STT20000N Product Manual Page 29 Chapter 4 Drive operation and maintenance Place the firmware upgrade cartridge record switch to the nonrecord position Insert the firmware upgrade cartridge in the drive and observe the amber LED light on the front of the drive Once the upgrade cartridge is inserted tape motion begins The drive LED flashes on and off Approximately 15 seconds later tape motion stops and the LED continues to flash The LED flashes on and off at a steady rate as the firmware upgrade continues Approximately 45 seconds later the drive resets internally and the tape moves back and forth then stops The LED light will go off and remain off Double check that the LED remains off Make sure that there is not further tape motion Remove the upgrade cartridge The firmware is now upgraded to the new revision The drive is operational and the new firmware is active Turning power off at this time
14. I cabling and connector information Note Refer to the SCSI Minicartridge Drive SCSI Manual P N 10001652 002 for detailed information about the SCSI interfaces That manual includes an alphabetically arranged summary of the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive SCSI commands SCSI 1 interface The SCSI 1 interface for the drive complies with the ANSI Standard X3 131 1986 The following tables list the Status Codes Message Codes and Commands respectively for this interface SCSI 1 status codes 4 bit Status Code Bits 4 3 2 1 0 Definition 0 0 0 0 X Good Status 0 0 0 1 X Check Condition 0 1 0 0 X Busy 1 0 0 0 X Intermediate Status 1 1 0 0 X Reservation Conflict STT20000N Product Manual Page 33 Chapter 5 SCSI Interface SCSI 1 message codes Page 34 Code Description Direction 00h Command Complete In 02h Save Data Pointer In 04h Disconnect In 05h Initiator Detected Error Out 06h Abort Out 07h Message Reject In Out 08h No Operation Out 09h Message Parity Error Out 0Ah Linked Command Complete In OBh Linked Command Complete with Flag In OCh Bus Device Reset Out 80h Identify When sent by host disables In Out Disconnect Reconnect COh Identify Enable Disconnect Reconnect Out 01h Extended Message In Out Direction In Drive to host Out Host to Drive Supports only one extended message SYNCHRONOUS DATA TRANSFER REQUEST STT20000A Product Manual SCSI Interface SCSI 1 commands Code 00h 01h 02h 03
15. Length Limited A data encoding method where data bits are encoded so that certain constraints are met with regard to the maximum and minimum distances between flux transitions Streaming A method of recording on magnetic tape that maintains continuous tape motion without the requirement to start and stop within an inter block gap Tape Drive A peripheral storage device that records data onto removable tape cartridges Used to back up a disk drive See also Disk Drive Track A longitudinal area on the tape along which magnetic signals can be serially recorded Track ID block A block recorded in the Load Point and Early Warning regions to designate the track number Uncorrected Bit Error Rate The probability of a bit being in error without using any error correction techniques Underrun A condition developed when the host transmits or receives data at a rate less than required by the device for streaming operation STT20000N Product Manual Page 59 Appendix B Acronyms and units of measurement Acronyms and abbreviations Acronym ANSI BIOS BOM BOT BPI CD CMOS CSA DMA ECC ECMA EEPROM EOD EOM EOT FCC FTPI Page 60 Acronyms and units of measurement B Meaning American National Standards Institute Basic Input Output System Beginning of Media Beginning Of Tape Bits Per Inch Compact Disc Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor Canadian Standard Association Direct Me
16. SS Seagate m HORNET 1998 Seagate Technology Inc All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission from Seagate Technology Inc Publication Number 10005135 001 March 1998 Seagate Seagate Technology the Seagate logo and Sidewinder are trademarks or registered trademarks of Seagate Technology Inc Other product names are trademarks or registered trademarks of their owners Seagate reserves the right to change without notice product offerings or specifications Seagate Technology provides this manual as is without warranty of any kind either expressed or implied including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Seagate Technology assumes no responsibility for the accuracy completeness sufficiency or usefulness of this manual nor for any problem that might arise from the use of the information in this manual FCC Notice This equipment generates and uses radio frequency energy and if not installed and used properly that is in strict accordance with the manufacturer s instructions may cause interference to radio communications or radio and television reception It has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B computing device in accordance with the specifications in Part 15 of FCC Rules which are designed to provide reasonable protection against such interference in a residential ins
17. WW capabilities A Seagate tape drive that supports read while write can be detected by requesting the available Log Sense pages Log Sense page code 0 then noting support for Log Sense page 2 Write Error Counts The Log Sense page code 2 parameter codes for write errors are listed in the following table Parameter Code Length in Bytes 0002 Total Rewrites 8010 Rewrites even tracks 8011 Rewrites odd tracks The total rewrite count is incremented each time a block is determined bad in the RWW check and rewritten to tape It also represents the sum of the Rewrites even tracks and Rewrites odd tracks The Rewrites even tracks is incremented if the bad block is located on an even track The Rewrites odd tracks is incremented if the bad block is located on an even track STT20000A Product Manual SCSI Interface Chapter 5 Hardware data compression Mode Select Mode Sense Data Compression page code 0Fh Mode Select Mode Sense Data Compression page code OFh has been added to Seagate tape drives that support hardware data compression A Seagate tape drive that supports hardware data compression can be detected by first requesting the available Mode Sense pages Mode Sense page code 3Fh Then if Mode Sense page OFh Data Compression is present and the DCC bit is set the drive supports hardware data compression A second method would be to request Mode Sense page OFh Data Compression If the drive rejects the request or the DCC bit is n
18. a with a bad peak shift or amplitude characteristics a data randomizer algorithm is used on all bytes in the data and control area of each block This randomizing takes place prior to the encoding of the data Page 49 Chapter 6 Tape format Notes Page 50 STT20000A Product Manual Theory of operations Chapter 7 Theory of operations d Overview The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive is a low cost high performance TR 5 minicartridge tape drive that is ideal for standalone users or small network computer systems With capabilities of up to 10 to 20 Gbytes depending upon media and data compression the drive offers quick efficient backup and restore operations Its unique FastSense feature automatically selects the appropriate transfer rate 1 000 733 or 489 Kbytes sec depending on the speed of the operating system The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive is based on proven Seagate designs Seagate firmware and the latest component technologies This drive uses second generation custom LSI for efficient circuit layout and increased reliability for low power consumption The drive also uses flash EEPROM devices for easy firmware upgrades This chapter describes the drive in more detail and explains implementation specific information Drive configurations The drive may be configured as Standard STT20000N or NS STT20000N C The NS configuration has all the features of the Standard drive with the following additions
19. age 47 Chapter 6 Tape format Blocks Information in the Block Control byte determines the type of block being recorded except for ECC blocks which are recognized by their block numbers Also information about the number of user data bytes available in each data block is recorded in the Block Control byte of the block The Data Field of the blocks always contain 512 bytes However the number of valid data bytes in the block may be less than 512 The seven different types of blocks are as follows e Data blocks contain user data A full Data block contains 512 bytes however data block can contain from 1 through 511 valid data bytes depending on the selected logical block size of the host e Media Header blocks contain specific host drive and vendor information as well as the Volume Directory The first frame on the Directory Track is the Media Header Frame This frame contains 108 Media Header blocks plus the normal 20 ECC blocks e Information blocks Filemark blocks Setmark blocks and Cancelmark blocks contain specific types of information Filemark blocks are physical blocks written to tape in response to a host WRITE FILEMARKS command Setmark blocks are physical blocks written to tape in response to a host WRITE SETMARKS command Cancelmark blocks are physical blocks written to tape under firmware control e Filler blocks contain no valid information in the data area These blocks are used to fill incomplete frames
