PASCO Specialty & Mfg. PS-2108 User's Manual
Contents
1. 9 0 9 6 9 6 9 5 9 4 9 4 9 3 9 3 9 2 9 1 9 1 9 0 8 9 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 6 8 6 8 5 9 5 9 5 9 5 9 4 9 3 9 3 9 2 9 2 9 1 9 0 9 0 8 9 8 9 8 8 87 8 7 8 6 8 5 8 5 8 4 20 0 9 4 9 4 9 3 9 3 9 2 9 1 9 1 9 0 8 9 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 6 8 6 8 5 8 5 8 4 8 3 20 5 9 3 9 3 9 2 9 2 9 1 9 0 9 0 8 9 8 9 8 8 8 7 8 7 8 6 8 6 8 5 8 4 8 4 8 3 8 3 21 0 92 9 2 9 1 9 1 9 0 8 9 8 9 8 8 8 8 87 8 6 8 6 8 5 8 5 8 4 8 4 8 3 8 2 8 2 215 92 9 1 9 0 9 0 8 9 8 9 8 8 8 7 8 7 8 6 8 6 8 5 8 4 8 4 8 3 8 3 8 2 8 1 8 1 22 0 9 1 9 0 9 0 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 7 8 6 8 5 8 5 8 4 84 8 3 8 2 8 2 8 1 8 1 8 0 22 5 9 0 8 9 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 6 8 6 8 5 8 5 8 4 8 3 8 3 8 2 8 2 8 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 23 0 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 7 8 6 8 6 8 5 8 4 8 4 8 3 8 3 8 2 8 1 8 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 7 9 23 5 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 6 8 6 8 5 8 5 84 8 4 8 3 8 2 8 2 8 1 8 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 7 8 7 8 240 88 8 7 8 7 8 6 8 6 8 5 8 4 8 4 8 3 8 3 8 2 8 2 8 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 7 9 7 8 7 8 77 24 5 98 7 8 7 8 6 8 5 8 5 8 4 8 4 8 3 8 3 8 2 8 1 8 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 7 9 7 8 77 77 7 6 25 0 8 6 8 6 8 5 8 5 8 4 8 3 8 3 8 2 8 2 8 1 8 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 7 8 7 8 77 77 7 6 7 6 25 5 8 5 8 5 8 4 8 4 8 3 8 3 8 2 8 2 8 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 7 9 7 8 7 8 77 77 7 6 7 6 7 5 26 0 8 5 8 4 8 4 8 3 8 3 8 2 8 1 8 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 7 9 7 8 7 8 77 7 6 7 6 7 5 7 5 7 4 265 8 4 8 3 8 3 8 2 8 2 8 1 8 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 7 8 7 8 77 77 7 6 7 6 eo 75 74 74 270 8 3 8 3 8 2 8 2 8 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 7 9 7 8 7 8 77 77 7 6 7 6 Ta Ta 7 4 7 3 7 82. aaa aaa aaa a aa aaa aaa aaa aaa 17 M ien uya a ai e koi a a i bi EE EEE EEE E AAEE 18 During the lab Me i L aiskinasi PH 18 Collecting Data ua i a i i EE a i 19 Sample Data uu k i Pa i i i a a 19 AD81y819 2 19 PASC ON Model No PS 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Experiment 3 Effect of Sodium Sulfite on Dissolved O2 Concentrations 20 Materials and Equipment ka aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aaa aa 20 Optional Materials Heine ii a i sa I a a is 20 PULP OSG ia js a Save i 20 ludi EEUU 20 21 Experiment 4 Biochemical Oxygen Demand 22 Background nee iet tte aces Eg E E e ERE cte E pe Re nies 22 luci 22 Experiment 5 The Effect Of Respiration On Dissolved O2 Concentration 23 linn m 23 Materials required nasi atoms URS ERE CRURA RSS a 23 Optional materials menre n Lade re tested iwa ia a i 23 Procedures a custom pde neuter m etenim itus dri dy 23 jeu m T HORT 24 Appendix A Tables
3. AS C Ci Temp Atmospheric pressure in millimeters of mercury and inches of mercury 695 690 685 680 675 670 665 660 655 650 645 640 635 630 625 620 615 610 605 600 27 36 27 17 26 97 26 77 26 57 26 38 26 18 25 98 25 79 25 59 25 39 25 20 25 00 24 80 24 61 24 41 24 21 24 02 23 82 23 62 0 0 33 32 131 130 129 28 2 8 27 126 125 124 23 2 2 2 1 20 119 11 8 117 1 6 1 5 0 5 3 1 31 130 129 128 27 26 25 124 12 3 12 2 21 2 0 1 9 L8 117 116 11 5 14 13 1 0 3 0 29 128 127 126 2 5 24 23 122 121 120 1 9 1 8 1 7 L6 116 115 114 1 3 1 2 1 5 2 8 27 126 125 124 2 3 2 2 21 120 12 0 119 1 8 1 7 1 6 L5 114 113 11 2 1 1 1 0 2 0 2 6 25 124 123 122 2 2 21 20 119 118 117 1 6 1 5 14 13 11 2 1L1 ll 1 1 0 0 9 2 5 24 24 123 122 121 2 0 1 9 L8 117 116 115 1 4 1 4 1 3 12 11 110 10 9 0 8 0 7 3 0 2 3 22 121 120 119 1 8 1 7 17 116 115 114 1 3 1 2 11 10 109 109 10 8 0 7 0 6 3 5 2 1 20 119 118 118 LT 1 6 L5 114 11 3 112 1 3 1 1 1 0 0 9 1108 107 10 6 0 5 0 4 4 0 2 0 19 1 8 117 11 6 15 1 4 13 11 3 112 11 1 0 0 9 0 8 07 107 106 10 5 0 4 0 3 45 1 8 17 1 6 115 115 14 1 3 12 11 1 110 109 0 9 0 8 0 7 0 6 10 5 104 10 3 0 3 0 2 5 0 1 6 L6 11 5 114 113 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 0 109 10 8 0 7 0 6 0 5 05 104 103
4. 27 5 8 2 8 2 8 1 8 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 79 7 8 7 8 77 7 6 7 5 7 5 7 4 7 4 7 3 7 3 7 2 280 82 8 1 8 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 7 9 7 8 77 77 7 6 7 6 TS 75 74 74 73 13 7 2 72 285 98 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 7 9 78 78 77 77 7 6 7 6 7 5 7 5 7 4 7 4 73 73 7 2 7 1 7 1 290 8 0 8 0 7 9 7 9 7 8 7 8 7 1 T 7 6 7 6 7 5 7 5 74 73 7 3 7 2 7 2 7 1 2 4 7 0 295 8 0 7 9 7 9 7 8 7 8 77 7 6 7 6 7 5 7 5 7 4 7 4 7 3 7 3 72 72 74 7 1 7 0 7 0 300 7 9 7 8 7 8 77 77 7 6 7 6 7 5 7 5 7 4 7 4 7 3 7 3 1 2 7 2 7 1 7 1 7 0 7 0 6 9 305 78 7 8 77 Tal 7 6 7 6 7 5 7 5 74 74 7 3 7 3 7 2 7 2 7 1 7 1 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 9 7 8 77 77 7 6 7 6 15 7 5 74 74 73 7 3 7 2 7 1 7 1 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 77 7 6 7 6 7 5 7 5 7 4 7 4 7 3 7 3 7 2 7 2 7 1 7 1 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 320 7 6 7 6 15 7 5 74 74 13 73 7 2 7 2 7 1 7 1 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 325 47 6 7 5 7 5 74 74 73 73 7 2 7 2 7 1 7 1 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 33 0 7 5 7 5 74 74 7 3 7 3 7 2 72 7 1 7 1 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 AS C Ci Model No PS 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Temp Atmospheric pressure in millimeters of mercury and inches of mercury 795 790 785 780 775 770 765 760 755 750 745 740 735 730 725 720 715 710 705 700 C 31 30 31 10
5. 30 91 30 71 30 51 30 31 30 12 29 92 29 72 29 53 29 33 29 13 28 94 28 74 28 54 28 35 28 15 27 95 27 76 27 56 35 74 74 13 72 472 Ha 71 a 70 170 169 69 es es 67 167 166 66 65 340 47 4 7 3 7 3 7 2 7 2 7 1 71 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 345 73 73 7 2 73 71 FA 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 5 64 350 73 7 2 7 2 71 TA 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 64 6 4 6 3 35 5 72 7 2 74 7 1 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 4 6 3 6 3 360 72 7 1 TA 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 4 6 3 6 3 6 2 365 71 7 0 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 4 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 2 370 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 4 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 2 6 1 375 70 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 4 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 380 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 63 6 5 64 6 4 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 6 0 385 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 4 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 39 0 6 8 6 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 4 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 6 0 39 5 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 5 64 6 4 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 6 0 5 9 40 0 6 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 4 64 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 5 9 5 9 5 9
6. 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 1 000 0 997 0 950 31 0 1 000 0 997 0 994 0 99 0 988 0 985 0 982 0 978 0 975 0 972 0 969 0 966 0 963 0 959 0 956 0 953 0 950 32 0 1 000 0 997 0 994 0 99 0 988 0 985 0 982 0 979 0 975 0 972 0 969 0 966 0 963 0 960 0 957 0 953 0 950 33 0 1 000 0 997 0 994 0 99 0 988 0 985 0 982 0 979 0 976 0 973 0 969 0 966 0 963 0 960 0 957 0 954 0 951 34 0 1 000 0 997 0 994 0 99 0 988 0 985 0 982 0 979 0 976 0 973 0 970 0 967 0 963 0 960 0 957 0 954 0 951 35 0 1 000 0 997 0 994 0 99 0 988 0 985 0 982 0 979 0 976 0 973 0 970 0 967 0 964 0 961 0 957 0 954 0 951 17 Kino Temp Conductivity in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius C 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000 25000 26000 27000 28000 29000 30000 31000 32000 33000 0 0 0 934 0 930 0 926 0 922 0 918 0 914 0 910 0 905 0 901 0 897 0 893 0 889 0 885 0 881 0 877 0 873 0 869 1 0 0 934 0 930 0 926 0 922 0 918 0 914 0 910 0 906 0 902 0 898 0 894 0 890 0 886 0 882 0 878 0
7. 0 757 0 753 0 749 0 745 0 741 0 737 6 0 0 802 0 798 0 794 0 790 0 786 0 782 0 778 0 774 0 770 0 766 0 762 0 758 0 754 0 750 0 746 0 742 0 738 7 0 0 804 0 800 0 796 0 792 0 788 0 784 0 780 0 776 0 772 0 768 0 764 0 760 0 756 0 752 0 748 0 744 0 740 8 0 0 805 0 801 0 797 0 793 0 789 0 785 0 781 0 777 0 773 0 769 0 765 0 761 0 757 0 753 0 749 0 745 0 742 9 0 0 806 0 802 0 798 0 794 0 790 0 787 0 783 0 779 0 775 0 771 0 767 0 763 0 759 0 755 0 751 0 747 0 743 10 0 0 807 0 804 0 800 0 796 0 792 0 788 0 784 0 780 0 776 0 772 0 768 0 764 0 760 0 757 0 753 0 749 0 745 11 0 0 809 0 805 0 801 0 797 0 793 0 789 0 785 0 781 0 778 0 774 0 770 0 766 0 762 0 758 0 754 0 750 0 746 17 Kino PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 Conductivity in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius 51000 52000 53000 54000 55000 56000 57000 58000 59000 60000 61000 62000 63000 64000 65000 67000 0 806 0 798 0 794 0 791 0 811 0 807 0 804 0 800 0 796 0 792 0 788 0 784 0 780 0 777 0 773 0 769 0 765 0 761 0 757 0 753 0 750 0 812 0 809 0 805 0 801 0 797 0 7
8. 0 842 0 838 0 834 0 830 0 826 0 822 0 818 0 814 0 810 0 0 0 874 0 870 0 866 0 862 0 858 0 854 0 850 0 846 0 843 0 839 0 835 0 831 0 827 0 823 0 819 0 815 0 811 11 0 0 874 0 871 0 867 0 863 0 859 0 855 0 851 0 848 0 844 0 840 0 836 0 832 0 828 0 824 0 820 0 817 0 813 2 0 0 875 0 871 0 868 0 864 0 860 0 856 0 852 0 849 0 845 0 841 0 837 0 833 0 829 0 825 0 822 0 818 0 814 3 0 0 876 0 872 0 869 0 865 0 861 0 857 0 853 0 850 0 846 0 842 0 838 0 834 0 830 0 827 0 823 0 819 0 815 4 0 f 0 877 0 873 0 869 0 866 0 862 0 858 0 854 0 851 0 847 0 843 0 839 0 835 0 832 0 828 0 824 0 820 0 816 5 0 0 878 0 874 0 870 0 867 0 863 0 859 0 855 0 852 0 848 0 844 0 840 0 836 0 833 0 829 0 825 0 821 0 817 6 01 0 879 0 875 0 871 0 867 0 864 0 860 0 856 0 853 0 849 0 845 0 841 0 838 0 834 0 830 0 826 0 822 0 819 7 0 0 879 0 876 0 872 0 868 0 865 0 861 0 857 0 854 0 850 0 846 0 842 0 839 0 835 0 831 0 827 0 824 0 820 AS C Ci Model No PS 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Conductivity in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius 34000 35000 36000 37000 38000 3900
