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Netgear WPN802 User's Manual

1. About This Manual 1 3 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 About This Manual 202 10101 01 May 2005 Chapter 2 Introduction The NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 provides connectivity between Ethernet wired networks and radio equipped wireless notebook systems desktop systems print servers and other devices This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Note This manual provides information on the complete features as of the date of a publication Earlier versions of this product may not have all the features presented in this manual Go to http kbserver netgear com products WPN802 asp where you will find product firmware updates for your WPN802 Key Features The WPN802 Access Point is easy to use and provides the following features e RangeMax Multi In Multi Out MIMO technology e 802 11g wireless networking with the ability to operate in 802 11g only 802 11b only or 802 11b g modes e Easy Web based setup for installation and management e Login capability e Front panel LEDs for easy monitoring of status and activity e Flash memory for firmware upgrades RangeMax Multi In Multi Out MIMO Technology Netgear s RangeMax Multi In Multi Out MIMO technology provides ten times more coverage than standard 802 11g alone by eliminating dead spots in
2. How Does WPA Compare to WEP WEP is a data encryption method and is not intended as a user authentication mechanism WPA user authentication is implemented using 802 1x and the Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP Support for 802 1x authentication is required in WPA In the 802 11 standard 802 1x authentication was optional For details on EAP specifically refer to IETF s RFC 2284 With 802 11 WEP all access points and client wireless adapters on a particular wireless LAN must use the same encryption key A major problem with the 802 11 standard is that the keys are cumbersome to change If you do not update the WEP keys often an unauthorized person with a sniffing tool can monitor your network for less than a day and decode the encrypted messages Products based on the 802 11 standard alone offer system administrators no effective method to update the keys For 802 11 WEP encryption is optional For WPA encryption using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP is required TKIP replaces WEP with a new encryption algorithm that is stronger than the WEP algorithm but that uses the calculation facilities present on existing wireless devices to perform encryption operations TKIP provides important data encryption enhancements including a per packet key mixing function a message integrity check MIC named Michael an extended initialization vector IV with sequencing rules and a re keying mechanism Through these enhancements TKIP addres
3. Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 NETGEAR NETGEAR Inc 4500 Great America Parkway Santa Clara CA 95054 USA 202 10101 01 May 2005 2005 by NETGEAR Inc All rights reserved May 2005 Trademarks NETGEAR is a trademark of Netgear Inc Microsoft Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design operational function and or reliability NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product s or circuit layout s described herein Federal Communications Commission FCC Compliance Notice Radio Frequency Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occur in a particular installation If t
4. MAC Media Access Control Every wireless 802 11 device has its own specific MAC address hard coded into it This unique identifier can be used to provide security for wireless networks When a network uses a MAC table only the 802 11 radios that have had their MAC addresses added to that network s MAC table will be able to get onto the network Mesh Networks Also called mesh topology mesh is a network topology in which devices are connected with many redundant interconnections between network nodes In a full mesh topology every node has a connection to every other node in the network Mesh networks may be wired or wireless Mesh network In a wireless mesh example each of the spheres below represent a mesh router Corporate servers and printers may be shared by attaching to each mesh router For wireless access to the mesh an access point must be attached to any one of the mesh routers Multiple Input Multiple Output MIMO MIMO refers to radio links with multiple antennas at the transmitter and the receiver side to improve the performance of the wireless link NAT Network Address Translation A network capability that enables a houseful of computers to dynamically share a single incoming IP address from a dial up cable or xDSL connection NAT takes the single incoming IP address and creates new IP address for each client computer on the network Network name Identifies the wireless network for all the shared components Dur
5. Packets larger than the size programmed in this field will be fragmented The Fragment Threshold value must be larger than the RTS Threshold value The default is 2346 Beacon Interval The interval time between 20ms and 1000ms for each beacon transmission The default is 100 e DTIM Interval The Delivery Traffic Indication Message Specifies the data beacon rate between 1 and 255 The default is 1 e Preamble Type A long transmit preamble may provide a more reliable connection or slightly longer range A short transmit preamble gives better performance Auto will automatically handle both long and short preamble The default is Auto 4 4 Wireless Configuration 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Implementing Appropriate Wireless Security Note Indoors computers can connect over 802 11b g wireless networks at ranges of up to 300 feet Such distances can allow for others outside of your immediate area to access your network Unlike wired network data your wireless data transmissions can be received well beyond your walls by anyone with a compatible adapter For this reason use the security features of your wireless equipment The WPN802 Access Point provides highly effective security features which are covered in detail in this chapter Deploy the security features appropriate to your needs Wireless Data oo Security Options Ra
6. While IP takes care of handling the actual delivery of the data TCP takes care of keeping track of the packets that a message is divided into for efficient routing through the Internet For example when a web page is downloaded from a web server the TCP program layer in that server divides the file into packets numbers the packets and then forwards them individually to the IP program layer Although each packet has the same destination IP address it may get routed differently through the network At the other end TCP reassembles the individual packets and waits until they have all arrived to forward them as a single file Glossary 11 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 TCP IP The underlying technology behind the Internet and communications between computers in a network The first part TCP is the transport part which matches the size of the messages on either end and guarantees that the correct message has been received The IP part is the user s computer address on a network Every computer in a TCP IP network has its own IP address that is either dynamically assigned at startup or permanently assigned All TCP IP messages contain the address of the destination network as well as the address of the destination station This enables TCP IP messages to be transmitted to multiple networks subnets within an organization or worldwide TKIP A security feature that is
7. can benefit from the free wireless access The open connections typically come from the access points of wireless networks located within buildings to serve enterprises The chalk symbols indicate the type of access point that is available at that specific spot There are three basic designs that are currently used a pair of back to back semicircles which denotes an open node a closed circle which denotes a closed node a closed circle with a W inside which denotes a node equipped with WEP Warchalkers also draw identifiers above the symbols to indicate the password that can be used to access the node which can easily be obtained with sniffer software 12 Glossary 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 As a recent development the debate over the legality of warchalking is still going on The practice stems from the U S Depression era culture of wandering hobos who would make marks outside of homes to indicate to other wanderers whether the home was receptive to drifters or was inhospitable War Driving War driving is the act of locating and possibly exploiting connections to wireless local area networks while driving around a city or elsewhere To do war driving you need a vehicle a computer which can be a laptop a wireless Ethernet card set to work in promiscuous mode and some kind of an antenna which can be mounted on top of or positioned inside the car
8. hertz The international unit for measuring frequency equivalent to the older unit of cycles per second One megahertz MHz is one million hertz One gigahertz GHz is one billion hertz The standard US electrical power frequency is 60 Hz the AM broadcast radio frequency band is 535 1605 kHz the FM broadcast radio frequency band is 88 108 MHz and wireless 802 11b LANs operate at 2 4 GHz 6 Glossary 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers A membership organization www ieee org that includes engineers scientists and students in electronics and allied fields It has more than 300 000 members and is involved with setting standards for computers and communications IEEE 802 11 A set of specifications for LANs from The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE Most wired networks conform to 802 3 the specification for CSMA CD based Ethernet networks or 802 5 the specification for token ring networks 802 11 defines the standard for wireless LANs encompassing three incompatible non interoperable technologies Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum FHSS Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum DSSS and Infrared WECA s Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance now Wi Fi Alliance focus is on 802 11b an 11 Mbps high rate DSSS standard for wireless networks Infrastructure mode A client settin
9. Daylight Savings Time Current Time Wednesday 01 Jan 2003 00 21 16 Cancel Figure 3 3 Basic Settings menu 4 Configure the Basic Settings for your network Access Point Name The unique NetBIOS name The default Access Point Name is located on the bottom label of the WPN802 You may modify the default name with a unique name up to 15 characters long IP Address By default the Access Point is set to be a DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol client disabled The default IP address is 192 168 0 231 DHCP Client You may enable the DHCP client to let the Access Point get its TCP IP configuration from the DHCP server on your network IP Address Type the IP address of your Access Point factory default 192 168 0 231 IP Subnet Mask The Access Point automatically calculates the subnet mask based on the IP address that you assign Otherwise you can use 255 255 255 0 as the subnet mask Default Gateway Address The Access Point will use this IP address default gateway for any traffic beyond the local network Primary DNS Server The Access Point will use this IP address as the primary Domain Name Server used by stations on your LAN Basic Installation and Configuration 3 5 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 e Secondary DNS Server The Access Point will use this IP address as the secondary Domain Name Server used by stations on your LAN e Tim
10. MIC at the end of each plaintext message to ensure messages are not being spoofed Wireless Networking Basics B 11 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 WPA WPA2 Authentication Enterprise level User Authentication via 802 1x EAP and RADIUS Wired Network with Optional Wireless LAN 802 1x Port Based Network Access Control TCP IP Ports Closed WPA WPA2 WPA WPA2 Until n enabled enabled Authenticated RADIUS Server Certificate i Access Point ene SHOU wireless lt q ___p Login for client with using Auth 7 ti example uthentication supplicant pre shared key 3 ae F Win Server r n Ppa or 802 1x 0 ar VeriSign Authenticated Figure B 3 WPA WPA2 Overview IEFE 802 1x offers an effective framework for authenticating and controlling user traffic to a protected network as well as providing a vehicle for dynamically varying data encryption keys via EAP from a RADIUS server for example This framework enables using a central authentication server which employs mutual authentication so that a rogue wireless user does not join the network It is important to note that 802 1x does not provide the actual authentication mechanisms When using 802 1x the EAP type such as Transport Layer Security EAP TLS or EAP Tunneled Transport Layer Security EAP TTLS defines how the authentication takes place Note For environ
11. Shared Key Authentication Note Some 802 11 access points also support Use WEP for Authentication Only Shared Key Authentication without data encryption Wireless Networking Basics B 5 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Key Size The IEEE 802 11 standard supports two types of WEP encryption 40 bit and 128 bit The 64 bit WEP data encryption method allows for a five character 40 bit input Additionally 24 factory set bits are added to the forty bit input to generate a 64 bit encryption key The 24 factory set bits are not user configurable This encryption key will be used to encrypt decrypt all data transmitted via the wireless interface Some vendors refer to the 64 bit WEP data encryption as 40 bit WEP data encryption since the user configurable portion of the encryption key is 40 bits wide The 128 bit WEP data encryption method consists of 104 user configurable bits Similar to the forty bit WEP data encryption method the remaining 24 bits are factory set and not user configurable Some vendors allow passphrases to be entered instead of the cryptic hexadecimal characters to ease encryption key entry 128 bit encryption is stronger than 40 bit encryption but 128 bit encryption may not be available outside of the United States due to U S export regulations When configured for 40 bit encryption 802 11 products typically support up to four WEP Keys Each 40 b
12. are equally able to act as a network server or client and each client computer can talk to all the other wireless computers without having to go through an access point or hub However since there is no central base station to monitor traffic or provide Internet access the various signals can collide with each other reducing overall performance PHY The lowest layer within the OSI Network Model It deals primarily with transmission of the raw bit stream over the PHYsical transport medium In the case of wireless LANs the transport medium is free space The PHY defines parameters such as data rates modulation method signaling parameters transmitter receiver synchronization etc Within an actual radio implementation the PHY corresponds to the radio front end and baseband signal processing sections Plug and Play A computer system feature that provides for automatic configuration of add ons and peripheral devices such as wireless PC Cards printers scanners and multimedia devices Proxy server Used in larger companies and organizations to improve network operations and security a proxy server is able to prevent direct communication between two or more networks The proxy server forwards allowable data requests to remote servers and or responds to data requests directly from stored remote server data Glossary 9 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Range The dis
13. back to the factory defaults to be able to log in using the default password of password This means you will have to restore all the WPN802 configuration settings If you ever have to reset the WPN802 back to the factory defaults you can restore your settings from the backup The default password for the WPN802 is password NETGEAR recommends that you change this password to a more secure password To change this click the Change Password link The Change Password dialog box opens Change Password Current Password New Password Repeat New Password Restore Default Password C Yes No Apply Cancel Figure 5 1 Change Password dialog box To change the password first enter the old password then enter the new password twice You can also restore the default password Click Apply to save your changes Management and Information 5 1 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Upgrading the Wireless Access Point Firmware First Prepare for the Firmware Upgrade Note When uploading firmware to the wireless access point it is important not to gt interrupt the Web browser by closing the window clicking a link or loading a new page If the browser is interrupted the upload may fail corrupt the software and render the WPN802 completely inoperable You cannot perform the firmware upgrade from a workstation connected to th