20. configuration with mounting brackets STT20000A Product Manual Introduction Chapter 1 Figure 1 1 STT20000 SCSI minicartridge internal drive 3 5 inch mounting configuration Figure 1 2 STT20000 SCSI minicartridge internal drive with mounting brackets 5 25 inch mounting configuration STT20000N Product Manual Page 3 Chapter 1 Features Introduction The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive embodies Seagate s commitment to engineer reliable and durable tape drive products In summary form key features of the drive are as follows Page 4 Internal form factor for installation in a 5 25 inch half high or 3 5 inch by one inch space Capability to write and read Travan TR 5 QIC 3220 MC QIC 3220 MC tape format compliance for compatibility and information interchange Typical uncompressed capacities of up to 10 gigabytes on 740 foot TR 5 media Typical compressed capacities of up to 20 gigabytes on 740 foot TR 5 media Transfer rate optimized with FastSense automatic selection of fastest supportable data transfer rate 1 000 733 or 489 Kbyte sec Single ended SCSI connection with these features Embedded full LSI high speed SCSI controller Software selectable synchronous or asynchronous SCSI data transfer High performance SCSI burst transfer rate of 5 Mbyte sec with 512 Kbyte 2 Mbyte on the STT20000N C NS 20 drive on drive data buffer to facilitate the most efficient use of the host
21. ctromagnetic fields such as telephones dictation equipment mechanical or printing calculators motors and STT20000A Product Manual Drive operation and maintenance Chapter 4 bulk erasers Do not lay cartridges on the computer monitor or on the base unit of the computer e Keep the cartridge away from direct sunlight and heat sources such as radiators or warm air ducts e Keep the cartridge free of moisture Do not wet or submerge a cartridge in any liquid e Do not expose the cartridge to temperature extremes Allow the cartridge to assume room temperature slowly e Retensioning the tape cartridge is always recommended for optimal performance particularly after exposure of the cartridge to temperature changes or shock Retensioning restores the proper tape tension to the media Cleaning the drive read write head Caution Never clean the read write head of the drive with anything other than a lint free swab or an approved cleaning cartridge Do not touch the head with anything other than a lint free swab To properly maintain the tape drive you should periodically clean the read write head No other periodic maintenance is required Follow these guidelines to help ensure that your drive provides long reliable service e Operate the drive in a clean dust free environment e Never apply a lubricant to the drive e Generally Travan drives are highly reliable and require little user maintenance For normal operations cl
22. d tapes conforming to the QIC 3095 standard TR 4 A precision burst intelligent positioning system is used to achieve high track densities The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive conforms to the QIC 3220 MC development standard adopted by Quarter Inch Cartridge Drive Standards Inc QIC The drive records in a serpentine fashion utilizing a 1 7 RLL Run Length Limited data encoding method and provides for 108 data tracks and one 1 directory track on Travan TR 5 media The drive offers electronically erasable programmable read only memory flash EEPROM which enables qualified Seagate OEMs to download revised firmware to the drive With the availability of greater capacity disk drives and the growth of small networks the need for cost effective high capacity SCSI storage has grown The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drives are ideal for high end stand alone computers workstations and small networks Built using long wearing materials and custom Large Scale Integration LSI components the drive was engineered for heavy duty computer applications Providing carefully controlled tape handling and rapid smooth operation the drive design promotes long life for key components such as the motors drive heads and the media itself One major benefit of this new computer grade engineering is low power consumption Figure 1 1 illustrates the internal drive in 3 5 inch configuration Figure 1 2 illustrates the internal drive in 5 25 inch
23. ddresses IDs and for the other options e SCSI ID e Parity e Terminator power e Termination Use the jumpers to set the SCSI device address You can also enable parity and enable terminator power by jumper placements SCSI terminators must be installed for the last device on the SCSI bus STT20000A Product Manual Installation Chapter 3 Figure 3 2 Jumper configurations JUMPER ON JUMPER OFF SCSI ID SCSI PARITY ENABLED PIN PIN PIN ip JUMPER 7 8 ON WB WES RESERVED 6 4 2 OFF OFF OFF o0 OFF OFF ON 1 RESERVED OFF ON OFF 2 OFF ON ON 3 L ACTIVE TERMINATION ON OFF OFF 4 JUMPER 13 14 ON ON OFF ON 5 TERMINATOR POWER ENABLED ON ON OFF 6 JUMPER 15 16 ON ON ON ON 7 Notes In Figure 3 2 ON means that the jumper shunt is placed over the two vertical pins OFF means that the jumper shunt is removed from the two vertical pins or hanging over only one of the pins The drive must be turned OFF then ON in order for the jumper placements to take effect or a SCSI Bus Reset must be received If the default address setting ID is correct for your system and you do not choose to change any other options go to the following section that explains how to install the drive unit If you need to change any default settings refer to Figure 3 2 and the appropriate following section make the changes and then go to the following section that explains how to install the drive unit SCSI device address jumper
24. does not affect the firmware revision level Notes Once the firmware upgrade cartridge is inserted in the drive it is important that no power interruption occurs while the firmware is loading DO NOT POWER OFF THE DRIVE AT THIS TIME If a power interruption occurs the firmware may not be loaded correctly and the drive may not operate properly If a problem occurs during the firmware loading process the LED on the front panel goes out In that case the firmware upgrade cartridge may be defective or the drive may not be operating correctly If after a repeat loading of the firmware cartridge the same condition is observed contact your Seagate sales representative Firmware upgrade cartridges are available to qualified Seagate OEM customers Contact your Seagate sales representative for information Drive maintenance Page 30 Minimal maintenance is needed to ensure that your STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive operates at peak condition This section explains how to care for tape cartridges and how to clean the drive head Caring for tape cartridges Although minicartridge tape cartridges are ruggedly built they must be handled with care to preserve the data that they contain The following points are guidelines for storing and using minicartridges Do not open the tape access door of the cartridge or touch the tape itself One fingerprint can prevent the drive from reading the tape Keep the cartridge away from sources of ele
25. e Figure 7 2 Travan Minicartridge The cartridge also provides write protection so that existing data on the cartridge is not overwritten A write protected cartridge allows the existing data to be read but does not allow new data to be written to the tape The position of the sliding write protect tab on the cartridge determines whether or not data can be written to the tape See Chapter 4 for illustrations of the write protect position STT20000N Product Manual Page 55 Chapter 7 Theory of operations Read While Write The STT20000N C NS 20 drive is able to read back the data it has just written hence the term read while write check A different head is utilized in the NS drive to accomplish this task along with some additional playback circuitry The digital control ASIC is the same for NS and standard drives but the NS drive enables the CRC checking circuitry necessary to perform the read while write check While the data is being written the control ASIC passes the data through the CRC generating hardware After a block of data has been written the CRC generator appends the 4 byte CRC to the end of the block As the data is written the trailing read head element is reading the data This data is passed through the control ASIC s CRC checking hardware Once the block has been read the checking hardware verifies the data against what was written If the data verifies the block is deemed good and the checking process begins again on