9. 0 977 0 973 0 970 0 967 0 963 0 960 0 957 0 953 0 950 0 946 22 0 1 000 0 997 0 993 0 990 0 987 0 984 0 980 0 977 0 974 0 970 0 967 0 964 0 960 0 957 0 953 0 950 0 947 1 000 0 997 0 994 0 990 0 987 0 984 0 980 0 977 0 974 0 97 0 967 0 964 0 960 0 957 0 954 0 950 0 947 24 0 1 000 0 997 0 994 0 990 0 987 0 984 0 981 0 977 0 974 0 97 0 967 0 964 0 961 0 957 0 954 0 951 0 947 25 0 1 000 0 997 0 994 0 990 0 987 0 984 0 981 0 977 0 974 0 97 0 968 0 964 0 961 0 958 0 954 0 951 0 948 26 0 1 000 0 997 0 994 0 990 0 987 0 984 0 981 0 978 0 974 0 97 0 968 0 965 0 961 0 958 0 955 0 951 0 948 27 0 1 000 0 997 0 994 0 991 0 987 0 984 0 981 0 978 0 975 0 97 0 968 0 965 0 962 0 958 0 955 0 952 0 948 28 0 1 000 0 997 0 994 0 991 0 987 0 984 0 981 0 978 0 975 0 972 0 968 0 965 0 962 0 959 0 955 0 952 0 949 29 0 1 000 0 997 0 994 0 991 0 988 0 984 0 981 0 978 0 975 0 972 0 969 0 965 0 962 0 959 0 956 0 952 0 949 AS C Ci Model No PS 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Temp Conductivity in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
10. 0 785 0 781 0 777 0 774 0 770 0 766 25 0 0 826 0 822 0 818 0 815 0 811 0 808 0 804 0 800 0 797 0 793 0 789 0 786 0 782 0 779 0 775 0 771 0 768 26 0 0 827 0 823 0 820 0 816 0 812 0 809 0 805 0 802 0 798 0 794 0 791 0 787 0 784 0 780 0 776 0 773 0 769 27 0 0 828 0 824 0 821 0 817 0 814 0 810 0 806 0 803 0 799 0 796 0 792 0 789 0 785 0 781 0 778 0 774 0 771 28 0 0 829 0 825 0 822 0 818 0 815 0 811 0 808 0 804 0 801 0 797 0 794 0 790 0 786 0 783 0 779 0 776 0 772 29 0 0 830 0 827 0 823 0 820 0 816 0 812 0 809 0 805 0 802 0 798 0 795 0 791 0 788 0 784 0 781 0 777 0 774 30 0 0 831 0 828 0 824 0 821 0 817 0 814 0 810 0 807 0 803 0 800 0 796 0 793 0 789 0 786 0 782 0 779 0 775 31 0 0 832 0 829 0 825 0 822 0 818 0 815 0 811 0 808 0 804 0 801 0 797 0 794 0 790 0 787 0 783 0 780 0 776 32 0 0 833 0 830 0 826 0 823 0 820 0 816 0 813 0 809 0 806 0 802 0 799 0 795 0 792 0 788 0 785 0 781 0 778 33 0 0 834 0 831 0 828 0 824 0 821 0 817 0 814 0 810 0 807 0 803 0 800 0 797 0 793 0 790 0 786 0 783 0 779 0 836 0 832 0 829 0 825 0 822 0 818 0 815 0 812 0 808 0 805 0 801 0 798 0 794 0 791 0 788
11. 0 860 0 857 0 853 0 850 0 846 0 843 0 839 0 836 0 832 29 0 0 889 0 886 0 882 0 879 0 875 0 872 0 868 0 865 0 861 0 858 0 854 0 851 0 848 0 844 0 841 0 837 0 834 30 0 0 890 0 886 0 883 0 879 0 876 0 873 0 869 0 866 0 862 0 859 0 855 0 852 0 849 0 845 0 842 0 838 0 835 31 0 0 890 0 887 0 884 0 880 0 877 0 873 0 870 0 867 0 863 0 860 0 856 0 853 0 850 0 846 0 843 0 839 0 836 32 0 0 891 0 888 0 884 0 881 0 878 0 874 0 871 0 868 0 864 0 861 0 857 0 854 0 851 0 847 0 844 0 840 0 837 33 0 0 892 0 889 0 885 0 882 0 879 0 875 0 872 0 868 0 865 0 862 0 858 0 855 0 851 0 848 0 845 0 841 0 838 34 0 0 893 0 889 0 886 0 883 0 879 0 876 0 873 0 869 0 866 0 863 0 859 0 856 0 852 0 849 0 846 0 842 0 839 35 0 0 893 0 890 0 887 0 883 0 880 0 877 0 874 0 870 0 867 0 863 0 860 0 857 0 853 0 850 0 847 0 843 0 840 Temp Conductivity in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius C 51000 52000 53000 54000 55000 56000 57000 58000 59000 60000 61000 62000 63000 64000 65000 66000 67000 5 0 0 801 0 797 0 793 0 789 0 785 0 781 0 777 0 773 0 769 0 765 0 761
12. 102 0 1 0 0 5 5 1 5 14 113 112 11 2 1 1 1 0 0 9 5108 107 10 7 0 6 0 5 0 4 03 102 102 10 1 0 0 99 6 0 14 13 L2 11 110 0 9 0 9 0 8 107 106 105 04 0 4 0 3 0 2 110 1 100 99 9 9 9 8 6 5 1 2 11 11 0 110 10 9 0 8 0 7 06 106 105 10 4 0 3 0 2 0 1 01 100 99 9 8 97 97 7 0 1 1 10 109 108 107 0 7 0 6 0 5 104 103 10 3 0 2 0 1 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 8 97 9 6 95 7 5 0 9 09 108 107 10 6 0 5 0 5 04 103 102 10 1 0 1 0 0 9 9 9 8 9 7 9 7 9 6 9 5 94 8 0 0 8 0 7 106 10 6 10 5 0 4 0 3 02 102 101 100 99 9 9 9 8 9 7 9 6 95 9 5 9 4 93 29 PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 Temp Atmospheric pressure in millimeters of mercury and inches of mercury 695 690 685 680 675 670 665 660 655 650 645 640 635 630 625 620 615 610 605 600 C 27 36 27 17 26 97 26 77 26 57 26 38 26 18 25 98 25 79 25 59 25 39 24 80 24 61 24 41 24 21 24 02 23 82 23 62 25 20 25 00 8 5 0 7 06 105 104 104 103 102 101 100 100 99 9 8 9 7 9 7 9 6 9 5 9 4 9 3 9 3 9 2 10 2 101 100 99 9 8 9 8 9 6 9 5 9 5 10 5 0 2 0 1 100 99 9 9 9 8 9 7 9 7 9 6 9 5 94 94 93 9 2 9 1 9 1 9 0 8 9 8 8 8 8 11 0 0 1 0 0 9 9 98 9 8 9 7 9 6 9 5 9 5 9 4 9 3 9 2 9 2 9 1 9 0 9 0 8 9 8 8 8 7 8 7 11 5 9 9 9 9 9 8 97 9 6 9 6 9 5 94 9 4 9 3 9 2 9 1 9 1 9 0 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 6 8 6 12 0 9 8 9 8 9 7 9 6 9 5 9 5 94 93
13. 27 Copyright 25 Limited Warranty m 25 Equipment Return 25 Appendix B Tables rar Ua a aisiais 27 SDeCIH68005B8 E bia ies el eid 26 Replacement Parts ono deter pu S i i a as 26 Technical SUppart e 26 Appendix C Tables 27 Table 1 Concentration of dissolved oxygen mg L in water at various temperatures and pressures sa 27 Table 2 Salinity correction factors for dissolved oxygen in water based on conductivity 32 PASC ON Model No PS 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 Eguipment List Included Eguipment Replacement Model Number 1 Dissolved Oxygen Probe 1 699 06320 2 PASPORT Dissolved Oxygen Sensor box 1 3 Membrane Replacement Kit 1 CI 6541 4 Soaker Bottle 1 5 Electrolyte Solution 1 R001068 6 Syringe for filling cartridge housing 1 Use Replacement Model Numbers to expedite replacement orders Introduction The PASCO PS 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor can be used to monitor and explore factors that affect the concentrations of dissolved oxygen molecules O in aqueous solutions particularly in applications related to ecological studies of water environments The Dissolved Oxygen Sensor is specifically design
14. 34 5 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 5 9 5 9 5 8 5 8 5 7 5 7 5 6 5 6 55 3 5 5 4 35 0 6 3 6 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 5 9 5 9 5 8 5 8 5 7 5 7 5 6 5 6 5 5 5 9 5 4 5 4 35 5 6 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 5 9 5 9 5 8 5 8 5 5 7 5 6 5 6 5 5 5 5 54 5 4 5 3 36 0 6 1 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 5 9 5 9 5 8 5 8 5 3 7 5 6 5 6 5 5 5 5 54 54 5 3 53 36 5 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 5 9 5 9 5 8 5 8 5 7 5 7 5 6 5 6 55 5 5 54 54 5 3 5 3 5 2 37 0 6 1 6 0 6 0 59 59 5 8 5 8 5 7 5 7 5 6 5 6 5 5 55 5 4 5 4 5 3 5 3 5 3 52 37 5 6 0 6 0 5 9 5 9 5 8 5 8 5 7 RA 5 6 5 6 5 5 5 5 54 5 4 5 3 5 3 5 3 32 52 38 0 6 0 6 0 5 9 5 9 5 8 5 8 5 7 5 7 5 6 5 6 5 5 55 5 4 5 4 5 3 5 3 5 3 5 2 5 2 5 1 38 5 6 0 5 9 5 9 5 8 5 8 Ey 57 5 6 5 6 5 5 5 5 54 54 54 5 3 5 3 52 53 5 1 5 1 39 0 5 9 5 9 5 8 5 8 5 5 7 5 6 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 53 5 3 5 2 5 2 53 5 1 5 0 39 5 5 9 5 8 5 8 5 7 5 7 5 6 5 6 55 5 5 54 54 5 4 5 3 5 3 5 2 52 5 1 51 5 0 5 0 40 0 5 8 5 8 57 5 7 5 6 5 6 5 5 3 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 3 5 3 5 2 5 2 5 1 5 1 5 0 5 0 5 0 31 PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 Table 2 Salinity correction factors for dissolved oxygen in water based on conductivity From R F Weiss 1970 Temp C temperature in degrees Celsius Temp Conductivity in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius C 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 14000 15000 16000 0 0 1 000 0 996 0 992 0 989 0 985 0 981 0 977 0 973 0 969 0 965 0 961 0 957 0
15. DataStudio Click the Setup button on the DataStudio toolbar Click the button next to the Calibrate button and select me L from the drop down menu Note Calibration is not required for measurements of relative DO content such as before during after experiment relative changes Click the Calibrate button to open the Calibrate dialog Place the probe in 100 humidified air When the readings stabilize around a value click the Set button Then click OK It may take a few minutes for the sensor to equilibrate for calibration The readings may not completely stabilize at one specific point Calibration in 100 humidified air is equivalent to calibrating in 100 air saturated water This is because the oxygen must first pass through the electrolyte solution in the Dissolved Oxygen Sensor to get to the cathode The concentration of oxygen in both the 100 air saturated water and the electrolyte solution will be equivalently proportional to the partial pressure of oxygen in air following Henry s law where Cg k x Pg Cg the solubility of the gas oxygen Pg the pressure of the gas over the solution This relationship holds true whether the end of the sensor is immersed in the water or suspended in air Before taking measurements of dissolved oxygen concentration change your unit settings back to mg L PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 General Sampling Procedure 1 Immerse the Dissolved Oxygen probe into the
16. 0 1 000 0 996 0 993 0 989 0 986 0 982 0 979 0 975 0 971 0 968 0 964 0 961 0 957 0 953 0 950 0 946 0 942 2 01 1 000 0 997 0 993 0 989 0 986 0 982 0 979 0 975 0 972 0 968 0 965 0 961 0 957 0 954 0 950 0 946 0 943 3 0 1 000 0 997 0 993 0 990 0 986 0 983 0 979 0 975 0 972 0 968 0 965 0 961 0 958 0 954 0 950 0 947 0 943 4 0 1 000 0 997 0 993 0 990 0 986 0 983 0 979 0 976 0 972 0 969 0 965 0 961 0 958 0 954 0 951 0 947 0 943 5 0 1 000 0 997 0 993 0 990 0 986 0 983 0 979 0 976 0 972 0 969 0 965 0 962 0 958 0 955 0 951 0 947 0 944 1 000 0 997 0 993 0 990 0 986 0 983 0 979 0 976 0 972 0 969 0 966 0 962 0 958 0 955 0 951 0 948 0 944 1 000 0 997 0 993 0 990 0 986 0 983 0 980 0 976 0 973 0 969 0 966 0 962 0 959 0 955 0 952 0 948 0 945 8 0 1 000 0 997 0 993 0 990 0 987 0 983 0 980 0 976 0 973 0 969 0 966 0 963 0 959 0 956 0 952 0 949 0 945 9 0 1 000 0 997 0 993 0 990 0 987 0 983 0 980 0 976 0 973 0 970 0 966 0 963 0 959 0 956 0 952 0 949 0 945 20 0 1 000 0 997 0 993 0 990 0 987 0 983 0 980 0 977 0 973 0 970 0 966 0 963 0 960 0 956 0 953 0 949 0 946 21 0 1 000 0 997 0 993 0 990 0 987 0 984 0 980
