Home

Juniper Networks EX2500 User's Manual

1. 0 26 Figure 6 Sample Network with Multiple VLANS 0 cee eeeneeeees 27 Figure 7 Two VLANs on One Spanning Tree Group 37 Figure 8 Two VLANs Each on a Different Spanning Tree Group 38 Figure 9 Implementing Multiple Spanning Tree Groups ee 40 Figure 10 Port Trunk Group Configuration Example c0cceeeeeees 45 Figtir TF QoS Model wie 58 a o Red Ses 52 Figur 12 Layer 3 IPv4 Packets i2a2 0 85 2 3 Ab ASAT lianas 60 Figure 13 Layer 2 802 1q 802 1p VLAN Tagged Packet eee 63 Figure 14 Uplink Failure Detection EXaMpl e iner aaae ash 76 Figure POR MONITOTING POLLS wisest latina Suet TAA dani Sree Biase Eagles 81 List of Figures m vii EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide viii m List of Figures List of Tables Tab Tab Tab el e2 e3 Table 4 Tab e5 Table 6 Tab Tab Tab Tab Tab Tab Tab Tab Tab Tab erT e 8 e9 elo ell e 12 e 13 e 14 els e 16 INOLIGE ICONS 20 chen rae Staenteteatelsd abla Gla del dto Mean tinge laa xii EX2500 Text and Syntax CONVENtiOns eee eeeeeeeeeeeeees xii EX2500 Ethernet Switch Documentation eerren xiii User ACEESS evalua eee Mes fot ue steal eR TA 13 EX2500 Proprietary Attributes for RADIUS 0 0 00 eees 13 Default TACACS Authorization Levels 15 Alternate TACACS Authorization Levels 15 Components of Sample Network with Multiple VLANS 0 27 Ports Trunk Groups
2. SSH is a protocol that enables remote administrators to log securely into the EX2500 over a network to execute management commands SSH provides the following benefits m Authentication of remote administrators m Identifying the administrator using Name and Password m Authorization of remote administrators m Determining the permitted actions and customizing service for individual administrators m Encryption of management messages m Encrypting messages between the remote administrator and switch The EX2500 implementation of SSH supports versions 1 0 and 2 0 and SSH client versions 1 5 through 2 x Configuring SSH Features on the Switch SSH is disabled by default Before you can use SSH commands on the switch turn on SSH as follows ex2500 config ssh enable SSH Encryption of Management Messages The following encryption and authentication methods are supported for SSH m Server Host Authentication Client RSA authenticates the switch at the beginning of every connection m Key Exchange RSA m Encryption 3DES CBC and DES m User Authentication Local password authentication Generating RSA Host and Server Keys for SSH Access To support the SSH server feature two sets of RSA keys host and server keys are required The host key is 1024 bits and is used to identify the EX2500 switch The server key is 768 bits and is used to make it impossible for someone to decipher a captured session by breaking into the EX2500 sw
3. communicates to the RADIUS server to authenticate and authorize a remote administrator using the protocol definitions specified in RFCs 2138 and 2866 Transactions between the client and the RADIUS server are authenticated by a shared key that is not sent over the network In addition the remote administrator passwords are sent encrypted between the RADIUS client the switch and the back end RADIUS server How RADIUS Authentication Works 1 The remote administrator connects to the switch and provides username and password 2 Using Authentication Authorization protocol the switch sends request to authentication server 3 The authentication server checks the request against the user ID database 4 Using RADIUS protocol the authentication server instructs the switch to grant or deny administrative access Configuring RADIUS on the Switch Use the following procedure to configure RADIUS authentication on your switch 1 Configure the Primary and Secondary RADIUS servers and enable RADIUS authentication ex2500 config radius server primary host 10 10 1 1 ex2500 config radius server secondary host 10 10 1 2 ex2500 config radius server enable 2 Configure the RADIUS secret ex2500 config radius server primary host 10 10 1 1 key lt 1 32 character secret gt ex2500 config radius server secondary host 10 10 1 2 key lt 1 32 character secret gt Securing Access to the Switch m 11 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration
4. 1 Select a VLAN and define the private VLAN type as primary ex2500 config vlan 100 ex2500 config vlan enable ex2500 config vlan H member 2 ex2500 config vlan private vlan type primary ex2500 config vlan private vlan enable ex2500 config vlan exit 2 Configure a secondary VLAN and map it to the primary VLAN ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 config vlan 110 config vlan enable config vlan member 3 config vlan member 4 config vlan private vlan type isolated config vlan private vlan map 100 config vlan private vlan enable config vlan exit apa e zz IZ 3 Verify the configuration ex2500 config show private vlan Private VLAN Type Mapped To Status Ports 100 primary 110 ena 2 110 isolated 100 ena 3 4 30 m Private VLANs Chapter 3 Spanning Tree Protocol When multiple paths exist on a network Spanning Tree Protocol configures the network so that a switch uses only the most efficient path The following topics are discussed in this chapter Spanning Tree Overview on page 31 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol on page 35 Per VLAN Rapid Spanning Tree on page 37 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol on page 39 Fast Uplink Convergence on page 41 Spanning Tree Overview Spanning Tree Protocol STP detects and eliminates logical loops in a bridged or switched network When multiple paths exist Spanning Tree configures the network so that a switch uses only the most
5. About This Guide List of Technical Publications Table 3 lists the documentation supporting the EX2500 Ethernet Switch All documentation for EX Series Ethernet Switches is available at http www juniper net techpubs Table 3 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Documentation Document Description EX2500 Ethernet Switch Quick Start Provides brief installation and initial configuration instructions EX2500 Ethernet Switch Hardware Guide Provides information and instructions for installing an EX2500 Ethernet Switch EX2500 Ethernet Switch Web Device Manager Guide Provides an overview of how to access and use the EX2500 Web Device Manager EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide Describes how to configure and use the software on the EX2500 Ethernet Switch EX2500 Ethernet Switch Command Reference Describes how to configure and use the software with your EX2500 Ethernet Switch The reference lists each command and includes the complete syntax and a functional description using the EX2500 command line interface CLI EX2500 Ethernet Switch 3 0 Release Notes Summarize EX2500 switch features and known problems provide information that might have been omitted from the manuals and provide upgrade and downgrade instructions Documentation Feedback We encourage you to provide feedback comments and suggestions so that we can improve the documentation Send e mail to techpubs comments juniper net with
6. Part 3 Table of Contents HIStory MIB ODject Dirt baten Contisuring RMON ESTOY eede benei ree a eaea er a a EEEE E N RMON Group 3 Alai S ae e a otaa ea a ia ed Alarni MIB ODIOCtS etnon era aaan e alarde E E ete Configuring RMON Alaris erstes E a a E AEA RMON Group I EVENTS ee aa eaaa aehan bes latas R det IGMP A O E a A uge ies a a a r e a Se EEA IGMPV5 SNOOPIN Ener a e a e a a E Hate IGMP Snooping Configuration Example oonnnncccnnocccccccccncccnian canon nn ncccccinincnnna Static Multicast ROUTER arar ltd lt ea High Availability Through Uplink Failure Detection High Availability OVERVIEW catador asis Failure Detection Palit harta A a a a rt oie Spanning Tree Protocol withURD canada e a eee a ATEA UFD Configuration Guidelines giani ao ideiara ai ie e aaaea a Aai i UFD Configuration EXample cita lo i i ean aieiai Monit rinSU ED conca eaaa Aa a e Be ees tile Lea ta ae N Appendixes Monitoring Ports with Port Mirroring P tt Mirroring OVERVIEW e ne tearre ta a id N E Y C nfig ring Port Mirroring orrie riihen ii slags A Indexes 71 71 12 73 13 74 List of Figures Figure 1 Default VLAN SEMINE S aeii ara ena E A E E AEE AS 24 Figure 2 Port Based VLAN ASSISNMENE aeeie E A 25 Figure 3 802 10 Tagging after Port Based VLAN Assignment 4 25 Figure 4 802 10 Tag ASSIZMMENL cece e eee e cette tet eteeee teens 25 Figure 5 802 10 Tagging after 802 10 Tag Assignment
7. 232 1 1 1 2 4 V3 INC 4 16 Yes 232 1 1 1 2 4 V3 INC No 10 10 10 43 235 0 0 1 9 1 V3 INC 2 26 Yes 236 0 0 1 9 1 V3 EXC Yes show ip igmp mrouter VLAN Port Version Expires Max Query Resp Time QRV QQIC 1 4 V2 static 2 3 v3 4 09 128 2 125 These commands display information about IGMP Groups and Mrouters learned by the switch Static Multicast Router 74 m Static Multicast Router A static multicast router Mrouter can be configured for a particular port ona particular VLAN A static Mrouter does not have to be learned through IGMP Snooping Any data port can accept a static Mrouter When you configure a static Mrouter on a VLAN it replaces any dynamic Mrouters learned through IGMP Snooping Use the following procedure to configure a static multicast router Mrouter 1 For each Mrouter configure a port or trunk group 1 through 24 or po1 through po24 VLAN 1 through 4094 and version 1 through 3 ex2500 config ip igmp mrouter 5 1 2 The IGMP version is set for each VLAN and cannot be configured separately for each Mrouter Verify the configuration ex2500 config show ip igmp mrouter Chapter 8 High Availability Through Uplink Failure Detection This chapter describes how to use Uplink Failure Detection UFD to ensure that network resources remain available if one switch is removed for service The following topics are discussed in this chapter m High Availability Overview on page 75
8. Enterprise Enterprise Routing Switch Routing Switch DE LtM EX2500 EX2500 LtD NIC NIC 1 2 Server Failure Detection Pair To use UFD you must configure a Failure Detection Pair and then turn UFD on A Failure Detection Pair consists of the following groups of ports m Link to Monitor LtM The Link to Monitor group consists of one port or one trunk group The switch monitors the LtM for link failure m Link to Disable LtD The Link to Disable group consists of one or more ports and trunk groups When the switch detects a link failure on the LtM it automatically disables all ports in the LtD When the LtM returns to service the switch automatically enables all ports in the LtD Spanning Tree Protocol with UFD If Spanning Tree Protocol STP is enabled on ports in the LtM then the switch monitors the STP state and the link status on ports in the LtM The switch automatically disables the ports in the LtD when it detects a link failure or STP BLOCKING state When the switch determines that ports in the LtM are in the FORWARDING state then it automatically enables the ports in the LtD to fall back to normal operation UFD Configuration Guidelines 76 m Failure Detection Pair This section provides important information about configuring UFD m Only one Failure Detection pair one group of Links to Monitor and one group of Links to Disable is supported on the
9. Guide If desired you may change the default UDP port number used to listen to RADIUS The well known port for RADIUS is 1812 ex2500 config radius server port lt UDP port number gt Configure the number of retry attempts for contacting the RADIUS server and the timeout period ex2500 config radius server retransmit 3 ex2500 config radius server timeout 5 RADIUS Authentication Features in the EX2500 Switch The EX2500 switch supports the following RADIUS authentication features 12 m Securing Access to the Switch Supports a RADIUS client on the switch based on the protocol definitions in RFC 2138 and RFC 2866 Allows a RADIUS secret password of up to 32 bytes and less than 16 octets Supports a secondary authentication server so that when the primary authentication server is unreachable the switch can send client authentication requests to the secondary authentication server Use the following command to show the currently active RADIUS authentication server ex2500 show radius server Supports user configurable RADIUS server retry and time out values Time out value 1 to 10 seconds m Retries 1 through 3 The switch will time out if it does not receive a response from the RADIUS server in 1 through 3 retries The switch will also automatically retry connecting to the RADIUS server before it declares the server down Supports a user configurable RADIUS application port The default is 1812 UDP based on RFC 213
10. STG 1 forwarding 9 STG 1 forwarding 16 STG 1 forwarding Information about each port in each configured trunk group is displayed Make sure that trunk groups consist of the expected ports and that each port is in the expected state The following restrictions apply m Any physical switch port can belong to only one trunk group m Up to 12 ports can belong to the same trunk group m All ports in static trunks must be have the same link configuration speed duplex flow control m Trunking from third party devices must comply with EtherChannel technology Chapter 4 Ports and Trunking Configurable Trunk Hash Algorithm This feature allows you to configure parameters for the trunk hash algorithm instead of using the default values Use the IP Trunk Hash commands to configure new default behavior for Layer 2 traffic and Layer 3 traffic The trunk hash settings affect both static trunks and LACP trunks You can select a minimum of one or a maximum of two parameters to create one of the following configurations m Source MAC SMAC ex2500 config portchannel hash source mac address m Destination MAC DMAC ex2500 config portchannel hash destination mac address m Source MAC SMAC Destination MAC DMAC ex2500 config portchannel hash source destination mac m Source IP SIP ex2500 config portchannel hash source ip address m Destination IP DIP ex2500 config portchannel hash destination ip address m Source IP S
11. access to its services The EX2500 switch supports ASCII inbound login to the device PAP CHAP and ARAP login methods TACACS change password requests and one time password authentication are not supported Authorization Authorization is the action of determining a user s privileges on the device and usually takes place after authentication Chapter 1 Accessing the Switch The default mapping between TACACS authorization levels and EX2500 management access levels is shown in Table 6 The authorization levels must be defined on the TACACS server Table 6 Default TACACS Authorization Levels EX2500 User Access Level TACACS level user 0 oper 3 admin 6 Alternate mapping between TACACS authorization levels and EX2500 management access levels is shown in Table 7 Use the following command to set the alternate TACACS authorization levels ex2500 config tacacs server privilege mapping Table 7 Alternate TACACS Authorization Levels EX2500 User Access Level TACACS level user 0 1 oper 6 8 admin 14 15 If the remote user is successfully authenticated by the authentication server the switch verifies the privileges of the remote user and authorizes the appropriate access The administrator has an option to allow secure backdoor access via Telnet or SSH Secure backdoor provides switch access when the TACACS servers cannot be reached You always can access the switch via the console
12. add the VLAN to the STG Each STG is enabled by default and assigned an ID number from 2 to 128 By default the spanning tree on the management port is turned off Why Do We Need Multiple Spanning Trees The following examples describe why we need multiple spanning trees In Figure 7 VLAN 1 and VLAN 2 pass traffic between switch 1 and switch 2 If you have a single Spanning Tree Group the switches see an apparent physical loop and one VLAN might become blocked affecting connectivity even though no logical loop exists VLAN 2 traffic is blocked unnecessarily Figure 7 Two VLANs on One Spanning Tree Group VLAN 1 STG 1 Switch 1 generar t Switch 2 a VLAN 2 STG 1 VLAN 2 traffic blocked by STG 1 Per VLAN Rapid Spanning Tree m 37 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide In Figure 8 VLAN 1 and VLAN 2 belong to different Spanning Tree Groups The two instances of Spanning Tree separate the topology without forming a loop Both VLANs can forward packets between the switches without losing connectivity Figure 8 Two VLANs Each on a Different Spanning Tree Group VLAN 1 STG 1 Switch 1 y SET t Switch 2 f VLAN 2 STG 2 VLAN 1 passes traffic on STG 1 VLAN 2 passes traffic on STG 2 PVRST Configuration Guidelines This section provides important information about configuring Per VLAN Rapid Spanning Tree Groups Configuring PVRST 38 m Per VLAN Rapid Spanning Tree By defaul
13. and VLANS 00ooooooocccccccccccococonnnnnnnnonononnnnnnnnnnnos 32 RODPVSxOTP POG Stalesy ss atish te adh acid dh Molen e EAA RATEMA AA 35 Actor vs Partner LACP Configuration oooonninnnonncconcccccccccnonanannnnnnnos 48 Well Known Protocol Types oooooconcccnncccccccccononanonnnnnnnccnnnonaninanannnnns 54 Well Known Application POTES cccccceceeeeeeeeeteteteeteeeeeeeeeeeeeees 55 ASSUPED F rwarding nar ni li dll n A EMAA an 61 Class Selecione gues by 61 Default QOS Service Levels erein t u i EO e a 62 List of Tables W ix EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide X List of Tables About This Guide Objectives Audience This preface provides the following guidelines for using the Juniper Networks EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide m Objectives on page xi m Audience on page xi Supported Platforms on page xi Documentation Conventions on page xii m List of Technical Publications on page xiii Documentation Feedback on page xiii m Requesting Technical Support on page xiii This guide describes how to configure and use the software on the EX2500 Ethernet Switch NOTE This guide documents Release 3 0 of the EX2500 Ethernet Switch For additional information either corrections to or information that might have been omitted from this manual see the EX2500 Ethernet Switch 3 0 Release Notes at http www juniper net This guide is intended for network installers and system administrators
14. efficient path If that path fails Spanning Tree automatically sets up another active path on the network to sustain network operations The EX2500 switch supports the following Spanning Tree Protocols IEEE 802 1D 2004 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol RSTP RSTP enhances the Spanning Tree Protocol to provide rapid convergence on Spanning Tree Group 1 IEEE 802 1Q 2003 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol MSTP which extends RSTP to multiple Spanning Tree Groups STGs MSTP provides both rapid convergence and load balancing in a VLAN environment using multiple VLANs in each Spanning Tree Group STG Per VLAN Rapid Spanning Tree Plus Protocol PVRST which enhances the RSTP protocol by adding the ability to have multiple Spanning Tree Groups PVRST is based on IEEE 802 1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Spanning Tree Overview m 31 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide The relationship between port trunk groups VLANs and spanning trees is shown in Table 9 Table 9 Ports Trunk Groups and VLANs Switch Element Belongs to Port Trunk group or One or more VLANs Trunk group One or more VLANS VLAN non default RSTP All VLANs in STG 1 PVRST One VLAN per Spanning Tree Group MSTP Multiple VLANs per Spanning Tree Group NOTE Due to Spanning Tree s sequence of discarding learning and forwarding lengthy delays might occur You can use a port s spanning tree edge command to permit a port
