OpenOffice.org OpenOffice - 3.3 Math Guide
Contents
1. int from r 0 to r t a int a iint a iiint a sum from 3 b lint a llint a lllint a prod to 3 r Operation Command Display Limit lim a lima Sum sum a X a Product prod a I a Coproduct coprod a Il a r fa Yo fa Math commands Reference 21 Attributes Operation Command Display Acute accent acute a a Grave accent grave a a Reverse circumflex check a da Breve breve a a Circle circle a a Vector arrow veca a Tilde tilde a a Circumflex hata a Line above bara a Dot dota a Wide vector arrow widevec abc abe Wide tilde widetilde abc abc Wide circumflex widehat abc ab Double dot ddot a Line over overline abc abc Line under underline abc abc Line through overstrike abc aeb Triple dot dddot a Transparent useful to get a placeholder of phantom a a given size Bold font bold a a Italic font ital a a Resize font size 16 qv qv Following item in sans serif font2 font sans qv qv Following item in serif font font serif qv qv Following item in fixed font font fixed qv qv Make color of following text cyan3 color cyan qv qv Make color of following text yellow color yellow qv qv 1 Unquoted text that is not a command is considered to be a variable Variables are by default italicized 2 There are three custom fonts sans serif without kicks serifs with kicks and fixed non proportional To change the actual fonts used for custom fonts and the fonts use2. i OpenOffice org 3 Math Guide The OpenOffice org Equation Editor Copyright This document is Copyright 2005 2011 by its contributors as listed below You may distribute it and or modify it under the terms of either the GNU General Public License http www gnu org licenses gpl html version 3 or later or the Creative Commons Attribution License http creativecommons org licenses by 3 0 version 3 0 or later All trademarks within this guide belong to their legitimate owners Contributors Daniel Carrera Agnes Belzunce TJ Frazier Peter Kupfer Ian Laurenson Janet M Swisher Jean Hollis Weber Michele Zarri Feedback Please direct any comments or suggestions about this document to authors documentation openoffice org Publication date and software version Published 28 April 2011 Based on OpenOffice org 3 3 Note for Mac users Some keystrokes and menu items are different on a Mac from those used in Windows and Linux The table below gives some common substitutions for the instructions in this chapter For a more detailed list see the application Help Windows Linux Mac equivalent Effect Tools gt Options OpenOffice org gt Access setup options menu selection Preferences Right click Control click Open context menu Ctrl Control Command Used with other keys F5 Shift F5 Open the Navigator F11 T Open Styles amp Formatting window You can download O D FA th S an edit
3. context menu Another way to access mathematical symbols is to right click on the equation editor This pops up the menu shown in Figure 6 The items in this menu correspond exactly to those in the Elements window Unary Binary Operators Relations gt Set Operations gt Functions gt Operators gt Attributes gt b b b Brackets Formats Others Figure 6 Right click context menu Markup You can type the markup directly in the equation editor For example you can type 5 times 4 to obtain 5X4 If you know the markup this can be the fastest way to enter a formula Tip The formula markup resembles the way the formula reads in English a b a b a cdot b a times b a b X a over b a div b a b a circ b a wideslash b a widebslash b nega aand b aorb Entering a formula Below is a short list of common equations and their corresponding markup Display Command Display Command a b a b Ja sqrt a a a 2 a an J fi x dx int f x dx gt a suman a lt b a lt b o0 infinity axb a times b Xy x cdot y Greek characters Greek characters B y etc are common in mathematical formulas These characters are not available in the Elements window or the right click menu Fortunately the markup for Greek characters is simple Type a sign followed by the name of the character in English To write a lowercase character type the name of the chara