14. fen Certificate of the Manufacturer Importer It is hereby certified that the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 has been suppressed in accordance with the conditions set out in the BMPT AmtsblVfg 243 1991 and Vfg 46 1992 The operation of some equipment for example test transmitters in accordance with the regulations may however be subject to certain restrictions Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations 202 10101 01 May 2005 Voluntary Control Council for Interference VCCI Statement This equipment is in the second category information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area thereto and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas When used near a radio or TV receiver it may become the cause of radio interference Read instructions for correct handling Customer Support Refer to the Support Information Card that shipped with your NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 World Wide Web NETGEAR maintains a World Wide Web home page that you can access at the universal resource locator URL http www net
15. gt when you click Apply You must then either configure your wireless adapter to match the wireless access point WEP settings or access the wireless access point from a wired computer to make any further changes 1 Log in to the WPN802 at its default LAN address of hitp 192 168 0 231 with its default user name of admin and default password of password or using whatever LAN address and password you have set up 2 Click Wireless Settings in the main menu of the WPN802 3 From the Security Options menu select WEP WPA The WEP WPA Settings page opens WEPIWPA Settings Wireless LAN Network Authentication Open System Data Encryption None z Passphrase Generate Keys Key 1 Key 2 Key 3 e Key 4 Enable Wireless Client Security Separator No ye Apply Cancel Figure 4 6 Wireless Settings encryption menu 4 Select the Network Authentication and Data Encryption from the drop down lists Please refer to Authentication and WEP Data Encryption on page B 2 for a full explanation of each of these options as defined by the IEEE 802 11 wireless communication standard 5 Either enter a Passphrase and click Generate Keys or manually enter the keys The keys must be identical on all computers and access points in your network e Passphrase The passphrase is case sensitive NETGEAR is not the same as nETgear The four key boxes will be automatically populated with key values e Manual Ent
16. in the wireless adapter card must match the SSID of the wireless access point In some configuration utilities such as in Windows XP the term wireless network name is used instead of SSID If WEP Authentication is Used Circle one Open System Shared Key or Auto Note If you select Shared Key the other devices in the network will not connect unless they are set to Shared Key as well and are configured with the correct key WEP Encryption key size Choose one 64 bit or 128 bit Again the encryption key size must be the same for the wireless adapters and the wireless access point Data Encryption WEP Keys There are two methods for creating WEP data encryption keys Whichever method you use record the key values in the spaces below e Passphrase method These characters are case sensitive Enter a word or group of printable characters and click the Generate Keys button Not all wireless devices support the passphrase method e Manual method These values are not case sensitive For 64 bit WEP enter 10 hex digits any combination of 0 9 or a f For 128 bit WEP enter 26 hex digits Key 1 Key 2 Key 3 Key 4 e If WPA PSK Authentication is Used Passphrase These characters are case sensitive Enter a word or group of printable characters When you use WPA PSK the other devices in the network will not connect unless they are set to WPA PSK as well and are configured with the correct Passphrase Use th
17. or 100BASE Tx RJ 45 1 2 5 5 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 54 and 108 Mbps Auto Rate Sensing 2 4 2 5Ghz 802 11b Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum DSSS 802 11g Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing OFDM Limited by the amount of wireless network traffic generated by each node Typically 30 70 nodes 2 412 2 462 GHz US 2 457 2 462 GHz Spain 2 412 2 484 GHz Japan 2 457 2 472 GHz France 2 412 2 472 GHz Europe ETSI 40 bits also called 64 bits and 128 bits WEP and WPA PSK A 2 Technical Specifications 202 10101 01 May 2005 Appendix B Wireless Networking Basics This chapter provides an overview of Wireless networking Wireless Networking Overview The WPN802 Access Point conforms to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 802 11b and 802 11g standards for wireless LANs WLANs On an 802 11b or g wireless link data is encoded using direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS technology and is transmitted in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2 5GHz The maximum data rate for the 802 11b wireless link is 11 Mbps but it will automatically back down from 11 Mbps to 5 5 2 and 1 Mbps when the radio signal is weak or when interference is detected The 802 11g auto rate sensing rates are 1 2 5 5 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 54 and 108 Mbps The 802 11 standard is also called Wireless Ethernet or Wi Fi by the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance WECA see hitp www wi fi net an i
18. sent to AP z 2 AP authenticates tO OO i Access Point l C rrr Sao Sf ee s i 3 Client connects to network Ea r Client attempting to connect Servers PC s Figure B 1 Open system authentication Shared Key Authentication The following steps occur when two devices use Shared Key Authentication 1 The station sends an authentication request to the access point 2 The access point sends challenge text to the station 3 The station uses its configured 64 bit or 128 bit default key to encrypt the challenge text and sends the encrypted text to the access point 4 The access point decrypts the encrypted text using its configured WEP Key that corresponds to the station s default key The access point compares the decrypted text with the original challenge text If the decrypted text matches the original challenge text then the access point and the station share the same WEP Key and the access point authenticates the station 5 The station connects to the network If the decrypted text does not match the original challenge text the access point and station do not share the same WEP Key then the access point will refuse to authenticate the station and the station will be unable to communicate with either the 802 11 network or Ethernet network B 4 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point W
19. your area of coverage where you use your wireless computers Your whole house or office suite now becomes a hot spot without requiring any range extenders repeaters or external antennas RangeMax maintains your high speed throughout your home not just when you are close to your wireless access point Introduction 2 1 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 RangeMax is an advanced Smart MIMO Multi In Multi Out technology that uses seven internal antennas RangeMax constantly surveys your home environment for physical barriers and interference and adjusts the wireless signal to compensate for these performance blockers For example if you carry your laptop from the family room to the bedroom RangeMax automatically senses the change and selects from over 100 possible antenna configurations to deliver you the fastest clearest connection so that everyone can enjoy consistently high speed connections everywhere in your house with no drop outs and no dead spots RangeMax is also 100 compatible with your existing 802 11b g products i e 802 11b 802 11g Centrino and SuperG wireless clients and boosts their range and speed by up to 50 802 11g Wireless Networking The WPN802 Access Point includes an 802 11g wireless access point providing continuous high speed 108 Mbps access between your wireless and Ethernet devices The access point provides e 802 11g wi
20. 192 168 0 231 and the default Subnet Mask is 255 255 255 0 The WPN802 default setting is for a static IP address If the network where you are connecting it is using DHCP configure it accordingly See the CROSS REF for more details cannot access the Internet or the LAN with a wireless capable computer There is a configuration problem Check these items You may not have restarted the computer with the wireless adapter to have TCP IP changes take effect Restart the computer The computer with the wireless adapter may not have the correct TCP IP settings to communicate with the network Restart the computer and check that TCP IP is set up properly for that network The usual setting for Windows on the Network Properties is set to Obtain an IP address automatically The access point s default values may not work with your network Check the access point default configuration against the configuration of other devices in your network For full instructions on changing the access point s default values see CROSS REF When I enter a URL or IP address get a timeout error A number of things could be causing this Try the following troubleshooting steps Check whether other computers work If they do ensure that your computer s TCP IP settings are correct If using a fixed Static IP Address check the Subnet Mask Default Gateway DNS and IP Addresses If the computers are configured correctly but still not working
21. 2 is ready for use Troubleshooting 6 3 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 6 4 Troubleshooting 202 10101 01 May 2005 Appendix A Technical Specifications This appendix provides technical specifications for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility Data and Routing Protocols Power Adapter North America United Kingdom Australia Europe Japan All regions output Physical Specifications Dimensions Weight Environmental Specifications Operating temperature Operating humidity Electromagnetic Emissions Meets requirements of Interface Specifications LAN TCP IP RIP 1 RIP 2 DHCP PPP over Ethernet PPPoE 120V 60 Hz input 240V 50 Hz input 230V 50 Hz input 100V 50 60 Hz input 12 V DC 1A output 28x 175x 119mm 1 1 x 6 89 x 4 68 in 0 3kg 0 66 Ib 0 to 40 C 32 to 104 F 90 maximum relative humidity noncondensing FCC Part 15 Class B VCCI Class B EN 55 022 CISPR 22 Class B C Tick N10947 10BASE T or 100BASE Tx RJ 45 Technical Specifications A 1 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 WAN Wireless Radio Data Rates Frequency Data Encoding Maximum Computers Per Wireless Network Operating Frequency Ranges 802 11 Security 10BASE T
22. Because a wireless LAN may have a range that extends beyond an office building an outside user may be able to intrude into the network obtain a free Internet connection and possibly gain access to company records and other resources Some people have made a sport out of war driving in part to demonstrate the ease with which wireless LANs can be compromised With an omnidirectional antenna and a geophysical positioning system GPS the war driver can systematically map the locations of 802 11b wireless access points WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy Basic wireless security provided by Wi Fi In some instances WEP may be all a home or small business user needs to protect wireless data WEP is available in 40 bit also called 64 bit or in 108 bit also called 128 bit encryption modes As 108 bit encryption provides a longer algorithm that takes longer to decode it can provide better security than basic 40 bit 64 bit encryption Wi Fi Wireless Fidelity Another name for IEEE 802 11b Products certified as Wi Fi are interoperable with each other even if they are from different manufacturers A user with a Wi Fi product can use any brand of access point with any other brand of client hardware that is built to the Wi Fi standard Wi Fi Alliance formerly WECA Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance The Wi Fi Alliance is a nonprofit international association formed in 1999 to certify interoperability of wireless Local Area Network produ
23. GEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Rebooting the WPN802 Access Point You can reboot the wireless access point from the browser interface or by using the reset button on the rear panel 1 From the main menu of the browser interface click the Reboot AP link under the Management heading The Reboot AP dialog box appears Reboot AP Reboot access point Cyes No Apply Cancel Figure 5 4 Reboot AP dialog box 2 Select Yes and then click Apply Viewing a List of Available Wireless Stations The Available Wireless Station List contains a table of all IP devices associated with the wireless access point in the wireless network defined by the Wireless Network Name SSID From the main menu of the browser interface click the Available Wireless Stations List link under the Information Heading The following screen opens Available Wireless Station List Station ID _MAC Address _ __ Status _ 1 00 11 85 1c da a3 Associated Refresh Figure 5 5 Available Wireless Station List For each device the table shows the Station ID MAC address IP Address and Status whether the device is allowed to communicate with the wireless access point or not Management and Information 5 5 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Note that if the wireless access point is rebooted the table data is lost until the wireless access point re
24. GHz frequency range 5 15 GHz to 5 85 GHz with a maximum 54 Mbps data transfer rate The 5 GHz frequency band is not as crowded as the 2 4 GHz frequency because the 802 11a specification offers more radio channels than the 802 11b These additional channels can help avoid radio and microwave interference 802 11b Standard International standard for wireless networking that operates in the 2 4 GHz frequency range 2 4 GHz to 2 4835 GHz and provides a throughput of up to 11 Mbps This is a very commonly used frequency Microwave ovens cordless phones medical and scientific equipment as well as Bluetooth devices all work within the 2 4 GHz frequency band 802 11d Standard 802 11d is an IEEE standard supplementary to the Media Access Control MAC layer in 802 11 to promote worldwide use of 802 11 WLANs It will allow access points to communicate information on the permissible radio channels with acceptable power levels for client devices The devices will automatically adjust based on geographic requirements Glossary 1 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 The purpose of 11d is to add features and restrictions to allow WLANs to operate within the rules of these countries Equipment manufacturers do not want to produce a wide variety of country specific products and users that travel do not want a bag full of country specific WLAN PC cards The outcome will be country specif
25. Key Features of WPA and WPA2 Security aseeseen B 10 WPA WPA2 Authentication Enterprise level User Authentication via 802 1x EAP and RADIUS ccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeaees B 12 WPA WPA2 Data Encryption Key Management cceeeesseeceeeeerteeteeeeenaees B 14 IS WRAPS POMBO scckccisccceniscconmaetacaianeniask reaR E TE E B 16 Product Support Tor WPANNPAR aii ssssavuisiessocivasssbadaguidursaa dss aiaa aa a B 16 Supporting a Mixture of WPA WPA2 and WEP Wireless Clients is Discouraged scccissiisatecesssisorcssisacnicssi nae iestieet ciate B 16 Changes to Wireless Access Points esssesessseesrrnesrneesrrsssnernesressresssnnsens B 17 Changes to Wireless Network Adapters c cccseseeseneeeseteeeeeeeeesetaeeeseneees B 17 Changes to Wireless Client Programs cccccceceeeeseneeeteaeeeeseeeeeneaeeseeneees B 18 Glossary Contents vii 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 viii Contents 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Chapter 1 About This Manual This chapter describes the intended audience scope conventions and formats of this manual Audience Scope Conventions and Formats This reference manual assumes that the reader has basic to intermediate computer and Internet skills However basic computer network Internet firewall and VPN technologies tutorial information is provided in the Appendices and on the Netgear website This guide uses the following typographical conventions Table 1 1 Typograp
26. Management and Information Changing the Password 6 sicicscnccciscenccnerinersecuedsaeedanchsccecensundesacsuuoisteedantexisesnssauixemnisbdande 5 1 Upgrading the Wireless Access Point Firmware cccccccsseeeeeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeneeees 5 2 First Prepare for the Firmware Upgrade sesssscsiiimsnain isa Then Upgrade the Firtare cdsiccscctcoserscacdsceunbaneareanscenaetdnonsedeanunerssoersonunbddennenakis 5 2 Backing up Settings or Restoring SOUINGS ireciciiseriiiinissin dasini OOS ele eR ES bel 3t 16 See pee eer eae Peete etre Te Meer rery A 5 4 Restoring Settings from a Sudan File E E Sane ssid E E E T E Oe Restoring Factory Default Settings vigdenneats pecaatonss jondantate pienesens pipiri 5 4 Rebooting the WPN802 Access Point ssirsisonrersesi nannini sinnen 5 5 Viewing a List of Available Wireless Stations c ccecceeecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeetaeeteeeees DD Viewing SANSU sniene Peeree Tt Tereyreneye veer eer rr reerere renner Trrrer rer pre r ren Tren rrr a Chapter 6 Troubleshooting TUBS HGOUNE TDS cies sinccics nsandionaiacd pa pe OR No lights are lit on the access point PE E A EEA E A E E The Ethernet light is not lit AFART ei eee geehdencens PPR EEN gt TENGE PLEIN TODS NA ii onsas SE Siaa 6 1 cannot configure the access point from a browser u sssssssssssssessrrsrrnsses EEE o cannot access the Internet or the LAN with a wireless capable anpi E eee When enter