15. engaged in configuring and maintaining a network Administrators must be familiar with Ethernet concepts IP addressing the IEEE 802 1D Spanning Tree Protocol STP and SNMP configuration Supported Platforms The features described in this guide are supported by only the EX2500 software running on EX2500 Ethernet Switches only Objectives m Xi xii EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide Documentation Conventions Table 1 describes the notice icons used in this manual Table 2 describes the EX2500 text and syntax conventions Table 1 Notice Icons Icon Meaning Description gt Informational note Indicates important features or instructions A Caution Indicates a situation that might result in loss of data or hardware damage Warning Alerts you to the risk of personal injury or death Laser warning Alerts you to the risk of personal injury from a laser Table 2 EX2500 Text and Syntax Conventions Convention Usage Examples Bold text like this Names of windows dialog boxes buttons tabs Click the Submit button on the bottom of the form and other objects in a user interface that you click or select Bold text like this In syntax descriptions and set off command Main sys examples text you must type exactly as shown Braces Required elements in syntax that has more than one option You must choose one of the options Do not type th
16. ex2500 config rmon alarm lt alarm number gt fall event lt event number gt RMON events use SNMP and syslogs to send notifications Therefore an SNMP trap host must be configured for trap event notification to work properly RMON uses a syslog host to send syslog messages Therefore an existing syslog host must be configured for event log notification to work properly Each log event generates a syslog of type RMON that corresponds to the event Use the following commands to configure RMON event parameters ex2500 config rmon event 110 type log only ex2500 config rmon event 110 description SYSLOG_this_alarm ex2500 config rmon event 110 owner log icmpInEchos alarm This configuration creates an RMON event that sends a syslog message each time it is triggered by an alarm RMON Group 9 Events m 69 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide 70 m RMON Group 9 Events Chapter 7 IGMP IGMP Snooping Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP is used by IP Multicast routers to learn about the existence of host group members on their directly attached subnet see RFC 2236 The IP Multicast routers get this information by broadcasting IGMP Membership Queries and listening for IP hosts reporting their host group memberships This process is used to set up a client server relationship between an IP Multicast source that provides the data streams and the clients that want to receive the data The EX2500 switch can
17. ex2500 config snmp server target address 11 parameters name v3param ex2500 config snmp server target parameters 11 name v3param ex2500 config snmp server target parameters 11 user name v3trap ex2500 config snmp server target parameters 11 level authNoPriv Securing Access to the Switch 10 m Securing Access to the Switch Secure switch management is needed for environments that perform significant management functions across the Internet Common functions for secured management are described in the following sections RADIUS Authentication and Authorization on page 11 m TACACS Authentication on page 14 m End User Access Control on page 18 Chapter 1 Accessing the Switch RADIUS Authentication and Authorization The EX2500 switch supports the RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial in User Service method to authenticate and authorize remote administrators for managing the switch This method is based on a client server model The Remote Access Server RAS the switch is a client to the back end database server A remote user the remote administrator interacts only with the RAS not the back end server and database RADIUS authentication consists of the following components A protocol with a frame format that utilizes UDP over IP based on RFC 2138 and RFC 2866 m A centralized server that stores all the user authorization information m Aclient in this case the switch The EX2500 switch acting as the RADIUS client
18. in these illustrations might not directly correspond to the physical port configuration of your switch model When a VLAN is configured ports are added as members of the VLAN and the ports are defined as either tagged or untagged see Figure 2 through Figure 5 The default configuration settings for the EX2500 switch have all ports set as untagged members of VLAN 1 with all ports configured as PVID 1 In the default configuration example shown in Figure 1 all incoming packets are assigned to VLAN 1 by the default port VLAN identifier PVID 1 Figure 2 through Figure 5 illustrate generic examples of VLAN tagging In Figure 2 untagged incoming packets are assigned directly to VLAN 2 PVID 2 Port 5 is configured as a tagged member of VLAN 2 and port 7 is configured as an untagged member of VLAN 2 E NOTE The port assignments in the following figures are not meant to match the EX2500 switch Figure 2 Port Based VLAN Assignment 2 PVID Untagged packet CRC Data SA DA Before de Chapter 2 VLANs Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Tagged member Port 4 of VLAN 2 802 1Q Switch Port 5 Port 6 Port 7 Port 8 Untagged member of VLAN 2 BS45011A As shown in Figure 3 the untagged packet is marked tagged as it leaves the switch through port 5 which is configured as a tagged member of VLAN 2 The untagged pack
19. multicast traffic can result in a broadcast storm A broadcast storm can overwhelm your network with constant broadcast or multicast traffic and degrade network performance Common symptoms of a broadcast storm are slow network response times and network operations timing out Unicast packets whose destination MAC address is not in the Forwarding Database are unknown unicasts When an unknown unicast is encountered the switch handles it like a broadcast packet and floods it to all other ports in the VLAN broadcast domain A high rate of unknown unicast traffic can have the same negative effects as a broadcast storm Configuring Storm Control Configure broadcast filters on each port that requires broadcast storm control Set a threshold that defines the total number of broadcast packets transmitted in megabits per second When the threshold is reached no more packets of the specified type are transmitted To filter broadcast packets on a port use the following commands ex2500 config interface port 1 ex2500 config if broadcast threshold lt packet rate 100 10000 gt ex2500 config if exit To filter multicast packets on a port use the following commands ex2500 config interface port 1 ex2500 config if multicast threshold lt packet rate 100 10000 gt ex2500 config if exit To filter unknown unicast packets on a port use the following commands ex2500 config interface port 1 ex2500 config if dest lookup thres
20. numbered from 128 through 254 Use IP Extended ACLs to filter traffic using the following criteria m Source IP address or network mask m Destination IP address or network mask IP protocol number or name as shown in Table 12 TCP UDP application ports as shown in Table 13 on page 55 m TCP flags m ICMP message code and type m Type of Service ToS value m DSCP value To create an IP Extended ACL ex2500 config access list ip 128 extended ex2500 config ext nacl To delete an IP Extended ACL ex2500 config no access list ip 128 extended ex2500 config Table 12 Well Known Protocol Types Number Protocol Name 1 icmp 4 ip 6 tcp 17 udp 89 ospf 103 pim 54 Em Using ACL Filters Table 13 Well Known Application Ports Chapter 5 Quality of Service TCP UDP TCP UDP TCP UDP Number Application Number Application Number Application 20 ftp data 79 finger 179 bgp 21 ftp 80 http 194 irc 22 ssh 09 pop2 220 imap3 23 telnet 10 pop3 389 Idap 25 smtp 11 sunrpc 443 https 37 time 19 nntp 520 rip 42 name 23 ntp 554 rtsp 43 whois 43 imap 1645 1812 RADIUS 53 domain 44 news 1813 RADIUS accounting 69 tftp 61 snmp 1985 hsrp 70 gopher 62 snmptrap Understanding ACL Priority Each ACL has a unique priority value based on its number The lower the ACL number the higher the priority so ACL 1 has the highest priority The priority value is used to decide which ACL rule to apply when a packet matches
21. perform IGMP Snooping and connect to static multicast routers Mrouters The following topics are discussed in this chapter m IGMP Snooping on page 71 m FastLeave on page 72 m IGMPv3 Snooping on page 73 m IGMP Snooping Configuration Example on page 73 m Static Multicast Router on page 74 IGMP snooping allows the switch to forward multicast traffic to only those ports that request it IGMP Snooping prevents multicast traffic from being flooded to all ports The switch learns which server hosts are interested in receiving multicast traffic and forwards it only to ports connected to those servers IGMP snooping conserves bandwidth With IGMP Snooping the switch learns which ports are interested in receiving multicast data and forwards multicast data to those ports only In this way other ports are not burdened with unwanted multicast traffic The switch can sense IGMP Membership Reports from attached clients and can act as a proxy to set up a dedicated path between the requesting host and a local IP Multicast router After the pathway is established the switch blocks the IP Multicast stream from flowing through any port that does not connect to a host member thus conserving bandwidth IGMP Snooping m 71 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide FastLeave 72 m Fastleave The client server path is set up as follows 1 An IP Multicast router Mrouter sends Membership Queries to the switch which forwards them to all p
22. state in the DSCP There are 64 possible DSCP values 0 through 63 Figure 12 Layer 3 IPv4 Packet TTL Proto Version ToS Length ID Offset Length FCS SIP DIP Data T T T T T Differentiated Services Code Point DSCP 7 6 3 3 32 T unused 1 0 5 The switch can perform the following actions to the DSCP m Read the DSCP value of ingress packets m Map the DSCP value to a Class of Service queue COSq The switch can use the DSCP value to direct traffic prioritization With DiffServ you can establish policies to direct traffic A policy is a traffic controlling mechanism that monitors the characteristics of the traffic for example its source destination and protocol and performs a controlling action on the traffic when certain characteristics are matched 60 m Using DSCP Values to Provide QoS Per Hop Behavior Chapter 5 Quality of Service The DSCP value determines the Per Hop Behavior PHB of each packet The PHB is the forwarding treatment given to packets at each hop QoS policies are built by the application of a set of rules to packets based on the DSCP value as they hop through the network The default settings are based on the following standard PHBs as defined in the IEEE standards m Expedited Forwarding EF This PHB has the highest egress priority and lowest drop precedence level EF traffic is forwarded ahead of all other traffic EF PHB
23. switch all VLANs and Spanning Tree Groups An LtM may contain either one port or one Multi Link trunk group Chapter 8 High Availability Through Uplink Failure Detection m Ports that are already members of a trunk group are not allowed to be assigned to an LtM A port cannot be added to a trunk group if it already belongs to an LtM m AnLtD can contain one or more ports and or one or more trunks Use the following command to find out how many times link failure was detected on the LtM how many times Spanning Tree blocking state was detected on the LtM and how many times UFD disabled ports in the LtD ex2500 config show ufd counters UFD Configuration Example Monitoring UFD Figure 14 shows a basic UFD configuration In this example NIC 1 is the primary network adapter NIC 2 is a non primary adapter NIC 1 is connected to port 16 and NIC 2 is connected to port 17 Port 2 is connected to a Layer 2 3 routing switch The following procedure pertains to the example shown in Figure 14 1 Configure Network Adapter Teaming on the servers 2 Assign the Link to Monitor LtM ports ex2500 config ufd fdp Itm port 2 3 Assign the Link to Disable LtD ports ex2500 config ufd fdp Itd port 16 4 Turn on Uplink Failure Detection UFD ex2500 config ufd fdp enable ex2500 config ufd enable The UFD information menu displays the current status of the LtM and LtD and their member ports or trunks For example ex2
24. the switch The management port provides out of band management You also can configure in band management through any of the switch data ports To allow in band management use the following procedure 1 Log on to the switch 2 Enter IP interface mode ex2500 gt enable ex2500 configure terminal ex2500 config interface ip 1 3 Configure the management IP interface subnet mask and VLAN assignment Enable the interface ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ip address 10 10 10 2 ip netmask 255 255 255 0 ipvlan 1 enable config ip if config ip if config ip 1f config ip 1f gt Ed eL ia emo o 4 Configure the default gateway Enable the gateway ex2500 config ip if ip gateway address 10 10 10 1 ex2500 config ip if ip gateway enable ex2500 config ip if exit Once you configure the IP address and you have an existing network connection you can use the Telnet program from an external management station to access and control the switch Once the default gateway is enabled the management station and your switch do not need to be on the same IP subnet Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DHCP is a transport protocol that provides a framework for automatically assigning IP addresses and configuration information to other IP hosts or clients in a large TCP IP network Without DHCP the IP address must be entered manually for each network device DHCP allows a network a
25. 2500 config vlan H stg 2 ex2500 config vlan H exit gt NOTE Each Spanning Tree Group STG is enabled by default Fast Uplink Convergence Fast Uplink Convergence enables the EX2500 switch to recover quickly from the failure of the primary link or trunk group in a Layer 2 network using Spanning Tree Protocol Normal recovery can take as long as 50 seconds while the backup link transitions from Blocking to Listening to Learning and then Forwarding states With Fast Uplink Convergence enabled the EX2500 switch immediately places the secondary path into Forwarding state and sends multicasts of addresses in the forwarding database FDB and ARP table over the secondary link so that upstream switches can learn the new path e NOTE In order for Fast Uplink Convergence to be functional the switch must be running in PVRST mode and must be linked to switches running STP or PVST Fast Uplink Convergence m 41 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide Configuration Guidelines When you enable Fast Uplink Convergence the EX2500 switch automatically makes the following configuration changes m Sets the bridge priority to 61440 so that it does not become the root switch m Increases the cost of all ports by 30000 across all VLANs and Spanning Tree Groups This ensures that traffic never flows through the EX2500 switch to get to another switch unless there is no other path These changes are reversed if the feature is disable
26. 500 show ufd Uplink Failure Detection Enabled LtM status Down Member STG STG State Link Status port 2 1 DISABLED down STP turned off for this port LtD status Auto Disabled Member Link Status port 16 disabled UFD Configuration Example m 77 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide 78 m Monitoring UFD Part 2 Appendixes Monitoring Ports with Port Mirroring on page 81 discusses the main tool for troubleshooting your switch monitoring ports Appendixes m 79 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide 80 m Appendixes Appendix A Monitoring Ports with Port Mirroring This appendix explains port mirroring to help you monitor ports and troubleshoot common problems on the EX2500 switch The following topics are discussed in this appendix m Port Mirroring Overview on page 81 Configuring Port Mirroring on page 82 Port Mirroring Overview The port mirroring feature in the EX2500 switch allows you to copy traffic from specified ports and forward it to another port for monitoring or packet analysis The port that receives the copied traffic is called the monitor port The ports being monitored and the traffic being copied are considered to be mirrored The port mirroring feature can be used as a troubleshooting tool or to enhance the security of your network You can attach a sniffer or packet analysis device to the monitor port and examine the mirrored traffic without disrupting traffic on the mi
27. 500 switch Server 1 Server 2 Server 3 Server 4 Description This switch is configured with three VLANs that represent three different IP subnets Five ports are connected downstream to servers Two ports are connected upstream to routing switches Uplink ports are members of all three VLANs with VLAN tagging enabled The associated switch port has tagging disabled This server is a member of VLAN 1 and has presence in only one IP subnet The associated switch port is only a member of VLAN 1 so tagging is disabled This server is a member of VLAN 1 and has presence in only one IP subnet The associated switch port is only a member of VLAN 1 so tagging is disabled This server belongs to VLAN 2 and it is logically in the same IP subnet as Server 5 A member of VLAN 3 this server can communicate only with other servers via a router The associated switch port has tagging disabled VLAN Topologies and Design Considerations m 27 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide Table 8 Components of Sample Network with Multiple VLANs 2 of 2 Component Description Server 5 A member of VLAN 1 and VLAN 2 this server can communicate only with Server 1 Server 2 and Server 3 The associated switch port has tagging enabled Enterprise These switches must have all three VLANs VLAN 1 2 3 configured They can communicate with Routing switches Server 1 Server 2 and Server 5 via VLAN 1 They can communicate with Serv
28. 8 Port 1645 is also supported Allows the network administrator to define privileges for one or more specific users to access the switch at the RADIUS user database Chapter 1 Accessing the Switch Switch User Accounts The user accounts listed in Table 4 can be defined in the RADIUS server dictionary file Table 4 User Access Levels User Account Description and Tasks Performed Password User The User has no direct responsibility for switch management user He or she can view all switch status information and statistics but cannot make any configuration changes to the switch Operator The Operator manages all functions of the switch The oper Operator can reset ports except the management port Administrator The super user Administrator has complete access to all admin commands information and configuration commands on the switch including the ability to change both the user and administrator passwords RADIUS Attributes for EX2500 User Privileges When the user logs in the switch authenticates his or her level of access by sending the RADIUS access request that is the client authentication request to the RADIUS authentication server If the remote user is successfully authenticated by the authentication server the switch will verify the privileges of the remote user and authorize the appropriate access The administrator has an option to allow secure backdoor access via Telnet SSH or the Web Device Manager Secure ba
29. ACP port transmits LACP data units LACPDUs while each passive LACP port listens for LACPDUs During LACP negotiation the admin key is exchanged The LACP trunk group is enabled as long as the information matches at both ends of the link If the admin key value changes for a port at either end of the link that port s association with the LACP trunk group is lost 48 um Link Aggregation Control Protocol Chapter 4 Ports and Trunking When the system is initialized all ports by default are in LACP off mode and are assigned unique admin keys To make a group of ports aggregatable you assign them all the same admin key You must set the port s LACP mode to active to activate LACP negotiation You can set other port s LACP mode to passive to reduce the amount of LACPDU traffic at the initial trunk forming stage Use the following command to check whether the ports are trunked ex2500 show lacp information LACP Configuration Guidelines Consider the following guidelines when you configure LACP trunks Configuring LACP On static trunks configuration parameters such as settings for VLAN membership ACLs and QoS are applied per port When an LACP trunk group is formed these parameters are configured for the trunk ID which overrides the port level parameters The range of potential LACP trunk IDs is 13 through 36 When an LACP trunk forms the trunk ID is determined by the lowest port number in the trunk For example if the
