PASCO Specialty & Mfg. ME-8569 User's Manual
Contents
1. Instruction Manual and 012 047748 Experiment Guide for the PASCO scientific Model ME 8569 DENSITY SET Copyright January 1992 J 0 10101 Foothills Blvd Roseville CA 95747 7100 scientific Phone 916 786 3800 e FAX 916 786 8905 e www pasco com 012 04774A Table of Contents Section Page Copyright Warranty and Equipment Return na i n 11 Intro dluelon lella 1 Equipment nn ak 1 Replacement Par aussen ea 2 Experiments Experiment 1 Length Area and Volume etes 3 Experiment 2 Delle 5 Experiment 3 Buoyancy Pons ssi 7 Experiment 4 Specific Het aii 11 i PASCO scientific 012 04774A Copyright and Warranty Please Feel free to duplicate this manual subject to the copyright restrictions below Copyright Notice The PASCO scientific Model ME 8569 Density Set manual 1s copyrighted and all rights reserved However permission is granted to non profit educational institutions for repro duction of any part of this manual providing the reproduc tions are used only for their laboratories and are not sold for profit Reproduction under any other circumstances without the written consent of PASCO scientific is prohib ited Limited Warranty PASCO scientific warrants this product to be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of one year from the date of shipment to the customer PASCO will repair or2. C Calculate the specific heat for the object and record the results in Table 4 2 8 Look up the accepted value for the specific heat for the material used and record in Table 4 2 Calculate the percent difference between the experimental value and the accepted value 9 Repeat this procedure for the other objects QUESTIONS 1 Do the two aluminum objects have the same specific heat 2 Do the two brass objects have the same specific heat 3 How does starting the cold water below room temperature minimize the effect of the losses to the environment Table 4 2 Calculations OBJECT OBJECT AT WATER AT SPECIFIC ACCEPTED AL CYL AL BLOCK BRASS CYL BRASS BLOCK PASCO scientific Technical Support Feedback If you have any comments about the product or manual please let us know If you have any sugges tions on alternate experiments or find a problem in the manual please tell us PASCO appreciates any customer feedback Your input helps us evaluate and improve our product To Reach PASCO For technical support call us at 1 800 772 8700 toll free within the U S or 916 786 3800 fax 916 786 3292 e mail techsupp EPASCO com web WWW pasco com Contacting Technical Support Before you call the PASCO Technical Support staff 1t would be helpful to prepare the following infor mation gt If your problem is with the PASCO apparatus note Title and model number usu
3. packing material between any point on the apparatus and the inside walls of the carton 3 Make certain that the packing material can not shift in the box or become compressed thus letting the instrument come in contact with the edge of the box 012 04774A Introduction The PASCO Model ME 8569 Density Set allows useful experiments in density buoyancy force and specific heat as well as providing an effective means of distinguishing between length volume and area Equipment The density set consists of six objects SAME MASS aluminum cylinder aluminum cylinder aluminum block aluminum block brass cylinder brass block brass block aluminum irregular shape polypropylene cylinder e aluminum irregular shape SAME DENSITY Each object has a small hole through which a string can be aluminum cylinder tied to suspend the object The objects in this set can be e aluminum block categorized in three different ways those objects having the same volume same mass or same density aluminum irregular shape SAME VOLUME SAME DENSITY brass cylinder brass block aluminum cylinder aluminum block brass cylinder polypropylene cylinder aluminum irregular shape PASCO scientific 1 012 04774A Replacement Parts ITEM PASCO PART NUMBER aluminum cylinder 648 04768 aluminum block 648 04772 brass cylinder 648 04770 brass block 648 04771 polypropylene cylinder 648