27. Open System authentication Authentication and WEP Data Encryption The absence of a physical connection between nodes makes the wireless links vulnerable to eavesdropping and information theft To provide a certain level of security the IEEE 802 11 standard has defined these two types of authentication methods e Open System With Open System authentication a wireless computer can join any network and receive any messages that are not encrypted B 2 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 e Shared Key With Shared Key authentication only those PCs that possess the correct authentication key can join the network By default IEEE 802 11 wireless devices operate in an Open System network Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP data encryption is used when the wireless devices are configured to operate in Shared Key authentication mode 802 11 Authentication The 802 11 standard defines several services that govern how two 802 11 devices communicate The following events must occur before an 802 11 Station can communicate with an Ethernet network through an access point such as the one built in to the WPN802 1 Turn on the wireless station The station listens for messages from any access points that are in range The station finds a message from an access point that has a matching SSID The station sends an authentication request to the access po
28. PN802 This process is illustrated below 802 11b Authentication Shared Key Steps 1 Authentication H ________ Access Point request sent to AP HA id Cable or DLS modem 1 EF lt _ 2 AP sends challenge text w Client 3 Client encrypts attempting challenge text and _ gt to connect sends it back to AP 4 AP decrypts and if correct mM _ k authenticates client 5 Client connects to network gt Figure B 2 Shared key authentication Overview of WEP Parameters Before enabling WEP on an 802 11 network you must first consider what type of encryption you require and the key size you want to use Typically there are three WEP Encryption options available for 802 11 products 1 Do Not Use WEP The 802 11 network does not encrypt data For authentication purposes the network uses Open System Authentication 2 Use WEP for Encryption A transmitting 802 11 device encrypts the data portion of every packet it sends using a configured WEP Key The receiving device decrypts the data using the same WEP Key For authentication purposes the network uses Open System Authentication 3 Use WEP for Authentication and Encryption A transmitting 802 11 device encrypts the data portion of every packet it sends using a configured WEP Key The receiving device decrypts the data using the same WEP Key For authentication purposes the wireless network uses
29. PSK a person sets a static key or passphrase as with WEP But using TKIP WPA PSK automatically changes the keys at a preset time interval making it much more difficult for hackers to find and exploit them The Wi Fi Alliance will call this WPA Personal Wi Fi Protected Access and IEEE 802 111 Comparison Wi Fi Protected Access will be forward compatible with the IEEE 802 111 security specification currently under development by the IEEE Wi Fi Protected Access is a subset of the current 802 11i draft taking certain pieces of the 802 11i draft that are ready to bring to market today such as its implementation of 802 1x and TKIP These features can also be enabled on most existing Wi Fi CERTIFIED products as a software upgrade The main pieces of the 802 111 draft that are not included in Wi Fi Protected Access are secure IBSS secure fast handoff secure de authentication and disassociation as well as enhanced encryption protocols such as AES CCMP These features are either not yet ready for market or will require hardware upgrades to implement Wi Fi Protected Access for the Enterprise Wi Fi Protected Access effectively addresses the WLAN security requirements for the enterprise and provides a strong encryption and authentication solution prior to the ratification of the IEEE 802 111 standard In an enterprise with IT resources Wi Fi Protected Access should be used in conjunction with an authentication server such as RADIUS to provide cent
30. PSK will block eavesdropping Because this is a new standard wireless device driver and software availability may be limited AutoCell Enhanced RF Security In addition to standard encryption and security mechanisms such as WEP and WPA the WG302 AutoCell Feature provides self organizing micro cells for an additional level of privacy for enterprises In this mode AutoCell shrinks the size of coverage to the minimum to reach clients but also shrinks the size of the beacons that access points use to announce their presence This mode makes an enterprise wireless LAN nearly invisible to users outside an office building AutoCell clients such as the NETGEAR WAGS11 are highly recommended for Enhanced RF Security 4 6 Wireless Configuration 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Information to Gather Before Changing Basic Wireless Settings Before customizing your wireless settings print this form and record the following information If you are working with an existing wireless network the person who set up or is responsible for the network will be able to provide this information Otherwise you will choose the settings for your wireless network Either way record the settings for your wireless network in the spaces below e Wireless Network Name SSID The SSID identifies the wireless network You can use up to 32 alphanumeric characters The SSID is case sensitive The SSID
31. Upload In some cases you may need to reconfigure the wireless access point after upgrading Backing up Settings or Restoring Settings This page lets you back up the Access Point s current settings and restore the factory default settings Once you have the Access Point working properly you should back up the information to have it available if something goes wrong When you backup the settings they are saved as a file on your computer You can restore the Access Point s settings from this file From the main menu of the browser interface click the Backup Restore Settings link under the Management heading The Backup Restore Settings dialog box opens Backup Restore Settings Back up a copy of the current settings to a file Backup Retrieve backed up settings from a file File l Browse Retrieve Restore factory default settings Restore Figure 5 3 Backup Restore Settings dialog box Management and Information 5 3 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Backing up Settings 1 On the Backup Restore Settings dialog box click Backup e Ifyou don t have your browser set up to save downloaded files automatically locate where you want to save the file rename it if you like and click Backup e Ifyou have your browser set up to save downloaded files automatically the file is saved to the your browser s download location on the hard di
32. a URL or IP address get a timeout error ssessesssssessrnsnssrnreeneee 6 2 Using the Reset Button to Restore Factory Default Settings T ee eisniedinte ae To clear all data and restore the factory default values esce 6 3 vi Contents 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Appendix A Technical Specifications Appendix B Wireless Networking Basics Wireless Networking COVE IW cesses tacssnsiite ieddseanctataxaorssedwacaandosaiicaenpseiazenontwbulacaeteuanadanns B 1 PUT LURE TENS MOE cess Gaaeaen da peananin vaenanot mmtaaten x eragsia a aeenaniaya pes amelaaboanutna peeteees B 1 Ad Hoc Mode Peer to Peer Workgroup cccceseseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeseneeeeees B 2 Network Name Extended Service Set Identification ESSID 00 eee B 2 Authentication and WEP Data Enciyplion scsssesonisinii B 2 eT A O a R B 3 Qpan System AUMemicalON sericioniaia E E EA EE E E B 3 Shared Key AUMEMUCHIO sonrisas iaeiaiai kaa aE aad ra ka E aa aa B 4 Ovevisw ol WEP Para WOn Sc scac vec cagudoudenviadaed sued ne e ii e Nier Tiaan B 5 Rey E Aa SE Oa B 6 WEP Conio OPINE sirocigiincein a a i Oi B 7 Wireless Chaine lg ss casctcateccnccsacicasuegescieloncetacquibars E EA B 7 WPA and WPA2 Wireless SECUTI ssarirsmissiiainisiisriianidaiis amid b SENAN NAE B 8 How Does WPA Compare 10 WEP ascicescstetassacccsesidulecstissenssajecsaiancasntunadedoeosinieaaet B 9 How Does WPA Compare to WPA2 IEEE 802 111 aueseseessessrssrrssnnss B 10 What are the
33. a WEP enhancement Temporal Key Integrity Protocol and Message Integrity Check MIC is a modification of WEP to defend against known attacks WEP four patches for key mixing message integrity rekeying initialization vector protection USB Universal Serial Bus A high speed bidirectional serial connection between a PC and a peripheral that transmits data at the rate of 12 megabits per second The new USB 2 0 specification provides a data rate of up to 480 Mbps compared to standard USB at only 12 Mbps 1394 FireWire and iLink all provide a bandwidth of up to 400 Mbps VoIP Voice over IP Voice transmission using Internet Protocol to create digital packets distributed over the Internet VoIP can be less expensive than voice transmission using standard analog packets over POTS Plain Old Telephone Service VPN Virtual Private Network A type of technology designed to increase the security of information transferred over the Internet VPN can work with either wired or wireless networks as well as with dial up connections over POTS VPN creates a private encrypted tunnel from the end user s computer through the local wireless network through the Internet all the way to the corporate servers and database War Chalking The act of making chalk marks on outdoor surfaces walls sidewalks buildings sign posts trees to indicate the existence of an open wireless network connection usually offering an Internet connection so that others
34. a server to dynamically assign IP addresses from a predefined list and limit their time of use so that they can be reassigned Without DHCP an IT Manager would have to manually enter in all the IP addresses of all the computers on the network When DHCP is used whenever a computer logs onto the network it automatically gets an IP address assigned to it Diversity antenna A type of antenna system that uses two antennas to maximize reception and transmission quality and reduce interference DNS Domain Name System A program that translates URLs to IP addresses by accessing a database maintained on a collection of Internet servers The program works behind the scenes to facilitate surfing the Web with alpha versus numeric addresses A DNS server converts a name like mywebsite com to a series of numbers like 107 22 55 26 Every website has its own specific IP address on the Internet Encryption Key An alphanumeric letters and or numbers series that enables data to be encrypted and then decrypted so it can be safely shared among members of a network WEP uses an encryption key that automatically encrypts outgoing wireless data On the receiving side the same encryption key enables the computer to automatically decrypt the information so it can be read Enhanced Data Encryption through TKIP To improve data encryption Wi Fi Protected Access utilizes its Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP TKIP provides important data encryption enhancem
35. advanced wireless settings of your wireless access point click the Wireless Setup link in the Advanced section of the main menu of the browser interface The Wireless Settings menu appears as shown below Wireless Configuration 4 3 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Advanced Wireless Settings Wireless LAN Parameters Enable Super G Mode Yes No RTS Threshold 1 2346 2346 Fragmentation Length 256 2346 2346 Beacon Interval 20 1000 i00 ms DTIM Interval 1 255 E Preamble Type C Long Auto Apply Cancel Figure 4 3 Advanced Wireless Settings menu e Enable SuperG Mode SuperG Mode may increase the overall wireless performance The default setting is Yes e RTS Threshold Request to Send Threshold The packet size that is used to determine if it should use the CSMA CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection mechanism or the CSMA CA mechanism for packet transmission With the CSMA CD transmission mechanism the transmitting station sends out the actual packet as soon as it has waited for the silence period With the CSMA CA transmission mechanism the transmitting station sends out an RTS packet to the receiving station and waits for the receiving station to send back a CTS Clear to Send packet before sending the actual packet data The default is 2346 e Fragmentation Length The maximum packet size used for fragmentation
36. agnostic test Off Power is not supplied to the WPN802 J Test On The unit is performing the power on self test diagnostic Off The unit successfully completed the power on self test diagnostic ey WLAN On The Wireless port is initialized and the wireless feature is enabled Off The wireless feature is turned off or there is a problem Ethernet On Green The Ethernet port has detected link with a 100 Mbps device Blink Green Data is being transmitted or received at 100 Mbps On Amber The Ethernet port has detected link with a 10 Mbps device Blink Amber Data is being transmitted or received at 10 Mbps Off No link is detected The Rear Panel The rear panel of the WPN802 contains the items listed below Seven integrated antennas inside LEDs show which wee antenna is on Power Ethernet Port Reset Button Figure 2 1 WPN802 Rear Panel 2 4 Introduction 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Viewed from left to right the rear panel contains the following features e AC power adapter outlet e Ethernet 10 100 Mbps port for connecting the access point to the network e Factory Default Reset push button for Using the Reset Button to Restore Factory Default Settings Introduction 202 10101 01 May 2005 2 5 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 2 6 In
37. another For example a router can do bridging and a hub may also be a switch But they are all involved in making sure data is transferred from one location to another A bridge connects devices that all use the same kind of protocol A router can connect networks that use differing protocols It also reads the addresses included in the packets and routes them to the appropriate computer station working with any other routers in the network to choose the best path to send the packets on A wireless hub or access point adds a few capabilities such as roaming and provides a network connection to a variety of clients but it does not allocate bandwidth A switch is a hub that has extra intelligence It can read the address of a packet and send it to the appropriate computer station A wireless gateway is an access point that provides additional capabilities such as NAT routing DHCP firewalls security etc Ad Hoc mode A client setting that provides independent peer to peer connectivity in a wireless LAN An alternative set up is one where PCs communicate with each other through an AP See access point and Infrastructure mode Bandwidth The amount of transmission capacity that is available on a network at any point in time Available bandwidth depends on several variables such as the rate of data transmission speed between networked devices network overhead number of users and the type of device used to connect PCs to a network It is similar t
38. are lit on the access point The access point has no power e Make sure the power cord is connected to the access point and plugged in to a working power outlet or power strip e Make sure you are using the correct NETGEAR power adapter supplied with your access point The Ethernet light is not lit There is a hardware connection problem e Make sure the cable connectors are securely plugged in at the access point and the network device hub switch or router e Make sure the connected device is turned on The WLAN light is not lit The access point s antennas are not working e Ifthe Wireless LAN activity light stays off disconnect the adapter from its power source and then plug it in again e Contact NETGEAR if the WLAN light remains off Troubleshooting 6 1 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 cannot configure the access point from a browser Check these items The WPN802 is properly installed LAN connections are OK and it is powered on Check that the LAN port LED is green to verify that the Ethernet connection is OK If you are using the NetBIOS name of the WPN802 to connect ensure that your PC and the WPN802 are on the same network segment or that there is a WINS server on your network If your computer uses a Fixed Static IP address ensure that it is using an IP Address in the range of the WPN802 The WPN802 default IP Address is
39. aseT networks offer a bandwidth of about 10 Mbps Fast Ethernet 100 Mbps and Gigabit Ethernet 1000 Mbps are becoming popular Firewall A system that secures a network and prevents access by unauthorized users Firewalls can be software hardware or a combination of both Firewalls can prevent unrestricted access into a network as well as restrict data from flowing out of a network Gateway In the wireless world a gateway is an access point with additional software capabilities such as providing NAT and DHCP Gateways may also provide VPN support roaming firewalls various levels of security etc Hot Spot also referred to as Public Access Location A place where you can access Wi Fi service This can be for free or for a fee HotSpots can be inside a coffee shop airport lounge train station convention center hotel or any other public meeting area Corporations and campuses are also implementing HotSpots to provide wireless Internet access to their visitors and guests In some parts of the world HotSpots are known as CoolSpots Hub A multiport device used to connect PCs to a network via Ethernet cabling or via Wi Fi Wired hubs can have numerous ports and can transmit data at speeds ranging from 10 Mbps to multigigabyte speeds per second A hub transmits packets it receives to all the connected ports A small wired hub may only connect 4 computers a large hub can connect 48 or more Wireless hubs can connect hundreds HZ