30. Adapter Trunk group technology is compatible with these devices when they are configured manually Statistical Load Distribution Network traffic is distributed statistically between the ports in a trunk group The switch can use a combination of Layer 2 MAC and Layer 3 IP address information present in each transmitted frame to determine load distribution Trunking Overview m 43 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide Each packet s particular MAC or IP address information results in selecting one line in the trunk group for data transmission The more data streams are feeding the trunk lines the more evenly traffic is distributed Built In Fault Tolerance Since each trunk group is made up of multiple physical links the trunk group is inherently fault tolerant As long as one connection between the switches is available the trunk remains active Statistical load balancing is maintained whenever a port in a trunk group is lost or returned to service Before Configuring Static Trunks When you create and enable a static trunk the trunk members switch ports take on certain settings necessary for correct operation of the trunking feature Before you configure your trunk you must consider these settings along with specific configuration rules as follows 1 Read the configuration rules provided in the section Trunk Group Configuration Rules on page 44 2 Determine which switch ports up to 12 are to become
31. C Extended ACLs IP Standard ACLs Chapter 5 Quality of Service Each ACL contains rules that define the matching criteria for data packets The ACL checks each packet against its rules to determine if there is a match If the packet matches the ACL s rules the ACL performs its configured action either permit or deny the packet The EX2500 switch supports the following ACL types m MAC Extended ACLs m IP Standard ACLs m IP Extended ACLs The switch supports up to 127 MAC Extended ACLs numbered from 1 through 127 Use MAC Extended ACLs to filter traffic using the following criteria m Source or destination MAC address m VLAN m Ethernet protocol m User priority criteria To create a MAC Extended ACL ex2500 config access list mac extended 1 ex2500 config ext macl To delete a MAC Extended ACL ex2500 config no access list mac extended 1 ex2500 config The switch supports up to 128 IP ACLs standard and extended numbered from 128 through 254 Use IP Standard ACLs to filter traffic using source IP address or network mask and destination IP address or network mask To create an IP Standard ACL ex2500 config access list ip 128 standard ex2500 config std nacl To delete an IP Standard ACL ex2500 config no access list ip 128 standard ex2500 config Using ACL Filters m 53 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide IP Extended ACLs The switch supports up to 128 IP ACLs standard and extended
32. Configure the RMON History parameters for a port ex2500 config if rmon collection history 1 buckets 30 ex2500 config if rmon collection history 1 interval 120 ex2500 config if rmon collection history 1 owner rmon port 1 history This configuration enables RMON History collection on port 1 RMON Group 2 History m 67 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide 3 View RMON history for the port ex2500 config show rmon history RMON is enabled Index IFOID Interval Rbnum Gbnum 1 ifEntry 1 7 120 30 30 History Ether table is empty RMON Group 3 Alarms Alarm MIB Objects The RMON Alarm Group allows you to define a set of thresholds to determine network performance When a configured threshold is crossed an alarm is generated For example you can configure the switch to issue an alarm if more than 1 000 CRC errors occur during a 10 minute time interval Each Alarm index consists of a variable to monitor a sampling time interval and parameters for rising and falling thresholds The Alarm Group can be used to track rising or falling values for a MIB object The object must be a counter gauge integer or time interval Use one of the following commands to correlate an Alarm index to an Event index ex2500 config rmon alarm lt alarm number gt rise event lt event number gt ex2500 config rmon alarm lt alarm number gt fall event lt event number gt When the alarm threshold is reached the correspond
33. G for each VLAN or manually add all associated VLANs into a single STG Creating a VLAN When you create a VLAN that VLAN automatically belongs to STG 1 the default STG You can assign the VLAN to another STG m Move a newly created VLAN to an existing STG by following this order 1 Create the VLAN 2 Enable the VLAN 3 Add the VLAN to an existing STG VLANs must be contained within a single STG a VLAN cannot span multiple STGs By confining VLANs within a single STG you avoid problems with Spanning Tree blocking ports and causing a loss of connectivity within the VLAN When a VLAN spans multiple switches we recommend that the VLAN remain within the same Spanning Tree Group have the same STG ID across all the switches If ports are tagged all tagged ports can belong to multiple STGs A port cannot be added directly to an STG First add the port to a VLAN then add the VLAN to the STG Rules for VLAN Tagged Ports m Tagged ports can belong to more than one STG m Untagged ports can belong to only one STG Adding and Removing Ports from STGs m When you add a port to a VLAN that belongs to an STG the VLAN s member port is added to the STG However if the port you are adding is an untagged port and is already a member of an STG that port will be removed from this STG and added to the new STG An untagged port cannot belong to more that one STG For example assume that VLAN 2 belongs to STG 2 You add an unt
34. IGMPYS gea tatas n 73 F Failure Detection Pal earmer wee seid anrea Moe 76 Fast Uplink Convergence nncicininininncicnccncniccincinnans 41 fault tolerance with port trunking ee 44 filtering Criteria enin nines olds Boe EE A stats 54 filters See ACLs frame tagging See VLANs tagging Index m 85 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide 86 um H NelP TeEQueStING era xiii high availability Overview 75 history AMO Nica ETE ootea cers 67 APLOPENVIEW nietun aiioa s e OE Eni e 7 l IBM DIR ClO Lica aiii nad ais 7 ICMP A T eT a a a a n a 54 ICONS NOCE oiai i i A ae te xii IEEE standards 8021 to ia 802 Ll Poio 802 1 OD intenet OU dino e IGMP descriptio ee ee o a deis 71 IGMP SNOOPING tocara acid calcita lees 71 IGMPV3 AA a aba lateralis 73 snooping configuration eeren 73 Mn EA naa sr 73 INCLUDE mode IGMPYS vicio lips 73 Internet Group Management Protocol See IGMP IP address with Telnet IP Extended ACLS IP Standard ACE sitters TP subnetsWIt VEAN S carreie ad 21 DN ooa e a deal ta Sas 43 CAN Meter eecaientte ties weeded esate tated 29 isolated VLAN rasca ind iso 29 J JTAC A COMTACTIN S rcoctoctastumnerstietacertesba Mane tuneheuseriadsuen xiii L LACP Configuration ei EA configuration guidelines CESCLIPHON pins eia reducing tiMe0Ut on laser Warning ICON taria tii inicios Link Aggregation Control Protocol See LACP link aggregation See port trunking Link to Disable cocos till 76 DNK TE MONI
35. IP Destination IP DIP ex2500 config portchannel hash source destination ip Link Aggregation Control Protocol Link Aggregation Control Protocol LACP is an IEEE 802 3ad standard for grouping several physical ports into one logical port known as a dynamic trunk group or Link Aggregation group with any device that supports the standard Please see IEEE 802 3ad 2002 for a full description of the standard The 802 3ad standard allows standard Ethernet links to form a single Layer 2 link using the Link Aggregation Control Protocol LACP Link aggregation is a method of grouping physical link segments of the same media type and speed in full duplex and treating them as if they were part of a single logical link segment If a link in an LACP trunk group fails traffic is reassigned dynamically to the remaining link s of the dynamic trunk group Configurable Trunk Hash Algorithm m m 47 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide Ge NOTE LACP implementation in the EX2500 switch does not support the Churn machine an option used to detect if the port is operable within a bounded time period between the actor and the partner Only the Marker Responder is implemented and there is no marker protocol generator A port s Link Aggregation Identifier LAG ID determines how the port can be aggregated The Link Aggregation ID LAG ID is constructed mainly from the system ID and the port s admin key as follows System ID An
36. Juniper Networks EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide Release 3 0 Juniper Networks Inc 1194 North Mathilda Avenue Sunnyvale CA 94089 USA 408 745 2000 www juniper net Part Number 530 029705 01 Revision 2 Juniper Networks the Juniper Networks logo JUNOS NetScreen ScreenOS and Steel Belted Radius are registered trademarks of Juniper Networks Inc in the United States and other countries JUNOSe is a trademark of Juniper Networks Inc All other trademarks service marks registered trademarks or registered service marks are the property of their respective owners Juniper Networks assumes no responsibility for any inaccuracies in this document Juniper Networks reserves the right to change modify transfer or otherwise revise this publication without notice Products made or sold by Juniper Networks or components thereof might be covered by one or more of the following patents that are owned by or licensed to Juniper Networks U S Patent Nos 5 473 599 5 905 725 5 909 440 6 192 051 6 333 650 6 359 479 6 406 312 6 429 706 6 459 579 6 493 347 6 538 518 6 538 899 6 552 918 6 567 902 6 578 186 and 6 590 785 Juniper Networks EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide Release 3 0 Copyright 2009 Juniper Networks Inc All rights reserved Writing William Rogers Editing Taffy Everts Illustration William Rogers Revision History 26 October 2009 Revision 2 11 April 2009 Revision 1 The info
37. Ns can control traffic within a VLAN domain and provide port based security for host servers Use private VLANs to partition a VLAN domain into sub domains Each sub domain is comprised of one primary VLAN and one or more secondary VLANs as follows Primary VLAN Carries unidirectional traffic downstream from promiscuous ports Each private VLAN configuration has only one primary VLAN All ports in the private VLAN are members of the primary VLAN Secondary VLAN Secondary VLANs are internal to a private VLAN domain and are defined as follows Isolated VLAN Carries unidirectional traffic upstream from the host servers toward ports in the primary VLAN and the gateway Each private VLAN configuration can contain only one isolated VLAN Community VLAN Carries upstream traffic from ports in the community VLAN to other ports in the same community and to ports in the primary VLAN and the gateway Each private VLAN configuration can contain multiple community VLANs After you define the primary VLAN and one or more secondary VLANs you map the secondary VLAN s to the primary VLAN Private VLAN ports are defined as follows Promiscuous A promiscuous port is a port that belongs to the primary VLAN The promiscuous port can communicate with all the interfaces including ports in the secondary VLANs isolated VLAN and community VLANs Each promiscuous port can belong to only one private VLAN Isolated An isolated port is a
38. O haro iiney ida tii 76 LTR EY DG eke AT 36 logical segment See IP subnets LD a E Rate BRS A Adak odd Ud a 76 E bial E TE 76 M MAC Extended ACLS ccs management interface configuring MULTOTING POTTS eneee Index MONITOR SOLES suscrita sinh abcus eterna a MSTP configuration example neeese e MSTP LESION apre aaaea alain OVEIVIEW eraann n ara a a dad Wiebe multi links between switches port trunking multiple spanning tree groUPS eeen Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol See MSTP N network managementom a ee ei a MOLE ICOM OS NOTICE ICONS Usages ieena ediad ara PASSWOTOS td a e ALL Per Hop BEnaViOT tit do h Per VLAN Rapid Spanning Tree Plus Protocol See PVRST platforms SUPPOTTO O ccciiccccccioccocccococonoonnoncnorconnni non POEMON E A sich vail iii configuration rules cnc POETAK ile et ih a hl esa aona bd before CONFIQUTING i siio irete iasi ena adia configuration example cece configuration TU ES erei ioniserer Etherchanne Lie Sorreran aE a E aE TAS fault tOlE ANCE sarria aia MONTON Ges ted e Nensgtens saan lito ROSULICUON Sita lll portchannels See port trunking ports LO SERVICES indiana TOMO LIN Bimota aa physical See switch ports private VEANS atte promiscuous Pound labra Protocol CY DES matarla Valent Eih PVID port VLAN ID the MAG hee E Sill est PVRST coONAgUr Otis multiple spanning trees eee OEI Winnie tae oS 802 1P POTI horiena aaa pai 63 AC E E E
39. S authentication is used the user password on the RADIUS server will override the user password on the EX2500 switch Also note that the password change command on the switch only modifies the use switch password and has no effect on the user password on the RADIUS server RADIUS authentication and a user password cannot be used concurrently to access the switch m Passwords for end users can be up to 128 characters in length User Access Control The end user access control commands allow you to configure end user accounts Setting Up User IDs Up to 10 user IDs can be configured Use the following commands to define usernames and passwords ex2500 config access user 1 name lt 1 8 characters gt ex2500 config access user 1 password Changing user1 password validation required Enter current admin password lt current administrator password gt Enter new user1 password lt new user password gt Re enter new user1 password lt new user password gt New user1 password accepted Defining a User s Access Level The end user is by default assigned to the user access level also known as class of service or COS COS for all user accounts has global access to all resources except for User COS which has access to view only resources that the user owns For more information see Table 4 on page 13 To change the user s level select one of the following options ex2500 config access user 1 level user operator administrat
40. SCP Mapping The switch can use the DSCP value of ingress packets to set the COS queue Use the following command to view the default settings ex2500 config show gos dscp DSCP CoS Queue 0 0 1 0 2 0 3 0 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 8 1 9 1 10 1 54 6 55 6 56 7 57 7 58 7 59 7 60 7 61 7 62 7 63 7 Use the following command to turn on DSCP re marking globally ex2500 qos dscp enable Use the following command to perform DSCP mapping ex2500 qos dscp transmit queue lt DSCP value 0 63 gt lt COSq 0 7 gt 62 m Using DSCP Values to Provide QoS Chapter 5 Quality of Service Using 802 1p Priority to Provide QoS The EX2500 switch provides Quality of Service QoS functions based on the priority bits in a packet s VLAN header The priority bits are defined by the 802 1p standard within the IEEE 802 1Q VLAN header The 802 1p bits if present in the packet specify the priority that should be given to packets during forwarding Packets with a numerically higher non zero priority are given forwarding preference over packets with lower priority value The IEEE 802 1p standard uses eight levels of priority 0 through 7 Priority 7 is assigned to highest priority network traffic such as OSPF or RIP routing table updates priorities 5 through 6 are assigned to delay sensitive applications such as voice and video and lower priorities are assigned to standard applications A value of O zero indicates a best effort traffic
41. SH m VLANs on page 21 describes how to configure Virtual Local Area Networks VLANs for creating separate network segments including how to use VLAN tagging for devices that use multiple VLANs This chapter also describes private VLANS m Spanning Tree Protocol on page 31 discusses how Spanning Trees configure the network so that the switch uses the most efficient path when multiple paths exist Ports and Trunking on page 43 describes how to group multiple physical ports together to aggregate the bandwidth between large scale network devices m Quality of Service on page 51 discusses Quality of Service features including IP filtering using Access Control Lists Differentiated Services and IEEE 802 1p priority values Remote Monitoring on page 65 discusses how to configure and use the Remote Monitoring RMON agent on the switch m IGMP on page 71 describes how the EX2500 software implements IGMP Snooping to handle multicast traffic efficiently m High Availability Through Uplink Failure Detection on page 75 describes how to use Uplink Failure Detection UFD to ensure that network resources remain available if one switch is removed for service EX2500 Ethernet Switch Applications m 1 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide 2 m amp X2500 Ethernet Switch Applications Chapter 1 Accessing the Switch The EX2500 software provides a means for accessing configuring and
42. a trunk the port becomes a trunk member when you enable the trunk The Spanning Tree parameters for the port then change to reflect the new trunk settings m All trunk members must be in the same Spanning Tree Group STG and can belong to only one Spanning Tree Group STG However if all ports are tagged then all trunk ports can belong to multiple STGs m When a trunk is enabled the trunk Spanning Tree participation setting takes precedence over that of any trunk member You cannot configure a trunk member as a monitor port in a port mirroring configuration m Trunks cannot be monitored by a monitor port however trunk members can be monitored m Atrunk member cannot be configured as a monitor port All ports in static trunks must be have the same link configuration speed duplex flow control Port Trunking Configuration Example In the example shown in Figure 10 three ports are trunked between two switches Figure 10 Port Trunk Group Configuration Example TRUNK 3 PORTS 2 9 AND 16 A uniper sys e FANODAP ee oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo oo 0 0 Use the following procedure to configure port trunking as shown in the Figure 10 example You must first connect to the each switch s command line interface CLI
43. age stream modification and disclosure SNMPv3 ensures that the client can use SNMPv3 to query the MIBs mainly for security For more information on SNMP MIBs and the commands used to configure SNMP on the switch see the EX2500 Ethernet Switch Command Reference Default Configuration The EX2500 switch has two SNMPv3 users by default Both of the following users have access to all the MIBs supported by the switch 1 username 1 adminmd5 password adminmd5 Authentication used is MD5 2 username 2 adminsha password adminsha Authentication used is SHA To configure an SNMP username enter the following command from the CLI ex2500 config snmp server user lt 1 16 gt name lt 1 32 gt User Configuration Users can be configured to use the authentication and privacy options The EX2500 switch supports two authentication algorithms MD5 and SHA as specified in the following command ex2500 config snmp server user lt 1 16 gt authentication protocol md5 sha 1 To configure a user with name admin authentication type MD5 authentication password admin and privacy option DES with a privacy password of admin use the following CLI commands ex2500 config snmp server user 5 name admin ex2500 config snmp server user 5 authentication protocol md5 authentication password Changing authentication password validation required Enter current admin password lt admin password gt Enter new authentication password lt