26. e following characteristics e Signal assertion low level input voltage 0 0 to 0 8 VDC e Signal negation high level input voltage 2 0 to 5 25 VDC e Maximum input load low level input current 0 4 at 0 5 VDC e Minimum input hysteresis 0 2 VDC STT20000A Product Manual Installation Single ended SCSI connector Chapter 3 The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge internal drive provides a 50 pin right angle dual row connector on the main PCB at the rear of the drive The pin assignments for this single ended connector are listed in the following table Note STT20000N Product Manual Pin 2 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 All odd pins except pin 25 are connected to signal ground at the drive Pin 25 is left open A signal name or abbreviation preceded by a dash indicates that the signal is active low Assignment DB 0 DB 1 DB 2 DB 3 DB 4 DB 5 DB 6 DB 7 DB P GROUND GROUND GROUND TERMINATOR POWER GROUND GROUND ATN GROUND BSY ACK RST Page 25 Chapter 3 Page 26 Installation Pin Assignment 42 MSG 44 SEL 46 C D 48 REQ 50 JO The 5V drive supply is available on the SCSI connector as a terminator power option This pin is connected to the 5V through a diode The option is a hardware jumper on the rear PCB of internal drives with terminator power disabled as a factory defau
27. e tape Each new block is given a unique physical number regardless of its contents e Logical numbering does not relate to the blocks physically recorded on the tape rather this type of numbering is the block numbering system used by the host computer Often the host system operates with logical blocks that are a different size from the 512 byte blocks that are physically recorded on the tape The host blocks can be larger or smaller than 512 bytes and can also be fixed or variable Fixed host blocks contain the same number of data bytes in each block Variable host blocks may contain a different number of data bytes in each block The format provides both a physical block number for each block recorded on the tape and a logical block number that can span more than one physical block These two numbers are recorded in the control field of every block Every track on the tape is recorded in blocks that contain 512 data bytes The data bytes are 8 bit bytes which are numbered bO to b7 with b7 being the most significant bit A frame is made up of 128 blocks 108 data blocks plus 20 error correction code ECC blocks Figure 6 1 illustrates the general track layout of sequentially recorded frames STT20000A Product Manual Tape format Chapter 6 Figure 6 1 General track layout Frames are numbered indirectly using the 26 most significant bits of the Physical Block Address Frame operation is controlled by the drive and generally invi
28. eady Verify Write Write Filemarks STT20000A Product Manual SCSI Interface Chapter 5 Messages Save Data Pointer Linked Command Complete Disconnect Linked Command Complete with flag Message Reject Identify Initiator Detected Error Synchronous Data Transfer Request Abort Message Parity Error Bus Device Reset Command Complete No Operation Vendor unique commands e Seek Block e Partition e Request Block Address SCSI 2 interface The SCSI 2 interface for the SCSI Minicartridge drive conforms with the ANSI X3 T92 standard The following three tables list the status codes message codes and commands for this interface SCSI 2 status codes 4 bit Status Code Bits 4 3 2 1 0 Definition 0 0 0 0 X Good Status 0 0 0 1 X Check Condition 0 1 0 0 X Busy 1 0 0 0 X Intermediate Status 1 1 0 0 X Reservation Conflict STT20000N Product Manual Page 37 Chapter 5 Page 38 SCSI 2 message codes Code 00h 02h 04h 05h 06h 07h 08h 09h 0Ah OBh OCh 80h Coh kk 01h SCSI 2 commands Code 00h 01h 02h 03h 05h SCSI Interface Description Direction Command Complete In Save Data Pointer In Disconnect In Initiator Detected Error Out Abort Out Message Reject In Out No Operation Out Message Parity Error Out Linked Command Complete In Linked Command Complete with Flag In Bus Device Reset Out Identify When sent by host disables In Out Disconnect Reconnect Identify Enable In Out Disconnect Reconnect E
29. eaning once per month is quite adequate e For new cartridges clean the head after two hours of tape movement Thereafter the drive can be cleaned as per normal operations You can clean the drive head by one of two methods you can use the Seagate approved 3M DC2000 cleaning cartridge DC051111 12947 P N CKDC2000 which is available through Seagate Express 1 800 531 0968 or you can manually clean the drive head To manually clean the drive head follow these steps 1 Moisten a clean lint free swab in 90 isopropyl alcohol so that it is wet but not dripping Never use a dry swab 2 Hold the drive access door open and wipe the head gently using a side to side motion The upright rectangle with the stripe in Figure 4 6 is the head 3 Use anew swab saturated with 90 isopropyl alcohol to wipe the capstan The capstan is the flat roller to the left of the head as shown in Figure 4 6 Rotate the capstan until its entire surface is clean 4 Allow the drive to dry for 3 minutes before using STT20000N Product Manual Page 31 Chapter 4 Drive operation and maintenance Figure 4 6 Cleaning the drive head and capstan Capstan Tape Head Troubleshooting If a power interruption occurs during a backup or restore operation start over when the power is restored If the drive appears to fail during a backup or restore o
30. em configurations sssssssssssssseeeeneeneenee nnns 5 Minicartridge technology Oovervleuw nnns 5 Flash EEPROM ee Reegele 6 src deg 6 References doa ate teh munere ze 6 Abo tthis man al wane ee eee peer e Ree e e da tp epe taeda 7 Specifications 9 OVEIVICW MEER RE E RE RR UEM COEM COME a ENS 9 Physical specifications sessssssssssssssseeeeeee ennemis 9 Power specifications ssssssssssssssssseeeeeeeeneen nennen enne nennen nnne nnns 11 Drive performance specifications sssssssssssssseeeeeeeeenneneen nnns 12 Environmental requirements ssssssssssssssseseeeeeeee eene 13 aile 14 Mean Time Between Failures n 14 Mean Time To Repoair sss eene nnne nennen nnns 14 Recommended Lopes emen nnne n nennen sensn nnn nns 15 Regulatory Complanmce nennen nnne nnns 15 Installation 17 Introduction enUBRORODUuneD HU pae pp unde eee eee dis 17 Handling guidelines 3 2 22 20 Ee d inpet enr 17 Installation Oovervleuw nennen nnne nennen nnne nnn nnns 17 Seting JUM POLS 2S EU MN 18 SCSI device address umpers 19 ANIL ec AA m Ed s e oed a ate 19 SCSI terminator enable sssssssssssseee eene 19 Terminator Dower ennemi nnns 20 Installing the drive 21 Mounting dimensions enne 22 Cabling and connectors sssssssssssssssseeeeeneneeeeen nennen nennen n
31. ernal drive be 3 7 in 94 mm gt 0 2 in 5 mm 0 315 in 6 36 in 161 5 mm Page 22 STT20000A Product Manual Installation Chapter 3 Figure 3 5 Mounting hole locations for drive with mounting brackets 075 in 1 9mm 2 PLACES 5 76 in 146 4mm Si Cabling and connectors The drive provides standard single ended SCSI transmission ANSI SCSI standards specify the technical requirements for correctly cabling and connecting single ended devices Either 50 pin flat cable or 25 signal twisted pair cable with a maximum length of 6 meters 19 feet may be used to connect the drive to its SCSI host adapter output If twisted pair cabling is used connect the twisted pairs to physically opposing contacts on the connector A stub length no greater than 0 1 meter should be used off the mainline connection within any connected equipment STT20000N Product Manual Page 23 Chapter 3 Page 24 Installation The cable characteristic impedance should not be less than 90 ohms nor greater than 140 ohms A cable characteristic impedance of greater than 100 ohms is recommended To minimize noise and ensure even distribution of terminator power the minimum recommended conductor size is 28 AWG 0 08042 mm Electrical characteristics This section lists measurements of various electrical signals i