17. 9 2 9 2 9 1 9 0 9 0 8 9 8 8 8 7 8 7 8 6 8 5 8 5 12 5 9 7 9 6 9 6 9 5 9 4 9 4 9 3 92 9 1 9 1 9 0 8 9 8 9 8 8 8 7 8 6 8 6 8 5 8 4 8 4 13 0 9 6 9 5 95 94 93 93 9 2 9 1 9 0 9 0 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 6 8 5 8 5 8 4 8 3 8 3 13 5 9 5 9 4 9 4 93 9 2 9 1 9 1 9 0 8 9 8 9 8 8 8 7 8 7 8 6 8 5 8 5 84 8 3 8 2 8 2 93 9 3 9 2 9 1 9 0 9 0 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 6 8 6 8 5 8 4 8 4 8 3 8 2 8 2 8 1 14 5 9 2 9 2 9 1 9 0 8 9 8 9 8 8 8 7 8 7 8 6 8 5 8 5 84 8 3 8 3 8 2 8 1 8 1 8 0 15 0 9 2 9 1 9 1 9 0 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 6 8 6 8 5 8 4 8 4 8 3 8 2 8 2 8 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 15 5 9 1 9 0 9 0 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 6 8 6 8 5 84 8 4 8 3 8 2 8 2 8 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 7 8 14 0 16 0 9 0 8 9 8 9 8 8 8 7 8 7 8 6 8 5 8 5 8 4 8 3 8 3 8 2 8 1 8 1 8 0 7 9 7 9 7 8 ded 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 6 8 6 8 5 84 8 4 8 3 8 2 8 2 8 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 7 8 7 8 7 7 7 17 0 8 8 8 7 8 7 8 6 8 5 8 5 8 4 8 3 8 3 8 2 8 2 8 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 7 8 7 8 BT 7 6 7 6 17 5 8 7 8 6 8 6 8 5 8 5 8 4 8 3 8 3 8 2 8 1 8 1 8 0 7 9 7 9 7 8 77 1 7 7 6 7 6 7 5 18 0 8 6 8 6 8 5 84 8 4 8 3 8 2 8 2 8 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 7 9 7 8 77 77 7 6 7 5 7 5 74 16 5 18 5 8 5 8 4 8 3 8 3 8 2 8 2 8 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 7 8 7 8 77 77 7 6 7 5 7 5 7 4 7 3 19 0 84 8 3 83 8 2 8 1 8 1 8 0 1 9 1 9 7 8 78 7 7 7 6 7 6 7 5 74 7 4 73 7 3 19 5 8 3 8 2 8 2 8 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 7 9 7 8 77 77 7 6 7 6 7 5 7 4 74 7 3 7 2 73 20 0 8 2 8 2 8 1 8 0 8 0 7 9 7 8 7 8 77 77 7 6 7 5 7 5 7 4 7 4 7 3 7 2 7 2 7 1 20 5 8 2 8 1 8 1 8 0 7 9 7 9 7 8 7 8 77 7 6 7 6 7 5 7 5 7
18. 953 0 950 0 946 0 942 0 938 1 0 1 000 0 996 0 992 0 989 0 985 0 981 0 977 0 973 0 969 0 965 0 962 0 958 0 954 0 950 0 946 0 942 0 938 2 0 1 000 0 996 0 992 0 989 0 985 0 981 0 977 0 973 0 970 0 966 0 962 0 958 0 954 0 950 0 946 0 942 0 938 3 0 1 000 0 996 0 993 0 989 0 985 0 981 0 977 0 974 0 970 0 966 0 962 0 958 0 954 0 951 0 947 0 943 0 939 40 1 000 0 996 0 993 0 989 0 985 0 981 0 978 0 974 0 970 0 966 0 962 0 959 0 955 0 951 0 947 0 943 0 939 5 0 1 000 0 996 0 993 0 989 0 985 0 981 0 978 0 974 0 970 0 966 0 963 0 959 0 955 0 951 0 947 0 944 0 940 6 0 1 000 0 996 0 993 0 989 0 985 0 982 0 978 0 974 0 970 0 967 0 963 0 959 0 955 0 952 0 948 0 944 0 940 7 0 1 000 0 996 0 993 0 989 0 985 0 982 0 978 0 974 0 971 0 967 0 963 0 959 0 956 0 952 0 948 0 944 0 941 8 0 1 000 0 996 0 993 0 989 0 986 0 982 0 978 0 975 0 971 0 967 0 963 0 960 0 956 0 952 0 949 0 945 0 941 9 0 1 000 0 996 0 993 0 989 0 986 0 982 0 978 0 975 0 971 0 967 0 964 0 960 0 956 0 953 0 949 0 945 0 941 0 01 1 000 0 996 0 993 0 989 0 986 0 982 0 979 0 975 0 971 0 968 0 964 0 960 0 957 0 953 0 949 0 946 0 942 11
19. O to become weakly attracted to each other This intermolecular attraction between the oppositely charged poles of nearby molecules is termed a dipole induced dipole force The creation of these forces then explains the mechanism by which gases dissolve in water Still images from the Water on the Web animation Induced Dipoles Fy The electron cloud of an isolated Oxygen B HEG molecule is distributed symmetrically Gyr between the bonded O atoms RA E As the negative end of the polar water e molecule approaches T the O electron cloud is moved away to K oo reduce repulsion between the cloud and CEY the negative end of the water molecule The O molecule itself becomes polar A dipole has been induced in the otherwise gt COSCO nonpolar O gt molecule The H5O and the are now weakly attracted to one another II What factors influence the amount of dissolved oxygen in water There are several factors that can influence the amount of gaseous diatomic oxygen as well as other gases that will dissolve in water When speaking of gases dissolving in water discussion is limited to gases that do not chemically react with the water LAS C Ci Model No PS 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor 1 Water Temperature effects Gases usually dissolve in liquids in an exothermic process This expression represents that process gas solvent liquid lt gt gas saturated solvent heat this will reach
20. an equilibrium Le Chatelier s Principle predicts that an added stress to one side of this equilibrium will cause a shift in equilibrium in order to accommodate that stress thereby driving the equilibrium point to the left in the expression below GAS solvent liquid lt gas saturated solvent heat Experimental results support this theory DO mo A Temperature Degrees C 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 This graph was constructed using DataStudio drawing on data taken from Table HY DO 1 in the GLOBE protocol for Dissolved Oxygen Yee Hr DU 3 spo Riy Cage Fre h Veter fo Arat a Prav pil Temp K Solubeiliny mg l 1 Ta aq 12 T 1 2 LT a T 13 T i ri 5 4 Lis 3 14 T 3 13 5 19 1 3 15 0 4 13 1 20 2 1 10 dA 124 21 17 aT 12 5 22 1 7 1 4 ob 12 1 13 a 14 4 5 11 9 24 54 5 4 11 6 a4 a3 41 10 11 3 26 8 1 2 5 2 Li 114 27 13 1 12 10 4 26 ad 14 101 5 ie 45 14 19 1 1o r an E M 15 19 1 VW 74 47 E 17 Kino PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 12 2 Overlying Gas Pressure Effects Henry s Law states that the solubility of a gas in a liquid is affected by the pressure of the gas above the liguid gas interface P kC P gas pressure or partial pressure C concentration of dissolved gas k Henry s Law Constant differs with temperature gas and solvent Changing pr
21. carry out the process of photosynthesis when conditions are appropriate Plants take in reactants including carbon dioxide water and energy in the form of light A waste product from the photosynthetic process is gaseous oxygen which is released to the environment For aquatic plants this gas is released into the water increasing the amount of dissolved oxygen present in the water The dissolved oxygen sensor is well suited to monitor changing levels of molecular oxygen in the aqueous environment of the Elodea plant Tips for success Set up and run the experiment far ahead of time so that the procedure is familiar Use fresh Elodea the growing tip will give the best results Allow water to reach equilibrium in terms of the dissolved gases this may take up to 24 hours Submerge the DO sensor so that the metallic band is below the surface of the water Use a full beaker of water for the water bath to control thermal fluctuations e Set up Complete steps 1 4 in advance 1 orother PASPort interface 17 Kino PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 Procedure 1 During the lab time 1 18 Perform a test run on the DO sensor s to ensure that the membrane is intact Arrange eguipment so that the two large test tubes are DO probes nearly full of water Clamp test tubes in place vertically with the beaker as a water bath to minimize temperature fluctuations L HH tubes of test
22. prepaid Damage caused by improper packing of the eguipment for return shipment will not be covered by the warranty Shipping costs for returning the eguipment after repair will be paid by PASCO scientific Equipment Return Should the product have to be returned to PASCO scientific for any reason notify PASCO scientific by email letter phone or fax BEFORE returning the product Upon notification the return authorization and shipping instructions will be promptly issued NOTE NO EQUIPMENT WILL BE ACCEPTED FOR RETURN WITHOUT AN AUTHORIZATION FROM PASCO When returning equipment for repair the units must be packed properly Carriers will not accept responsibility for damage caused by improper packing To be certain the unit will not be damaged in shipment observe the following rules 1 The packing carton must be strong enough for the item shipped 2 Make certain there are at least two inches of packing material between any point on the apparatus and the inside walls of the carton 3 Make certain that the packing material cannot shift in the box or become compressed allowing the instrument come in contact with the packing carton PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 Appendix B Specifications Replacement Parts Technical Support Specifications Cathode platinum Anode silver silver chloride Response 98 in 60 seconds Stability Better than 2 Fully temperature compen
23. rate of reaction varies directly with the temperature The correction is accomplished through the use of a temperature sensing thermistor that is built into the probe With the temperature sensing thermistor the temperature of the probe is monitored and the gain of the amplifier is automatically adjusted to compensate for the temperature dependence of the chemical reactions in the probe A signal representing the temperature compensated dissolved concentration of the solution is fed to the computer interface and displayed by DataStudio in concentration mg l or saturation 76 DO Sensor Setup and Calibration Prepare the Sensor for First Use Prior to the first use of the sensor you will need to fill the Dissolved Oxygen Sensor electrode membrane cartridge and cartridge housing with an electrolyte solution See the maintenance section for instructions Set up the Dissolved Oxygen Sensor with DataStudio 1 Attach the probe to the sensor box Figure 3 To Computer or USB Hub TI 1 fT lg gn asc E Figure 3 Plug the DO probe into the DO sensor box and connect the sensor box to a PASPort USB interface that is connected to a computer s USB port or to a USB hub that is connected to the computer 2 Plug the sensor box into a PASPort interface or logger connected to a computer 3 The PASPortal window should open allowing a choice between DataStudio or EZScreen Select DataStudio