44. agged port port 5 that belongs to STG 2 to VLAN 2 The port becomes a member of STG 2 and the switch displays a message to inform you that the PVID changed from 1 to 2 Port 5 is an UNTAGGED port and its PVID changed from 1 to 2 Chapter 3 Spanning Tree Protocol m When you remove a port from a VLAN that belongs to an STG that port is removed from the STG However if that port belongs to another VLAN in the same STG the port remains in the STG As an example assume that port 1 belongs to VLAN 2 and VLAN 2 belongs to STG 2 When you remove port 1 from VLAN 2 port 1 is also removed from STG 2 The port moves to the default VLAN 1 However if port 1 belongs to both VLAN 1 and VLAN 2 and both VLANs belong to STG 1 removing port 1 from VLAN 2 does not remove port 1 from STG 1 because VLAN 1 is still a member of STG 1 m An STG cannot be deleted only disabled If you disable the STG while it still contains VLAN members Spanning Tree will be off on all ports belonging to that VLAN The relationship between port trunk groups VLANs and spanning trees is shown in Table 9 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Port State Changes Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol RSTP provides rapid convergence of the spanning tree and provides for fast re configuration critical for networks carrying delay sensitive traffic such as voice and video RSTP significantly reduces the time to reconfigure the active topology of the network when changes occur to t
45. and logging The following examples illustrate the format of EX2500 commands sent to the TACACS server authorization request cmd shell cmd arg interface ip accounting request cmd shell cmd arg interface ip authorization request cmd shell cmd arg enable accounting request cmd shell cmd arg enable Configuring TACACS Authentication on the Switch 1 Configure the Primary and Secondary TACACS servers and enable TACACS authentication ex2500 config tacacs server primary host 10 10 1 1 ex2500 config tacacs server secondary host 10 10 1 2 ex2500 config tacacs server enable 2 Configure the TACACS secret and second secret ex2500 config tacacs server primary host 10 10 1 1 key lt 1 32 character secret gt ex2500 config tacacs server secondary host 10 10 1 2 key lt 1 32 character secret gt 3 If desired you may change the default TCP port number used to listen to TACACS The well known port for TACACS is 49 ex2500 config tacacs server port lt TCP port number gt 4 Configure the number of retry attempts and the timeout period ex2500 config tacacs server retransmit 3 ex2500 config tacacs server timeout 5 Secure Shell Chapter 1 Accessing the Switch Secure Shell SSH uses secure tunnels to encrypt and secure messages between a remote administrator and the switch Telnet does not provide this level of security The Telnet method of managing an EX2500 switch does not provide a secure connection
46. and sent to the monitor port after regular switch processing is complete Configuring Port Mirroring 82 m Configuring Port Mirroring To configure port mirroring for the example shown in Figure 15 1 Specify the monitoring port the mirroring port s and the port mirror direction ex2500 config port mirroring monitor port 2 mirroring port 4 in ex2500 config port mirroring monitor port 2 mirroring port 7 out ex2500 config port mirroring monitor port 2 mirroring port 10 both Enable port mirroring ex2500 config port mirroring enable View the current configuration ex2500 show port mirroring Port mirroring is enabled Monitoring Ports Mirrored Ports 1 none 4 in 7 out 10 both none none none none none none none 0 none FOAN A UBRWN Part 3 indexes m Index on page 85 Indexes m 83 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide 84 m Indexes index Numerics 802 1p priority for QoS 802 10 VLAN tagging A Access Control Lists See ACLs accessing the switch management interface oo cece 3 RADIUS authenticatiON ra tetechwemupehtonanes 11 A E TNT 10 TACACS Auth EntiGatio Mieres tears 14 using the Web Device Manager 5 ACLs A O ep EEEE sted IP Extended ACLs IP Standard ACLS 0000 MAC Extended ACLs OVEN EW ARAN UR ER well known protocol types 54 administrator ACCOUNT ereenn 13 alarms RMON oa tee e a a an aaeeea E a ia 68 applicatio
47. ann nana cnn ncccccnns 27 Private VEAN Sci dad ii Andes Shs pil a 29 Private VLAN POl Sita copiar nn DIA ii ENE ON EAA 29 Private VLAN Configuration Guidelines ooonnnnnccnncccccccccccononnnann nan nnoncncnnno 30 Private VLAN Configuration Example ooooninonococccnnnnccccccncononon nana n cnn nnnccnns 30 Chapter 3 Spamning Tree Protocol 31 Spanning Tree OVETVI We iii tdi a A eai aia a 31 Bridge Protocol Data Units BPDUS ooonnnnnnicococococnnncccnoconononanana nono noncnncnns 32 Determining the Path for Forwarding BPDUS oocccinnnccccnnnnocccccccoonnos 32 Brid88 PEO ia a NS pi a 32 POr PROV a A DARA Dai td 33 Port RatiiCostand an ainda pea 33 Spanning Tree Group Configuration Guidelines 0 eee 33 Changing the Spanning Tree Mode eee ceeteeeteeeeeeeeeees 33 Assigning a VLAN to a Spanning Tree Group ee 33 Er ating a VEAN rara llo iia tdi tail iia 34 Rules for VEAN Tagged Poltica alae inne bici 34 Adding and Removing Ports from STGS 00ooocccccinccnnconnnnnnnnnnnnnccnnnn nnn 34 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol mireia et da 35 P rt State Changes iii A o 35 Port Type and LinKk TYPE iio ae 36 Edge Portuaren a dad 36 EOI eta d io 36 RSTP Configuration Guidelines lle 36 ESTP Configuration Example errek iea ea E ee iE 36 Per VLAN Rapid Spanning Trees ciao eh ess itches satis ladies 37 Default Spanning Tree Configuration 0 2 0 eee cece eeeeeetettttteeeeees 37 Why Do We Need Multiple Spanning Trees ee
48. as the administrator S NOTE For details about accessing and using any of the menu commands described in this example see the EX2500 Ethernet Switch Command Reference Port Trunking Configuration Example m 45 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide Follow these steps on the EX2500 switch a Define a trunk group ex2500 config portchannel 3 member 2 9 16 ex2500 config portchannel 3 enable b Verify the configuration ex2500 config show portchannel 3 Examine the resulting information If any settings are incorrect make appropriate changes Repeat the process on the other switch ex2500 config portchannel 1 member 1 11 18 ex2500 config portchannel 1 enable ex2500 config show portchannel 1 Connect the switch ports that will be members in the trunk group Trunk group 3 on the EX2500 switch is now connected to trunk group 1 on the other switch uy NOTE In this example two EX2500 switches are used If a third party device supporting link aggregation is used such as routers and switches with EtherChannel technology or Sun s Quad Fast Ethernet Adapter trunk groups on the third party device should be configured manually Connection problems could arise during automatic trunk group negotiation on the third party device 4 46 m Port Trunking Configuration Example Examine the trunking information on each switch ex2500 show portchannel information PortChannel 3 Enabled port state 2
49. as the link is up Edge ports do not take part in Spanning Tree and should not receive BPDUs A port with edge enabled is intended to be connected directly to a host If a port with edge enabled does receive a BPDU it immediately begins working as a normal port and participates in Spanning Tree Link Type The link type determines how the port behaves in regard to Rapid Spanning Tree The link type corresponds to the duplex mode of the port A full duplex link is point to point p2p while a half duplex link should be configured as shared If you select auto as the link type the port dynamically configures the link type RSTP Configuration Guidelines This section provides important information about configuring Rapid Spanning Tree Groups When RSTP is turned on STP parameters apply only to Spanning Tree Group 1 m When RSTP is turned on Spanning Tree Groups 2 through 128 are turned off m When RSTP is turned on all VLANs are moved to Spanning Tree Group 1 RSTP Configuration Example 36 m Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol This section provides steps to configure Rapid Spanning Tree on the EX2500 switch using the command line interface CLI Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol is the default setting on the EX2500 switch Use the following procedure to configure Rapid Spanning Tree 1 Configure port and VLAN membership on the switch 2 Set the spanning tree mode to Rapid Spanning Tree ex2500 config spanning tree mode rstp C
50. auth password gt Re enter new authentication password lt auth password gt New authentication password accepted ex2500 config snmp server user 5 privacy protocol des privacy password Changing privacy password validation required Enter current admin password lt admin password gt Enter new privacy password lt privacy password gt Re enter new privacy password lt privacy password gt New privacy password accepted Chapter 1 Accessing the Switch 2 Configure a user access group along with the views the group may access Use the access table to configure the group s access level Because the read view write view and notify view are all set to iso the user type has access to all private and public MIBs ex2500 config snmp server access 5 name admingrp ex2500 config snmp server access 5 level authpriv ex2500 config snmp server access 5 read view iso ex2500 config snmp server access 5 write view iso ex2500 config snmp server access 5 notify view iso 3 Assign the user to the user group Use the group table to link the user to a particular access group ex2500 config snmp server group 5 user name admin ex2500 config snmp server group 5 group name admingrp Configuring SNMP Trap Hosts SNMPv1 Trap Host Configuration 1 Configure an entry in the notify table ex2500 config snmp server notify 10 name public ex2500 config snmp server notify 10 tag vitrap 2 Specify the IP address and other trap
51. ble statistics for each ACL that you want to monitor Use the following command to enable statistics for the ACL ex2500 config access list ip standard 128 statistics Use the following command to view ACL statistics ex2500 config show access list counters ACL Configuration Examples 56 wm Using ACL Filters ACL Example 1 Blocking Traffic to a Host Use this configuration to block traffic to a specific host All traffic that ingresses port 1 is denied if it is destined for the host at IP address 100 10 1 1 1 Configure an Access Control List ex2500 config access list ip 150 standard ex2500 config std nacl deny any host 100 10 1 1 ex2500 config std nacl exit 2 Assign the ACL to port 1 ex2500 config interface port 1 ex2500 config if ip access group 150 in ex2500 config if exit Chapter 5 Quality of Service 3 Verify the configuration ex2500 show access lists 1 Standard IP Access List 1 Source IP address 0 0 0 0 Source IP address mask 0 0 0 0 Destination IP address 100 10 1 1 Destination IP address mask 255 255 255 255 In Port List nec Filter Action Deny Status InActive ACL Example 2 Blocking Traffic from a Source to a Destination Use this configuration to block traffic from a network destined for a specific host address All traffic that ingresses port 10 with source IP from the class 100 10 1 0 24 and destination IP 200 20 2 2 is denied 1 Configure an Access Control Li
52. ch via HTTP ex2500 config no access http enable The default HTTP Web server port to access the EX2500 Web Device Manager is port 80 However you can change the default Web server port with the following command ex2500 config access http port lt TCP port number gt For workstation access to your switch via the EX2500 Web Device Manager opena Web browser window and type in the URL using the IP interface address of the switch such as http 10 10 10 1 Configuring EX2500 Web Device Manager Access via HTTPS The EX2500 Web Device Manager can be accessed via a secure HTTPS connection over management and data ports By default EX2500 Web Device Manager access via HTTPS is disabled To enable EX2500 Web Device Manager access on the switch via HTTPS use the following command ex2500 config access https enable To change the HTTPS Web server port number from the default port 443 use the following command ex2500 config access https port lt TCP port number gt Accessing the EX2500 Web Device Manager via HTTPS requires a SSL certificate to be used during the key exchange A default certificate is created the first time HTTPS is enabled but you can import a new certificate that defines the information you want to be used Use the following command to import the SSL certificate ex2500 config access https import certificate The certificate is saved to Flash memory for use once the switch is rebooted When a client
53. ckdoor provides switch access when the RADIUS servers cannot be reached You always can access the switch via the console port by using noradius and the administrator password whether secure backdoor is enabled or not NOTE To obtain the RADIUS backdoor password for your EX2500 switch contact technical support All user privileges other than those assigned to the Administrator have to be defined in the RADIUS dictionary RADIUS attribute 6 which is built into all RADIUS servers defines the administrator The filename of the dictionary is RADIUS vendor dependent Table 5 shows the RADIUS attributes defined for EX2500 user privilege levels Table 5 EX2500 Proprietary Attributes for RADIUS Username Access User Service Type Value User Vendor supplied 255 Operator Vendor supplied 252 Admin Vendor supplied 6 Securing Access to the Switch m 13 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide TACACS Authentication 14 m Securing Access to the Switch The EX2500 switch supports authentication and authorization with networks using the TACACS protocol The EX2500 switch functions as the Network Access Server NAS by interacting with the remote client and initiating authentication and authorization sessions with the TACACS access server The remote user is defined as someone requiring management access to the EX2500 switch either through a data port or a management port TACACS offers the following advantages ove
54. d Configuring Fast Uplink Convergence Use the following CLI command to enable Fast Uplink Convergence on all ports ex2500 config spanning tree uplinkfast 42 m Fast Uplink Convergence Chapter 4 Ports and Trunking Trunk groups can provide super bandwidth multi link connections between switches or other trunk capable devices A trunk group is a group of ports that act together combining their bandwidth to create a single larger virtual link This chapter provides configuration background and examples for trunking multiple ports together m Trunking Overview on page 43 m Port Trunking Configuration Example on page 45 Configurable Trunk Hash Algorithm on page 47 m Link Aggregation Control Protocol on page 47 ea NOTE Port trunking is also known as link aggregation Trunking Overview When using port trunk groups between two switches as shown in Figure 10 on page 45 you can create a virtual link between the switches operating at up to 120 gigabits per second depending on how many physical ports are combined Each EX2500 switch supports up to 12 static trunk groups portchannels and up to 24 Link Aggregation Control Protocol LACP trunk groups consisting of 1 to 12 ports in each group Trunk groups are also useful for connecting a EX2500 switch to third party devices that support link aggregation such as routers and switches with EtherChannel technology not ISL trunking technology and Sun s Quad Fast Ethernet
55. dministrator to distribute IP addresses from a central point and automatically send a new IP address when a device is connected to a different place in the network 4 m Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Chapter 1 Accessing the Switch DHCP is an extension of another network IP management protocol Bootstrap Protocol BOOTP with an additional capability of being able to allocate reusable network addresses and configuration parameters for client operation Built on the client server model DHCP allows hosts or clients on an IP network to obtain their configurations from a DHCP server thereby reducing network administration The most significant configuration the client receives from the server is its required IP address other optional parameters include the generic filename to be booted the address of the default gateway and so forth To enable DHCP on an IP interface use the following commands ex2500 config interface ip 1 ex2500 config ip if dhcp enable ex2500 config ip if exit Using Telnet A Telnet connection offers the convenience of accessing the switch from any workstation connected to the network Telnet access provides the same options for user access and administrator access as those available through the console port To configure the switch for Telnet access you need to have a device with Telnet software located on the same network as the switch The switch must have an IP address The switch can get its IP ad
56. dress in one of two ways m Dynamically from a DHCP server on your network m Manually when you configure the switch IP address Once you have configured the switch with an IP address and gateway you can access the switch from any workstation connected to the management network Telnet access provides the same options for user and administrator access as those available through the console port By default Telnet access is enabled Use the following command to disable or enable Telnet access ex2500 config no access telnet To establish a Telnet connection with the switch you can run the Telnet program on your workstation and issue the telnet command with the switch IP address telnet lt switch IP address gt Using the EX2500 Web Device Manager The EX2500 Web Device Manager is a Web based management interface for interactive switch access through your Web browser The Web Device Manager provides access to the common configuration management and operation features of the switch through your Web browser For more information see the EX2500 Ethernet Switch Web Device Manager Guide Using Telnet m 5 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide By default EX2500 Web Device Manager access is enabled on the switch Configuring EX2500 Web Device Manager Access via HTTP By default EX2500 Web Device Manager access via HTTP is enabled Use the following command to disable or enable EX2500 Web Device Manager access on the swit
57. e 13 Table of Contents W EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide PACA GS HAUENGAN set cates all 14 How TACACS Authentication Works 000 eeeeeeeee teen 14 TACACS Authentication Features in the EX2500 Switch 14 Command Authorization and Logging occ eeeeeeeeeeees 16 Configuring TACACS Authentication on the Switch 16 Secure clar to qc E des 17 Configuring SSH Features on the Switch oooconnnnniinionocconncccncccnicncnnn 17 SSH Encryption of Management Messages 17 Generating RSA Host and Server Keys for SSH ACCESS ee 17 SSH Integration with RADIUS and TACACS Authentication 18 End User AccesS COMED ies oiie tan ei ados 18 Considerations for Configuring End User Accounts ee 19 User ACCESS COMO caida diia nde 19 Listing CurrentUsels fi ies dan calcita dados 20 Logging In to an End User ACCOUNT cooooooccccccccccccccooonnnnnnnnnnnnccncncncnninnns 20 Chapter 2 VLANs 21 VEAN OVELVIEWesos sto th Cad tato ac def cl oi dd 21 VEANstand Port VLAN IO NUMBELS estima 22 VEAN NUMIDETS Putitas ar ota att vo dada aia Meares isla cd ds 22 PMID NUmDeErs estas dante idad a da rt oat A ninnaa desd 22 IGA NAS INS tae tod tins ae hel tad ba Coca adie drdo Dada aan da 23 VLAN Topologies and Design Considerations oooonncccconoconnnnnnncccnncnonininanannnnno 26 VLAN Configuration RULES caras ddr calle 26 Multiple VLANs Configuration Example ooinnncococncccccccccconon
58. e braces show portchannel lt 1 12 gt hash information For example you can enter either show portchannel 3 show portchannel hash or show portchannel information Brackets Optional elements in syntax descriptions Do not type the brackets copy running config tftp data port mgt port You enter either copy running config tftp data port copy running config tftp mgt port or copy running config tftp Fixed width text Onscreen computer output ex2500 config reload Reset will use software image2 See the EX2500 Ethernet Switch Command Reference like this Italic text like this Book titles special terms and words to be emphasized lt Italic text like this in Variables in command syntax Replace the angle brackets gt italic text with the appropriate real name or value when entering the command Do not type the brackets To establish a Telnet session enter host telnet lt P address gt For example you can enter telnet 192 32 10 12 Plain text like this Names of commands files and directories View the readme txt file used within the text Vertical line Separates choices for command keywords and copy running config tftp data port mgt port arguments Enter only one choice Do not type You enter either copy running config tftp data port copy the vertical line running config tftp mgt port or copy running config tftp m Documentation Conventions
