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Intel NetStructure ZT8101 User's Manual

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1. Column Description ed A counter incremented whenever an entry to the switch s history log is made The S table displays the last entry highest sequence number first Tim The time the history log entry was made The time is specified in days hours and minutes since the switch was last restarted Log Text The text describing the event that triggered the history log entry 63 Using the Telnet Console Advanced Setup Most of the following options can be configured independently of the other options However you must configure a VLAN before you can configure an IP interface for it Spanning Tree 64 The Spanning Tree Protocol STP prevents loops in a network by allowing only one active path between any two network devices at a time For more information about using this protocol refer to Spanning Tree Concepts in chapter 3 STP operates on two levels On the switch level the settings are globally implemented On the port level the settings are implemented on a user defined group basis STP must be enabled on the switch for it to be enabled on a particular port To configure global STP switch settings 1 From the Main Menu select Spanning Tree and press Enter 2 Using the spacebar toggle the Status field to Enabled or Disabled The factory default settings should cover the majority of installations and most installations should keep these default settings 3 To change the facto
2. segment To view an analysis of packet sizes and types 1 From the Main Menu select Network Monitoring Port Packet Analysis and press Enter 2 In the Port field enter the port number to be analyzed 3 Toggle the Interval field to suspend or to a value from 2 seconds to 1 minute This field sets the interval at which the statistics are updated 4 To clear the statistics and gather new highlight CLEAR COUNTERS and press Enter The screen displays these statistics RX indicates received and TX indicates transmitted Column Description The size in octets bytes of frames or the type of frame transferred through the Frame Size or Type switch Frame Counts The total number of frames transferred through the switch of the corresponding size or type The number of frames per second transferred through the switch of the Frames sec corresponding size or type Total The total number of bytes or frames received or transmitted Total sec The total number of bytes or frames received or transmitted per second Address Tables To view the MAC address table 1 From the Main Menu select Network Monitoring MAC Address Table and press Enter 2 Toggle the Browse By field to ALL MAC Address Port or VLAN This sets a filter to determine which MAC addresses to display The ALL option specifies no filter The MAC Address option allows you to enter a specific address The Port o
3. sssssssssssseeeneen eene tennis 51 To contigure SNMDB s tid e eet acted ta entend 51 To configure trap recipients seeen n 51 To configure the access list ssssseeeenn ee 52 Serial Port Settings zu set etc ets eee e n RE EE Een rer nde 52 Port Gonfigurations e e o elegi ep Dg pen DR puts 52 Switcli Utilities iit c Peer e leptin td 53 To update firmware scrierea anae r I ERR REIR RR Re E EE 54 To download a configuration file 54 To upload a configuration file seeee 54 To upload a history log Tile eseis annaa NE Ea n 54 To test connectivity with ping 55 BOOTP DHGP RBelay a e ote rh e ener 55 To enable the BOOTP DHCP relay agent sese 55 DNS Rel ay 2 5 ee te rette ied ene itbusiele heec EHE Liv daddes 56 To configure DNS Relay services sssssssseeene 56 Network MOMONG riere ocio ete t et E teri eee e t a fers 57 Port Statisli6s cc tust tet D Lut red ets 57 To view port utilization coit rei Ehre Ege 57 To view port error statistics seseeen eme 58 To view an analysis of packet sizes and types eeen 59 Address Tables idR dee 59 To view the MAC address table ssssssssseeenee 59 To view the IP address table sssssnn 60 To view the routing table sseeenn emn 60 To view the ARP table nete tr dae t ee dns 61
4. Flow Control Specifies the flow control mode for the port Enables or disables dynamic learning of MAC addresses You can disable MAC learning to increase the security of a specific port Such ports only receive broadcast traffic and packets that have a destination MAC address that matches the port s MAC address Learn 5 Highlight APPLY and press Enter Switch Utilities You can upgrade the switch s firmware by transferring a new firmware file from an TFTP Trivial File Transfer Protocol server to the switch You can also load a configuration file into the switch from an TFTP server or save the switch s configuration file and a history log to an TFTP server The TFTP server must be running TFTP server software to perform the file transfer TFTP server software is a part of many network management software packages or can be obtained as a separate program The switch utilities also allow you to ping stations and to configure DNS relay and BOOTP DHCP relay To access these utilities from the Main Menu select Switch Utilities and press Enter Switch Utilities Layer 3 Switch Switch Settings Server IP Address 10 40 44 60 Switch IP Address 10 90 90 90 Subnet Mask o0255 0 0 0 Gateway Router 710 0 0 0 TFTP Services Others Download Firmware from TFTP Server Ping Test Download Configuration from TFTP Server BOOTP DHCP Relay Upload Settings to TFTP Server DNS Relay Upload History Log to TFTP Serve
5. A Caution Avoid Electric Overload To avoid electric shock or fire hazard only connect your system to an input voltage source as specified in the product user manual 124
6. Membership Specifies the status of the port You can enter the status indicators of individual ports directly from the keyboard or you can use the spacebar to toggle between U T F and U Untagged Designates the port as an untagged member of the VLAN When an untagged packet is transmitted by the port the packet header remains unchanged When a tagged packet exits the port the tag is stripped and the packet is changed to an untagged packet If the port is attached to a device that is not IEEE 802 1Q VLAN compliant VLAN tag unaware then the port should be set to U Untagged T Tagged Designates the port as a tagged member of the VLAN When an untagged packet is transmitted by the port the packet header is changed to include the 32 bit tag associated with the PVID Port VLAN Identifier When a tagged packet with a different VID exits the port the packet header is unchanged If the port is attached to a device that is IEEE 802 1Q VLAN compliant VLAN tag aware then the port can be set to T Tagged F Forbidden Designates the port as not being a member of the VLAN and prevents packets tagged with the VLAN s VID from entering the port non member Designates the port as not being a member of the VLAN 4 Highlight APPLY and press Enter 5 To enter the change into non volatile RAM highlight Save Changes from the Main Menu and press Enter To configure the member ports of an 802 1Q V
7. esseeseesess 114 RIP Configuration 5 iit a ferte ia tbe Pee ie tete iso agrees 115 To globally enable or disable RIP sene 115 To configure RIP interface settings sees 115 Multicast Global Configurations sess 116 To configure globally the multicast protocols 116 IGMP Configurations heehee dives terae tede ee e nee c evap e ta aene dene 117 To configure IGMP snooping ssesssseeeenneneeenn 117 To configure IGMP for an IP interface sse 118 DVMRP Interface Configurations essssssssssseneeeeeennenn nennen 118 To configure DVMRP for an IP interface 118 PIM DM Setup retour dete de PE dt ane aeo Le idet ea cr See et aedi 119 To configure PIM DM for an IP interface eener 119 Static Router Port Settings sss 119 To configure a static router port 120 A Agency Approvals ete tete Ue eme be onov voee SEP vds b re SE E abe 121 GE Certification iue ton dete rr ROTE inen E e aua 121 SCC EC 121 Emissions Test Regulations sssseeeeen 121 Regulatory IriformatiOn x rere trt et vite tete eese Ux eee i xke ena 122 FCC Federal Communications Commission USA 122 Industry Canada Canada ssssssssseeeeenenne 122 Product Safety Information sss nen
8. IGMPv2 is an enhancement to the original IGMP and includes a few extensions such as a procedure for the election of the multicast querier for each LAN explicit leave messages for faster pruning and group specific query messages IGMP Queriers An IGMP querier sends IGMP Query packets periodically to help to maintain the multicast group information for a VLAN When IGMP Snooping is enabled for a VLAN the switch uses the following states to determine whether the VLAN becomes a querier Non Querier Prevents the VLAN from becoming a querier V1 Querier Enables the sending of IGMPv1 query packets If no querier is present in the VLAN or the VLAN s IP address is smaller than current V1 querier the switch becomes the querier for the VLAN IGMPv2 group specific query and leave packets are not handled e V2 Querier lIf a V1 querier is present in the VLAN the switch remains silent If no querier is present in the VLAN or the VLAN s IP address is smaller than current V2 querier the switch becomes the querier for the VLAN The switch then handles IGMPv2 group specific query and leave packets When receiving an IGMPv 2 leave packet the IGMP interface issues an IGMPv2 group specific query packet immediately and waits one second to check if any IGMP reports are received on the ports If not the port is removed from the IGMP group member list and the group s multicast data is not forwarded to this port until an IGMP report is received agai
9. The ZT8101 meets the intent of Directive 89 336 EEC for Electromagnetic Compatibility amp Low Voltage Directive 73 23 EEC for Product Safety The ZT8101 has been designed for NEBS ETSI compliance Safety Safety for Information Technology Equipment UL cUL 60950 d i Suse UL File E179737 EN IEC 60950 Safety for Information Technology Equipment CB Report Scheme CB Certificate and Report Emissions Test Regulations FCC Part 15 Subpart B EN 55022 CISPR 22 Bellcore GR 1089 EN 50081 1 Emissions GR 1089 CORE Sections 2 and 3 EN 55022 Class A Radiated EN 55022 Power Line Conducted Emissions EN 61000 3 2 Power Line Harmonic Emissions EN 61000 3 3 Power Line Fluctuation and Flicker EN 55024 Immunity GR 1089 CORE GR 1089 CORE Sections 2 and 3 EN 61000 4 2 Electrostatic Discharge ESD EN 61000 4 3 Radiated Susceptibility EN 61000 4 4 Electrical Fast Transient Burst EN 61000 4 5 Power Line Surge EN 61000 4 6 Frequency Magnetic Fields EN 61000 4 11 Voltage Dips Variations amp Short Interruptions 121 Agency Approvals Regulatory Information 122 Note Caution FCC Federal Communications Commission USA This product has been tested and found to comply with the limits for a Class A digital device pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This product generates
10. it is necessary to save all setting changes to NV RAM before rebooting the switch To retain any configuration changes permanently 1 In the left panel click Save Changes 2 Click Save Configuration A message appears verifying that your new settings have been saved to NV RAM Once the switch configuration settings have been saved to NV RAM they become the default settings for the switch These settings will be used every time the switch is rebooted You can use the Factory Reset option to return the switch to its factory configured settings Using the Web Console Restart 1 To restart the switch in the left panel click Reboot 2 Click Yes to save the current switch configuration to non volatile RAM flash RAM or No if you want to restart the switch using the last saved previous configuration 3 Click Restart Factory Reset The Factory Reset option is used to restart the switch using only the configuration that was supplied by the factory A factory reset returns all configuration options to their default values and restores the switch s configuration to the factory settings All user entered configuration information is lost To reset the switch to factory default values 1 In the left panel click Factory Reset 2 Click Yes if you want the switch to retain its current IP address or No to reset the switch s IP address to the factory default of 10 90 90 90 3 Click Reboot Basic Settings This section d