32. h 05h 08h 0Ah OCH ODh 10h 11h 12h 13h 15h 16h 17h 19h 1Ah 1Bh 1Dh 1Eh 3Bh 3Ch 40h Type OjOoj o o oj ojo oo mj oz zx FS my sys 0 Chapter 5 Command TEST UNIT READY REWIND REQUEST BLOCK ADDRESS REQUEST SENSE READ BLOCK LIMITS READ WRITE SEEK BLOCK PARTITION WRITE FILEMARKS SPACE INQUIRY VERIFY MODE SELECT RESERVE UNIT RELEASE UNIT ERASE MODE SENSE LOAD UNLOAD SEND DIAGNOSTIC PREVENT ALLOW MEDIUM REMOVAL WRITE DATA BUFFER READ DATA BUFFER CHANGE DEFINITION M Mandatory Command O Optional Command E Extended Command V Vendor Unique Command STT20000N Product Manual Defined in SCSI 2 Page 35 Chapter 5 SCSI Interface ANSI X3 131 CONFORMANCE STATEMENT SCSI 1 Page 36 General features Commands Supports arbitration Disconnect reconnect Single ended drivers Termination power supplied to cable jumper option Supports both single and multi initiator systems Fixed and variable block transfer lengths Hard reset Synchronous data transfer Parity implemented switch option Space blocks filemarks sequential filemarks and EOD Supports third party reservation Change Definition Erase Inquiry Load Unload Mode Select Mode Sense Prevent Allow Media Removal Read Read Block Limits Release Unit Request Block Address Request Sense Reserve Unit Rewind Seek Block Send Diagnostic Space Test Unit Unit R
33. hysical specifications The physical specifications of the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive are listed in the following table Specification Drive for 3 5 Inch Mount Drive for 5 25 Inch Mount Height 1 0 in 25 mm 1 7 in 43 mm Width 4 0 in 102 mm 5 87 in 149 1 mm Length 6 2 in 157 5 mm 6 36 in 161 5 mm Weight 1 0 1bs 0 5 kg 1 5 Ibs 0 7 kg Figures 2 1 and 2 2 show the general dimensions of the STT20000A in 3 5 inch configuration without mounting brackets and in the 5 25 inch configuration with mounting brackets STT20000N Product Manual Page 9 Chapter 2 Specifications Figure 2 1 STT20000N 3 5 Inch mount general dimensions Kee 4 00 in 101 6 mm EEN Figure 2 2 STT20000N 5 25 Inch mount general dimensions 0 86 21 8mm 5 49 139 4mm 0 20 5 0mm 149 0mm gt 5 87 il 4Z mm a DRIVE ACTIVE H GREEN Page 10 STT20000A Product Manual Specifications Chapter 2 Power specifications The following table lists the power specifications for the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive Power specifications are measured at the tape drive power connector and are nominal values Specification Measurement DC Voltage 12 VDC 5 VDC Voltage Tolerance t 10 5 Operational Current 2 0 amps 1 0 amp Standby Current 0 2 amp 0 6 amp Peak 2 2 amps max Power Sequence None None Ripple peak to peak 100 mV
34. ions are read from a flash EEPROM which can be updated with new firmware through either the SCSI interface or a specially written tape cartridge STT20000N Product Manual Page 53 Chapter 7 Head design Flash EEPROM Theory of operations The 512 Kbyte DRAM 2Mbytes in the NS drive data buffer allows the drive to maintain streaming when the SCSI host cannot provide data continuously at the tape streaming rate The write driver receives data from the write formatter and generates write current causing data to be written on tape by the tape head The read channel amplifies and conditions the signal from the tape head and passes it back to the read formatter The head stepper and drive motor both receive current from the control logic to control the stepping of the head from track to track and to move the tape forward and back across the tape head The recording playback head is a state of the art thin film design a thin film inductive write head paired with an advanced magneto resistive read head This head design provides the drive with exceptional performance and reliability The material composition of the head also results in exceptional wear characteristics resulting in stable performance throughout the life of the drive Because the drive uses flash EEPROM Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory the drive firmware can be easily upgraded when new revisions of the firmware are released The circuitry include
35. ire or electrical shock hazard do not expose the unit to rain or moisture e To avoid electrical shock do not open the cabinet Refer servicing to qualified personnel Important Information About This Manual All information contained in or disclosed by this document is considered proprietary by Seagate Technology By accepting this material the recipient agrees that this material and the information contained therein are held in confidence and in trust and will not be used reproduced in whole or in part nor its contents revealed to others except to meet the purpose for which it was delivered It is understood that no right is conveyed to reproduce or translate any item herein disclosed without express written permission from Seagate Technology Seagate Technology provides this manual as is without warranty of any kind either expressed or implied including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Seagate Technology reserves the right to change without notification the specifications contained in this manual Seagate Technology assumes no responsibility for the accuracy completeness sufficiency or usefulness of this manual nor for any problem that might arise from the use of the information in this manual Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction 1 Driv amp OVERVIEW pesii EEE EENEG 1 EE TEE 4 Typical syst
36. k The even numbered tracks are positioned sequentially below track 0 Thus track 2 is below track 0 and track 4 is below track 2 and so on down to track 70 which is the closest to the reference edge of the tape The reference edge is the edge of the tape that is nearest to the baseplate of the cartridge Track 1 is the track immediately above the Directory Track The odd numbered tracks are positioned sequentially up from track 1 Thus track 3 is above track 1 and track 5 is above track 3 and so up to track 71 which is the closest to the upper edge of the tape STT20000N Product Manual Page 45 Chapter 6 Tape format Track numbering Track format Frames Page 46 All even numbered tracks and the Directory Track are recorded in the forward direction the direction from the BOT marker to the EOT marker All odd numbered tracks are recorded in the reverse direction the direction from the EOT marker to the BOT marker All even numbered tracks are located below the Directory Track all odd numbered tracks are above it Each track is recorded sequentially beginning with track 0 then track 1 and so on Before recording data is grouped into blocks and blocks are grouped into frames with 128 blocks per frame Two numbering methods are used for blocks physical numbering and logical numbering Both numbers start from 0 at the beginning of each partition e Physical numbering is related directly to the recorded block on th
37. lt ANSI defines RST as a bi directional pin On the drive RST is input only STT20000A Product Manual Drive operation and maintenance Chapter 4 Drive operation and maintenance 4 Introduction This chapter describes important operational procedures for the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive It covers the following topics e Operation of the front panel LED e Using cartridges e Loading revised firmware updating flash EEPROM e Drive maintenance and troubleshooting Front panel LED operation The front panel of the Travan drive contains the cartridge opening and one amber light emitting diode LED This LED is lit when the tape is NOT at the beginning of the tape Thus the LED shows tape movement when lit Figure 4 1 shows the front panel of the internal drive Figure 4 1 Front panel of 3 5 inch internal drive DRIVE ACTIVE AMBER STT20000N Product Manual Page 27 Chapter 4 Drive operation and maintenance Using Travan cartridges The minicartridges recommended for use with the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive are listed in Chapter 2 This section describes some operations using the cartridges Loading and unloading tape cartridges Your tape drive has a flip up door that covers the cartridge opening when a tape cartridge is not installed in the drive Once a cartridge is inserted it is held firmly in place by the drive s positive locking mechanism Ca