4. replace at its option any part of the product which is deemed to be defective in material or workman ship This warranty does not cover damage to the product caused by abuse or improper use Determination of whether a product failure is the result of a manufacturing defect or improper use by the customer shall be made solely by PASCO scientific Responsibility for the return of equip ment for warranty repair belongs to the customer Equip ment must be properly packed to prevent damage and shipped postage or freight prepaid Damage caused by improper packing of the equipment for return shipment will not be covered by the warranty Shipping costs for returning the equipment after repair will be paid by PASCO scientific Equipment Return Should this product have to be returned to PASCO scientific for whatever reason notify PASCO scientific by letter or phone BEFORE returning the product Upon notification the return authorization and shipping instructions will be promptly issued NOTE NO EQUIPMENT WILL BE ACCEPTED FOR RETURN WITHOUT AN AUTHORIZATION When returning equipment for repair the units must be packed properly Carriers will not accept responsibility for damage caused by improper packing To be certain the unit will not be damaged in shipment observe the following rules PASCO scientific 1 The carton must be strong enough for the item shipped 2 Make certain there is at least two inches of
5. water See Figure 2 Record in Table 4 1 Table 4 1 Data MASS OF CUP OBJECT HOT COLD EQUILIBRIUM MASS OF TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE WATER AL BLOCK PASCO scientific 11 Submerge mass Thermometer _ in water Figure 2 Equilibrium Temperature 3 Watch the temperature of the cold water rise stirring the water gently After several minutes the temperature will peak out above room temperature and began to fall Record this equilibrium peak temperature to the nearest tenth of a degree in Table 1 4 After the equilibrium temperature has been reached remove the object from the water and weigh the water with the cup Subtract the mass of the cup from the mass of the water with the cup and record the mass of the water in Table 4 1 5 Calculate the change in temperature for the object AT HOT TEMP EQUILIBRIUM TEMP Record this in Table 4 2 6 Calculate the change in temperature for the water in the styrofoam cup AT EQUILIBRIUM TEMP COLD TEMP Record this in Table 4 2 012 04774A 7 When the object is cooled in the water the heat lost by the object is equal to the heat gained by the water because energy is conserved neglecting any losses to the environ ment AQ AQ OBJECT 7 WATER mcAT mcAT OBJECT WATER Solving for the specific heat of the object gives I warenCwarER AT AT WATER Mogyecr OBJECT where Cy men is 1 cal g
6. 04769 aluminum irregular shape 648 04773 2 PASCO scientific 012 04774A Experiment 1 Length Area and Volume REQUIRED EQUIPMENT Density set Calipers SF 8711 String SE 8050 Overflow can SE 8568 Beaker for catching water Graduated cylinder 50 ml PURPOSE The purpose of this experiment is to distinguish between length area and volume PROCEDURE I LENGTH Using the calipers measure the longest side of each of the five regularly shaped objects Record the results in Table 1 1 II AREA A Using the calipers measure the diameter of each of the three cylinders Divide the diameter by two to get the radius r Calculate the area of the circular end of the cylinders using A Tr Record the results in Table 1 1 B Using the calipers measure the width and height of one end of each of the blocks Calculate the area of the end of the block by multiplying the width by the height Record the results in Table 1 1 II VOLUME A By Calculation For each of the regularly shaped objects calculate the volume by multiplying the area of one end by the length of the object Record in Table 1 1 B By Displacement of Water For each of the regularly shaped objects find the volume by finding the volume of water that each one displaces 1 Put the beaker under the overflow can spout as shown in Figure 1 2 Pour water into the overflow can until it overflows into the beaker Allow th
7. ER AL BLOCK BRASS CYL PLASTIC CYL AL IRREG SHAPE BRASS CYL 1 2 SUBMERGED 8 PASCO scientific 012 04774A 3 While the object is still hanging from the balance submerge the object in a beaker of water so that the entire object is under water but it is not touching the sides or bottom of the beaker Record the reading on the scale and multiply by gravity to get the apparent weight Record in Table 3 2 4 Calculate the buoyant force by taking the difference between the weight in air and the weight in water Record in Table 3 2 5 Repeat these steps for all the objects Note that the plastic cylinder will float so don t try to completely sub merge it in the water Also for the half submerged brass cylinder find the apparent weight in the water when only half the cylinder is submerged PASCO scientific QUESTIONS 1 In each case is the buoyant force found using the difference between weights equal to the weight of the water displaced 2 Which objects had the same buoyant force when sub merged Why 3 For the plastic cylinder what was the weight in water 4 How was the buoyant force for the totally submerged brass cylinder related to the buoyant force for the half submerged brass cylinder 012 04774A Notes 10 PASCO scientific 012 04774A Experiment 4 Specific Heat EQUIPMENT REQUIRED Density set Aluminum and Brass cylinders and blocks String SE 8050 Be