59. e g Web browser connects to the switch the client is asked to accept the certificate and verify that the fields match what is expected Once EX2500 Web Device Manager access is granted to the client the Web Device Manager can be used as described in the EX2500 Ethernet Switch Web Device Manager Guide 6 m Using the EX2500 Web Device Manager Chapter 1 Accessing the Switch The EX2500 Web Device Manager is organized at a high level as follows Context tabs These tabs allow you to select the type of action you wish to perform The Configure tab provides access to the configuration elements for the entire switch The Monitor tab provides access to the switch statistics and state information The Dashboard tab allows you to display settings and operating status of a variety of switch features Navigation Window This window provides a menu list of switch features and functions as follows System This folder provides access to the configuration elements for the entire switch Switch Ports Configure each of the physical ports on the switch Port Based Port Mirroring Configure port mirroring and mirror ports m Layer 2 Management Configure Layer 2 features such as VLANs and Spanning Tree RMON Menu Configure Remote Monitoring RMON m Layer 3 Management Configure the switch interface default gateway and Internet Group Multicast Protocol IGMP QoS Configure Quality of Service QoS features for the s
60. ement network which includes the management port Use the following CLI command to view VLAN information ex2500 config show vlan VLAN Name Status Ports 1 VLAN 1 ena 1 24 pol po36 2 VLAN 2 dis empty 4095 Mgmt VLAN ena MGMT PVID Numbers Each port in the switch has a configurable default VLAN number known as its PVID By default the PVID for all non management ports is set to 1 which correlates to the default VLAN ID The PVID for each port can be configured to any VLAN number between 1 and 4094 Use the following CLI commands to view and configure PVIDs m Port information ex2500 show interface information Alias Port Tag Edge Lrn Fld PVID NAME VLAN s 1 iL y n e e T 1 1 2 2 y n e e 1 2 1 3 3 y n e e 1 3 1 4 4 y n e e 1 4 1 5 5 y n e e a 5 1 6 6 y n e e 1 6 1 24 24 n n e e 1 24 1 MGMT MGMT n n d d 4095 MGMT 4095 PVID is tagged m Port configuration ex2500 config interface port 7 ex2500 config if pvid 7 Each port on the switch can belong to one or more VLANs and each VLAN can have any number of switch ports in its membership Any port that belongs to multiple VLANs however must have VLAN tagging enabled see VLAN Tagging on page 23 22 m VLANs and Port VLAN ID Numbers Chapter 2 VLANs VLAN Tagging EX2500 software supports 802 1Q VLAN tagging providing standards based VLAN support for Ethernet systems Tagging places the VLAN identifier in the frame header of a packet allow
61. er 3 and Server 5 via VLAN 2 They can communicate with Server 4 via VLAN 3 Tagging on switch ports is enabled Se NOTE VLAN tagging is required only on ports that are connected to other switches or on ports that connect to tag capable end stations such as servers with VLAN tagging adapters Use the following procedure to configure the sample network shown in Figure 6 1 Enable VLAN tagging on server ports that support multiple VLANs ex2500 config interface port 5 ex2500 config if tagging ex2500 config if exit 2 Enable tagging on uplink ports that support multiple VLANs ex2500 config interface port 19 ex2500 config if tagging ex2500 config if exit ex2500 config interface port 20 ex2500 config if tagging ex2500 config if exit 3 Configure the VLANs and their member ports By default all ports are members of VLAN 1 so configure only those ports that belong to other VLANs ex2500 config vlan 2 ex2500 config vian enable ex2500 config vlan H member 3 ex2500 config vlan H member 5 ex2500 config vlan H member 19 ex2500 config vlan member 20 ex2500 config vlan exit ex2500 config vlan 3 ex2500 config vian enable ex2500 config vlan H member 4 19 20 ex2500 config vlan exit 28 wm VLAN Topologies and Design Considerations Private VLANs Private VLAN Ports Chapter 2 VLANs Private VLANs provide Layer 2 isolation between the ports within the same broadcast domain Private VLA
62. essing the Switch 3 Configuring the Management Interface ericsson ted 3 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol sererai heinei ea sans haie ke 4 USINE Tato da e E A A RA 5 Using the EX2500 Web D vice Manager tenien na i en eais aeiae a 5 Configuring EX2500 Web Device Manager Access via HTTP ono 6 Configuring EX2500 Web Device Manager Access via HTTP Soon 6 USINE SNMP ui iana Motrats Sra thted sl a EEEE R AE 7 SNMPYLESNMEV Losa rain trat lt islet doo A E E A 7 SINR VO Sch nce ce atest oe os feats oR esta Rais Bich eat ded oa sa T Natasa cet oie 8 Default Configuration an ines cats it a aA oaiae 8 USER COMMUTATION eesi ao onan ai a a erdir ri 8 Configuring SNMP Trap HOSTS ooooooccccccccccccccononnnnnonnnncccnnnonononanana nan nnnnccccnans 9 SNMPv1 Trap Host ConfiguratiON ooooooonnconccccccccccocncononannnononnncnncccinin ns 9 SNMPv2 Trap Host ConfiguratiON ooooooonncnococcccccccccccononananononnncnncccnnnn ns 9 SNMPv3 Trap Host ConfiguratiON ooooooonnnnnccccccccccccnconnnnnononnnccccncnan nns 10 Securing Access to the SWitCh ooocccnnncccccccccccccccccocnnonan ono cnn iaag a ie aiaa 10 RADIUS Authentication and AUthorizatiON oonnnnconccnccnccccicnccnnannnnnnnnncccnn 11 How RADIUS Authentication WOrkKS oooooococccccccccccononannnnnnnnncncncnincn nnn 11 Configuring RADIUS on the Switch RADIUS Authentication Features in the EX2500 Switch 12 SWItCh User ACCOUNTS 2 cna ieee idad ti 13 RADIUS Attributes for EX2500 User Privileges 0 0 0 e
63. et remains unchanged as it leaves the switch through port 7 which is configured as an untagged member of VLAN 2 Figure 3 802 10 Tagging after Port Based VLAN Assignment PVID 2 Port Port 2 Port 3 Tagged member Port 4 802 1Q Switch of VLAN 2 ve CRC Data SA Tag DA Port 5 gt Port 6 Untagged memeber he of VLAN 2 Outgoing untagged packet unchanged CRC Data SA DA B Port7 Port 8 recs ee 8100 Priority CFI VID 2 16 bits 3bits 1 bits 12 bits After Key Priority User_priority CFI Canonical format indicator VID VLAN identifier BS45012A In Figure 4 tagged incoming packets are assigned directly to VLAN 2 because of the tag assignment in the packet Port 5 is configured as a tagged member of VLAN 2 and port 7 is configured as an untagged member of VLAN 2 Figure 4 802 10 Tag Assignment 2 gt PVID Tagged packet CRC Data Tag SA DA Before Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Tagged member Port 4 of VLAN 2 802 1Q Switch Port 5 Port 6 Port 7 Port 8 Untagged member of VLAN 2 BS45013A VLAN Tagging m 25 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide As shown in Figure 5 the tagged packet remains unchanged as it lea
64. f Service features allow you to allocate network resources to mission critical applications at the expense of applications that are less sensitive to such factors as time delays or network congestion You can configure your network to prioritize specific types of traffic ensuring that each type receives the appropriate Quality of Service QoS level The following topics are discussed in this chapter m QoS Overview on page 51 m Using ACL Filters on page 52 m Using Storm Control Filters on page 59 m Using DSCP Values to Provide QoS on page 60 Using 802 1p Priority to Provide QoS on page 63 m Queuing and Scheduling on page 64 QoS helps you allocate guaranteed bandwidth to the critical applications and limit bandwidth for less critical applications Applications such as video and voice must have a certain amount of bandwidth to work correctly using QoS you can provide that bandwidth when necessary Also you can put a high priority on applications that are sensitive to timing out or that cannot tolerate delay by assigning their traffic to a high priority queue By assigning QoS levels to traffic flows on your network you can ensure that network resources are allocated where they are needed most QoS features allow you to prioritize network traffic thereby providing better service for selected applications Figure 11 on page 52 shows the basic QoS model used by the switch QoS Overview m 51 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configura
65. fine the Spanning Tree Groups STGs for VLAN 1 Enable tagging on uplink ports that share VLANs Port 19 and port 20 connect to the Enterprise Routing switches ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 config interface port 19 config if tagging config if exit config interface port 20 config if tagging config if exit gt e e eG 40 m Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Chapter 3 Spanning Tree Protocol Add server ports 1 and 2 to VLAN 1 Add uplink ports 19 and port 20 to VLAN 1 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 config vlan 1 config vlan enable config vlan member 1 config vlan member 2 config vlan member 19 config vlan member 20 config vlan stg 1 config vlan exit A a ad uu a a 2 Configure Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Configure the MSTP region name and version and set the spanning tree mode to mst ex2500 config spanning tree mstp name MyRegion ex2500 config spanning tree mode mst ex2500 config spanning tree mstp version 100 3 Configure port membership and define the Spanning Tree Groups STGs for VLAN 2 Add server ports 3 4 and 5 to VLAN 2 Add uplink ports 19 and 20 to VLAN 2 Assign VLAN 2 to Spanning Tree Group 2 ex2500 config vlan 2 ex2500 config vlan enable ex2500 config vlan H member 3 ex2500 config vlan H member 4 ex2500 config vlan H member 5 ex2500 config vlan H member 19 ex2500 config vlan H member 20 ex
66. for SNMPv3 traps you can choose to send the traps with both privacy and authentication with authentication only or without privacy or authentication This is configured in the access table with the following commands ex2500 config snmp server access lt 1 32 gt level ex2500 config snmp server target parameters lt 1 16 gt Configure the user in the user table accordingly It is not necessary to configure the community table for SNMPv3 traps because the community string is not used by SNMPv3 The following example shows how to configure a SNMPv3 user v3trap with authentication only ex2500 config snmp server user 11 name v3trap ex2500 config snmp server user 11 authentication protocol md5 authentication password Changing authentication password validation required Enter current admin password lt admin password gt Enter new authentication password lt auth password gt Re enter new authentication password lt auth password gt New authentication password accepted ex2500 config snmp server access 11 notify view iso ex2500 config snmp server access 11 level authnopriv ex2500 config snmp server group 11 user name v3trap ex2500 config snmp server group 11 tag v3trap ex2500 config snmp server notify 11 name v3trap ex2500 config snmp server notify 11 tag v3trap ex2500 config snmp server target address 11 name v3trap address 47 81 25 66 ex2500 config snmp server target address 11 taglist v3trap
67. hapter 3 Spanning Tree Protocol Per VLAN Rapid Spanning Tree Per VLAN Rapid Spanning Tree Plus Protocol PVRST enhances the RSTP protocol by adding the ability to have multiple Spanning Tree Groups STGs PVRST is based on IEEE 802 1w Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol In PVRST mode the EX2500 switch supports a maximum of 128 Spanning Tree Groups STGs Multiple STGs provide multiple data paths which can be used for load balancing and redundancy To enable load balancing between two EX2500 switches using multiple STGs configure each path with a different VLAN and then assign each VLAN to a separate STG Each STG is independent Each STG sends its own Bridge Protocol Data Units BPDUs and each STG must be configured independently The STG or bridge group forms a loop free topology that includes one or more virtual LANs VLANs The switch supports 128 STGs running simultaneously The default STG 1 may contain multiple VLANs STGs 2 through 128 each may contain only one VLAN Default Spanning Tree Configuration In the default configuration a single STG STG 1 includes all non management ports on the switch This is called the default STG Although ports can be added to or deleted from the default STG the default STG cannot be deleted from the system All other STGs except the default STG 1 are empty and you must assign a VLAN to the STG However you cannot assign ports directly to an STG Instead you add ports to a VLAN and
68. he physical topology or its configuration parameters RSTP reduces the bridged LAN topology to a single spanning tree RSTP parameters are configured in Spanning Tree Group 1 Spanning Tree Groups 2 through 128 do not apply to RSTP There are new STP parameters to support RSTP and some values to existing parameters are different RSTP is compatible with devices that run 802 1D 1998 Spanning Tree Protocol If the switch detects 802 1D 1998 BPDUs it responds with 802 1D 1998 compatible data units RSTP is not compatible with Per VLAN Spanning Tree PVST protocol The port state controls the forwarding and learning processes of Spanning Tree In RSTP the port state has been consolidated to the following discarding learning and forwarding Table 10 compares the port states between 802 1D 1998 Spanning Tree and 802 1D 2004 Rapid Spanning Trees Table 10 RSTP vs STP Port States Operational Status STP Port State RSTP Port State Enabled Blocking Discarding Enabled Listening Discarding Enabled Learning Learning Enabled Forwarding Forwarding Disabled Disabled Discarding Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol Mm 35 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide Port Type and Link Type Spanning tree configuration includes the following parameters to support RSTP and MSTP edge port and link type Edge Port A port that does not connect to a bridge is called an edge port Edge ports can start forwarding as soon
69. hold lt packet rate 100 10000 gt ex2500 config if exit E NOTE You can filter unknown unicast packets on no more than 16 ports at a time Using Storm Control Filters m 59 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide Using DSCP Values to Provide QoS The switch uses the Differentiated Services DiffServ architecture to provide QoS functions DiffServ is described in IETF RFCs 2474 and 2475 The six most significant bits in the ToS byte of the IP header are defined as DiffServ Code Points DSCP Packets are marked with a certain value depending on the type of treatment the packet must receive in the network device DSCP is a measure of the Quality of Service QoS level of the packet The switch can classify traffic by reading the DiffServ Code Point DSCP or IEEE 802 1p priority value or by using filters to match specific criteria When network traffic attributes match those specified in a traffic pattern the policy instructs the switch to perform specified actions on each packet that passes through it The packets are assigned to different Class of Service COS queues and scheduled for transmission Differentiated Services Concepts To differentiate between traffic flows packets can be classified by their DSCP value As shown in Figure 12 the Differentiated Services DS field in the IP header is an octet and the first six bits called the DS Code Point DSCP can provide QoS functions Each packet carries its own QoS
70. host port that belongs to an isolated VLAN Each isolated port has complete Layer 2 separation from other ports within the same private VLAN including other isolated ports except for the promiscuous ports m Traffic sent to an isolated port is blocked by the private VLAN except the traffic from promiscuous ports m Traffic received from an isolated port is forwarded only to promiscuous ports Community A community port is a host port that belongs to a community VLAN Community ports can communicate with other ports in the same community VLAN and with promiscuous ports These interfaces are isolated at Layer 2 from all other interfaces in other communities and from isolated ports within the private VLAN Private VLANs m 29 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide Private VLAN Configuration Guidelines The following guidelines apply when configuring private VLANs m The default VLAN 1 cannot be a private VLAN m The management VLAN 4095 cannot be a private VLAN The management port cannot be a member of a private VLAN IGMP Snooping must be disabled on isolated VLANs m Each secondary port s isolated port and community ports PVID must match its corresponding secondary VLAN ID m Ports within a secondary VLAN cannot be members of other VLANs m All VLANs that make up the private VLAN must belong to the same Spanning Tree Group Private VLAN Configuration Example Follow this procedure to configure a private VLAN
71. ime interval History sampling is done per port NOTE RMON port statistics must be enabled for the port before an RMON History Group can monitor the port Data is gathered during discreet sampling intervals and stored in buckets At each configured interval the History index takes a sample of the current Ethernet statistics and places them into a bucket History data buckets reside in dynamic memory When the switch is rebooted the buckets are emptied Requested buckets are the number of buckets or data slots requested by the user for each History Group Granted buckets are the number of buckets granted by the system based on the amount of system memory available The system grants a maximum of 50 buckets You can use an SNMP browser to view History samples or use the following command ex2500 show rmon history History MIB Object ID The type of data that can be sampled must be of an iflndex object type as described in RFC 1213 and RFC 1573 The most common data type for the History sample is as follows 1 3 6 1 2 1 2 2 1 1 x The last digit x represents the number of the port to monitor In the CLI you do not need to enter the History MIB Object Identifier OID because the port is specified when you enter Interface Port mode Configuring RMON History Perform the following steps to configure RMON History on a port 1 Enable RMON on a port ex2500 config interface port 1 ex2500 config rmon enable 2
72. ing each port to belong to multiple VLANs When you add a port to multiple VLANs you also must enable tagging on that port Since tagging fundamentally changes the format of frames transmitted on a tagged port you must carefully plan network designs to prevent tagged frames from being transmitted to devices that do not support 802 1Q VLAN tags or devices where tagging is not enabled The following important terms are used with the 802 1Q tagging feature m VLAN identifier VID The 12 bit portion of the VLAN tag in the frame header that identifies an explicit VLAN m Port VLAN identifier PVID A classification mechanism that associates a port with a specific VLAN For example a port with a PVID of 3 PVID 3 assigns all untagged frames received on this port to VLAN 3 Any untagged frames received by the switch are classified with the PVID of the receiving port m Tagged frame A frame that carries VLAN tagging information in the header This VLAN tagging information is a 32 bit field VLAN tag in the frame header that identifies the frame as belonging to a specific VLAN Untagged frames are marked tagged with this classification as they leave the switch through a port that is configured as a tagged port m Untagged frame A frame that does not carry any VLAN tagging information in the frame header m Untagged member A port that has been configured as an untagged member of a specific VLAN When an untagged frame exits the