38. lved from the original mass storage medium reel to reel 1 2 inch tape storage the minicartridge technology of today offers fast efficient high capacity storage in a compact easy removable hard shell package In little more than a decade storage capacities have increased from some 60 megabytes Mbyte on 9 tracks QIC 24 1982 to the 20 Gbyte capacity achievable with the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive on a single Travan TR 5 cartridge The streaming tape intelligence in this minicartridge drive provides a continuous tape motion with an uninterrupted precisely coordinated flow of data to and from the minicartridge This streaming motion combined with the serpentine recording method is one element that contributes to the increased storage capacities efficiency and speed of today s minicartridge technology Use of the serpentine recording method exploits the bi directional capabilities of the cartridge With this method the tape is not rewound at the end of a track Instead the write read heads are logically or mechanically switched to a different position on the tape and another track is written or read in the reverse direction That is the drive first records track 1 in one direction and when the end of the tape is reached the head is moved and the direction of tape motion is reversed to record a second track This serpentine process continues until the entire tape is recorded The individual tracks are sequential to minimize the am
39. mory Access Error Correction Code European Computer Manufacturers Association Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory End of Data End of Media End Of Tape Federal Communications Commission Flux Transitions Per Inch STT20000A Product Manual Acronyms and units of measurement STT20000N Product Manual Acronym IEC IPS LED LSI MTBF MTTR OEM PCB QIC RAM RLL SCSI UL VDC VDE Appendix B Meaning International Electrotechnical Commission Inches Per Second Light Emitting Diode Large Scale Integration Mean Times Between Failures Mean Time To Repair Original Equipment Manufacturer Printed Circuit Board Quarter Inch Cartridge Drive Standards Incorporated Random Access Memory Run Length Limited Small Computer System Interface Underwriters Laboratories Inc Volts Direct Current Verband Deutscher Electrotechniker Page 61 Appendix B Acronyms and units of measurement Units of measurement Measure Meaning A Amp C Celsius or Centigrade cm centimeter dBa decibels A weighted sound power reference one picowatt F Fahrenheit ft foot or feet g acceleration of a free falling body equal to 32 17 feet per second Gbyte gigabyte Hz Hertz in inch k kilo Kbyte kilobyte kg kilogram KHz kilohertz Ib s pound s m meter M mega Mbits megabits Mbyte megabyte MHz megaHertz min minute mm millimeter ms millisecond RPM revolutions per minute
40. n nsns 42 Log Sense Write Error Counts page code Oh 42 Hardware data compression sssssssssseseee enne 43 Mode Select Mode Sense Data Compression page code OFh 43 Parameters that control data compresslon 44 Page vi STT20000A Product Manual Tape format tre ele e E Tape partitioning eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee eene Track positions eeeeeeseessessssssssseeeennnns Track numberifg t a Ree L er E EE Tape reference servo pattern eeeneeeeeeeeeene Write equalization seeseee Randomization 2 5 Eco cod eene ak Theory of operations Glossary IM M Drive configurations ssssee Block diagrams seseeessseeeeeeeeserrirrrressssrrirnnnssssserene Mechanics eriin ene eege tede tee Cartridge load mechanism Capstan drive motor assembly E E E E nennen Control circuits Head design ccecceceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeteeeetaeeeeeeeeeees Flash EEPRROM ennt Sensors and switches sssssssssssssss Media Travan minicartridges eene Read While Write ssssneee ALDC data compression eeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeerereeerrrrnn Acronyms and units of measurement Acronyms and abbreviations sssssssssseseneeeeereeeeeeen Units of measurement STT20000N Product Manual
41. n relation to the single ended SCSI connection For these measurements SCSI bus termination is assumed to be external to the SCSI device All signals except GROUND and TERMPWR must be terminated at both ends of the cable Each signal termination consists of 220 ohms or 5 to TERMPWR and 330 ohms or 5 to GROUND and must meet the following specifications e Terminators must supply a characteristic impedance of 100 to 132 ohms e External terminators must be powered by the TERMPWR line and units providing terminator power to the cable must have Vu 4 25 to 5 25 VDC 900 milliamps minimum source drive capability e When TERMPWR matches the above values the voltage of released signal lines must be at least 2 5 VDC e When a driver asserts a line and pulls it to 0 5 VDC the current available to the signal line driver may not exceed 48 milliamps The first two terminators may only supply 44 8 milliamps of this current e When atleast one device supplies TERMPWR these conditions may be met by any valid configuration of targets and initiators All signals use open collector drivers The output characteristics measured at the connector of the drive of signals driven by the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive are e Signal assertion low level output voltage 0 0 to 0 5 VDC at 48 milliamps sinking e Signal negation high level output voltage 2 5 to 5 25 VDC Signals received by the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive have th
42. nne nnns 23 Electrical characteristics 2 at ni te ue e Tue rives 24 Single ended SCSI connector nnns 25 STT20000N Product Manual Page v Table of Contents Drive operation and maintenance 27 NTROGUCUION I T aro ete nto ie Rene 27 Front panel LED operation A 27 Using Travan CarthidG EE 28 Loading and unloading tape cartridoes 28 Setting the write protect switch sss 29 Loading revised firmware from a Seagate firmware cartridge 29 BCEE 20 Caring for tape cartridges AA 30 Cleaning the drive read write bead 31 Tro bleshootlhg WEE 32 SCSI Interface 33 dutrele ee TEE 33 SCSI 1 interface EEN 33 SCSI 1 status codes EE 33 SCSI miessage Codes eerte rettet ete Re ROME 34 SCSI 1 e Lulu e EE 35 ANSI X3 131 CONFORMANCE STATEMENT GC 36 General features 36 E elle 36 MESSAGES E 37 Vendor unique commands sssssssssssssssseeeeeeee nennen nnne nnne nnns 37 EE MN Ee 37 SCSI 2 status codes sssssssssssssssssssseeseeeen enne nennen nennen nnne 37 SCSI 2 message codes nennen 38 SCSI 2 commande AEN 38 ANSI X3 T92 conformance statement SCSI 2 ssssssssssss 40 SCSI 2 general features eseesssessesssessssseeeeeee eee 40 SCSk2 commands E 40 SCSI 2 messages EE 41 SCSI 2 vendor unique commande enne 41 Command set changes to Incorporate RWW and HD 42 Read While Write esses nennen nnn nenne
43. ntal specifications for the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive The drive may be mounted either vertically or horizontally Specification Operational Non operational Temperature 41 to 4 113 F 40 to 149 F 5 to 45 C 40 to 65 C Thermal gradient 1 C minute 20 C hour no condensation Relative humidity 20 to 80 non 5 to 95 non condensing condensing Maximum wet bulb 78 8 F 26 C No condensation temperature Altitude 1 000 to 15 000 feet 1 000 to 50 000 feet Vibration Peak to Peak 0 005 in max 5 to 44 3 Hz 0 1 in max Displacement 5 to 17 Hz Peak Acceleration 0 50 g max 44 3 to 500 1 5 g max 17 to 500 Hz Hz Acoustic level 55 dBA maximum operational measured in suitable A wt sum enclosure at 3 ft distance and operator height Shock 1 2 sine wave 2 5 g s peak 11 msec 100 g s peak 11 msec Specification applies to drive mechanism and media Specification applies to drive mechanism only STT20000N Product Manual Page 13 Chapter 2 Reliability Specifications The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive is designed for maximum reliability and data integrity The following table summarizes the reliability specifications Feature Specification Non recoverable error rate lt 1in 10 bits Error recovery and control Reed Solomon Error Correction Code techniques Error monitoring and reporting Error Log Media pre written Retry on read Data randomization Mean Time Be
44. o indicate the approaching end of the usable recording area in the forward direction File A logical unit of information Filler block A block containing no valid information in its data field Fixed Disk A non removable hard disk All data must be transferred to and from the disk via the computer Frame A group of 128 blocks forming a complete logical group Full high or full height Usually refers to a tape drive fitting in a vertical space of 3 1 2 inches Half high or half height Refers to the size of tape drive occupying a vertical space of about 1 1 2 inches Head Clog Particles from the tape or from outside the drive adhere to the head gap on a read or write head and obstruct the reading or writing of data Interleaving The process of shuffling the order of data blocks before writing them to tape so the consecutive bytes are not recorded physically adjacent Magnetic Tape A tape that accepts and retains magnetic signals intended for input output and storage of data for information processing Media Header block A unique block identifying the type of format being recorded Noise A disturbance of the signal caused by the read channel write channel head tape interaction or conducted or radiated sources Randomizing A re coding of data symbols before they are written to tape in order to provide a consistently uniform RF envelope level Page 58 STT20000A Product Manual Glossary Appendix A RLL Run