11. which it is connected To avoid potential hazards use the product only as specified Read all safety information provided in the component product user manuals and understand the precautions associated with safety symbols written warnings and cautions before accessing parts or locations within the unit p Caution To Avoid Electric Overload To avoid electrical hazards heat shock and or fire hazard do not make connections to terminals outside the range specified for that terminal See the product user manual for correct connections p Caution To Avoid the Risk of Electric Shock When supplying power to the system always make connections to a grounded main Always use a power cable with a grounded plug third grounding pin Do not operate in wet damp or condensing conditions E Caution System Airflow Requirements Platform components such as single board computers Ethernet switches etc are designed to operate with external air flow Components can be destroyed if they are operated without external air flow External air flow is normally provided by chassis fans when components are installed in compatible chassis Filler panels must be installed over unused chassis slots so that airflow requirements are met Refer to the product data sheet for airflow requirements if you are installing components in custom chassis Warning Microprocessor Heatsinks May Become Hot During Normal Operation To avoid burns
12. 1 65535 seconds The default is 10 Specifies cost for this path The higher the assigned cost the less likely it is Metric that multicast packets will be routed over this interface provided that other path options exist Enter a value between 1 31 The default is 1 State Enables or disables DVMRP for this interface Using the Web Console 5 Click Apply PIM DM Setup The Protocol Independent Multicast Dense Mode PIM DM protocol should be used in networks with a low delay low latency and high bandwidth because PIM DM is optimized to guarantee delivery of multicast packets not to reduce overhead To configure PIM DM for an IP interface 1 In the left panel click Layer 3 IP Networking 2 In the top panel click PIM DIM Interface Configurations 3 Select the interface and click Edit 4 Configure these fields Field Description Specifies the interval between sending Hello packets to other routers on the network The Hello messages are used by the router to determine whether it is the root router on the delivery tree or not If the router does not receive a Hello message within the Hello Interval it will begin transmitting Hello messages to advertise its availability to become the root router The range is between 1 65535 seconds The default is 30 seconds Hello Interval Specifies the interval between transmitting flooding to all interfaces multicast messages to downstream ro
13. 210 22K 23 OR 100 1000 25 26 In LINK O gpEED ACT oo N ae I ooma Y STATUS O O4 HOT SWAP NI Management Serial Port Ethernet Channel LEDs Activity Speed Front Panel Ethernet Port LEDs Activity Speed Toggle Activity Speed LEDs Pushbutton 10 100 Ethernet Ports 100 1000 Ethernet Ports Board Status Hot Swap 15 Installation and Initial Setup Status LEDs The two LEDs at the bottom of the font panel are status LEDs The top LED indicates the overall status of the board and the bottom LED indicates the hot swap status of the board Health Status LED Status Meaning Off Not powered Green Powered and functioning normally Attention needed due to one of the following conditions Over temperature Backend supplies exceeding voltage limits PMB time outs Amber Hot Swap LED Status Meaning Off Switch is active or in the process of shutting down do not remove it Blue Safe to remove the switch Port LEDs The LED array on the front panel displays information about all the Ethernet links on the board A green amber two color LED is used for each of the 26 Ethernet port connections 24 10 100 2 Gigabit A push button switch just below the array toggles the LED display from Link Activity mode to Link Speed mode The default LED mod
14. 88 Serial Port Settings i te eer e en i Lege nca aida 90 Port Configuratio NS asni ina ir tern ie tee Re Pete HEX PH EE HERE a ea bes Ra saa 90 Network Management eesssssseseseeseeeeene einen A EAEE a AREA nennen nnn 90 To configure SNMP community strings ssseseeeeeeese 91 To configure trap recipients ssseeee 91 To configure management station IP addresses ssusse 92 SWitchUtilities rt eee entire eee tee eere reddite eta 92 Contents To update firmwaren riii in EEA E EREE AET 92 To download a configuration file 93 To upload a configuration file seseeen 93 To upload a history log file seessen n 93 To test connectivity with ping 94 BOOTP DHCP Relay Agent sssssssssssssssesee eene nennen nnns 94 To configure the BOOTP DHCP relay agent ssssssees 94 To configure the static BOOTP relay setup seesssees 95 DNS Relay itid t aatem aede a ei 95 To configure DNS Relay sse enne 96 To configure the static DNS table ssssssssseeeee 96 Network Mohlitoririg 5 atero tei OE eoe in ee EE e RR e d ase RR e ERR ERR 96 Port Statistics eec re dite eate e ie Lecta e re YE eaat 97 To view port utilization esee 97 To view port error statistics nnns 97 To view an analysis of packet sizes a
15. Enter 4 To delete an entry toggle the Action field to Delete enter the MAC address highlight APPLY and press Enter To configure multicast MAC address forwarding The multicast MAC address settings configure the switch to forward multicast packets from a specific MAC address to a specified VLAN The port settings determine which ports can join the VLAN to forward the multicast packets 1 From the Main Menu select Forwarding Multicast MAC Address Settings and press Enter 2 Toggle the Action field to Add Modify and configure these fields Field Description VLAN Name Specifies the VLAN to which the multicast MAC packets are forwarded Multicast MAC Address Specifies the MAC address of the source of multicast packets Specifies how the port can join the multicast group You can enter the values for the individual ports directly from the keyboard or you can use the spacebar to toggle between E F and E Engress Specifies that the port is a static member of the multicast group F Forbidden Restricts the port from joining the multicast group Nono Specifies that the port has no restrictions and that it can join the multicast group dynamically Port 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter 67 Using the Telnet Console 68 4 To modify an entry toggle the Action field to Add Modify enter the VLAN Name and MAC address configure the ports highlight APPLY and press Enter 5
16. MAC addresses MAC Address Priority Configure specified MAC addresses for priority handling on source address destination address or both Mirroring Configurations Configure a source port to send a copy of its data to a target port for monitoring and troubleshooting VLAN Configurations Set up and administer VLANs on the switch Link Aggregation Combine ports on the switch to increase bandwidth Layer 3 IP Networking Configure IP interfaces RIP and multicast routing protocols User Accounts Access to the console is controlled via user accounts You can create up to six accounts one of which must be an Admin level account The other five accounts can be any combination of Admin level and User level accounts 1 Under Basic Setup in the left panel click User Accounts 2 Click New to add a user 3 Enter a new username assign an initial password and then confirm the new password Determine whether the user should have Admin or User privileges The next section describes the differences The first user created must be granted Admin privileges 4 Click Apply to make the user addition effective The Apply button makes changes to the switch configuration for the current session only If you want these changes to be permanent all changes including user additions or updates must be entered into non volatile ram using the Save Changes option in the left panel Admin and User Privileges There
17. PIM DM is optimized to guarantee delivery of multicast packets not to reduce overhead To configure PIM DM for an IP interface 1 From the Main Menu select Layer 3 IP Networking Setup PIM DM Interface Configurations and press Enter 2 Configure these fields Field Description Specifies the name of an IP interface that you want to configure for PIM DM Interface Name This must be a previously defined IP interface The IP Address field displays the address associated with the IP interface Specifies the interval between sending Hello packets to other routers on the network The Hello messages are used by the router to determine whether it is the root router on the delivery tree or not If the router does not receive a Helo Imerval Hello message within the Hello Interval it will begin transmitting Hello messages to advertise its availability to become the root router The range is between 1 65535 seconds The default is 30 seconds State Disables or enables PIM DM for this IP interface Specifies the interval for performing these tasks Removing prune information from a branch of a multicast delivery tree Join Prune Interval Flooding multicast messages to all branches of that delivery tree These two actions are equivalent The range is between 1 65535 seconds The default is 60 seconds 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter Static Router Port A static router port allows UDP multicast an
18. Ports and press Enter 2 In the VLAN Name field enter the name of the VLAN to search for router ports Highlight FIND and press Enter 61 Using the Telnet Console The Router Port table contains the VLAN name and under the port groupings 1 to 8 9 to 16 17 to 24 and 25 to 26 a port is assigned an S if the port is a static router port a D if the port has been dynamically assigned to be a router port or a if the port is not a router port To view the IGMP snooping status You can view IGMP group information for each VLAN 1 From the Main Menu select Network Monitoring IGMP Snooping Status and press Enter 2 In the VLAN Name field enter the name of the VLAN to retrieve IGMP snooping information Highlight FIND and press Enter The IGMP Snooping Status screen contains the following information Column Description Multicast group The IP address of a multicast group learned by IGMP snooping MAC address The corresponding MAC address learned by IGMP snooping Reports The number of IGMP reports for the listed source To view the IP multicast forwarding table You can browse the IP multicast forwarding table for static and dynamic learned entries You can also search the table using a combination of a multicast group IP address a multicast source IP address and a subnet mask 1 From the Main Menu select Network Monitoring IP Multicast Forwarding Table and press Enter 2 Ent
19. To delete an entry toggle the Action field to Delete enter the VLAN Name and MAC address highlight APPLY and press Enter To configure storm control The storm control settings allow you to specify thresholds for broadcast or multicast traffic that will activate storm control When the threshold is exceeded the switch drops the broadcast or multicast traffic When the traffic level drops below the threshold the switch resumes forwarding the traffic again 1 From the Main Menu select Forwarding Broadcast Multicast Storm Control and press Enter 2 Configure these fields for each port group Field Description Specifies in thousands the number of broadcast or multicast packets per Upper Threshold Kpps second a port can receive before triggering a storm control response Broadcast Storm Mode Enables or disables storm control for broadcast packets Multicast Storm Mode Enables or disables storm control for multicast packets 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter To configure advanced traffic control Advance traffic control sets the threshold for the amount of traffic a port can handle before triggering flow control You must enable flow control on the ports before you can set a flow control threshold 1 From the Main Menu select Forwarding Advance Traffic Control and press Enter 2 Toggle the View Ports field to the group of ports you want to configure 3 In the field enter a port or a ran
