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Netgear WGU624 User's Manual

1. Table 6 1 802 11 Radio Frequency Channels Channel Center Frequency Frequency Spread 1 2412 MHz 2399 5 MHz 2424 5 MHz 2 2417 MHz 2404 5 MHz 2429 5 MHz 3 2422 MHz 2409 5 MHz 2434 5 MHz 4 2427 MHz 2414 5 MHz 2439 5 MHz 5 2432 MHz 2419 5 MHz 2444 5 MHz 6 2437 MHz 2424 5 MHz 2449 5 MHz 7 2442 MHz 2429 5 MHz 2454 5 MHz 8 2447 MHz 2434 5 MHz 2459 5 MHz 9 2452 MHz 2439 5 MHz 2464 5 MHz 10 2457 MHz 2444 5 MHz 2469 5 MHz 11 2462 MHz 2449 5 MHz 2474 5 MHz 12 2467 MHz 2454 5 MHz 2479 5 MHz 13 2472 MHz 2459 5 MHz 2484 5 MHz Note The available channels supported by the wireless products in various countries are different The preferred channel separation between the channels in neighboring wireless networks is 25 MHz 5 channels This means that you can apply up to three different channels within your wireless network There are only 11 usable wireless channels in the United States It is recommended that you start using channel 1 and grow to use channel 6 and 11 when necessary as these three channels do not overlap WPA Wireless Security Wi Fi Protected Access WPA is a specification of standards based interoperable security enhancements that increase the level of data protection and access control for existing and future wireless LAN systems D 8 Wireless Networking Basics M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU62
2. M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Extensive Protocol Support The WGU624 wireless router supports the Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol TCP IP and Routing Information Protocol RIP For further information about TCP IP refer to Appendix B Network Routing Firewall and Basics IP Address Sharing by NAT The WGU6724 wireless router allows several networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single IP address which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your Internet service provider ISP This technique known as NAT allows the use of an inexpensive single user ISP account Automatic Configuration of Attached PCs by DHCP The WGU624 wireless router dynamically assigns network configuration information including IP gateway and domain name server DNS addresses to attached PCs on the LAN using the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP This feature greatly simplifies configuration of PCs on your local network DNS Proxy When DHCP is enabled and no DNS addresses are specified the router provides its own address as a DNS server to the attached PCs The router obtains actual DNS addresses from the ISP during connection setup and forwards DNS requests from the LAN PPP over Ethernet PPPoE PPPoE is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over a DSL connection by simulating a dial up connection This feature eliminates
3. Revert To Factory Default Settings Figure 6 6 Backup Settings menu Three options are available and are described in the following sections Restoring and Backing Up the Configuration The Restore and Backup options in the Settings Backup menu allow you to save and retrieve a file containing your router s configuration settings To save your settings select the Backup tab Click the Backup button Your browser extracts the configuration file from the router and prompts you for a location on your PC to store the file You can give the file a meaningful name at this time such as pacbell cfg To restore your settings from a saved configuration file enter the full path to the file on your PC or click the Browse button to browse to the file When you have located it click the Restore button to send the file to the router The router then reboots automatically Maintenance 6 7 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Erasing the Configuration It is sometimes desirable to restore the router to the factory default settings This can be done by using the Erase function which will restore all factory settings After an erase the router s password will be password the LAN IP address will be 192 168 1 1 and the router s DHCP client will be enabled To erase the configuration click the Erase button To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the login
4. e Easy Web based setup for installation and management e Content Filtering and Site Blocking Security Introduction 2 1 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Built in 4 port 10 100 Mbps Switch LAN port 4 is a built in hardware DMZ port Ethernet connection to a wide area network WAN device such as a cable modem or DSL modem Extensive protocol support Login capability Front panel LEDs for easy monitoring of status and activity Flash memory for firmware upgrades 802 11 a g Wireless Networking The WGU624 wireless router includes 802 11 a and 802 11g wireless access points providing continuous high speed access between your wireless and Ethernet devices The router provides 802 11g and 802 11a wireless networking at up to 108 Mbps 802 11g wireless networking with the ability to operate in 802 11g only 802 11 turbo g only or 802 11b g modes providing backwards compatibility with 802 11b devices or dedicating the wireless network to the higher bandwidth 802 11g devices 802 11a wireless networking with the ability to operate in 802 11la only 108 Mbps only or Auto 108 Mbps modes When Super G Modes is enabled the wireless router will enable channel bonding data compression packet bursting and large frame support Channel bonding takes two of the three usable channels in 2 4GHz 802 11b g and uses them to double the speed 64 128 and 152 bit WEP enc
5. g amp b both 802 11g and 802 11b wireless stations can be used g only only 802 11g wireless stations can be used b only all 802 11b wireless stations can be used 802 11g wireless stations can still be used if they can operate in 802 11b mode 108 Mbps only only compatible 802 11g wireless stations that support 108 Mbps can connect Auto 108 Mbps all 802 11g 802 11b and NETGEAR 108 Mbps wireless stations can be used Note If you select 108 Mbps mode the router will only use channel 6 The default is g and b which allows both g and b wireless stations to access this device Security Mode Open System allows any device to join the network assuming that the device SSID matches the router SSID Alternatively the device can use the ANY SSID option to associate with any available router within range regardless of its SSID Shared Key only those computers that possess the correct authentication key can join the network 802 1x defines port based network access control used to provide authenticated network access and automated data encryption key management 802 1x uses a protocol called EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol WPA PSK Wi Fi Protected Access Pre Shared Key use WPA standard encryption WPA Wi Fi Protected Access use WPA PSK standard encryption Cipher Type Disable no data encryption WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy use WEP
6. Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 eh MET ooee NETGEAR NETGEAR Inc 4500 Great America Parkway Santa Clara CA 95054 USA M 10153 01 Version 1 1 September 2004 M 10153 01 2004 by NETGEAR Inc All rights reserved Trademarks NETGEAR is a trademark of Netgear Inc Microsoft Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Other brand and product names are registered trademarks or trademarks of their respective holders Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design operational function and or reliability NETGEAR reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice NETGEAR does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product s or circuit layout s described herein Federal Communications Commission FCC Compliance Notice Radio Frequency Notice This equipment has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class B digital device pursuant to part 15 of the FCC Rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instructions may cause harmful interference to radio communications However there is no guarantee that interference will not occu
7. To specify a Trusted User enter that PC s IP address in the Trusted User box and click Apply You may specify one Trusted User which is a PC that will be exempt from blocking and logging Since the Trusted User will be identified by an IP address you should configure that PC with a fixed IP address 5 2 Content Filtering M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Blocking Access to Internet Services The WGU6724 wireless router allows you to block the use of certain Internet services by PCs on your network This is called services blocking or port filtering The Block Services menu is shown below Block Services off Per Schedule Always Servicetype Port_ BR __ leli HTTP 80 80 EveyiP Apply Ada Edit Delete Figure 5 2 Block Services menu Services are functions performed by server computers at the request of client computers For example Web servers serve Web pages time servers serve time and date information and game hosts serve data about other players moves When a computer on your network sends a request for service to a server computer on the Internet the requested service is identified by a service or port number This number appears as the destination port number in the transmitted IP packets For example a packet that is sent with destination port number 80 is an HTTP Web server request To enable service blocking select either Pe
8. 1 Orange White Transmit Tx 2 Orange Transmit Tx 3 Green White Receive Rx 4 Blue 5 Blue White 6 Green Receive Rx 7 Brown White 8 Brown Category 5 Cable Quality Category 5 distributed cable that meets ANSI EIA TIA 568 A building wiring standards can be a maximum of 328 feet ft or 100 meters m in length divided as follows 20 ft 6 m between the hub and the patch panel if used 295 ft 90 m from the wiring closet to the wall outlet 10 ft 3 m from the wall outlet to the desktop device The patch panel and other connecting hardware must meet the requirements for 100 Mbps operation Category 5 Only 0 5 inch 1 5 cm of untwist in the wire pair is allowed at any termination point A twisted pair Ethernet network operating at 10 Mbits second 1OBASE T will often tolerate low quality cables but at 100 Mbits second LOBASE Tx the cable must be rated as Category 5 or Cat 5 by the Electronic Industry Association EIA This rating will be printed on the cable jacket A Category 5 cable will meet specified requirements regarding loss and crosstalk In addition there are restrictions on maximum cable length for both 10 and 100 Mbits second networks B 12 Network Routing Firewall and Basics M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Inside Twisted Pair Cables For two devices to communicate the transmitter of each device must be connected to
9. Content Filtering 5 5 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Adjust for Daylight Savings Time If your region uses Daylight Savings Time you must manually select Adjust for Daylight Savings Time on the first day of Daylight Savings Time and clear this check box at the end Enabling Daylight Savings Time will cause one hour to be added to the standard time Enable System Clock Uses the system clock in the router Synchronize Time Syncs up the router time with a NETGEAR time server so that the Logs e mail timestamps and other information will have the current time Days to Block Select days to block by checking the appropriate boxes Select Everyday to check the boxes for all days Click Apply Time of Day to Block Select a start and end time in 23 59 format Select All day for 24 hour blocking Click Apply Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web Access The log is a detailed record of which Web sites you have accessed or attempted to access Up to 128 entries are stored in the log Log entries only appear when keyword blocking is enabled and no log entries are made for the Trusted User An example is shown below O LAN Manage Log In Source 192 168 1 2 1 ALLOW www google com Source 192 168 1 2 2 ALLOW us update companion yahoo com Sour ww playboy com Source 192 168 1 2 hoo com Source 192 Figure 5 5 Logs menu 5 6 Content Filtering M
10. DNS Server 192 168 0 1 Lease Obtained None Lease Expires None Release Renew Close Window Internet Figure 6 2 Connection Status screen This screen shows the following statistics Table 6 1 Connection Status Fields Field Description IP Address The WAN Internet IP Address assigned to the router Subnet Mask The WAN Internet Subnet Mask assigned to the router Default Gateway The WAN Internet default gateway the router communicates with DHCP Server The DHCP server on the network DNS Server The DNS server on the network Lease Obtained The length of time the router has been connected to your Internet service provider s network Lease Expires The time the lease expires Maintenance 6 3 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Click the Renew button to renew the DHCP lease From the Router Status screen click the Show Statistics button to display router usage statistics as shown below NETGEAR Router Statistics Microsoft Internet Explorer DER Port Status TxPkts RxPkts Collisions Tx B s Rx B s Up Time WAN 100M 0 0 0 0 00 21 21 LAN 100M 0 0 0 0 00 21 21 aWLAN 54M 450 0 0 40398 00 21 21 gWLAN 11M54M 10931 0 a 1617983 00 21 21 0 0 0 0 Poll Interval sec 5 Setinterval Stop Close Window Internet Figure 6 3 Router Statistics screen This screen shows the foll
11. Enter the IP address of the local server in the corresponding Server IP Address box 3 Click the Add button Adding a Port Forwarding Custom Service To define a service game or application that does not appear in the Service Name list you must determine which port numbers are used by the service For this information you may need to contact the manufacturer of the program that you want to use When you have the port number information follow these steps Advanced Configuration 7 3 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 1 Click the Add Custom Service button 2 Enter the first port number in an unused Starting Port box 3 To forward only one port enter it again in the Ending Port box To specify a range of ports enter the last port to be forwarded in the End Port box 4 Enter the IP address of the local server in the corresponding Server IP Address box 5 Type a name for the service 6 Click Apply at the bottom of the menu Adding Additional Computers To set up an additional computer to play for example Hexen II or KALI 1 Click the Add Custom Service button 2 Type the service name in the Service Name box 3 Type the beginning port number in the Starting Port box For these games use the supplied number in the default listing and add 1 for each additional computer For example if you have already configured one computer to play Hexen II using port 26900 the
12. RIP is not required for most home applications IP Addresses and the Internet Because TCP IP networks are interconnected across the world every machine on the Internet must have a unique address to make sure that transmitted data reaches the correct destination Blocks of addresses are assigned to organizations by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority IANA Individual users and small organizations may obtain their addresses either from the ANA or from an Internet service provider ISP You can contact IANA at hitp ww iana org The Internet Protocol IP uses a 32 bit address structure The address is usually written in dot notation also called dotted decimal notation in which each group of eight bits is written in decimal form separated by decimal points For example the following binary address 11000011 00100010 00001100 00000111 is normally written as 195 34 12 7 The latter version is easier to remember and easier to enter into your computer In addition the 32 bits of the address are subdivided into two parts The first part of the address identifies the network and the second part identifies the host node or station on the network The dividing point may vary depending on the address range and the application B 2 Network Routing Firewall and Basics M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 There are five standard classes of IP addresses These address cl
13. check or uncheck the box marked Adjust for Daylight Savings Time Why Does the WGU624 Not Reach Full 108 Mbps Speeds Super G complies with IEEE 802 11 a b g standards Because this technology is on the cutting edge only some combinations of hardware and firmware support full speeds Super G only works in wireless channel 6 Super G routers are set to take 54 Mbps or 108 Mbps adapters called Auto 108 mode or just 108 Mbps adapters called 108 Only mode If 108 Only mode is set 54 Mbps adapters will not connect To get maximum speeds 1 Upgrade to the latest firmware The Super G technology is actively being improved so it s important to keep up to date 2 Use NETGEAR products Compatibility with non NETGEAR products is not guaranteed 3 Only use Super G routers and adapters in your network Non Super G devices may slow part or all of your network to lower speed If the Smart Configuration Utility status line reads 54 Mbps your devices are probably operating as a standard 802 11g network 4 Super G is also affected by factors that limit wireless networks in general For information about optimizing a wireless network see Chapter 4 Wireless Configuration 8 8 Troubleshooting M 10153 01 Appendix A Technical Specifications This appendix provides technical specifications for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Network Protocol and Standards Compatibility Data and Routing Pro
14. 1500 Then click Apply to save the new configuration Connect Automatically as Required Normally this option should be Enabled so that an Internet connection will be made automatically whenever Internet bound traffic is detected In locations where Internet access is billed by the minute if this causes high connection costs you can disable this setting If disabled you must connect manually using the sub screen accessed from the Router Status menu Connection Status screen Configuring LAN IP Setup Options The LAN IP Setup feature is under the Advanced heading of the main menu This feature allows configuration of LAN IP services such as DHCP and RIP The router is shipped preconfigured to use private IP addresses on the LAN side and to act as a DHCP server The router s default LAN IP configuration is e LAN IP addresses 192 168 1 1 e Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 These addresses are part of the IETF designated private address range for use in private networks and should be suitable in most applications If your network has a requirement to use a different IP addressing scheme you can make those changes in this menu From the main menu of the browser interface under Advanced click LAN IP Setup to view the menu shown below 7 8 Advanced Configuration M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 LAN IP Setup LAN TCPAP Setup IP Address 192 hes o f IP Subnet Ma
15. 2 2004 00 09 5B D2 7E 1B 0 0 0 0 Client None None None 00 09 5B D2 7E1A 192 168 0 1 Server 255 255 255 0 NETGEAR_11a 42 802 11a NETGEAR_11g 6 802 11b g Show Statistics Connection Status Figure 6 1 Router Status screen Maintenance M 10153 01 6 1 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 The Router Status screen displays the following parameters Table 6 1 Menu 3 2 Wireless Router Status Fields Field Description Account Name The Host Name assigned to the router Firmware Version The router firmware version Internet Port MAC Address IP Address IP Subnet Mask DHCP These parameters apply to the Internet WAN port of the router The Media Access Control address being used by the Internet WAN port of the router The IP address used by the Internet WAN port of the router If no address is shown the router cannot connect to the Internet The IP Subnet Mask used by the Internet WAN port of the router If set to None the router is configured to use a fixed IP address on the WAN If set to Client the router is configured to obtain an IP address dynamically from the ISP LAN Port MAC Address IP Address DHCP IP Subnet Mask These parameters apply to the Local LAN port of the router The Media Access Control address used by the LAN port of the router The IP address used by the Local LAN port of t
16. Authentication and WEP on page D 3 for a full explanation of each of these options as defined by the IEEE 802 11 wireless communication standard Cipher Type Choices Choose the encryption strength from the drop down list Please refer to Overview of WEP Parameters on page D 5 for a full explanation of each of these options as defined by the IEEE 802 11 wireless communication standard 4 10 Wireless Configuration M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Disable No encryption will be applied This setting is useful for troubleshooting your wireless connection but leaves your wireless data fully exposed 64 bit 128 bit or 152 bit WEP When selected WEP encryption will be applied If encryption strength is set to 128 bit or 152 bit then only the selected WEP key box will automatically be populated with key values If WEP is enabled you can manually or automatically program the four data encryption keys These values must be identical on all PCs and access points in your network There are two methods for creating WEP encryption keys Passphrase Enter a word or group of printable characters in the Passphrase box and click the Generate button These characters are case sensitive Manual For 64 bit WEP enter 10 hexadecimal digits any combination of 0 9 a f or A F For 128 bit WEP enter 26 hexadecimal digits any combination of 0 9 a f or A F For 152 bit WEP en
17. Configuring Advanced 802 11b g Wireless Settings From the main menu click Advanced g Wireless Settings to view the configuration menu shown below Advanced 11g Wireless Settings Wireless Router Settings v Enable SSID Broadcast V Enable Super G Mode Y Enable extended Range xR Enable Adaptive Radio AR Transmit Power Max v Fragmentation Threshold 256 2346 CTS RTS Threshold 256 2346 2346 Preamble Mode Automatic v DTIM 1 5 1 Wireless Card Access List Setup Access List Figure 4 11 Advanced 802 11g Wireless Settings Enable SSID Broadcast allow broadcast of the Network Name SSID If you disable broadcast of the SSID only devices that have the correct SSID can connect Disabling SSID broadcast nullifies the wireless network discovery feature of some products such as Windows XP Wireless Configuration 4 21 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 e Enable Super G Mode if enabled the wireless router will enable data compression packet bursting and large frame support e Enable eXtended Range eXtended Range XR technology provides significantly longer range than basic 802 11 by maintaining connectivity when signals are made fainter when passing through dense walls floors or other barriers XR products require no additional configuration and are fully interoperable with standard 802 11 technologies Note
18. DNS server addresses fill in the following Primary DNS Server IP Address Secondary DNS Server IP Address Host and Domain Names Some ISPs use a specific host or domain name like CCA7324 A or home If you haven t been given host or domain names you can use the following examples as a guide e If your main e mail account with your ISP is aaa yyy com then use aaa as your host name Your ISP might call this your account user host computer or system name e If your ISP s mail server is mail xxx yyy com then use xxx yyy com as the domain name ISP Host Name ISP Domain Name For Wireless Access For configuration of the wireless network record the following Wireless Network Name SSID Encryption circle one WEP 64 or WEP 128 WEP passphrase or key Connecting the Router to the Internet 3 3 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Connecting the WGU624 This section provides instructions for connecting the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Also the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Router WGU624 Resource CD included with your router contains an animated Installation Assistant to help you through this procedure Connecting the Wireless Router Follow the steps below to connect your router to your network You can also refer to the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Router WGU624 Resource CD included with your router which contains an animated Installat
19. Flash memory for firmware upgrades e Free technical support seven days a week twenty four hours a day Package Contents The product package should contain the following items e Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 e AC power adapter e Vertical stand e Category 5 CATS Ethernet cable e Double 108 Mbps Wireless Router WGU624 Resource CD including The Setup Manual for the WGU624 Application Notes and other helpful information e Installation Guide for the WGU624 e Registration and Warranty Card e Support Information Card If any of the parts are incorrect missing or damaged contact your NETGEAR dealer Keep the carton including the original packing materials in case you need to return the router for repair 2 6 Introduction M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 The Router s Front Panel The front panel of the WGU624 wireless router contains the status LEDs described below 0 Power Wireless Wireless Internet LAN 802 11a 802 11g Port Port 4 Figure 2 1 WGU624 Front Panel You can use some of the LEDs to verify connections Viewed from left to right the table below describes the LEDs on the front panel of the router Table 2 1 LED Descriptions Label Activity Description On Power is supplied to the router O Amber Blink Power is supplied to the router and it is perfo
20. IP Control Panel before reconfiguring your PC for use with the firewall These procedures are described next Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers As mentioned above you may need to collect configuration information from your PC so that you can use this information when you configure the WGU624 wireless router Following this procedure is only necessary when your ISP does not dynamically supply the account information To get the information you need to configure the firewall for Internet access 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network icon The Network window opens which displays a list of installed components 3 Select TCP IP and then click Properties The TCP IP Properties dialog box opens 4 Select the IP Address tab If an IP address and subnet mask are shown write down the information If an address is present your account uses a fixed static IP address If no address is present your account uses a dynamically assigned IP address Click Obtain an IP address automatically 5 Select the Gateway tab Preparing Your Network C 19 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 If an IP address appears under Installed Gateways write down the address This is the ISP s gateway address Select the address and then click Remove to remove the gateway address Select t
21. Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Setting Up and Testing Basic Wireless Connectivity Follow the instructions below to set up and test basic wireless connectivity Once you have established basic wireless connectivity you can enable security settings appropriate to your needs 1 Log in to the WGU624 wireless router at its default LAN address of hittp 1 92 168 1 1 with its default user name of admin and default password of password or using whatever LAN address and password you have set up Click the Wireless a or g Settings link in the main menu of the WGU624 Wireless Network Name SSID NETGEAR_l1a Region USA Channel 36 Wireless Mode ore x Figure 4 6 Wireless Settings menu Choose a suitable descriptive name for the wireless network name SSID In the SSID box enter a value of up to 32 alphanumeric characters The default SSID is NETGEAR_11a for 802 11a and NETGEAR_11g for 802 11g Note The SSID of any wireless access adapters must match the SSID you configure in the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 If they do not match you will not get a wireless connection to the WGU624 Set the Region Select the region in which the wireless interface will operate Set the Channel This field determines which operating frequency will be used It should not be necessary to change the wireless channel unless you notice interference problems with another nearby wireless route
22. NT4 sssssssssisnssisisnesinisnennennenenenn C13 Verifying TCP IP Properties for Windows XP 2000 and NT4 oe O 15 Configuring the Macintosh for TCP IP Networking MacOS 8 6 or 9 x MacOS X E E EE E deed T E Verify ng TCP P ties intosh COMMIS sccsseaises ssenransiessansnsesirasinasay dE Verifying the uaina d Jat Internet ACCOUN sicccccccaisisinnncirscienassdadsoraniancniece OS Are Login Protocols Used What Is Your Configuratio o niorit ISP arena doema Maai the Waiata E E E A A E E a a eee Appendix D Wireless Networking Basics Wireless Networking Overview ssisrsuiairirsiorsiiirricicdcniiuidasnnianddasnireiesiariineieiainniina DT Infrastructure Mode eer rrr E E A E Ad Hoc Mode Pardo to eke Wor group hs ei iadenth oer Renate Network Name Extended Service Set Ide tion n ESSID EEE E N D Authentication and WEP E an ttt 802 11 Authentication Open System Authenti igin Channeli lt How Do es WPA oe to WEP ET How Does WPA Compare to IEEE 802 111 yid Contents M 10153 01 What are the Key Features of WPA Security cccccseeseeeeeseceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeees D 10 WPA Authentication Enterprise level User Authentication via 802 1x EAP and RADIUS neeesser D 12 WPA Data Encryption Key Management cccccescceeeeeeeecceeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeeees D 14 lS WPA POPOL cccitissvociac tame tecireess valde a screenname Ea a a D 16 Produet Support TOP WPA crsz
23. PC obtains its specific network configuration information automatically from a DHCP server during bootup For a detailed explanation of the meaning and purpose of these configuration items refer to Appendix B Network Routing Firewall and Basics The WGU6724 wireless router is shipped preconfigured as a DHCP server The firewall assigns the following TCP IP configuration information automatically when the PCs are rebooted e PC or workstation IP addresses 192 168 1 2 through 192 168 1 254 e Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 e Gateway address the firewall 192 168 1 1 These addresses are part of the IETF designated private address range for use in private networks Configuring Windows 95 98 and Me for TCP IP Networking As part of the PC preparation process you need to manually install and configure TCP IP on each networked PC Before starting locate your Windows CD you may need to insert it during the TCP IP installation process Install or Verify Windows Networking Components To install or verify the necessary components for IP networking 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network icon The Network window opens which displays a list of installed components C 2 Preparing Your Network M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Network Ea Configuration Identification Acc
24. Properties for Macintosh Computers on page C 17 to find your PC s IP address Follow the instructions in Appendix C to configure your PC Note If your PC s IP address is shown as 169 254 x x recent versions of Windows and MacOS will generate and assign an IP address if the computer cannot reach a DHCP server These auto generated addresses are in the range of 169 254 x x If your IP address is in this range check the connection from the PC to the router and reboot your PC If your router s IP address has been changed and you do not know the current IP address clear the router s configuration to factory defaults This will set the router s IP address to 192 168 1 1 This procedure is explained in Restoring the Default Configuration and Password on page 8 7 Make sure your browser has Java JavaScript or ActiveX enabled If you are using Internet Explorer click Refresh to be sure the Java applet is loaded Try quitting the browser and launching it again Make sure you are using the correct login information The factory default login name is admin and the password is password Make sure that CAPS LOCK is off when entering this information If the router does not save changes you have made in the Web Configuration Interface check the following When entering configuration settings be sure to click the Apply button before moving to another menu or tab or your changes will be lost Click the Refresh or Reload button
25. SSID NETGEAR_11g Region Channel Wireless Mode Security Configuration Security mode Cipher Type AES TKIP Security Encryption WEP Key Encryption Strength Passphrase key 1 key 2 key 3 key 4 Figure 4 3 Wireless 802 11g Settings menu The following options are available for the 802 11g configuration Name SSID The SSID is also known as the wireless network name Enter a value of up to 32 alphanumeric characters In a setting where there is more than one wireless network different wireless network names provide a means for separating the traffic Any device you want to participate in a particular wireless network must use this SSID for that network The WGU624 default SSID is NETGEAR_lig Region This field identifies the region where the WGU624 can be used It may not be legal to operate the wireless features of the wireless router in a region other than one of those identified in this field Channel This field determines which operating frequency will be used It should not be necessary to change the wireless channel unless you notice interference problems with another nearby access point For more information on the wireless channel frequencies please refer to Wireless Channels on page D 7 Wireless Configuration 4 7 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Wireless Mode This field determines which data communications protocols will be used