4. Braces lbrace w rbrace w Angle Brackets langle d rangle d Operator Brackets langle a mline b rangle lal b Group brackets used for a a program control Scalable round brackets left stack a b z right a add the word left before a b left bracket and right before a right bracket 4 Square brackets scalable left stack x y right x as above Le Double square brackets left lIdbracket c right Cc scalable rdbracket Line scalable left lline a right rline a Double line scalable left Idline d right rdline d Brace scalable left Ibrace e right rbrace le Angle bracket scalable left langle f right rangle f left langle g mline h right gl h Operator brackets scalable Over brace scalable Under brace scalable rangle The brace is above overbrace a the brace is below underbrace f a e The braceis above the braceis below ia f 24 OpenOffice org 3 Math Guide Formats Large gap tilde stuff stuff Operation Command Display Left superscript a lsup b ba Center superscript a csup b 4 Right superscript a b a Left subscript a lsub b a Center subscript a csub b 7 Right subscript a b a Align character to left text is stack Hello world alignl Hello world aligned center by default a a tack Hell ld ali Align character to center Sterno wer igandia Ca tack Hell ld ali Align character to right state PERC WOr maguta k He
5. Relations button The symbol we want is circled Elements ks Mo acA f x a d faetations it 9 Q QA 0 FA nd S Elements bs fale f x Sa a c a 8 Av azb agb alb afb a b a b axb a b aab ob amp b alb alb a b b a b avb azb a b asb azb axb asb Figure 8 Tooltip indicates the asb asb asb Relations button Figure 9 After selecting Relations Entering a formula 9 Step 4 Click on the a b symbol The equation editor now shows the markup pi lt gt simeq lt gt Step 5 Delete the lt gt text and add 3 14159 at the end of the equation We end up with the markup pi simeq 3 14159 The result is shown in Figure 10 pr 3 14159 3 Figure 10 Final result Customizations Formula editor as a floating window The formula editor can cover a large part of the Writer window To turn the formula editor into a floating window do this 1 Hover the mouse over the editor frame as shown in Figure 11 2 Hold down the Control key and double click Figure 11 Turning the formula editor into a floating window Figure 12 shows the result You can dock the floating window again by using the same steps Hold down the Control key and double click the window frame 10 OpenOffice org 3 Math Guide Commands Figure 12 Formula editor as a floating window How can I make a formula bigger This is one of the most common qu
6. Selection before Math 3 2 and Formula Elements in Math 3 2 may appear You will also see a small box with a gray border in your document where the formula will be displayed as shown in Figure 1 Untitled 1 OpenOffice org Writer Edit View Format Tools Window Help Fa 740 a b aab F a b avb Figure 1 Equation Editor Elements window and location of resulting equation 4 OpenOffice org 3 Math Guide Entering a formula The equation editor uses a markup language to represent formulas For example beta creates the Greek character beta B This markup is designed to read similar to English whenever possible For example a over b produces a fraction You can enter a formula in three ways e Select a symbol from the Elements window e Right click on the equation editor and select the symbol from the context menu e Type markup in the equation editor The context menu and the Elements window insert the markup corresponding to a symbol This provides a convenient way to learn the OOo Math markup Click on the document body to exit the formula editor Note Double click on a formula to enter the formula editor again The Elements window The simplest method for entering a formula is the Elements window S Elements Ea m asb aeA fi Da Te a b 0 FA na a b a b axb a b aab Symbols a b 3 a b a b avb acb Figure 2 Symbols are divided into categories The Elements wind