20. WAN or Internet A gain static routes should be determined and default gateways identified Develop a security scheme Some subnets on the network need more security or should be isolated from the other subnets You can use MAC and IP filtering You can also configure one or more VLANs on the Layer 3 switch without an IP subnet Without a subnet mask these VLANs function as a Layer 2 VLAN and require an external router to connect to the rest of the network Develop a policy scheme Some subnets will have a greater need for multicasting bandwidth for example A policy is a mechanism to alter the normal packet forwarding in a 41 Using the Telnet Console network device and can be used to intelligently allocate bandwidth to time critical applications such as the integration of voice video and data on the network Develop a redundancy scheme Planning redundant links and routes to network critical resources can save valuable time in case a link or a device fails You can use the Spanning Tree Protocol to block the redundant link until it is needed VLAN Layout VLANSs on the ZT8101 switch have more functions than on a traditional Layer 2 switch and must therefore be laid out and configured with more care Layer 3 VLANs could be thought of as network links rather than as a collection of associated end users Further Layer 3 VLANs are assigned an IP network address and subnet mask to enable IP routing between them Layer 3 VLA
21. Whenever a switch encounters a packet originating from or destined to a MAC address or an IP address entered into the filter table the switch discards the packet MAC Address Filtering When filtering by MAC address you have two options Static This option allows you to specify which port handles the packets from the specified MAC address e BlackHole This option allows you to have the switch drop the packets from or to a specified MAC address IP Address Filtering When filtering by IP address you have three options You can have the switch drop the packet based on where the IP address appears In the source In the destination In both the source and destination The table can contain 32 entries and two table entries are needed to configure a bi direction filter Port Mirroring Port mirroring allows the traffic on a particular port to be monitored by sending copies of the packets to a target port You can then attach a logic analyzer or a RMON probe to the target port and study the traffic crossing the source port in a completely unobtrusive manner You can configure only one port to be a target port but you can select multiple ports to be mirrored to this target port For optimum performance you should mirror three or fewer ports at any given time You can select which traffic is mirrored For a given mirrored port or source port you can select to mirror only incoming traffic only outgoing traffic or bot
22. alignment error The total number of frames received that were shorter than 64 octets in length excluding framing bits but including FCS octets and had either an FCS or an alignment error Jabber Long with alignment error The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518 octets excluding framing bits but including FCS octets and had either an FCS or an alignment error Drop Pkts Total dropped The total number of events in which packets were dropped due to a lack of resources Tx Frames Transmitted packets Delayed The number of frames for which the first transmission attempt on a ExDeter particular interface was delayed because the medium was busy Alignment For 10 Mbps ports the counter records CRC errors FCS or CRC Error alignment errors For 100 Mbps ports the counter records the sum of CRC errors and code errors frames received with rxerror signal Late Coll Late Collisions The number of times that a collision is after the allowable the detection period 58 Using the Telnet Console Field Description Excessive Collisions The number of frames for which transmission failed Ex Coll due to excessive collisions Single Coll Single Collision Frames The number of successfully transmitted frames for 9 which transmission is inhibited by more than one collision Coll Total Collisions An estimate of the total number of collisions on this network
23. and running Telnet A workstation connected to the network and running a Web browser To access the switch via Telnet or a Web browser you must assign the switch an appropriate IP address for your network To do this you must access the switch using the RS 232 port via the Local Console This section explains how to Setup access to the Local Console Configure the switch s IP address Once you complete these tasks you can access the switch from any of the three locations Since the Local Console and the Telnet Console use the same interface chapter 4 explains how to access the switch using Telnet and then explains all the configuration and management options in this interface Chapter 5 explains the Web Console Both the Web and the Telnet Serial interfaces expose the same functionality Chapter 3 describes some basic concepts that you should be familiar with before configuring the switch Accessing the Local Console The Local Console is a terminal or a workstation running a terminal emulation program that is connected directly to the switch via the RS 232 console port on the front of the switch Such a connection is referred to as an Out of Band connection because the console is connected to the switch using a different circuit than the circuit used for normal network communications The Local Console can be used to set up and manage the switch even when the network is down 17 Installation and Initial Setup The serial
24. are assigned an IP network address and subnet mask to enable IP routing between them Layer 3 VLANs must be configured on the switch before they can be assigned IP subnets Also the static VLAN configuration is specified on a per port basis On the ZT8101 switch a VLAN can consist of end nodes just like a traditional Layer 2 switch But a VLAN can also consist of one or more Layer 2 switches each of which is connected to multiple end nodes or network resources For example a Layer 3 VLAN consisting of four ports could be connected to four switches If these switches each have 24 ports then the Layer 3 VLAN would contain 96 4 x 24 end nodes Assigning an IP subnet to the Layer 3 VLAN would allow wire speed IP routing from the WAN to each end node and between end nodes Therefore the IP subnets for a network must be determined first and the VLANs configured on the switch to accommodate the IP subnets Finally the IP subnets can be assigned to the VLANs IP Addressing Scheme for VLANs The ZT8101 switch allows the assignment of IP subnets to individual VLANs Any VLAN configured on the switch that is not assigned an IP subnet will behave as a Layer 2 VLAN and will not be capable of IP routing Developing an IP addressing scheme is a complex subject As you are developing your scheme remember that the switch requires a unique IP addreess for all the anticipated end nodes on each Layer 3 VLAN The switch treats a VLAN with an IP network
25. corresponding IP interface The switch has one pre configured IP interface You can add additional IP interfaces for each user defined VLAN System IP Interface The switch s pre configured IP interface is called System This name cannot be modified By default the System IP interface is bound to the default VLAN VIDz 1 This VLAN contains all the switch s Ethernet ports You can assign or change the IP address of the System IP interface with a manual assignment BOOP or DHCP The switch uses the IP address assigned to the switch as the IP address for the System IP interface BOOTP and DHCP are only available for the System IP interface Switch Management and Operating Concepts Additional IP Interfaces To add an IP interface to the switch you must first configure a VLAN and then associate an IP address subnet mask and gateway with the VLAN These user defined IP interfaces differ from the System IP interface in the following ways They cannot use BOOTP DHCP to get a dynamic IP address They must be assigned a manual IP address They can be renamed However when the change is applied all other settings for the IP interface are changed to their default values This includes the settings for RIP and the IP multicast protocols IP Addressing Scheme An IP addressing scheme must be established and implemented when the IP interfaces are set up on the switch For example VLAN Name VID Switch Por
26. currently selected ports Specifies the speed and full or half duplex state of the ports For 100 Mpbs Speed Duplex ports the choices are Auto 10 Half 10 Full 100 Half or 100 Full For gigabit ports the choices are Auto 1000 Full or 100 Full Flow Control Specifies the flow control mode for the port Enables or disables dynamic learning of MAC addresses You can disable MAC learning to increase the security of a specific port Such ports only receive broadcast traffic and packets that have a destination MAC address that matches the port s MAC address Learn Configure Ports from to Allows you to apply the configuration for multiple ports 4 Click Apply Network Management You use the Network Management screens to display and modify parameters for the Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP The switch includes an on board SNMP agent which monitors the status of its hardware as well as the traffic passing through its ports A computer 90 Using the Web Console attached to the network called a Network Management Station NMS can be used to access this information Access rights to the on board agent are controlled by community strings To communicate with the switch the NMS must first submit a valid community string for authentication To configure SNMP community strings You can configure up to four community strings for SNMP authentication 1 In the left panel click Network Managemen
27. have a corresponding IP interface defined for it will function as a Layer 2 only VLAN The switch allows ranges of IP addresses OSI Layer 3 to be assigned to VLANs OSI Layer 2 Each VLAN must be configured prior to setting up the corresponding IP interface To set up IP Interfaces on the switch 1 From the Main Menu select Layer 3 IP Networking Setup IP Interface Settings and press Enter 2 Toggle the Action field to Add Modify 3 Configure these fields Field Description Specifies the name of the IP interface The default VLAN interface name is Interface Name System Specifies the IP address of the IP interface sometimes referred to as a Ik Address network address Subnet Mask Specifies the subnet mask for the IP address VLAN Name Specifies the VLAN that is assigned to this IP interface This VLAN must already exist The IP interface gets its port membership from the VLAN State Enables or disables the IP interface 4 Highlight APPLY and press Enter The Action field can be toggled between Add Modify and Delete using the space bar This enables the addition modification of a new or existing IP interface entry or the deletion of an existing entry If you modify an existing IP interface and apply the changes the RIP and IP multicast interface configurations are reset to default values RIP Configuration The Routing Information Protocol RIP is a distance vector protocol tha
28. identical to using Save Changes and then restarts the switch Reboot amp Load Factory Default Configuration Restarts the switch using the default factory configuration All custom configuration data will be lost Reboot amp Load Factory Default Configuration Except IP Address Restarts the switch using the default factory configuration except the user configured IP address will be retained All other configuration data will be lost 3 Highlight Yes on the confirmation prompt and press Enter Basic Settings 48 This section explains some of the basic options for configuring the switch Condition Task Using SNMP for network management Configure the options in the Network Management Setup screens Installing more than one switch Use the Switch Utilities to save configurations for use on multiple switches Testing communication with other devices Use the Ping Test utility from the Switch Utilities menu Need to set the port settings for the serial port to values other than the default values Configure the options with the Serial Port Settings Screen Switch Information Using the Telnet Console The Switch Information screen displays descriptive information about the switch From the Main Menu select Switch Information This screen contains the following information Field Description Device Type Specifies the product name ZT8101 Fast E