8. aker for heating water Styrofoam cup Cold water Triple beam balance SE 8708 Bunsen burner Heating stand Thermometer SE 9083 PURPOSE This experiment shows that the specific heat of a material depends on the type of material but not on the amount of material PROCEDURE The specific heat C of a material is defined to be the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one gram of the material one degree Celsius To measure this heat the method of mixtures will be used The following procedure will be repeated for four objects aluminum cylinder aluminum block brass cylinder and brass block 1 Heat a beaker of water to boiling While the water continues to boil hang the object by a string so that the object is completely submerged in the boiling water but it is not touching the bottom of the beaker Allow the object to come to equilibrium with the boiling water wait about 5 minutes See Figure 1 Submerge mass A 7 in water Figure 1 Heating Setup 2 While waiting find the mass of a dry styrofoam cup and then prepare a styrofoam cup of cold water about 3 C below room temperature into which the heated object can be completely submerged When the object has finished heating record the temperature of the cold water to the nearest tenth of a degree then record the temperature of the boiling water and quickly transfer the heated object from the hot water to the cold
9. ally listed on the label Approximate age of apparatus A detailed description of the problem sequence of events In case you can t call PASCO right away you won t lose valuable data If possible have the apparatus within reach when calling to facilitate description of indi vidual parts gt If your problem relates to the instruction manual note Part number and revision listed by month and year on the front cover Have the manual at hand to discuss your ques tions
10. buoyant force on an object in water by using Archimedes Principle and by finding the upward force on the object while it is submerged PROCEDURE I ARCHIMEDES PRINCIPLE Archimedes Principle states that the buoyant force exerted on an object partially or fully submerged in a fluid will be equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object To use this principle to find the buoyant force exerted on each object follow these steps 1 Find the mass of the empty beaker and record this at the top of Table 3 1 Put the beaker under the overflow can spout as shown in Figure 1 Figure 1 Overflow Setup 2 Pour water into the overflow can until it overflows into the beaker Allow the water to stop overflowing on its own and empty the beaker into the sink and return it to its position under the overflow can spout without jarring the overflow can 3 Tie a string to each of the objects 4 Gently lower the first object into the overflow can until it 1s completely submerged Allow the water to stop overflow ing and then find the mass of the beaker with the water in it Record this mass in Table 3 1 Table 3 1 Measurements MASS OF BEAKER MASS OF BEAKER WATER WEIGHT OF DISPLACED WATER OBJECT AL CYLINDER AL BLOCK BRASS CYL PLASTIC CYL AL IRREG SHAPE BRASS CYL 1 2 SUBMERGED PASCO scientific 7 MASS OF WATER 5 Calculate the mass
11. e water to stop overflowing on its own and empty the beaker into the sink and return it to its position under the overflow can spout without jarring the overflow can 3 Tie a string to each of the objects including the irregularly shaped object 4 Gently lower the first object into the overflow can until it 1s completely submerged Allow the water to stop overflow ing and then pour the water from the beaker into the gradu ated cylinder Table 1 1 Length Area and Volume OBJECT LENGTH VOLUME DISPLACED VOLUME DIFF AL CYL AL BLOCK BRASS CYL BRASS BLOCK aa PLASTIC AL IRREG SHAPE PASCO scientific 3 Measure the volume of water that was displaced by reading the water level in the graduated cylinder in milliliters 1 ml 2 1 cm Record this volume in Table 1 1 5 Repeat this procedure for the other objects Note that the plastic object will float in water so 1t cannot be used in this part of the experiment Figure 1 Overflow Setup 012 04774A ANALYSIS For each of the regular objects calculate the percent differ ence between the two values found for the volume QUESTIONS 1 Which objects have nearly the same volume 2 Which objects have nearly the same length 3 Which objects have nearly the same cross sectional area 4 Did any two objects have the same volume but did not have the same length or the same area PASCO sci