24. sodium sulfite u PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 Experiment 4 Biochemical Oxygen Demand Background Biochemical oxygen demand BOD is an important measure of water quality BOD is a measurement of the quantity of oxygen used by microorganisms in the aerobic oxidation of organic matter In rivers and streams with high BOD levels much of the available dissolved oxygen is consumed by aerobic bacteria robbing other aquatic organisms of the oxygen they need to live This is a condition that may be exacerbated by excessive nitrogenous wastes in runoff water Procedure 1 Measure the dissolved concentration and water temperature in a waterway preferably on site using the PASPort logger of choice with the dissolved oxygen sensor 2 Collect a sample of the water in an airtight black bottle and incubate the water sample at room temperature for 5 days 3 Bring the water sample to approximately the same temperature as the first sample and measure the dissolved concentration 4 Calculate the BOD level mg l dissolved original sample mg l dissolved 5 day old sample 5 Score the BOD as follows 4 excellent less than 2 mg l 3 good 2 4mg l 2 fair 4 1 10 mg l 1 poor greater than 10 mg l 1 Adapted from a 1996 publication by Stevens Institute of Technology PAS C Ci Model No PS 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Experiment 5 The Effect Of Resp
25. solution water bath With no plants in place allow the entire system to reach HM equilibrium for about three to four hours it is not harmful ELM gt ee to exceed this time g Figure 1 Equipment setup Insert each DO sensor into its respective test tube Perform a virtual calibration in DataStudio so that the DO mg L value is set at the same level for each sensor 7 mg L is a good starting point Absolute calibration is less important in this particular situation since the goal is to measure relative change instead of absolute dissolved oxygen Conduct a test run for approximately 30 seconds to ensure that the DO probes are reading values that are reasonably close to each other Remove the DO sensors Do not allow the probe tip to contact other surfaces it helps to clamp the probes to a rack and then lift the entire rack until the probes are clear of the test tubes Gently and carefully insert a sprig about 2 3 cm long of the healthy green tip of the Elodea plant in one test tube experiment Insert a control such as a plastic Elodea plant in the other test tube optional Take care to avoid stirring or agitating the water in the test tubes more than necessary Reinsert the DO sensors until the tip of the sensor is close to but not touching the plant Use tape and a folded piece of paper to form a light mask around the upper part of the beaker such that it s lower edge is even with the bottom of the DO sensor probe t
26. 0 40000 41000 42000 43000 44000 45000 46000 47000 48000 49000 50000 0 880 19 0 0 881 0 877 0 874 0 870 0 867 0 863 0 859 0 855 0 852 0 848 0 844 0 841 0 837 0 833 0 830 0 826 0 822 20 0 0 882 0 878 0 875 0 871 0 867 0 864 0 860 0 856 0 853 0 849 0 845 0 842 0 838 0 834 0 831 0 827 0 823 21 0 0 883 0 879 0 876 0 872 0 868 0 865 0 861 0 857 0 854 0 850 0 846 0 843 0 839 0 836 0 832 0 828 0 825 22 0 0 884 0 880 0 876 0 873 0 869 0 866 0 862 0 858 0 855 0 851 0 848 0 844 0 840 0 837 0 833 0 829 0 826 23 0 0 884 0 881 0 877 0 874 0 870 0 866 0 863 0 859 0 856 0 852 0 849 0 845 0 841 0 838 0 834 0 830 0 827 24 0 0 885 0 882 0 878 0 874 0 871 0 867 0 864 0 860 0 857 0 853 0 850 0 846 0 842 0 839 0 835 0 832 0 828 25 0 0 886 0 882 0 879 0 875 0 872 0 868 0 865 0 861 0 858 0 854 0 851 0 847 0 843 0 840 0 836 0 833 0 829 26 0 0 887 0 883 0 880 0 876 0 873 0 869 0 866 0 862 0 859 0 855 0 852 0 848 0 844 0 841 0 837 0 834 0 830 27 0 0 887 0 884 0 880 0 877 0 874 0 870 0 867 0 863 0 860 0 856 0 853 0 849 0 845 0 842 0 838 0 835 0 831 28 0 0 888 0 885 0 881 0 878 0 874 0 871 0 867 0 864
27. 0 784 0 781 0 837 0 833 0 830 0 826 0 823 0 820 0 816 0 813 0 809 0 806 0 803 0 799 0 796 0 792 0 789 0 785 0 782 ui PAS C Ci
28. 0 906 0 902 0 898 0 894 0 890 0 887 0 883 0 879 3 0 0 939 0 936 0 932 0 928 0 925 0 921 0 917 0 914 0 910 0 906 0 902 0 899 0 895 0 891 0 887 0 884 0 880 4 0 0 940 0 936 0 933 0 929 0 925 0 922 0 918 0 914 0 911 0 907 0 903 0 899 0 896 0 892 0 888 0 884 0 881 5 0 0 940 0 937 0 933 0 929 0 926 0 922 0 918 0 915 0 911 0 907 0 904 0 900 0 896 0 893 0 889 0 885 0 882 6 0 0 941 0 937 0 934 0 930 0 926 0 923 0 919 0 915 0 912 0 908 0 904 0 901 0 897 0 893 0 890 0 886 0 882 7 0 0 941 0 938 0 934 0 930 0 927 0 923 0 920 0 916 0 912 0 909 0 905 0 901 0 898 0 894 0 891 0 887 0 883 8 01 0 942 0 938 0 934 0 931 0 927 0 924 0 920 0 917 0 913 0 909 0 906 0 902 0 899 0 895 0 891 0 888 0 884 9 0 0 942 0 938 0 935 0 931 0 928 0 924 0 921 0 917 0 914 0 910 0 906 0 903 0 899 0 896 0 892 0 888 0 885 20 0 0 942 0 939 0 935 0 932 0 928 0 925 0 921 0 918 0 914 0 911 0 907 0 903 0 900 0 896 0 893 0 889 0 886 21 0 0 943 0 939 0 936 0 932 0 929 0 925 0 922 0 918 0 915 0 911 0 908 0 904 0 901 0 897 0 893 0 890 0 886 22 0 0 943 0 940 0 936 0 933 0 929 0 926 0 922 0 919 0 915 0 912 0 908 0 905 0 901 0 898 0 894 0 891 0 887 23 0 0 944 0 940 0 937 0 9
29. 0 g L CI 20 0 g L CI 25 0 g L CI C 5 Surface Area and Mixing Turbulence The surface area of the water gas interface may affect the rate at which gas dissolves into the water but ultimately it will not affect the total amount of gas dissolved at static non turbulent equilibrium Situations in which turbulence is constant such as the outfall from a dam spillway can host a dynamic equilibrium in which water remains supersaturated at a given point in the stream Stirring a water sample in a laboratory setting has a drastic effect on the behavior of the DO probe The nature of a Clark type probe is that it consumes oxygen in its immediate environment leading to an apparent localized drop in DO level Stirring the sample while taking data is highly recommended in order to obtain faithful DO readings It is crucial to maintain a sufficient flow rate across the membrane of the sensor Flow of about cm per second is recommended Do not stir to the point of causing excessive turbulence in the water Allow the probe to reach equilibrium in experiments that are not conducive to stirring There will be an initial drop in most cases up to 60 seconds on apparent readings until a local equilibrium is established Citations 1 14 WOW 2003 Water on the Web Monitoring Minnesota Lakes on the Internet and Training Water Science Technicians for the Future A National On line Curriculum usi
30. 105 104 0 4 0 3 02 101 101 100 99 99 9 8 9 7 9 7 9 6 9 5 9 5 17 Kino zd PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 Temp Atmospheric pressure in millimeters of mercury and inches of mercury 795 790 785 780 775 770 765 760 755 750 745 740 735 730 725 720 715 710 705 700 31 30 31 10 30 91 30 71 30 51 30 31 30 12 29 92 29 72 29 53 29 33 29 13 28 94 28 74 28 54 28 35 28 15 27 95 27 76 27 56 4 5 0 6 0 6 0 5 104 104 103 102 102 101 100 100 9 9 9 8 9 8 9 7 9 6 9 6 9 5 9 4 94 C 5 0 0 5 0 5 04 103 103 102 101 10 1 100 9 9 9 9 9 8 9 7 9 7 9 6 9 5 9 5 9 4 93 93 5 5 0 4 0 4 0 3 102 102 101 100 100 99 9 8 9 8 9 7 9 6 9 6 95 9 4 94 93 92 9 2 6 0 0 3 0 2 0 2 101 100 10 0 99 9 8 9 8 9 7 9 7 9 6 9 5 9 5 9 4 9 3 9 3 9 2 9 1 9 1 6 5 0 2 0 1 0 1 100 99 9 9 9 8 9 7 9 7 9 6 9 5 9 5 9 4 94 93 9 2 9 2 9 1 9 0 9 0 7 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 9 9 9 8 9 8 9 7 9 6 9 6 9 5 9 4 9 4 9 3 9 3 9 2 9 1 9 1 9 0 8 9 8 9 75 0 0 9 9 9 9 9 8 9 7 9 7 9 6 9 5 9 5 9 4 9 3 9 3 9 2 9 2 9 1 9 0 9 0 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 0 99 9 9 8 9 8 9 7 9 6 9 6 9 5 94 94 9 3 9 3 9 2 9 1 9 1 9 0 8 9 8 9 8 8 8 7 8 7 8 5 9 8 9 7 9 7 9 6 9 5 9 5 9 4 9 3 9 3 9 2 92 9 1 9 0 9 0 8 9 8 8 8 8 8 7 8 7 8 6
31. 17 1 7 1 6 6 0 3 0 2 9 28 128 127 126 2 5 2 4 23 123 12 2 121 2 0 1 9 L8 118 117 111 6 1 5 14 6 5 2 8 2 8 27 126 125 124 2 3 2 3 22 121 120 119 1 9 1 8 17 1166 115 115 14 13 7 0 27 2 6 25 124 124 123 2 2 2 1 20 120 119 118 1 7 1 6 L6 1 5 114 113 1 2 1 1 7 5 25 24 24 123 12 2 12 1 2 0 2 0 19 1 8 117 116 1 6 1 5 14 113 113 112 1 1 1 0 8 0 24 23 22 1214 121 120 1 9 1 8 17 L7 111 6 111 5 14 13 13 L2 11 11 0 1 0 0 9 8 5 22 2 1 21 120 119 118 1 8 1 7 16 1 5 14 114 1 3 1 2 1 1 11 110 10 9 0 8 0 7 9 0 2 1 2 0 19 118 118 11 7 1 6 1 5 15 114 13 11 2 1 2 1 1 L0 109 108 108 0 7 0 6 9 5 1 9 1 9 18 117 116 116 15 1 4 13 11 2 112 11 1 0 0 9 0 9 108 107 10 6 0 6 0 5 10 0 1 8 1 7 16 1 6 115 114 1 3 1 3 12 11 11 0 11 0 0 9 0 8 07 107 10 6 10 5 0 4 0 4 10 5 1 7 1 6 15 114 114 113 1 2 Ll 11 110 10 9 10 8 0 8 0 7 06 3105 105 104 0 3 0 2 11 0 1 5 14 14 113 112 11 2 1 1 1 0 09 109 1108 107 0 6 0 6 0 5 104 10 3 103 0 2 0 1 11 5 14 1 3 12 112 11 1 0 1 0 0 9 08 1107 107 10 6 0 5 0 4 04 103 102 10 2 0 1 0 0 12 0 1 3 12 11 11 0 110 10 9 0 8 0 8 07 106 10 5 105 0 4 03 03 102 101 10 0 0 0 9 9 12 5 1 1 1 1 10 109 108 10 8 0 7 0 6 0 6 105 104 104 0 3 0 2 01 101 100 9 9 99 9 8 13 0 1 0 0 9 09 5108 107 107 0 6 0 5 04 104 1103 10 2 0 2 0 1 0 0 100 9 9 9 8 9 7 9 7 13 5 0 9 0 8 07 107 106 10 5 0 5 0 4 03 103 1102 10 1 0 1 0 0 99 9 8 9 8 9 7 9 6 9 6 14 0 0 8 0 7 06 106