26. The XR feature is NOT available when the wireless mode is 108Mbps only and b only e Enable Adaptive Radio the Adaptive Radio AR feature is an option that is available when the wireless settings are switched to the Auto 108 mode When enabled the Auto 108 mode slows the data rate down automatically to the standard 802 11g 11g or 11b mode and operate at 54 Mbps or below when it senses any other neighboring wireless networks that are using adjacent wireless channels It steps up to a maximum data rate of 108 Mbps when it senses that no other neighboring wireless networks are using adjacent channels NETGEAR 108 Mbps Wireless Products provide minimum interference to neighboring networks so the default setting for the Adaptive Radio feature is set to Disable e Transmit Power Max 75 50 25 or Min The default is Max e Fragmentation Threshold value can be from 256 to 2346 The default is 2346 e CRS RTS Threshold value can be from 256 to 2346 The default is 2346 e Preamble Mode Automatic or Long The default is Automatic Most access points and client adapters have a setting called Preamble Type Short or Long The default Automatic will automatically pick Short or Long preamble type depending on the client capability e DTIM from 1 to 5 The default is 1 DTIM stands for Delivery Traffic Indication Message This setting determines how often the Access Point s Beacon Traffic Indication Messa
27. WGU624 3 Use WEP for Authentication and Encryption A transmitting 802 11 device encrypts the data portion of every packet it sends using a configured WEP Key The receiving 802 11 device decrypts the data using the same WEP Key For authentication purposes the 802 11 network uses Shared Key Authentication Note Some 802 11 access points also support Use WEP for Authentication Only Shared Key Authentication without data encryption Key Size The IEEE 802 11 standard supports two types of WEP encryption 40 bit and 128 bit The 64 bit WEP data encryption method allows for a five character 40 bit input Additionally 24 factory set bits are added to the forty bit input to generate a 64 bit encryption key The 24 factory set bits are not user configurable This encryption key will be used to encrypt decrypt all data transmitted via the wireless interface Some vendors refer to the 64 bit WEP data encryption as 40 bit WEP data encryption since the user configurable portion of the encryption key is 40 bits wide The 128 bit WEP data encryption method consists of 104 user configurable bits Similar to the forty bit WEP data encryption method the remaining 24 bits are factory set and not user configurable Some vendors allow passphrases to be entered instead of the cryptic hexadecimal characters to ease encryption key entry 128 bit encryption is stronger than 40 bit encryption but 128 bit encryption may not be available outside of the
28. WPA compatible driver and install the driver The firmware is automatically updated when the wireless network adapter driver is loaded in Windows Changes to Wireless Client Programs Wireless client programs must be updated to permit the configuration of WPA authentication and preshared key and the new WPA encryption algorithms TKIP and the optional AES component To obtain the Microsoft WPA client program visit the Microsoft Web site D 18 Wireless Networking Basics M 10153 01 Glossary Use the list below to find definitions for technical terms used in this manual List of Glossary Terms 10BASE T IEEE 802 3 specification for 10 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring 100BASE Tx IEEE 802 3 specification for 100 Mbps Ethernet over twisted pair wiring 3DES 3DES Triple DES achieves a high level of security by encrypting the data three times using DES with three different unrelated keys 802 1x 802 1x defines port based network access control used to provide authenticated network access and automated data encryption key management The IEEE 802 1x draft standard offers an effective framework for authenticating and controlling user traffic to a protected network as well as dynamically varying encryption keys 802 1x uses a protocol called EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol and supports multiple authentication methods such as token cards Kerberos one time passwords certificates and public key authentica
29. When Logis Full AM P M Figure 5 6 E mail menu Turn E mail notification on Select this check box if you wish to receive e mail logs and alerts from the router Outgoing mail server Enter the name of your ISP s outgoing SMTP mail server such as mail myISP com You may be able to find this information in the configuration menu of your e mail program If you leave this box blank log and alert messages will not be sent via e mail E mail address Enter the e mail address to which logs and alerts are sent This e mail address will also be used as the From address If you leave this box blank log and alert messages will not be sent via e mail Sending Alerts and Logs You can specify that logs are automatically sent to the specified e mail address with these options 5 8 Content Filtering M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 e Send alert immediately Select this check box if you would like immediate notification of attempted access to a blocked site Send logs according to this schedule Specifies how often to send the logs None Hourly Daily Weekly or When Full Day for sending log Specifies which day of the week to send the log Relevant when the log is sent weekly or daily Time for sending log Specifies the time of day to send the log Relevant when the log is sent daily or weekly If the Weekly Daily or Hourly option is selected and the log f
30. When you configure your router you will need to enter your login name and password in the router s configuration menus After your network and firewall are configured the firewall will perform the login task when needed and you will no longer need to run the login program from your PC It is not necessary to uninstall the login program What Is Your Configuration Information More and more ISPs are dynamically assigning configuration information However if your ISP does not dynamically assign configuration information but instead used fixed configurations your ISP should have given you the following basic information for your account C 18 Preparing Your Network M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 e An IP address and subnet mask e A gateway IP address which is the address of the ISP s router e One or more domain name server DNS IP addresses e Host name and domain suffix For example your account s full server names may look like this mail xxx yyy com In this example the domain suffix is xxx yyy com If any of these items are dynamically supplied by the ISP your firewall automatically acquires them If an ISP technician configured your PC during the installation of the broadband modem or if you configured it using instructions provided by your ISP you need to copy the configuration information from your PC s Network TCP IP Properties window or Macintosh TCP
31. access account using a cable modem or DSL modem This modem must be a separate physical box not a card and must provide an Ethernet port intended for connection to a Network Interface Card NIC in a computer Your firewall does not support a USB connected broadband modem For a single user Internet account your ISP supplies TCP IP configuration information for one computer With a typical account much of the configuration information is dynamically assigned when your PC is first booted up while connected to the ISP and you will not need to know that dynamic information In order to share the Internet connection among several computers your firewall takes the place of the single PC and you need to configure it with the TCP IP information that the single PC would normally use When the firewall s Internet port is connected to the broadband modem the firewall appears to be a single PC to the ISP The firewall then allows the PCs on the local network to masquerade as the single PC to access the Internet through the broadband modem The method used by the firewall to accomplish this is called Network Address Translation NAT or IP masquerading Are Login Protocols Used Some ISPs require a special login protocol in which you must enter a login name and password in order to access the Internet If you normally log in to your Internet account by running a program such as WinPOET or EnterNet then your account uses PPP over Ethernet PPPoE
32. be reported in RIP 4 Select Active to make this route effective 5 Type the Destination IP Address of the final destination 6 Type the IP Subnet Mask for this destination If the destination is a single host type 255 255 255 255 7 Type the Gateway IP Address which must be a router on the same LAN segment as the router 8 Type a number between 1 and 15 as the Metric value This represents the number of routers between your network and the destination Usually a setting of 2 or 3 works but if this is a direct connection set it to 1 9 Click Apply to have the static route entered into the table 7 14 Advanced Configuration M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Static Route Example As an example of when a static route is needed consider the following case e Your primary Internet access is through a cable modem to an ISP e You have an ISDN router on your home network for connecting to the company where you are employed This router s address on your LAN is 192 168 1 100 e Your company s network is 134 177 1 0 When you first configured your router two implicit static routes were created A default route was created with your ISP as the gateway and a second static route was created to your local network for all 192 168 1 x addresses With this configuration if you attempt to access a device on the 134 177 1 0 network your router forwards your request to the
33. correct handling Customer Support Refer to the Support Information Card that shipped with your Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 World Wide Web NETGEAR maintains a World Wide Web home page that you can access at the universal resource locator URL http www netgear com A direct connection to the Internet and a Web browser such as Internet Explorer or Netscape are required M 10153 01 Contents Chapter 1 About This Manual Audience Scope Conventions and Formats cccscccccessssceeeeeescneeeeeessneeeeeeeesneeeeeeeea 1 1 Pe Te Use This Manwal sirenas aaa aa E aiiai 1 2 How DFi mS MANTA nannaa o o o AEE 1 3 Chapter 2 Introduction Key Features of the ROUGI siciscccaseiaisaaiaeetdiccosmegsduncneeticneanedcnciuiedyccconnencceeronmicastonsets 2 1 g02 11 arg Wireless Newarkin ercran 2 2 Comparing the 802 11a 802 11b and 802 11g Modes ssssesssesessseesieserrresrrssrrrsssenes 2 2 A Powerful True Firewall with Content Filtering cccccccecsseeeeeeesseeeeeeseesteeeeeeees 2 3 SE a er reae rT ne eon errr tere ee mera Teer er ter eetrt 2 4 Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink 0 0 0 2 ceecceeeseeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeneees 2 4 Extensive Protocol SUODO siy sannsnieninicaaetnaets pina AA 2 5 Easy Installation and Management vs sisssrvsaainlosssaassuseseeadsuniedesdadinis iiaanen annua 2 5 Mamntenange and SUDDO csore S 2 6 Packt IIMS agian ENE 2 6 The meuli s Froni Panel dienian A 2 7 The R
34. device into operation Marking by the above symbol indicates compliance with the Essential Requirements of the R amp TTE Directive of the European Union 1999 5 EC This equipment meets the following conformance standards EN 300 328 EN 301 489 17 EN 60950 1 Safety of Information Technology Equipment Including Electrical Business Equipment EN 300 328 V1 4 1 2003 04 Electromagnetic compatibility and Radio spectrum Matters ERM Wideband Transmission system data transmission equipment operating in the 2 4 Ghz ISM band and using spread spectrum modulation techniques Part 1 Technical characteristics and test conditions Part 2 Harmonized EN covering essential requirements under article 3 2 of the R amp TTE Directive EN 301 489 1 Aug 2002 EN 301 489 17 Aug 2002 Electromagnetic compatibility and radio spectrum matters ERM electromagnetic compatibility EMC standard for radio equipment and services Part 1 Common technical requirements Part 17 Specific conditions for Wideband Data and Hiperlan equipment EN 55 022 Declaration of Conformance This is to certify that the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU6 24 is shielded against the generation of radio interference in accordance with the application of Council Directive 89 336 EEC Article 4a Conformity is declared by the application of EN 55 022 Class B CISPR 22 Compliance with the applicable regulations is dependent upon the use of shielded cables It is the res
35. in four twisted pairs and terminated with an RJ45 type connector In addition there are restrictions on maximum cable length for both 10 and 100 Mbits second networks Certificate Authority 2 Glossary M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 A Certificate Authority is a trusted third party organization or company that issues digital certificates used to create digital signatures and public private key pairs The role of the CA in this process is to guarantee that the individual granted the unique certificate is in fact who he or she claims to be Usually this means that the CA has an arrangement with a financial institution such as a credit card company which provides it with information to confirm an individual s claimed identity CAs are a critical component in data security and electronic commerce because they guarantee that the two parties exchanging information are really who they claim to be CRL Certificate Revocation List Each Certificate Authority CA maintains a revoked certificates list Denial of Service attack DoS A hacker attack designed to prevent your computer or network from operating or communicating DHCP An Ethernet protocol specifying how a centralized DHCP server can assign network configuration information to multiple DHCP clients The assigned information includes IP addresses DNS addresses and gateway router addresses DMZ A Demilitarized Zone
36. items Client for Microsoft Networks v F File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks m QoS Packet Scheduler Internet Protocol TCP IP Install Uninstall Properties Description Allows your computer to access resources on a Microsoft network Show icon in notification area when connected OK Cancel Preparing Your Network C 9 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 e Verify that the Obtain an IP address automatically radio button is selected e Verify that Obtain DNS server address automatically radio button is selected e Click the OK button This completes the DHCP configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties General Alternate Configuration You can get IP settings assigned automatically if your network supports this capability Otherwise you need to ask your network administrator for the appropriate IP settings Obtain an IP address automatically Use the following IP address Obtain DNS server address automatically Use the following DNS server addresses DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows 2000 Once again after you have installed the network card TCP IP for Windows 2000 is configured TCP IP should be added by default and set to DHCP without your havi
37. one then enter it here If you know that your ISP does not automatically transmit DNS addresses to the router during login select Use these DNS servers and enter the IP address of your ISP s Primary DNS Server If a Secondary DNS Server address is available enter it also Note If you enter DNS addresses restart your computers so that these settings take effect The Router MAC Address section determines the Ethernet Mac address that will be used by the router on the Internet port Some ISPs will register the Ethernet MAC address of the network interface card in your PC when your account is first opened They will then only accept traffic from the MAC address of that PC This feature allows your router to masquerade as that PC To change the MAC address select Use this Computer s MAC address The router will then capture and use the MAC address of the PC that you are now using You must be using the one PC that is allowed by the ISP Or select Use this MAC address and enter it Click Apply to save your settings Click Test to test your Internet connection If the NETGEAR Web site does not appear within one minute refer to Chapter 8 Troubleshooting 3 14 Connecting the Router to the Internet M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Manual Telstra Bigpond Configuration If your ISP uses Telstra Bigpond select Telstra Bigpond for the Internet Service Pro
38. page C 20 for further information Preparing Your Computers for TCP IP Networking Computers access the Internet using a protocol called TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol Each computer on your network must have TCP IP installed and selected as its networking protocol If a Network Interface Card NIC is already installed in your PC then TCP IP is probably already installed as well Most operating systems include the software components you need for networking with TCP IP e Windows 95 or later includes the software components for establishing a TCP IP network e Windows 3 1 does not include a TCP IP component You need to purchase a third party TCP IP application package such as NetManage Chameleon e Macintosh Operating System 7 or later includes the software components for establishing a TCP IP network e All versions of UNIX or Linux include TCP IP components Follow the instructions provided with your operating system or networking software to install TCP IP on your computer Preparing Your Network C 1 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 In your IP network each PC and the firewall must be assigned a unique IP addresses Each PC must also have certain other IP configuration information such as a subnet mask netmask a domain name server DNS address and a default gateway address In most cases you should install TCP IP so that the
39. pane to view the Contents Index Search and Favorites tabs To view the HTML version of the manual you must have a version 4 or later browser with JavaScript enabled 2 Toolbar buttons Use the toolbar buttons across the top to navigate print pages and more The Show in Contents button locates the current topic in the Contents tab Previous Next buttons display the previous or next topic PDF The PDF button links to a PDF version of the full manual E The Print button prints the current topic Using this button when a step by step procedure is displayed will send the entire procedure to your printer you do not have to worry about specifying the correct range of pages 3 Right pane Use the right pane to view the contents of the manual Also each page of the manual includesa PDF of This Chapter link at the top right which links to a PDF file containing just the currently selected chapter of the manual 2 About This Manual M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 How to Print this Manual To print this manual you man choose one of the following several options according to your needs e Printing a How To Sequence of Steps in the HTML View Use the Print button E on the upper right of the toolbar to print the currently displayed topic Using this button when a step by step procedure is displayed will send the entire procedure to your printer you do not have to worry a
40. password or IP address you must use the default reset button on the rear panel of the router See Restoring the Default Configuration and Password on page 8 7 Changing the Administrator Password The default password for the router s Web Configuration Manager is password NETGEAR recommends that you change this password to a more secure password From the main menu of the browser interface under the Maintenance heading select Set Password to bring up the menu shown below Change Password Old password New password Repeat new password Apply Cancel Figure 6 7 Set Password menu To change the password first enter the old password and then enter the new password twice Click Apply 6 8 Maintenance M 10153 01 Chapter 7 Advanced Configuration This chapter describes how to configure the advanced features of your Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 These features can be found under the Advanced heading in the main menu of the browser interface Comparison of Port Triggering and Port Forwarding Port Triggering is an advanced feature that can be used for gaming and other Internet applications Port Forwarding can typically be used to enable similar functionality but it is static and has some limitations Using the Port Forwarding Port Triggering page you can make local computers or servers available to the Internet for different services for example FTP or HTTP to play Internet gam
41. second computer s port number would be 26901 the third computer s port number would be 26902 4 Type the same port number in the Ending Port box 5 Type the IP address of the computer in the Server IP Address box 6 Click the Add button Local Web and FTP Server Example If a local PC with a private IP address of 192 168 1 33 acts as a Web and FTP server configure the Port Forwarding menu to forward HTTP port 80 and FTP port 21 to local address 192 168 1 33 In order for a remote user to access this server from the Internet the remote user must know the IP address that has been assigned by your ISP If this address is 172 16 1 23 for example an Internet user can access your Web server by directing the browser to http 172 16 1 23 The assigned IP address can be found in the Maintenance Status Menu where it is shown as the WAN IP Address Some considerations for this application are e If your account s IP address is assigned dynamically by your ISP the IP address may change periodically as the DHCP lease expires 7 4 Advanced Configuration M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 e If the IP address of the local PC is assigned by DHCP it may change when the PC is rebooted To avoid this you can manually configure the PC to use a fixed address e Local PCs must access the local server using the PCs local LAN address 192 168 1 33 in this example Attempts by local
42. server choose an IP address from the router s LAN subnet such as 192 168 1 X 3 Type the MAC Address of the PC or server Tip If the PC is already present on your network you can copy its MAC address from the Attached Devices menu and paste it here 4 Click Apply to enter the reserved address into the table Note The reserved address will not be assigned until the next time the PC contacts the router s DHCP server Reboot the PC or access its IP configuration and force a DHCP release and renew To edit or delete a reserved address entry 1 Click the button next to the reserved address you want to edit or delete 2 Click Edit or Delete Advanced Configuration 7 11 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Using a Dynamic DNS Service If your network has a permanently assigned IP address you can register a domain name and have that name linked with your IP address by public Domain Name Servers DNS However if your Internet account uses a dynamically assigned IP address you will not know in advance what your IP address will be and the address can change frequently In this case you can use a commercial dynamic DNS service which will allow you to register your domain to their IP address and will forward traffic directed at your domain to whatever your current IP address happens to be Note If your ISP assigns a private WAN IP address such as 192 168 x x or 10 x
43. start an Internet application your router will automatically log you in Select your Internet service provider from the drop down list Your choices are e Other if you have installed PPP software such as WinPoET from Earthlink or Enternet from Pacbell then select Other For more information see Manual PPPoE Configuration on page 3 11 e PPIP this protocol is used in Austria and other European countries For more information see Manual PPTP Configuration on page 3 13 e Telstra Bigpond this protocol is used mainly in Australia For more information see Manual Telstra Bigpond Configuration on page 3 15 The screen changes according to the ISP settings requirements of the ISP you select Fill in the parameters for your Internet service provider Click Apply to save your settings Click the Test button to verify you have Internet access Manual PPPoE Configuration If your ISP uses PPPoE select Other for the Internet Service Provider in the Basic Settings menu to display the following menu Connecting the Router to the Internet 3 11 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Basic Settings Does Your Internet Connection Require A Login Yes O No Internet Service Provider Other v Login Password Service Name if Required Idle Timeout In Minutes 5 Domain Name Server DNS Address Get Automatically From ISP Use Thes
44. the DES encryption it used AES works at multiple network layers simultaneously AH Authentication Header ARP Address Resolution Protocol a TCP IP protocol used to convert an IP address into a physical address called a DLC address such as an Ethernet address A host wishing to obtain a physical address broadcasts an ARP request onto the TCP IP network The host on the network that has the IP address in the request then replies with its physical hardware address There is also Reverse ARP RARP which can be used by a host to discover its IP address In this case the host broadcasts its physical address and a RARP server replies with the host s IP address Auto Uplink Auto Uplink technology also called MDI MDIX eliminates the need to worry about crossover vs straight through Ethernet cables Auto Uplink will accommodate either type of cable to make the right connection CA A Certificate Authority is a trusted third party organization or company that issues digital certificates used to create digital signatures and public private key pairs Cat 5 Category 5 unshielded twisted pair UTP cabling An Ethernet network operating at 10 Mbits second 1OBASE T will often tolerate low quality cables but at 100 Mbits second LOBASE Tx the cable must be rated as Category 5 or Cat 5 or Cat V by the Electronic Industry Association EIA This rating will be printed on the cable jacket Cat 5 cable contains eight conductors arranged
45. to the wireless router verify that your cables are connected correctly that the router is powered on Verify that your computer is set to obtain the both IP and DSN server addresses automatically which is usually so For help with this see the tutorials on the Resource CD 4 CONNECT TO THE INTERNET e Setup Wizard Setup Wizard The Smart Setup Wizard Can Detect The Type Of Internet Connection That You Have Do You Want The Smart Setup Wizard To Try And Detect The Connection Type Now yes O no wantto configure the router myself Next Figure 3 5 Setup Smart Wizard a You are now connected to the router If you do not see the menu above click the Setup Smart Wizard link on the upper left of the main menu Connecting the Router to the Internet 3 7 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 b Click Next and follow the steps in the Setup Smart Wizard for inputting the configuration parameters from your ISP to connect to the Internet Note If you choose not to use the Setup Smart Wizard you can manually configure your Internet connection settings by following the procedure How to Manually Configure Your Internet Connection on page 3 9 Unless your ISP automatically assigns your configuration automatically via DHCP you will need the configuration parameters from your ISP that you recorded in the form Record Your Internet Connection Information on p
46. view the table shown below Attached Devices IP Address Device Name MAC Address 4 192 168 0 2 emachine 00 48 54 8d d7 d3 Refresh Figure 6 4 Attached Devices menu For each device the table shows the IP address NetBIOS Host Name if available and Ethernet MAC address Note that if the router is rebooted the table data is lost until the router rediscovers the devices To force the router to look for attached devices click the Refresh button Upgrading the Router Software The routing software of the WGU624 wireless router is stored in FLASH memory and can be upgraded as new software is released by NETGEAR Note The Web browser used to upload new firmware into the WGU624 wireless router must support HTTP uploads Use Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator 4 0 or above Do not interrupt the upgrade process once it has started Maintenance 6 5 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Note Be sure to check the NETGEAR Web site for documentation updates which are available at http kbserver netgear com products WGU624 asp gt From the main menu of the browser interface under the Maintenance heading select the Router Upgrade heading to display the menu shown below Router Upgrade Check for New Version from the Internet C Check for auto upgrade while login Locate And Select The Upgrade File From Your Hard
47. wireless adapter card For the access point and wireless nodes to communicate with each other all must be configured with the same SSID If WEP Authentication is Used Circle one Open System Shared Key or Auto Note If you select Shared Key the other devices in the network will not connect unless they are set to Shared Key as well WEP Encryption Strength Choose the key size Circle one 64 128 or 152 bit Data Encryption WEP Keys The WGU624 provides two methods for creating WEP encryption keys e Passphrase Enter a word or group of printable characters These characters are case sensitive When you enter the Passphrase and click the Generate button on the WGU6724 the keys will be generated e Manual For 64 bit WEP enter 10 hexadecimal digits any combination of 0 9 or a f These values are not case sensitive For 128 bit WEP enter 26 hex digits For 152 bit WEP enter 32 hex digits Record the key values in the spaces below Key 1 Key 3 Key 2 Key 4 If WPA PSK Authentication is Used Enter a word or group of printable characters These characters are case sensitive When you use WPA PSK the other devices in the network will not connect unless they are set to WPA PSK and are configured with the correct Passphrase Passphrase Store this information in a safe place Use the procedures described in the following sections to configure the WGU624 Wireless Configuration 4 13 M 10153 01 Reference
48. x x the dynamic DNS service will not work because private addresses will not be routed on the Internet gt The router contains a client that can connect to many popular dynamic DNS services You can select one of these services and obtain an account with them Then whenever your ISP assigned IP address changes your router will automatically contact your dynamic DNS service provider log in to your account and register your new IP address From the main menu of the browser interface under Advanced click Dynamic DNS Dynamic DNS Use a dynamic DNS service None DynDNS org Click here for information DynDNS Host and Domain Name example yourname dyndns org User Name Password Cluse wildcards Figure 7 5 Dynamic DNS menu 7 12 Advanced Configuration M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 To configure Dynamic DNS 1 Register for an account with DynDNS org Select Click here for information to go to www dyndns org Select DynDNS org Type the Host Name appended with dyndns org For example myHostName dyndns org Type the User Name for your dynamic DNS account Type the Password or key for your dynamic DNS account If you want to allow the use of wildcards in resolving your URL you can select the Use wildcards check box to activate this feature For example the wildcard feature will cause yourhost dyndns org to be al
49. your wireless access points to support WPA obtain a WPA firmware update from your wireless AP vendor and upload it to your wireless AP Changes to Wireless Network Adapters Wireless networking software in the adapter and possibly in the OS or client application must be updated to support the following e The new WPA information element Wireless clients must be able to process the WPA information element and respond with a specific security configuration e The WPA two phase authentication Open system then 802 1x supplicant EAP or preshared key e TKIP e Michael e AES optional To upgrade your wireless network adapters to support WPA obtain a WPA update from your wireless network adapter vendor and update the wireless network adapter driver For Windows wireless clients you must obtain an updated network adapter driver that supports WPA For wireless network adapter drivers that are compatible with Windows XP Service Pack 1 and Windows Server 2003 the updated network adapter driver must be able to pass the adapter s WPA capabilities and security configuration to the Wireless Zero Configuration service Wireless Networking Basics D 17 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Microsoft has worked with many wireless vendors to embed the WPA firmware update in the wireless adapter driver So to update your Microsoft Windows wireless client all you have to do is obtain the new