40. at the software supporting the specific EAP type resides on the authentication server and within the operating system or application supplicant software on the client devices The access point acts as a pass through for 802 1x messages which means that you can specify any EAP type without needing to upgrade an 802 1x compliant access point As a result you can update the EAP authentication type to such devices as token cards Smart Cards Kerberos one time passwords certificates and public key authentication or as newer types become available and your requirements for security change WPA WPA2 Data Encryption Key Management With 802 1x the rekeying of unicast encryption keys is optional Additionally 802 11 and 802 1x provide no mechanism to change the global encryption key used for multicast and broadcast traffic With WPA WPA2 rekeying of both unicast and global encryption keys is required For the unicast encryption key the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP changes the key for every frame and the change is synchronized between the wireless client and the wireless access point AP For the global encryption key WPA includes a facility the Information Element for the wireless AP to advertise the changed key to the connected wireless clients If configured to implement dynamic key exchange the 802 1x authentication server can return session keys to the access point along with the accept message The access point uses t
41. atures of your WPN802 Access Point In planning your wireless network you should consider the level of security required You should also select the physical placement of your wireless access point in order to maximize the network speed For further information on wireless networking refer to Appendix B Wireless Networking Basics Observe Performance Placement and Range Guidelines The operating distance or range of your wireless connection can vary significantly based on the physical placement of the wireless wireless access point The latency data throughput performance and notebook power consumption of wireless adapters also vary depending on your configuration choices gt Note Failure to follow these guidelines can result in significant performance lt degradation or inability to wirelessly connect to the wireless access point For complete range performance specifications please see Appendix A Technical Specifications For best results place your wireless access point e Near the center of the area in which your computers will operate e In an elevated location such as a high shelf where the wirelessly connected computers have line of sight access even if through walls e Away from sources of interference such as computers microwaves and 2 4 GHz cordless phones e Away from large metal surfaces The time it takes to establish a wireless connection can vary depending on both your security setti
42. computer with Internet access and an Ethernet adapter If this computer is already part of your network record its TCP IP configuration settings 3 2 Basic Installation and Configuration 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 2 Configure the computer with a static IP address of 192 168 0 210 and 255 255 255 0 as the Subnet Mask 3 Connect an Ethernet cable from the WPN802 to the computer Figure 3 1 WPN802 connected to a computer during configuration 4 Turn on your computer and connect the power adapter to the WPN802 Then check the lights on the front Power The power light should be lit If the power light is not lit check the connections and check to see if the power outlet is controlled by a wall switch that is turned off Wes The test light blinks when the WPN802 is first turned on E WLAN The wireless light should be lit Ethernet The Ethernet LAN light should be lit amber for a 10 Mbps connection and green for a 100 Mbps connection If not make sure the Ethernet cable is securely attached at both ends Basic Installation and Configuration 3 3 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Then Configure the Basic Settings 1 Connect to the WPN802 by opening your browser and entering http 192 168 0 231 in the address field 2 When prompted enter admin for the u
43. cts based on IEEE 802 11 specification Currently the Wi Fi Alliance has 193 member companies from around the world and 509 products have received Wi Fi certification since certification began in March of 2000 The goal of the Wi Fi Alliance s members is to enhance the user experience through product interoperability www weca net Wi Fi Protected Access WPA WPA is a security technology for wireless networks that improves on the authentication and encryption features of WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy In fact WPA was developed by the networking industry in response to the shortcomings of WEP One of the key technologies behind WPA is the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP TKIP addresses the encryption weaknesses of WEP Another key component of WPA is built in authentication that WEP Glossary 13 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 does not offer With this feature WPA provides roughly comparable security to VPN tunneling with WEP with the benefit of easier administration and use This is similar to 802 1x support and requires a RADIUS server in order to implement The Wi Fi Alliance will call this WPA Enterprise One variation of WPA is called WPA Pre Shared Key or WPA PSK for short this provides an authentication alternative to an expensive RADIUS server WPA PSK is a simplified but still powerful form of WPA most suitable for home Wi Fi networking To use WPA
44. dio or voice will have a higher priority than normal traffic For WMM to function correctly wireless clients must also support WMM Wireless Networking Wireless Networking refers to the infrastructure enabling the transmission of wireless signals A network ties things together and enables resource sharing WLAN Wireless LAN Also referred to as LAN A type of local area network that uses wireless or high frequency radio waves rather than wires to communicate between nodes Glossary 15 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 16 Glossary 202 10101 01 May 2005
45. discovers the devices To force the wireless access point to look for associated devices click the Refresh button Note A wireless network can include multiple wireless access points all using the same network name SSID This enables extending the reach of the wireless network and lets users roam from one access point to another providing seamless network connectivity Under these circumstances be aware that only the stations associated with this access point will be presented in the Available Station List Viewing Statistics Click on the Statistics link to display usage statistics as shown below Statistics Wired Ethernet Received Transmitted Packets 3295 3297 Bytes 215149 869153 Wireless Received Transmitted Unicast Packets 53607 1729 Non Unicast Packets 1 576 Total Packets 53608 2305 Total Bytes 758 37101 Refresh Figure 5 6 Statistics screen This page displays both wired and wireless interface network traffic Click Refresh to update the current statistics 5 6 Management and Information 202 10101 01 May 2005 Chapter 6 Troubleshooting This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 After each problem description instructions are provided to help you diagnose and solve the problem Troubleshooting Tips Here are some tips for correcting simple problems you may have No lights
46. dynamic This is because WEP based clients cannot support it All other benefits to the WPA clients such as integrity are maintained However a mixed mode supporting WPA WPA2 and non WPA WPA2 clients would offer network security that is no better than that obtained with a non WPA WPA2 network and thus this mode of operation is discouraged B 16 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Changes to Wireless Access Points Wireless access points must have their firmware updated to support the following e The new WPA WPA2 information element To advertise their support of WPA WPA2 wireless APs send the beacon frame with a new 802 11 WPA WPA2 information element that contains the wireless AP s security configuration encryption algorithms and wireless security configuration information The WPA WPA2 two phase authentication Open system then 802 1x EAP with RADIUS or preshared key TKIP e Michael e AES WPA2 To upgrade your wireless access points to support WPA WPA2 obtain a WPA WPA2 firmware update from your wireless AP vendor and upload it to your wireless AP Changes to Wireless Network Adapters Wireless networking software in the adapter and possibly in the OS or client application must be updated to support the following e The new WPA WPA2 information element Wireless clients must be able to process the WPA WPA2 informati
47. e WPN802 make sure your system meets these requirements e A 10 100 Mbps Local Area Network device such as a hub router or switch e The Category 5 UTP straight through Ethernet cable with RJ 45 connector included in the package or one like it e A 100 240 V 50 60 HZ AC power source e A Web browser for configuration such as Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 0 or above or Netscape Navigator 4 78 or above e At least one computer with the TCP IP protocol installed e 802 11b or 802 11b compliant devices such as the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless PCI Adapter WPN311 Prepare to Install Your Wireless Access Point e Observe the wireless placement and range guidelines in Observe Performance Placement and Range Guidelines on page 4 1 e For Cable Modem Service When you perform the wireless access point setup steps be sure to use the computer you first registered with your cable ISP e For DSL Service You may need information such as the DSL login name e mail address and password in order to complete the wireless access point setup e Familiarize yourself with the contents of the Resource CD for the NETGEAR WPN802 RangeMax Wireless Access Point 240 10213 01 especially this manual and the animated tutorials for configuring networking on PCs First Connect the Wireless Access Point to Your Computer Before installing the wireless access point make sure that your Ethernet network is up and working 1 Prepare a
48. e WPN802 via a wireless link The firmware upgrade must be preformed via a workstation connected to the WPN802 the Ethernet LAN interface The software of the WPN802 Access Point is stored in FLASH memory and can be upgraded as new software is released by NETGEAR Upgrade files can be downloaded from the NETGEAR Web site If the upgrade file is compressed ZIP file you must first extract the image RMG file before sending it to the wireless access point The upgrade file can be sent using your browser Note The Web browser used to upload new firmware into the WPN802 Access Point must support HTTP uploads such as Microsoft Internet Explorer 6 0 or above or Netscape Navigator 4 78 or above Then Upgrade the Firmware 1 Go to the NETGEAR Web site hitp www NETGEAR com Customer Service downloads section to get new versions of the Access Point software 2 Download and unzip if the download file is a zip file the new software file 3 From the main menu of the browser interface click the Upgrade Firmware link under the Management heading 5 2 Management and Information 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 The Upgrade Firmware dialog box opens Upgrade Firmware Browse to locate the firmware file _Browse _ Upload Figure 5 2 Upgrade Firmware dialog box 4 Click the Browse button and browse to the location of the upgrade file 5 Click
49. e Zone Select the appropriate local time zone for your Access Point from a list of all available time zones The default is GMT Next Configure the Wireless Settings After you configure the Basic Settings for the WPN802 then you need to configure the Wireless Settings 1 On the Settings page click Wireless Settings The Wireless Settings menu appears Wireless Settings Country Region Select Region gt Wireless LAN M Turn Radio On Wireless Network Name SSID NETGEAR Broadcast Wireless Network Name SSID V Enable SSID Broadcast Operating Mode 802 11b Only gt Channel Frequency 06 2 437GHz gt Data Rate Best gt Output Power Full gt Cancel Figure 3 4 Wireless Settings menu 2 Enter the wireless settings For more information see Understanding Wireless Settings on page 4 2 3 Test the wireless connectivity To do this use a computer with a wireless adapter that is configured according to the wireless settings you just set in the WPN802 With this computer establish a wireless connection to the WPN802 Now that you have finished the setup steps you are ready to deploy the WPN802 in your network If needed you can now reconfigure the PC you used in step 1 back to its original TCP IP settings 3 6 Basic Installation and Configuration 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Deploy the WPN802 and Verify Wir
50. e permitted to join the BSS unless it can provide the unique SSID Because an SSID can be sniffed in plain text from a packet it does not supply any security to the network An SSID is also referred to as a Network Name because essentially it is a name that identifies a wireless network SSL Secure Sockets Layer Commonly used encryption scheme used by many online retail and banking sites to protect the financial integrity of transactions When an SSL session begins the server sends its public key to the browser The browser then sends a randomly generated secret key back to the server in order to have a secret key exchange for that session Subnetwork or Subnet Found in larger networks these smaller networks are used to simplify addressing between numerous computers Subnets connect to the central network through a router hub or gateway Each individual wireless LAN will probably use the same subnet for all the local computers it talks to Switch A type of hub that efficiently controls the way multiple devices use the same network so that each can operate at optimal performance A switch acts as a networks traffic cop rather than transmitting all the packets it receives to all ports as a hub does a switch transmits packets to only the receiving port TCP Transmission Control Protocol A protocol used along with the Internet Protocol IP to send data in the form of individual units called packets between computers over the Internet
51. e procedures described in the following sections to configure the WPN802 Store this information in a safe place Wireless Configuration 4 7 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 How to Set Up and Test Basic Wireless Connectivity Note If you use a wireless computer to configure WPA settings you will be nat disconnected when you click Apply Reconfigure your wireless adapter to match the new settings or access the wireless access point from a wired computer to make any further changes Follow the instructions below to set up and test basic wireless connectivity Once you have established basic wireless connectivity you can enable security settings appropriate to your needs i Log in to the WPN802 at its default LAN address of http 192 168 0 231 with its default user name of admin and default password of password or using whatever LAN address and password you have set up Click Wireless Settings in the main menu of the WPN802 Wireless Settings Country Region Select Region gt Wireless LAN M Turn Radio On Wireless Network Name SSID NETGEAR Broadcast Wireless Network Name SSID V Enable SSID Broadcast Operating Mode 802 11b Only gt Channel Frequency 06 2 437GHz gt Data Rate Best gt Output Power Full gt Cancel Figure 4 5 Wireless Settings menu Choose a suitable descriptive name for the wireless
52. ead the network address in each transmitted frame and make a decision on how to send it via the most efficient route based on traffic load line costs speed bad connections etc Satellite broadband A wireless high speed Internet connection provided by satellites Some satellite broadband connections are two way up and down Others are one way with the satellite providing a high speed downlink and then using a dial up telephone connection or other land based system for the uplink to the Internet Server A computer that provides its resources to other computers and devices on a network These include print servers Internet servers and data servers A server can also be combined with a hub or router 10 Glossary 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Site survey The process whereby a wireless network installer inspects a location prior to putting in a wireless network Site surveys are used to identify the radio and client use properties of a facility so that access points can be optimally placed SSID also called ESSID A 32 character unique identifier attached to the header of packets sent over a WLAN that acts as a password when a mobile device tries to connect to the BSS Also called ESSID The SSID differentiates one WLAN from another so all access points and all devices attempting to connect to a specific WLAN must use the same SSID A device will not b