7. B Not superset A nsupset B ADB Not superset or equal A nsupsetegq B AZB Set of natural numbers setN N Set of integers setZ Z Set of rational numbers setQ Q Set of real numbers setR R Set of complex numbers setC C Math commands Reference 19 Functions Operation Command Display Exponential func e a ef Natural logarithm In a In a Exponential function exp a exp a Logarithm log a log a Power a b a Sine sin a sin a Cosine cos a cos a Tangent tan a tan a Cotangent cot a cot a Square root sqrt a Ja Arcsine arcsin a arcsin a Arc cosine arccos a arccos a Arctangent arctan a arctan a Arc cotangent arccot a arccot a n root nroot a b 4b Hyperbolic sine sinh a sinh a Hyperbolic cosine cosh a cosh a Hyperbolic tangent tanh a tanh a Hyperbolic cotangent coth a coth a Absolute value abs a d Arc hyperbolic sine arsinh a arsinh a Arc hyperbolic cosine arcosh a arcosh a Arc hyperbolic tangent artanh a artanh a Arc hyperbolic cotangent arcoth a arcoth a Factorial fact a a 20 OpenOffice org 3 Math Guide Operators All operators can be used with the limit functions from and to Upper and lower bounds shown with integral Integral Double integral Triple integral Lower bound shown with summation symbol Contour integral Double curved integral Triple curved integral Upper bound shown with product symbol
8. able version of this document from U 0 http wiki services openoffice org wiki Documentation Contents Note for Mac Users cai coccntaspsinnscaddasetepsnniancetenineidasedinueisncnanphiasanainuanastieateien ae einneaets 2 ANA GUE Me CAEN erionenn E A E EE AEE ENE OE 4 GOT started yerorriririe s iie p a A EORR E TEE TATE 4 Bntenng a POT aenea N ee ae A 5 The Elements VOW casein siesta teeetasisasawmiemenis tailed oacwneiaeenammriesonvciaiisxina 5 Right chck context MEMU senernseinieri ineine Serai EEE EIEEE EEEE 7 Dea We UD iat mininin aesd vast alates pw in encua ieee aot orien aad Re nndndeeRIabnON 7 Greek CaP AG Ul Sonnisen eE E E R E 8 UR NS ven ict ass dan eE E A REEE EN EE EAEE 10 Formula editor as a floating WiIndOW ccccesccsecosscssceccsscecscscescsscecesescescacesees 10 Pow can I makea formula Digger Sais icasestiieiainiarniesadie acta E E 11 Formula La Qi cp csaceepatieniansernianseeiniaicattaewaararceeineacaki esas ena 12 Brackets are your NS asic resic eran ccaceriaeaneimcsnrdiuancnaivesvavicntaniecpabaus Gases tatiainntendnesnass 12 Equations over more than one LING vccssssscvacsswcedccusvaxsoveseretsvenevdiwersavanvervan dress eons serene 12 How do I add limits to my sum integral nsesseseeseseesessoseesesersesseseseseseserersssesses 12 Brack ts with matrices look ugly risisserennireriesieri dier tnn RE ATE 13 now do make a derivative P esnecnmainodusn aient an rene 14 How do I align my equations at th
9. cron o pi mt Yovarpi w rho p varrho o sigma o varsigma tau t upsilon U phi p Yvarphi p chi X psi y omega w Characters Special and angle lt element identical infinite noelement notequal or V perthousand strictlygreaterthan strictlylessthan tendto o gt lt 26 OpenOffice org 3 Math Guide Index B brackets Math 12 brackets commands Math 24 C characters special Math 26 characters Greek Math 26 D derivative markup Math 14 E equation inserting 4 numbering 15 equation editor 4 equation editor brackets 12 derivative markup 14 Elements window 5 equations over more than one line 12 floating window 10 font size 11 formula layout 12 limits to sum integral 12 markup 7 matrix markup 13 right click menu 7 F formats commands Math 25 formula editor See equation editor 10 formula layout 12 function commands Math 20 L limits to sum integral 12 M mathematical equations 4 mathematical markup 7 mathematical symbols 5 matrix markup Math 13 miscellaneous commands Math 23 N numbering equations 15 R relational operator commands Math 18 U unary binary operator commands Math 17 Math commands Reference 27
10. cter in lowercase e To write an uppercase character type the name of the character in uppercase A complete table of Greek characters is provided on page 26 See the table below for some examples Lowercase Uppercase alpha gt a ALPHA gt A sbeta gt 8B BETA gt B gamma gt y GAMMA gt T psi gt y PSI 5 W phi gt e PHI gt theta gt STHETA gt Another way to enter Greek characters is by using the Symbols catalog window Choose Tools gt Catalog This window is shown in Figure 7 Under Symbol set select Greek and double click on a Greek letter from the list The markup name of the character is shown below the list window 8 OpenOffice org 3 Math Guide Symbols Px Symbol