29. its ports unless the UDP multicast packets were all forwarded to the router port A router port will be dynamically configured when IGMP query packets RIPv2 multicast DVMRP multicast PIM DM multicast packets are detected flowing into a port To configure a static router port From the Main Menu select Layer 3 IP Networking Setup Static Router Port Settings and press Enter 2 Toggle the Action field to Add Modify and configure these fields Field Description VLAN Name Specifies the name of the VLAN the static router port resides on Specifies the ports that you want to set up as static router ports Each port can be set individually as a router port by highlighting the port s entry using the Arrow keys Use the spacebar to toggle between M member and non member Router Port 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter 4 To delete an entry toggle the Action field to Delete and enter the VLAN name of the VLAN for which the router port table entry is to be deleted Highlight APPLY and press Enter Using the Web Console 5 The ZT8101 switch has an embedded Web server that allows you to manage the switch from anywhere on the network through a standard browser such as Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer The Web browser communicates directly with the switch using the HTTP protocol The Web Console program and the Telnet Console are different ways to access the same internal switching sof
30. not being a member of the VLAN and prevents packets tagged with the VLAN s VID from entering the port None Designates the port as not being a member of the VLAN 4 Click Apply To configure member ports of an 802 1Q VLAN 1 In the left panel click VLAN Configurations 2 In the top panel click IEEE 802 1Q Port Settings 3 For each port enable or disable the following Field Description GVRP Specifies whether the port can dynamically become a member of a VLAN This protocol allows the port to share VLAN information with other ports so that a VLAN can span multiple switches Ingress Checking Specifies whether a port checks the VID of incoming packets against its VID or PVID If the two are equal the port will receive the packet It the two are unequal the port will drop the packet This is used to limit traffic to a single VLAN 4 Click Apply Link Aggregation Link aggregation allows several ports to be grouped together so that they can act as a single port This is done to either increase the bandwidth of a network connection or to increase fault tolerance Link Aggregation is most commonly used to link a bandwidth intensive network device or devices such as a server or server farm to the backbone of a network 113 Using the Web Console You can configure up to six aggregation groups each using from two to eight ports between any two ZT8101 switches or other switches
31. or previously cached the switch forwards them to the servers as defined in the following configuration The switch also forwards packets from the DNS servers back to the appropriate subnets To configure DNS Relay 1 In the left panel click Switch Utilities 2 In the top panel under Others click DNS Relay 3 Configure these fields Field Description DNS Relay State Enables or disables DNS relay on the switch Name Server 1 Specifies the IP address of the primary DNS server Name Server 2 Specifies the IP address of a secondary DNS server DNS Relay Cache Status Enables or disables the DNS cache on the switch DNS Static Table Lookup Status eR or disables the DNS Static Table Lookup function on the 4 Click Apply To configure the static DNS table The second task is to tell the DNS relay agent where the servers are located in terms of IP addresses and subnet names IP interface names 1 In the left panel click Switch Utilities 2 In the top panel under Others click DNS Relay Static Table Configurations 3 Click New and configure these fields Field Description Domain Name Specifies the name of the DNS server IP Address Specifies the IP address of the DNS relay server Status Enables or disables the entry for static look up 4 Click Apply 5 To remove an entry highlight it in the DNS Static Table and click Delete Network Monitoring This section explains
32. outgoing packets B Mirror both incoming and outgoing packets none Do not mirror Use the spacebar to toggle these values for a specific port If the port has an X this port cannot be selected for mirroring Mirrored Port 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter 4 To modify a target port in the table of current settings enter the port number in the Target Port field change the mirror port value highlight APPLY and press Enter VLAN Configuration The switch allows the assignment of an IP interface to each VLAN A VLAN must be configured before setting up its IP interface You can create either a port based or an IEEE 802 1Q VLAN By default all ports belong to an IEEE 802 1Q VLAN called default Although this VLAN cannot be deleted all member ports can be assigned to other VLANs To configure GVRP globally The global GVRP flag determines whether GVRP GARP VLAN Registration Protocol is enabled on the switch so that the switch can share VLAN information with other switches and VLANs can span multiple switches When this flag is disabled VLANs are confined to the physical connections of the switch By default this flag is disabled 1 From the Main Menu select VLAN Configurations and press Enter 2 Use the spacebar to toggle the Switch GVRP field to Enabled or Disabled 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter 71 Using the Telnet Console To create or modify a port based VLAN 1 From the Main Menu
33. panel click 802 1Q VLANs 3 Click New and configure these fields Field Description VLAN ID VID Specifies an identifier for the VLAN Enter a number from 2 4094 Using the Web Console Field Description VLAN Name Specifies the name of the VLAN for which ports are to be configured The name can be up to 32 characters Once created the name cannot be modified Membership Specifies the port s membership status Select the appropriate state by selecting a radial button for each port Options which aren t available are grayed out Untagged Designates the port as an untagged member of the VLAN When an untagged packet is transmitted by the port the packet header remains unchanged When a tagged packet exits the port the tag is stripped and the packet is changed to an untagged packet If the port is attached to a device that is not IEEE 802 1Q VLAN compliant VLAN tag unaware then the port should be set to U Untagged Tagged Designates the port as a tagged member of the VLAN When an untagged packet is transmitted by the port the packet header is changed to include the 32 bit tag associated with the PVID Port VLAN Identifier When a tagged packet with a different VID exits the port the packet header is unchanged If the port is attached to a device that is IEEE 802 1Q VLAN compliant VLAN tag aware then the port can be Set to Tagged Forbidden Designates the port as
34. port on the front panel uses Cisco cable kit Order Number ACS DSBUASYN This kit includes a DB25 terminal adapter a DB 9 terminal adapter and RJ 45 rollover cable A terminal such as a VT 100 or a computer running a terminal emulation program such as HyperTerminal which is automatically installed with Windows is connected to this cable The serial port is set at the factory for the following configuration Baud rate 9600 Data width 8 bits Parity None Stop bits 1 e Flow Control None Make sure the terminal or computer you are using to make this connection is configured to match these settings If you are having problems making this connection on a computer make sure the emulation is set to VT 100 If you still don t see anything press CTRL R to refresh the screen To log in to the switch the first time The usernames and passwords used to access the switch are case sensitive therefore S is not the ee o Same as S When you first connect to the switch you will be presented with a login screen 1 Use the Arrow keys or the Tab key to move to the Username field Leave the field blank and press Enter There is no initial username 2 Move to the Password field Leave the field blank and press Enter There is no initial password The Main Menu appears The first created user automatically gets administrator privileges One of your first configuration tasks should be to create at least one Admi
35. press Enter to make the change current 7 To modify an entry in the table toggle the Action field to Modify enter the changes highlight APPLY and press Enter 8 Use Save Changes on the Main Menu to enter the table into NV RAM DNS Relay 56 DNS relay enables the switch to act as a DNS cache or proxy and to forward DNS requests to the DNS server only when required Whether you enable DNS relay depends upon whether you want to Save a DNS server or a linking WAN extraneous or repetitive traffic Try to shorten the response time for a DNS request on a slow or long WAN Change or control the IP response for a series of DNS requests Control which servers are used for DNS When the switch receives packets destined for a DNS server and the requests are not statically defined in the switch or previously cached the switch forwards them to the servers as defined in the following configuration The switch also forwards packets from the DNS servers back to the appropriate subnets To configure DNS Relay services 1 From the Main Menu select Switch Utilities DNS Relay and press Enter Using the Telnet Console 2 Configure these fields Field Description DNS Relay State Enables or disables DNS relay on the switch Name Server 1 Specifies the IP address of the primary DNS server Name Server 2 Specifies the IP address of a secondary DNS server DNS Relay Cache Status Enables or disables the DNS cache
36. protocol has a corresponding configuration screen You access these screens from the Layer 3 IP Networking Setup screen 76 Using the Telnet Console IGMP Configuration The Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP allows the switch to forward multicast traffic intelligently on the switch The switch snoops the IGMP query and report messages and forwards traffic only to the ports that request the multicast traffic This prevents the switch from broadcasting the traffic to all ports and possibly affecting network performance IGMP requires a network device that learns about the presence of multicast groups on its subnets and that keeps track of group membership Multicasting is not connection oriented so data is delivered to the requesting hosts on a best effort level of service The switch has two configuration screens for IGMP The IGMP snooping screen allows you to configure the switch for snooping and querying The IGMP interface screen allows you to configure the switch to keep track of IGMP groups To configure IGMP snooping 1 From the Main Menu select Layer 3 IP Networking Setup IGMP Snooping Configurations and press Enter 2 Using the spacebar toggle the Action field to either Add Modify or Delete and configure these fields Field Description VLAN Name Specifies the name of the VLAN you want to configure Specifies whether this VLAN should respond to IGMP queries Three options are ava
37. setup You must configure the BOOTP DCHP relay agent so that it knows the servers IP addresses and subnet names IP interface names 1 In the left panel click Switch Utilities 2 In the top panel under Others click BOOTP DHCP Relay Interface Configurations 3 Click New and configure these fields Field Description Specifies the subnet name IP interface name of the network that the menace Name BOOTP or DHOP server is located on Specifies the IP address of the BOOTP or DHCP relay server Multiple Boot RHEE ver servers may be entered for a given subnet name IP interface name 4 Click Apply The server is added to the BOOTP DHCP Relay Setup list 5 To add another server repeat steps 2 and 3 Each IP interface can be configured for four servers 6 To remove a server select the server and click Delete DNS Relay DNS relay enables the switch to act as a DNS cache or proxy and to forward DNS requests to the DNS server only when required Whether you enable DNS relay depends upon whether you want to Ssave a DNS server or the linking WAN extraneous or repetitive traffic Try to shorten the response time for a DNS request on a slow or long WAN Change or control the IP response for a series of DNS requests Control which servers are used for DNS 95 Using the Web Console When the switch receives packets destined for a DNS server and the requests are not statically defined in the switch