53. eless Connectivity When you have configured the Basic Settings and the Wireless Settings then you can deploy the WPN802 1 Disconnect the WPN802 and position it where you will deploy it The best location is elevated such as wall mounted or on the top of a cubicle at the center of your wireless coverage area and within line of sight of all the mobile devices Use the plastic clips provided to place the WPN802 y Oe ae vertically if it is on a metal surface Figure 3 5 WPN802 placed in a vertical orientation 2 Connect an Ethernet cable from your WPN802 Access Point to a LAN port on your router switch or hub Figure 3 6 WPN802 connected to a router Note By default the WPN802 is set with the DHCP client disabled If your network uses dynamic IP addresses you will need to change this setting Basic Installation and Configuration 3 7 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Connect the power adapter to the wireless access point and plug the power adapter in to a power outlet The Power WLAN and Ethernet lights should light up Using a computer with an 802 11g or 802 11b wireless adapter with the correct wireless settings verify connectivity by using a browser such as Netscape or Internet Explorer to connect to the Internet or check for file and printer access on your network Note If you are unable to connect see Chapter 3 Configure the
54. enie rasire a e aa aA 3 2 Prepare to Install Your Wireless Access Point ccccsseeceeeeeeeeeceeeeeeseeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeetenees 3 2 First Connect the Wireless Access Point to Your Computer cccssseeceeesesteeeeeeeeaes 3 2 Then Contiqure the Basie SQHMOS sxc sccesssinonmeranaramtanaten anual ata adoenens 3 4 Next Configure the Wireless Settings cc tccccseiiccesceedea cece weessseredabceeadenneecarimedacnanans 3 6 Deploy the WPN802 and Verify Wireless Connectivity c ceceeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeenaeeetees 3 7 How to Log In to the WPN802 Using Its Default IP Address 3 8 Chapter 4 Wireless Configuration Observe Performance Placement and Range Guidelines cccseeeseeeeeeteeeeeeeeees 4 1 Understanding Wireless SUNOS srra iaeaea aa neiaa 4 2 Contents v 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Implementing Appropriate Wireless Security ccesceecece cesses teeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeettaeeeteeee ee 425 Information to Gather Before Changing Basic Wireless Settings ccceeee 4 7 How to Set Up and Test Basic Wireless Connectivity ce cceceeeeceeeeeeteeeeeeeees 4 8 Howto Gonigure WEP or WPA sc ciccianccoraaa ehgeccoineaetnadeiadnaatinacamenies 4 9 Configuring Advanced Wireless Settings diovan Wireless Card Access Restricting by MAC Address ccssceseeeeeseeeeseeeeeeeeeeeaaes 4 12 Tumming Access ILRI eiris a a Ig Setting up the Access Control List cassie saninin A le Chapter 5
55. ensure that the WPN802 is connected and turned on Connect to it and check its settings If you cannot connect to it check the LAN and power connections 6 2 Troubleshooting 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 e If the WPN802 is configured correctly check your Internet connection DSL Cable modem etc to make sure that it is working e Try again e When entering configuration settings be sure to click the Apply button before moving to another menu or tab or your changes are lost e Click the Refresh or Reload button in the Web browser The changes may have occurred but the Web browser may be caching the old configuration Using the Reset Button to Restore Factory Default Settings The reset button on the rear panel of the WPN802 has two functions e Reboot When pressed and released quickly the WPN802 will reboot restart e Reset to Factory Defaults This button can also be used to clear ALL data and restore ALL settings to the factory default values These settings are shown in Default Factory Settings on page 3 1 To clear all data and restore the factory default values 1 Power off the WPN802 and power it back on 2 Use something with a small point such as a pen to press the reset button in and hold it in for at least five seconds 3 Release the reset button The factory default configuration has now been restored and the WPN80
56. ents including a per packet key mixing function a message integrity check MIC named Michael an extended initialization vector IV with sequencing rules and a re keying mechanism Through these enhancements TKIP addresses all WEP known vulnerabilities Enterprise level User Authentication via 802 1x and EAP WEP has almost no user authentication mechanism To strengthen user authentication Wi Fi Protected Access implements 802 1x and the Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP Together these implementations provide a framework for strong user authentication This framework utilizes a central authentication server such as RADIUS to authenticate each user on the network before they join it and also employs mutual authentication so that the wireless user doesn t accidentally join a rogue network that might steal its network credentials Glossary 5 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 ESSID more commonly referred to as SSID Short Set Identifier The identifying name of an 802 11 wireless network When you specify your correct ESSID in your client setup you ensure that you connect to your wireless network rather than another network in range See SSID The ESSID can be called by different terms such as Network Name Preferred Network SSID or Wireless LAN Service Area Ethernet International standard networking technology for wired implementations Basic 10B
57. er holds or has access to user credentials for example user names and passwords and authenticates wireless users before they gain access to the network The strength of WPA WPA2 comes from an integrated sequence of operations that encompass 802 1 X EAP authentication and sophisticated key management and encryption techniques Its major operations include e Network security capability determination This occurs at the 802 11 level and is communicated through WPA information elements in Beacon Probe Response and Re Association Requests Information in these elements includes the authentication method 802 1X or Pre shared key and the preferred cipher suite WEP TKIP or AES B 10 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 The primary information conveyed in the Beacon frames is the authentication method and the cipher suite Possible authentication methods include 802 1X and Pre shared key Pre shared key is an authentication method that uses a statically configured pass phrase on both the stations and the access point This obviates the need for an authentication server which in many home and small office environments will not be available nor desirable Possible cipher suites include WEP TKIP and AES Advanced Encryption Standard We talk more about TKIP and AES when addressing data privacy below e Authentication EAP over 802 1X is used
58. er ten hexadecimal digits any combination of 0 9 a f or A F These entries are not case sensitive AA is the same as aa 4 10 Wireless Configuration 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Select which of the four keys will be active 6 Enable Wireless Client Security Separator The associated wireless clients will not be able to communicate with each other if this feature is enabled The default setting is Disable 7 Click Apply to save your settings Configuring Advanced Wireless Settings Click on Wireless Settings under the Advanced Heading in the Main Menu to go to the Advanced Wireless Settings page Advanced Wireless Settings Wireless LAN Parameters Enable Super G Mode Yes CNo RTS Threshold 1 2346 2346 Fragmentation Length 256 2346 2346 Beacon Interval 20 1000 fi00 ms DTIM Interval 1 255 fi Preamble Type Long Auto Apply Cancel Figure 4 7 Advanced Wireless Settings page Warning The wireless access point is already configured with the optimum settings Do not alter these settings unless directed by NETGEAR support Incorrect settings may disable the wireless access point unexpectedly The advanced wireless settings are explained below e Enable SuperG Mode Enable SuperG mode may increase the overall wireless performance Default Disabled e RTS Threshold Request to Send Threshold The packet size that is u
59. for authentication Mutual authentication is gained by choosing an EAP type supporting this feature and is required by WPA 802 1X port access control prevents full access to the network until authentication completes 802 1X EAPOL Key packets are used by WPA to distribute per session keys to those stations successfully authenticated The supplicant in the station uses the authentication and cipher suite information contained in the information elements to decide which authentication method and cipher suite to use For example if the access point is using the pre shared key method then the supplicant need not authenticate using full blown 802 1X Rather the supplicant must simply prove to the access point that it is in possession of the pre shared key If the supplicant detects that the service set does not contain a WPA information element then it knows it must use pre WPA 802 1X authentication and key management in order to access the network e Key management WPA WPA2 features a robust key generation management system that integrates the authentication and data privacy functions Keys are generated after successful authentication and through a subsequent 4 way handshake between the station and Access Point AP e Data Privacy Encryption Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP is used to wrap WEP in sophisticated cryptographic and security techniques to overcome most of its weaknesses e Data integrity TKIP includes a message integrity code
60. g providing connectivity to an access point AP As compared to Ad Hoc mode whereby PCs communicate directly with each other clients set in Infrastructure Mode all pass data through a central AP The AP not only mediates wireless network traffic in the immediate neighborhood but also provides communication with the wired network See Ad Hoc and AP IP Internet Protocol address A 32 bit number that identifies each sender or receiver of information that is sent across the Internet An IP address has two parts an identifier of a particular network on the Internet and an identifier of the particular device which can be a server or a workstation within that network ISO Network Model A network model developed by the International Standards Organization ISO that consists of seven different levels or layers By standardizing these layers and the interfaces in between different portions of a given protocol can be modified or changed as technologies advance or systems requirements are altered The seven layers are e Physical e Data Link e Network e Transport e Session e Presentation e Application The IEFE 802 11 Standard encompasses the physical layer PHY and the lower portion of the data link layer The lower portion of the data link layer is often referred to as the Medium Access Controller MAC sublayer Glossary 7 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802
61. gear com A direct connection to the Internet and a Web browser such as Internet Explorer or Netscape are required Product and Publication Details Model Number WPN802 Publication Date May 2005 Product Family Wireless Access Point Product Name NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Home or Business Product Business Language English Publication Part Number 202 10101 01 202 10101 01 May 2005 202 10101 01 May 2005 Contents Chapter 1 About This Manual Audience Scope Conventions and Formats ccccccccccsscececessseeeeeeeenseeeeeseenuteeeesenaees 1 1 Fow 10 Use Tho Manual ieee eeeneetee ater aeree cepete ne etre tet cecr aE rece terres 1 2 How io Frim his Manya mauna aO A 1 2 Chapter 2 Introduction Key FPOGIUIES senine EE AAE 2 1 RangeMax Multi In Multi Out MIMO Technology sseeeeseesseeesseseereeeesnsn 2 1 202 110 Wirdloss SIGH HIE nico alent seeiedagaraccuiacehieceinieaateeeinadetcaeeiaiaieeecunneonesminiedee 2 2 Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink 0 00 2 cceeceeeeseeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeneees 2 2 Compatible and Related NETGEAR Products c cccsseeeeeeeeeeeceteseeeesetaeeeseneees 2 3 Package CO MONE sicaccncawraceen nacaxcanctpessanaete O ONR 2 3 The Front Panel Sate GOME onivrsncncsn satan neniae nonin amanaamannes 2 4 EPEa FN eaa awa caseher a aud a E A seis e a 2 4 Chapter 3 Basic Installation and Configuration Heraut Facon SenNgS eurer EEEE 3 1 System Regurem
62. he session keys to build sign and encrypt an EAP key message that is sent to the client immediately after sending the success message The client can then use contents of the key message to define applicable encryption keys In typical 802 1x implementations the client can automatically change encryption keys as often as necessary to minimize the possibility of eavesdroppers having enough time to crack the key in current use B 14 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP WPA uses TKIP to provide important data encryption enhancements including a per packet key mixing function a message integrity check MIC named Michael an extended initialization vector IV with sequencing rules and a re keying mechanism TKIP also provides for the following e The verification of the security configuration after the encryption keys are determined e The synchronized changing of the unicast encryption key for each frame e The determination of a unique starting unicast encryption key for each preshared key authentication Michael With 802 11 and WEP data integrity is provided by a 32 bit integrity check value ICV that is appended to the 802 11 payload and encrypted with WEP Although the ICV is encrypted you can use cryptanalysis to change bits in the encrypted payload and update the encrypted ICV without being detec
63. hical Conventions italics Emphasis books CDs URL names bold User input fixed Screen text file and server names extensions commands IP addresses This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages Ce Note This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest This manual is written for the WPN802 Access Point according to these specifications Table 1 2 Manual Scope Product Version NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Manual Publication Date May 2005 Note Product updates are available on the NETGEAR Inc Web site at gt http kbserver netgear com products WPN802 asp About This Manual 1 1 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 How to Use This Manual The HTML version of this manual includes the following Buttons gt and _ lt __ for browsing forwards or backwards through the manual one page at a time A button that displays the table of contents and an button Double click on a link in the table of contents or index to navigate directly to where the topic is described in the manual A Knowledge Base button to access the full NETGEAR Inc online knowledge base for the product model Links to PDF versions of the full manual and individual chapters How to Print this Manual To print this manual you can choose
64. his equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna e Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver e Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance This is to certify that the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 is shielded against the generation of radio interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89 336 EEC Article 4a Conformity is declared by the application of EN 55 022 Class B CISPR 22 Best tigung des Herstellers Importeurs Es wird hiermit best tigt da das NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 gem der im BMPT AmtsblVfg 243 1991 und Vfg 46 1992 aufgef hrten Bestimmungen entstort ist Das vorschriftsmafige Betreiben einiger Ger te z B Testsender kann jedoch gewissen Beschr nkungen unterliegen Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung Das Bundesamt fiir Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet da dieses Ger t auf den Markt gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt die Serie auf die Erf llung der Vorschriften hin zu berpr
65. ic firmware solutions 802 11e Standard 802 1 1e is a proposed IEEE standard to define quality of service QoS mechanisms for wireless gear that gives support to bandwidth sensitive applications such as voice and video 802 11g Standard Similar to 802 11b this physical layer standard provides a throughput of up to 54 Mbps It also operates in the 2 4 GHz frequency band but uses a different radio technology in order to boost overall bandwidth 802 111 This is the name of the IEEE Task Group dedicated to standardizing WLAN security The 802 111 Security has a frame work based on RSN Robust Security Mechanism RSN consists of two parts 1 The Data Privacy Mechanism and 2 Security Association Management The Data Privacy Mechanism supports two proposed schemes TKIP and AES TKIP Temporal Key Integrity is a short term solution that defines software patches to WEP to provide a minimally adequate level of data privacy AES or AES OCB Advanced Encryption Standard and Offset Codebook is a robust data privacy scheme and is a longer term solution Security Association Management is addressed by a RSN Negotiation Procedures b IEEE 802 1x Authentication and c IEEE 802 1x Key management The standards are being defined to naturally co exist with pre RSN networks that are currently deployed 802 11n Standard A recently formed Oct 2003 IEEE official task group referred to as 802 11n or TGn for the 100 Mbps wireless physical layer