set Greek Figure 7 Symbols catalog used for entering Greek characters and some special symbols Example 2 mt 3 14159 For this example we will suppose that e We want to enter the above formula the value of pi rounded to 5 decimal places e We know the name of the Greek character pi e But we do not know the markup associated with the symbol Step 1 Type followed by the text pi This displays the Greek character r Step 2 Open the Elements window View gt Elements Step 3 The symbol is a relation so we click on the Relations button If you hover the mouse over this button you see the tooltip Relations Figure 8 Figure 9 shows the Selection window after clicking the
11. d for variables unquoted text numbers and functions use Format gt Fonts 22 OpenOffice org 3 Math Guide Operation Command Display Make color of following text white color white qv Make color of following text green color green qv qv Make color of following text blue color blue qv qv Make color of following text red color red qv qv nee color green returns to default color color green X qv Xqv a to change color of more than color green X qv Xg Miscellaneous Operation Command Display Infinity infinity 0 Partial partial O Nabla nabla V There exists exists z For all forall V H bar hbar h Lambda bar lambdabar A Real part re R Imaginary part im 53 Weierstrass p wp a Left arrow leftarrow Right arrow rightarrow Up arrow uparrow T Down arrow downarrow L Dots at bottom dotslow Dots at middle dotsaxis Dots vertical dotsvert Dots diagonal upward dotsup Dots diagonal downward dotsdown 3 For all coloring the color will apply only to the text immediately following the command until the next space is encountered In order to have the color apply to more characters place the text you want in color in curly brackets Math commands Reference 23 Brackets Operation Command Display Round Brackets a a Square Brackets b b Double Square Brackets ldbracket c rdbracket e Single line lline a rline la Double line Idline a rdline Ilall
12. e equals SIGH hasiiiicarcacitenremomemarineniianaaiians 14 IN RESIN Ga GHG ts sasciescp tenis higactacsciencs E E EEE E OTRE 15 Math commands SF GS cg ssicaircis cep cctncwr ndncnn Gcssinaaioaaeniiaicvn reas eran ceneieucaananeeroemaneneadtenerks 17 Unary binary Oy Saeed neviesexesa ec ie ee E T REEE NEE i 17 Relatonaloperator Sonion ade ees 18 Set TS BINS samonoa ea Aaa a and SaS ucgenentenagdus 19 FUNCHONS ccone E E O 20 ACO cts ecard aces asosnanncguercebiivensdecia E E EEE EE A a E N EE a 21 PUGS ocina ETE E T EE EN EE ESTEE 22 Miscellaneous acc crease ied ve wn baton pepe R EREE E EEEE E 23 Bracket ee a E G 24 FOt Mal Seesen a E EE EN A EET TE 25 Characlers Greek sancurosoninenio irens E E AEE 26 Characters SpeCIia huna T E E N 26 OpenOffice org 3 Math Guide 3 What is Math Math is OpenOffice org OOo s component for writing mathematical equations It is most commonly used as an equation editor for text documents but it can also be used with other types of documents or stand alone When used inside Writer the equation is treated as an object inside the text document The equation editor is for writing equations in symbolic form as in Note equation 1 If you want to evaluate a numeric value see the Calc Guide df x In x tan x 1 Getting started To insert an equation go to Insert gt Object gt Formula The equation editor opens at the bottom of the screen and the floating Elements window called
13. e the newline command explicitly This is illustrated in the table below Markup Result x 3 yai x 3 y 1 x 3 newline x 3 y l y l How do add limits to my sum integral The sum and int commands can optionally take the parameters from and to These are used for lower and upper limits respectively These parameters can be used singly or together Limits for integrals are usually treated as subscripts and superscripts 12 OpenOffice org 3 Math Guide Markup Result sum from k 1 to nak a k 1 int from 0 to x f t dt a rae or fi flde int _0 x f t dt int from Re f f f R sum to infinity 2 n a Note For more details on integrals and sums see page 21 Brackets with matrices look ugly For background we start with an overview of the matrix command Markup Result matrix a b 4 c d a b c d Not Rows are separated by two s and entries within each row are separated ote by one The first problem people have with matrices is that brackets do not scale with the matrix Markup Result matrix a b c d a c OOo Math provides scalable brackets That is the brackets grow in size to match the size of their contents Use the commands left and right to make scalable brackets Markup Result a b left matrix a b c d right d C Tip Use left and right to obtain square brackets Formula layout 13 Ho