38. sssssssssss 78 PIM DM Interface Configurations sssseeeeeenennmennn nnn 79 To configure PIM DM for an IP interface esesessssss 79 Static Router Port ton rat ati enia egi ie e eta 79 To configure a static router port 80 5 Using the Web Console 5 2 1 dee Corel de rte aaa donec anta aat denda do rere deeds 81 Before YOU Start stu Ses dated tacet 81 General Deployment Strategy sss eee 81 VEAN AayOUt oret gerere er e EE eet tete eet ie ete iren hb evite Lr ek nie 82 IP Addressing Scheme for VLANS ssssssesseeeeee enne 82 Static Route Assessment demare ae a enne nnn nennen 82 Getin Sanedrin CE 83 LOGGING Marigona ka a E E a EET A AR AE RAET 83 Configuration Options ssssssssssesesseseeeeeeenn nnne enne nnne nennt senes 84 User ACCOUNTS indere edite ede t et qx e etes 85 Admin and User Privileges sssseeeeeeeee 85 Saving Changes cete ntes vieta aret dance ener eese a rte a gen nere 86 To retain any configuration changes permanently 86 PROStAN DE 87 Factory Reset siu eet tueeeiiec Aviti bai tent ida nex E Races 87 To reset the switch to factory default values sesssssse 87 Basic SelliligS eite teneis ensem und tese tret iius cie ines ces EET Le erre irse PEE 87 Switch Information oerte E Pede ra t Ente 88 Basic SWitch Setup E oeil e E E eres
39. that support Etherchannel Etherchannel is only required for this first release In the second release the ports can be from any switch that is compliant with 802 1ad To configure a link aggregation group 1 In the left panel click Link Aggregation 2 Select a group to configure and click Edit 3 Configure these fields for the group Field Description Specifies the first port in the group This port s configuration speed full or Starting Port half duplex etc will be used by all of the ports in the group This port becomes the master port Specifies the number of ports in sequential order from the master port that Croup wie will be included in the group Status Enables or disables the group 4 Click Apply In addition to the configuration information the table displays which port has been assigned to be the anchor port The anchor port is responsible for the flooding of multicast frames and for sending control packets Layer 3 IP Networking This section describes how to configure IP interfaces RIP Multicast routing protocols Setting Up IP Interfaces Each IP interface on the switch corresponds to a VLAN A VLAN which does not have a corresponding IP interface defined for it will function as a Layer 2 only VLAN The switch allows ranges of IP addresses OSI Layer 3 to be assigned to VLANs OSI Layer 2 Each VLAN must be configured prior to setting up the corresponding I
40. that you manually enter into the switch s routing table Usually it is a port that has a router attached to it and the router has a connection to a WAN or to the Internet Static router ports should be used sparingly because when a network failure occurs they do not change However they can reduce network traffic by eliminating the need for a routing protocol on a local network For example a local network which has only one link to the network is an ideal candidate for a static route You can also use them to restrict the transmission path a datagram must follow based on the datagram s destination address You can add up to 32 static entries into the routing table Dynamic router ports are added by the switch The switch monitors each port for UDP multicast packets and IGMP multicast group membership reports When these packets are detected on a port that port is dynamically assigned as a router port MAC address priority is a Layer 2 Class of Service It allows certain frames based on their MAC address to receive special handling The frames can be prioritized based on where the MAC address appears The source only The destination only Both the source and destination Frames that match the criteria are given a priority tag The switch supports only four hardware priority levels per egress port so the eight levels are mapped to four as listed in the table below Priority in Frames Priority Queue of ASIC 0 1 0
41. the path cost path cost of master port the number of ports in the group STP treats all ports in a link aggregation group as a single port and will block the entire group if it is a redundant link Data transmitted to a specific host destination address will always be transmitted over the same port in the group This allows packets in a data stream to arrive in the same order they were sent The configuration of the lowest numbered port in the group becomes the configuration for all of the ports in the aggregation group This port is called the base port of the group and all configuration options including the VLAN configuration that can be applied to the base port are applied to the entire link aggregation group 30 VLANs Switch Management and Operating Concepts Load balancing is automatically applied to the links in the aggregation group and a link failure within the group causes the network traffic to be directed to the remaining links in the group Switches that use a load balancing scheme that sends the packets of a host to host data stream over multiple ports cannot have a trunk connection with the ZT8101 switch Enable the group prior to connecting any cable between the switches to avoid creating a data loop Disconnect all link aggregation cables or disable the ports before removing a link aggregation group to avoid creating a data loop VLANs allow you to group some physical ports as if they were on th
42. the same VLAN has the same VID as the ingress port the packet is forwarded and the destination port transmits it on its attached network segment fitis not a member of the same VLAN the packet is dropped This process is used to conserve bandwidth within the switch by dropping packets that are not on the same VLAN as the ingress port at the point of reception This eliminates the subsequent processing of packets that will just be dropped by the destination port Broadcast Storm Control and VLANs The ZT8101 switch has broadcast sensors and filters built into each port to control broadcast storms but VLANs can also be used to segment broadcast domains They do this by forwarding packets only to ports that are members of the same VLAN Other parts of the network are effectively shielded Thus the smaller the broadcast domain the smaller effect a broadcast storm will have Because VLANs are implemented at each switch port they can be quite effective in limiting the scope of broadcast storms 33 Switch Management and Operating Concepts Layer 3 Based VLANs Note Layer 3 based VLANS use network layer addresses subnet address for TCP IP to determine VLAN membership These VLANs are based on Layer 3 information but this does not constitute a routing function The ZT8101 allows an IP subnet to be configured for each 802 1Q VLAN that exists on the switch Even though a switch inspects a packet s IP address to determine VLAN me
43. the source port in a completely unobtrusive manner When mirroring port traffic remember the following conditions The target port should be operating at the same or higher speed than the source port If the target port is operating at a lower speed than the source port packets will be lost For optimum performance you should mirror three or fewer ports at any given time To configure a port for mirroring 1 In the left panel click Mirroring Configurations 2 Configure these fields Field Description Specifies the port where information will be duplicated and sent for capture Target Port and network analysis This is the port where a network analyzer would be attached to capture packets duplicated from the source port Specifies which port to be mirror and which packets to be mirror This port is the source of the packets Use one of the following values Rx Mirror incoming packet Mirrored Port Tx Mirror outgoing packets Both Mirror both incoming and outgoing packets None Do not mirror If the port is grayed out the port cannot be selected for mirroring 3 Click Apply 4 To remove an entry select the port and click None 111 Using the Web Console VLAN Configurations 112 The switch allows the assignment of an IP interface to each VLAN A VLAN must be configured before setting up its IP interface You can create either a port based or an IEEE 802 1Q VLAN By default a
44. this screen you won t have to enter the address To start the upload click Upload 93 Using the Web Console To test connectivity with ping 1 In the left panel select Switch Utilities 2 In the top panel under Others click Ping Test 3 Configure these fields Field Description Target IP Address Specifies the IP address of the network device to ping Number of Repetitions Specifies the number of test packets to send Three is the usual number Default timeout Specifies the number of seconds to wait between sending the packets 4 To start the test click Start A window appears to display the results of the test If you selected a large number of repetitions you can select to stop and then resume the test BOOTP DHCP Relay Agent 94 BOOTP DHCP relay agent enables end stations to use a BOOTP or DHCP server to obtain TCP IP configuration information or boot files to be loaded into memory even if the servers are not on the local IP interface These conditions determine whether you need to enable BOOTP DHCP relay Ifthe BOOTP or DCHP server and end station are on the same IP interface no relay agent is necessary If the servers and the end stations are on different IP interfaces a relay agent is necessary for the switch to forward the messages The relay agent forwards these packets between IP interfaces and therefore must know the IP addresses of the BOOTP and DHCP servers and their re
45. to populate the table The following information is displayed about each IP address Field Description Interface The name of the IP Interface corresponding to the IP address IP Address The IP address corresponding to the IP interface name Port The port the IP address is associated with Learned on switch discovered the IP interface The possible entries are Dynamic and 99 Using the Web Console To view the routing table 1 In the left panel click Network Monitoring 2 In the top panel under Tables click Routing Table 3 In the entry boxes enter the following information Field Description Destination Address IP address of a learned or statically entered destination Mask The subnet mask corresponding to the above destination IP address Gateway The default or next hop gateway to reach the destination To find all known routes enter 0 0 0 0 for all the addresses 4 Click Find The following information is displayed in the table Field Description IP Address The IP address corresponding to the subnet mask and gateway Netmask The subnet mask corresponding to the IP address Gateway The gateway used to reach the IP address Interface Name Displays the IP interface name the destination resides on Displays the number of hops routers between the switch and the Hops destination Protocol Displays the routing p
46. uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the instruction manual may cause harmful interference to radio communications Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user will be required to correct the interference at his own expense This device complies with Part 15 of the FCC Rules Operation is subject to the following two conditions 1 This device may not cause harmful interference and 2 this device must accept any interference received including interference that may cause undesired operation If you make any modification to the equipment not expressly approved by Intel you could void your authority to operate the equipment Industry Canada Canada Cet appareil num rique respecte les limites bruits radio lectriques applicables aux appareils num riques de Classe A prescrites dans la norme sur le mat riel brouilleur Appareils Num riques NMB 003 dict e par le Ministre Canadien des Communications This digital apparatus does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out in the interference causing equipment standard entitled Digital Apparatus ICES 003 of the Canadian Department of Communications Agency Approvals Product Safety Information Safety Precautions Review the following precautions to avoid injury and prevent damage to this product or products to