50. 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Log entries are described in Table 5 1 Table 5 1 Log entry descriptions Field Description Number The index number of the content filter log entries Up to 128 entries are available numbered from 0 to 127 The log keeps a record of the latest 128 entries Action This field displays whether the access was blocked or allowed Web site The name or IP address of the Web site or newsgroup visited or attempted to access Source IP The IP address of the initiating device for this log entry Date and Time The date and time the log entry was recorded Log action buttons are described in Table 5 2 Table 5 2 Log action buttons Button Description Refresh Refresh the log screen Clear Log Clear the log entries Send Log E mail the log immediately Content Filtering 5 7 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Configuring E Mail Alert and Web Access Log Notifications In order to receive logs and alerts by e mail you must provide your e mail information in the E mail menu shown below Turn E mail Notification On Send alert and logs by mail Outgoing Mail Server smtp server com E mail Address me mymail com Send Alert Immediately When Someone Attempts To Visit A Blocked Site Send Logs According To This Schedule
51. 11101101 192 168 170 237 combined with 11111111 11111111 211111111 00000000 255 255 255 0 Equals 11000000 10101000 10101010 00000000 192 168 170 0 As a shorter alternative to dotted decimal notation the netmask may also be expressed in terms of the number of ones from the left This number is appended to the IP address following a backward slash as n In the example the address could be written as 192 168 170 237 24 indicating that the netmask is 24 ones followed by 8 zeros B 4 Network Routing Firewall and Basics M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Subnet Addressing By looking at the addressing structures you can see that even with a Class C address there are a large number of hosts per network Such a structure is an inefficient use of addresses if each end of a routed link requires a different network number It is unlikely that the smaller office LANs would have that many devices You can resolve this problem by using a technique known as subnet addressing Subnet addressing allows us to split one IP network address into smaller multiple physical networks known as subnetworks Some of the node numbers are used as a subnet number instead A Class B address gives us 16 bits of node numbers translating to 64 000 nodes Most organizations do not use 64 000 nodes so there are free bits that can be reassigned Subnet addressing makes use of those bits
52. 24 10 11 Click the Add button Type a name for the service Enter unused port numbers for the Outgoing Start Port and End Port To trigger only one port enter it again in the Outgoing End Port box To specify a range of ports enter the last port to be triggered in the End Port box Enter unused port numbers for the Incoming Start Port and End Port To trigger only one port enter it again in the Incoming End Port box To specify a range of ports enter the last port to be forwarded in the End Port box Enter the IP address of the local server or computer in the corresponding Server IP Address box Click Add Select the Turn on Port Triggering check box Specify the Port Triggering Timeout value Click Apply at the bottom of the menu to save your new configuration Configuring WAN Setup Options The WAN Setup options let you enable the DMZ port change the MTU size and enable the wireless router to respond to a Ping on the WAN port These options are discussed below WAN Setup C Enable DMZ port oO Respond To Ping On Internet Port SPI Enable SPI MTU Size in bytes 1500 Connect Automatically as Required Figure 7 3 WAN Setup menu 7 6 Advanced Configuration M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Enable DMZ Port LAN port 4 on the WGU6724 is reserved to be used as the DMZ port You can also use this port as a regular LAN port when this f
53. 4 The IEEE introduced the WEP as an optional security measure to secure 802 11b Wi Fi WLANs but inherent weaknesses in the standard soon became obvious In response to this situation the Wi Fi Alliance announced a new security architecture in October 2002 that remedies the shortcomings of WEP This standard formerly known as Safe Secure Network SSN is designed to work with existing 802 11 products and offers forward compatibility with 802 11i the new wireless security architecture being defined in the IEEE WPA offers the following benefits e Enhanced data privacy e Robust key management e Data origin authentication e Data integrity protection How Does WPA Compare to WEP WEP is a data encryption method and is not intended as a user authentication mechanism WPA user authentication is implemented using 802 1x and the Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP Support for 802 1x authentication is required in WPA In the 802 11 standard 802 1x authentication was optional For details on EAP specifically refer to IETF s RFC 2284 With 802 11 WEP all access points and client wireless adapters on a particular wireless LAN must use the same encryption key A major problem with the 802 11 standard is that the keys are cumbersome to change If you do not update the WEP keys often an unauthorized person with a sniffing tool can monitor your network for less than a day and decode the encrypted messages Products based on the 802 11 sta
54. 53 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 e With Internet Protocol TCP IP selected click Properties to open the Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties dialogue box e Verify that Obtain an IP address automatically is selected Obtain DNS server address automatically is selected e Click OK to return to Local Area Connection Properties Internet Protocol TCP IP Properties 2 x General You can get IP settings assigned automatically if your network supports this capability Otherwise you need to ask your network administrator for the appropriate IP settings Obtain an IP address automatically C Use the following IP address IP address a Subnet mask E Default gateway PET Obtain DNS server address automatically mC Use the following DNS server addresses Preferred DNS server Altemate DNS server Advanced e Click OK again to complete the configuration process for Windows 2000 Restart the PC Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network Local Area Connection Properties E 2 xi General Connect using BY 3Com EtherLink XL 10 100 PCI NIC 3C905 Tx Components checked are used by this connection M E Client for Microsoft Networks File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Network sh M Y Intenet Protocol TCP IP Install Uninstall Properti
55. 64 128 or 152 bit data encryption AES Advanced Encryption Standard a symmetric 128 bit block data encryption technique It is an iterated block cipher with a variable block length and a variable key length TKIP the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol mechanism shares a starting key between devices Each device then changes its encryption key for every packet 4 8 Wireless Configuration M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Wireless Security Settings The following table shows the 11a and 11g security mode and cipher type options Table 4 3 Wireless Security Settings Security Mode Cipher Type Open System WEP 64 128 or 152 bit encryption Shared Key WEP 64 128 or 152 bit encryption 802 1x none WPA PSK AES or TKIP WPA AES or TKIP Instructions on how to configure the security settings are provided in the following sections WEP Authentication and Encryption Restricting wireless access to your network prevents intruders from connecting to your network However the wireless data transmissions are still vulnerable to snooping Using the WEP data encryption settings described below will prevent a determined intruder from eavesdropping on your wireless data communications Also if you are using the Internet for such activities as purchases or banking those Internet sites use another level of highly secure encryption called SSL You c
56. Basic Settings menu and fill in the settings according to the instructions below If your Internet connection does require a login click Yes and skip to step 3 a Enter your Account Name may also be called Host Name and Domain Name These parameters may be necessary to access your ISP s services such as mail or news servers b Internet IP Address If your ISP has assigned you a permanent fixed static IP address for your PC select Use static IP address Enter the IP address that your ISP assigned Also enter the IP Subnet Mask and the Gateway IP address The Gateway is the ISP s router to which your router will connect c Domain Name Server DNS Address If you know that your ISP does not automatically transmit DNS addresses to the router during login select Use these DNS servers and enter the IP address of your ISP s Primary DNS Server If a Secondary DNS Server address is available enter it also Note If you enter an address here restart the computers on your network so that these settings take effect d Gateway s MAC address This section determines the Ethernet MAC address that will be used by the router on the Internet port Some ISPs register the Ethernet MAC address of the network interface card in your PC when your account is first opened Then they only accept traffic from the MAC address of that PC This feature allows your router to masquerade as that PC by cloning its MAC address To chan
57. Disk Browse Figure 6 5 Router Upgrade menu Note When uploading software to the WGU624 wireless router it is important not to interrupt the Web browser by closing the window clicking a link or loading a new page If the browser is interrupted it may corrupt the software When the upload is complete your router will automatically restart The upgrade process will typically take about one minute To check for new firmware 1 Click Check If the WGU624 finds new firmware is available follow the on screen prompts to download in install the new firmware To upload firmware from your hard drive 1 Inthe Router Upgrade menu click the Browse button and browse to the location of the upgrade file 2 Click Upload In some cases you may need to reconfigure the router after upgrading 6 6 Maintenance M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Configuration File Management The configuration settings of the WGU624 wireless router are stored within the router in a configuration file This file can be saved backed up to a user s PC retrieved restored from the user s PC or cleared to factory default settings From the main menu of the browser interface under the Maintenance heading select the Backup Settings heading to bring up the menu shown below Backup Settings Save A Copy Of Current Settings Restore Saved Settings From A File Browse
58. IP configuring C 1 network troubleshooting 8 5 TCP IP properties verifying for Macintosh C 17 verifying for Windows C 6 C 15 time of day 8 7 troubleshooting 8 1 Trusted Host 5 2 U Universal Plug and Play 7 17 Uplink switch B 14 UPnP 7 17 USB C 18 W WAN 7 6 WAN Setup 7 6 WEP D 3 Wi Fi D 1 Wi Fi Protected Access WPA 4 18 Windows configuring for IP routing C 2 C 7 winipcfg utility C 6 WinPOET C 18 Wired Equivalent Privacy See WEP Wireless Access 3 3 Wireless Authentication 4 9 Wireless Encryption 4 9 Wireless Ethernet D 1 Wireless Performance 4 1 Wireless Range Guidelines 4 1 Wireless Security 4 2 World Wide Web 1 4 WPA 4 18 Index
59. ISP The ISP forwards your request to the company where you are employed and the request will likely be denied by the company s firewall In this case you must define a static route telling your router that 134 177 1 0 should be accessed through the ISDN router at 192 168 1 100 The static route would look like Figure 7 7 In this example e The Destination IP Address and IP Subnet Mask fields specify that this static route applies to all 134 177 1 x addresses e The Gateway IP Address fields specifies that all traffic for these addresses should be forwarded to the ISDN router at 192 168 1 100 e A Metric value of 1 will work since the ISDN router is on the LAN e Private is selected only as a precautionary security measure in case RIP is activated Advanced Configuration 7 15 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Enabling Remote Management Access Using the Remote Management page you can allow a user or users on the Internet to configure upgrade and check the status of your WGU624 wireless router Note Be sure to change the router s default configuration password to a very secure fa password The ideal password should contain no dictionary words from any language and should be a mixture of letters both upper and lower case numbers and symbols Your password can be up to 30 characters To configure your router for Remote Management 1 Select the T
60. ISPs maintain their own DNS servers and allow their customers to use the servers to look up addresses IP Configuration by DHCP When an IP based local area network is installed each PC must be configured with an IP address If the PCs need to access the Internet they should also be configured with a gateway address and one or more DNS server addresses As an alternative to manual configuration there is a method by which each PC on the network can automatically obtain this configuration information A device on the network may act as a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP server The DHCP server stores a list or pool of IP addresses along with other information such as gateway and DNS addresses that it may assign to the other devices on the network The WGU624 wireless router has the capacity to act as a DHCP server The WGU624 wireless router also functions as a DHCP client when connecting to the ISP The firewall can automatically obtain an IP address subnet mask DNS server addresses and a gateway address if the ISP provides this information by DHCP Internet Security and Firewalls When your LAN connects to the Internet through a router an opportunity is created for outsiders to access or disrupt your network A NAT router provides some protection because by the very nature of the process the network behind the router is shielded from access by outsiders on the Internet However there are methods by which a determined hack
61. LAN typically connects multiple personal computers and shared network devices such as storage and printers Although many technologies exist to implement a LAN Ethernet is the most common for connecting personal computers MAC address The Media Access Control address is a unique 48 bit hardware address assigned to every network interface card Usually written in the form 01 23 45 67 89 ab Mbps Megabits per second MD5 MDS creates digital signatures using a one way hash function meaning that it takes a message and converts it into a fixed string of digits also called a message digest When using a one way hash function one can compare a calculated message digest against the message digest that is decrypted with a public key to verify that the message hasn t been tampered with This comparison is called a hashcheck MDI MDIX In cable wiring the concept of transmit and receive are from the perspective of the PC which is wired as a Media Dependant Interface MDI In MDI wiring a PC transmits on pins and 2 At the hub switch router or access point the perspective is reversed and the hub receives on pins 1 and 2 This wiring is referred to as Media Dependant Interface Crossover MDI X See also AES Maximum Receive Unit The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be sent or received Maximum Transmit Unit The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be sent or received Most Significant Bit or Most Significant By
62. M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Using Universal Plug and Play UPnP Universal Plug and Play UPnP helps devices such as Internet appliances and computers access the network and connect to other devices as needed UPnP devices can automatically discover the services from other registered UPnP devices on the network UPnP M Turn UPnP On Advertisement Period in minutes 30 Advertisement Time To Live in hops 0 UPnP Portmap Table Active Protocol Int Port Ext Port IP Address Yes TCP 9198 11913 192 168 0 2 Yes UDP 5339 7102 192 168 0 2 Apply Cancel Jl Refresh Figure 7 8 UPnP Menu Turn UPnP On UPnP can be enabled or disabled for automatic device configuration The default setting for UPnP is enabled If disabled the router will not allow any device to automatically control the resources such as port forwarding mapping of the router Advertisement Period The Advertisement Period is how often the router will broadcast its UPnP information This value can range from 1 to 1440 minutes The default period is 30 minutes Shorter durations will ensure that control points have current device status at the expense of additional network traffic Longer durations may compromise the freshness of the device status but can significantly reduce network traffic Advertisement Time To Live The time to live for the advertisement is measured in hops s
63. Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 How to Manually Configure Your Internet Connection You can manually configure your router using the menu below or you can allow the Setup Wizard to determine your configuration as described in the previous section ISP Does Not Require Login ISP Does Require Login Basic Settings Does Your Intefnet Connection Require A Login Account Name If Required Domain Name if Required Internet IP Address Get Dynamically From ISP O Use Static IP Address Service Name If Required Idle Timeout In Minutes IP Address Domain Name Server DNS Address Get Automatically From ISP Use These DNS Servers Primary DNS IP Subnet Mask Gateway IP Address Domain Name Server DNS Address Get Automatically From ISP O Use These DNS Servers Primary DNS Secondary DNS lo Secondary DNS Router MAC Address Use Default MAC Address Use Computer MAC Address Ouse This MAC Address Apply Cancel Test Figure 3 6 Browser based configuration Basic Settings menus You can manually configure the router using the Basic Settings menu shown in Figure 3 6 using these steps 1 Click the Basic Settings link on the Setup menu Connecting the Router to the Internet 3 9 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 2 If your Internet connection does not require a login click No at the top of the
64. PCs to access the server using the external IP address 172 16 1 23 in this example will fail Some online games and videoconferencing applications are incompatible with NAT The WGU624 wireless router is programmed to recognize some of these applications and to work properly with them but there are other applications that may not function well In some cases one local PC can run the application properly if that PC s IP address is entered as the default in the Port Forwarding Menu If one local PC acts as a game or videoconferencing host enter its IP address as the default Configuring Port Triggering To define a game or application for Port Triggering you must determine what port numbers are used by the service For this information you may need to contact the manufacturer of the program that you wish to use When you have the port number information follow these steps 1 From the main menu of the browser interface under the Advanced section select Port Forwarding Port Triggering 2 Select Port Triggering to display the Port Triggering screen as shown below Port Forwarding Port Trigger Port Forwarding Port Trigger C Turn on Port Tr iggering Port Triggering Timeout in minutes 20 Outgoing Incoming Port Port Enable Name Active Active IP Figure 7 2 Port Triggering menu Advanced Configuration 7 5 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU6
65. United States due to U S export regulations When configured for 40 bit encryption 802 11 products typically support up to four WEP Keys Each 40 bit WEP Key is expressed as 5 sets of two hexadecimal digits 0 9 and A F For example 12 34 56 78 90 is a 40 bit WEP Key When configured for 128 bit encryption wireless products typically support four WEP Keys but some manufacturers support only one 128 bit key The 128 bit WEP Key is expressed as 13 sets of two hexadecimal digits 0 9 and A F For example 12 34 56 78 90 AB CD EF 12 34 56 78 90 is a 128 bit WEP Key Note Typically 802 11 access points can store up to four 128 bit WEP Keys but some 802 11 client adapters can only store one Therefore make sure that your 802 11 access and client adapters configurations match D 6 Wireless Networking Basics M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 WEP Configuration Options The WEP settings must match on all 802 11 devices that are within the same wireless network as identified by the SSID In general if your mobile clients will roam between access points then all of the 802 11 access points and all of the 802 11 client adapters on the network must have the same WEP settings Note Whatever keys you enter for an AP you must also enter the same keys for the client adapter in the same order In other words WEP key 1 on the AP must match WEP key 1 on the client adapter WEP k
66. a service application or game If you do not see an item that you want to use in any of the lists check with the software or game developer for the correct port numbers to use For Internet Services Before starting you need to determine which type of services you will provide and the IP address of the computer that will provide those services The most common services you would provide are a Web HTTP server or FTP server To set up a computer or server to be accessible to the Internet for an Internet service 1 From the main menu under the Advanced heading select Port Forwarding Port Triggering 2 Select Port Forwarding to display the menu shown below Port Forwarding Port Trigger Port Forwarding Port Trigger Service Name Server IP Address SERVICES 192 168 0 Add FIP TELNET HTTP Name Start Port End Port Server IP Address PPTP IPSEC ESP lice Edit Service Delete Service NETMEETING CU SEEME HALF LIFE SEHN QUAKE III UNREAL Figure 7 1 Port Forwarding Menu 7 2 Advanced Configuration M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 3 Select the Internet service you want to use from the Service Name list If the service does not appear in the list refer to the section Adding a Port Forwarding Custom Service on page 7 3 4 Type the IP address of the computer in the Server IP Address box 5 Click the Add button No
67. acetsccatieseeceia teats seated she padupaceiaaaui pnt ausnay da ileal pains D 16 Supporting a Mixture of WPA and WEP Wireless Clients is Discouraged D 16 Changes to Wireless Access PONS scciirisccesccsecscaccauseciiesiieeeiaqeomeeiciientennetenees D 17 Changes to Wireless Network Adapters esssessssssssenesrnessrnsssnesseessresssrnssrns D 17 Changes to Wireless Client Programs sessssseseeesrrsesrnesnnssinessnesrenssresssnns D 18 Glossary LWT eee TEE peana a aa G 1 Index 6 Contents M 10153 01 Chapter 1 About This Manual This chapter describes the intended audience scope conventions and formats of this manual Audience Scope Conventions and Formats This reference manual assumes that the reader has basic to intermediate computer and Internet skills However basic computer network Internet firewall and VPN technologies tutorial information is provided in the Appendices and on the Netgear website This guide uses the following typographical conventions Table 1 1 Typographical Conventions italics Emphasis books CDs URL names bold User input courier font Screen text file and server names extensions commands IP addresses This guide uses the following formats to highlight special messages J Note This format is used to highlight information of importance or special interest This manual is written for the WGU624 wireless router according to these specifi
68. ach tab page For Windows 2000 XP open the Local Area Network Connection select the TCP IP entry for the Ethernet adapter and click Properties Record all the settings for each tab page For Macintosh computers open the TCP IP or Network control panel Record all the settings for each section e You may also refer to the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Router WGU624 Resource CD for the NETGEAR Router ISP Guide which provides Internet connection information for many ISPs Once you locate your Internet configuration parameters you may want to record them on the page below 3 2 Connecting the Router to the Internet M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Record Your Internet Connection Information Print this page Fill in the configuration parameters from your Internet Service Provider ISP ISP Login Name The login name and password are case sensitive and must be entered exactly as given by your ISP Some ISPs use your full e mail address as the login name The Service Name is not required by all ISPs If you connect using a login name and password then fill in the following Login Name Password Service Name Fixed or Static IP Address If you have a static IP address record the following information For example 169 254 141 148 could be a valid IP address Fixed or Static Internet IP Address Gateway IP Address Subnet Mask ISP DNS Server Addresses If you were given
69. age 3 3 c When the router successfully detects an active Internet service the router s Internet LED goes on The Setup Smart Wizard reports which connection type it discovered and displays the appropriate configuration menu If the Setup Smart Wizard finds no connection you will be prompted to check the physical connection between your router and the cable or DSL line d The Setup Smart Wizard will report the type of connection it finds and prompts you for the settings The options are e Connections that require a login using protocols such as PPTP Telstra Bigpond or PPPoE or Other broadband connections e Connections that use dynamic IP address assignment e Connections that use fixed IP address assignment e When the router successfully detects an active Internet service the router checks to see of there is a new version of firmware available If so you will be prompted to upgrade your firmware Take advantage of this opportunity to assure that your wireless router is up to date with the latest enhancements and features If you choose not to use the auto update feature you can check for new firmware by following the procedure in Upgrading the Router Software on page 6 5 Note Be sure to check the NETGEAR Web site for documentation updates which are gt available at http kbserver netgear com products WGU624 asp 3 8 Connecting the Router to the Internet M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108
70. alue of up to 32 alphanumeric characters In a setting where there is more than one wireless network different wireless network names provide a means for separating the traffic Any device you want to participate in a particular wireless network must use this SSID for that network The WGU624 default SSID is NETGEAR_1I1a Region This field identifies the region where the WGU624 can be used It may not be legal to operate the wireless features of the wireless router in a region other than one of those identified in this field Channel This field determines which operating frequency will be used It should not be necessary to change the wireless channel unless you notice interference problems with another nearby access point For more information on the wireless channel frequencies please refer to Wireless Channels on page D 7 Wireless Configuration 4 5 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Wireless Mode This field determines which data communications protocols will be used a only dedicates the WGU624 to communicating with 802 11a wireless devices exclusively 108 Mbps only only compatible 802 11a wireless stations that support 108 Mbps can connect Auto 108 Mbps all 802 11a and NETGEAR 108 Mbps wireless stations can be used Security Mode Open System allows any device to join the network assuming that the device SSID matches the router SSID Alternative
71. an copy and paste the MAC addresses from the router s Attached Devices menu into the MAC Address box of this menu To do this configure each wireless PC to obtain a Click Add to add this wireless device to the Wireless Card Access List The screen changes back to the list screen Repeat these steps for each additional device you wish to add to the list 4 Cards list displays 5 Click the Turn Access Control On check box 6 find the MAC address printed on the wireless adapter wireless link to the router The PC should then appear in the Attached Devices menu T 8 Be sure to click Apply to save your wireless access control list settings Now only devices on this list will be allowed to wirelessly connect to the WGU624 4 16 Wireless Configuration M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Configuring WEP To configure WEP data encryption follow these steps Note If you use a wireless PC to configure the WEP settings you will be disconnected lt when you click Apply You must then either configure your wireless adapter to match the wireless router WEP settings or access the wireless router from a wired PC to make any further changes 1 Log in to the WGU6724 at its default LAN address of http 192 168 1 with its default user name of admin and default password of password or using whatever LAN address and password you have set up 2 Click the Wi
72. an tell if a Web site is using SSL because the Web address begins with HTTPS rather than HTTP Wireless Configuration 4 9 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Security Mode Selection Security Configuration Security mode Open System vi Cipher Type Disable WEP AES TKIP Figure 4 4 Encryption Strength The WGU624 lets you select the following wireless security modes with the WEP Cypher Type e Open System With Open Network Authentication and 64 128 or 152 bit WEP data encryption the WGU624 performs data encryption but does not perform any authentication e Shared Key Encrypts the SSID and data Choose the Encryption Strength 64 128 or 152 bit data encryption Manually enter the key values or enter a word or group of printable characters in the Passphrase box Manually entered keys are case sensitive but Passphrase characters are not case sensitive Note Not all wireless adapter configuration utilities support Passphrase key generation gt Note The security mode is separate from the data encryption cipher type You m lt can choose the Shared Key security mode but still leave the data transmissions unencrypted If you require strong security use both the Shared Key and WEP encryption settings Be sure to set your wireless adapter according to the authentication scheme you choose for the WGU6 24 wireless router Please refer to
73. ansfer Control Protocol TCP form TCP IP TLS Short for Transport Layer Security TLS is a protocol that guarantees privacy and data integrity between client server applications communicating over the Internet Glossary 9 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 The TLS protocol is made up of two layers The TLS Record Protocol ensures that a connection is private by using symmetric data encryption and ensures that the connection is reliable The second TLS layer is the TLS Handshake Protocol which allows authentication between the server and client and the negotiation of an encryption algorithm and cryptographic keys before data is transmitted or received Based on Netscape s SSL 3 0 TLS supercedes and is an extension of SSL TLS and SSL are not interoperable Universal Plug and Play UPnP A networking architecture that provides compatibility among networking technology UPnP compliant routers provide broadband users at home and small businesses with a seamless way to participate in online games videoconferencing and other peer to peer services UTP Unshielded twisted pair is the cable used by 10BASE T and 100OBASE Tx Ethernet networks VCI Virtual Channel Identifier Together with the VPI defines a Virtual Channel through an ATM network Used by ATM switching equipment to route data through the network VPI Virtual Path Identifier Together with the VCI defines a Virtual Channel
74. asses have different ways of determining the network and host sections of the address allowing for different numbers of hosts on a network Each address type begins with a unique bit pattern which is used by the TCP IP software to identify the address class After the address class has been determined the software can correctly identify the host section of the address The following figure shows the three main address classes including network and host sections of the address for each address type Class A a Network Node Class B Network Node Class C Network Node Figure B 1 Three Main Address Classes The five address classes are e Class A Class A addresses can have up to 16 777 214 hosts on a single network They use an eight bit network number and a 24 bit node number Class A addresses are in this range TERLI to 1266x x 4 Ks e Class B Class B addresses can have up to 65 354 hosts on a network A Class B address uses a 16 bit network number and a 16 bit node number Class B addresses are in this range L284 VAR xX ho VILE 2I ER Ee e Class C Class C addresses can have 254 hosts on a network Class C addresses use 24 bits for the network address and eight bits for the node They are in this range T924 OT PO 223 2501 2O AR Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 3 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 e Class D C