73. ing event is triggered The most common data types used for alarm monitoring are ifStats errors drops invalid CRCs and so on These MIB Object Identifiers OIDs correlate to the ones tracked by the History Group An example of an ICMP statistic is as follows 1 3 6 1 2 1 5 1 0 mgmt icmp icmpInMsgs This value represents the alarm s MIB OID as a string Note that for non tables you must supply a O to specify end node Configuring RMON Alarms 68 m RMON Group 3 Alarms Configure the RMON Alarm parameters to track ICMP messages ex2500 config rmon alarm 1 oid 1 3 6 1 2 1 5 8 0 alarm type rising rise event 110 ex2500 config rmon alarm 1 interval time 60 ex2500 config rmon alarm 1 rising threshold 200 ex2500 config rmon alarm 1 sample type delta ex2500 config rmon alarm 1 owner Alarm for icmpInEchos This configuration creates an RMON alarm that checks icmpInEchos on the switch once every minute If the statistic exceeds 200 within a 60 econd interval an alarm is generated that triggers event index 110 Chapter 6 Remote Monitoring RMON Group 9 Events The RMON Event Group allows you to define events that are triggered by alarms An event can be a log message an SNMP trap or both When an alarm is generated it triggers a corresponding event notification Use the following commands to correlate an Event index to an alarm ex2500 config rmon alarm lt alarm number gt rise event lt event number gt
74. integer value based on the switch s MAC address and the system priority assigned in the CLI Admin key An integer value 13 65535 for the port that you can configure in the CLI Each switch port that participates in the same LACP trunk group must have the same admin key value The admin key is local significant which means the partner switch does not need to use the same admin key value For example consider two switches an Actor the EX2500 switch and a Partner another switch as shown in Table 11 Table 11 Actor vs Partner LACP Configuration Actor Switch Partner Switch 1 Port 7 admin key 100 Port 1 admin key 50 Port 8 admin key 100 Port 2 admin key 50 In the configuration shown in Table 11 Actor switch port 7 and port 8 aggregate to form an LACP trunk group with Partner switch port 1 and port 2 LACP automatically determines which member links can be aggregated and then aggregates them It provides for the controlled addition and removal of physical links for the link aggregation Each port on the switch can have one of the following LACP modes off default The user can configure this port in to a regular static trunk group active The port is capable of forming an LACP trunk This port sends LACPDU packets to partner system ports passive The port is capable of forming an LACP trunk This port responds only to the LACPDU packets sent from an LACP active port Each active L
75. iority parameter controls which bridge on the network is the STG root bridge To make one switch become the root bridge configure the bridge priority lower than all other switches and bridges on your network The lower the value the higher the bridge priority Use the following command to configure the spanning tree bridge priority ex2500 config spanning tree stp 1 bridge priority lt 0 61440 in steps of 4096 gt Chapter 3 Spanning Tree Protocol Port Priority The port priority helps determine which bridge port becomes the root or designated port The case for the root port is when 2 switches are connected using a minimum of two links with the same path cost The case for the designated port is in a network topology that has multiple bridge ports with the same path cost connected to a single segment the port with the lowest port priority becomes the designated port for the segment Use the following command to configure the spanning tree port priority Interface Port mode ex2500 config if spanning tree stp 1 priority lt 0 240 in steps of 16 gt Port Path Cost The port path cost assigns lower values to high bandwidth ports such as 10 Gigabit Ethernet to encourage their use The objective is to use the fastest links so that the route with the lowest cost is chosen A value of O indicates that the default cost will be computed for an auto negotiated link speed Use the following command to modify the port path cost ex2500 co
76. is described in RFC 2598 m Assured Forwarding AF This PHB contains four service levels each with a different drop precedence as shown in Table 14 Routers use drop precedence to determine which packets to discard last when the network becomes congested AF PHB is described in RFC 2597 Table 14 Assured Forwarding Drop Precedence Class 1 Low AF11 DSCP 10 Medium AF12 DSCP 12 High AF13 DSCP 14 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4 AF21 DSCP 18 AF31 DSCP 26 AF41 DSCP 34 AF22 DSCP 20 AF32 DSCP 28 AF42 DSCP 36 AF23 DSCP 22 AF33 DSCP 30 AF453 DSCP 38 m Class Selector CS This PHB has eight priority classes with CS7 representing the highest priority and CSO representing the lowest priority as shown in Table 15 CS PHB is described in RFC 2474 Table 15 Class Selector Class Priority Selector DSCP Highest CS7 56 CS6 48 CS5 40 CS4 32 CS3 24 CS2 16 CS1 8 Lowest CSO 0 Using DSCP Values to Provide QoS m 61 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide QoS Levels Table 16 shows the default service levels provided by the switch listed from highest to lowest importance Table 16 Default QoS Service Levels Service Level Default PHB 802 1p Priority Critical CS7 7 Network Control CS6 6 Premium EF CS5 5 Platinum AF41 AF42 AF43 CS4 4 Gold AF31 AF32 AF33 CS3 3 Silver AF21 AF22 AF23 CS2 2 Bronze AF11 AF12 AF13 CS1 1 Standard DF CSO 0 D
77. itch at a later time Securing Access to the Switch m 17 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide When the SSH server is first enabled and applied the switch automatically generates the RSA host and server keys which are stored in the Flash memory To configure RSA host and server keys enter the following commands to generate them manually ex2500 config ssh generate host key ex2500 config ssh generate server key When the switch reboots it will retrieve the host and server keys from the Flash memory If these two keys are not available in the flash and if the SSH server feature is enabled the switch automatically generates them during the system reboot This process might take several minutes to complete The switch can automatically regenerate the RSA server key To set the interval of RSA server key autogeneration use the following command ex2500 config ssh interval lt number of hours 0 24 gt A value of O zero denotes that RSA server key autogeneration is disabled When the interval value is greater than O the switch will autogenerate the RSA server key every specified interval However RSA server key generation is skipped if the switch is busy doing other key or cipher generation when the timer expires NOTE The switch can perform only one session of key or cipher generation at a time Thus an SSH client will not be able to log in if the switch is performing key generation at that time or if another clien
78. liano 75 UFD with Spanning Tree Protocol 76 Uplink Failure Detection See UFD USEN ACCESS COTON marciana 18 USET aACCOUNE i eo B E E ers 13 v Virtual Local Area Networks See VLANs VLANs DLOAdCASt dOMAINS nies eka ines Sesiahevades eeneenennaely 21 configuration TULES i345 wg ei eine e a va eetialadens 44 default PVD naa ia rial 22 example showing multiple VLANS ooo 27 ID UIMID ERS cost tela 22 multiple spanning trees ee 31 multiple VEANS Shirer riie cel tac ated sek a 23 port TMEMDECLS ace annee de ls 22 PV ID did actas 22 SECUR cron NN 21 Spanning Tree Protocol inician 31 tar nta il dit altas 22 28 TOPOLOCLES sales tarta liar tina 26 Ww WANE ICON metiste hate AES xii Index
79. lowest port number is 1 then the LACP trunk ID is 13 The LACP trunk ID can change if the link is lost on the lowest port in the group When the trunk ID changes trunk level parameters are cleared To avoid losing configuration parameters configure LACP trunk level parameters for all possible trunk IDs Use the following procedure to configure LACP for port 7 and port 8 to participate in link aggregation l Define the admin key on port 7 Only ports with the same admin key can form an LACP trunk group ex2500 config interface port 7 8 ex2500 config if lacp key 100 Set the LACP mode ex2500 config if lacp mode active ex2500 config if exit Optionally Reducing LACP Timeout The LACP timeout period is the number of seconds that elapse before the switch invalidates LACP data from a remote partner The default LACP timeout value is long 90 seconds Link Aggregation Control Protocol m 49 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide We recommend that you use the default long timeout to reduce LAPDU processing If the CPU utilization rate of your switch remains at 100 for periods of 90 seconds or more consider using static trunks instead of LACP However if CPU use is low you can set the LACP timeout value on the switch to short 3 seconds instead ex2500 config if lacp timeout short ex2500 config if exit 50 Link Aggregation Control Protocol Chapter 5 Quality of Service QoS Overview Quality o
80. m Failure Detection Pair on page 76 Spanning Tree Protocol with UFD on page 76 m UFD Configuration Guidelines on page 76 UFD Configuration Example on page 77 m Monitoring UFD on page 77 High Availability Overview The EX2500 switch supports high availability network topologies Uplink Failure Detection UFD is designed to support Network Adapter Teaming Network Adapter Teaming allows all the network interface cards NICs on each server to share the same IP address The NICs are configured into a team One NIC is the primary link and the other is a standby link UFD allows the switch to monitor specific ports Link to Monitor ports to detect ink failures When the switch detects a link failure it automatically disables specific ports Link to Disable ports Each corresponding server s network adapter can detect the disabled port and trigger a network adapter failover to another port on the switch The switch automatically enables the control ports when the monitor ports return to service Figure 14 on page 76 shows a basic UFD configuration with a Failure Detection Pair FDP that consists of one LtM Link to Monitor and one LtD Link to Disable When the switch detects a link failure in the LtM it disables the ports in the LtD The servers detect the disabled ports which triggers a NIC failover High Availability Overview m 75 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide Figure 14 Uplink Failure Detection Example
81. n POS oo eerren 55 audience for this manual xi B Bridge Protocol Data Units BPDUS 0 cee 32 Droadcast domai S tirante iii 21 broadcast storms configuring storm control CESCLIPULO iva dt Cc Class of Service queue milicia ida 64 Common Internal Spanning Tree 39 COMMUNITY VLAN dsc Awe tea hes Male 29 configuration examples ACES do multiple VLANs with tagging adapters POrttunkiS and RSTP configuration rules Fast Uplink Convergence eee 42 LAC Proet Ave Sede aneavaa R E E 49 O A N TERE 39 PORTE MITOS innn i ar a 44 private VELAN Sian pie 30 NS Marooned tow cera aeame N A Moses 36 Spanning Tree Groups STGS 00 0 eee 33 A cguttiestinns disse e A GAIE E 44 DD tai TES 76 VLAN Sas iaa 26 44 COS GUEUSER 64 D default passwords callada edades 13 default service levels carac toldo 62 DHCP enabling tales rta 4 Differentiated Services Code Point See DSCP Differentiated Services See DSCP DiffServ See DSCP DSCP Assured Forwarding AF cece 61 Glass Selector Ets ite tea teal Bat eel shes 61 COS queue mapping Viewing ocios 62 Expedited Forwarding EF ocn 61 OVELVIEW ii O tel telat tears id 60 PerHOp Beal fain fie das da 61 E CAB DO Siria lola Sobel Seales a hen Bae od 36 end user ACCESS CONTO lras Zaar e a eee bes 18 EtherChannel anaa aoaaa lord idea 43 44 as used with port trunking ee 44 46 events RMON secado io a ito lite 69 EX2500 documentation imstirs etiddi xiii EXCLUDE mode
82. nent nese pia 52 COS queuing and scheduling ee 64 DS Runa r n neste I EEE ETET i DSCP mapping VIEWIng eee EX2500 QOS MOE mocos isis OM Wie QoS default service levels storm control filters ooo Quality of Service See QoS O R RADIUS authentication yers ed aa 11 port 181 and 1645 ta cena de de 55 POCAS aid 55 A A oles be inert 18 Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol See RSTP Remote Monitoring See RMON RMON ALALINS all ibid EVENS aes loiro MN Yin ieena overview SUAUISCICS e E TE routers and port trunking anain 43 RSA REVS a rd a ahd 17 RSTP configuration guidelines 36 AN e E tates 35 edge POr ir tt rd cesta 36 NKY PE kenaa port state changes S security p rt MITOS ee it is 81 RADIUS authentication 0 0 0 0 11 TACACS authentication erence 14 WIGAINS east a a i BRI Se Sek 21 segmentation See IP subnets segments See IP subnets SELVICE POTTS ce suc seat des Teta Ear a aAa Eea A Ea e Etk SNMP A ah a e AA E A A nce A configuring SNMPv3 enabling v1 and V2 cinc HP OpenView iiai IBM DIRE CUOR 3 dai aio See A andes trap host configuration cinco 9 snooping COMMBUPALON as aay aA aaa teta bead aed 73 IGMP efet nea babu a tain A 71 TGMEPV Zetia eana a cal cad e deka oats 73 Source Specific Multicast iesise niii 73 Spanning Tree Protocol BLU Sta a A 32 configuration rules paaie aiarar a viens 44 Fast Uplink Convergence cece 41 MS Tierra todo ata al es dl alos a 39 multiple ins
83. nfig if spanning tree stp 1 path cost lt 0 200000000 gt Spanning Tree Group Configuration Guidelines This section provides important information on configuring Spanning Tree Groups STGs Changing the Spanning Tree Mode When the spanning tree mode is changed for example RSTP to MSTP You must reconfigure spanning tree parameters for each STG including VLAN assignment m Ifan STG in RSTP mode is disabled and then re enabled the Spanning Tree topology does not converge rapidly Assigning a VLAN to a Spanning Tree Group m If no VLANs exist beyond the default VLAN 1 see Creating a VLAN on page 34 for information on adding ports to VLANs m Assign the VLAN to the STG with the following command ex2500 config if spanning tree stp 1 vlan lt 1 4094 gt m If the association between the Spanning Tree Group STG and a VLAN is broken the spanning tree parameters are cleared Reconfigure all the parameters for the STG Spanning Tree Overview m 33 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide m Each STG must have a VLAN assigned to it before it becomes functional You cannot configure other STG settings until the VLAN is assigned If the STG VLAN is unassigned other configuration settings are cleared Assign a VLAN and reconfigure the STG settings gt NOTE To ensure proper operation with switches that use Cisco Per VLAN 34 m Spanning Tree Overview Spanning Tree PVST you must either create a separate ST
84. nonann conc nn cnccncnn 49 Chapter5 Quality of Service 51 COS OVERVIEW ute ona es tedio e id don edna Mth dar de di 51 USINE ALEM A IE E OR A 52 MA Extended ACES ibi 53 Standard ACES att di ltd cost 53 IB EXtendEd ACES ditdcia od ie dioss ares 54 Understanding AGL Pritisk Ent EE A EEE ETE R EER 55 ASSI8ning ACLStO A POE ada Rasa EN 56 VIEWING ACL Statistics usd aida dida 56 ACL Configuration Examples ienaa Eiis a aio A 56 ACL Example 1 Blocking Traffic to a HOSt eee eeeeeeees 56 ACL Example 2 Blocking Traffic from a Source to a Destination 57 ACL Example 3 Blocking HTTP Traffic 57 ACL Example 4 Blocking All Except Certain Packets 000 00 58 Using Storm Control Filters vai a ie 59 BOLA CASCO Sia Ii AS ia AAA 59 Configurine Stofm CONTO ais 59 Using DSCP Values to Provide OOS iii cdo pits 60 Differentiated Services CONCEPTS oe ai n a E a E S E 60 Per Hop Behaviors nuenean e ee Sisk ae e a da da dee 61 OOS Le VelSid edad de ii 62 DSGCP Mapping eta ld Agha adh eon hater ties 62 Using 8021p Priority to Provide QOS ue iii ies 63 Queuing and SchedulB tdi il 64 Chapter 6 Remote Monitoring 65 RMON OVEIVIEW ai pia Sd eae Stig eats aed es 65 RMON Group Statistics i cesses ins de ti tee e E cess ido peleas 66 RMON Group 2 HFIStory sie iat rie Beeb teca ta te eee amp 67 Table of Contents MH v vi EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Part 2 Appendix A
85. one or more ACLs When an incoming packet matches the highest priority ACL the ACL s configured action takes place The other assigned ACLs are considered in numeric order from lowest to highest In the following example the switch considers ACL 128 before ACL 130 because ACL 128 has a higher priority The order in which the ACLs are assigned to a port does not affect their priority Port 1 access group ACL IP Extended 128 TCP Port number 80 Action permit ACL IP Extended 129 TCP Port number 23 Action deny ACL IP Extended 130 TCP Port number less than 100 Action permit Using ACL Filters m 55 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide Assigning ACLs to a Port Once you configure an ACL you must assign the ACL to a port Each port can accept multiple ACLs Note that higher priority ACLs are considered first and their action takes precedence over lower priority ACLs When you assign an ACL to a port the ACL acts only upon ingress traffic not egress traffic To assign an ACL to a port ex2500 config interface port 1 ex2500 config if ip access group 128 in ex2500 config if exit To delete an ACL from a port ex2500 config interface port 1 ex2500 config if no ip access group 128 in ex2500 config if exit Viewing ACL Statistics ACL statistics display how many packets hit matched each ACL Use ACL statistics to check filter performance and debug the ACL filters You must ena
86. or Enabling or Disabling a User An end user account must be enabled before the switch recognizes and permits login under the account Once enabled the switch requires any user to enter both username and password ex2500 config access user 1 enable ex2500 config no access user 1 enable Securing Access to the Switch m 19 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide 20 m Securing Access to the Switch Listing Current Users The following command displays defined user accounts and whether or not each user is currently logged in to the switch ex2500 show access user Usernames user Enabled offline oper Disabled offline admin Always Enabled online 1 session Current User ID table 1 name jane ena cos user password valid online 1 session 2 name john ena cos user password valid online 2 sessions Logging In to an End User Account Once an end user account is configured and enabled the user can log in to the switch using the username password combination The level of switch access is determined by the COS established for the end user account Chapter 2 VLANs Se VLAN Overview This chapter describes network design and topology considerations for using Virtual Local Area Networks VLANs VLANs commonly are used to split up groups of network users into manageable broadcast domains to create logical segmentation of workgroups and to enforce security policies among logical segments The foll
87. orts in a given VLAN 2 Hosts that want to receive the multicast data stream send Membership Reports to the switch which sends a proxy Membership Report to the Mrouter 3 The switch sets up a path between the Mrouter and the host and blocks all other ports from receiving the multicast 4 Periodically the Mrouter sends Membership Queries to ensure that the host wants to continue receiving the multicast If a host fails to respond with a Membership Report the Mrouter stops sending the multicast to that path 5 The host can send a Leave Report to the switch which sends a proxy Leave Report to the Mrouter The multicast path is terminated immediately The EX2500 switch supports the following IGMP capacities m IGMP versions 1 2 and 3 m 1024 VLANs m 128 Mrouters 1024 multicast groups NOTE Unknown multicast traffic is sent to all ports if the flood option is disabled To enable or disable IGMP flood use the following command ex2500 config no ip igmp flood In normal IGMP operation when the switch receives an IGMPv2 leave message it sends a Group Specific Query to determine if any other devices in the same group and on the same port are still interested in the specified multicast group traffic The switch removes the affiliated port from that particular group if the following conditions apply m If the switch does not receive an IGMP Membership Report within the query response interval m Ifno multicast rou