32. 28 0 924 0 921 0 918 0 914 0 911 0 908 0 905 0 901 0 898 0 895 33 0 0 947 0 944 0 941 0 938 0 935 0 931 0 928 0 925 0 922 0 918 0 915 0 912 0 908 0 905 0 902 0 899 0 895 34 0 0 948 0 945 0 941 0 938 0 935 0 932 0 929 0 925 0 922 0 919 0 916 0 912 0 909 0 906 0 903 0 899 0 896 35 0 0 948 0 945 0 942 0 939 0 935 0 932 0 929 0 926 0 923 0 919 0 916 0 913 0 910 0 906 0 903 0 900 0 897 Temp Conductivity in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius C 34000 35000 36000 37000 38000 39000 40000 41000 42000 43000 44000 45000 46000 47000 48000 49000 50000 5 0 0 869 0 865 0 861 0 857 0 853 0 849 0 845 0 841 0 837 0 833 0 829 0 825 0 821 0 817 0 813 0 809 0 805 6 0 0 870 0 866 0 862 0 858 0 854 0 850 0 846 0 842 0 838 0 834 0 830 0 826 0 822 0 818 0 814 0 810 0 806 7 0 0 871 0 867 0 863 0 859 0 855 0 851 0 847 0 843 0 839 0 835 0 831 0 828 0 824 0 820 0 816 0 812 0 808 8 0 0 872 0 868 0 864 0 860 0 856 0 852 0 848 0 844 0 840 0 837 0 833 0 829 0 825 0 821 0 817 0 813 0 809 9 0 0 873 0 869 0 865 0 861 0 857 0 853 0 849 0 845
33. 33 0 930 0 926 0 923 0 919 0 916 0 912 0 909 0 905 0 902 0 898 0 895 0 891 0 888 33 PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 Conductivity in microsiemens per centimeter at 25 degrees Celsius 17000 18000 19000 20000 21000 22000 23000 24000 25000 26000 27000 28000 29000 30000 31000 32000 33000 0 930 0 910 0 903 0 944 0 941 0 938 0 934 0 931 0 927 0 924 0 921 0 917 0 914 0 910 0 907 0 903 0 900 0 896 0 893 0 889 0 945 0 941 0 938 0 935 0 931 0 928 0 925 0 921 0 918 0 914 0 911 0 907 0 904 0 901 0 897 0 894 0 890 27 0 0 945 0 942 0 938 0 935 0 932 0 928 0 925 0 922 0 918 0 915 0 911 0 908 0 905 0 901 0 898 0 894 0 891 28 0 0 946 0 942 0 939 0 936 0 932 0 929 0 926 0 922 0 919 0 915 0 912 0 909 0 905 0 902 0 898 0 895 0 892 29 0 0 946 0 943 0 939 0 936 0 933 0 929 0 926 0 923 0 919 0 916 0 913 0 909 0 906 0 903 0 899 0 896 0 892 30 0 0 946 0 943 0 940 0 936 0 933 0 930 0 927 0 923 0 920 0 917 0 913 0 910 0 907 0 903 0 900 0 896 0 893 31 0 0 947 0 943 0 940 0 937 0 934 0 930 0 927 0 924 0 920 0 917 0 914 0 911 0 907 0 904 0 901 0 897 0 894 32 0 0 947 0 944 0 941 0 937 0 934 0 931 0 9
34. 4 The Digits display opens automatically Open additional or alternate displays as desired lFind a more detailed discussion in Michael L Hitchman Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen John Wiley and Sons New York 1978 pp 59 123 17 Kino PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 Eguilibrate the Probe in 1007 Humidified Air 1 2 3 Perform a Single point Calibration mg l Dissolved O2 1 Place about 5 mL to a height of about 1 cm of deionized water into a clean soaker bottle Slip the cap and O ring of the soaker bottle over the end of the probe Shake Insert the probe into the soaker bottle and screw on the lid vigorously Adjust the height of the end of the probe to about 2 cm above the top of the water Figure 4 Soaker Bottle Shake the soaker bottle vigorously for about 10 seconds Shake off any large water drops from the membrane L Figure 4 To eguilibrate the probe insert the end of the probe into a clean soaker bottle containing 5 mL of deionized K water Shake the probe vigorously for Obtain current barometric pressure and temperature readings about 10 Sec for your location You can use the PAPSPORT Barometer PS 2113 and Temperature Sensor PS 2131 or the PASPORT Weather Sensor PS 2154 to take the necessary measurements Refer to the Solubility table 1 in Appendix C and find the appropriate dissolved oxygen value for the temperature and barometric press
35. 4 7 3 7 3 7 2 7 2 7 1 7 0 21 0 8 1 8 1 8 0 79 7 9 7 8 7 8 7 1 7 6 7 6 7 5 7 5 74 73 73 7 2 7 2 TA 7 0 7 0 21 5 8 0 8 0 7 9 7 9 7 8 77 77 7 6 7 6 7 5 74 74 4 3 7 3 7 2 7 1 7 1 7 0 7 0 6 9 22 0 8 0 7 9 7 8 7 8 T T 7 6 145 7 5 74 74 7 3 7 2 7 2 7 1 7 1 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 8 22 5 7 9 7 8 7 8 77 7 6 7 6 7 5 7 5 7 4 7 3 7 3 7 2 7 2 7 1 7 1 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 23 0 7 8 77 77 7 6 7 6 7 9 4 5 74 7 3 7 3 7 2 72 7 1 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 23 5 7 7 77 7 6 7 6 7 3 74 74 73 73 7 2 7 2 74 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 24 0 77 7 6 7 5 735 74 74 7 3 7 3 7 2 1 1 7 4 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 24 5 7 6 7 5 7 5 74 74 7 3 7 2 7 2 7 1 7 1 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 25 0 7 5 7 5 74 73 73 7 2 7 2 71 7 1 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 64 25 5 74 74 7 3 7 3 7 2 72 7 1 7 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 4 64 26 0 74 73 7 3 7 2 7 2 7 1 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 4 6 3 26 5 7 3 7 2 7 2 74 7 1 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 4 6 3 6 3 30 AS C Ci Model No PS 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor AS C Ci Temp Atmospheric pressure in millimeters of mercury and inches of mercury 695 690 685 680 675 670 665 660 6
36. 55 650 645 640 635 630 625 620 615 610 605 600 C 27 36 27 17 26 97 26 77 26 57 26 38 26 18 25 98 25 79 25 59 25 39 25 20 25 00 24 80 24 61 24 41 24 21 24 02 23 82 23 62 27 0 72 7 2 73 71 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 4 6 3 6 3 6 2 27 5 71 71 7 0 7 0 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 4 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 2 28 0 7 1 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 4 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 1 6 1 28 5 7 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 4 6 3 6 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 6 0 29 0 6 9 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 4 6 3 6 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 29 5 6 9 6 8 6 8 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 5 9 30 0 6 8 6 8 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 4 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 5 9 5 9 30 5 6 7 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 4 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 5 9 5 9 5 8 31 0 6 7 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 64 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 5 9 5 9 5 8 5 8 315 6 6 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 4 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 5 9 5 9 5 8 5 8 5 7 32 0 6 6 6 5 6 5 6 4 6 4 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 5 9 5 9 5 8 5 8 5 7 57 32 5 6 5 6 5 64 6 4 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 5 9 5 9 5 8 5 8 S7 57 5 6 33 0 6 5 6 4 6 4 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 5 9 59 5 8 5 8 5 7 5 7 5 6 5 6 33 5 64 6 4 6 3 6 3 62 62 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 5 9 5 9 5 8 5 8 5 7 5 7 5 6 5 6 5 5 34 0 64 6 3 6 3 6 2 6 2 6 1 6 1 6 0 6 0 5 9 5 9 5 8 5 8 3 7 AT 5 6 5 6 5 5 5 5
37. 874 0 870 2 0 0 935 0 931 0 927 0 923 0 919 0 915 0 911 0 907 0 903 0 899 0 895 0 891 0 887 0 883 0 879 0 875 0 871 3 0 0 935 0 931 0 927 0 923 0 919 0 915 0 911 0 907 0 903 0 899 0 895 0 891 0 887 0 883 0 879 0 875 0 871 4 0 0 935 0 932 0 928 0 924 0 920 0 916 0 912 0 908 0 904 0 900 0 896 0 892 0 888 0 884 0 880 0 876 0 872 5 0 0 936 0 932 0 928 0 924 0 920 0 917 0 913 0 909 0 905 0 901 0 897 0 893 0 889 0 885 0 881 0 877 0 873 6 0 0 936 0 933 0 929 0 925 0 921 0 917 0 913 0 909 0 905 0 902 0 898 0 894 0 890 0 886 0 882 0 878 0 874 7 0 0 937 0 933 0 929 0 925 0 922 0 918 0 914 0 910 0 906 0 902 0 898 0 894 0 891 0 887 0 883 0 879 0 875 8 0 0 937 0 933 0 930 0 926 0 922 0 918 0 914 0 911 0 907 0 903 0 899 0 895 0 891 0 887 0 884 0 880 0 876 9 0 0 938 0 934 0 930 0 926 0 923 0 919 0 915 0 911 0 907 0 904 0 900 0 896 0 892 0 888 0 884 0 880 0 877 0 0 0 938 0 934 0 931 0 927 0 923 0 919 0 916 0 912 0 908 0 904 0 900 0 897 0 893 0 889 0 885 0 881 0 877 11 0 0 939 0 935 0 931 0 927 0 924 0 920 0 916 0 912 0 909 0 905 0 901 0 897 0 894 0 890 0 886 0 882 0 878 2 0 0 939 0 935 0 932 0 928 0 924 0 920 0 917 0 913 0 909
38. 93 0 789 0 786 0 782 0 778 0 774 0 770 0 766 0 763 0 759 0 755 0 751 0 814 0 810 0 806 0 802 0 798 0 795 0 791 0 787 0 783 0 779 0 776 0 772 0 768 0 764 0 760 0 756 0 753 0 815 0 811 0 807 0 804 0 800 0 796 0 792 0 788 0 785 0 781 0 777 0 773 0 769 0 766 0 762 0 758 0 754 7 0 0 816 0 812 0 809 0 805 0 801 0 797 0 794 0 790 0 786 0 782 0 778 0 775 0 771 0 767 0 763 0 760 0 756 8 0 0 817 0814 0 810 0 806 0 802 0 799 0 795 0 791 0 787 0 784 0 780 0 776 0 772 0 769 0 765 0 761 0 757 9 0 0 819 0 815 0 811 0 807 0 804 0 800 0 796 0 792 0 789 0 785 0 781 0 777 0 774 0 770 0 766 0 763 0 759 20 0 0 820 0 816 0 812 0 809 0 805 0 801 0 797 0 794 0 790 0 786 0 783 0 779 0 775 0 771 0 768 0 764 0 760 21 0 0 821 0 817 0 814 0 810 0 806 0 802 0 799 0 795 0 791 0 788 0 784 0 780 0 777 0 773 0 769 0 766 0 762 22 0 0 822 0 818 0 815 0 811 0 807 0 804 0 800 0 796 0 793 0 789 0 785 0 782 0 778 0 774 0 771 0 767 0 763 23 0 0 823 0 820 0 816 0 812 0 809 0 805 0 801 0 798 0 794 0 790 0 787 0 783 0 779 0 776 0 772 0 768 0 765 24 0 0 824 0 821 0 817 0 814 0 810 0 806 0 803 0 799 0 795 0 792 0 788
39. Instruction Manual Manual No 012 07688E PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 RE SHS 85 Ed Pa ons EE Kol m S J Ule 0 10101 Foothills Blvd Roseville 95747 7100 5 Phone 916 786 3800 FAX 916 786 8905 www pasco com Instruction Manual Manual No 012 07688E PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 RE SHS 85 Ed Pa ons EE Kol m S J Ule 0 10101 Foothills Blvd Roseville 95747 7100 5 Phone 916 786 3800 FAX 916 786 8905 www pasco com Model No PS 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Table of Contents Equipment LIST Adis aaa 1 Meis La oe i asa a i a a ii a r a ia i 1 DO Sensor Setup and Calibration 3 Prepare the Sensor for First Use a as K il a al ia m 3 Set up the Dissolved Oxygen Sensor with esee 3 Equilibrate the Probe in 100 Humidified Air 4 Perform a Single point Calibration mg l Dissolved 4 Setup to Calibrate in Percent 70 aaa 4 General Sampling 6 Measurements in a Controlled Laboratory Setting essere 6 Using the Dissolved Oxyge