75. avesdropper e WPA PSK Wi Fi Protected Access WPA data encryption provides strong data security WPA PSK will block eavesdropping Because this is a new standard wireless device driver and software availability may be limited e Turn Off the Wireless LAN If you disable the wireless LAN wireless devices cannot communicate with the router at all You might choose to turn off the wireless the LAN when you are away and the others in the household all use wired connections Wireless Mode Options The following table shows the 802 11a and 802 11b g settings for each Wireless Mode Table 4 1 Wireless Mode Options Wireless Mode 11a Setting 11g Setting 802 11b g modes any b only run in 802 11b mode only g b run in normal g b mode g only run in 802 11g mode only Auto Super G 108 Mbps run in Auto 108 Mbps Super G 108 Mbps only run in 108 Mbps only 802 11 a modes any a only run in normal a mode only Auto Super A 108 Mbps run in Auto 108 Mbps Super A 108 Mbps only run in 108 Mbps only Wireless Configuration 4 3 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Default Basic Wireless Settings When you first receive your WGU624 the default factory settings in effect are shown in the table below You can restore these defaults with the factory default reset button on the rear panel Table 4 2 Default Wireless Settings FEATURE DEFAULT SETTINGS Wireless Acc
76. between 192 168 1 2 and 192 168 1 254 e The subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 Preparing Your Network M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 e The default gateway is 192 168 1 1 4 Type exit Configuring the Macintosh for TCP IP Networking Beginning with Macintosh Operating System 7 TCP IP is already installed on the Macintosh On each networked Macintosh you will need to configure TCP IP to use DHCP MacOS 8 6 or 9 x 1 From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP The TCP IP Control Panel opens TCP IP Connect via Ethernet Setup Configure Using DHCP Server DHCP Client ID IP Address lt will be supplied by server gt Subnet mask lt will be supplied by server gt Router address lt will be supplied by server gt Search domains Name server addr lt will be supplied by server gt 2 2 From the Connect via box select your Macintosh s Ethernet interface 3 From the Configure box select Using DHCP Server You can leave the DHCP Client ID box empty 4 Close the TCP IP Control Panel on Repeat this for each Macintosh on your network C 16 Preparing Your Network M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 MacOS X 1 From the Apple menu choose System Preferences then Network If not already select
77. bout specifying the correct range of pages e Printing a Chapter Use the PDF of This Chapter link at the top right of any page Click PDF of This Chapter link at the top right of any page in the chapter you want to print The PDF version of the chapter you were viewing opens in a browser window Note Your computer must have the free Adobe Acrobat reader installed in order to view and print PDF files The Acrobat reader is available on the Adobe Web site at http www adobe com Click the print icon in the upper left of the window Tip If your printer supports printing two pages on a single sheet of paper you can save paper an printer ink by selecting this feature e Printing the Full Manual Use the PDF button in the toolbar at the top right of the browser window Click the PDF button on the upper right of the toolbar The PDF version of the chapter you were viewing opens in a browser window Click the print icon in the upper left of the window Tip If your printer supports printing two pages on a single sheet of paper you can save paper an printer ink by selecting this feature About This Manual 3 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 4 About This Manual M 10153 01 Chapter 2 Introduction Congratulations on your purchase of the NETGEAR Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 The WGU624 wireless router provides connection for multip
78. btain an IP address from the ISP the problem may be one of the following e Your ISP may require a login program Ask your ISP whether they require PPP over Ethernet PPPoE or some other type of login e If your ISP requires a login you may have incorrectly set the login name and password e Your ISP may check for your PC s host name Assign the PC Host Name of your ISP account as the Account Name in the Basic Settings menu e Your ISP only allows one Ethernet MAC address to connect to Internet and may check for your PC s MAC address In this case Inform your ISP that you have bought a new network device and ask them to use the router s MAC address 8 4 Troubleshooting M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 OR Configure your router to spoof your PC s MAC address This can be done in the Basic Settings menu Refer to How to Manually Configure Your Internet Connection on page 3 9 If your router can obtain an IP address but your PC is unable to load any Web pages from the Internet e Your PC may not recognize any DNS server addresses A DNS server is a host on the Internet that translates Internet names such as www addresses to numeric IP addresses Typically your ISP will provide the addresses of one or two DNS servers for your use If you entered a DNS address during the router s configuration reboot your PC and verify the DNS address as described in V
79. cations Table 1 2 Manual Scope Product Version Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Manual Publication Date September 2004 Note Product updates are available on the NETGEAR Inc Web site at http kbserver netgear com products WGU624 asp gt About This Manual 1 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 How to Use This Manual The HTML version of this manual includes a variety of navigation features as well as links to PDF versions of the full manual and individual chapters Gee index soaren e Chapter 1 About This Manual PDF of This Chapter e Chapter 2 Introduction O Chapter 3 Basic Installation and Configu Observing Placement and Range Guid Chapter 3 a Nan Basic Installation and Configuration Understanding WG602 v2 Wireless Se Installing the 54 Mbps Wireless Acce Two Ways to Log In to the WG602 v This chapter describes how to set up your 54 Mbps Wireless Access Point WG602 v2 for wireless connectivity to your LAN This basic configuration will enable computers with 802 11b or 802 11g wireless adapters to do such things as connect to Understanding Wireless Security Opti the Internet or access printers and files on your LAN Using the Basic IP Settings Options 3 Understanding the Basic Wireless Set How to Configure WEP Wireless Seci Figure 1 1 HTML version of this manual 1 Left pane Use the left
80. connect a computer to the router This computer has to be set to automatically get its TCP IP configuration from the router via DHCP Connecting the Router to the Internet 3 1 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Note For help with DHCP configuration please use the Windows TCP IP Configuration Tutorials on the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Router WGU624 Resource CD or refer to Appendix C Preparing Your Network Internet Configuration Requirements Depending on how your ISP set up your Internet account you will need one or more of these configuration parameters to connect your router to the Internet e Host and Domain Names e ISP Login Name and Password e ISP Domain Name Server DNS Addresses e Fixed IP Address which is also known as Static IP Address Where Do Get the Internet Configuration Parameters There are several ways you can gather the required Internet connection information e Your ISP provides all the information needed to connect to the Internet If you cannot locate this information you can ask your ISP to provide it or you can try one of the options below e Ifyou have a computer already connected using the active Internet access account you can gather the configuration information from that computer For Windows 95 98 ME open the Network control panel select the TCP IP entry for the Ethernet adapter and click Properties Record all the settings for e
81. dg_ g lights should be lit The router s local LAN lights 4 are lit for any computers that are connected to it The router s Internet light P gt is lit indicating a link has been established to the cable or DSL modem Note For wireless placement and range guidelines and wireless configuration instructions please see Chapter 4 Wireless Configuration 3 OPEN A BROWSER AND LOG IN TO THE WIRELESS ROUTER Note To connect to the router your computer needs to be configured to obtain an IP address automatically via DHCP If you need instructions on how to do this please refer to Appendix C Preparing Your Network a Connect to the router by typing ttp 192 168 1 1 in the address field of Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator b For security reasons the router has its own user name and password When prompted enter admin for the router user name and password for the router password both in lower case letters Note The router user name and password are not the same as any user name or password you may use to log in to your Internet connection 3 6 Connecting the Router to the Internet M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 The login window is displayed below Connect to 192 168 0 1 A WGU624 User name admin Password eeccccce Remember my password Figure 3 4 Login window c Click OK Note If you cannot connect
82. dvanced Wireless Settings FEATURE 802 11a 802 11g SSID Broadcast Enabled Enabled Super A Super G mode Enabled Enabled eXtended Range Enabled Enabled Adaptive Radio not applicable Disabled Transmit Power Max Max Fragmentation Threshold 2346 2346 CRS RTS Threshold 2346 2346 Preamble Mode Automatic Automatic DTIM 1 1 Wireless Configuration 4 19 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Configuring Advanced 802 11a Wireless Settings From the main menu click Advanced a Wireless Settings to view the configuration menu shown below Advanced 11a Wireless Settings Wireless Router Settings M Enable SSID Broadcast V Enable Super A Mode v Enable eXtended Range xR Transmit Power Max Fragmentation Threshold 256 2346 CTSIRTS Threshold 256 2346 2346 DTIM 1 5 1 Wireless Card Access List Setup Access List Figure 4 10 Advanced 802 11a Wireless Settings e Enable SSID Broadcast allow Broadcast of Network Name SSID If you disable broadcast of the SSID only devices that have the correct SSID can connect Disabling SSID broadcast nullifies the wireless network discovery feature of some products such as Windows XP e Enable Super A Mode if enabled the Wireless Router will enable data compression packet bursting and large frame support e Enable eXtended Range eXtended Range XR technology provides significantly l
83. e DNS Servers Primary DNS 192 168 o h Secondary DNS o o o f Apply Cancel Test Figure 3 8 Other PPPoE menu To configure your Internet service connection for Other PPPoE fill in the following fields e Enter the Login and Password as provided by your ISP These fields are case sensitive e To change the login timeout enter a new value in minutes This determines how long the router keeps the Internet connection active after there is no Internet activity from the LAN Entering a timeout value of zero means never log out e If you know that your ISP does not automatically transmit DNS addresses to the router during login select Use these DNS servers and enter the IP address of your ISP s Primary DNS Server If a Secondary DNS Server address is available enter it also Note If you enter DNS addresses restart your computers so that these settings take effect e Click Apply to save your settings e Click Test to verify that your Internet connection works If the NETGEAR Web site does not appear within one minute refer to Chapter 8 Troubleshooting 3 12 Connecting the Router to the Internet M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Manual PPTP Configuration If your ISP uses PPTP select PPTP for the Internet Service Provider in the Basic Settings menu and you will see the following menu Basic Settings Does Your Internet Connection Requi
84. e default gateway as described in Verifying TCP IP Properties on page C 6 Check to see that the network address of your PC the portion of the IP address specified by the netmask is different from the network address of the remote device Check that your cable or DSL modem is connected and functioning 8 6 Troubleshooting M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 If your ISP assigned a host name to your PC enter that host name as the Account Name in the Basic Settings menu Your ISP could be rejecting the Ethernet MAC addresses of all but one of your PCs Many broadband ISPs restrict access by only allowing traffic from the MAC address of your broadband modem but some ISPs additionally restrict access to the MAC address of a single PC connected to that modem If this is the case you must configure your router to clone or spoof the MAC address from the authorized PC Refer to How to Manually Configure Your Internet Connection on page 3 9 Restoring the Default Configuration and Password This section explains how to restore the factory default configuration settings changing the WGU624 s administration password to password and the IP address to 192 168 1 1 You can erase the current configuration and restore factory defaults in two ways e Use the Erase function of the router see Erasing the Configuration on page 6 8 e Use the defa
85. e for the wireless link is 11 Mbps but it will automatically back down from 11 Mbps to 5 5 2 and 1 Mbps when the radio signal is weak or when interference is detected The 802 11g auto rate sensing rates are 1 2 5 5 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbps The 802 11 standard is also called Wireless Ethernet or Wi Fi by the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance WECA see hitp www wi fi net an industry standard group promoting interoperability among 802 11 devices The 802 11 standard offers two methods for configuring a wireless network ad hoc and infrastructure Infrastructure Mode With a wireless Access Point you can operate the wireless LAN in the infrastructure mode This mode provides wireless connectivity to multiple wireless network devices within a fixed range or area of coverage interacting with wireless nodes via an antenna Wireless Networking Basics D 1 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 In the infrastructure mode the wireless access point converts airwave data into wired Ethernet data acting as a bridge between the wired LAN and wireless clients Connecting multiple Access Points via a wired Ethernet backbone can further extend the wireless network coverage As a mobile computing device moves out of the range of one access point it moves into the range of another As a result wireless clients can freely roam from one Access Point domain to another and st
86. e network This process is illustrated in below Open System Authentication Steps 1 Authentication request sent to AP ss 2 AP authenticates Access Point AP NETGEAR se p De oes i T pa INTERNET Cable or r DLS modem az 3 Client connects to network Client attempting to connect Servers PC s Figure 6 1 Open system authentication Shared Key Authentication The following steps occur when two devices use Shared Key Authentication 1 The station sends an authentication request to the access point 2 The access point sends challenge text to the station 3 The station uses its configured 64 bit or 128 bit default key to encrypt the challenge text and sends the encrypted text to the access point 4 The access point decrypts the encrypted text using its configured WEP Key that corresponds to the station s default key The access point compares the decrypted text with the original challenge text If the decrypted text matches the original challenge text then the access point and the station share the same WEP Key and the access point authenticates the station D 4 Wireless Networking Basics M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 5 The station connects to the network If the decrypted text does not match the original challenge text i e the access point and station do not share the same WEP Key
87. e security features which are covered in detail in this chapter Deploy the security features appropriate to your needs Wireless Data WGU624 Security Options I m Range up to 300 foot radius A I 1 Open system easy but no security i 2 MAC access list no data security 3 WEP security but some performance impact 4 WPA PSK very strong security Figure 4 1 WGU624 wireless data security options There are several ways you can enhance the security of you wireless network e Restrict Access Based on MAC Address You can restrict access to only trusted PCs so that unknown PCs cannot wirelessly connect to the WGU624 MAC address filtering adds an obstacle against unwanted access to your network but the data broadcast over the wireless link is fully exposed e Turn Off the Broadcast of the Wireless Network Name SSID If you disable broadcast of the SSID only devices that have the correct SSID can connect This nullifies the wireless network discovery feature of some products such as Windows XP but the data is still fully exposed to a determined snoop using specialized test equipment like wireless sniffers 4 2 Wireless Configuration M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 e WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP data encryption provides data security WEP Shared Key authentication and WEP data encryption will block all but the most determined e
88. ea Conneq Network Tasks Disable fa Create a new connection Repair amp Disable this network device Bridge Connections Q Repair this connection fai Rename this connection Greets shore e Now the Network Connection window View status of this 3 1 connection enone disp ays Change settings of this Properties connection The Connections List that shows all the network connections set up on the PC located to the right of the window Details Other Places e Right click on the Connection you will use and choose Status C 8 Preparing Your Network M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Local Area Connection Status General Support e Now you should be at the Local Area ae a Network Connection Status window This Status Connected box displays the connection status duration Duration Chet speed and activity statistics sacs eee e Administrator logon access rights are needed ae to use this window RA Sea ZAN Received e Click the Properties button to view details Packets 138143 243 057 about the connection 4 Local Area Connection Properties e The TCP IP details are presented on the General aubenlicaton ladvenced Support tab page Connect using E9 Intel R PRO 100 VE Network Connection e Select Internet Protocol and click Properties to view the configuration information This connection uses the following
89. eature is not enabled The DMZ port feature is helpful when using some online games and videoconferencing applications that are incompatible with NAT The router is programmed to recognize some of these applications and to work properly with them but there are other applications that may not function well In some cases one local PC can run the application properly if that PC is connected directly to LAN port 4 as the default DMZ server Note DMZ servers pose a security risk A computer designated as the default DMZ C A server loses much of the protection of the firewall and is exposed to exploits from the Internet However the WGU624 provides a hardware DMZ port which is much more secure than a software solution When enabled the DMZ port is in a separate LAN sector from the other LAN ports including the Wireless LAN Incoming traffic from the Internet is normally discarded by the router unless the traffic is a response to one of your local computers or a service that you have configured in the Ports menu Instead of discarding this traffic you can have it forwarded to one computer on your network This computer is called the default DMZ server To forward traffic to the DMZ server 1 From the Main Menu of the browser interface under Advanced click Port Forwarding Port Triggering 2 Select Port Forwarding to display the Port Forwarding menu 3 Select the Internet service you want to forward from the Service Name li
90. eccecseeccsssesecsaeecsssseeesseseessesessteees BOD Neas sninn R Subnet Addressing Private IP Addresses X E E A VE A A E T Single IP Address orendi Using N NAT sesso Donon MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol Related SUITING isinsin Domain IP Configuration by DHCP Internet yds ana PANS ci ceceroctitiasenteicecannteceiasetnssrasdanetbouisamrecs tiddacnesuiaunieeriie Boe Nane el acess oiecsnceevccttecatta case textes aaa EO Stateful Packet Inspection Denial of Semice AIG ireren a is Seater EN Ethernet Cabling Category 5 Cabl l Inside Twisted Pair Babies i TE E Uplink Switches Crossover Stine and J MDI MDIX UAC aunis 0 Appendix C Preparing Your Network Preparing Your Computers for TCP IP Networking Configuring Windows 95 98 and Me for TCP IP Networking eee g Install or Verify Windows Networking Components s sssssssssisieisnsrsinisisnsnsnseieee C 2 Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP IP Settings Selecting Windows Internet Access Method 4 Contents M 10153 01 Verifying TCP IP Properties Configuring Windows NT4 2000 or XP for IF Install or Verify Windows Networking Compon m ia er ee DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP 2000 ONTE ioira OG DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP EE EEE E DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows 2000 EAE A EE ER DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows
91. ed select Built in Ethernet in the Configure list If not already selected Select Using DHCP in the TCP IP tab Click Save PN Verifying TCP IP Properties for Macintosh Computers After your Macintosh is configured and has rebooted you can check the TCP IP configuration by returning to the TCP IP Control Panel From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP o E TCP IP H Connect via Ethernet Setup Configure Using DHCP Server DHCP Client ID IP Address 192 168 0 2 Subnet mask 255 255 255 0 Router address 192 168 0 1 Search domains Name server addr 192 168 0 1 The panel is updated to show your settings which should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends e The IP Address is between 192 168 1 2 and 192 168 1 254 e The Subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 The Router address is 192 168 1 1 If you do not see these values you may need to restart your Macintosh or you may need to switch the Configure setting to a different option then back again to Using DHCP Server Preparing Your Network C 17 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Verifying the Readiness of Your Internet Account For broadband access to the Internet you need to contract with an Internet service provider ISP for a single user Internet
92. ed for this purpose IPSec Internet Protocol Security IPSec is a series of guidelines for securing private information transmitted over public networks IPSec is a VPN method providing a higher level of security than PPTP IPX Short for Internetwork Packet Exchange a networking protocol used by the Novell NetWare operating systems Like UDP IP IPX is a datagram protocol used for connectionless communications Higher level protocols such as SPX and NCP are used for additional error recovery services ISP Internet service provider Internet Protocol The main internetworking protocol used in the Internet Used in conjunction with the Transfer Control Protocol TCP to form TCP IP LAN A communications network serving users within a limited area such as one floor of a building LDAP A set of protocols for accessing information directories Lightweight Directory Access Protocol LDAP A set of protocols for accessing information directories LDAP is based on the standards contained within the X 500 standard but is significantly simpler And unlike X 500 LDAP supports TCP IP which is necessary for any type of Internet access Because it s a simpler version of X 500 LDAP is sometimes called X 500 lite local area network LAN A communications network serving users within a limited area such as one floor of a building Glossary 5 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 A
93. edoch gewissen Beschr nkungen unterliegen Lesen Sie dazu bitte die Anmerkungen in der Betriebsanleitung Das Bundesamt f r Zulassungen in der Telekommunikation wurde davon unterrichtet da dieses Ger t auf den Markt gebracht wurde und es ist berechtigt die Serie auf die Erf llung der Vorschriften hin zu berpr fen Certificate of the Manufacturer Importer It is hereby certified that the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 has been suppressed in accordance with the conditions set out in the BMPT AmtsblVfg 243 1991 and Vfg 46 1992 The operation of some equipment for example test transmitters in accordance with the regulations may however be subject to certain restrictions Please refer to the notes in the operating instructions Federal Office for Telecommunications Approvals has been notified of the placing of this equipment on the market and has been granted the right to test the series for compliance with the regulations Voluntary Control Council for Interference VCCI Statement This equipment is in the second category information equipment to be used in a residential area or an adjacent area thereto and conforms to the standards set by the Voluntary Control Council for Interference by Data Processing Equipment and Electronic Office Machines aimed at preventing radio interference in such residential areas When used near a radio or TV receiver it may become the cause of radio interference Read instructions for
94. een networks An IP router forwards data based on IP source and destination addresses Routing Information Protocol RIP A protocol in which routers periodically exchange information with one another so that they can determine minimum distance paths between sources and destinations 8 Glossary M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 router A device that forwards data between networks An IP router forwards data based on IP source and destination addresses SSID A Service Set Identification is a thirty two character maximum alphanumeric key identifying a wireless local area network For the wireless devices in a network to communicate with each other all devices must be configured with the same SSID This is typically the configuration parameter for a wireless PC card It corresponds to the ESSID in the wireless Access Point and to the wireless network name See also Wireless Network Name and ESSID Subnet Mask A mask used to determine what subnet an IP address belongs to Subnetting enables a network administrator to further divide an IP address into two or more subnets An IP address has two components the network address and the host address For example consider the IP address 150 215 017 009 Assuming this is part of a Class B network the first two numbers 150 215 represent the Class B network address and the second two numbers 017 009 identify a particular host on this n
95. er WGU624 The primary information conveyed in the Beacon frames is the authentication method and the cipher suite Possible authentication methods include 802 1X and Pre shared key Pre shared key is an authentication method that uses a statically configured pass phrase on both the stations and the access point This obviates the need for an authentication server which in many home and small office environments will not be available nor desirable Possible cipher suites include WEP TKIP and AES Advanced Encryption Standard We talk more about TKIP and AES when addressing data privacy below e Authentication EAP over 802 1X is used for authentication Mutual authentication is gained by choosing an EAP type supporting this feature and is required by WPA 802 1X port access control prevents full access to the network until authentication completes 802 1X EAPOL Key packets are used by WPA to distribute per session keys to those stations successfully authenticated The supplicant in the station uses the authentication and cipher suite information contained in the information elements to decide which authentication method and cipher suite to use For example if the access point is using the pre shared key method then the supplicant need not authenticate using full blown 802 1X Rather the supplicant must simply prove to the access point that it is in possession of the pre shared key If the supplicant detects that the service set does not contai
96. er can possibly obtain information about your network or at the least can disrupt your Internet access A greater degree of protection is provided by a firewall router B 10 Network Routing Firewall and Basics M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 What is a Firewall A firewall is a device that protects one network from another while allowing communication between the two A firewall incorporates the functions of the NAT router while adding features for dealing with a hacker intrusion or attack Several known types of intrusion or attack can be recognized when they occur When an incident is detected the firewall can log details of the attempt and can optionally send email to an administrator notifying them of the incident Using information from the log the administrator can take action with the ISP of the hacker In some types of intrusions the firewall can fend off the hacker by discarding all further packets from the hacker s IP address for a period of time Stateful Packet Inspection Unlike simple Internet sharing routers a firewall uses a process called stateful packet inspection to ensure secure firewall filtering to protect your network from attacks and intrusions Since user level applications such as FTP and Web browsers can create complex patterns of network traffic it is necessary for the firewall to analyze groups of network connection states Using Stateful Packet In
97. erifying TCP IP Properties on page C 6 Alternatively you may configure your PC manually with DNS addresses as explained in your operating system documentation e Your PC may not have the router configured as its TCP IP gateway If your PC obtains its information from the router by DHCP reboot the PC and verify the gateway address as described in Verifying TCP IP Properties on page C 6 Troubleshooting a TCP IP Network Using a Ping Utility Most TCP IP terminal devices and routers contain a ping utility that sends an echo request packet to the designated device The device then responds with an echo reply Troubleshooting a TCP IP network is made very easy by using the ping utility in your PC or workstation Testing the LAN Path to the WGU624 You can ping the router from your PC to verify that the LAN path to your router is set up correctly To ping the router from a PC running Windows 95 or later 1 From the Windows toolbar click on the Start button and select Run 2 Inthe field provided type Ping followed by the IP address of the router as in this example ping 192 168 1 1 3 Click OK You should see a message like this one Pinging lt IP address gt with 32 bytes of data Troubleshooting 8 5 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 If the path is working you see this message Reply from lt IP address gt bytes 32 time NN ms TTL xxx If the path is n
98. es Description Allows other computers to access resources on your computer using a Microsoft network I Show icon in taskbar when connected OK Cancel Preparing Your Network M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows NT4 Once you have installed the network card you need to configure the TCP IP environment for Windows NT 4 0 Follow this procedure to configure TCP IP with DHCP in Windows NT 4 0 e Choose Settings from the Start Menu and then select Control Panel This will display Control Panel window Network 2 x Identification Services Protocols Adapters Bindings fl Windows uses the following information to identify your A Fi A computer on the network You may change the name for s Double click the Network icon in the a this computer and the workgroup or domain that it will appear in Control Panel window Computer Name DOCBERTNT The Network panel will display Workgroup emoa e Select the Protocols tab to continue OK Cancel Preparing Your Network C 13 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Network 27x Identification Services Protocols Adapters Bindings Network Protocols e Highlight the TCP IP Protocol in the FTICPAP Protocol Network Protocols box and clic
99. es like Quake III or to use Internet applications like CUseeMe e Port Forwarding is designed for FTP Web Server or other server based services Once port forwarding is set up requests from the Internet are forwarded to the proper server e Port triggering only allows requests from the Internet after a designated port is triggered Port triggering applies to chat and Internet games Port Triggering opens an incoming port temporarily and does not require the server on the Internet to track your IP address if it is changed by DHCP for example Port Triggering monitors outbound traffic When the router detects traffic on the specified outbound port it remembers the IP address of the computer that sent the data and triggers the incoming port Incoming traffic on the triggered port is then forwarded to the triggering computer Advanced Configuration 7 1 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Configuring Port Forwarding For the services applications or games that already exist in the pull down list you only need to specify the computer s IP address Otherwise the port number and computer s IP address for each service game or application should be specified by clicking the Add Custom Service button Port Assignment You can make up to 20 different port assignments for Internet services applications or games In the Service Name lists you can select either