45. ot set then hardware data compression is not present The Mode Select Sense page code 10 parameter codes for data compression are listed in the following table EINEN Byte e se meem ee o EN Page Length OEh SEKR ll el m SES LEE S Dem RSR ROSE STT20000N Product Manual Page 43 Chapter 5 Page 44 SCSI Interface Parameters that control data compression A Data Compression Enable DCE bit of one indicates that data compression is to be enabled When this bit is set data sent to the Drive by the Host shall be processed using the ALDC compression algorithm prior to being written to the medium A DCE bit of zero indicates that data compression is disabled A Data Compression Capable DCC bit of one indicates the Drive support data compression and shall compress data using the ALDC algorithm prior to writing to the medium when DCE bit is one A DCC bit of zero indicates the Drive does not support data compression This is a non changeable field A Data Decompression Enable DDE bit of one indicates that data decompression is to be enabled A DDE bit of zero indicates data decompression is disabled Normally DDE is always set on tape drives that support hardware data compression Compression Algorithm defines the data compression algorithm used by the Drive The ALDC compression algorithm value is 0001h This is a non changeable field Decompression Algorithm defines the data decompression algorithm used by the
46. ount of head motion as the heads change position for each track STT20000N Product Manual Page 5 Chapter 1 Flash EEPROM Software References Page 6 Introduction The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive incorporates leading edge technology in the flash EEPROM which is useful should the drive s SCSI firmware need to be upgraded at some point With the permanently installed electrically up gradeable flash EEPROM memory revised SCSI firmware for the drive can be loaded via any one of two methods e Seagate OEM firmware cartridge See Chapter 4 e Host SCSI bus This feature enables qualified OEMs needing to revise the drive firmware to do so rapidly and at a reduced cost Flash EEPROM should also prolong the life cycle of a drive because many new techniques such as increasing the capacity of the drive through support for longer tapes may require only a firmware upgrade The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive is a cost effective means of backing up fixed disks The software required to perform a disk backup runs under the control of the host computer s operating system Compatibility with a wide range of software is also an important consideration in system integration The drive requires any one of the following operating environments DOS version 5 0 or later Microsoft Windows 3 1 or later Microsoft Windows 95 or Windows NT The drive operates with many of the popular backup software applications such as Seagate s Back
47. pecifications for the drive and minicartridges Provides cautions unpacking tips inspection information and installation connection steps including cabling requirements and connector pinouts Explains drive operation maintenance and troubleshooting Lists general information about the SCSI interface See Note below Provides an overview of the QIC 3220 MC tape format Details the functional operation of various assemblies of the SCSI drive Defines key terms Lists the acronyms and measurements used in the manual This manual provides all technical information about the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive for hardware and software development and integration except complete SCSI information on the SCSI commands themselves Refer to the SCSI Minicartridge Drive SCSI Manual P N 10001652 002 for detailed information about the SCSI interface including a complete command summary STT20000N Product Manual Page 7 Chapter 1 Introduction Notes Page 8 STT20000A Product Manual Specifications Chapter 2 Specifications 2 Overview The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive provides exceptional reliability in storing large amounts of computer data This chapter includes the following specifications and requirements e Physical specifications e Power requirements e Drive performance specifications e Environmental requirements e Recommended tapes e Tape capacities and formats e Regulatory compliance P
48. peration try the following steps 1 Remove and replace the cartridge and try again Make sure you are using the correct type of tape cartridge 2 Turn off all power to the computer and drive Wait for the computer to power down and then start over 3 Try a different tape preferably one that has never been used 4 Check all cable connections for proper contact 5 Clean the tape drive head as previously instructed Then try the operation again If problems persist contact your tape drive supplier or Seagate technical support at US and Canada 1 800 SEAGATE 1 800 732 4283 Outside US and Canada 1 405 936 1234 Seagate Web Site http www seagate com Seagate BBS 1 405 936 1630 Before you call technical support be sure that you have the documentation for your computer and for all installed periferal devices Page 32 STT20000A Product Manual SCSI Interface Chapter 5 SCSI Interface 5 Introduction The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive provides an embedded Small Computer System Interface SCSI controller for communications between the host computer and the drive The drive supports the SCSI 1 ANSI X3 131 1986 and SCSI 2 ANSI X3 T92 interfaces The factory default interface at power up is for the SCSI 2 interface The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive provides a single ended SCSI connection This chapter summarizes the SCSI 1 and SCSI 2 status codes message codes and commands Refer to Chapter 3 for specific SCS
49. quires less storage space than uncompressed data Data Density The number of single byte characters stored per unit length of track Usually expressed as bits per inch bpi Decompression The process of restoring compressed data to its original state Dew Collection of moisture in a tape drive STT20000N Product Manual Page 57 Appendix A Glossary Directory track The track at the centerline of the tape identified as track 254 by its Track ID frame Disc Drive A peripheral storage device that rotates the disk writes data onto it and reads data from it as instructed by a program ECC Error Correction Code Special drive generated information that can be used to correct bad blocks ECC block A block containing drive generated ECC data in its data field and part of control field Encoding A method whereby a group of data bits is translated into a group of recording bits End of Data EOD Indicates the point where the host stopped writing data to the tape End of Media EOM Equal to the physical end of tape End of Partition EOP The position at the end of the permissible recording area of a partition End of Tape EOT Equal to the logical end of the tape Error Correction Codes ECC Information written on tape during the recording operation that can later be used to reconstruct errors during the data reading operation Early Warning EW The early warning marker is a single hole punched in the tape t
50. re flush Then align the mounting holes 7 Secure the drive using the mounting screws The threaded mounting holes are designed for M3 0 metric screws The maximum length for the M3 0 metric screws is 4 mm Use of longer length screws may damage the drive See following section for mounting dimensions 8 Connect an available power cable to the power connector on the drive The recommended power mating connector requires an AMP 1 48024 0 housing with AMP 60617 1 pins or equivalent Note Turn off all power before inserting connectors 9 Connect the mating SCSI connector the single ended connector described previously in Cabling and Connectors with the SCSI connector on the rear of the unit When you make the connection be sure pin 1 of the connector aligns with pin 1 on the SCSI connector STT20000N Product Manual Page 21 Chapter 3 Installation Note Pin 1 on the SCSI connector is to your right as you look at the back of the drive See Figure 3 1 Your SCSI cable should have Pin 1 highlighted by a color strip Be sure to mate Pin 1 on the cable to Pin 1 on the drive Failure to do so could make the drive inoperative 10 Replace the computer cover and reconnect any peripherals that you disconnected during the installation Mounting dimensions Figures 3 4 and 3 5 respectively illustrate the location of the mounting holes for the internal drive without and with mounting brackets Figure 3 4 Mounting hole locations for int