88. owing topics are discussed in this chapter m VLAN Overview on page 21 m VLANs and Port VLAN ID Numbers on page 22 m VLAN Tagging on page 23 m VLAN Topologies and Design Considerations on page 26 m Private VLANs on page 29 NOTE VLANs can be configured from the CLI See the information on VLAN configuration and port configuration in the EX2500 Ethernet Switch Command Reference Setting up virtual LANs VLANs is a way to segment networks to increase network flexibility without changing the physical network topology With network segmentation each switch port connects to a segment that is a single broadcast domain When a switch port is configured to be a member of a VLAN it is added to a group of ports workgroup that belong to one broadcast domain You group ports into broadcast domains by assigning them to the same VLAN Frames received in one VLAN can be forwarded only within that VLAN and multicast broadcast and unknown unicast frames are flooded only to ports in the same VLAN The EX2500 switch supports jumbo frames up to 9 216 bytes VLAN Overview m 21 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide VLANs and Port VLAN ID Numbers VLAN Numbers The EX2500 switch supports up to 1024 VLANs per switch Even though the maximum number of VLANs supported at any given time is 1024 each can be identified with any number between 1 and 4094 VLAN 1 is the default VLAN for the data ports VLAN 4095 is used by the manag
89. parameters in the targetAddr and targetParam tables Use the following command to specify the username used with this targetParam table snmp server target parameters lt 1 16 gt user name For example ex2500 config snmp server target address 10 name vitrap address 10 70 70 190 ex2500 config snmp server target address 10 parameters name viparam ex2500 config snmp server target address 10 taglist viparam ex2500 config snmp server target parameters 10 name viparam ex2500 config snmp server target parameters 10 user name vionly ex2500 config snmp server target parameters 10 message snmpv1 AX SNMPv2 Trap Host Configuration The SNMPv2 trap host configuration is similar to the SNMPv1 trap host configuration Wherever you specify the model use snmpv2 instead of snmpv1 ex2500 config snmp server read community public ex2500 config snmp server target address 1 name v2trap2 address 10 70 70 190 ex2500 config snmp server target address 1 parameters name v2param2 ex2500 config snmp server target address 1 taglist v2param2 ex2500 config snmp server target parameters 1 name v2param2 ex2500 config snmp server target parameters 1 user name v2only ex2500 config snmp server target parameters 1 message snmpv2 ex2500 config snmp server notify 1 name public ex2500 config snmp server notify 1 tag v2param2 Using SNMP mu 9 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide SNMPv3 Trap Host Configuration To configure a user
90. placed Each packet s 802 1p priority determines its COS queue Higher COS queue numbers provide forwarding precedence You can map 802 1p priority value to a COS queue as follows ex2500 config qos transmit queue mapping lt 802 1p priority value O 7 gt lt COS queue 0 7 gt Chapter 6 Remote Monitoring RMON Overview Remote Monitoring RMON allows network devices to exchange network monitoring data The following topics are discussed in this chapter m RMON Overview on page 65 m RMON Group Statistics on page 66 m RMON Group 2 History on page 67 RMON Group 3 Alarms on page 68 m RMON Group 9 Events on page 69 RMON allows the switch to track events and trigger alarms when a threshold is reached and to notify administrators by issuing a syslog message or SNMP trap The RMON MIB provides an interface between the RMON agent on the switch and an RMON management application The RMON MIB is described in REC 1757 The RMON standard defines objects that are suitable for the management of Ethernet networks The RMON agent continuously collects statistics and proactively monitors switch performance RMON allows you to monitor traffic flowing through the switch The switch supports the following RMON Groups as described in RFC 1757 m Group 1 Statistics m Group 2 History m Group 3 Alarms m Group 9 Events RMON Overview m 65 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide RMON Group 1 Statis
91. port by using notacacs and the administrator password whether secure backdoor is enabled or not NOTE To obtain the TACACS backdoor password for your EX2500 switch contact technical support Accounting Accounting is the action of recording a user s activities on the device for the purposes of billing and or security It follows the authentication and authorization actions If the authentication and authorization are not performed via TACACS no TACACS accounting messages are sent out The EX2500 switch supports the following TACACS accounting attributes protocol console telnet ssh or http m start_time m stop_time m elapsed_time m disc_cause Securing Access to the Switch m 15 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide ce 16 m Securing Access to the Switch NOTE When you are using the EX2500 Web Device Manager the TACACS Accounting Stop records are sent only if the Logout button on the browser is clicked Command Authorization and Logging When TACACS Command Authorization is enabled EX2500 configuration commands are sent to the TACACS server for authorization Use the following command to enable TACACS Command Authorization ex2500 config tacacs server command authorization When TACACS Command Logging is enabled EX2500 configuration commands are logged on the TACACS server Use the following command to enable TACACS Command Logging ex2500 config tacacs server comm
92. prioritization and this is the default when traffic priority has not been configured on your network The switch can filter packets based on the 802 1p values Figure 13 shows the priority bits in a VLAN tagged packet Figure 13 Layer 2 802 1q 802 1p VLAN Tagged Packet Data FCS Preamble SFD pac smao Tag E Type T T T T T T T T VLAN Identifier VID fa Priority 5 4 sa i o7 S 7 6 a2 E Ingress packets receive a priority value as follows m Tagged packets The switch reads the 802 1p priority in the VLAN tag Untagged packets The switch tags the packet and assigns an 802 1p priority value based on the port s default 802 1p priority Egress packets are placed in a Class of Service COS queue based on the priority value and scheduled for transmission based on the COS queue number Higher COS queue numbers provide forwarding precedence The following is an example of 802 1p configuration 1 Configure a port s default 802 1p priority value to 2 ex2500 config interface port 1 ex2500 config if dotip 2 ex2500 config if exit 2 Map the 802 1p priority value to a COS queue ex2500 config qos transmit queue mapping 1 0 Using 802 1p Priority to Provide QoS m 63 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide Queuing and Scheduling 64 m Queuing and Scheduling The EX2500 switch has eight output Class of Service COS queues per port into which each packet is
93. provides a list of IP addresses from which it does not want to receive traffic This indicates that the host wants to receive traffic only from sources that are not part of the Exclude list To disable snooping on EXCLUDE mode reports use the following command ex2500 config no ip igmp snoop igmpv3 exclude By default the switch snoops the first eight sources listed in the IGMPv3 Group Record Use the following command to change the number of snooping sources ex2500 config ip igmp snoop igmpv3 sources lt 1 64 gt IGMPv3 Snooping is compatible with IGMPv1 and IGMPv2 Snooping You can disable snooping on version 1 and version 2 reports with the following command ex2500 config no ip igmp snoop igmpv3 viv2 IGMP Snooping Configuration Example This section provides steps to configure IGMP Snooping on the switch Use the following procedure to configure IGMP Snooping 1 Configure port and VLAN membership on the switch 2 Enable IGMP Snooping ex2500 config ip igmp snoop enable 3 Add VLANs to IGMP Snooping ex2500 config ip igmp snoop vian 1 IGMPv3 Snooping 73 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide Enable IGMPv3 Snooping optional ex2500 config ip igmp snoop igmpv3 enable View dynamic IGMP information ex2500 show ip igmp groups Note Local groups 224 0 0 x are not snooped relayed and will not appear Source Group VLAN Port Version Mode Expires Fwd 10 1 1 1 232 1 1 1 2 4 V3 INC 4 16 Yes 10 1 1 5
94. r RADIUS m TACACS uses TCP based connection oriented transport whereas RADIUS is UDP based TCP offers a connection oriented transport while UDP offers best effort delivery RADIUS requires additional programmable variables such as re transmit attempts and time outs to compensate for best effort transport but it lacks the level of built in support that a TCP transport offers m TACACS offers full packet encryption whereas RADIUS offers password only encryption in authentication requests m TACACS separates authentication authorization and accounting How TACACS Authentication Works TACACS works in much the same way as RADIUS authentication as described on page 11 The remote administrator connects to the switch and provides a username and password 1 Using Authentication Authorization protocol the switch sends a request to authentication server 2 The authentication server checks the request against the user ID database 3 Using TACACS protocol the authentication server instructs the switch to grant or deny administrative access During a session if additional authorization checking is needed the switch checks with a TACACS server to determine if the user is granted permission to use a particular command TACACS Authentication Features in the EX2500 Switch Authentication is the action of determining the identity of a user and is generally done when the user first attempts to log in to a device or gain
95. re Spanning Tree note that Spanning Tree Groups 2 128 are allowed to contain only one VLAN VLAN Configuration Rules VLANs operate according to specific configuration rules When creating VLANs consider the following rules that determine how the configured VLAN reacts in any network topology m All ports involved in trunking and port mirroring must have the same VLAN configuration If a port is on a trunk with a mirroring port the VLAN configuration cannot be changed For more information trunk groups see Port Trunking Configuration Example on page 45 26 m VLAN Topologies and Design Considerations Chapter 2 VLANs m All ports that are involved in port mirroring must have memberships in the same VLANS If a port is configured for port mirroring the port s VLAN membership cannot be changed For more information on configuring port mirroring see Monitoring Ports with Port Mirroring on page 81 Multiple VLANs Configuration Example Figure 6 shows a sample network consisting of an EX2500 switch configured with multiple VLANs with VLAN tagged gigabit adapters Figure 6 Sample Network with Multiple VLANs Enterprise Enterprise Routing Switch Routing Switch EX2500 Switch Server 1 Server 2 Server 3 Server 4 Server 5 VLAN 1 VLAN 1 VLAN 2 VLAN 3 VLAN 1 2 The multiple VLANs example in Figure 6 is described in Table 8 Table 8 Components of Sample Network with Multiple VLANs 1 of 2 Component EX2
96. review release notes http www juniper net customers csc software Search technical bulletins for relevant hardware and software notifications http www juniper net alerts Join and participate in the Juniper Networks Community Forum http www juniper net company communities Open a case online in the CSC Case Management tool http www juniper net cm To verify service entitlement by product and serial number use our Serial Number Entitlement SNE Tool at http tools juniper net SerialNumber EntitlementSearch Opening a Case with JTAC You can open a case with JTAC on the Web or by telephone xiv 5 Requesting Technical Support Use the Case Management tool in the CSC at http www juniper net cm Call 1 888 3 14 JTAC 1 888 314 5822 toll free in the USA Canada and Mexico For international or direct dial options in countries without toll free numbers visit us at http www juniper net support requesting support html Part 1 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Applications This configuration guide will help you plan implement and administer EX2500 software Where possible each chapter provides feature overviews usage examples and configuration instructions m Accessing the Switch on page 3 describes how to access the switch to perform administration tasks This chapter also discusses different methods to manage the switch for remote administrators using specific IP addresses authentication and Secure Shell S
97. rmation in this document is current as of the date listed in the revision history SOFTWARE LICENSE The terms and conditions for using this software are described in the software license contained in the acknowledgment to your purchase order or to the extent applicable to any reseller agreement or end user purchase agreement executed between you and Juniper Networks By using this software you indicate that you understand and agree to be bound by those terms and conditions Generally speaking the software license restricts the manner in which you are permitted to use the software and may contain prohibitions against certain uses The software license may state conditions under which the license is automatically terminated You should consult the license for further details For complete product documentation see the Juniper Networks Web site at http www juniper net techpubs Table of Contents Part 1 Chapter 1 About This Guide xi ODBICCUVES AAA AA ides Reset Te xi AUN CC ici ven i aes tae a pp a ea Gees N eee E nae ee xi SUpported Plato it A eA Mugs esta ae cas xi Documentation Convention Sessie eia EE E EEE E AEE AEE EnS xii Eist of Technical PUDlCICON Scania xiii Documentation Feedbacka idilio xiii Requesting Technical SUPpoOr E msi belinda ati xiii Self Help Online Tools and ReSsQurCeS ooocoocccocoooonconnnnnnnnnnnnoncccnccinccinnnoo xiv Openinga Case With JIA CG eusar d an xiv EX2500 Ethernet Switch Applications Acc
98. rovides important information about configuring Multiple Spanning Tree Groups When MSTP is turned on the switch automatically moves all VLANs to the CIST When MSTP is turned off the switch moves all VLANs from the CIST to STG 1 m When enabling MSTP you must configure a Region Name and a default version number of 0 zero is configured automatically Each bridge in the region must have the same name version number and VLAN mapping Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol m 39 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide Figure 9 shows how multiple spanning trees can provide redundancy without wasting any uplink ports In this example the server ports are split between two separate VLANs Both VLANs belong to two different Multiple Spanning Tree MSTP Groups The spanning tree priority values are configured so that each routing switch is the root for a different MSTP instance All of the uplinks are active with each uplink port backing up the other Figure 9 Implementing Multiple Spanning Tree Groups Enterprise Enterprise Routing Switch Routing Switch MSTP Group 1 root MSTP Group 2 root Passing VLAN 1 EX2500 Blocking VLAN 1 Blocking VLAN 2 Passing VLAN 2 Server 1 Server 2 Server 3 Server 4 Server 5 VLAN 2 VLAN 2 VLAN 1 VLAN 1 VLAN 1 Multiple Spanning Tree Groups Configuration Example This configuration shows how to configure MSTP Groups on the switch as shown in Figure 9 1 Configure port membership and de
99. rren 37 iv m Table of Contents Table of Contents PVRST Configuration Guidelines yerina ta a eara ea 38 COMESULIN GP VRS T pelee delete e ANEI libs E stants g 38 Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol mantente nodo ordenes paradise 39 MSTP Reg tota literato rd ii li ette 39 Common Internal Spanning Tree iento alot e a ea e 39 MSTP Contiguration Guid lin s cneid cis erheen a ar 39 Multiple Spanning Tree Groups Configuration Example 40 East Uplink COnVerCence dida terior sedal tee q eae a a aaea aE Ee 41 Configuration Guidelines dolia ves nd GO cs riada 42 Configuring Fast Uplink Convergence nonccconococnncnncccccccconncnann na nano ncncncn ns 42 Chapter 4 Ports and Trunking 43 TrUNKINS OVErVi EW esoe droit root Errores 43 Statistical Load Distribution naersin eenah en des 43 Built In Fault TOETAN EE een eate ahe ei r a A 44 Before Configuring Static TTUNKS oooonnnnninnnconocnnnnncccncccncnnonana conc nn nn cnnccnns 44 Trunk Group Configuration Rules cece cnc ccccccncoanan nano n nn cnn 44 Port Trunking Configuration Example oooonnnnnococcocccccccccocononann nn nn nn nncccccnancnnna 45 Configurable Trunk Hash Algorithm eect nccccnnccnnon nn nn n nn ccnccnns 47 Link Aggregation Control ProtOCOl ooococccninnccccooooaonnnnnnncccnnnonnonana nono cnn nccncncni ns 47 LACP Configuration Guidelines eistecht aasia 49 Conneurin e LACP semna errata e dictadas 49 Optionally Reducing LACP TimeOut oooooonncnccnnoonnnnnnncnnncnoncno
100. rrored ports As an example an IDS server can be connected to the monitor port to detect intruders attacking the network The EX2500 switch can mirror all types of Layer 2 and Layer 3 traffic Up to four monitor ports can be configured Each monitor port can receive mirrored traffic from multiple switch ports but each specific switch port is permitted to be mirrored to only one monitor port For each mirrored port you can also specify whether to mirror only ingress traffic traffic entering the switch port only egress traffic traffic leaving the switch port or both Figure 15 shows an example of port mirroring Figure 15 Monitoring Ports Regular Switch Port Traffic Ingress Egress Ingress Egress Ingress Egress Juniper EX2500 Buniper ao meee ee ee sre 2 4 7 10 eS o lae wf 1 22 18 da 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 CON RESET MGMT 1 Monitor Port Mirrored Traffic Port Mirroring Overview m 81 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide Ss As shown in Figure 15 port 2 is acting as a monitor port receiving mirrored traffic from three other switch ports ingress traffic from port 4 egress traffic from port 7 and both ingress and egress traffic from port 10 A sniffer could be attached to port 2 in order to monitor the mirrored traffic on ports 4 7 and 10 NOTE Ingress and egress traffic is duplicated
101. s list ip 230 extended config ext nacl permit udp any any eq 68 config ext nacl exit XA AAA 2 Configure IP ACLs to deny all other traffic The ACLs that allow traffic must have a higher priority than the ACLs that deny all traffic ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 config access list ip 240 extended config ext nacl deny tcp any any config ext nacl exit config access list ip 245 extended config ext nacl deny udp any any config ext nacl exit Se Ba Be Be 3 Configure one MAC ACL for each type of traffic that you want to permit ARP ex2500 config access list mac extended 10 ex2500 config ext macl permit any any arp ex2500 config ext macl exit 4 Assign the ACLs to a port ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 config interface port 7 config if ip access group 200 in config if ip access group 210 in config if ip access group 220 in config if ip access group 230 in config if ip access group 240 in config if ip access group 245 in config if mac access group 10 in ae 4B BB Be Nooo 58 EH Using ACL Filters Chapter 5 Quality of Service Using Storm Control Filters Broadcast Storms The EX2500 switch provides filters that can limit the number of the following packet types transmitted by switch ports m Broadcast packets m Multicast packets m Unknown unicast packets destination lookup failure Excessive transmission of broadcast or