40. dation of the silver Ag atoms of a oe electrolyte the anode A voltage of 0 7 volts is applied across the electrodes causing the desired redox reaction see below to be favored When the dissolved probe is silver Ag A d placed in an aqueous medium such as deionized water that contains dissolved the dissolved O gt molecules cathode diffuse across a thin silicon membrane into the electrolyte that surrounds the electrodes of the probe Figure 1 The membrane is semipermeable allowing solution the dissolved to pass through it but preventing passage by most other molecules that might interfere Figure 1 Oxygen molecules pass through the with the chemical reactions at the electrodes The f semipermeable merbrane into the chemical reactions produce electrons that cause electric electrolyte surrounding the electrodes current to flow through the sensor s electric circuit Since the rate of diffusion is dependent on the concentration of the dissolved the number of diffused O molecules will vary approximately in direct proportion to the concentration of dissolved in the test solution Accordingly the number of electrons produced by the redox chemical reactions of the dissolved will be almost directly proportional to the concentration of dissolved in the test solution The following is an overview of the chemical and electrical processes at each of the electrod
41. e in millimeters of mercury and inches of mercury 795 790 785 780 775 770 765 760 755 750 745 740 735 730 725 720 715 710 705 700 C 31 30 31 10 30 91 30 71 30 51 30 31 30 12 29 92 29 72 29 53 29 33 29 13 28 94 28 74 28 54 28 35 28 15 27 95 27 76 27 56 0 0 5 3 5 2 51 15 0 149 148 47 46 45 144 143 142 4 1 4 0 39 13 8 13 7 136 3 5 34 0 5 5 1 5 0 49 148 147 146 4 5 44 43 142 141 140 3 9 3 8 37 1336 13 5 134 3 3 3 2 1 0 4 8 4 7 47 146 145 144 4 3 4 2 41 140 139 138 3 7 3 6 3 5 134 133 13 2 3 2 3 1 1 5 4 6 4 5 45 144 143 142 4 1 4 0 3 9 13 8 137 13 6 3 5 3 4 33 132 132 131 3 0 2 9 2 0 44 43 43 142 141 140 3 9 3 8 37 136 13 5 134 3 3 3 3 32 131 13 0 129 2 8 2 7 2 5 4 2 4 2 41 14 0 13 9 13 8 XT 3 6 3 5 13 4 133 133 3 2 3 1 3 0 129 128 12 7 2 6 2 5 3 0 4 1 4 0 39 13 8 137 136 3 5 3 4 33 13 3 132 131 3 0 2 9 28 127 12 6 12 5 2 5 24 3 5 3 9 3 8 37 136 13 5 134 3 3 3 3 32 113 1 13 0 12 9 2 8 2 7 26 126 12 5 124 2 3 2 2 4 0 3 7 3 6 3 5 134 13 3 133 3 2 3 1 30 129 128 127 2 6 2 6 25 124 123 122 2 1 2 0 4 5 3 5 3 4 33 133 132 131 3 0 2 9 28 127 127 126 2 5 24 23 122 121 121 2 0 1 9 5 0 3 3 3 3 32 13 1 13 0 12 9 2 8 2 7 27 126 125 124 23 22 22 121 120 1 9 1 8 1 7 5 5 32 3 1 30 129 12 8 127 27 26 25 124 123 12 2 2 2 2 1 20 119 11 8 1
42. ed for use with a PASPort interface or logger plus DataStudio data acquisition software In the laboratory students can explore the effects of temperature water movement inorganic chemicals organic matter and living organisms on levels of dissolved They can also monitor dissolved levels in the field as a part of ecological surveys of aqueous habitats including BOD Biological Oxygen Demand studies The Dissolved Oxygen Sensor is designed for use in aqueous media at temperatures ranging from 10 C to 40 C For greatest accuracy the following requirements should be met although the unit is temperature compensated it should be calibrated at approximately the same temperature as the test solution the sensor must equilibrate for a short period when the temperature of the test solution changes the greater the temperature change the longer the period of equilibration required the test solution should constantly flow past the membrane of the probe The Dissolved Oxygen Sensor has a polarographic probe composed of a platinum cathode and a silver Ag anode surrounded by a potassium chloride KCl electrolyte solution PASPORT sensors require a PASPORT computer interface AS C Ci PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 The sensor functions by measuring the electric current produced by a chemical reaction in the probe The chemical reaction involves the reduction of oxygen Oo BE ee molecules and the oxi
43. eionized water e pipet Optional Materials e hot plate stir plate and magnetic stir bar CAUTION Sodium sulfite is a potential skin irritant Use safety glasses and avoid skin contact Skin that contacts the solution should be rinsed liberally with water Purpose The purpose of the experiment is to explore the effect of the inorganic chemical sodium sulfite on dissolved O concentrations Sodium sulfite is a commonly used chemical in photographic developers paper making dyeing bleaching and engraving Procedure 1 2 20 Set up and calibrate the Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Saturate the deionized water with air by vigorously shaking the water in a bottle or by bubbling with the aquarium pump Monitor the dissolved O concentrations of the deionized water while stirring gently with the dissolved probe When the meter reading stabilizes record for 30 seconds After 30 seconds add 1 ml of the 2 M NaSO solution into the water Figure 3 Stir test solution with probe while adding sodium sulfite Continue stirring the solution and recording until the reaction stops Stop recording and save your data AS C Ci Model No PS 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Questions 1 Describe the effect of sodium sulfite on dissolved concentrations 2 Discuss some potential environmental effects of untreated effluent from industries or businesses such as paper mills and photo labs that may use
44. es that are involved in measuring dissolved O gt current to amplifier with the Dissolved Oxygen Sensor potasium chloride As soon as the dissolved O gt electrolyte molecules pass through the silicon silver Ag membrane into the electrolyte anode solution they come into close proximity to the platinum cathode cartridge Figure 2 The negative charge d housing excess electrons of the cathode HEUS induces the reduction of the insulator dissolved forming hydroxide EA membrane B Figure 2 2 4e gt 40H molecules diffuse across the membrane and react with water molecules in the presence of electrons from the cathode to form hydroxide ions Hydroxide ions diffuse to the anode and react with silver Ag atoms forming silver oxide Ag2O water and free electrons Reduction potential 0 40V i AS C Ci Model No PS 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor The negatively charged hydroxide ions diffuse to the silver anode There they combine with silver Ag atoms from the silver anode forming silver oxide and releasing electrons that join the current in the electrode in the following chemical reaction 4Ag 40H 2Ag 0 2 4e Reduction potential 0 343V The released electrons produce a current that passes from the electrode and is amplified The current due to the chemical reactions of the O5 molecules must be corrected for temperature variations since the
45. essures while maintaining the same temperature gas and solvent allows one to draw a relationship that excludes Henry s Law Constant ci C2 P1 P2 If a gas liguid system starts at equilibrium and the partial pressure of a gas is increased with other factors such as temperature remaining unchanged the amount of gas that is dissolved in the liquid at the new equilibrium will increase For example P1 1012 millibars approximately sea level C129mg L P2 790 millibars approximately 6700 ft or 2050 m above sea level 9m x 790 milibars 7 mg L The most significant way in which this effect manifests itself is the reduced maximum possible dissolved oxygen at higher altitudes This is the reason why barometric pressure at the sample site is important Higher altitudes lead to a decrease in atmospheric pressure all atmospheric gases which leads to a decrease in the partial pressure of oxygen as well as all of the other atmospheric gases Please note the weather services often report barometric pressure for a location which is normalized for the same local conditions as if reported at sea level that is the values are corrected for altitude The decrease in atmosphere pressure with increase in altitude is not linear Please see the altitude correction table in order to compensate for altitude differences 3 Hydrostatic Pressure Water under significant pressure may hold a higher amount of dissolved gas compa
46. ignificantly more than 10 different than the high value re calibrate the sensor Data Analysis Questions 1 2 16 Why does the measured dissolved concentration decline when you leave the probe undisturbed Why does measured dissolved concentration stop declining while the probe is undisturbed Why does the measured dissolved concentration rise when you move the probe through the test solution Why does the measured dissolved concentration stop rising while the probe is moving through the test solution Which measurement is the most accurate representation of the dissolved concentration of the test solution Explain why it is important to move a steady flow of the test solution by the membrane of the Dissolved Oxygen Sensor while taking dissolved O gt concentration measurements AS C Ci Model No PS 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Experiment 2 Photosynthesis and Oxygen Generation with Aguatic Plants Purpose Explore the change in level of dissolved oxygen in water associated with photosynthesis of aguatic plants Materials and Equipment Needed e 2 PASPort DO sensors PS 2108 2 PASPort USB Links PS 2100 USB equipped computer running DataStudio software 100 watt incandescent lamp or equivalent ab stand s Masking Tape Paper 2 Test Tubes 25mm x 150mm 1 1000 mL beaker 1 healthy sprig of Elodea Deionized or clean fresh water Background Plants