66. icularly important to users unknown to each other The authentication capability defined in the specification enables a secure access control mechanism for the service providers and for mobile users not utilizing VPN connections Wi Fi Protected Access in Mixed Mode Deployment In a large network with many clients a likely scenario is that access points will be upgraded before all the Wi Fi clients Some access points may operate in a mixed mode which supports both clients running Wi Fi Protected Access and clients running original WEP security While useful for transition the net effect of supporting both types of client devices is that security will operate at the less secure level WEP common to all the devices Therefore organizations will benefit by accelerating the move to Wi Fi Protected Access for all Wi Fi clients and access points WiMAX An IEEE 802 16 Task Group that provides a specification for fixed broadband wireless access systems employing a point to multipoint PMP architecture Task Group of IEEE 802 16 developed a point to multipoint broadband wireless access standard for systems in the frequency range 10 66 GHz The standard covers both the Media Access Control MAC and the physical PHY layers Wireless Multimedia WMM WMM Wireless Multimedia is a subset of the 802 11le standard WMM allows wireless traffic to have a range of priorities depending on the kind of data Time dependent information like video au
67. ilable in all countries Wireless Network Name SSID The default is NETGEAR Enter a 32 character maximum The characters are case sensitive Note You will not get a wireless network connection unless the network SSID matches exactly what is configured in the access point Broadcast Wireless Network Name SSID If enabled the Wireless Access Point will broadcast its SSID If set to disable the SSID is not broadcast Operating Mode Select the desired wireless operating mode The default is Auto 11g 11b You can change this to 11g Only or 11b Only Channel Frequency Select the channel for your wireless LAN This feature is disabled if AutoCell is enabled It should not be necessary to change the wireless channel unless you notice interference problems with another nearby access point For more information on the wireless channel frequencies please refer to Wireless Channels on page B 7 e Data Rate The available transmit data rate of the wireless network Note that 108 Mbps option is available when the Channel Frequency is set to channel 6 and the operating mode is set to 11g Only Output Power Shows the available transmit power of the access point The possible Tx power options are Full 50 25 12 5 and minimum The transmit power may varies depends on the local regulatory regulations Note that this feature will be disabled if AutoCell is enabled Understanding Advanced Wireless Settings To configure the
68. ill in beta B 18 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Glossary Use the list below to find definitions for technical terms used in this manual 802 11 Standard 802 11 or IEEE 802 11 is a type of radio technology used for wireless local area networks WLANs It is a standard that has been developed by the IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers http standards ieee org The IEEE is an international organization that develops standards for hundreds of electronic and electrical technologies The organization uses a series of numbers like the Dewey Decimal system in libraries to differentiate between the various technology families The 802 subgroup of the IEEE develops standards for local and wide area networks with the 802 11 section reviewing and creating standards for wireless local area networks Wi Fi 802 11 is composed of several standards operating in different radio frequencies 802 11b is a standard for wireless LANs operating in the 2 4 GHz spectrum with a bandwidth of 11 Mbps 802 11a is a different standard for wireless LANs and pertains to systems operating in the 5 GHz frequency range with a bandwidth of 54 Mbps Another standard 802 11g is for WLANS operating in the 2 4 GHz frequency but with a bandwidth of 54 Mbps 802 11a Standard An IEEE specification for wireless networking that operates in the 5
69. ing the installation process for most wireless networks you need to enter the network name or SSID Different network names are used when setting up your individual computer wired network or workgroup 8 Glossary 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 NIC Network Interface Card A type of PC adapter card that either works without wires Wi Fi or attaches to a network cable to provide two way communication between the computer and network devices such as a hub or switch Most office wired NICs operate at 10 Mbps Ethernet 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet or 10 100 Mbps dual speed High speed Gigabit and 10 Gigabit NIC cards are also available See PC Card PC card also called PCMCIA A removable credit card sized memory or I O input output device that fits into a Type 2 PCMCIA standard slot PC Cards are used primarily in PCs portable computers PDAs and laptops PC Card peripherals include Wi Fi cards memory cards modems NICs hard drives etc PCI adapter A high performance I O computer bus used internally on most computers Other bus types include ISA and AGP PCIs and other computer buses enable the addition of internal cards that provide services and features not supported by the motherboard or other connectors Peer to peer network also called Ad Hoc in WLANs A wireless or wired computer network that has no server or central hub or router All the networked PCs
70. int The access point authenticates the station The station sends an association request to the access point The access point associates with the station oc ND MR WN The station can now communicate with the Ethernet network through the access point An access point must authenticate a station before the station can associate with the access point or communicate with the network The IEEE 802 11 standard defines two types of authentication Open System and Shared Key e Open System Authentication allows any device to join the network assuming that the device SSID matches the access point SSID Alternatively the device can use the ANY SSID option to associate with any available Access Point within range regardless of its SSID e Shared Key Authentication requires that the station and the access point have the same WEP Key to authenticate These two authentication procedures are described below Open System Authentication The following steps occur when two devices use Open System Authentication 1 The station sends an authentication request to the access point Wireless Networking Basics B 3 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 2 The access point authenticates the station 3 The station associates with the access point and joins the network This process is illustrated below 802 11b Authentication Open System Steps 1 Authentication request
71. it WEP Key is expressed as 5 sets of two hexadecimal digits 0 9 and A F For example 12 34 56 78 90 is a 40 bit WEP Key When configured for 128 bit encryption 802 11 products typically support four WEP Keys but some manufacturers support only one 128 bit key The 128 bit WEP Key is expressed as 13 sets of two hexadecimal digits 0 9 and A F For example 12 34 56 78 90 AB CD EF 12 34 56 78 90 is a 128 bit WEP Key Table B 1 Encryption Key Sizes Encryption Key Size of Hexadecimal Digits Example of Hexadecimal Key Content 64 bit 24 40 10 4C72F08AE1 128 bit 24 104 26 4C72F08AE19D57A3FF6B260037 Note Typically 802 11 access points can store up to four 128 bit WEP Keys but some 802 11 client adapters can only store one Therefore make sure that your 802 11 access and client adapters configurations match B 6 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 WEP Configuration Options The WEP settings must match on all 802 11 devices that are within the same wireless network as identified by the SSID In general if your mobile clients will roam between access points then all of the 802 11 access points and all of the 802 11 client adapters on the network must have the same WEP settings Note Whatever keys you enter for an AP you must also enter the same keys for the client adapter in the same order In o
72. ith an unauthenticated supplicant client device attempting to connect with an authenticator 802 11 access point The client sends an EAP start message This begins a series of message exchanges to authenticate the client 2 The access point replies with an EAP request identity message Wireless Networking Basics B 13 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 3 The client sends an EAP response packet containing the identity to the authentication server The access point responds by enabling a port for passing only EAP packets from the client to an authentication server located on the wired side of the access point The access point blocks all other traffic such as HTTP DHCP and POP3 packets until the access point can verify the client s identity using an authentication server for example RADIUS 4 The authentication server uses a specific authentication algorithm to verify the client s identity This could be through the use of digital certificates or some other EAP authentication type 5 The authentication server will either send an accept or reject message to the access point 6 The access point sends an EAP success packet or reject packet to the client 7 Ifthe authentication server accepts the client then the access point will transition the client s port to an authorized state and forward additional traffic The important part to know at this point is th
73. ments with a Remote Authentication Dial In User Service RADIUS infrastructure WPA supports Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP For environments without a RADIUS infrastructure WPA supports the use of a pre shared key Together these technologies provide a framework for strong user authentication Windows XP implements 802 1x natively and several NETGEAR switch and wireless access point products support 802 1x Wireless Networking Basics 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Client with a WPA WPA2 enabled wireless adapter and supplicant Win XP Funk Meetinghouse For example a WPA WPA2 enabled AP ee Supplicant Authenticator a s Identity Identity Request i Credentials Credentials Gputhentication Key Uncontrolled Port 3 Controlled Port Figure B 4 802 1x Authentication Sequence Credentials For example a RADIUS server Authenticating Server a Request Credentials gt Authentication Key if LAN Resources The AP sends Beacon Frames with WPA WPA2 information element to the stations in the service set Information elements include the required authentication method 802 1x or Pre shared key and the preferred cipher suite WEP TKIP or AES Probe Responses AP to station and Association Requests station to AP also contain WPA information elements 1 Initial 802 1x communications begin w
74. ndustry standard group promoting interoperability among 802 11 devices The 802 11 standard offers two methods for configuring a wireless network ad hoc and infrastructure Infrastructure Mode With a wireless Access Point you can operate the wireless LAN in the infrastructure mode This mode provides wireless connectivity to multiple wireless network devices within a fixed range or area of coverage interacting with wireless nodes via an antenna In the infrastructure mode the wireless access point converts airwave data into wired Ethernet data acting as a bridge between the wired LAN and wireless clients Connecting multiple Access Points via a wired Ethernet backbone can further extend the wireless network coverage As a mobile computing device moves out of the range of one access point it moves into the range of another As a result wireless clients can freely roam from one Access Point domain to another and still maintain seamless network connection Wireless Networking Basics B 1 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Ad Hoc Mode Peer to Peer Workgroup In an ad hoc network computers are brought together as needed thus there is no structure or fixed points to the network each node can generally communicate with any other node There is no Access Point involved in this configuration This mode enables you to quickly set up a small wireless workgroup and allows
75. network name SSID In the SSID box enter a value of up to 32 alphanumeric characters The default SSID is NETGEAR Note The SSID is case sensitive NETGEAR is not the same as nETgear Also the SSID of any wireless access adapters must match the SSID you configure in the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 If they do not match you will not get a wireless connection to the WPN802 4 Set the Region Select the region in which the wireless interface will operate 4 8 Wireless Configuration 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 5 Set the Channel The default channel is 11 This field determines which operating frequency will be used It should not be necessary to change the wireless channel unless you notice interference problems with another nearby wireless router or access point Select a channel that is not being used by any other wireless networks within several hundred feet of your wireless access point For more information on the wireless channel frequencies please refer to Wireless Channels on page B 7 6 For initial configuration and test leave the Wireless Card Access List set to Everyone and the Encryption Strength set to Disabled 7 Click Apply to save your changes Note If you are configuring the WPN802 from a wireless computer and you change the gt WPN802 s SSID channel or security settings you will lose
76. nge Up to 300 Foot Radius if L IW J die 1 Open Easy but no security 2 MAC Access List No data security 3 WEP Security but vulnerable 4 WPA or WPA PSK Very strong security 5 AutoCell RF stealth mode Figure 4 4 WPN802 wireless data security options There are several ways you can enhance the security of your wireless network e Restrict Access Based on MAC address You can restrict access to only trusted computers so that unknown computers cannot wirelessly connect to the WPN802 MAC address filtering adds an obstacle against unwanted access to your network but the data broadcast over the wireless link is fully exposed e Turn Off the Broadcast of the Wireless Network Name SSID If you disable broadcast of the SSID only devices that have the correct SSID can connect This nullifies the wireless network discovery feature of some products such as Windows XP but the data is still fully exposed to a determined snoop using specialized test equipment like wireless sniffers e WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP data encryption provides data security WEP Shared Key authentication and WEP data encryption will block all but the most determined eavesdropper Wireless Configuration 4 5 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 WPA PSK Wi Fi Protected Access Pre Shared Key WPA PSK data encryption provides strong data security WPA
77. ngs and placement WEP connections can take slightly longer to establish Also WEP and WPA PSK encryption can consume more battery power on a notebook computer When used on a metallic surface MIMO units must be oriented vertically to ensure proper operation Wireless Configuration 4 1 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 SS eee Figure 4 1 Vertical orientation required on metallic surfaces Understanding Wireless Settings To configure the Wireless settings of your wireless access point click the Wireless link in the main menu of the browser interface The Wireless Settings menu appears as shown below Wireless Settings Country Region Select Region x Wireless LAN M Turn Radio On Wireless Network Name SSID NETGEAR Broadcast Wireless Network Name SSID Enable SSID Broadcast Operating Mode 802 11b Only gt Channel Frequency 06 2 437GHz gt Data Rate Best gt Output Power Full gt Cancel Figure 4 2 Wireless Settings menu 4 2 Wireless Configuration 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Country Region It may not be legal to operate the access point in a country region other than the country region shown here See online help for more details To change the Country Region select from the drop down list The region selection feature may not be ava
78. o a pipeline in that capacity is determined by size the wider the pipe the more water can flow through it the more bandwidth a network provides the more data can flow through it Standard 802 11b provides a bandwidth of 11 Mbps 802 11a and 802 11g provide a bandwidth of 54 Mbps Bits per second bps A measure of data transmission speed over communication lines based on the number of bits that can be sent or received per second Bits per second bps is often confused with bytes per second Bps While bits is a measure of transmission speed bytes is a measure of storage capability 8 bits make a byte so if a wireless network is operating at a bandwidth of 11 megabits per second 11 Mbps or 11 Mbits sec it is sending data at 1 375 megabytes per second 1 375 Mbps Bluetooth Wireless Technology A technology specification for linking portable computers personal digital assistants PDAs and mobile phones for short range transmission of voice and data across a global radio frequency band without the need Glossary 3 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 for cables or wires Bluetooth is a frequency hopping technology in the 2 4 GHz frequency spectrum with a range of 30 feet and up to 11Mbps raw data throughput Bridge A product that connects a local area network LAN to another local area network that uses the same protocol for example wireless Ethernet or