100. es can result in significant performance degradation or inability to wirelessly connect to the router For complete range performance specifications please see Appendix A Technical Specifications gt For best results place your router e Near the center of the area in which your PCs will operate e Inan elevated location such as a high shelf where the wirelessly connected PCs have line of sight access even if through walls e Away from sources of interference such as PCs microwaves and 2 4 GHz cordless phones e Away from large metal surfaces The time it takes to establish a wireless connection can vary depending on both your security settings and placement WEP connections can take slightly longer to establish Also WEP encryption can consume more battery power on a notebook PC Wireless Configuration 4 1 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Implementing Appropriate Wireless Security Note Indoors computers can connect over 802 11b g wireless networks at ranges of up to 300 feet Such distances can allow for others outside of your immediate area to access your network gt Unlike wired network data your wireless data transmissions can be received well beyond your walls by anyone with a compatible adapter For this reason use the security features of your wireless equipment The WGU624 wireless router provides highly effectiv
101. es of WPA Security The following security features are included in the WPA standard e WPA Authentication e WPA Encryption Key Management Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP Michael message integrity code MIC AES Support to be phased in e Support for a Mixture of WPA and WEP Wireless Clients but mixing WEP and WPA is discouraged These features are discussed below WPA addresses most of the known WEP vulnerabilities and is primarily intended for wireless infrastructure networks as found in the enterprise This infrastructure includes stations access points and authentication servers typically RADIUS servers The RADIUS server holds or has access to user credentials for example user names and passwords and authenticates wireless users before they gain access to the network The strength of WPA comes from an integrated sequence of operations that encompass 802 1X EAP authentication and sophisticated key management and encryption techniques Its major operations include e Network security capability determination This occurs at the 802 11 level and is communicated through WPA information elements in Beacon Probe Response and Re Association Requests Information in these elements includes the authentication method 802 1X or Pre shared key and the preferred cipher suite WEP TKIP or AES D 10 Wireless Networking Basics M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Rout
102. ess Control The following network components are installed E Client for Microsoft Networks NETGEAR FA310TX Fast Ethernet PCI Adapter Primary Network Logon Client for Microsoft Networks x Eile and Print Sharing Description You must have an Ethernet adapter the TCP IP protocol and Client for Microsoft Networks Note It is not necessary to remove any other network components shown in the Network window in order to install the adapter TCP IP or Client for Microsoft Networks gt If you need to install a new adapter follow these steps a Click the Add button b Select Adapter and then click Add c Select the manufacturer and model of your Ethernet adapter and then click OK If you need TCP IP a Click the Add button b Select Protocol and then click Add c Select Microsoft d Select TCP IP and then click OK Preparing Your Network C 3 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 If you need Client for Microsoft Networks a b c d Click the Add button Select Client and then click Add Select Microsoft Select Client for Microsoft Networks and then click OK 3 Restart your PC for the changes to take effect Enabling DHCP to Automatically Configure TCP IP Settings After the TCP IP protocol components are installed each PC must be assigned specific information about itself and reso
103. ess Point Enabled Wireless Access List MAC Filtering All wireless stations allowed SSID broadcast Enabled SSID NETGEAR_11g for 802 119 NETGEAR_11a for 802 11a 11b g RF Channel 11 11a RF Channel 36 Mode g and b for 802 11g a only for 802 11a Authentication Type WPA PSK WPA PSK passphrase NETGEAR ULTRA G After you install the WGU624 wireless router use the procedures below to customize any of the settings to better meet your networking needs Basic 802 11a Wireless Settings To configure the 802 11a wireless settings of your router click the Wireless a link in the main menu of the browser interface The Wireless 802 11a Settings menu appears as shown in Wireless 802 11a Settings menu on page 4 5 4 4 Wireless Configuration M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Wireless Settings V Enable 5GHz 54Mbps 802 114 Radio Wireless Network Name SSID NETGEAR_11a as Region USA vi Channel Wireless Mode Security Configuration Security mode Open System Cipher Type Disable WEP AES TKIP Security Encryption WEP Key Encryption Strength Disable v Passphrase key 1 key 2 key 3 key 4 Figure 4 2 Wireless 802 11a Settings menu The following options are available for the 802 11a configuration Name SSID The SSID is also known as the wireless network name Enter a v
104. et connection manually or I want to connect through a Local Area Network and click Next 4 Select I want to connect through a Local Area Network and click Next 5 Uncheck all boxes in the LAN Internet Configuration screen and click Next 6 Proceed to the end of the Wizard Verifying TCP IP Properties After your PC is configured and has rebooted you can check the TCP IP configuration using the utility winipcfg exe 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button and then click Run C 6 Preparing Your Network M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Type winipefg and then click OK The IP Configuration window opens which lists among other things your IP address subnet mask and default gateway From the drop down box select your Ethernet adapter The window is updated to show your settings which should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends for connecting through a router or gateway e The IP address is between 192 168 1 2 and 192 168 1 254 e The subnet mask is 255 255 255 0 e The default gateway is 192 168 1 1 Configuring Windows NT4 2000 or XP for IP Networking As part of the PC preparation process you may need to install and configure TCP IP on each networked PC Before starting locate your Windows CD you may need to insert it during the TCP IP installation process Ins
105. etwork Subnetting enables the network administrator to further divide the host part of the address into two or more subnets In this case a part of the host address is reserved to identify the particular subnet This is easier to see if we show the IP address in binary format The full address is 10010110 11010111 00010001 00001001 The Class B network part is 10010110 11010111 and the host address is 00010001 00001001 If this network is divided into 14 subnets however then the first 4 bits of the host address 0001 are reserved for identifying the subnet The subnet mask is the network address plus the bits reserved for identifying the subnetwork By convention the bits for the network address are all set to 1 though it would also work if the bits were set exactly as in the network address In this case therefore the subnet mask would be 11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000 It s called a mask because it can be used to identify the subnet to which an IP address belongs by performing a bitwise AND operation on the mask and the IP address The result is the subnetwork address Subnet Mask 255 255 240 000 11111111 11111111 11110000 00000000 IP Address 150 215 017 009 10010110 11010111 00010001 00001001 Subnet Address 150 215 016 000 10010110 11010111 00010000 00000000 The subnet address therefore is 150 215 016 000 TCP IP The main internetworking protocols used in the Internet The Internet Protocol IP used in conjunction with the Tr
106. ey the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP changes the key for every frame and the change is synchronized between the wireless client and the wireless access point AP For the global encryption key WPA includes a facility the Information Element for the wireless AP to advertise the changed key to the connected wireless clients If configured to implement dynamic key exchange the 802 1x authentication server can return session keys to the access point along with the accept message The access point uses the session keys to build sign and encrypt an EAP key message that is sent to the client immediately after sending the success message The client can then use contents of the key message to define applicable encryption keys In typical 802 1x implementations the client can automatically change encryption keys as often as necessary to minimize the possibility of eavesdroppers having enough time to crack the key in current use D 14 Wireless Networking Basics M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP WPA uses TKIP to provide important data encryption enhancements including a per packet key mixing function a message integrity check MIC named Michael an extended initialization vector IV with sequencing rules and a re keying mechanism TKIP also provides for the following e The verification of the security configuration after the encryption ke
107. ey 2 on the AP must match WEP key 2 on the client adapter etc Note The AP and the client adapters can have different default WEP Keys as long as the keys are in the same order In other words the AP can use WEP key 2 as its default key to transmit while a client adapter can use WEP key 3 as its default key to transmit The two devices will communicate as long as the AP s WEP key 2 is the same as the client s WEP key 2 and the AP s WEP key 3 is the same as the client s WEP key 3 Wireless Channels IEEE 802 11 wireless nodes communicate with each other using radio frequency signals in the ISM Industrial Scientific and Medical band between 2 4 GHz and 2 5 GHz Neighboring channels are 5 MHz apart However due to spread spectrum effect of the signals a node sending signals using a particular channel will utilize frequency spectrum 12 5 MHz above and below the center channel frequency As a result two separate wireless networks using neighboring channels for example channel 1 and channel 2 in the same general vicinity will interfere with each other Applying two channels that allow the maximum channel separation will decrease the amount of channel crosstalk and provide a noticeable performance increase over networks with minimal channel separation Wireless Networking Basics D 7 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 The radio frequency channels used are listed in Table 6 1
108. formation appears in the Search domains information box write it down 6 Change the Configure setting to Using DHCP Server 7 Close the TCP IP Control Panel C 20 Preparing Your Network M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Restarting the Network Once you ve set up your computers to work with the firewall you must reset the network for the devices to be able to communicate correctly Restart any computer that is connected to the firewall After configuring all of your computers for TCP IP networking and restarting them and connecting them to the local network of your WGU624 wireless router you are ready to access and configure the firewall Preparing Your Network C 21 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 C 22 Preparing Your Network M 10153 01 Appendix D Wireless Networking Basics This chapter provides an overview of Wireless networking Wireless Networking Overview The WGU624 wireless router conforms to the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers IEEE 802 11 standard for wireless LANs WLANs and a product update will bring the WGU6 24 into conformance to the 802 11g standard when it is ratified On an 802 11b or g wireless link data is encoded using direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS technology and is transmitted in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2 5GHz The maximum data rat
109. g B Basic Wireles E EE T astrictin Access by MAC Address EEEE aah AE ER be Configuring WEP F Pet rom E E a og Configuring WPA PSK Bnin poan ai E E E Dee Configuring Advanced Wireless Settings 419 Default Advanced Wireles oe e E E ARE E E A E ole lent Filtering Blocking Access to Internet Sit S ooo ccc ceccccccsseceecseeecssaeeessseecseeeesssseesssteseessseessseeesse Dod Blocking Access to Internet Services ccccecccescceseseeceseeeeeeaeeeeecaeeseeseaeseeseeeneesnaeenees Scheduling When Blocking Will Be Enforced 0 0 0 sseeeeseesseeceecseeeseeseeeeeeesessenseeeeee D 5 Viewing Logs of Web Access or Attempted Web ACCESS ceseeeeeereeeeeeeeeeeeteteeeeees D 6 Configuring E Mail Alert and Web Access Log Notifications c cccesceseeeeee eee DB 2 Contents M 10153 01 Chapter 6 Maintenance Viewing Wireless Router Status Information c ccccccccsccsseseccsscssecssecssecseessecssssssesseeses Ord Viewing a listoi Aitached Devices sanescsnisiieniinsa hinaia aai a ted Upgrading the Router Software E A P E A E A E S Configuration File DANE ciah PEE KHIM a Restoring and O Up the Cnh a A a i Changing the Administer PRSe WONG sonaria ean Uae oa ee Chapter 7 Advanced Configuration Comparison of Port Triggering and Port Forwarding cc csseseseeeeseessteeteenee Zod Configuring Port Forwarding Ee ree ee rere rer ene cer enre eee ee Tren rae rhe ore Adding a Port Forwardi
110. ge contains a DTIM The DTIM tells client devices in power save mode that a packet is waiting for them The default setting causes client devices using power save mode to wake up To conserve battery power in client devices using power save mode increase the Data Beacon Rate DTIM setting However setting the DTIM too high may cause a wireless client to lose its network connection e Wireless Card Access List when the Trusted PCs Only radio button is selected the WGU624 checks the MAC address of the wireless station and only allows connections to PCs identified on the trusted PCs list 4 22 Wireless Configuration M 10153 01 Chapter 5 Content Filtering This chapter describes how to use the content filtering features of the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU6724 to protect your network These features can be found by under the Content Filtering heading in the main menu of the browser interface The Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 provides you with Web content filtering options plus browsing activity reporting and instant alerts via e mail Parents and network administrators can establish restricted access policies based on time of day Web addresses and Web address keywords You can also block Internet access by applications and services such as chat or games Blocking Access to Internet Sites The WGU624 wireless router allows you to restrict access based on Web addresses and Web address keywords U
111. ge the MAC address select Use this Computer s MAC address The router will capture and use the MAC address of the PC that you are now using You must be using the one PC that is allowed by the ISP Or select Use this MAC address and enter it e Click Apply to save your settings 3 If your Internet connection does require a login fill in the settings according to the instructions below Select Yes if you normally must launch a login program such as Enternet or WinPOET in order to access the Internet Note After you finish setting up your router you will no longer need to launch the ISP s login program on your PC in order to access the Internet When you start an Internet application your router will automatically log you in 3 10 Connecting the Router to the Internet M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Select you Internet service provider from the drop down list Internet Service Provider Other v PPTP Telstra Bigpond Other Login Password Figure 3 7 Basic Settings ISP list 4 The screen changes according to the ISP settings requirements of the ISP you select If your Internet connection does require a login fill in the settings according to the instructions below Note After you finish setting up your router you will no longer need to launch the ISP s login program on your computer in order to access the Internet When you
112. he AP for proof of identity which the AP gets from the user and then sends back to the server to complete the authentication EAP is defined by RFC 2284 ESP Encapsulating Security Payload ESSID The Extended Service Set Identification ESSID is a thirty two character maximum alphanumeric key identifying the wireless local area network Gateway A local device usually a router that connects hosts on a local network to other networks IETF Internet Engineering Task Force Working groups of the IETF propose standard protocols and procedures for the Internet which are published as RFCs Request for Comment at www ietf org An open international community of network designers operators vendors and researchers concerned with the evolution of the Internet architecture and the smooth operation of the Internet 4 Glossary M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 IKE Internet Key Exchange An automated method for exchanging and managing encryption keys between two VPN devices IP Internet Protocol is the main internetworking protocol used in the Internet Used in conjunction with the Transfer Control Protocol TCP to form TCP IP IP Address A four byte number uniquely defining each host on the Internet usually written in dotted decimal notation with periods separating the bytes for example 134 177 244 57 Ranges of addresses are assigned by Internic an organization form
113. he DNS Configuration tab If any DNS server addresses are shown write down the addresses If any information appears in the Host or Domain information box write it down Click Disable DNS Click OK to save your changes and close the TCP IP Properties dialog box You are returned to the Network window Click OK Reboot your PC at the prompt You may also be prompted to insert your Windows CD Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers As mentioned above you may need to collect configuration information from your Macintosh so that you can use this information when you configure the WGU624 wireless router Following this procedure is only necessary when your ISP does not dynamically supply the account information To get the information you need to configure the firewall for Internet access i From the Apple menu select Control Panels then TCP IP The TCP IP Control Panel opens which displays a list of configuration settings If the Configure setting is Using DHCP Server your account uses a dynamically assigned IP address In this case close the Control Panel and skip the rest of this section 2 If an IP address and subnet mask are shown write down the information 3 Ifan IP address appears under Router address write down the address This is the ISP s gateway address 4 Ifany Name Server addresses are shown write down the addresses These are your ISP s DNS addresses 5 Ifany in
114. he modem e Securely insert the blue cable that came with your wireless router into a LAN port on the router such as LAN port 4 point C in the diagram and the other end into the Ethernet port of your computer point D in the diagram D g CX WS Blue NETGEAR Cable Internet G L router IE L computer Ei or ET LAN Ports modem 4321 eo Figure 3 3 Connect the computers on your network to the router Your network cables are connected and you are ready to restart your network Connecting the Router to the Internet 3 5 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 2 RESTART YOUR NETWORK IN THE CORRECT SEQUENCE Warning Failure to restart your network in the correct sequence could prevent you from connecting to the Internet a First turn on the broadband modem and wait 2 minutes b Now plug in the power cord to the WGU624 and wait one minute c Last turn on your computer Note For DSL customers if software logs you in to the Internet do not run that software You may need to go to the Internet Explorer Tools Menu Internet Options Connections tab page where you can select Never dial a connection d Check the wireless router status lights to verify the following When you turn the router on the power light goes on The Wirelessa a an
115. he router The default is 192 168 1 1 Identifies if the router s built in DHCP server is active for the LAN attached devices The IP Subnet Mask used by the Local LAN port of the router The default is 255 255 255 0 Wireless Port A Name SSID Channel Wireless Mode These parameters apply to the Wireless a port of the router The wireless network name SSID being used by the wireless port of the router The default is NETGEAR_11a Identifies if the channel the wireless port is using See Wireless Channels on page D 7 for the frequencies used on each channel 802 11a 108 Mbps or Auto Wireless Port G Name SSID Channel Wireless Mode These parameters apply to the Wireless g port of the router The wireless network name SSID used by the wireless port of the router The default is NETGEAR_11g Identifies if the channel the wireless port is using See Wireless Channels on page D 7 for the frequencies used on each channel 802 11b g b only g only 108 Mbps or Auto Maintenance M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 From the Router Status screen click the Connection Status button to display the connection status as shown below E Connection Status Microsoft Internet Explo B m amp Connection Status IP Address 192 168 0 100 Subnet Mask 255 255 255 0 Default Gateway 192 168 0 1 DHCP Server None
116. hentication Authentication Key Key Uncontrolled Port LAN i Resources Controlled Port Figure D 2 802 1x Authentication Sequence The AP sends Beacon Frames with WPA information element to the stations in the service set Information elements include the required authentication method 802 1x or Pre shared key and the preferred cipher suite WEP TKIP or AES Probe Responses AP to station and Association Requests station to AP also contain WPA information elements 1 Initial 802 1x communications begin with an unauthenticated supplicant client device attempting to connect with an authenticator 802 11 access point The client sends an EAP start message This begins a series of message exchanges to authenticate the client 2 The access point replies with an EAP request identity message Wireless Networking Basics D 13 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 3 The client sends an EAP response packet containing the identity to the authentication server The access point responds by enabling a port for passing only EAP packets from the client to an authentication server located on the wired side of the access point The access point blocks all other traffic such as HTTP DHCP and POP3 packets until the access point can verify the client s identity using an authentication server for example RADIUS 4 The authentication server uses a specific authenticat
117. her of the application or from user groups of newsgroups Enter the Starting Port and Ending Port numbers If the application uses a single port number enter that number in both boxes If you know that the application uses either TCP or UDP select the appropriate protocol If you are not sure select Both 5 4 Content Filtering M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Configuring Service Blocking by IP Address Range Under Filter Services For you can block the specified service for a single PC a range of PCs having consecutive IP addresses or all PCs on your network Scheduling When Blocking Will Be Enforced The WGU6724 wireless router allows you to specify when blocking will be enforced The Schedule menu is shown below Schedule Time Zone GMT 08 00 Pacific Time USA Canada Tijuana y Cl Adjust for Daylight Savings Time V Enable System Clock Synchronize Time Days To Block 7 Every day F Sunday T Monday V Tuesday V Wednesday M Thursday V Friday T Saturday Time Of Day To Block use 24 hour clock Mall Day Start Blocking lHour Min End Blocking Hour Min Figure 5 4 Schedule menu Use the check boxes on this menu to create a schedule for blocking content Then click Apply Time Zone Select your local time zone This setting will be used for the blocking schedule and for time stamping log entries
118. iased to the same IP address as yourhost dyndns org Click Apply to save your configuration Configuring Static Routes Static Routes provide additional routing information to your router Under normal circumstances the router has adequate routing information after it has been configured for Internet access and you do not need to configure additional static routes You must configure static routes only for unusual cases such as multiple routers or multiple IP subnets located on your network From the main menu of the browser interface under Advanced select Static Routes to view the Static Routes menu shown below Static Routes Active Name Destination Gateway 1 YES Horace 134 177 0 0 192 168 0 100 Ada Edit Delete Figure 7 6 Static Routes menu Advanced Configuration 7 13 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 To add or edit a Static Route 1 Click the Add button to open the Add Edit menu shown below Static Routes Route Name Horace M Private M Active Destination IP Address 134 177 h lio IP Subnet Mask 255 255 255 l o Gateway IP Address 192 168 1 100 Metric 1 Figure 7 7 Static Route Add Edit menu 2 Type a route name for this static route in the Route Name box under the table This is for identification purposes only 3 Select Private if you want to limit access to the LAN only The static route will not
119. ill maintain seamless network connection Ad Hoc Mode Peer to Peer Workgroup In an ad hoc network computers are brought together as needed thus there is no structure or fixed points to the network each node can generally communicate with any other node There is no Access Point involved in this configuration This mode enables you to quickly set up a small wireless workgroup and allows workgroup members to exchange data or share printers as supported by Microsoft networking in the various Windows operating systems Some vendors also refer to ad hoc networking as peer to peer group networking In this configuration network packets are directly sent and received by the intended transmitting and receiving stations As long as the stations are within range of one another this is the easiest and least expensive way to set up a wireless network Network Name Extended Service Set Identification ESSID The Extended Service Set Identification ESSID is one of two types of Service Set Identification SSID In an ad hoc wireless network with no access points the Basic Service Set Identification BSSID is used In an infrastructure wireless network that includes an access point the ESSID is used but may still be referred to as SSID An SSID is a thirty two character maximum alphanumeric key identifying the name of the wireless local area network Some vendors refer to the SSID as network name For the wireless devices in a network to com
120. ills up before the specified period the log is automatically e mailed to the specified e mail address After the log is sent it is cleared from the router s memory If the router cannot e mail the log file the log buffer may fill up In this case the router overwrites the log and discards its contents If you do not want logs sent select None When you turn on e mail notification and choose None in the Send Logs According to This Schedule list the alert is sent but not the log Content Filtering 5 9 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 5 10 M 10153 01 Content Filtering Chapter 6 Maintenance This chapter describes how to use the maintenance features of your Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 These features can be found by clicking on the Maintenance heading in the main menu of the browser interface Viewing Wireless Router Status Information The Router Status menu provides a limited amount of status and usage information From the main menu of the browser interface click Router Status to view the status screen shown below Router Status Account Name Firmware Version Internet Port MAC Address IP Address DHCP IP Subnet Mask Domain Name Server LAN Port MAC Address IP Address DHCP IP Subnet Mask Wireless Port 11a Name SSID Channel Wireless Mode Wireless Port 119 Name SSID Channel Wireless Mode WAGR614 1 0 1 16 Jul
121. in the Web browser The changes may have occurred but the Web browser may be caching the old configuration Troubleshooting 8 3 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Troubleshooting the ISP Connection If your router is unable to access the Internet you should first determine whether the router is able to obtain a WAN IP address from the ISP Unless you have been assigned a static IP address your router must request an IP address from the ISP You can determine whether the request was successful using the Web Configuration Manager To check the WAN IP address 1 Launch your browser and select an external site such as http ww netgear com 2 Access the main menu of the router s configuration at ttp 192 168 1 1 3 Under the Maintenance heading select Router Status 4 Check that an IP address is shown for the WAN Port If 0 0 0 0 is shown your router has not obtained an IP address from your ISP If your router is unable to obtain an IP address from the ISP you may need to force your cable or DSL modem to recognize your new router by performing the following procedure 1 Turn off power to the cable or DSL modem 2 Turn off power to your router 3 Wait five minutes and reapply power to the cable or DSL modem 4 When the modem s LEDs indicate that it has reacquired synchronization with the ISP reapply power to your router If your router is still unable to o
122. indows Internet Naming Service WINS Windows Internet Naming Service is a server process for resolving Windows based computer names to IP addresses If a remote network contains a WINS server your Windows PCs can gather information from that WINS server about its local hosts This allows your PCs to browse that remote network using the Windows Network Neighborhood feature WINS WINS Windows Internet Naming Service is a server process for resolving Windows based computer names to IP addresses Wireless Network Name SSID Wireless Network Name SSID is the name assigned to a wireless network This is the same as the SSID or ESSID configuration parameter Glossary 11 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 12 Glossary M 10153 01 Numerics 64 or 128 bit WEP 4 11 802 11b D 1 A Account Name 3 10 6 2 Address Resolution Protocol B 9 ad hoc mode D 2 Authentication Server 3 15 Auto MDI MDI X B 15 G 2 Auto Uplink 2 4 B 15 G 2 backup configuration 6 7 Basic Wireless Connectivity 4 14 BSSID D 2 Cabling B 11 Cat5 cable 3 1 B 12 G 2 configuration automatic by DHCP 2 5 backup 6 7 erasing 6 8 restore 6 7 router initial 3 1 content filtering 2 3 5 1 conventions typography 1 1 crossover cable 2 4 8 2 B 14 B 15 G 2 customer support 1 4 Index Index D date and time 8 7 Daylight Savings Time 8 8 Denial of Service DoS protection 2 3 denial of
123. ink technology also called MDI MDIX Each LOCAL Ethernet port will automatically sense whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection e g connecting to a PC or an uplink connection e g connecting to a router switch or hub That port will then configure itself to the correct configuration This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables as Auto Uplink will accommodate either type of cable to make the right connection Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 15 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 B 16 Network Routing Firewall and Basics M 10153 01 Appendix C Preparing Your Network This appendix describes how to prepare your network to connect to the Internet through the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 and how to verify the readiness of broadband Internet service from an Internet service provider ISP Note If an ISP technician configured your computer during the installation of a broadband modem or if you configured it using instructions provided by your ISP you may need to copy the current configuration information for use in the configuration of your firewall Write down this information before reconfiguring your computers Refer to Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Windows Computers on page C 19 or Obtaining ISP Configuration Information for Macintosh Computers on
124. ion Assistant to help you through this procedure 1 CONNECT THE WIRELESS ROUTER THE COMPUTER AND THE MODEM a Turn off your computer and your cable or DSL modem b Locate the Ethernet cable Cable 1 in the diagram below that connects your PC to the modem c Disconnect the cable at the computer end only point A in the diagram i SZ D Cable 1 O Internet L a eal a gem computer modem A 000 Figure 3 1 Disconnect the Ethernet cable from the computer d Look at the label on the bottom of the wireless router Locate the Internet port Securely insert the Ethernet cable from your modem Cable 1 in the diagram below into the Internet port of the wireless router as shown in point B in the diagram below 3 4 Connecting the Router to the Internet M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Note Place the WGU624 wireless router in a location which conforms to the Observing Performance Placement and Range Guidelines on page 4 1 The stand provided with the WGU6724 provides a convenient space saving way of installing the wireless router Avoid stacking it on other electronic equipment Internet Internet he port eee mt B e mdj router modem Cable 1 Figure 3 2 Connect the wireless router to t