47. ip Position the light about one meter away from the beaker so that it can illuminate the plants through the side of the beaker horizontally Turn the light on for a momentary check of positioning then turn it off AS C Ci Model No PS 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Collecting Data 8 Begin collecting data Allow the system to take in ambient light for 60 seconds and then cover the entire set up with an opague cloth such as a rubberized lab apron After fifteen minutes remove the cover and turn on the light Continue to collect data for another fifteen minutes Stop data collection 9 If desired conduct additional data runs in a similar manner Sample Data Ambient Light Bright Light 60 sec to 16 Minutes RZ darkness 16 Min to 31 Minutes 2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 32 Time minutes Analysis 1 Discuss the reasons for use of a control in this experiment 2 Why was it not necessary to calibrate the sensors to an absolute standard 17 Kino PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 Experiment 3 Effect of Sodium Sulfite on Dissolved O2 Concentrations Materials and Equipment Needed e Dissolved Oxygen Sensor PASPort interface or logger 2M sodium sulfite 25 2 g Na5S04 100 ml aquarium pump or large bottle e PASPort USB Interface and DataStudio software 600 ml beaker 400 ml d
48. iration On Dissolved Concentration Purpose The purpose of the experiment is to explore the effect of respiration on dissolved concentrations Materials required Dissolved Oxygen Sensor PS 2108 400 ml deionized water e PASPort interface hardware and DataStudio software aquarium pump or large bottle package rapid active yeast 600 ml beaker 2 table sugar Optional materials hot plate stir plate and magnetic stir bar Procedure 1 Set up and calibrate the Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Stir 1 teaspoon sugar into the deionized water and Monitor the dissolved concentrations of the When the reading stabilizes click the Start button in Follow the directions on the yeast package to activate the yeast in a beaker using tap water and sugar saturate it with air deionized sugar water while stirring gently with the dissolved probe Figure 1 Transfer activated yeast solution to the DataStudio and record data for 30 seconds test beaker After 30 seconds transfer about teaspoon of the activated yeast solution into the water Continue stirring with the probe and recording data for about 10 minutes or until the oxygen level stabilizes 23 PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 8 Stop recording and save the data Questions 1 What is the evidence that the yeast cells are alive and respiring during the experiment 2 Wha
49. lity in waters of varying salinity To obtain theoretical maximum DO in saline waters consult the following table for the theoretical maximum dissolved oxygen at saturation the low calibration value will remain at 0 mg L DO table from Ambient Water Quality Criteria 19973 For values not found in the table use the nomogram found on page 28 in Hitchman 1978 4 Solubility of oxygen in water fresh and saline exposed to water saturated air at sea level 760 mm Hg 101 3 kPa Chlorinity freshwater Temp 0 g L CI 5 0 g L CI 10 0 g L CI 15 0 g L CI 20 0 g L CI 25 0 g L CI C 0 0 14 621 13 728 12 888 12 097 11 355 10 657 1 0 14 216 13 356 12 545 11 783 11 066 10 392 2 0 13 829 13 000 12 218 11 483 10 790 10 139 3 0 13 460 12 660 11 906 11 195 10 526 9 897 4 0 13 107 12 335 11 607 10 920 10 273 9 664 5 0 12 770 12 024 11 320 10 656 10 031 9 441 6 0 12 447 11 727 11 046 10 404 9 799 9 228 7 0 12 139 11 442 11 783 10 162 9 576 9 023 8 0 11 843 11 169 10 531 9 930 9 362 8 826 9 0 11 559 10 907 10 290 9 707 9 156 8 636 10 0 11 288 10 656 10 058 9 493 8 959 8 454 11 0 11 027 10 415 9 835 9 287 8 769 8 279 12 0 10 777 10 183 9 621 9 089 8 586 8 111 13 0 10 537 9 961 9 416 8 899 8 411 7 949 14 0 10 306 9 747 9 218 8 716 8 242 7 792 17 Kino gt PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 Chlorinity freshwater Temp 0 g L CI 5 0 g L CI 10 0 g L CI 15
50. n DataStudio according to the calibration procedure detailed in this manual 2 Place the probe in the test solution and stir it gently for thirty seconds 3 Click the Start button on the DataStudio toolbar to begin recording data Data Run 1 4 Being careful to keep the stainless steel band submerged to at least cm under the surface of the water gently stir the probe in the test solution until the dissolved readings stabilize Figure 1 Gently stir the probe in the test solution 5 Click the Stop button on the DataStudio toolbar to end data recording 17 Kino PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 9 10 Click the Stop button to end data recording Save the recorded Click the Start button on the DataStudio toolbar to begin recording data Data Run 2 Allow the probe to rest undisturbed in the test solution and observe the sensor reading After the sensor reading stabilizes at the new level gently move the probe back and forth through the test solution and observe the sensor reading After the sensor reading stabilizes at the new level repeat steps 6 and 7 several times Figure 2 data Allow the probe to rest undisturbed in the test solution Note The concentration of dissolved should be about the level of the high value that you entered during calibration If not check to be sure that there are no large air bubbles on the bottom of the probe If the value is still s
51. n Sensor with other PASCO Sensors a 6 Maintenance AR kak k r ks i as errieta aa 7 Changing the Electrolyte solution sees eene nem enne nere 7 Replacing the Mernbrane eio Ferte ee a Ee v ue uka ERE i a o ks ERE UR 7 Replacing the u mte dem nti dieie gute t 8 pigs e E 9 Short Term Storage two weeks or less ener ener enne 9 Long Term Storage more than two weeks aaa aaa nre eene 9 Troubleshooti g HM sa da ki ia a 9 Theory of Dissolved Oxygen 10 What is the chemical mechanism by which diatomic oxygen dissolves in water 10 ATOMS ceases eek cas caste uae i a he 14 Experiment 1 Introduction to the Operation of the Dissolved O2 Sensor 15 luno 15 Materials and Equipment Needed sess eren enne 15 Optional Equipment Suggested eren rere nnne 15 PrOCedUr u 2h ua M 15 Data Analy Sis fQu S 0BS u u u u aa me He E 16 Experiment 2 Photosynthesis and Oxygen Generation with Aquatic Plants 17 PUT POSE RE 17 Materials and Equipment Needed
52. ng Advanced Technologies and Real Time Data http wow nrri umn edu University of Minnesota Duluth Duluth MN 55812 Table HY DO 1 from Globe Dissolved Oxygen Protocol http www globe gov tctg hydro_prot_do pdf sectionId 151 Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Dissolved Oxygen February 1997 Water Management Branch Environment and Lands Headquarters Division Ministry Of Environment Lands and Parks Canada Hitchman Michael L 1978 Measurement of Dissolved Oxygen John Wiley and Sons New York 255 p AS C Ci Model No PS 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Experiment 1 Introduction to the Operation of the Dissolved O2 Sensor Purpose The purpose of the experiment is to explore the basic operation of the Dissolved Oxygen Sensor how to set it up how to calibrate it and how to obtain the most accurate measurements with it Materials and Equipment Needed e Dissolved Oxygen Sensor 5 2108 600 ml beaker PASCO ScienceWorkshop 400 ml deionized water saturated with air e PASPort Interface and DataStudio software Reference tables for dissolved oxygen aquarium pump optional Optional Equipment Suggested To saturate deionized water with air fill a clean container one third full with deionized water seal it and shake vigorously for 10 seconds Alternatively bubble air through the deionized water for 15 minutes using an aquarium pump Procedure 1 Set up and calibrate the Dissolved Oxygen Sensor i
53. red to water under less pressure Plumbing systems are commonly under significant pressure The gases dissolved in water that is in a plumbing system may be at equilibrium at that pressure but when the pressure is released or decreased by an act such as drawing the water from a tap into a container at atmospheric pressure the solution may be supersaturated This phenomenon is similar to opening a can of carbonated beverage or soda pop However the dissolved gases may take several seconds to several hours to reach AS C Ci Model No PS 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor eguilibrium A famous naturally occurring case of supersaturation and subseguent gas release in this case it was dissolved carbon dioxide gas was the Lake Nyos tragedy which took place in Cameroon 1986 4 Salinity Salt and other solids dissolved in water will affect the total amount of gas that a liguid solvent can dissolve Given otherwise identical conditions fresh water can hold more dissolved oxygen than salt water When measuring dissolved oxygen in salt water in excess of 1000 mg L dissolved salts calibrate the probe in a sample of the salt water in which the DO measurement is desired For situations in which the salt content is not constant such as estuarine environments one must calibrate the probe using fresh water For each DO reading one must also make an accurate determination of dissolved salt content in order to account for the change in oxygen solubi
54. ridge 2 After removing the membrane cartridge remove the O ring with a pair L housing of fine tipped tweezers and insert a new O ring Sa O ring 3 Insert the membrane cartridge as directed in step 4 of Replacing the Figure 8 Examine the O ring for Membrane damage 4 Fill with electrolyte and reassemble the probe as directed in steps 4 through 7 of Changing the Electrolyte Solution S AS C Ci Model No 5 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Storage Short Term Storage two weeks or less Store the probe in the plastic storage bag with the tip inserted in the soaker bottle containing about 10 ml of deionized water Long Term Storage more than two weeks 1 Unscrew and remove the cartridge housing by turning it to the left Always hold the probe below the stainless steel band when unscrewing the cartridge housing or otherwise applying torque to the end of the probe 2 Dispose of the electrolyte and rinse the electrode with tap water or deionized water in areas with hard tap water and dry it with a paper towel removing loose silver oxide Ag gt 0 from the anode 3 Rinse the cartridge housing with tap water and allow it to air dry 4 Rinse the soaker bottle with tap or deionized water and shake dry 5 Replace the cartridge housing onto the probe and place the dry probe in its storage bag with the end of the probe in the soaker bottle to protect the membrane from damage Troubleshooting If the Dissolved Ox