79. on element and respond with a specific security configuration The WPA WPA2 two phase authentication Open system then 802 1x supplicant EAP or preshared key TKIP e Michael e AES WPA2 To upgrade your wireless network adapters to support WPA WPA2 obtain a WPA WPA2 update from your wireless network adapter vendor and update the wireless network adapter driver For Windows wireless clients you must obtain an updated network adapter driver that supports WPA For wireless network adapter drivers that are compatible with Windows XP Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2003 the updated network adapter driver must be able to pass the adapter s WPA capabilities and security configuration to the Wireless Zero Configuration service Wireless Networking Basics B 17 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Microsoft has worked with many wireless vendors to embed the WPA driver update in the wireless adapter driver So to update your Microsoft Windows wireless client all you have to do is obtain the new WPA WPA2 compatible driver and install the driver Changes to Wireless Client Programs Wireless client programs must be updated to permit the configuration of WPA WPA2 authentication and preshared key and the new WPA WPA2 encryption algorithms TKIP and AES To obtain the Microsoft WPA client program visit the Microsoft Web site Note The Microsoft WPA2 client is st
80. one of the following several options according to your needs Printing a Page in the HTML View Each page in the HTML version of the manual is dedicated to a major topic Use the Print button on the browser toolbar to print the page contents Printing a Chapter Use the PDF of This Chapter link at the top left of any page Click the PDF of This Chapter link at the top right of any page in the chapter you want to print The PDF version of the chapter you were viewing opens in a browser window Note Your computer must have the free Adobe Acrobat reader installed in order to view and print PDF files The Acrobat reader is available on the Adobe Web site at http www adobe com Click the print icon in the upper left of the window Tip If your printer supports printing two pages on a single sheet of paper you can save paper and printer ink by selecting this feature 1 2 About This Manual 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Printing the Full Manual Use the Complete PDF Manual link at the top left of any page Click the Complete PDF Manual link at the top left of any page in the manual The PDF version of the complete manual opens in a browser window Click the print icon in the upper left of the window Tip If your printer supports printing two pages on a single sheet of paper you can save paper and printer ink by selecting this feature
81. ralized access control and management With this implementation in place the need for add on solutions such as VPNs may be eliminated at least for the express purpose of securing the wireless link in a network Wi Fi Protected Access for Home SOHO In a home or Small Office Home Office SOHO environment where there are no central authentication servers or EAP framework Wi Fi Protected Access runs in a special home mode This mode also called Pre Shared Key PSK allows the use of manually entered keys or passwords and is designed to be easy to set up for the home user All the home user needs to do is enter a password also called a master key in their access point or home wireless gateway and each PC that is on the Wi Fi wireless network Wi Fi Protected Access takes over automatically from that point First the password allows only devices with a matching password to join the network which keeps out eavesdroppers and other unauthorized users Second the password automatically kicks off the TKIP encryption process described above Wi Fi Protected Access for Public Access The intrinsic encryption and authentication schemes defined in Wi Fi Protected Access may also prove useful for Wireless Internet Service Providers WISPs offering Wi Fi public access in hot spots where 14 Glossary 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 secure transmission and authentication is part
82. reless networking at up to 108 Mbps e 802 11g wireless networking with the ability to operate in 802 11g only 802 11b only or 802 11g and b modes providing backwards compatibility with 802 11b devices or dedicating the wireless network to the higher bandwidth 802 11g devices e 64 bit and 128 bit WEP encryption security e WEP keys can be generated manually or by passphrase e WPA PSK support Support for Wi Fi Protected Access WPA data encryption which provides strong data encryption and authentication based on a pre shared key e Wireless access can be restricted by MAC address e Wireless network name broadcast can be turned off so that only devices that have the network name SSID can connect Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink The WPN802 can connect to a standard Ethernet network The LAN interface is autosensing and capable of full duplex or half duplex operation The wireless access point incorporates Auto Uplink technology The Ethernet port automatically senses whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection such as to a computer or an uplink connection such as to a switch or hub That port will then configure itself to the correct configuration This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables as Auto Uplink will accommodate either type of cable to make the right connection 2 2 Introduction 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Man
83. row to use channel 6 and 11 when necessary as these three channels do not overlap WPA and WPA2 Wireless Security Wi Fi Protected Access WPA and WPA2 is a specification of standards based interoperable security enhancements that increase the level of data protection and access control for existing and future wireless LAN systems The IEEE introduced the WEP as an optional security measure to secure 802 11b Wi Fi WLANs but inherent weaknesses in the standard soon became obvious In response to this situation the Wi Fi Alliance announced a new security architecture in October 2002 that remedies the shortcomings of WEP This standard formerly known as Safe Secure Network SSN is designed to work with existing 802 11 products and offers forward compatibility with 802 11i the new wireless security architecture that has been defined by the IEEE B 8 Wireless Networking Basics 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 WPA and WPA2 offer the following benefits e Enhanced data privacy e Robust key management e Data origin authentication e Data integrity protection The Wi Fi Alliance is now performing interoperability certification testing on Wi Fi Protected Access products Starting August of 2003 all new Wi Fi certified products have to support WPA NETGEAR is implementing WPA and WPA2 on client and access point products The 802 111 standard was ratified in 2004
84. s Setup page displays a list of wireless computers that are allowed to connect to the wireless access point based on their MAC addresses These wireless computers must also have the correct SSID and WEP settings configured on the Wireless Settings page to access the wireless network From the Wireless Settings menu click the Setup Access List button to display the Wireless Access List screen Access Control List I Turn Access Control On Trusted Wireless Stations Local MAC Address Database Device Name Mac Address Add Edit Delete Apply Cancel Figure 4 8 Wireless Access Control List screen By default any wireless computer that is configured with the correct SSID will be allowed access to your wireless network For increased security you can restrict access to the wireless network to only allow specific computers based on their MAC addresses 4 12 Wireless Configuration 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Turning Access Control On 1 2 Click the Turn Access Control On check box to restrict wireless computers by their MAC addresses Click Apply to save changes and return to the Wireless Settings page Note If Turn Access Control On is enabled and the Access Control List is blank then no wireless computers can connect to your wireless network Setting up the Access Control List 1 Ys NR a On the Access Control Li
85. sed to determine if it should use the CSMA CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection mechanism or the CSMA CA mechanism for packet transmission With the CSMA CD transmission mechanism the transmitting station sends out the actual packet as soon as it has waited for the silence period With the CSMA CA transmission mechanism the transmitting station sends out an RTS packet to the receiving station and waits for the receiving station to send back a CTS Clear to Send packet before sending the actual packet data Default 2346 Wireless Configuration 4 11 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 e Fragmentation Length This is the maximum packet size used for fragmentation Packets larger than the size programmed in this field will be fragmented The Fragment Threshold value must be larger than the RTS Threshold value Default 2346 e Beacon Interval The interval time between 20ms and 1000ms for each beacon transmission Default 100 e DTIM Interval The Delivery Traffic Indication Message Specifies the data beacon rate between 1 and 255 Default 1 e Preamble Type A long transmit preamble may provide a more reliable connection or slightly longer range A short transmit preamble gives better performance Auto will automatically handle both long and short preamble Default Auto Wireless Card Access Restricting by MAC Address The Wireless Card Acces
86. ser name and password for the password both in lower case letters The Settings page opens NETGEAR Wireless Access Point 00 settings General General Basic Settings s d Access Point Information Wireless Settings Access Point Name netgearA83122 MAC Address 00 0F B5 48 31 23 Country Region Firmware Version 1 0 1_1 0 1 Access Control Access Point Mode ON WEPANPA Settings Current IP Settings Change Password IP Address 192 168 0 231 Upgrade Firmware Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 BackupRestore Default Gateway 0 0 0 0 Settings DHCP Client Reboot AP Current Wireless Settings Operating Mode Auto 108Mbps Available Wireless Wireless Network Name SSID NETGEAR Station List Channel Frequency 6 Statistics WEP WPA Disable Wireless Settings Knowledge Base Documentation Loaout Figure 3 2 WPN802 Settings page 3 4 Basic Installation and Configuration 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 3 Click the Basic Settings link to configure the IP Settings for your network The Basic Settings menu appears Basic Settings Access Point Name netgearAB31 22 IP Address DHCP Client C Enable Disable IP Address fice fse fo par IP Subnet Mask lss fess fess fo Default Gateway fo o fo fo Primary DNS Server rt fr I Secondary DNS Sever k k R Time Zone GMT 08 00 Pacific Time US Canada x I Automatically Adjust for
87. ses all of known WEP vulnerabilities Wireless Networking Basics B 9 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 How Does WPA Compare to WPA2 IEEE 802 11 WPA is forward compatible with the WPA2 security specification WPA is a subset of WPA2 and used certain pieces of the early 802 111 draft such as 802 1x and TKIP The main pieces of WPA2 that are not included in WPA are secure IBSS Ad Hoc mode secure fast handoff for specialized 802 11 VoIP phones as well as enhanced encryption protocols such as AES CCMP These features were either not yet ready for market or required hardware upgrades to implement What are the Key Features of WPA and WPA2 Security The following security features are included in the WPA and WPA2 standard e WPA and WPA2 Authentication e WPA and WPA2 Encryption Key Management Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP Michael message integrity code MIC AES support WPA2 requires hardware support e Support for a mixture of WPA WPA2 and WEP wireless clients to allow a migration strategy but mixing WEP and WPA WPA2 is discouraged These features are discussed below WPA WPA2 addresses most of the known WEP vulnerabilities and is primarily intended for wireless infrastructure networks as found in the enterprise This infrastructure includes stations access points and authentication servers typically RADIUS servers The RADIUS serv
88. sk 2 Retrieve backed up settings from a file Restoring Settings from a Backup File You can restore the wireless access point s settings from a backup file 1 On the Backup Restore Settings dialog box click Browse 2 Locate and select the previously saved backup file by default netgear cfg 3 Click Retrieve A window appears letting you know that the Access Point has been successfully restored to previous settings The Access Point will restart This will take about one minute IMPORTANT Do not try to go online turn off the Access Point shut down the Ce computer or do anything else to the Access Point until it finishes restarting When the Test light turns off wait a few more seconds before doing anything with the Access Point 4 Close the message window Restoring Factory Default Settings You can use the Restore feature to erase the current settings and reset the Access Point to the original factory default settings These settings are listed in Default Factory Settings on page 3 1 On the Backup Restore Settings dialog box click Restore IMPORTANT Do not try to go online turn off the Access Point shut down the oa computer or do anything else to the Access Point until it finishes restarting When the Test light turns off wait a few more seconds before doing anything with the Access Point 5 4 Management and Information 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NET
89. st screen click the Add button to go to the Access Setup menu This menu displays a list of currently active wireless cards and their Ethernet MAC addresses If the desired computer is in the list click the radio button of that computer to capture its MAC address Or you can manually enter the MAC address of the authorized computer Note The MAC address can usually be found on the bottom of the wireless device If no Device Name appears you can type a descriptive name for the computer that you are adding Click the Add button Repeat these steps for each wireless computer You can use the Edit and Delete buttons as needed Make sure to click the Apply button to save changes and return to the Wireless Settings page Wireless Configuration 4 13 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Wireless Configuration 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Chapter 5 Management and Information This chapter describes how to use the management and information features of your NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 These features can be found under the Management heading and Information heading in the main menu of the browser interface Changing the Password Note Before changing the WPN802 password use the backup utility to save your C J configuration settings If after changing the password you forget the new password you assigned you will have to reset the WPN802
90. standard protocol Current published ratification date is December 2005 As of February 2004 no draft specification has been written It is expected to use both the 2 4 and 5GHz frequencies AES Advanced Encryption Standard A symmetric 128 bit block data encryption technique developed by Belgian cryptographers Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen The U S government adopted the algorithm as its encryption technique in October 2000 replacing the DES encryption it used AES works at multiple network layers simultaneously The National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST of the U S Department of Commerce selected the algorithm called Rijndael pronounced Rhine Dahl or Rain Doll out of a group of five algorithms under consideration including one called MARS from a large research team at IBM AES is expected to replace WEP as a WLAN encryption method in 2003 2 Glossary 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Access Point AP A wireless LAN transceiver or base station that can connect a wired LAN to one or many wireless devices Access points can also bridge to each other There are various types of access points also referred to as base stations used in both wireless and wired networks These include bridges hubs switches routers and gateways The differences between them are not always precise because certain capabilities associated with one can also be added to