51. s Be sure that no other device on the SCSI bus has the same SCSI address Figure 3 2 shows the jumper placements for the various SCSI ID choices Parity To enable parity place a jumper shunt over the two pins 7 and 8 as shown in Figure 3 2 Be sure the jumper shunt is firmly in place SCSI terminator enable The last device on the SCSI bus must have termination Figure 3 3 illustrates the termination for two daisy chain configurations STT20000N Product Manual Page 19 Chapter 3 Installation Figure 3 3 Daisy chain configurations SCSI Host Adapter terminated SCSI Tape drive other SCSI device not terminated terminated SCSI Host Adapter terminated other SCSI device SCSI Tape drive not terminated terminated The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive supports active termination and does not require the use of terminating resistor packs Terminator power Terminator power 5 volt is enabled by default Caution If the jumper is installed be careful not to short the TERMPWR signal to ground The drive contains a terminator power fuse to prevent damage to drive components in case the terminator power is shorted If terminator power is enabled and the SCSI cable is connected upside down for example this fuse may blow to prevent damage to the drive itself In that case return the drive to an authorized repair facility Page 20 STT20000A Product Manual Installation Chapter 3 Installing
52. s 128 Kbyte of flash EEPROM Loading new firmware can be accomplished in one of two ways e Using a specially encoded firmware upgrade cartridge e Issuing a WRITE DATA BUFFER SCSI command to download the firmware to the EEPROM Refer to Chapter 4 for information about loading new firmware using a Seagate firmware upgrade cartridge Sensors and switches Page 54 A number of mechanical and optical sensors and switches are integrated in the drive design The Cartridge In switch detects when a cartridge is fully loaded and positioned against the A plane datum of the cartridge The Unsafe switch senses the position of the SAFE indicator on the cartridge and disables writing of write protected cartridges The Head Position Sensor is an electro optical assembly LED and photo transistor to determine the approximate head position STT20000A Product Manual Theory of operations Chapter 7 The drive has an electro optical sensor assembly comprised of a solid state light source LED and a photo sensor photo transistor that sense the beginning of tape BOT end of tape EOT load point and early warning holes of the cartridge Media Travan minicartridges The drive is designed to use Travan TR 5 or NS cartridges quarter inch minicartridges and QIC Wide minicartridges These small approximately 2 inches x 3 inches x 0 4 inch cartridges house 1650 Oersted Gamma Ferric Oxide magnetic tape Figure 7 2 shows a Travan minicartridg
53. sed Using FastSense a unique Seagate feature the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive automatically senses the fastest available data transfer rate of the host system and selects from three discrete speeds 1 000 733 or 489 kilobytes second Kbyte sec This process maximizes system throughput by eliminating tape repositioning which is typically required when the tape drive operates faster than the host computer The product is available as an internal device in either a 3 5 inch or 5 25 inch configuration The internal drive form factors are tailored for easy installation in today s computers and the full featured embedded SCSI controller facilitates easy integration into a variety of systems The drive contains an embedded single ended Small Computer Systems Interface SCSI controller that supports SCSI ANSI X3 131 1986 and SCSI 2 ANSI X3 T92 The drive supports numerous popular SCSI controller boards and embedded devices including those from Adaptec and DPT The drive provides synchronous or asynchronous SCSI and a high speed burst rate of 5 Mbyte second STT20000N Product Manual Page 1 Chapter 1 Page 2 Introduction The drive is equipped with a 512 Kbyte on drive buffer to facilitate efficient operation The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive supports the QIC 3220 MC format standard and will provide 10 gigabytes uncompressed storage capacity 20 gigabytes compressed with a Travan TR 5 cartridge The drive will also rea
54. sible to the host Frames are used primarily as a means to control the error correction operations Frames can be overwritten with new data frames or an end of data EOD frame Append operations can only begin at EOD An underrun is not allowed in the middle of a frame regardless of the frame type Filler blocks can be used to complete a frame as long as they are not used interior to a logical block A frame that cannot be completed on one track is rewritten in its entirety at the beginning of the following track Frames are not split around corner turns The general frame layout 108 data blocks and 20 ECC blocks is illustrated in Figure 6 2 Figure 6 2 General frame layout Data Data Data Data ECC ECC ECC Block Block Block Block Block Block Block 0 1 2 107 0 1 19 The four types of frames are as follows e Data frames contain data and information blocks in addition to ECC blocks e The Media Header frame contains only Media Header blocks and ECC blocks This frame is recorded as the first frame on the Directory Track e Track ID frames are recorded as part of the pre formatting process of the cartridge These frames are easily distinguished from other frame types because they reside entirely outside of the data region of the tape e An EOD frame is an absolute indicator of the end of the recorded data It is recorded after the last frame containing host data upon terminating a Write process STT20000N Product Manual P
55. tallation However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If this equipment does cause interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment on and off you are encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient the receiving antenna e Relocate the computer with respect to the receiver e Move the computer into a different outlet so that the computer and receiver are on different branch circuits If necessary you should consult the dealer or an experienced radio television technician for additional suggestions You may find the following booklet prepared by the Federal Communications Commission helpful How to Identify and Resolve Radio TV Interference Problems This booklet Stock No 004 000 00345 4 is available from the U S Government Printing Office Washington DC 20402 Caution Changes or modifications made to this equipment which have not been expressly approved by Seagate Technology may cause radio and television interference problems that could void the user s authority to operate the equipment Further this equipment complies with the limits for a Class B digital apparatus in accordance with Canadian Radio Interference Regulations Cet appareil num rique de la classe B est conforme au R glement sur brouillage radio lectrique C R C ch 1374 Additional warnings To prevent f
56. the drive The following steps guide you through installing the internal Travan drive Caution Turn off your computer before you begin the installation Failure to do so might result in damage to your equipment or electrical shock to you Note Because computer models vary between manufacturers refer to your computer manual for specific installation instructions 1 Write down the serial number and model number shown on the drive and put this information in a safe place You need this information if you ever call for service 2 Refer to the manual that you received with your computer for instructions about removing the computer cover and the face plate from the drive bay in which you plan to install the drive Note If devices are installed in any drive bays adjacent to the one you are using for the internal drive partially removing those devices might give you more working space 3 Check that jumper settings and termination are correct for your installation Refer to the previous text under Configuring the Drive 4 Attach any special mounting hardware to the drive that your system might require Refer to the manual that you received with your computer for requirements 5 Locate the mounting screw holes in the drive brackets Each side contains two sets of holes Use the set that aligns the drive properly within the drive bay 6 Slide the tape drive into the computer so that the drive bezel and the computer face plate a