125. ion algorithm to verify the client s identity This could be through the use of digital certificates or some other EAP authentication type 5 The authentication server will either send an accept or reject message to the access point 6 The access point sends an EAP success packet or reject packet to the client 7 Ifthe authentication server accepts the client then the access point will transition the client s port to an authorized state and forward additional traffic The important part to know at this point is that the software supporting the specific EAP type resides on the authentication server and within the operating system or application supplicant software on the client devices The access point acts as a pass through for 802 1x messages which means that you can specify any EAP type without needing to upgrade an 802 1x compliant access point As a result you can update the EAP authentication type to such devices as token cards Smart Cards Kerberos one time passwords certificates and public key authentication or as newer types become available and your requirements for security change WPA Data Encryption Key Management With 802 1x the rekeying of unicast encryption keys is optional Additionally 802 11 and 802 1x provide no mechanism to change the global encryption key used for multicast and broadcast traffic With WPA rekeying of both unicast and global encryption keys is required For the unicast encryption k
126. is extremely difficult for hackers to read messages even if they have intercepted the data Passphrase The Passphrase must be identical on all PCs and access points in your network Enter a word or group of printable characters in the Passphrase box These characters are case sensitive Key Update The default Key Update is 0 for unlimited updates You can change this to a value between 15 and 1800 Radius Server Settings e Enter the Radius Server IP address e The Radius Port number is 1812 by default e Enter a Radius Secret which can be up to 32 alphanumeric characters Note Not all wireless adapter configuration utilities support WPA Furthermore client software is required on the client Windows XP and Windows 2000 with Service Pack 3 do include the client software that supports WPA Nevertheless the wireless adapter hardware and driver must also support WPA 4 12 Wireless Configuration M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Recording Your SSID and Security Settings Before customizing your wireless settings print this form and record the following information 802 11a Wireless Network Name SSID 802 11g Wireless Network Name SSID The Service Set Identification SSID called the wireless network name in Windows XP identifies the wireless network You may use up to 32 alphanumeric characters The SSID in the wireless router is the SSID you configure in the
127. is used by a company that wants to host its own Internet services without sacrificing unauthorized access to its private network The DMZ sits between the Internet and an internal network s line of defense usually some combination of firewalls and bastion hosts Typically the DMZ contains devices accessible to Internet traffic such as Web HTTP servers FTP servers SMTP e mail servers and DNS servers DNS Short for Domain Name System or Service an Internet service that translates domain names into IP addresses Because domain names are alphabetic they re easier to remember The Internet however is really based on IP addresses Every time you use a domain name therefore a DNS service must translate the name into the corresponding IP address For example the domain name www example com might translate to 198 105 232 4 The DNS system is in fact its own network If one DNS server doesn t know how to translate a particular domain name it asks another one and so on until the correct IP address is returned Domain Name A descriptive name for an address or group of addresses on the Internet Domain names are of the form of a registered entity name plus one of a number of predefined top level suffixes such as com edu uk etc For example in the address mail NETGEAR com mail is a server name and NETGEAR com is the domain DoS A hacker attack designed to prevent your computer or network from operating or communicating Glossa
128. k on the Properties button Add Remove Description C 14 Preparing Your Network M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 e The TCP IP Properties dialog box now displays e Click the IP Address tab e Select the radio button marked Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server e Click OK This completes the configuration of TCP IP in Windows NT Restart the PC Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network Microsoft TCP IP Properties 21x IP Address DNS WINS Address Routing An IP address can be automatically assigned to this network card by a DHCP server If your network does not have a DHCP server ask your network administrator for an address and then type it in the space below Adapter Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server r Specify an IP address IP Acres m Verifying TCP IP Properties for Windows XP 2000 and NT4 To check your PC s TCP IP configuration 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button and then click Run The Run window opens 2 Type cma and then click OK A command window opens 3 Type ipconfig all Your IP Configuration information will be listed and should match the values below if you are using the default TCP IP settings that NETGEAR recommends for connecting through a router or gateway e The IP address is
129. lass D addresses are used for multicasts messages sent to many hosts Class D addresses are in this range 224 0 0 0 to 239 255 255 255 e Class E Class E addresses are for experimental use This addressing structure allows IP addresses to uniquely identify each physical network and each node on each physical network For each unique value of the network portion of the address the base address of the range host address of all zeros is known as the network address and is not usually assigned to a host Also the top address of the range host address of all ones is not assigned but is used as the broadcast address for simultaneously sending a packet to all hosts with the same network address Netmask In each of the address classes previously described the size of the two parts network address and host address is implied by the class This partitioning scheme can also be expressed by a netmask associated with the IP address A netmask is a 32 bit quantity that when logically combined using an AND operator with an IP address yields the network address For instance the netmasks for Class A B and C addresses are 255 0 0 0 255 255 0 0 and 255 255 255 0 respectively For example the address 192 168 170 237 is a Class C IP address whose network portion is the upper 24 bits When combined using an AND operator with the Class C netmask as shown here only the network portion of the address remains 11000000 10101000 10101010
130. le personal computers PCs to the Internet through an external broadband access device such as a cable modem or DSL modem that is normally intended for use by a single PC This chapter describes the features of the NETGEAR Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Key Features of the Router The Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 with 4 port switch connects your local area network LAN to the Internet through an external access device such as a cable modem or DSL modem The WGU624 wireless router provides you with multiple Web content filtering options plus browsing activity reporting and instant alerts both via e mail Parents and network administrators can establish restricted access policies based on time of day Web site addresses and address keywords and share high speed cable DSL Internet access for up to 253 personal computers In addition to the Network Address Translation NAT feature the built in firewall protects you from hackers With minimum setup you can install and use the router within minutes The WGU624 wireless router provides the following features e 802 11g wireless networking with the ability to operate in 802 11g only 802 11 turbo g only or 802 11b g modes e 802 11a wireless networking e Channel bonding combines the bandwidth of two radio channels into one communications link 54 Mbps 54 Mbps 108 Mbps between the router and wireless stations e Super A and Super G modes
131. les and MDI MDIX Switching In the wiring table above the concept of transmit and receive are from the perspective of the PC which is wired as Media Dependant Interface MDI In this wiring the PC transmits on pins 1 and 2 At the hub the perspective is reversed and the hub receives on pins 1 and 2 This wiring is referred to as Media Dependant Interface Crossover MDI X When connecting a PC to a PC or a hub port to another hub port the transmit pair must be exchanged with the receive pair This exchange is done by one of two mechanisms Most hubs provide an Uplink switch which will exchange the pairs on one port allowing that port to be connected to another hub using a normal Ethernet cable The second method is to use a crossover cable which is a special cable in which the transmit and receive pairs are exchanged at one of the two cable connectors Crossover cables are often unmarked as such and must be identified by comparing the two connectors Since the cable connectors are clear plastic it is easy to place them side by side and view the order of the wire colors on each On a straight through cable the color order will be the same on both connectors On a crossover cable the orange and blue pairs will be exchanged from one connector to the other B 14 Network Routing Firewall and Basics M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 The WGU624 wireless router incorporates Auto Upl
132. less network adapters e Wireless client programs Supporting a Mixture of WPA and WEP Wireless Clients is Discouraged To support the gradual transition of WEP based wireless networks to WPA a wireless AP can support both WEP and WPA clients at the same time During the association the wireless AP determines which clients use WEP and which clients use WPA The disadvantage to supporting a mixture of WEP and WPA clients is that the global encryption key is not dynamic This is because WEP based clients cannot support it All other benefits to the WPA clients such as integrity are maintained However a mixed mode supporting WPA and non WPA clients would offer network security that is no better than that obtained with a non WPA network and thus this mode of operation is discouraged D 16 Wireless Networking Basics M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Changes to Wireless Access Points Wireless access points must have their firmware updated to support the following e The new WPA information element To advertise their support of WPA wireless APs send the beacon frame with a new 802 11 WPA information element that contains the wireless AP s security configuration encryption algorithms and wireless security configuration information e The WPA two phase authentication Open system then 802 1x EAP with RADIUS or preshared key TKIP e Michael e AES optional To upgrade
133. ly the device can use the ANY SSID option to associate with any available router within range regardless of its SSID Shared Key only those computers that possess the correct authentication key can join the network 802 1x defines port based network access control used to provide authenticated network access and automated data encryption key management 802 1x uses a protocol called EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol WPA PSK Wi Fi Protected Access Pre Shared Key use WPA standard encryption WPA Wi Fi Protected Access use WPA standard encryption Cipher Type Disable WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy use WEP 64 128 or 152 bit data encryption AES Advanced Encryption Standard a symmetric 128 bit block data encryption technique It is an iterated block cipher with a variable block length and a variable key length TKIP the Temporal Key Integrity Protocol mechanism shares a starting key between devices Each device then changes its encryption key for every packet Basic 802 11g Wireless Settings To configure the 802 11 g wireless settings of your router click the Wireless g link in the main menu of the browser interface The Wireless 802 11g Settings menu appears as shown below 4 6 Wireless Configuration M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Wireless Settings Enable 2 4GHz 54Mbps 802 119 Radio Wireless Network Name
134. ly contains a source and destination network address some protocol and length information a block of data and a checksum Perfect Forward Secrecy Perfect Forward Secrecy PFS provides additional security by means of a Diffie Hellman shared secret value With PFS if one key is compromised previous and subsequent keys are secure because they are not derived from previous keys PKIX PKIX The most widely used standard for defining digital certificates Point to Point Protocol PPP A protocol allowing a computer using TCP IP to connect directly to the Internet PPP A protocol allowing a computer using TCP IP to connect directly to the Internet PPPoA PPPoA PPP over ATM is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an always on connection by simulating a dial up connection PPPoE PPPoE PPP over Ethernet is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an always on connection by simulating a dial up connection Glossary 7 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 PPP over ATM PPPoA PPP over ATM is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an always on connection by simulating a dial up connection PPP over Ethernet PPPoE PPP over Ethernet is a protocol for connecting remote hosts to the Internet over an always on connection by simulating a dial up connection PPTP Point to Point Tunneling Protocol A method for establishing a
135. ly to the sending device The receiving station provides the transmitting station with the required destination MAC address The IP address data and MAC address data for each station are held in an ARP table The next time data is sent the address can be obtained from the address information in the table For more information about address assignment refer to the IETF documents RFC 1597 Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space For more information about IP address translation refer to RFC 1631 The IP Network Address Translator NAT Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 9 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Domain Name Server Many of the resources on the Internet can be addressed by simple descriptive names such as www NETGEAR com This addressing is very helpful at the application level but the descriptive name must be translated to an IP address in order for a user to actually contact the resource Just as a telephone directory maps names to phone numbers or as an ARP table maps IP addresses to MAC addresses a domain name system DNS server maps descriptive names of network resources to IP addresses When a PC accesses a resource by its descriptive name it first contacts a DNS server to obtain the IP address of the resource The PC sends the desired message using the IP address Many large organizations such as
136. manually configure the network settings of all of your computers clear the Use router as DHCP server check box Otherwise leave it selected Specify the pool of IP addresses to be assigned by setting the Starting IP Address and Ending IP Address These addresses should be part of the same IP address subnet as the router s LAN IP address Using the default addressing scheme you should define a range between 192 168 1 2 and 192 168 1 253 although you may wish to save part of the range for devices with fixed addresses 7 10 Advanced Configuration M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 The router delivers the following parameters to any LAN device that requests DHCP e An IP Address from the range you have defined e Subnet Mask e Gateway IP Address the router s LAN IP address e Primary DNS Server if you entered a Primary DNS address in the Basic Settings menu otherwise the router s LAN IP address e Secondary DNS Server if you entered a Secondary DNS address in the Basic Settings menu Using Address Reservation When you specify a reserved IP address for a PC on the LAN that PC always receives the same IP address each time it accesses the router s DHCP server Reserved IP addresses should be assigned to servers that require permanent IP settings To reserve an IP address 1 Click the Add button 2 Inthe IP Address box type the IP address to assign to the PC or
137. municate with each other all devices must be configured with the same SSID D 2 Wireless Networking Basics M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Authentication and WEP The absence of a physical connection between nodes makes the wireless links vulnerable to eavesdropping and information theft To provide a certain level of security the IEEE 802 11 standard has defined two types of authentication methods Open System and Shared Key With Open System authentication a wireless PC can join any network and receive any messages that are not encrypted With Shared Key authentication only those PCs that possess the correct authentication key can join the network By default IEEE 802 11 wireless devices operate in an Open System network Wired Equivalent Privacy WEP data encryption is used when the wireless devices are configured to operate in Shared Key authentication mode There are two shared key methods implemented in most commercially available products 64 bit and 128 bit WEP data encryption 802 11 Authentication The 802 11 standard defines several services that govern how two 802 11 devices communicate The following events must occur before an 802 11 Station can communicate with an Ethernet network through an access point such as the one built in to the WGU624 1 Turn on the wireless station The station listens for messages from any access points that are in range The sta
138. n a WPA information element then it knows it must use pre WPA 802 1X authentication and key management in order to access the network e Key management WPA features a robust key generation management system that integrates the authentication and data privacy functions Keys are generated after successful authentication and through a subsequent 4 way handshake between the station and Access Point AP e Data Privacy Encryption Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP is used to wrap WEP in sophisticated cryptographic and security techniques to overcome most of its weaknesses e Data integrity TKIP includes a message integrity code MIC at the end of each plaintext message to ensure messages are not being spoofed Wireless Networking Basics D 11 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 WPA Authentication Enterprise level User Authentication via 802 1x EAP and RADIUS Wired Network with Optional Wireless LAN 802 1x Port Based Network Access Control TCP IP WPA WPA enabled Ports Closed enabled Access Point Until Co RADIUS Server p wireless p using Ma T ic i i re shared ke Jur Reale de p or TCP IP Authentication example pn 802 1x Ports Opened Win Server After VeriSign Authenticated Figure D 1 WPA Overview IEEE 802 1x offers an effective framework for authenticating and controlling user traffic to a protected network as
139. ndard alone offer system administrators no effective method to update the keys For 802 11 WEP encryption is optional For WPA encryption using Temporal Key Integrity Protocol TKIP is required TKIP replaces WEP with a new encryption algorithm that is stronger than the WEP algorithm but that uses the calculation facilities present on existing wireless devices to perform encryption operations TKIP provides important data encryption enhancements including a per packet key mixing function a message integrity check MIC named Michael an extended initialization vector IV with sequencing rules and a re keying mechanism Through these enhancements TKIP addresses all of known WEP vulnerabilities Wireless Networking Basics D 9 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 How Does WPA Compare to IEEE 802 11i WPA will be forward compatible with the IEEE 802 11i security specification currently under development WPA is a subset of the current 802 11i draft and uses certain pieces of the 802 11i draft that are ready to bring to market today such as 802 1x and TKIP The main pieces of the 802 111 draft that are not included in WPA are secure IBSS Ad Hoc mode secure fast handoff for specialized 802 11 VoIP phones as well as enhanced encryption protocols such as AES CCMP These features are either not yet ready for market or will require hardware upgrades to implement What are the Key Featur
140. netmask translation table B 6 Network Address Translation 2 5 B 8 C 18 Network Time Protocol 8 7 NTP 8 7 O Open System authentication D 3 P package contents 2 6 Passphrase 4 11 4 13 4 17 passphrase 2 2 Password 3 14 3 15 password restoring 8 7 PC using to configure C 21 ping 7 7 placement 4 1 port filtering 5 3 Index port forwarding behind NAT B 9 Port Forwarding Menu 7 2 port numbers 5 3 PPP over Ethernet 2 5 C 18 PPPoE C 18 Primary DNS Server 3 10 3 12 3 14 3 15 protocols Address Resolution B 9 DHCP B 10 Routing Information 2 5 B 2 support 2 2 publications related B 1 R range 4 1 range port forwarding 7 4 7 6 rear panel 2 8 Remote Management 7 16 remote management 7 16 requirements hardware 3 1 reserved IP adresses 7 11 restore configuration 6 7 restore factory settings 6 8 Restrict Wireless Access by MAC Address 4 15 RFC 1466 B 7 B 9 1597 B 7 B 9 1631 B 8 B 9 finding B 7 RIP Router Information Protocol 7 9 router concepts B 1 Router Status 6 1 Routing Information Protocol 2 5 B 2 S Scope of Document 1 1 Secondary DNS Server 3 10 3 12 3 14 3 15 security 2 1 2 4 Index service numbers 5 4 Setup Wizard 3 1 Shared Key authentication D 3 SMTP 5 8 spoof MAC address 8 5 SSID 4 5 4 7 4 14 4 15 D 2 Start Port 7 4 stateful packet inspection 2 3 B 11 Static Routes 7 8 subnet addressing B 5 subnet mask B 5 C 19 C 20 T TCP
141. ng Gufo Sanii eia na a aa Fae Local Web and FTP Server Example a OPENING PoR TIGGE a oaiomiciniioeeaa ara aE O S EEND Configuring WAN Setup Options Configuring LAN IP Setup Options Using the Router as a DHOP Server ee er 7 10 Using Address Reservation Using amp Dynamic DNS Service crcainariencuneaenna an E Gonigunng Sae MOVES eina a Aa a Enabling Remote Management Access Using Universal Plug and Play UPnP Chapter 8 Troubleshooting Baste Pancioninin iniciaonieniinneaGeniieeaiimiGenniiennunnmiaGeNeMnVaaGeniud 8 1 Poner sac teens caer eamer laa T gaat LEDs Never Turn Ott EA ET EE A E EE E E E A ce Local or Internet Port LEDs Not On EN OIEA EIEEE eRe A aM ee Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface Troubleshooting the ISP Connection 2005 ied A EE TEE Troubleshooting a TCP IP Network Using a Ping Utility PE E E E E S Testing the LAN Path to the WGU624 Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device Contents M 10153 01 Restoring the Default Configuration and Password Ge Problems with Date and Time aaa 8 7 Why Does the WGU624 Not Feach Full 108 8 Mbps DROME nchani Oe Appendix A Technical Specifications Appendix B Network Routing Firewall and Basics Pee ted TINO coirean E Basic Router Concepts What is a Router er Roung mionmaton PCT iseci OE IP Addresses and the Internet cccccccesccccssecceesscecss
142. ng to configure it However if there are problems follow these steps to configure TCP IP with DHCP for Windows 2000 Preparing Your Network M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 e Click on the My Network Places icon on the Windows desktop This will bring up a window called Network and Dial up Connections e Right click on Local Area Connection and select Properties Ed Local Area Connection Properties ii a 2x General e The Local Area Connection Properties l dialog box appears Connect using i a 3Com 10 100 Mini PCI Ethernet Adapter e Verify that you have the correct Ethernet card selected in the Connect using box Components checked are used by this connection e Verify that at least the following two items are displayed and selected in the box of Components checked are used by this connection e Client for Microsoft Networks and Install Uninstall Properties e Internet Protocol TCP IP Description E Client for Microsoft Networks 8 File and Printer Sharing for Microsoft Networks Internet Protocol TCP IP Transmission Control Protocol Internet Protocol The default e Click OK wide area network protocol that provides communication across diverse interconnected networks IV Show icon in taskbar when connected OK Cancel Preparing Your Network C 11 M 101
143. nizations to deploy better security while AES capable equipment is being designed manufactured and incrementally deployed Wireless Networking Basics D 15 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Is WPA Perfect WPA is not without its vulnerabilities Specifically it is susceptible to denial of service DoS attacks If the access point receives two data packets that fail the message integrity code MIC within 60 seconds of each other then the network is under an active attack and as a result the access point employs counter measures which include disassociating each station using the access point This prevents an attacker from gleaning information about the encryption key and alerts administrators but it also causes users to lose network connectivity for 60 seconds More than anything else this may just prove that no single security tactic is completely invulnerable WPA is a definite step forward in WLAN security over WEP and has to be thought of as a single part of an end to end network security strategy Product Support for WPA Starting in August 2003 NETGEAR Inc wireless Wi Fi certified products will support the WPA standard NETGEAR Inc wireless products that had their Wi Fi certification approved before August 2003 will have one year to add WPA so as to maintain their Wi Fi certification WPA requires software changes to the following e Wireless access points e Wire
144. onger range than basic 802 11 by maintaining connectivity when signals are made fainter when passing through dense walls floors or other barriers XR products require no additional configuration and are fully interoperable with standard 802 11 technologies Note The XR feature is NOT available when the wireless mode is 108Mbps only e Transmit Power Max 75 50 25 or Min The default is Max e Fragmentation Threshold value can be from 256 to 2346 The default is 2346 e CRS RTS Threshold value can be from 256 to 2346 The default is 2346 4 20 Wireless Configuration M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 DTIM from 1 to 5 The default is 1 DTIM stands for Delivery Traffic Indication Message This setting determines how often the Access Point s Beacon Traffic Indication Message contains a DTIM The DTIM tells client devices in power save mode that a packet is waiting for them The default setting causes client devices using power save mode to wake up To conserve battery power in client devices using power save mode increase the Data Beacon Rate DTIM setting However setting the DTIM too high may cause a wireless client to lose its network connection Wireless Card Access List when the Trusted PCs Only radio button is selected the WGU624 checks the MAC address of the wireless station and only allows connections to PCs identified on the trusted PCs list
145. or using whatever LAN address and password you have set up gt Note When configuring the router from a wireless PC whose MAC address is not in the Trusted PC list if you select Turn Access Control On you will lose your wireless connection when you click on Apply You must then access the wireless router from a wired PC or from a wireless PC which is on the access control list to make any further changes 2 Click the Advanced Wireless a or Advanced Wireless g Settings link in the main menu of the WGU624 wireless router Wireless Configuration 4 15 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 3 Click the Setup Access List button to display the Wireless Card Access menu shown below Wireless Card Access List q Setup Access List Wireless Card Access List Turn Access Control On Device Name Mac Address Wireless Card Access Setup Available Wireless Cards z Device Name MAC Address 1 alsallette xp2 00 30 ab 1 1 ed 84 ireless Card Entry rcm Device Name alsallette xp2 MAC Address 00 30 ab 11 ed 84 Figure 4 7 Wireless Card Access List Setup Click Add to add a wireless device to the wireless access control list The Available Wireless Then either select from the list of available wireless cards the WGU624 has found in your area or enter the MAC address and device name for a device you plan to use You can usually Note You c
146. ot working you see this message Request timed out If the path is not functioning correctly you could have one of the following problems e Wrong physical connections Make sure the LAN port LED is on If the LED is off follow the instructions in Local or Internet Port LEDs Not On on page 8 2 Check that the corresponding Link LEDs are on for your network interface card and for the hub ports if any that are connected to your workstation and router e Wrong network configuration Verify that the Ethernet card driver software and TCP IP software are both installed and configured on your PC or workstation Verify that the IP address for your router and your workstation are correct and that the addresses are on the same subnet Testing the Path from Your PC to a Remote Device After verifying that the LAN path works correctly test the path from your PC to a remote device From the Windows run menu type PING n 10 lt IP address gt where lt P address gt is the IP address of a remote device such as your ISP s DNS server If the path is functioning correctly replies as in the previous section are displayed If you do not receive replies Check that your PC has the IP address of your router listed as the default gateway If the IP configuration of your PC is assigned by DHCP this information will not be visible in your PC s Network Control Panel Verify that the IP address of the router is listed as th
147. otection because the internal LAN addresses are not available to the Internet through the translated connection All incoming inquiries are filtered out by the router This filtering can prevent intruders from probing your system However using port forwarding you can allow one PC for example a Web server on your local network to be accessible to outside users MAC Addresses and Address Resolution Protocol An IP address alone cannot be used to deliver data from one LAN device to another To send data between LAN devices you must convert the IP address of the destination device to its media access control MAC address Each device on an Ethernet network has a unique MAC address which is a 48 bit number assigned to each device by the manufacturer The technique that associates the IP address with a MAC address is known as address resolution Internet Protocol uses the Address Resolution Protocol ARP to resolve MAC addresses If a device sends data to another station on the network and the destination MAC address is not yet recorded ARP is used An ARP request is broadcast onto the network All stations on the network receive and read the request The destination IP address for the chosen station is included as part of the message so that only the station with this IP address responds to the ARP request All other stations discard the request Related Documents The station with the correct IP address responds with its own MAC address direct
148. oulers Rear Panel soono EAR 2 8 Chapter 3 Connecting the Router to the Internet What You Will Need Before You Begifi sssssenmnnssininsnn panies 3 1 Cabling and Computer Hardware Requirements cccccceeeeeeeeeceeeeeeeeeseceeeeneeees 3 1 Computer Network Configuration Requirements sssseessseesseessrssrirssrrssrrnesressre 3 1 Internet Configuration REQUIFEMENHS sssisinieissiidsnsiarnia nidia 3 2 Where Do Get the Internet Configuration Parameters cccccceeeseeeeeseeeteenees 3 2 Record Your Internet Connection IMPOHMANON cescciccccitsecesecescsscatccadeesscncesadeneascommnsese 3 3 COAT TIGHT the IB ou Gesin ssivia tee vade ciao Sunde gan enn ae kde a un eaae daa aaa S 3 4 Gonnecting the Wireless Router oidcccascocssceisctarcacsraalasencesan dads aaan 3 4 Contents 1 M 10153 01 How to Manually Configure Your Internet Connection Manual PPPoE Configuration c cceeeeeeeees Manual PPTP Con Manual Telstra Bigpond Coi Chapter 4 Wireless Configuration Observing Performance Placement and Range Guidelines sseeeeeseeeeeeereeeee 4 1 ehai gaai WVU GOCUNIY ctecectssstsanrsdisicnantesceadsnneeadtvamrerddconmeesciadae A A Wireless came SONGS anaa E E WEP Authentication and En jate PE PAIE E PAE A EII EE EES Security Mode Selecon cccccccecndeossessscasnsscveeneesencorssncsssesreaccnsieetossnecncca oO Cipher Type Chciose WPA Encryption Recording Your SSID j Setting Up and Testin