47. 2 3 1 4 5 2 6 7 3 After an Ethernet frame has been prioritized the switch forwards the Ethernet frame using the strict priority based scheduling algorithm With this policy any packets residing in a higher priority queue are always transmitted first Only when these queues are empty are packets in lower priority queues transmitted A filtering database is used to segment the network and control communication between segments It can also filter packets off the network for intrusion control Static filtering entries can be made by MAC or IP addresses Switch Management and Operating Concepts Each port on the switch is a unique collision domain and the switch filters discards packets whose destination lies on the same port as where it originated This keeps local packets from disrupting communications on other parts of the network The switch does some filtering automatically Dynamic filtering The switch automatic learns and ages MAC addresses and their location on the network Filtering occurs to keep local traffic confined to its segment Filtering done by the Spanning Tree Protocol STP filters packets based on topology ensuring that signal loops don t occur e Filtering done for VLAN integrity The switch filters packets from a member of a VLAN VLAN 2 for example destined for a device on another VLAN VLAN 3 You can also manually configure the switch to drop packets from specified MAC and IP addresses
48. BOOTP packet forwarding RIP v1 and v2 DVMRP PIM DM Low port latency Hot swappable board with LED indicator Ethernet Features Layer 2 Switching Functions e 10BASE T 100BASE TX and 1000BASE T port functions 22 10 100 Fast Ethernet ports to the mid plane connectors 2 10 100 Fast Ethernet ports RJ45 on the font panel 2 100 1000 Ethernet ports RJ45 on the front panel Auto negotiation function for speed 10 MB 100 MB 1000 MB duplex full half and flow control Back pressure flow control for half duplex mode IEEE 802 3x compliant flow control for full duplex mode Introduction Per device packet buffer 512 KB 8 8 Gbps switching fabric capacity Store and forward switching forwarding mode 8 KB Layer 2 MAC address Broadcast and multicast storm control Port mirroring Port aggregation IEEE 802 1D Spanning Tree Protocol IEEE 802 1Q tagged VLANs GVRP GARP VLAN Registration Protocol for automatic VLAN configuration IEEE 802 1p priority support with 4 priority queues IGMP Snooping with broadcast control Layer 3 Switching Functions Wire speed IP forwarding rate per system Hardware based Layer 3 IP switching 2 KB Layer 3 IP address entries RIP Routing Information Protocol v1 and v2 IP v4 IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol v2 PIM DM Protocol Independent Multicast Dense Mode DVMRP Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol v3 IP multi netting IP fragmentation Path MTU d
49. Highlight APPLY and press Enter 4 To delete a route toggle the Action field to Delete enter the route information in the fields highlight APPLY and press Enter To configure static ARP The ARP table maps an IP address to a device s MAC address 1 From the Main Menu select Forwarding Static ARP and press Enter 2 Toggle the Action field to Add Modify and configure these fields Field Description Int rface Narnie Specifies the IP interface of the IP address that you are adding to the static ARP table IP Address Specifies the IP address of the end node or station MAC Address Specifies the MAC address corresponding to the IP address 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter 4 To delete an entry toggle the Action field to Delete enter the entry s information in the fields highlight APPLY and press Enter IP Address Filtering You can manually configure the switch to drop packets from specified MAC and IP addresses For information about specifying MAC addresses to drop see the Forwarding Unicast MAC Address Setting screen To specify an IP address for filtering 1 From the Main Menu select Filtering IP Address Filtering and press Enter 2 Toggle the Action field to Add Modify 69 Using the Telnet Console 3 Configure these fields Field Description IP Address Specifies the IP address of the packets you want dropped Specifies the condition for filtering the packet
50. IGMP Snooping Disabled RIP Disabled PIM DM Enabled DYMRP Enabled protocol configuration Basic Switch Setup Configure the switch s IP address Serial Port Settings Configure the switch s serial port that is used for Telnet communication and terminal sessions Port Configurations Enable disable individual ports and set their speed and duplex state User Accounts Set up user accounts change their passwords and modify their access rights Network Management Set up SNMP traps and community strings ZT8101 Users Guide Using the Web Console Switch Utilities View the history log ping other devices and manage firmware and configuration files Network Monitoring View various statistics by port or protocol and to view various routing tables Factory Reset Restart the switch using the default factory configuration Save Changes Save the switch s current settings in non volatile RAM NV RAM so that they are not lost when the switch is rebooted Reboot Restart the switch Advanced Setup Spanning Tree Enable disable the Spanning Tree Protocol STP for the switch and on individual ports Forwarding Reduce traffic congestion on the network by configuring MAC address aging unicast packet forwarding storm control and static IP routes IP Address Filtering Configure filters to drop packets from specified IP addresses or
51. LAN 1 From the Main Menu select VLAN Configurations IEEE 802 1Q Port Settings and press Enter 2 Highlight the Configure Port field and enter the range of port numbers you want to configure To configure a single port enter that port number in both the to and from field 3 Configure these fields Field Description Ingress Checking Enables or disables ingress filter checking Ingress Filtering allows the port to compare the VID tag of an incoming packet with the PVID number assigned to the port If the two are different the port filters drops the packet Use the spacebar to toggle between On and Off GVRP Enables or disables GVRP Group VLAN Registration Protocol This allows the switch to share VLAN information with other switches so that a VLAN can span multiple switches 4 Highlight APPLY and press Enter 73 Using the Telnet Console Link Aggregation Link aggregation allows several ports to be grouped together so that they can act as a single port This is done to either increase the bandwidth of a network connection or to increase fault tolerance Link Aggregation is most commonly used to link a bandwidth intensive network device or devices such as a server or server farm to the backbone of a network You can configure up to six aggregation groups each using from two to eight ports between any two ZT8101 switches or other switches that support Etherchannel Etherchannel is on
52. LANI and Port 2 belongs to VLAN2 When you create a group with a starting point of Port 1 and a width of 2 Port 2 will be added to VLANI and removed from VLAN2 automatically If you delete or disable the group later the Port 2 will still be assigned to VLANI The switch also assigns the group a anchor port This port is in charge of sending control packets and also the flooding of multicast frames When a link change event occurs in the group the anchor port may be re elected The ZT8101 supports six link aggregation groups which may include from 2 8 switch ports each except for a gigabit link aggregation group which consists of the two gigabit Ethernet ports on the front panel Remember the following guidelines when creating a link aggregation group The ports used in a group must all be of the same media type 10 100 Mbps fiber or 100 1000 Mbps fiber The ports used for each group must all be on the same switch The ports in a group must be contiguous they must have sequential port numbers Ports can only be assigned to one link aggregation group None of the ports in a group can be configured as a mirror source port or a mirror target port All of the ports in a group must be treated as a whole when added to or deleted from a VLAN STP will use the port parameters of the base port in the calculation of port cost and in determining the state of the link aggregation group The following formula is used to calculate
53. MAC address belongs Type Specifies whether to forward the packets Static or to drop the packets BlackHole Port Specifies which port to use for forwarding the packets This option is not available if BlackHole is specified as the type 3 Click Apply 4 To remove an entry for the Entries list select the entry and click Delete To configure multicast MAC address forwarding The multicast MAC address settings configure the switch to forward multicast packets from a specific MAC address to a specified VLAN The port settings determine which ports can join the VLAN to forward the multicast packets 1 In the left panel click Forwarding 2 In the top panel under MAC Forwarding click Multicast MAC Address Settings 107 Using the Web Console 108 3 Click New and configure these fields Field Description MAC Address Specifies the MAC address of the source of the multicast packets VLAN Name Specifies which VLAN to forward the multicast packets to Specifies how the port can join the multicast group Engress Specifies that the port is a static member of the multicast group Forbidden Restricts the port from joining the multicast group None Specifies that the port has no restrictions and that it can join the multicast group dynamically State 4 Click Apply To configure storm control The storm control settings allow you to specify thresholds for broadc
54. Ns must be configured on the switch before they can be assigned IP subnets Also the static VLAN configuration is specified on a per port basis On the ZT8101 switch a VLAN can consist of end nodes just like a traditional Layer 2 switch But a VLAN can also consist of one or more Layer 2 switches each of which is connected to multiple end nodes or network resources For example a Layer 3 VLAN consisting of four ports could be connected to four switches If these switches each have 24 ports then the Layer 3 VLAN would contain 96 4 x 24 end nodes Assigning an IP subnet to the Layer 3 VLAN would allow wire speed IP routing from the WAN to each end node and between end nodes Therefore the IP subnets for a network must be determined first and the VLANs configured on the switch to accommodate the IP subnets Finally the IP subnets can be assigned to the VLANs IP Addressing Scheme for VLANs The ZT8101 switch allows the assignment of IP subnets to individual VLANs Any VLAN configured on the switch that is not assigned an IP subnet will behave as a Layer 2 VLAN and will not be capable of IP routing Developing an IP addressing scheme is a complex subject As you are developing your scheme remember that the switch requires a unique IP address for all the anticipated end nodes on each Layer 3 VLAN The switch treats a VLAN with an IP network address and subnet mask as an IP interface in an IP routing mode Static Route Assessment 42
55. P interface To set up IP interfaces on the switch 1 In the left panel click Layer 3 IP Networking 2 In the top panel under IP Interface Settings click IP Interface Settings 114 Using the Web Console 3 Click New and configure these fields Field Description Interface Name Specifies the name of the IP interface The default VLAN interface name is System IP Address Specifies the IP address of the IP interface sometimes referred to as a network address Subnet Mask Specifies the subnet mask for the IP address VLAN Name Specifies the VLAN that is assigned to this IP interface This VLAN must already exist The IP interface gets its port membership from the VLAN Active Enables or disables the IP interface Port Member Specifies the ports which are to be members of this IP interface 4 Click Apply 5 To delete an IP interface highlight the interface and click Delete If you modify an existing IP interface and apply the changes the RIP and IP multicast interface configurations are reset to default values RIP Configuration The Routing Information Protocol RIP is a distance vector protocol that uses the hop count as its criteria for making routing decisions RIP is an Interior Gateway Protocol IGP which means that it performs routing within a single autonomous system To globally enable or disable RIP 1 In the left panel click Layer 3 IP Netwo