14. estions people ask about OOo Math The answer is simple but not intuitive 1 Start the formula editor and choose Format gt Font size Untitled 1 OpenOffice org Writer File Edit View Format Tools Window Help Fonts Font Size Spacing Alignment Text Mode lt Figure 13 Changing the font size for a formula 2 Select a larger font size under Base size top most entry 9 Font Sizes ts Relative sizes Text 100 Functions 100 Operators 100 i gt Limits 60 Figure 14 Edit Base size top to make a formula bigger Customizations 11 The result of this change is illustrated in Figure 15 Before m 3 14159 After mT 3 14159 Figure 15 Result of changing the base font size Formula layout The most difficult part of using OOo Math comes when writing complicated formulas This section provides some advice Brackets are your friends OOo Math knows nothing about order of operation You must use brackets to state the order of operations explicitly Consider the following example Markup Result 2 2 over x 1 x 2 over x 1 2 xti Equations over more than one line Suppose you want to type an equation covering more than one line For example x 3 yal Your first reaction would be to simply press the Enter key However if you press the Enter key though the markup goes to a new line the resulting equation does not You must typ
15. lg i Vertical stack of 2 binom a b fs a Vertical stack more than 2 stack a b z b z matrix b a b Matrix Gai c d matrix Equations aligned at using a alignl b a matrix alignl c 1 c stack Equations aligned at using alignl a b a phantom alignl phantom a c 1 c asldkfjo New line asldkfjo newline sadkfj sada No gap nospace x y xt y Normal x y xt y Small gap grave stuff stuff stuff stuff stuff stuff Math commands Reference 25 In localized versions of Writer the markup names of Greek and special characters are localized If this document is not localized to the same Caution A Once entered the characters will display properly in any language Characters Greek language then the names below may not work for input You may still use the Symbol catalog Figure 7 to select the desired character by its glyph This will also display the character s localized markup name ALPHA A BETA B GAMMA DELTA A EPSILON E ZETA Z ETA Hi THETA IOTA I KAPPA K LAMBDA A MU M NU N XI E OMICRON O PI IT RHO P SIGMA gt TAU T UPSILON Y PHI CHI X PSI WwW OMEGA Q alpha beta B gamma y delta 6 epsilon varepsilon zeta eta n theta 0 vartheta 9 iota kappa k lambda A mu u Ynu v xi E omi
16. ng equations Equation numbering is one of OOo Math s best hidden features The steps are simple but obscure 1 Start a new line 2 Type fn and then press F3 The fn is replaced by a numbered formula E mc 2 Now you can double click on the formula to edit it For example here is the Riemann Zeta function c zj L 3 n n 1 You can reference an equation as shown in Equation 2 with these steps 1 Choose Insert gt Cross reference from the menu bar 2 On the Cross references tab Figure 17 under Type select Text 3 Under Selection select the equation number 4 Under Format select Reference Click Insert Done If you later add more equations to the paper before the referenced equation all the equations will automatically renumber and the cross references will update To insert the equation number without parentheses around it choose Numbering instead of Reference under Format Tip Numbering equations 15 Document Cross references DocInformation Selection Set Reference Insert Reference Headings Numbered Paragraphs Figure 17 Inserting a cross reference to an equation number 16 OpenOffice org 3 Math Guide Math commands Reference Unary binary operators Operation Command Display sign 1 1 sign 1 sign 1 1 sign al F1 Boolean not neg a a Addition a b a b Dot product a cdot b a b Multiplication X a times b axb Multiplication a