149. owing statistics Table 6 1 Router Statistics Fields Field Description Port The statistics for the WAN Internet and LAN local ports For each port the screen displays Status The link status of the port TxPkts The number of packets transmitted on this port since reset or manual clear RxPkts The number of packets received on this port since reset or manual clear Collisions The number of collisions on this port since reset or manual clear Tx B s The current transmission outbound bandwidth used on the WAN and LAN ports Rx B s The current reception inbound bandwidth used on the WAN and LAN ports Up Time The time elapsed since this port acquired the link Poll Interval Specifies the intervals at which the statistics are updated in this window Click Stop to freeze the display 6 4 Maintenance M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Show Statistics action buttons are described in Table 6 2 Table 6 2 Show Statistics action buttons Field Description Set Interval Enter a time and click the button to set the polling frequency Stop Click the Stop button to freeze the polling information Viewing a List of Attached Devices The Attached Devices menu contains a table of all IP devices that the router has discovered on the local network From the main menu of the browser interface under the Maintenance heading select Attached Devices to
150. p to 255 entries are supported in the Keyword list To block access to Internet Sites select Block Sites under the Content Filtering heading in the main menu of the Web browser interface Keyword application examples e Ifthe keyword XXX is specified the URL lt http www badstuff com xxx html gt is blocked e Ifthe keyword com is specified only Web sites with other domain suffixes such as edu or gov can be viewed e Ifyou want to block all Internet browsing access during a scheduled period enter the keyword 6699 and set the schedule in the Schedule menu Content Filtering 5 1 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 The Block Sites menu is shown below Block Sites Keyword Blocking Never O Per Schedule O Always Type keyword or domain name here Add Keyword Block sites containing these keywords or domain names discodanny Delete Keyword Clear List Allow Trusted IP Address To Visit Blocked Sites Trusted IP Address 0 ul lo 0 Figure 5 1 Block Sites menu To enable keyword blocking select either Per Schedule or Always then click Apply If you want to block by schedule be sure that a time period is specified in the Schedule menu To add a keyword or domain type it in the Keyword box click Add Keyword then click Apply To delete a keyword or domain select it from the list click Delete Keyword then click Apply
151. ponsibility of the user to procure the appropriate cables Requirements For Operation in the European Community Countries of Operation and Conditions of Use in the European Community The user should run the configuration utility program provided with this product to check the current channel of operation and confirm that the device is operating in conformance with the spectrum usage rules for European Community countries as described in this section European standards dictate a maximum radiated transmit power of 100mW EIRP and a frequency range of 2 400 2 4835 Ghz Operation Using 2 4 GHz Channels in France The following radio channel usage limitations apply in France The radio spectrum regulator in France Autorit de regulation des telecommunications ART enforces the following tules with respect to use of 2 4GHz spectrum in various locations in France Please check ART s Web site for latest M 10153 01 requirements for use of the 2 4GHz band in France http www art telecom fr eng index htm When operating in France this device may be operated under the following conditions Indoors only using any channel in the 2 4465 2 4835 GHz band Bestatigung des Herstellers Importeurs Es wird hiermit best tigt da das Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 gem der im BMPT AmtsblVfg 243 1991 und Vfg 46 1992 aufgef hrten Bestimmungen entstort ist Das vorschriftsmaBige Betreiben einiger Ger te z B Testsender kann j
152. r Schedule or Always then click Apply If you want to block by schedule be sure that a time period is specified in the Schedule menu To specify a service for blocking click Add Content Filtering 5 3 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 The Block Services Setup menu is shown below Block Services Setup Enable Service Type User Defined v Protocol TCP v Starting Port a 65535 Ending Port 1 65535 Service TypeUser Defined Filter Services For only This IP Address 192 168 D O IP Address Range 192 168 0 to 192 168 0 AIl IP Addresses Figure 5 3 Block Services Setup menu From the Service Type list select the application or service to be allowed or blocked The list already displays several common services but you are not limited to these choices To add any additional services or applications that do not already appear select User Defined Configuring a User Defined Service To define a service first you must determine which port number or range of numbers is used by the application The service numbers for many common protocols are defined by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF and published in RFC1700 Assigned Numbers Service numbers for other applications are typically chosen from the range 1024 to 65535 by the authors of the application This information can usually be determined by contacting the publis
153. r in a particular installation If this equipment does cause harmful interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the equipment off and on the user is encouraged to try to correct the interference by one or more of the following measures e Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna e Increase the separation between the equipment and receiver e Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit different from that to which the receiver is connected e Consult the dealer or an experienced radio TV technician for help FCC Caution 1 FCC RF Radiation Exposure Statement The equipment complies with FCC RF radiation exposure limits set forth for an uncontrolled environment This equipment should be installed and operated with a minimum distance of 20 centimeters between the radiator and your body 2 This Transmitter must not be co located or operating in conjunction with any other antenna or transmitter 3 Changes or modifications to this unit not expressly approved by the party responsible for compliance could void the user authority to operate the equipment M 10153 01 Europe EU Declaration of Conformity This device is a 2 4 5 0 GHz dual band low power RF device intended for home and office use in EU and 4 D EFTA member states In some EU EFTA member j states some restrictions may apply Please contact i local spectrum management authorities for further details before putting this
154. r or access point Select a channel that is not being used by any other wireless networks within several hundred feet of your router For more information on the wireless channel frequencies please refer to Wireless Channels on page D 7 For initial configuration and test leave the Cipher Type set to Disabled Click Apply to save your changes 4 14 Wireless Configuration M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 gt Note If you are configuring the router from a wireless PC and you change the router s SSID channel or security settings you will lose your wireless connection when you click Apply You must then change the wireless settings of your PC to match the router s new settings 8 Configure and test your PCs for wireless connectivity Program the wireless adapter of your PCs to have the same SSID and channel that you configured in the router Check that they have a wireless link and are able to obtain an IP address by DHCP from the router Once your PCs have basic wireless connectivity to the router then you can configure the advanced wireless security functions of the router Restricting Wireless Access by MAC Address To restrict access based on MAC addresses follow these steps 1 Log in to the WGU624 wireless router at its default LAN address of http 192 168 1 1 with its default user name of admin and default password of password
155. re A Login Yes O No Internet Service Provider Login Password Idle Timeout In Minutes My IP Address Server IP Address Connection Name ID Domain Name Server DNS Address O Get Automatically From ISP Use These DNS Servers Primary DNS 192 168 0 Secondary DNS 0 lo all o Router MAC Address Use Default MAC Address Use Computer MAC Address Ouse This MAC Address 000958D27E1B Figure 3 9 PPTP menu Connecting the Router to the Internet 3 13 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 To configure your Internet service connection for PPTP fill in the following fields Enter your Login and Password These fields are case sensitive To change the login timeout enter a new value in minutes This determines how long the router keeps the Internet connection active after there is no Internet activity from the LAN Entering a timeout value of zero means never log out Enter your IP address if your ISP provided a fixed IP address such as 10 0 1 20 Otherwise leave the IP address set to 0 0 0 0 and you will be automatically assigned an IP address when you connect Enter a Server IP Address if your ISP provided one such as 10 0 0 138 Otherwise leave the IP address set to 0 0 0 0 and the Server IP Address will be automatically supplied when you connect Normally the Connection ID Name should be left blank If your ISP provided
156. re all hosts on a LAN segment to use the same netmask for the following reasons e So that hosts recognize local IP broadcast packets When a device broadcasts to its segment neighbors it uses a destination address of the local network address with all ones for the host address In order for this scheme to work all devices on the segment must agree on which bits comprise the host address e So that a local router or bridge recognizes which addresses are local and which are remote Private IP Addresses If your local network is isolated from the Internet for example when using NAT you can assign any IP addresses to the hosts without problems However the ANA has reserved the following three blocks of IP addresses specifically for private networks 10 0 0 0 10 255 255 255 P12 616 060 172 31 255 255 192 168 0 0 192 168 255 255 Choose your private network number from this range The DHCP server of the WGU624 wireless router is preconfigured to automatically assign private addresses Regardless of your particular situation do not create an arbitrary IP address always follow the guidelines explained here For more information about address assignment refer to RFC 1597 Address Allocation for Private Internets and RFC 1466 Guidelines for Management of IP Address Space The Internet Engineering Task Force IETF publishes RFCs on its Web site at http www ietf org Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 7 M 10153 01 Refe
157. reless Settings a or g link in the main menu of the WGU624 3 From the Security Encryption menu drop down list select the WEP encryption strength you will use Security Encryption WEP Key Generate Passphrase Keyl Key2 O Key3 O Key4 O Figure 4 8 Wireless Security Encryption menu 4 You can manually or automatically program the four data encryption keys These values must be identical on all PCs and Access Points in your network e Automatic enter a word or group of printable characters in the Passphrase box and click the Generate button The four key boxes will be automatically populated with key values e Manual enter 10 hexadecimal digits any combination of 0 9 a f or A F Select which of the four keys will be active Please refer to Overview of WEP Parameters on page D 5 for a full explanation of each of these options as defined by the IEEE 802 11 wireless communication standard 5 Click Apply to save your settings Wireless Configuration 4 17 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Configuring WPA PSK Encryption Security Wi Fi Protected Access WPA is wireless security with far greater protection than WEP WPS PSK pre shared key uses encryption of a shared key as the starting point WPA has a significant advantages over WEP an encryption key differing in every packet It is extremely difficult for hackers to read messages e
158. rence Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Single IP Address Operation Using NAT In the past if multiple PCs on a LAN needed to access the Internet simultaneously you had to obtain a range of IP addresses from the ISP This type of Internet account is more costly than a single address account typically used by a single user with a modem rather than a router The WGU6724 wireless router employs an address sharing method called Network Address Translation NAT This method allows several networked PCs to share an Internet account using only a single IP address which may be statically or dynamically assigned by your ISP The router accomplishes this address sharing by translating the internal LAN IP addresses to a single address that is globally unique on the Internet The internal LAN IP addresses can be either private addresses or registered addresses For more information about IP address translation refer to RFC 1631 The IP Network Address Translator NAT The following figure illustrates a single IP address operation Private IP addresses assigned by user IP addresses assigned by ISP 192 168 0 2 wee BOe Aree 8S me Leai Figure B 3 Single IP Address Operation Using NAT B 8 Network Routing Firewall and Basics M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 This scheme offers the additional benefit of firewall like pr
159. rming its diagnostic test Off Power is not supplied to the router Power On The 802 11a wireless interface is enabled a 802 11a On The 802 11g wireless interface is enabled g 802 11g Introduction 2 7 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Table 2 1 LED Descriptions On The Internet WAN port has detected a link with an attached device d Data is being transmitted or received by the Internet port Blink Internet On Green The Local LAN port has detected link with a 100 Mbps device 4 Blink Green Data is being transmitted or received at 100 Mbps On Amber The Local port has detected link with a 10 Mbps device Local Blink Amber Data is being transmitted or received at 10 Mbps Off No link is detected on this port The Router s Rear Panel The rear panel of the WGU624 wireless router contains the port connections listed below Figure 1 2 WGU624 Rear Panel Viewed from left to right the rear panel contains the following features e AC power adapter outlet e Four Local LAN 10 100 Mbps Ethernet ports the fourth can be used with a DMZ server Internet WAN Ethernet port for connecting the router to a cable or DSL modem e Factory Default Reset push button e Wireless antenna 2 8 Introduction M 10153 01 Chapter 3 Connecting the Router to the Internet This chapter describes how to set up the router on your local area ne
160. ry 3 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 DSL Short for digital subscriber line but is commonly used in reference to the asymmetric version of this technology ADSL that allows data to be sent over existing copper telephone lines at data rates of from 1 5 to 9 Mbps when receiving data known as the downstream rate and from 16 to 640 Kbps when sending data known as the upstream rate ADSL requires a special ADSL modem ADSL is growing in popularity as more areas around the world gain access DSLAM DSL Access Multiplexor The piece of equipment at the telephone company central office that provides the ADSL signal Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP An Ethernet protocol specifying how a centralized DHCP server can assign network configuration information to multiple DHCP clients The assigned information includes IP addresses DNS addresses and gateway router addresses EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol is a general protocol for authentication that supports multiple authentication methods EAP an extension to PPP supports such authentication methods as token cards Kerberos one time passwords certificates public key authentication and smart cards In wireless communications using EAP a user requests connection to a WLAN through an AP which then requests the identity of the user and transmits that identity to an authentication server such as RADIUS The server asks t
161. ryption security WEP keys can be generated manually or by passphrase WPA and WPA PSK wireless security Wireless access can be restricted by MAC address Wireless network name broadcast can be turned off so that only devices that have the network name SSID can connect Comparing the 802 11a 802 11b and 802 11g Modes The Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 offers a variety of wireless modes The table below compares some of the features of each mode 2 2 Introduction M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Table 2 1 Comparison of Wireless Modes Features 802 11b 802 11a Super A 802 11g Super G Performance 11 Mbps 54 Mbps 108 Mbps 54 Mbps 108 Mbps Range In practice Less than b More than a Two times b Four times b about 100 feet indoors Up to 1500 feet in the open Compatibility 802 11b only Only with 802 11a 802 11g and 802 11g and normal 802 11a 802 11b 802 11b Can use a g router with a b adapter Channel Any Any Any Any 6 Frequency 2 4 GHz 5 GHz 5 GHz 2 4 GHz 2 4 GHz A Powerful True Firewall with Content Filtering Unlike simple Internet sharing NAT routers the WGU624 is a true firewall using stateful packet inspection to defend against hacker attacks Its firewall features include Denial of Service DoS protection Automatically detects and thwarts DoS attacks s
162. s first opened They will then only accept traffic from the MAC address of that PC This feature allows your router to masquerade as that PC To change the MAC address select Use this Computer s MAC address The router will then capture and use the MAC address of the PC that you are now using You must be using the one PC that is allowed by the ISP Or select Use this MAC address and enter it e Click Apply to save your settings e Click Test to test your Internet connection If the NETGEAR Web site does not appear within one minute refer to Chapter 8 Troubleshooting 3 16 Connecting the Router to the Internet M 10153 01 Chapter 4 Wireless Configuration This chapter describes how to configure the wireless features of your WGU624 wireless router In planning your wireless network you should consider the level of security required You should also select the physical placement of your router in order to maximize the network speed For further information on wireless networking refer to in Appendix D Wireless Networking Basics Observing Performance Placement and Range Guidelines The operating distance or range of your wireless connection can vary significantly based on the physical placement of the wireless router The latency data throughput performance and notebook power consumption of wireless adapters also vary depending on your configuration choices Note Failure to follow these guidelin
163. service attack B 11 DHCP B 10 DHCP Client ID C 16 DMZ 2 4 7 3 DMZ Server 7 7 DNS Proxy 2 5 DNS server C 20 DNS dynamic 7 12 documentation updates 3 8 6 6 domain C 20 Domain Name 3 10 domain name server DNS B 10 DoS attack B 11 Dynamic DNS 7 12 E End Port 7 4 7 6 EnterNet C 18 erase configuration 6 8 ESSID 4 14 D 2 Ethernet 2 4 Ethernet cable B 11 F factory settings restoring 6 8 firewall features 2 3 Flash memory for firmware upgrade 2 2 front panel 2 7 2 8 fully qualified domain name FQDN 4 6 4 8 G gateway address C 20 H host name 3 10 IANA contacting B 2 IETF B 1 Web site address B 7 infrastructure mode D 2 installation 2 5 Internet account address information C 18 establishing C 18 Internet Service Provider 3 1 IP addresses C 19 C 20 and NAT B 8 and the Internet B 2 assigning B 2 B 9 auto generated 8 3 private B 7 translating B 9 IP configuration by DHCP B 10 IP networking for Macintosh C 16 for Windows C 2 C 7 ISP 3 1 L LAN IP Setup Menu 7 9 LEDs description 2 7 troubleshooting 8 2 log sending 5 8 log entries 5 6 Login 3 14 3 15 MAC address 8 7 B 9 spoofing 3 10 3 14 3 16 8 5 Macintosh C 19 configuring for IP networking C 16 DHCP Client ID C 16 Obtaining ISP Configuration Information C 20 masquerading C 18 MDI MDI X B 15 G 2 MDI MDI X wiring B 14 G 6 metric 7 14 N NAT C 18 NAT See Network Address Translation
164. sk 255 255 255 fo RIP Direction Both w RIP Version RIP 1 w E Use Router As DHCP Server Starting IP Address 192 168 o 2 Ending IP Address 192 168 o 50 Address Reservation IP Address Device Name MAC Address Figure 7 4 LAN IP Setup Menu The LAN IP parameters are IP Address This is the LAN IP address of the router IP Subnet Mask This is the LAN Subnet Mask of the router Combined with the IP address the IP Subnet Mask allows a device to know which other addresses are local to it and which must be reached through a gateway or router RIP Direction RIP Router Information Protocol allows a router to exchange routing information with other routers The RIP Direction selection controls how the router sends and receives RIP packets Both is the default e When set to Both or Out Only the router will broadcast its routing table periodically e When set to Both or In Only it will incorporate the RIP information that it receives e When set to None it will not send any RIP packets and will ignore any RIP packets received Advanced Configuration 7 9 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 RIP Version This controls the format and the broadcasting method of the RIP packets that the router sends It recognizes both formats when receiving By default this is set for RIP 1 e RIP 1 is universally supported RIP 1 is probably adequate for most networks
165. spection an incoming packet is intercepted at the network layer and then analyzed for state related information associated with all network connections A central cache within the firewall keeps track of the state information associated with all network connections All traffic passing through the firewall is analyzed against the state of these connections in order to determine whether or not it will be allowed to pass through or rejected Denial of Service Attack A hacker may be able to prevent your network from operating or communicating by launching a Denial of Service DoS attack The method used for such an attack can be as simple as merely flooding your site with more requests than it can handle A more sophisticated attack may attempt to exploit some weakness in the operating system used by your router or gateway Some operating systems can be disrupted by simply sending a packet with incorrect length information Ethernet Cabling Most Ethernet networks now use unshielded twisted pair UTP cabling UTP cable has eight wires arranged in four twisted pairs and terminated with an RJ45 connector Normal straight through UTP Ethernet cable follows the EIA568B standard as described in the table below Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 11 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Table B 3 UTP Ethernet cable wiring straight through Pin Wire color Signal
166. st If the service does not appear in the list refer to the section Adding a Port Forwarding Custom Service on page 7 3 4 Enter the IP address of the DMZ server in the corresponding Server IP Address box 5 Click Apply at the bottom of the menu Respond to Ping on Internet Port If you want the router to respond to a ping from the Internet select the Respond to Ping on Internet Port check box This should only be used as a diagnostic tool since it allows your router to be discovered Don t check this box unless you have a specific reason to do so Disable SPI Normally this option should be Enabled so that your local network will be protected by the Stateful Packet Inspection SPI firewall included in the WGU624 However certain communications functions like VPN may require turning off the SPI feature Advanced Configuration 7 7 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 MTU Size The default MTU size is usually fine The normal MTU Maximum Transmit Unit value for most Ethernet networks is 1500 Bytes For some ISPs particularly some using PPPoE you may need to reduce the MTU This should not be done unless you are sure it is necessary for your ISP Any packets sent through the router that are larger than the configured MTU size will be repackaged into smaller packets to meet the MTU requirement To change the MTU size Under MTU Size enter a new size between 64 and
167. st use of the slower WAN link a mechanism must be in place for selecting and transmitting only the data traffic meant for the Internet The function of selecting and forwarding this data is performed by a router What is a Router A router is a device that forwards traffic between networks based on network layer information in the data and on routing tables maintained by the router In these routing tables a router builds up a logical picture of the overall network by gathering and exchanging information with other routers in the network Using this information the router chooses the best path for forwarding network traffic Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 1 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Routers vary in performance and scale number of routing protocols supported and types of physical WAN connection they support The Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 is a small office router that routes the IP protocol over a single user broadband connection Routing Information Protocol One of the protocols used by a router to build and maintain a picture of the network is the Routing Information Protocol RIP Using RIP routers periodically update one another and check for changes to add to the routing table The WGU624 wireless router supports both the older RIP 1 and the newer RIP 2 protocols Among other improvements RIP 2 supports subnet and multicast protocols
168. t for Microsoft Networks Click the Properties button The following zw indows Logon TCP IP Properties window will display Description The primary network logon is the client that is used to validate your user name and password process any login scripts and perform other startup tasks Preparing Your Network C 5 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 e By default the IP Address tab is open on this window e Verify the following Obtain an IP address automatically is selected If not selected click in the radio button to the left of it to select it This setting is required to enable the DHCP server to automatically assign an IP address e Click OK to continue Restart the PC Repeat these steps for each PC with this version of Windows on your network TCP IP Properties 21x Bindings Advanced Ne sios DNS Configuration Gateway WINS Configuration IP Address An IP address can be automatically assigned to this computer If your network does not automatically assign IP addresses ask your network administrator for an address and then type itin the space below Cancel Selecting Windows Internet Access Method 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Internet Options icon 3 Select I want to set up my Intern
169. t the Power LED is on 2 After approximately 10 seconds verify that a The Local port LEDs are lit for any local ports that are connected If a port s LED is lit a link has been established to the connected device If a LAN port is connected to a 100 Mbps device verify that the port s LED is green If the port is 10 Mbps the LED will be amber b The Wireless A port LED is lit c The Wireless G port LED is lit d The Internet port LED is lit If any of these conditions does not occur refer to the appropriate following section Troubleshooting 8 1 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Power LED Not On If the Power and other LEDs are off when your router is turned on e Make sure that the power cord is properly connected to your router and that the power supply adapter is properly connected to a functioning power outlet e Check that you are using the 12 V DC 800mA power adapter supplied by NETGEAR for this product If the error persists you have a hardware problem and should contact technical support LEDs Never Turn Off When the router is turned on the LEDs turns on for about 10 seconds and then turn off If all the LEDs stay on there is a fault within the router If all LEDs are still on one minute after power up e Cycle the power to see if the router recovers e Clear the router s configuration to factory defaults This sets the router s IP address
170. tall or Verify Windows Networking Components To install or verify the necessary components for IP networking 1 On the Windows taskbar click the Start button point to Settings and then click Control Panel 2 Double click the Network and Dialup Connections icon 3 Ifan Ethernet adapter is present in your PC you should see an entry for Local Area Connection Double click that entry 4 Select Properties 5 Verify that Client for Microsoft Networks and Internet Protocol TCP IP are present If not select Install and add them 6 Select Internet Protocol TCP IP click Properties and verify that Obtain an IP address automatically is selected 7 Click OK and close all Network and Dialup Connections windows 8 Then restart your PC Preparing Your Network C 7 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP 2000 or NT4 You will find there are many similarities in the procedures for different Windows systems when using DHCP to configure TCP IP The following steps will walk you through the configuration process for each of these versions of Windows DHCP Configuration of TCP IP in Windows XP Locate your Network Neighborhood icon e Select Control Panel from the Windows XP new Start Menu e Select the Network Connections icon on the Control Panel This will take you to the next step NS Local Ar
171. te MSB The portion of a number address or field that is farthest left when written as a single number in conventional hexadecimal ordinary notation The part of the number having the most value MRU The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be sent or received MSB MSB The portion of a number address or field that is farthest left when written as a single number in conventional hexadecimal ordinary notation The part of the number having the most value MTU The size in bytes of the largest packet that can be sent or received 6 Glossary M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 NAT A technique by which several hosts share a single IP address for access to the Internet NetBIOS The Network Basic Input Output System is an application programming interface API for sharing services and information on local area networks LANs Provides for communication between stations of a network where each station is given a name These names are alphanumeric names up to 16 characters in length Network Address Translation NAT A technique by which several hosts share a single IP address for access to the Internet NIC Network Interface Card An adapter in a computer which provides connectivity to a network NID Network Interface Device The point of demarcation where the telephone line comes into the house packet A block of information sent over a network A packet typical
172. te You may have a single computer or server available for more than one type of service To do that select another service and type the same IP address for that computer or server For Internet Games or Applications Although the router causes your entire local network to appear as a single machine to the Internet you can make a local server for example a Web server or game server visible and available to the Internet Note If you are unfamiliar with networking and routing refer to Appendix B Network Routing Firewall and Basics to become more familiar with the terms and procedures used in this manual gt Use the Port Forwarding menu to configure the router to forward incoming protocols to computers on your local network In addition to servers for specific applications you can also specify a default DMZ server to which all other incoming protocols are forwarded The DMZ server must be connected to LAN port 4 on the WGU624 The DMZ port feature can be enabled in the WAN Setup menu See Configuring WAN Setup Options on page 7 6 for more information Before starting you need to determine which type of service application or game you will provide and the IP address of the computer that will provide each service Be sure the computer s IP address never changes To configure port forwarding to a local server 1 From the Service Name box select the service or game that you will host on your network 2
173. teps for each UPnP packet sent The time to live hop count is the number of steps a broadcast packet is allowed to propagate for each UPnP advertisement before it disappears The number of hops can range from 1 to 255 The default value for the advertisement time to live is 4 hops which should be fine for most home networks If you notice that some devices are not being updated or reached correctly then it may be necessary to increase this value a little Advanced Configuration 7 17 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 UPnP Portmap Table The UPnP Portmap Table displays the IP address of each UPnP device that is currently accessing the router and which ports Internal and External that device has opened The UPnP Portmap Table also displays what type of port is opened and if that port is still active for each IP address 7 18 Advanced Configuration M 10153 01 Chapter 8 Troubleshooting This chapter gives information about troubleshooting your Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 After each problem description instructions are provided to help you diagnose and solve the problem Note Product updates are available on the NETGEAR Inc Web site at http kbserver netgear com products WGU624 asp gt Basic Functioning After you turn on power to the router the following sequence of events should occur 1 When power is first applied verify tha