56. P parameters for the switch level Parameter Description Default Value Bridge Identifier Specifies the combination of the user set priority and the switch s MAC address The bridge identifier consists of two parts a 16 bit priority and a 48 bit Ethernet MAC address The only portion that a user can configure is the priority 32768 MAC address Priority Specifies the relative priority for each switch Lower numbers specify a higher priority and a greater chance of a given switch being elected as the root bridge 32768 Hello Time Specifies the length of time between broadcasts of the hello message by the switch It can be set from 1 10 seconds This interval is not used until the switch becomes if ever the root bridge The Hello Time parameter cannot be longer than the Max Age parameter 2 seconds Max Age Measures the age of a received BPDU for a port and ensures that the BPDU is discarded when its age exceeds the value of the Max Age parameter It can be set from 6 40 seconds 20 seconds Forward Delay Specifies the time a port can remaining in the listening state while moving from the blocking state to the forwarding state It can be set from 4 30 seconds 15 seconds Use the following formulas when setting these parameters Max Age 2 x Forward Delay 1second Mag Age 2 x Hello Time 1 second STP Parameters for the Port Level The
57. Parameters for the Port Level 29 Bin SP te e erueI E EEEES 30 VEANS eoi itle Gt ee Re eam tb Ert tu dh oai ite alate od tma 31 Static Port Based VLANS sssssssssssseseeeeee rennen nennen nennen renis 31 Static IEEE 80241 Q VLANS v 4rd T ade eet eee a 32 GV RP ie ou ntt ticae Ee qe Ies n Gite ete neri ante 32 Ingress CHECKING uid icr reine e reete e y LE cr tea 33 Broadcast Storm Control and VLANS sssssssssseeeeneeneenne 33 Layer 3 Based VLEANS aot ri e te rhe Rete teg 34 M lti Nettirigz 2t inn te a rp tel ea ena ive e Ru RATE eeRR E 34 IP Interfaces ent tee eee ttt ee b rre oe eet ere HEU e bet Ele 34 System IP Interface sssssssssssssesesesesee ener ennt 34 Additional IP Interfaces reien i AEn E EANA E A 35 IP Addressing Scheme sse 35 MultiCastlrig etae oec Eee e exei mete Ev ee peo nete ic tUe e tee M etse e 36 Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP sssseeeeee 36 IGMP QUETO S tei tret ee breed eint da 37 IGMP Snoopingsves s tantus teet Nader teret d Mr 37 IGMP Group Settings ist Eee etn Eee reote t tae ue po gd 38 Routing Protocols s o cia dre tette d ERE RC EGER INR TI ETUR ORARE UU 38 BIET DEREN 38 Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol DVMRP eeeeeese 38 Protocol Independent Multicast Dense Mode PIM DM esesee 39 4 Using the T
58. SlAUUS 5L uisa trece Melon oni Lotes tesemh cod Inet cleaners 61 To view GVRP status enne nsn 61 To view the router ports ssessseenne ener 61 To view the IGMP snooping status ssssseeenm 62 To view the IP multicast forwarding table eesssssss 62 To view the IGMP group table sess 62 To view the DVMRP routing table seee 63 To view the switch s history log seemm 63 Advanced Setup iei et m GI ie Meade dn ie itp dit a tiet eric 64 SPANNING Tree xit oet ee tto rete etn e eR RERO c ELI dr agate 64 To configure global STP switch settings 64 To define the port members of an STP group ssssssessss 65 Forwarding isset tone tee RR 66 To configure MAC address aging sse 66 To configure unicast MAC address forwarding sssse 67 To configure multicast MAC address forwarding ssse 67 To configure storm control ssssssseeeee eene 68 To configure advanced traffic control esesese 68 To configure static IP routes sesseeenn ene 69 To configure static ARP sssssssessseeeenee eene nens 69 IF Address Filtering 11 eie cane tie tet eene c ainda d 69 To specify an IP address for filtering 69 MAG Address Priority ucc ir ee cn d n vec ego ai
59. Switch configuration settings that are saved with APPLY are only active until the switch is rebooted Settings that are saved to non volatile RAM with the Save Changes option from the Main Menu are retained Before You Start The ZT8101 switch supports a wide array of functions and provides great flexibility and increased network performance by eliminating the routing bottleneck between networks the WAN the Internet and the intranet This new generation switch performs routing functions in hardware rather than software To take full advantage of this flexibility and rich feature set you need to carefully plan a deployment strategy that will maximize the potential of the ZT8101 switch This plan should include a General Deployment Strategy VLAN Layout P Addressing Scheme for VLANs Static Route Assessment General Deployment Strategy Determine how to segment the network This involves creating VLANs in an existing Layer 2 switched network Develop an IP addressing scheme This involves allocating a block of IP addresses to each network segment Each network subnet is then assigned a network address and a subnet mask Determine which network resources must be shared by the subnets and how they will be shared You can connect shared resources directly to the Layer 3 switch if need be Or you can set up static routes to make the shared resources accessible Determine how each subnet will communicate with the
60. The complexity of the VLAN configuration is hidden The switch applies the following rules when it creates the VLAN Tagged frames are discarded With port based VLANs frames are assumed to be untagged so that the VLAN members do not receive frames coming from another VLAN VLAN ID is assigned using an internal algorithm The switch allocates the largest free VLAN ID that is smaller than 4095 for example 4094 4093 4092 The member port s PVID is assigned as the VLAN ID A port can only belong to one port based VLAN Static IEEE 802 1Q VLANs 32 IEEE 802 1Q VLANS have the following characteristics e Use filtering to assign packets to VLANs Assume the presence of a single global spanning tree Usean explicit tagging scheme with one level tagging A static IEEE 802 1Q VLAN is more complex than a port based VLAN but it is also more flexible You can configure ports to be tagged untagged or forbidden Tagged Member Port Ports with tagging enabled put the VID number priority and other VLAN information into the header of all packets that flow into and out of it If a packet has previously been tagged the port will not alter the packet thus keeping the VLAN information intact The VLAN information in the tag can then be used by other 802 1Q compliant devices on the network to make packet forwarding decisions The tagging feature allows VLANs to span multiple 802 1Q compliant switches through a single physical connec
61. The device with the lowest bridge identifier becomes the root bridge see the Priority field Max Age must be set within the following range The minimum value is the higher of 6 or 2 x Hello Time 1 The maximum value is the lower of 40 or 2 x Forward Delay 1 Hello Time Specifies the time interval in seconds between two configuration messages The root bridge sends these messages at this interval to inform all other devices that it is the root bridge This time will be used if and when your switch becomes the root bridge It can be set from 1 10 seconds The Hello Time cannot be longer than the Max Age otherwise a configuration error occurs Forward Delay Specifies the maximum time in seconds the root device will wait before changing states for example from listening to blocking from blocking to forwarding This delay is required because every device must receive information about topology changes before it starts to forward packets In addition each port needs time to listen for conflicting information that would make it return to a blocking state otherwise temporary data loops might result Maximum value is 30 Minimum value is the higher of 4 or Max Age 2 1 Priority 32768 Priority is used in selecting the root bridge root port and designated port The device with the highest priority becomes the STP root bridge The lower the numeric value the higher the pr
62. The port the IP address is associated with Learned The method the switch used to discover the IP address either Dynamic or Static 60 To view the routing table 1 From the Main Menu select Network Monitoring Routing Table and press Enter 2 To find a particular IP address enter the following in the appropriate fields the IP address the subnet mask and the gateway Highlight FIND and press Enter The following information is displayed in the table Column Description IP Address The IP address corresponding to the subnet mask and gateway Subnet Mask The subnet mask corresponding to the IP address Gateway The gateway used to reach the IP address Interface Name The IP interface name corresponding to the IP address Hops The number of hops routers between the switch and the IP address Protocol The routing protocol used to link the switch to the IP address Using the Telnet Console To view the ARP table 1 From the Main Menu select Network Monitoring ARP Table and press Enter 2 Enter the IP interface name and the IP address highlight FIND and press Enter The following information is displayed in the table Column Description Interface The IP interface name corresponding to the IP address IP Address The IP address that corresponds to the MAC address MAC Address The MAC address that corresponds to the IP address Type The meth
63. Thus when you enable IGMP globally it is enabled on all VLANs 37 Switch Management and Operating Concepts You can configure the switch to snoop and to keep track of IGMP groups These two interact in the following ways Ifthe IP interface has IGMP Snooping configured for the associated VLAN the configuration of IGMP Snooping will be overwritten by the IGMP group settings On such VLANs the per VLAN flag is the only available configurable option on the IGMP Snooping screen Ifthe IGMP group settings are disabled on the interface IGMP Snooping on the VLAN becomes configurable and the switch uses these settings for the VLAN Note The switch supports a maximum of 255 VLANs and a maximum of 128 IGMP Snooping groups If you create more than 128 VLANs with IGMP Snooping enabled some of those VLANs will not be added to the IGMP Snooping table and the group s data will be flooded in the VLAN IGMP Group Settings An IP host uses IGMP to register its IP multicast group membership with the switch Periodically the switch queries the multicast group to see if the group is still in use and takes one of the following actions If the group is still active a single IP host responds to the query and the group registration is maintained If the group is inactive and a report is not received within the time limit for a response the group registration is removed Routing Protocols This section presents an overview of routing prot
64. To delete a user toggle the Action field to Delete enter the username highlight APPLY and press Enter You must enter an account s password to delete it To modify a user s password or privileges toggle the Action field to Update enter the username the old password and then modify the New Password and or the Access Level fields Highlight APPLY and press Enter Using the Telnet Console Note Remeber that APPLY makes changes to the switch configuration for the current session only AII changes including user additions or updates must be entered into non volatile RAM using the Save Changes command on the Main Menu if you want these changes to be permanent Admin User and Normal User Privileges The switch uses two levels of user privileges Admin and User Some menu selections available to users with Admin privileges may not be available to those with User privileges The table summarizes the Admin and User privileges Admin User Switch Configuration Management Configuration Yes Read Only Network Monitoring Yes Read Only SNMP Community Strings and Trap Stations Yes Read Only Update Firmware and Configuration Files Yes No Ping Read Only access Switch Utilities Yes to BOOTP DHCP Relay and DNS Relay Factory Reset Yes No Reboot Switch Yes No Advanced Setup Yes Read Only User Account Management Add Update Delete User Accounts Yes No View User Accounts Yes No T