55. sated 10 C 40 C Temperature range 0 C 60 C Output medium saturated with air 240 320 nA Membrane 1 ml silicon Probe body PVC Replacement Parts Order from PASCO 1 800 772 8700 Replacement kit part number CI 6541 includes Three dissolved O gt probe membrane cartridge three O rings bottle of dissolved probe filling solution contains enough solution to refill the probe about ten times 10 ml syringe Plunger tool Technical Support For assistance with the PS 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor or any other PASCO products contact PASCO as follows Address Phone Phone FAX Web Email 26 PASCO scientific 10101 Foothills Blvd Roseville CA 95747 7100 800 772 8700 toll free within U S 916 786 3800 916 786 3292 WWW pasco com support pasco com AS C Ci Model No PS 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Appendix C Tables Table 1 Concentration of dissolved oxygen mg L in water at various temperatures and pressures From R F Weiss 1970 Temp C temperature in degrees Celsius atmospheric pressures from 695 600 millimeters mercury 27 36 23 62 Hg begin after 40 C Conversion Factors 1 0 Hg 25 4 mmHg 33 86 mb or hPa Temp Atmospheric pressur
56. t happens to the yeast cells when the dissolved O2 concentration reaches zero Hint Look carefully at the beaker that contains the concentrated yeast solution and think about how yeast is used in industry AS C Ci Model No PS 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Appendix A Copyright and Warranty Information Copyright Notice The PASCO scientific 012 07688D manual is copyrighted and all rights are reserved However permission is granted to non profit educational institutions for reproduction of any part of the Dissolved Oxygen Sensor manual providing the reproductions are used only for their laboratories and are not sold for profit Reproduction under any other circumstances without the written consent of PASCO scientific is prohibited Limited Warranty PASCO scientific warrants the product to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to the customer PASCO will repair or replace at its option any part of the product which is deemed to be defective in material or workmanship The warranty does not cover damage to the product caused by abuse or improper use Determination of whether a product failure 15 the result of a manufacturing defect or improper use by the customer shall be made solely by PASCO scientific Responsibility for the return of eguipment for warranty repair belongs to the customer Eguipment must be properly packed to prevent damage and shipped postage or freight
57. test solution until the silver temperature compensation band is submerged 2 Click the Start button on the DataStudio tool bar or select Monitor Data from the Experiment menu 3 Gently swirl the probe for a minute or two until the dissolved oxygen readings stabilize around a value As an alternative use a magnetic stirrer to slowly stir the test solution do not stir fast enough to entrain air bubbles or form a large vortex Measurements in a Controlled Laboratory Setting In a laboratory setting you can make long term measurements of dissolved oxygen levels by gently and continuously stirring the solution with a magnetic stir plate and stir bar Minimize the surface area of the atmosphere liguid interface to retard gas exchange with the atmosphere A vessel such as an Erlenmeyer flask or a large test tube works well Note DO NOT USE MINERAL OIL as it is difficult to clean from the membrane Using the Dissolved Oxygen Sensor with other PASCO Sensors Some PASCO sensors including the Dissolved Oxygen Sensor emit electrical signals into the test solution and may interfere with other sensors taking simultaneous measurements If you want to take simultaneous measurements with the Dissolved Oxygen Sensor and another PASCO sensor such as the Conductivity Sensor or pH Sensor conduct controlled experiments and ensure that no intra sensor interference occurs under your experimental conditions AS C Ci Model No PS 2108 Dissolved O
58. tridge housing over the electrode and turn to the right to tighten Figure 6 7 Dry with a paper towel or tissue Replacing the Membrane If the silicon membrane becomes torn or otherwise damaged replace it as follows 1 Follow steps 1 through 3 under Changing the Electrolyte Solution above 17 Kino a RI 4 grasp probe below metal band P twist housing to the right Figure 6 Replacing the cartridge housing PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 2 Use the supplied plunger to push the membrane cartridge out of the cartridge housing Figure 7A A 3 Examine the O ring Figure 8 and replace it if it is damaged See Replacing the O ring below plunger plunger 4 Insert a replacement membrane cartridge and use the plunger to push it down until it is seated at the end of the oning housing that has the O ring Figure 7B T replacement membrane membrane 5 Fill with electrolyte and reassemble the probe as directed gt O ring in steps 4 through 7 of Changing the Electrolyte Figure 7 Solution Removing and replacing the membrane cartridge Replacing the O ring The O ring should rarely if ever reguire replacing However if it develops nicks or splits and begins to allow leakage of the electrolyte solution from the probe replace it as follows 1 Follow steps land 2 of the procedure for replacing the membrane cartridge above cart
59. ure at your location Example At a temperature of 25 C and a barometric pressure of 760 MM Hg 8 2 mg of oxygen will dissolve in one liter of water at 100 saturation In DataStudio click the Setup button on the toolbar Make sure mg L is selected next to the Calibrate button in the Dissolved Oxygen Sensor dialog With the DO sensor equilibrated as described above click the Calibrate button Refer to the tables for the value of mg l dissolved in saturated water at the temperature and uncorrected barometric pressure at which you are measuring If you do not know the barometric pressure assume that it is 760 mm Hg Enter the value in the mg l box Click OK Setup to Calibrate in Percent Saturation 1 DataStudio only Click the Setup button on the DataStudio toolbar Click the mg L button next to the Calibrate button and select from the drop down menu Note Always calibrate the probe before measuring absolute rather than relative concentrations Calibrate at or close to the temperature and barometric pressure at which the test solution is to be measured Note Percent saturation output is valid only at the temperature and barometric pressure at which the probe is calibrated Note Before taking measurements of dissolved oxygen DO concentration rather than saturation change AS C Ci Model No PS 2108 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor 2 3 your software settings back to mg L
60. xygen Sensor Maintenance Changing the Electrolyte solution The electrolyte solution probe filling solution should be periodically replaced and the silver electrode cleaned to maintain optimal performance of the probe If the probe is not performing optimally replace the electrolyte solution as follows 1 Unscrew the end of the probe by turning it to the left and remove the cartridge housing Figure 5 Always hold the probe below the stainless steel band when unscrewing the cartridge housing or otherwise applying torgue to the end of the probe 2 Rinse the electrode with tap water or deionized water in areas with hard tap water and rub it dry with a paper towel removing loose silver oxide Ag5O from the anode 3 Rinse and air dry the cartridge housing 4 Pull about 10 ml of the Polarographic solution into the syringe being careful not to introduce air bubbles grasp probe below metal band unscrew tip fill to here syringe tip close to but not touching the menbrane clean loose Ag O from the anode 5 Place the tip of the syringe very close to but not touching the membrane and slowly fill the membrane cartridge and cartridge housing to approximately 5 mm from the top of the housing Figure 5 Removing the cartridge housing and filling with electrolyte Note Tap the cartridge housing while filling to avoid introducing air bubbles 6 Holding the probe in a vertical position slip the car
61. ygen Sensor does not give the expected output do the following and check the function of the sensor after each step until the sensor works properly 1 Replace the filling solution See Changing the Electrolyte Solution 2 Replace the membrane See Replacing the Membrane 3 Check the O ring and replace if necessary See Replacing the O ring If the Dissolved Oxygen Sensor still does not function properly contact Technical Support See the Technical Support section in the back of this manual LEIHO 9 PASPort Dissolved Oxygen Sensor Model No PS 2108 Theory of Dissolved Oxygen What is the chemical mechanism by which diatomic oxygen dissolves in water This is a particularly eloguent description of the mechanism of oxygen solubility in water from Water on the Web Water as a polar molecule induces an accumulation of electron density dipole moment at one end of nonpolar gas molecules such as oxygen O and carbon dioxide CO In animation observe a polar water molecule approaching a nonpolar O gt molecule The electron cloud of is normally distributed symmetrically between the bonded atoms As the negative end of the H5O molecule approaches the oxygen molecule the electron cloud of the O moves away to reduce the negative to negative repulsion As a result a dipole a molecule with positive and negative charges separated by a distance has been induced in the nonpolar O gt molecule causing and H
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