17. ow is divided into two main parts The top shows the symbol categories Click on these to change the list of symbols The bottom shows the symbols available in the current category Tip You can hide or show the Elements window with View gt Elements Entering a formula 5 Example 1 5x4 For this example we will enter a simple formula 5x4 On the Elements window 1 Select the top left button of the categories top section 2 Click on the multiplication symbol Elements Unary binary operators Multiplication a b aab a b avb Figure 3 Selecting the multiplication symbol When you select the multiplication symbol on the Elements window two things happen e The equation editor shows the markup lt gt times lt gt e The body of the document shows a gray box like this UxU IPESE gogg lt gt lt gt times lt gt a lt gt Figure 4 Result of selecting the multiplication symbol The lt gt symbols shown in Figure 4 are placeholders that you can replace by other text for example 5 and 4 The equation will update automatically and the result should resemble Figure 5 To keep the equation from updating automatically select View Tip gt AutoUpdate display To update a formula manually press F9 or select View gt Update 6 OpenOffice org 3 Math Guide gogi Figure 5 Result of entering 5 and 4 next to the times operator Right click
18. sterisk a b axb Boolean and a and b aNb Subtraction a b a b Division as a fraction a over b Division as an operator a div b a b Division with a slash a b alb Boolean or aor b aVb Concatenation a circ b aob Math commands Reference 17 Relational operators Operation Command Display Is equal a b a b Is not equal a lt gt b a 2 Approximately a approx 2 a2 Divides a divides b a b Does not divide a ndivides b atb Less than a 2 a Greater than a gt 2 a gt 2 Similar to or equal a simeq b a b Parallel a parallel b a b Orthogonal to a ortho b alb Less than or equal to a leslant b axb Greater than or equal to a geslant b aZ b Similar to asim b a b Congruent a equiv b a b Less than or equal to a lt b a lt b Greater than or equal to a gt b a b Proportional a prop b axb Toward a toward b a gt b Arrow left a dlarrow b a b Double arrow left and right a dlrarrow b a amp b Arrow right a drarrow b a b 18 OpenOffice org 3 Math Guide Set operations Operation Command Display Is in ainB acB Is not in a notin B ag B Owns A owns b ABb Empty set emptyset Intersection A intersection B ANB Union A union B AUB Difference A setminus B A B Quotient A slash B AIB Aleph aleph N Subset A subset B ACB Subset or equal to A subseteq B ASB Superset A supset B ADB Superset or equal to A supseteg B ADB Not subset A nsubset B AZB Not subset or equal A nsubsetegq B AE
19. w do I make a derivative Making derivatives essentially comes down to one trick Tell OOo it s a fraction In other words you have to use the over command Combine this with either the letter d for a total derivative or the partial command for a partial derivative to achieve the effect of a derivative Note Notice that we have to use braces squiggly brackets to make the derivative Markup Result df over dx af dx partial f over partial y Of oy ial er oF partial 2 f over partial t 2 aa t How do I align my equations at the equals sign OOo Math does not have a command for aligning equations on a particular character but you can use a matrix to do this as shown below Markup Result matrix alignr x y alignl 2 x y 2 alignr x alignl 2 y x 2 y The empty braces around are necessary because is a binary operator and thus needs an expression on each side You can reduce the spacing around if you change the inter column spacing of the matrix 1 With the equation editor open choose Format gt Spacing from the menu bar 2 In the Spacing dialog Figure 16 click the Category button and select Matrices in the drop down menu 3 Enter 0 for Column spacing and click OK 14 OpenOffice org 3 Math Guide Matrix Line spacing Cancel Column spacing Category v Default Figure 16 Changing spacing in a matrix formula Numberi
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search