91. tance away from your access point that your wireless network can reach Most Wi Fi systems will provide a range of a hundred feet or more Depending on the environment and the type of antenna used Wi Fi signals can have a range of up to mile Residential gateway A wireless device that connects multiple PCs peripherals and the Internet on a home network Most Wi Fi residential gateways provide DHCP and NAT as well RJ 45 Standard connectors used in Ethernet networks Even though they look very similar to standard RJ 11 telephone connectors RJ 45 connectors can have up to eight wires whereas telephone connectors have only four Roaming Moving seamlessly from one AP coverage area to another with your laptop or desktop with no loss in connectivity Rogue Access Point Rogue AP is a term used to describe an unauthorized access point that is connected on the main home or corporate network or operating in a stand alone mode in a parking lot or in a neighbor s building Rogue APs by definition are not under the management of network administrators and do not conform to network security policies and may present a severe security risk Ideally it is best to have some type of WLAN system that does not allow rogue access points to easily be added to an existing WLAN Router A device that forwards data packets from one local area network LAN or wide area network WAN to another Based on routing tables and routing protocols routers can r
92. ted by the receiver With WPA a method known as Michael specifies a new algorithm that calculates an 8 byte message integrity check MIC using the calculation facilities available on existing wireless devices The MIC is placed between the data portion of the IEEE 802 11 frame and the 4 byte ICV The MIC field is encrypted together with the frame data and the ICV Michael also provides replay protection A new frame counter in the IEEE 802 11 frame is used to prevent replay attacks AES Support for WPA2 One of the encryption methods supported by WPA2 is the advanced encryption standard AES although AES support will not be required initially for Wi Fi certification This is viewed as the optimal choice for security conscience organizations but the problem with AES is that it requires a fundamental redesign of the NIC s hardware in both the station and the access point TKIP is a pragmatic compromise that allows organizations to deploy better security while AES capable equipment is being designed manufactured and incrementally deployed Wireless Networking Basics B 15 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Is WPA WPA2 Perfect WPA WPA2Z is not without its vulnerabilities Specifically it is susceptible to denial of service DoS attacks If the access point receives two data packets that fail the message integrity code MIC within 60 seconds of each other then the ne
93. ther words WEP key 1 on the AP must match WEP key 1 on the client adapter WEP key 2 on the AP must match WEP key 2 on the client adapter and so on Note The AP and the client adapters can have different default WEP Keys as long as the keys are in the same order In other words the AP can use WEP key 2 as its default key to transmit while a client adapter can use WEP key 3 as its default key to transmit The two devices will communicate as long as the AP s WEP key 2 is the same as the client s WEP key 2 and the AP s WEP key 3 is the same as the client s WEP key 3 Wireless Channels The wireless frequencies used by 802 11b g networks are discussed below IEEE 802 11b g wireless nodes communicate with each other using radio frequency signals in the ISM Industrial Scientific and Medical band between 2 4 GHz and 2 5 GHz Neighboring channels are 5 MHz apart However due to spread spectrum effect of the signals a node sending signals using a particular channel will utilize frequency spectrum 12 5 MHz above and below the center channel frequency As a result two separate wireless networks using neighboring channels for example channel 1 and channel 2 in the same general vicinity will interfere with each other Applying two channels that allow the maximum channel separation will decrease the amount of channel cross talk and provide a noticeable performance increase over networks with minimal channel separation The radio frequenc
94. to your Internet connection The browser display the WPN802 settings home page NETGEAR Wireless Access Point WPN802 General General Basic Settings E Access Point Information Access Point Name netgearA83122 MAC Address 00 0F B5 A8 31 23 Country Region Firmware Version 1 0 1_1 0 1 Access Control Access Point Mode ON Wireless Settings WEP WPA Settings Current IP Settings Change Password IP Address 192 168 0 231 Upgrade Firmware Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Backup Restore Default Gateway 0 0 0 0 Settings DHCP Client Reboot AP Current Wireless Settings Operating Mode Auto 108Mbps Available Wireless Wireless Network Name SSID NETGEAR Station List Channel Frequency 6 Statistics WEP WPA Disable Wireless Settings Figure 3 8 WPN802 home page When the wireless access point is connected to the Internet click the Knowledge Base or the Documentation link under the Web Support menu to view support information or the documentation for the wireless access point If you do not click Logout the wireless access point waits five minutes after there is no activity before it automatically logs you out Basic Installation and Configuration 3 9 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 3 10 Basic Installation and Configuration 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Chapter 4 Wireless Configuration This chapter describes how to configure the wireless fe
95. token ring Wireless bridges are commonly used to link buildings in campuses Client or Client devices Any computer connected to a network that requests services files print capability from another member of the network Clients are end users Wi Fi client devices include PC Cards that slide into laptop computers mini PCI modules embedded in laptop computers and mobile computing devices as well as USB and PCI ISA bus Wi Fi radios Client devices usually communicate with hub devices like access points and gateways Collision avoidance A network node characteristic for proactively detecting that it can transmit a signal without risking a collision thereby ensuring a more reliable connection Crossover cable A special cable used for networking two computers without the use of a hub Crossover cables may also be required for connecting a cable or DSL modem to a wireless gateway or access point Instead of the signals transferring in parallel paths from one set of plugs to another the signals crossover If an eight wire cable was being used for instance the signal would start on pin one at one end of the cable and end up on pin eight at the other end They cross over from one side to the other CSMA CA Carrier Sense Multiple Action Collision Avoidance CSMA CA is the principle medium access method employed by IEEE 802 11 WLANs It is a listen before talk method of minimizing but not eliminating collisions caused by simultaneo
96. troduction 202 10101 01 May 2005 Chapter 3 Basic Installation and Configuration This chapter explains how to install and configure and the WPN802 Access Point on your network The first time you configure the WPN802 Access Point it must be connected with an Ethernet cable to a computer with a broadband Internet connection Default Factory Settings The WPN802 default factory settings are shown below After you install the WPN802 Access Point customize any of the settings to better meet your networking needs FEATURE DEFAULT FACTORY SETTINGS User Name case sensitive admin Password case sensitive password Operating Mode Access Point Access Point Name netgearxxxxxx where xxxxxx are the last six digits of the wireless access point s MAC address Built in DHCP client DHCP client disabled SIP Configuration IP Address 192 168 0 231 if DHCP server is unavailable Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Gateway 0 0 0 0 Network Name SSID NETGEAR Broadcast Network Name SSID Enabled 802 11b g RF Channel 6 Mode Auto 108 AutoCell Enhanced RF Security stealth mode Disabled WEP WPA Disabled Restricting connectivity based on MAC Access Disabled Control List Basic Installation and Configuration 3 1 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 System Requirements Before installing th
97. twork is under an active attack and as a result the access point employs counter measures which include disassociating each station using the access point This prevents an attacker from gleaning information about the encryption key and alerts administrators but it also causes users to lose network connectivity for 60 seconds More than anything else this may just prove that no single security tactic is completely invulnerable WPA WPA2 is a definite step forward in WLAN security over WEP and has to be thought of as a single part of an end to end network security strategy Product Support for WPA WPA2 Starting in August 2003 NETGEAR Inc wireless Wi Fi certified products will support the WPA standard NETGEAR Inc wireless products that had their Wi Fi certification approved before August 2003 will have one year to add WPA so as to maintain their Wi Fi certification WPA WPA2 requires software changes to the following e Wireless access points e Wireless network adapters e Wireless client programs Supporting a Mixture of WPA WPA2 and WEP Wireless Clients is Discouraged To support the gradual transition of WEP based wireless networks to WPA WPA2 a wireless AP can support both WEP and WPA WPA2 clients at the same time During the association the wireless AP determines which clients use WEP and which clients use WPA WPA2 The disadvantage to supporting a mixture of WEP and WPA WPA2 clients is that the global encryption key is not
98. ual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Compatible and Related NETGEAR Products NETGEAR products related to the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 are as follows e RangeMax Wireless USB 2 0 Adapter WPN111 e RangeMax Wireless PCI Adapter WPN311 e RangeMax Wireless PC Card WPN511 Package Contents The product package should contain the following items e NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 e AC power adapter e Vertical stand e Straight through Category 5 CATS Ethernet cable e Resource CD for the NETGEAR WPN802 RangeMax Wireless Access Point 240 10213 01 including This manual Application Notes and other helpful information e WPN802 Quick Installation Guide e Warranty and Support Information Card If any of the parts are incorrect missing or damaged contact your NETGEAR dealer Keep the carton including the original packing materials in case you need to return the WPN802 for repair Introduction 2 3 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 The Front Panel Status Lights You can use the status lights on the front panel of the WPN802 to verify connections The table below describes the lights on the front panel Table 2 1 Status Light Descriptions Label Activity Description yy Power On Green Solid Power is supplied and the WPN802 has passed its di
99. us transmission by multiple radios IEEE 802 11 states collision avoidance method rather than collision detection must be used because the standard employs half duplex radios radios capable of transmission or reception but not both simultaneously Unlike conventional wired Ethernet nodes a WLAN station cannot detect a collision while transmitting If a collision occurs the transmitting station will not receive an ACKnowledge packet from the intended receive station For this reason ACK packets have a higher priority than all other network traffic After completion of a data transmission the receive station will begin transmission of the ACK packet before any other node can begin transmitting a new data packet All other stations must wait a longer pseudo randomized period of time before transmitting If an ACK packet is not received the transmitting station will wait for a subsequent opportunity to retry transmission 4 Glossary 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 CSMA CD Carrier Sense Multiple Action Collision Detection A method of managing traffic and reducing noise on an Ethernet network A network device transmits data after detecting that a channel is available However if two devices transmit data simultaneously the sending devices detect a collision and retransmit after a random time delay DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol A utility that enables
100. wireless settings for each computer that will use the wireless access point Implement wireless security according to the instructions in Understanding Wireless Settings on page 4 2 How to Log In to the WPN802 Using Its Default IP Address The WPN802 has DHCP client disabled and the default IP address is 192 168 0 231 Note The computer that you use to connect to the WPN802 should be configured with an IP address that starts with 102 168 0 x and a Subnet Mask of 255 255 255 0 1 Connect to the WPN802 by typing Attp 192 168 0 231 in the address field of your browser and clicking Enter For security reasons the access point has its own user name and password A login window like the one below opens Enter Network Password D Please type your user name and password Site 192 168 0 231 Realm WPN802 UserName fadmin Password I Save this password in your password list Cancel Figure 3 7 Login window 2 Enter admin for the user name and password for the password both in lower case letters To change the password see This page displays both wired and wireless interface network traffic Click Refresh to update the current statistics on page 5 6 3 8 Basic Installation and Configuration 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Note The user name and password for the access point are not the same as any user name or password you may use to log in
101. workgroup members to exchange data or share printers as supported by Microsoft networking in the various Windows operating systems Some vendors also refer to ad hoc networking as peer to peer group networking In this configuration network packets are directly sent and received by the intended transmitting and receiving stations As long as the stations are within range of one another this is the easiest and least expensive way to set up a wireless network Network Name Extended Service Set Identification ESSID The Extended Service Set Identification ESSID is one of two types of Service Set Identification SSID In an ad hoc wireless network with no access points the Basic Service Set Identification BSSID is used In an infrastructure wireless network that includes an access point the ESSID is used but may still be referred to as SSID An SSID is a thirty two character maximum alphanumeric key identifying the name of the wireless local area network Some vendors refer to the SSID as network name For the wireless devices in a network to communicate with each other all devices must be configured with the same SSID The ESSID is usually broadcast in the air from an access point The wireless station sometimes can be configured with the ESSID ANY This means the wireless station will try to associate with whichever access point has the stronger radio frequency RF signal providing that both the access point and wireless station use
102. y channels used in 802 11b g networks are listed in Table B 2 Table B 2 802 11b g Radio Frequency Channels Channel Center Frequency Frequency Spread 1 2412 MHz 2399 5 MHz 2424 5 MHz 2417 MHz 2404 5 MHz 2429 5 MHz 2422 MHz 2409 5 MHz 2434 5 MHz Wireless Networking Basics B 7 202 10101 01 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Table B 2 802 11b g Radio Frequency Channels Channel Center Frequency Frequency Spread 4 2427 MHz 2414 5 MHz 2439 5 MHz 5 2432 MHz 2419 5 MHz 2444 5 MHz 6 2437 MHz 2424 5 MHz 2449 5 MHz 7 2442 MHz 2429 5 MHz 2454 5 MHz 8 2447 MHz 2434 5 MHz 2459 5 MHz 9 2452 MHz 2439 5 MHz 2464 5 MHz 10 2457 MHz 2444 5 MHz 2469 5 MHz 11 2462 MHz 2449 5 MHz 2474 5 MHz 12 2467 MHz 2454 5 MHz 2479 5 MHz 13 2472 MHz 2459 5 MHz 2484 5 MHz Note The available channels supported by the wireless products in various countries are different For example Channels 1 to 11 are supported in the U S and Canada and Channels 1 to 13 are supported in Europe and Australia The preferred channel separation between the channels in neighboring wireless networks is 25 MHz 5 channels This means that you can apply up to three different channels within your wireless network There are only 11 usable wireless channels in the United States It is recommended that you start using channel 1 and g
103. your wireless connection when you click on Apply You must then change the wireless settings of your computer to match the WPN802 s new settings 8 Configure and test your computers for wireless connectivity Program the wireless adapter of your computers to have the same SSID and channel that you configured in the WPN802 Check that they have a wireless link and are able to obtain an IP address by DHCP from the WPN802 Warning The Network Name SSID is case sensitive If NETGEAR is the Network Name SSID in your wireless access point you must enter NETGEAR in your computer s wireless settings Typing nETgear will not work Once your computers have basic wireless connectivity you can configure the advanced wireless security functions How to Configure WEP or WPA Not all wireless adapters support WPA Furthermore client software is also required Windows XP and Windows 2000 with service pack 3 do include WPA support Nevertheless the wireless adapter hardware and driver must also support WPA For instructions on configuring wireless computers or PDAs for WPA PSK security consult the documentation for the product you are using To configure WEP or WPA data encryption follow these steps Wireless Configuration 4 9 202 10101 01 4 May 2005 Reference Manual for the NETGEAR RangeMax Wireless Access Point WPN802 Note If you use a wireless computer configure WEP settings you will be disconnected _

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