102. st ex2500 config access list ip 160 standard ex2500 config std nacl deny 100 10 1 0 255 255 255 0 host 200 20 2 2 ex2500 config std nacl exit 2 Assign the ACL to port 10 ex2500 config interface port 10 ex2500 config if ip access group 160 in ex2500 config if exit ACL Example 3 Blocking HTTP Traffic Use this configuration to block HTTP traffic on a port 1 Configure an Access Control List ex2500 config access list ip 170 extended ex2500 config ext nacl deny tcp any any eq 80 ex2500 config ext nacl exit 2 Add the ACL to a port ex2500 config interface port 12 ex2500 config if ip access group 170 in ex2500 config if exit Using ACL Filters m 57 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide ACL Example 4 Blocking All Except Certain Packets Use this configuration to block all traffic except traffic of certain types HTTP HTTPS DHCP and ARP packets are permitted on the port All other traffic is denied 1 Configure one IP ACL for each type of traffic that you want to permit ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 config access list ip 200 extended config ext nacl permit tcp any any eq 80 config ext nacl exit config access list ip 210 extended config ext nacl permit tcp any any eq 443 config ext nacl exit config access list ip 220 extended config ext nacl permit udp any any eq 67 config ext nacl exit config acces
103. stance is independent of other instances MSTP allows frames assigned to different VLANs to follow separate paths each path based on an independent Spanning Tree instance This approach provides multiple forwarding paths for data traffic enabling load balancing and reducing the number of Spanning Tree instances required to support a large number of VLANS MSTP Region A group of interconnected bridges that share the same attributes is called an MST region Each bridge within the region must share the following attributes m Alphanumeric name m Revision number m VLAN to STG mapping scheme MSTP provides rapid re configuration scalability and control due to the support of regions and support for multiple Spanning Tree instances within each region Common Internal Spanning Tree The Common Internal Spanning Tree CIST provides a common form of Spanning Tree Protocol with one Spanning Tree instance that can be used throughout the MSTP region CIST allows the switch to interoperate with legacy equipment including devices that run IEEE 802 1D 1998 CIST allows the MSTP region to act as a virtual bridge to other bridges outside of the region and provides a single Spanning Tree instance to interact with them CIST port configuration includes Hello time path cost and interface priority These parameters do not affect Spanning Tree Groups 1 through 32 They apply only when the CIST is used MSTP Configuration Guidelines This section p
104. switch through an untagged member port the frame header remains unchanged When a tagged frame exits the switch through an untagged member port the tag is stripped and the tagged frame is changed to an untagged frame m Tagged member A port that has been configured as a tagged member of a specific VLAN When an untagged frame exits the switch through a tagged member port the frame header is modified to include the 32 bit tag associated with the PVID When a tagged frame exits the switch through a tagged member port the frame header remains unchanged original VID remains E NOTE If an 802 1Q tagged frame is received by a port that has VLAN tagging disabled and the port VLAN ID PVID is different from the VLAN ID of the packet then the frame is dropped at the ingress port Figure 1 illustrates the default VLAN settings on the switch VLAN Tagging m 23 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide 24 m VLAN Tagging Figure 1 Default VLAN Settings 802 1Q Switch VLAN 1 yf Tyga Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 Port 4 Port 5 Port 6 Port 7 PVID 1 4 DA CRC SA Incoming Outgoing Pata untagged Data untagged packet packet unchanged SA CRC DA Key rd By default All ports are assigned PVID 1 All ports are untagged members of VLAN 1 BS45010A NOTE The port numbers specified
105. t STGs 2 through 128 are empty and STG 1 contains all configured VLANs until individual VLANs are assigned to other STGs The EX2500 switch allows only one VLAN per STG except for STG 1 If the ports are tagged each port sends out a special BPDU containing the tagged information When a tagged port belongs to more than one STG the egress BPDUs are tagged to distinguish the BPDUs of one STG from those of another STG This configuration shows how to configure PVRST on the switch i Set the spanning tree mode to PVRST ex2500 config spanning tree mode pvrst Configure port membership for VLAN 1 and VLAN 2 Define the STGs for each VLAN By default port 1 is a member of VLAN 1 and VLAN 1 is assigned to STG 1 Add port 2 to VLAN 2 and assign VLAN 2 to STG 2 ex2500 config vlan 2 ex2500 config vlan enable ex2500 config vlan H member 2 ex2500 config vlan stg 2 ex2500 config vlan exit Chapter 3 Spanning Tree Protocol Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol MSTP extends Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol through multiple Spanning Tree Groups using multiple VLANs in each STG MSTP supports up to 32 Spanning Tree instances that correspond to Spanning Tree Groups 1 through 32 For more information about Spanning Tree Protocol see Spanning Tree Protocol on page 31 In Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol MSTP several VLANs can be mapped to each Spanning Tree instance Each Spanning Tree in
106. t has logged in immediately prior Also key generation will fail if an SSH client is logging in at that time SSH Integration with RADIUS and TACACS Authentication SSH is integrated with RADIUS authentication After the RADIUS server is enabled on the switch all subsequent SSH authentication requests will be redirected to the specified RADIUS servers for authentication The redirection is transparent to the SSH clients SSH is integrated with TACACS authentication After the TACACS server is enabled on the switch all subsequent SSH authentication requests will be redirected to the specified TACACS servers for authentication The redirection is transparent to the SSH clients End User Access Control 18 m Securing Access to the Switch The EX2500 switch allows an administrator to define end user accounts that permit end users to perform operation tasks via the switch CLI commands Once end user accounts are configured and enabled the switch requires username password authentication For example an administrator can assign a user who can then log in to the switch and perform operational commands effective only until the next switch reboot Chapter 1 Accessing the Switch Considerations for Configuring End User Accounts A maximum of 10 user IDs are supported on the switch m The EX2500 switch supports end user support for console Telnet EX2500 Web Device Manager and SSHv1 or SSHv2 access to the switch m If RADIU
107. tantes sasiu patah e ao a DS 38 multiple spanning trees eee 37 NT 31 PARAS Ei A A Aide 37 RSTP configuration guidelines occ 36 A NN 35 Spanning Tree Group STG guidelines 33 WIDE dad 76 SSH CONAPA ia NA 17 RSA host and Server Keys 17 A NE 73 statistical load distribution 43 statistics MON iaa 66 Storm control lia 59 support technical requesting xiii switch ports VLANs membership cinco 22 Syhitax CONVENIOS casta xii T TACACS authentication eect 14 tagging See VLANS tagging Ori titi crecido 54 technical support requesting cocinan xiii technical terms Assured Forwarding AF 0 0 eee 61 Class Selector ina 61 community VLAN cosida lia 29 Expedited Forwarding EF eccerre 61 isolated portant eta 29 isolated VLAN Suma a 29 port VLAN identifier PVID ono 23 PYOMMSCUOUS POTE mec retina 29 tagged Hai ori 23 tagged MEDEL ui 23 untagecd frane ir ia 23 untagged MEMDEL rca alii 23 VLAN identiter VID garanteres 23 TEITE Gae one r E E 5 tEXE CONVENTIONS cinco E E A xii timeout LACP teducino yia e a 49 troubleshooting POLES arste tnei E 81 trunk fash algorithm aneia 47 trunking ports See port trunking Index m 87 Index EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide 88 um U UD Sida 54 UD tica narnia A 75 CONSULTA ri a rica 77 configuration guidelines 76 OX AMP E ae ar lc lei 75 Failure Det ction Pal inoionjenneerirre s c 76 PONTOT Baal ENIR E Si 77 OMC Wisteria eo
108. ters have been learned on that port With FastLeave enabled on the VLAN a port can be removed immediately from the port list of the group entry when the IGMP Leave message is received unless a multicast router was learned on the port Enable FastLeave only on VLANs that have only one host connected to each physical port To enable FastLeave use the following command ex2500 config ip igmp fastleave lt VLAN number 1 4094 gt IGMPv3 Snooping Chapter 7 IGMP IGMPv3 includes new membership report messages to extend IGMP functionality The switch provides snooping capability for all types of IGMP version 3 IGMPv3 Membership Reports IGMPv3 supports Source Specific Multicast SSM SSM identifies session traffic by both source and group addresses The IGMPv3 implementation keeps records on the multicast hosts present in the network If a host is already registered when it sends an IS_INC TO_INC IS_EXC or TO_EXC report the switch overwrites the existing port host group registration with the new registration the registrations of other hosts on the same group same port are not changed IS_INCLUDE and TO_INCLUDE reports with no source are not registered The switch supports the following IGMPv3 filter modes m INCLUDE mode The host requests membership to a multicast group and provides a list of IP addresses from which it wants to receive traffic m EXCLUDE mode The host requests membership to a multicast group and
109. that participates in Spanning Tree to bypass the Discarding and Learning states and enter directly into the Forwarding state Bridge Protocol Data Units BPDUs 32 m Spanning Tree Overview To create a spanning tree the switch generates a configuration Bridge Protocol Data Unit BPDU which it then forwards out of its ports All switches in the Layer 2 network participating in the spanning tree gather information about other switches in the network through an exchange of BPDUs A BPDU is a 64 byte packet that is sent out at a configurable interval which is typically set for 2 seconds The BPDU is used to establish a path much like a hello packet in IP routing BPDUs contain information about the transmitting bridge and its ports including bridge MAC address bridge priority port priority and path cost The generic action of a switch upon receiving a BPDU is to compare the received BPDU to its own BPDU that it will transmit If the received BPDU is better than its own BPDU it will replace its BPDU with the received BPDU Then the switch uses this information to block any necessary ports Determining the Path for Forwarding BPDUs When determining which port to use for forwarding and which port to block the EX2500 switch uses information in the BPDU including each bridge ID A technique based on the lowest root cost is then computed to determine the most efficient path for forwarding Bridge Priority The bridge pr
110. the following information Document URL or title m Page number m Software version m Your name and company Requesting Technical Support Technical product support is available through the Juniper Networks Technical Assistance Center JTAC If you are a customer with an active J Care or JNASC support contract or are covered under warranty and need postsales technical support you can access our tools and resources online or open a case with JTAC m JTAC policies For a complete understanding of our JTAC procedures and policies review the JTAC User Guide located at http www juniper net customers support downloads 710059 paf m Product warranties For product warranty information visit http www juniper net support warranty m JTAC hours of operation The JTAC centers have resources available 24 hours a day 7 days a week 365 days a year List of Technical Publications xiii EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide Self Help Online Tools and Resources For quick and easy problem resolution the Juniper Networks online self service portal the Customer Support Center CSC provides the following features Find CSC offerings http www juniper net customers support Search for known bugs http www2 juniper net kb Find product documentation http www juniper net techpubs Find solutions and answer questions using our Knowledge Base http kb juniper net Download the latest versions of software and
111. tics 66 m RMON Group 1 Statistics The switch supports collection of Ethernet statistics as outlined in the RMON statistics MIB in reference to etherStatsTable You can configure RMON statistics on a per port basis RMON statistics are sampled every second and new data overwrites any old data on a given port NOTE You must configure RMON statistics for the port before you can view RMON statistics Use the following procedure to configure RMON statistics 1 Enable RMON on a port ex2500 config interface port 1 ex2500 config if rmon enable Configure the RMON statistics on a port ex2500 config interface port 1 ex2500 config if rmon collection stats 1 ex2500 config if rmon collection stats owner port 1 rmon This configuration enables RMON statistics on port 1 View RMON statistics for the port ex2500 config show rmon statistics RMON is enabled Collection 1 on 7 is active and owned by port 1 rmon Monitors ifEntry 1 7 which has Received 0 octets O packets O broadcast and O multicast packets O undersized and O oversized packets O fragments and O jabbers O CRC alignment errors and O collisions of packets received of length Cin octets 64 0 65 127 0 128 255 0 256 511 0 512 1023 0 1024 1518 0 Chapter 6 Remote Monitoring RMON Group 2 History The RMON History Group allows you to sample and archive Ethernet statistics for a specific interface during a specific t
112. tion Guide Figure 11 QoS Model Ingress Ports Classify Perform Packets Actions O A gt EN AGL Permit Deny nm Filter The basic QoS model works as follows m Classify traffic m Read the DSCP value m Read the 802 1p priority value Match ACL filter parameters m Perform actions m Permit packets m Deny packets m Map the 802 1p priority to a COS queue m Map the DSCP to a COS queue m Set the number of COS queues 1 through 8 m Queue and schedule traffic m Place packets in one of the COS queues Schedule transmission based on the COS queue Using ACL Filters Queue and Schedule COS Queue Egress Access Control Lists ACLs are filters that allow you to classify data packets according to a particular content in the packet header such as the source address destination address source port number destination port number and others Packet classifiers identify flows for more processing Each filter defines the conditions that must match for inclusion in the filter and also the actions that are performed when a match is made ACLs are used to control whether packets are forwarded or blocked at the switch ports ACLs can provide basic security for access to the network For example you can use an ACL to permit one host to access a part of the network and deny another host access to the same area 52 wm Using ACL Filters MA
113. trunk members the specific ports making up the trunk Ensure that the chosen switch ports are set to enabled Trunk member ports must have the same VLAN and Spanning Tree configuration 3 Consider how the existing Spanning Tree will react to the new trunk configuration See Spanning Tree Protocol on page 31 for Spanning Tree Group configuration guidelines 4 Consider how existing VLANs will be affected by the addition of a trunk Trunk Group Configuration Rules 44 m Trunking Overview The trunking feature operates according to specific configuration rules When creating trunks consider the following rules that determine how a trunk group reacts in any network topology m All trunks must originate from one device and lead to one destination device Any physical switch port can belong to only one trunk group m Trunking from third party devices must comply with EtherChannel technology When ports become members of a trunk configuration parameters except ACL and QoS are applied per trunk When a trunk group is formed these parameters are configured for the trunk ID which overrides the port level parameters m All trunk member ports must be assigned to the same VLAN configuration before the trunk can be enabled Chapter 4 Ports and Trunking You cannot change the VLAN membership for a trunk group s member port You can change the VLAN membership of the trunk group m When an active port is configured in
114. ves the switch through port 5 which is configured as a tagged member of VLAN 2 However the tagged packet is stripped untagged as it leaves the switch through port 7 which is configured as an untagged member of VLAN 2 Figure 5 802 10 Tagging after 802 1Q Tag Assignment PVID 2 Port 1 Port 2 Port 3 802 1Q Switch NTE Untagged member CRC of VLAN 2 Data SA DA YE Recalculated Outgoing Port 5 Tagged member Of VLAN 2 CRC Data Tag SA DA gt ll 8100 Priority CFI VID 2 dd 16 bits 3bits 1bit 12 bits untagged packet changed tag removed VLAN Topologies and Design Considerations After Key Priority User_priority CFI Canonical format indicator VID VLAN identifier BS45014A This section discusses how you can connect users and segments to a host that supports many logical segments or subnets by using the flexibility of the multiple VLAN system Be aware of the following VLAN properties on the EX2500 switch m By default the EX2500 software is configured so that tagging is disabled on all ports m By default the EX2500 software is configured so that all data ports are members of VLAN 1 m By default the EX2500 software is configured so that the management port is a member of VLAN 4095 the management VLAN m If you configu
115. viewing information and statistics about the EX2500 Ethernet Switch This chapter discusses different methods of accessing the switch and ways to secure the switch for remote administrators Configuring the Management Interface on page 3 m Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol on page 4 m Using Telnet on page 5 m Using the EX2500 Web Device Manager on page 5 m Using SNMP on page 7 m Securing Access to the Switch on page 10 Configuring the Management Interface To manage the switch through the management port you must configure an IP interface Configure the following IP parameters m IP address m Subnet mask m Default gateway address To configure the IP parameters use the following procedure 1 Log on to the switch 2 Enter Global Configuration mode ex2500 gt enable ex2500 configure terminal Configuring the Management Interface m 3 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide 3 Configure the management IP address subnet mask and default gateway ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 ex2500 config interface ip mgmt address 10 10 10 2 config interface ip mgmt netmask 255 255 255 0 config interface ip mgmt enable config interface ip mgmt gateway 10 10 10 1 config interface ip mgmt gateway enable config exit Pea ag Once you configure the IP address for your switch you can connect to the management port and use the Telnet program from an external management station to access and control
116. witch Access Control Configure Access Control Lists ACLs to filter IP packets Uplink Failure Detection Configure Uplink Failure Detection to provide high availability Using SNMP The EX2500 switch provides SNMPv1 SNMPv2 and SNMPv3 support for access through any network management software such as IBM Director or HP OpenView SNMPv1 SNMPv2 To access the SNMP agent on the EX2500 switch the read and write community strings on the SNMP manager should be configured to match those on the switch The default read community string on the switch is public and the default write community string is private The read and write community strings on the switch can be changed with the following commands on the CLI ex2500 config snmp server read community lt 1 32 characters gt and ex2500 config snmp server write community lt 1 32 characters gt The SNMP manager should be able to reach the management interface or any one of the IP interfaces on the switch Using SNMP m 7 EX2500 Ethernet Switch Configuration Guide SNMPv3 8 m Using SNMP SNMPv3 is an enhanced version of the Simple Network Management Protocol approved by the Internet Engineering Steering Group in March 2002 SNMPv3 contains additional security and authentication features that provide data origin authentication data integrity checks timeliness indicators and encryption to protect against threats such as masquerade modification of information mess

Juniper Networks EX2500 User's Manual

Contents

Download Pdf Manuals

Related Search

Related Contents