12. entific 012 04774A Experiment 2 Density REQUIRED EQUIPMENT Density set brass cylinder and brass block Calipers SF 8711 String SE 8050 Overflow can SE 8568 Beaker for catching water Graduated cylinder 50 ml Triple beam balance SE 8708 PURPOSE This experiment finds the densities of different shaped objects made of the same material PROCEDURE Using the triple beam balance find the mass of the brass cylinder and the brass block Record the results in Table 2 1 I CALCULATED VOLUME A Cylinder Using the calipers measure the length L of the brass cylinder Record the results in Table 2 1 Measure the diameter of the cylinder Divide the diameter by two to get the radius r Calculate the volume of the cylinder using V ar L Record the results in Table 2 1 B Block Using the calipers measure the length L width W and height H of the brass block Calculate the volume of the block using V LxWxH Record the results in Table 2 1 II DISPLACED VOLUME For each of the two brass objects find the volume by finding the volume of water that each one displaces 1 Put the beaker under the overflow can spout as shown in Figure 1 2 Pour water into the overflow can until it overflows into the beaker Allow the water to stop overflowing on its own and empty the beaker into the sink and return it to its position under the overflow can spout without jarring the overflow ca
13. n 3 Tie a string to each of the objects 4 Gently lower the first object into the overflow can until it is completely submerged Allow the water to stop overflow ing and then pour the water from the beaker into the gradu ated cylinder Measure the volume of water that was displaced by reading the water level in the graduated cylinder in milliliters 1 ml 1 em Record this volume in Table 2 1 5 Repeat this procedure for the other object ANALYSIS For each method of finding the volume calculate the density d of each object using mass volume Obtain the accepted value for the density of brass from your instructor or from a reference book For each experimental value of the density calculate the percent difference from the accepted value and record the results in Table 2 2 Table 2 1 Measurements OBJECT MASS DIMENSIONS VOLUME DISPLACED VOLUME PASCO scientific 012 04774A QUESTIONS 1 Which object took up more space 2 Which object weighed more 3 Which object was more dense Table 2 2 Results ACCEPTED DENSITY VALUE OBJECT CALCULATED DENSITY BY DIFFERENCE DENSITY DISPLACEMENT FROM ACCEPTED 6 PASCO scientific 012 04774A Experiment 3 Bouyant Force REQUIRED EQUIPMENT Density set String SE 8050 Overflow can SE 8568 Beaker for catching water Graduated cylinder 50 ml Triple beam balance SE 8708 PURPOSE This experiment measures the
14. of the water by subtracting the mass of the beaker Then calculate the weight of the displaced water by multiplying by the acceleration due to gravity 9 8 m s Record the result in Table 3 1 and Table 3 2 6 Repeat this procedure for the other objects Note that the plastic object will float in water but it can still be used in this Buoyant Force Weight in Weight in air water Figure 2 Free Body Diagram part of the experiment Also repeat the procedure for the brass cylinder with only half the cylinder submerged II UPWARD FORCE When an object is submerged in a fluid the apparent weight of the object is less than the weight in air because of the buoyant force See Figure 2 012 04774A Thus the buoyant force can be calculated by finding the difference between the weight of the object in air and the apparent weight of the object when it is submerged in water 1 Put the triple beam balance on top of a stand as shown in Figure 3 Tie a string to the bottom of the pan 2 Hang the first object from the string The balance will read the same as when the object is placed on top of the pan Multiply the mass by the acceleration due to gravity 9 8 m s and record the object s weight in Table 3 2 Figure 3 Scale Setup Table 3 2 Measurements WATER WEIGHT IN BF War W water WEIGHT OF DISPLACED WATER WEIGHT OBJECT IN AIR AL CYLIND
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