57. touch a metal or grounded surface to discharge any static electricity buildup from your body Caution If you touch static sensitive parts of the drive such as the printed circuit board elecronic components may be damaged e Hold the drive by its edges only and avoid direct contact with any printed circuit board exposed e Lay the drive only on top of the anti static bag or return it to its bag when you need to lay the drive down Installation overview The drive mounts internal to the computer in either a 3 5 inch by one inch space or in a 5 25 inch half high space with the use of mounting brackets STT20000N Product Manual Page 17 Chapter 3 Setting jumpers Page 18 Installation Three simple steps make up the installation procedure 1 Configure jumpers 2 Mount the drive unit 3 Complete the power and interface connections The installation procedure is the same for both models except physically mounting the unit in the computer After you configure the jumpers and decide whether or not you need to add terminators follow the steps provided for the size of enclosure into which you are mounting the drive Figure 3 1 illustrates the location of the jumpers on the bottom of the drive Figure 3 1 Location of drive jumpers TC SCS CONNECTOR X Pi CONN OWER ECTOR The following settings should be checked prior to installation Figure 3 2 shows the jumper configurations for the various SCSI device a
58. tween Failures Greater than 250 000 hours MTBF Mean Time To Repair MTTR Less than 0 33 hour Mean Time Between Failures The Mean Time Between Failures MTBF is greater than 200 000 hours This specification includes all power on and operational time but excludes maintenance periods Operational time is assumed to be 20 of the power on time Operational time is the time the tape is loaded MTBF is highly dependent on operational time as operational time increases above 20 of the power on time the MTBF is reduced conversely as the operational time is reduced the MTBF increase as an example at a operational duty cycle of 12 the STT20000 MTBF can equal 250 000 hours Note Seagate does not warrant the stated MTBF as representative of any particular unit installed for customer use The failure rate quoted here is derived from a large database of test samples Actual rates may vary from unit to unit Mean Time To Repair Page 14 The Mean Time To Repair MTTR is the average time required by as qualified service technician to diagnose a defective drive and install a replacement drive The MTTR for the drive is less than 0 33 hour 20 minutes The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive is a field replaceable unit If a problem occurs with a subassembly or component in the drive the entire unit should be replaced The faulty drive should be returned to the factory in its original packaging Contact your distributor dealer your computer s
59. up Exec for DOS and Windows Windows 95 Netware or Windows NT The following standards documents describe some of the technology incorporated in the drives referenced in this manual e QIC 121 Implementation of Small Computer System Interface SCSI 2 for QIC Compatible Sequential Storage Devices e QIC 104 Implementation of Small Computer System Interface for QIC Compatible Sequential Storage Devices e ANSI X3 127 1987 Unrecorded Magnetic Tape Minicartridge for Information Exchange 0 250 inch e ANSI X3T9 2 86 109 Specifies the Small Computer System Interface 2 SCSI 2 e QIC 170 Preformatted magnetic minicartridge e QIC 3095 MC Serial recorded magnetic tape minicartridge e QIC 3220 MC Serial recorded magnetic tape minicartridge STT20000A Product Manual Introduction Chapter 1 For more information about a particular QIC standard contact Quarter Inch Cartridge Standards Inc c o Freeman Associates 311 East Carrillo Street Santa Barbara California 93101 About this manual The remaining chapters and the appendices in this manual are briefly described in the following table A glossary of terms is also included Number 2 Appendix A Appendix B Note Title Specifications Installation Drive operation SCSI interface Tape format Theory of operation Glossary Acronyms and Measurements Description Contains physical performance environmental power and reliability s
60. ution DO NOT remove a tape cartridge while the drive is active Complete any tape operations and wait until the amber LED is OFF before removing the cartridge To load a cartridge insert it with the metal base plate down and the tape access door facing into the drive Figure 4 2 illustrates the loading of a cartridge Figure 4 2 Loading a Travan cartridge To unload a cartridge wait until the drive activity LED is OFF and then pull the cartridge straight out Figure 4 3 illustrates the unloading of a cartridge Figure 4 3 Unloading a Travan cartridge Page 28 STT20000A Product Manual Drive operation and maintenance Chapter 4 Setting the write protect switch Travan minicartridges feature a write protect switch located in the upper left corner of the cartridge You can set the switch to keep data from being written on the tape Use this switch when you want to make sure that important data on the tape will not be overwritten Figure 4 4 shows the cartridge with the switch in the non protected read write or unlocked position Figure 4 4 Write protect switch in unlocked position Figure 4 5 shows the tab in the protected read only or locked position Figure 4 5 Write protect switch in locked position To return a cartridge to the writeable state push the switch toward the end of the cartridge or to the unlocked position Loading revised firmware from a Seagate firmware cartridge The STT20000 S
61. xtended Message In Out Direction In Drive to host Out Host to Drive Supports only one extended message SYNCHRONOUS DATA TRANSFER REQUEST Type Command M TEST UNIT READY M REWIND V REQUEST BLOCK ADDRESS M REQUEST SENSE M READ BLOCK LIMITS STT20000A Product Manual SCSI Interface STT20000N Product Manual Code 08h 0Ah OCh O0Dh 10h 11h 12h 13h 15h 16h 17h 19h 1Ah 1Bh 1CH 1Dh 1Eh 2Bh 34h 3Bh 3Ch 40h 4Ch 4Dh Type lt OoO O0O o0 o o o o o 2 0 DS ISS SS ID 2 Si 8 Chapter 5 Command READ WRITE SEEK BLOCK PARTITION WRITE FILEMARKS SPACE INQUIRY VERIFY MODE SELECT RESERVE UNIT RELEASE UNIT ERASE MODE SENSE LOAD UNLOAD RECEIVE DIAGNOSTIC RESULTS SEND DIAGNOSTIC PREVENT ALLOW MEDIUM REMOVAL LOCATE READ POSITION WRITE DATA BUFFER READ DATA BUFFER CHANGE DEFINITION LOG SELECT LOG SENSE Page 39 Chapter 5 M Mandatory Command O Optional Command V Vendor Unique Command ANSI X3 T92 conformance statement SCSI 2 Page 40 SCSI 2 general features e Disconnect reconnect arbitration required in SCSI 2 e Single ended drivers e Termination power supplied to cable jumper option e Supports both single and multi initiator systems e Fixed and variable block transfer lengths e Hard reset e Synchronous data transfers e Parity implemented jumper option e Space blocks filemarks sequential filemarks and EOD
62. ystem company or your Seagate sales representative to arrange the return STT20000A Product Manual Specifications Chapter 2 Recommended tapes The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive uses pre written minicartridges Description Seagate Travan 740 ft QIC 3220 20000TT 10 0 Gbyte capacity 20 0 Gbyte capacity with data compression Note The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive reads and writes the QIC 3220 MC format The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive reads but does not write the QIC 3095 MC format Regulatory compliance The STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drive complies with the regulations listed in the following table Agency Regulation CSA C22 2 No 950 M89 TUV amp IEC RHEINLAND EN 60 950 IEC 950 UL 1950 Canadian Dept of Communications Class B EN55022 CISPR 22 Class B with additional CE Mark test req FCC Class B Part 15 Use the STT20000 SCSI minicartridge drives only in equipment where the combination has been determined to be suitable by an appropriate certification organization for example Underwriters Laboratories Inc or the Canadian Standards Association in North America You should also consider the following safety points e Install the drive in an enclosure that limits the user s access to live parts gives adequate system stability and provides the necessary grounding for the drive e Provide the correct voltages 5 VDC and 12 VDC based on the regulation applied Extra Low Voltage SEC

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