174. ter 32 hexadecimal digits any combination of 0 9 a f or A F These values are not case sensitive WPA Encryption You can select WPA PSK or WPA for the Security Mode The default is WPA PSK WPA Pre shared Key performs authentication uses 128 bit data encryption and dynamically changes the encryption keys making it nearly impossible to circumvent You must use the same wireless security settings on the client adapters to properly implement WPA security Security Configuration Security mode WPA PSK he Cipher Type Open System Ep O aes TKIP WPA Passphrase A G 8 63 characters Key Update Radius Server I Radius Port 185535 Radius Secret Figure 4 5 Security Modes Wireless Configuration 4 11 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Cipher Type Choices e AES Advanced Encryption Standard a symmetric 128 bit block data encryption technique It is an iterated block cipher with a variable block length and a variable key length The block length and the key length can be independently specified to 128 192 or 256 bits The U S government adopted the algorithm as its encryption technique in October 2000 replacing the DES encryption it used AES works at multiple network layers simultaneously e TKIP The Temporal Key Integrity Protocol mechanism shares a starting key between devices Each device then changes their encryption key for every packet It
175. that are free as shown below Class B _ Network Subnet Node Figure B 2 Example of Subnetting a Class B Address A Class B address can be effectively translated into multiple Class C addresses For example the IP address of 172 16 0 0 is assigned but node addresses are limited to 255 maximum allowing eight extra bits to use as a subnet address The IP address of 172 16 97 235 would be interpreted as IP network address 172 16 subnet number 97 and node number 235 In addition to extending the number of addresses available subnet addressing provides other benefits Subnet addressing allows a network manager to construct an address scheme for the network by using different subnets for other geographical locations in the network or for other departments in the organization Although the preceding example uses the entire third octet for a subnet address note that you are not restricted to octet boundaries in subnetting To create more network numbers you need only shift some bits from the host address to the network address For instance to partition a Class C network number 192 68 135 0 into two you shift one bit from the host address to the network address The new netmask or subnet mask is 255 255 255 128 The first subnet has network number 192 68 135 0 with hosts 192 68 135 1 to 129 68 135 126 and the second subnet has network number 192 68 135 128 with hosts 192 68 135 129 to 192 68 135 254 Network Rou
176. the need to run a login program such as Entersys or WinPOET on your PC Easy Installation and Management You can install configure and operate the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 within minutes after connecting it to the network The following features simplify installation and management tasks Browser based management Browser based configuration allows you to easily configure your router from almost any type of personal computer such as Windows Macintosh or Linux A user friendly Setup Wizard is provided and online help documentation is built into the browser based Web Management Interface Smart Wizard The WGU624 wireless router Smart Wizard automatically senses the type of Internet connection asking you only for the information required for your type of ISP account Introduction 2 5 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 e Firmware Auto Update The WGU624 wireless router automatically checks the Internet to see if a newer version of firmware is available If so it asks if you want to install the upgrade This lets you take advantage of product enhancements for your WGU624 as soon as they become available e Visual monitoring The WGU624 wireless router s front panel LEDs provide an easy way to monitor its status and activity Maintenance and Support NETGEAR offers the following features to help you maximize your use of the WGU624 wireless router e
177. the receiver of the other device The crossover function is usually implemented internally as part of the circuitry in the device Computers and workstation adapter cards are usually media dependent interface ports called MDI or uplink ports Most repeaters and switch ports are configured as media dependent interfaces with built in crossover ports called MDI X or normal ports Auto Uplink technology automatically senses which connection MDI or MDI X is needed and makes the right connection The figure below illustrates straight through twisted pair cable Key A UPLINK OR MDI PORT as on a PC B Normal or MDI X port as on a hub or switch 1 2 3 6 Pin numbers Figure B 4 Straight Through Twisted Pair Cable The figure below illustrates crossover twisted pair cable Key B Normal or MDI X port as on a hub or switch 1 2 3 6 Pin numbers Figure B 5 Crossover Twisted Pair Cable Network Routing Firewall and Basics B 13 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 EN IN r EF 27 1 Key 5525 1 1 RJ 45 plug 2 Category 5 UTP patch cable Figure B 6 Category 5 UTP Cable with Male RJ 45 Plug at Each End Note Flat silver satin telephone cable may have the same RJ 45 plug However using telephone cable results in excessive collisions causing the attached port to be partitioned or disconnected from the network Uplink Switches Crossover Cab
178. then the access point will refuse to authenticate the station and the station will be unable to communicate with either the 802 11 network or Ethernet network This process is illustrated in below Shared Key Authentication Steps 1 Authentication H ________ Access Point request sent to AP H BFP Cable or DLS modem 1 ay A lt mW 2 AP sends challenge text Client 3 Client encrypts attempting challenge text and gt to connect sends it back to AP Servers PC s 4 AP decrypts and if correct mM _ A authenticates client 5 Client connects to network gt Figure 6 2 Shared key authentication Overview of WEP Parameters Before enabling WEP on an 802 11 network you must first consider what type of encryption you require and the key size you want to use Typically there are three WEP Encryption options available for 802 11 products 1 Do Not Use WEP The 802 11 network does not encrypt data For authentication purposes the network uses Open System Authentication 2 Use WEP for Encryption A transmitting 802 11 device encrypts the data portion of every packet it sends using a configured WEP Key The receiving device decrypts the data using the same WEP Key For authentication purposes the wireless network uses Open System Authentication Wireless Networking Basics D 5 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router
179. thout sacrificing unauthorized access to its private network The DMZ sits between the Internet and an internal network s line of defense usually some combination of firewalls and bastion hosts Typically the DMZ contains devices accessible to Internet traffic such as Web HTTP servers FTP servers SMTP e mail servers and DNS servers e Port Forwarding with NAT Although NAT prevents Internet locations from directly accessing the PCs on the LAN the router allows you to direct incoming traffic to specific PCs based on the service port number of the incoming request or to one designated DMZ host computer You can specify forwarding of single ports or ranges of ports Autosensing Ethernet Connections with Auto Uplink With its internal 8 port 10 100 switch the WGU624 can connect to either a 10 Mbps standard Ethernet network or a 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet network Both the LAN and WAN interfaces are autosensing and capable of full duplex or half duplex operation The router incorporates Auto Uplink technology Each Ethernet port automatically senses whether the Ethernet cable plugged into the port should have a normal connection such as to a PC or an uplink connection such as to a switch or hub That port then configures itself to the correct configuration This feature also eliminates the need to worry about crossover cables as Auto Uplink accommodates either type of cable to make the right connection 2 4 Introduction
180. through an ATM network Used by ATM switching equipment to route data through the network VPN Virtual Private Network A method for securely transporting data between two private networks by using a public network such as the Internet as a connection WAN A long distance link used to extend or connect remotely located local area networks The Internet is a large WAN WEB Proxy Server A Web proxy server is a specialized HTTP server that allows clients access to the Internet from behind a firewall The proxy server listens for requests from clients within the firewall and forwards these requests to remote Internet servers outside the firewall The proxy server reads responses from the external servers and then sends them to internal client clients WEP Wired Equivalent Privacy is a data encryption protocol for 802 11b wireless networks All wireless nodes and access points on the network are configured with a 64 bit or 128 bit Shared Key for data encryption 10 Glossary M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 wide area network WAN A long distance link used to extend or connect remotely located local area networks The Internet is a large WAN Wi Fi A trade name for the 802 11b wireless networking standard given by the Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance WECA see http www wi fi net an industry standards group promoting interoperability among 802 11b devices W
181. ting Firewall and Basics B 5 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Note The number 192 68 135 127 is not assigned because it is the broadcast address C A of the first subnet The number 192 68 135 128 is not assigned because it is the network address of the second subnet The following table lists the additional subnet mask bits in dotted decimal notation To use the table write down the original class netmask and replace the 0 value octets with the dotted decimal value of the additional subnet bits For example to partition your Class C network with subnet mask 255 255 255 0 into 16 subnets 4 bits the new subnet mask becomes 255 255 255 240 Table B 1 Netmask Notation Translation Table for One Octet Number of Bits Dotted Decimal Value 128 192 224 240 248 252 254 255 ON O Oo A U N The following table displays several common netmask values in both the dotted decimal and the masklength formats Table B 2 Netmask Formats Dotted Decimal Masklength 255 0 0 0 8 255 255 0 0 16 255 255 255 0 24 255 255 255 128 25 255 255 255 192 26 255 255 255 224 27 255 255 255 240 28 255 255 255 248 29 B 6 Network Routing Firewall and Basics M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Table B 2 Netmask Formats 255 255 255 252 30 255 255 255 254 31 255 255 255 255 32 Configu
182. tion For details on EAP specifically refer to IETF s RFC 2284 802 11a IEEE specification for wireless networking at 54 Mbps operating in unlicensed radio bands over 5 GHz 802 11b IEEE specification for wireless networking at 11 Mbps using direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS technology and operating in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2 5 GHz 802 119 A soon to be ratified IEEE specification for wireless networking at 54 Mbps using direct sequence spread spectrum DSSS technology and operating in the unlicensed radio spectrum at 2 5 GHz 802 11 is backwards compatible with 802 11b Glossary 1 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 ADSL Short for asymmetric digital subscriber line a technology that allows data to be sent over existing copper telephone lines at data rates of from 1 5 to 9 Mbps when receiving data known as the downstream rate and from 16 to 640 Kbps when sending data known as the upstream rate ADSL requires a special ADSL modem ADSL is growing in popularity as more areas around the world gain access AES Advanced Encryption Standard a symmetric 128 bit block data encryption technique It is an iterated block cipher with a variable block length and a variable key length The block length and the key length can be independently specified to 128 192 or 256 bits The U S government adopted the algorithm as its encryption technique in October 2000 replacing
183. tion finds a message from an access point that has a matching SSID The station sends an authentication request to the access point The access point authenticates the station The station sends an association request to the access point The access point associates with the station OR SN AON Pee UR SS The station can now communicate with the Ethernet network through the access point An access point must authenticate a station before the station can associate with the access point or communicate with the network The IEEE 802 11 standard defines two types of authentication Open System and Shared Key e Open System Authentication allows any device to join the network assuming that the device SSID matches the access point SSID Alternatively the device can use the ANY SSID option to associate with any available Access Point within range regardless of its SSID Wireless Networking Basics D 3 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 e Shared Key Authentication requires that the station and the access point have the same WEP Key to authenticate These two authentication procedures are described below Open System Authentication The following steps occur when two devices use Open System Authentication 1 The station sends an authentication request to the access point 2 The access point authenticates the station 3 The station associates with the access point and joins th
184. to 192 168 1 1 This procedure is explained in Restoring the Default Configuration and Password on page 8 7 If the error persists you might have a hardware problem and should contact technical support Local or Internet Port LEDs Not On If either the LAN LEDs or WAN LED do not light when the Ethernet connection is made check the following e Make sure that the Ethernet cable connections are secure at the router and at the hub or workstation e Make sure that power is turned on to the connected hub or workstation e Be sure you are using the correct cable When connecting the router s WAN port to a cable or DSL modem use the cable that was supplied with the cable or DSL modem This cable could be a standard straight through Ethernet cable or an Ethernet crossover cable 8 2 Troubleshooting M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Troubleshooting the Web Configuration Interface If you are unable to access the router s Web Configuration interface from a PC on your local network check the following Check the Ethernet connection between the PC and the router as described in the previous section Make sure your PC s IP address is on the same subnet as the router If you are using the recommended addressing scheme your PC s address should be in the range of 192 168 1 2 to 192 168 1 254 Refer to Verifying TCP IP Properties on page C 6 or Verifying TCP IP
185. tocols Power Adapter North America United Kingdom Australia Europe Japan All regions output Physical Specifications Dimensions Weight Environmental Specifications Operating temperature Operating humidity TCP IP RIP 1 RIP 2 DHCP PPP over Ethernet PPPoE 120V 60 Hz input 240V 50 Hz input 230V 50 Hz input 100V 50 60 Hz input 5V DC 2 8A output 28x 175x 119mm 1 1 x 6 89 x 4 68 in 0 3 kg 0 66 1b 0 to 40 C 32 to 104 F 90 maximum relative humidity noncondensing Technical Specifications A 1 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Electromagnetic Emissions Meets requirements of Interface Specifications LAN WAN Wireless Radio Data Rates Frequency Data Encoding Maximum Computers Per Wireless Network Operating Frequency Ranges Encryption FCC Part 15 Class B EN 55 022 CISPR 22 Class B C Tick N10947 The router incorporates Auto Uplink technology which eliminates the need for crossover cables 10BASE T or 1OOBASE Tx RJ 45 autosensing and capable of full duplex or half duplex operation 10BASE T or 1OOBASE Tx RJ 45 autosensing and capable of full duplex or half duplex operation 1 2 5 5 6 9 12 18 24 36 48 and 54 Mbps Auto Rate Sensing 2 4 5 0 GHz 802 11b g 2 4 GHz to 2 5 GHz CCK and OFDM Modulation 802 11la 5 15 5 25 GHz lower band 25 5 35 GH
186. twork LAN and connect to the Internet You will find out how to configure your Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 for Internet access using the Setup Wizard or how to manually configure your Internet connection What You Will Need Before You Begin You need to prepare these three things before you begin 1 Have active Internet service such as that provided by an cable or DSL broadband account 2 Locate the Internet Service Provider ISP configuration information for your DSL account 3 Network capability to connect the router to a cable or DSL modem and a computer as explained below Cabling and Computer Hardware Requirements To use the WGU624 wireless router on your network each computer must have an installed Ethernet Network Interface Card NIC and an Ethernet cable If the computer will connect to your network at 100 Mbps you must use a Category 5 Cat 5 cable such as the one provided with your router The cable or DSL broadband modem must provide a standard 10 Mbps 10B ASE T or 100 Mbps LOBASE Tx Ethernet interface Computer Network Configuration Requirements The WGU624 includes a built in Web Configuration Manager To access the configuration menus on the WGU624 your must use a Java enabled Web browser program that supports HTTP uploads such as Microsoft Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator Use Internet Explorer or Netscape Navigator 4 0 or above For the initial setup of your router you need to
187. uch as Ping of Death SYN Flood LAND Attack and IP Spoofing Blocks unwanted traffic from the Internet to your LAN Blocks access from your LAN to Internet locations or services that you specify as off limits Logs security incidents The WGU624 will log security events such as blocked incoming traffic port scans attacks and administrator logins You can configure the router to e mail the log to you at specified intervals You can also configure the router to send immediate alert messages to your e mail address or e mail pager whenever a significant event occurs The WGU624 prevents objectionable content from reaching your PCs The router allows you to control access to Internet content by screening for keywords within Web addresses You can configure the router to log and report attempts to access objectionable Internet sites Introduction 2 3 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Security The WGU624 wireless router is equipped with several features designed to maintain security as described in this section e PCs Hidden by NAT NAT opens a temporary path to the Internet for requests originating from the local network Requests originating from outside the LAN are discarded preventing users outside the LAN from finding and directly accessing the PCs on the LAN e DMZ Hardware Port A Demilitarized Zone DMZ is used by a company that wants to host its own Internet services wi
188. ult reset button on the rear panel of the router Use this method for cases when the administration password or IP address is not known To restore the factory default configuration settings without knowing the administration password or IP address you must use the default reset button on the rear panel of the router See The Router s Rear Panel on page 2 8 for a picture of the button 1 Press and hold the default reset button until the Test LED turns on about 10 seconds 2 Release the default reset button and wait for the router to reboot Problems with Date and Time The E Mail menu in the Content Filtering section displays the current date and time of day The WGU6 24 wireless router uses the Network Time Protocol NTP to obtain the current time from one of several Network Time Servers on the Internet Each entry in the log is stamped with the date and time of day Problems with the date and time function can include e Date shown is January 1 2000 Cause The router has not yet successfully reached a Network Time Server Check that your Internet access settings are configured correctly If you have just completed configuring the router wait at least five minutes and check the date and time again Troubleshooting 8 7 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Time is off by one hour Cause The router does not automatically sense Daylight Savings Time In the E Mail menu
189. unless you have an unusual network setup e RIP 2 carries more information Both RIP 2B and RIP 2M send the routing data in RIP 2 format e RIP 2B uses subnet broadcasting e RIP 2M uses multicasting Multicasting can reduce the load on non router machines because they do not listen to the RIP multicast address and will not receive the RIP packets However if one router uses multicasting then all routers on your network must use multicasting Note If you change the LAN IP address of the router while connected through the browser you will be disconnected You may need to restart your computer for the new IP address setting to take effect Using the Router as a DHCP Server By default the router will function as a DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server allowing it to assign IP DNS server and default gateway addresses to all computers connected to the router s LAN The assigned default gateway address is the LAN address of the router IP addresses will be assigned to the attached PCs from a pool of addresses specified in this menu Each pool address is tested before it is assigned to avoid duplicate addresses on the LAN For most applications the default DHCP and TCP IP settings of the router are satisfactory See IP Configuration by DHCP on page B 10 for an explanation of DHCP and information about how to assign IP addresses for your network If another device on your network is the DHCP server or if you will
190. urces that are available on its network The simplest way to configure this information is to allow the PC to obtain the information from a DHCP server in the network You will find there are many similarities in the procedures for different Windows systems when using DHCP to configure TCP IP The following steps will walk you through the configuration process for each of these versi ons of Windows Locate your Network Neighborhood icon If the Network Neighborhood icon is on the Windows desktop position your mouse pointer over it and right click your mouse button If the icon is not on the desktop e Click Start on the task bar located at the bottom left of the window e Choose Settings and then Control Panel e Locate the Network Neighborhood icon and click on it This will open the Network panel as shown below C 4 Preparing Your Network M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Network 21x Configuration Identification Access Control The following network components are installed E Client for Microsoft Networks Verify the following settings as shown 3Com Fast EtherLink xL 10 100Mb TX Ethernet Adapter TCP IP e Client for Microsoft Network exists e Ethernet adapter is present e TCP IP is present Add Bemove Prapenies e Primary Network Logon is set to Primary Network Logon Windows logon Client for Microsoft Networks 7 Clien
191. urn Remote Management On check box 2 Specify what external addresses will be allowed to access the router s remote management Note For enhanced security restrict access to as few external IP addresses as practical e To allow access from any IP address on the Internet select Everyone e To allow access from a range of IP addresses on the Internet select IP address range Enter a beginning and ending IP address to define the allowed range e To allow access from a single IP address on the Internet select Only this PC Enter the IP address that will be allowed access 3 Specify the Port Number that will be used for accessing the management interface Web browser access normally uses the standard HTTP service port 80 For greater security you can change the remote management Web interface to a custom port by entering that number in the box provided Choose a number between 1024 and 65535 but do not use the number of any common service port The default is 8080 which is a common alternate for HTTP 4 Click Apply to have your changes take effect Note When accessing your router from the Internet you will type your router s WAN IP address into your browser s Address in IE or Location in Netscape box followed by a colon and the custom port number For example if your external address is 134 177 0 123 and you use port number 8080 you must enter ittp 134 177 0 123 S080 in your browser 7 16 Advanced Configuration
192. ven if they have intercepted the data To enable WPA PSK Encryption Security 1 Click the Wireless Settings a or g link in the main menu of the WGU624 wireless router 2 Select WPA PSK Security Configuration Security mode WPA PSK v Cipher Type Disable WEP AES O TKIP WPA Passphrase NETGEAR ULTRAG 8 63 characters Key Update o 0 unlimit or 15 1800 Radius Server i I I Radius Port 1 65538 Radius Secret Figure 4 9 WPA PSK Security Configuration 3 For the Cipher Type select AES or TKIP 4 Enter a Passphrase The Passphrase can be between 8 and 63 characters The default Passphrase is NETGEAR ULTRA G 5 The default for the Key Update time is 0 which is unlimited If you want to limit the key Update period select a value between 15 and 1800 seconds 6 Click Apply For more information on WPA security see WPA Wireless Security on page D 8 4 18 Wireless Configuration M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Configuring Advanced Wireless Settings The advanced wireless settings are configured separately for the 802 11a and 802 11g protocols Default Advanced Wireless Settings The default advanced wireless settings are shown in the table below Note These settings should work for most networks and should not be changed unless you have a specific reason to do so Table 4 4 Default A
193. vider in the Basic Settings menu and you will see the following menu Basic Settings Does Your Internet Connection Require A Login Yes O No Internet Service Provider Telstra Bigpond v Login Password Authentication Server sm se rer Domain Name Server DNS Address Get Automatically From ISP Use These DNS Servers Primary DNS Secondary DNS Router MAC Address Use Default MAC Address Ouse Computer MAC Address O Use This MAC Address 00 09 5B Apply Cancel Test Figure 3 10 Telstra Bigpond Cable menu To configure your Internet service connection for Telstra Bigpond fill in the following fields Enter your Login Password and Authentication Server These fields are case sensitive If you know that your ISP does not automatically transmit DNS addresses to the router during login select Use these DNS servers and enter the IP address of your ISP s Primary DNS Server If a Secondary DNS Server address is available enter it also Note If you enter DNS addresses restart your computers so that these settings take effect Connecting the Router to the Internet 3 15 M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 e The Router Mac Address section determines the Ethernet MAC address that will be used by the router on the Internet port Some ISPs register the Ethernet MAC address of the network interface card in your PC when your account i
194. virtual private network VPN by embedding Microsoft s network protocol into Internet packets PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network Public Key Infrastructure PKIX The most widely used standard for defining digital certificates X 509 is actually an ITU Recommendation which means that it has not yet been officially defined or approved As a result companies have implemented the standard in different ways For example both Netscape and Microsoft use X 509 certificates to implement SSL in their Web servers and browsers But an X 509 Certificate generated by Netscape may not be readable by Microsoft products and vice versa RADIUS Short for Remote Authentication Dial In User Service RADIUS is an authentication system Using RADIUS you must enter your user name and password before gaining access to a network This information is passed to a RADIUS server which checks that the information is correct and then authorizes access Though not an official standard the RADIUS specification is maintained by a working group of the IETF RFC Request For Comment Refers to documents published by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF proposing standard protocols and procedures for the Internet RFCs can be found at www ietf org RIP A protocol in which routers periodically exchange information with one another so that they can determine minimum distance paths between sources and destinations router A device that forwards data betw
195. well as providing a vehicle for dynamically varying data encryption keys via EAP from a RADIUS server for example This framework enables using a central authentication server which employs mutual authentication so that a rogue wireless user does not join the network It is important to note that 802 1x does not provide the actual authentication mechanisms When using 802 1x the EAP type such as Transport Layer Security EAP TLS or EAP Tunneled Transport Layer Security EAP TTLS defines how the authentication takes place Note For environments with a Remote Authentication Dial In User Service RADIUS infrastructure WPA supports Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP For environments without a RADIUS infrastructure WPA supports the use of a pre shared key Together these technologies provide a framework for strong user authentication Windows XP implements 802 1x natively and several NETGEAR switch and wireless access point products support 802 1x D 12 Wireless Networking Basics M 10153 01 Reference Manual for the Double 108 Mbps Wireless Firewall Router WGU624 Client with a WPA enabled wireless adapter and supplicant Win XP Funk For example a For example a Meetinghouse WPA enabled AP RADIUS server Supplicant B Authentic ator Authenticating Server Challenge chat Identity Identity O gt Request Request Credentials Credentials Credentials Credentials gt gt ut
196. ys are determined e The synchronized changing of the unicast encryption key for each frame e The determination of a unique starting unicast encryption key for each preshared key authentication Michael With 802 11 and WEP data integrity is provided by a 32 bit integrity check value ICV that is appended to the 802 11 payload and encrypted with WEP Although the ICV is encrypted you can use cryptanalysis to change bits in the encrypted payload and update the encrypted ICV without being detected by the receiver With WPA a method known as Michael specifies a new algorithm that calculates an 8 byte message integrity check MIC using the calculation facilities available on existing wireless devices The MIC is placed between the data portion of the IEEE 802 11 frame and the 4 byte ICV The MIC field is encrypted together with the frame data and the ICV Michael also provides replay protection A new frame counter in the IEEE 802 11 frame is used to prevent replay attacks Optional AES Support to be Phased In One of the encryption methods supported by WPA besides TKIP is the advanced encryption standard AES although AES support will not be required initially for Wi Fi certification This is viewed as the optimal choice for security conscience organizations but the problem with AES is that it requires a fundamental redesign of the NIC s hardware in both the station and the access point TKIP is a pragmatic compromise that allows orga
197. z middle band 725 5 825 GHz hi band Limited by the amount of wireless network traffic generated by each node Typically up to 30 nodes 2 412 2 462 GHz US 2 457 2 462 GHz Spain 2 412 2 484 GHz Japan 2 457 2 472 GHz France 2 412 2 472 GHz Europe ETSI 40 bit also called 64 bit 128 bit and 152 bit WEP data encryption WPA encryption A 2 Technical Specifications M 10153 01 Appendix B Network Routing Firewall and Basics This chapter provides an overview of IP networks routing and networking Related Publications As you read this document you may be directed to various Request For Comment RFC documents for further information An RFC is a document published by the Internet Engineering Task Force IETF an open organization that defines the architecture and operation of the Internet The RFC documents outline and define the standard protocols and procedures for the Internet The documents are listed on the World Wide Web at http ww ietf org and are mirrored and indexed at many other sites worldwide Basic Router Concepts Large amounts of bandwidth can be provided easily and relatively inexpensively in a local area network LAN However providing high bandwidth between a local network and the Internet can be very expensive Because of this expense Internet access is usually provided by a slower speed wide area network WAN link such as a cable or DSL modem In order to make the be

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