65. You need to define static routes for the following types of subnets Subnets not accessible through the default route Subnets that the switch does not already know about internally Subnets not learned through the dynamic routing protocols You determine how these packets are routed by entering static routes into the switch s static default routing table Using the Telnet Console Getting Started This section describes the conventions function keys and entry fields and explains how to log in to the switch for the first time Console Usage Conventions You can use the following function keys with the Telnet Console Key Action Arrows Moves the cursor around the screen Tab Moves the cursor to the next menu or field Backspace Moves the cursor to the previous menu or field Esc Returns to the previous screen CTRL T Returns to the Main Menu CTRL R Refreshes the current screen CTRL A Applies the settings This is the same as highlighting APPLY and pressing Enter CTRL P Displays the previous page of information CTRL N Displays the next page of information Spacebar Shows the next available option in a selection box You use the following fields to enter or select items Field Description Entry Allows you to input a string or integer value Allows you to use the spacebar to toggle though a list Toggle of options Allows the user to highlight it and press Enter to BUTTON
66. ZT8101 Switch User s Manual December 2001 Information in this document is provided in connection with Intel products No license express or implied by estoppel or otherwise to any intellectual property rights is granted by this document Except as provided in Intel s Terms and Conditions of Sale for such products Intel assumes no liability whatsoever and Intel disclaims any express or implied warranty relating to sale and or use of Intel products including liability or warranties relating to fitness for a particular purpose merchantability or infringement of any patent copyright or other intellectual property right Intel products are not intended for use in medical life saving or life sustaining applications Intel may make changes to specifications and product descriptions at any time without notice Designers must not rely on the absence or characteristics of any features or instructions marked reserved or undefined Intel reserves these for future definition and shall have no responsibility whatsoever for conflicts or incompatibilities arising from future changes to them The ZT8101 may contain design defects or errors known as errata that may cause the product to deviate from published specifications Current characterized errata are available on request MPEG is an international standard for video compression decompression promoted by ISO Implementations of MPEG CODECs or MPEG enabled platforms may require l
67. adcast packets are sent to all devices on a subnetwork Unicast packets are sent from a single network device to another single network device Multicast packets are sent to a group of network devices The following table lists some of the permanently assigned multicast addresses Address Description 224 0 0 0 Base Address reserved 224 0 0 1 All Systems on this subnet 224 0 0 2 All Routers on this subnet 224 0 0 3 Unassigned 224 0 0 4 DVMRP Routers 224 0 0 5 OSPF IGP Routers 224 0 0 6 OSPF IGP Designated Routers 224 0 0 7 ST Routers 224 0 0 8 ST Hosts 224 0 0 9 All RIP2 Routers 224 0 0 10 All IGRP Routers 224 0 0 11 Mobile Agents 224 0 0 12 DHCP Servers and Relay Agents 224 0 0 13 All PIM Routers 224 0 0 14 RSVP Encapsulation 224 0 0 15 All CBT Routers 224 0 0 16 Designated Sbm 224 0 0 17 All Soms 224 0 0 18 VRRP NU through 224 0 0 225 except Unassigned 224 0 0 21 DVMRP on MOSPF Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP Multicasting relies on the concept of nodes joining and leaving multicast groups Nodes use IGMP to join and then leave a multicast group Based on the IGMP reports the switch receives from the nodes it can decide whether to forward a multicast packet on a particular interface 36 Switch Management and Operating Concepts The ZT8101 switch supports both IGMPv1 and IGMPv2 You can select which version to use on a particular VLAN
68. address and subnet mask as an IP interface in an IP routing mode Static Route Assessment You need to define static routes for the following types of subnets Subnets not accessible through the default route Subnets that the switch does not already know about internally Subnets not learned through the dynamic routing protocols 82 Using the Web Console You determine how these packets are routed by entering static routes into the switch s static default routing table Getting Started Note The first step required to use the Web Console for the first time is to secure a browser such as Netscape Navigator or Microsoft Internet Explorer The second step is to configure the IP address of the switch This must be done manually through the serial port See chapter 2 for instructions If you are using the Web Console on an isolated network without a DHCP server ensure that your workstation s subnet mask matches the subnet mask you assigned to the switch Logging In 1 To begin managing your switch simply start the browser you have installed on your computer 2 Enter the IP address you have defined for the switch The URL in the address bar should read something like http 123 123 123 123 where the numbers 123 represent the IP address of the switch The Factory default IP address for the switch is 10 90 90 90 3 In the page that opens enter the name and password of an Admin user if an account has been created or cl
69. age the switch This VLAN must already exist 3 To configure a name and contact information for the switch enter information in the following fields Parameter Description Specifies the name assigned to the switch If you are installing multiple Name switches you should give each a unique name Location Specifies the physical location of the switch Contact Specifies the name of the person responsible for the switch 4 Highlight APPLY and press Enter 5 Press Escape to return to the Main Menu 6 To save your changes to NV RAM highlight Save Changes and press Enter To continue configuring the switch see chapter 4 for information on this interface See chapter 5 for information about using the Web Console Upgrading Firmware through Zmodem Note Generally TFTP is the first choice to use to upgrade firmware The Telnet Console and the Web Console both have options for upgrading the firmware using a TFTP server see chapters 4 and 5 However you can also use Zmodem to upgrade the firmware from the serial port If FLASH becomes corrupted because you lose power when upgrading the firmware you must use Zmodem to fix the problem To upgrade the firmware using Zmodem 1 Obtain the runtime firmware 2 Using Windows HyperTerminal log in to the switch through the serial port 3 From the Main Menu select Reboot and press Enter 19 Installation and Initial Setup 20 Whe
70. al Late Coll Late Collisions The number of times that a collision is detected later than 512 bit times into the transmission of a packet Ex Coll Excessive Collisions The number of frames for which transmission failed due to excessive collisions Single Coll Single Collision Frames The number of successfully transmitted frames for 9 which transmission is inhibited by more than one collision Coll Total Collisions An estimate of the total number of collisions on this network segment To view an analysis of packet sizes and types In the left panel click Network Monitoring In the top panel under Statistics click Port Packet Analysis In the Interval field select the interval for updating the statistics 1 2 3 In the Port field select the port to view 4 5 To clear the statistics and gather new click Clear The tables contain the following information Field Description The size in octets bytes of frames transmitted Frame Size through the switch Frame Type The type of frame being transmitted Frame Counts The total number of frames transmitted through the Switch of the corresponding size indicated The number of frames per second transmitted Frames sec through the switch of the corresponding size indicated Packet Type Either received Rx or transmitted Tx packets Total The total number of bytes or frames transmitted or received Total sec The to
71. and report messages and forwards traffic only to the ports that request the multicast traffic This prevents the switch from broadcasting the traffic to all ports and possibly affecting network performance IGMP requires a network device that learns about the presence of multicast groups on its subnets and keeps track of group membership Multicasting is not connection oriented so data is delivered to the requesting hosts on a best effort level of service The switch has two configuration screens for IGMP The IGMP snooping screen allows you to configure the switch for snooping and querying The IGMP interface screen allows you to configure the switch to keep track of IGMP groups To configure IGMP snooping 1 In the left panel click Layer 3 IP Networking 2 In the top panel under IP Multicast Routing Protocols click IGMP Snooping Configurations 3 Select a VLAN and click Edit 4 Configure these fields Field Description Specifies whether this VLAN should respond to IGMP queries Three options are available No Prevents this VLAN from becoming a querier V1 Enables the sending of IGMP query packets when needed V2 Enables the sending of IGMP query and leave packets according to the IGMP V2 specification Querier State Specifies the time that can elapse between general IGMP queries Enter a Query Interval value between 1 65535 seconds The default is 125 Specifies the permitted packet l
72. are two levels of user privileges Admin and User Some menu selections available to users with Admin privileges may not be available to those with User privileges 85 Using the Web Console The table summarizes the Admin and User privileges Admin User Switch Configuration Management Configuration Yes Read Only Network Monitoring Yes Read Only SNMP Community Strings and Trap Stations Yes Read Only Update Firmware and Configuration Files Yes No Ping Read Only access Switch Utilities Yes to BOOTP DHCP Relay and DNS Relay Factory Reset Yes No Reboot Switch Yes No Advanced Setup Yes Read Only User Account Management Add Update Delete User Accounts Yes No View User Accounts Yes No After establishing a User Account with Admin level privileges highlight Save Changes and press Enter The switch will save any changes to its non volatile RAM You can now log in as that user and continue configuring the switch Saving Changes 86 The ZT8101 has two levels of memory normal RAM and non volatile or NV RAM Configuration changes are made effective when you click the Apply button When you do this the settings are immediately applied to the switching software in RAM and immediately take effect Some settings though require you to restart the switch before they will take effect Restarting the switch erases all settings in RAM and reloads the stored settings from the NV RAM Thus
73. ast or multicast traffic that will activate storm control When the threshold is exceeded the switch drops the broadcast or multicast traffic When the traffic level drops below the threshold the switch resumes forwarding the traffic again 1 In the left panel click Forwarding 2 In the top panel under MAC Forwarding click Broadcast Multicast Storm Control 3 Configure these following fields for each port group Field Description Specifies in thousands the number of broadcast or multicast packets per Upper Threshold Kpps second a port can receive before triggering a storm control response Broadcast Storm Mode Enables or disables storm control for broadcast packets Multicast Storm Mode Enables or disables storm control for multicast packets 4 Click Apply To configure advanced traffic control Advance traffic control sets the threshold for the amount of traffic a port can handle before triggering flow control You must enable flow control on the ports before you can set a flow control threshold 1 In the left panel click Forwarding In the top panel under MAC Forwarding click Advance Traffic Control Select the port you want to configure and click Edit In the Flow Control Threshold field enter a value from 2 57344 DA dx AS If you want this setting to apply to more than the selected port select a group of ports in the Configure Port from field 6 Click Apply Using the Web C
74. ations Set up and administer VLANs on the switch Link Aggregation Combine ports on the switch to increase bandwidth Layer 3 IP Networking Setup Configure IP interfaces RIP and multicast routing protocols e Save Changes Save the switch s current settings in non volatile RAM NV RAM so that they are not lost when the switch is rebooted Logout Returns you to the login screen and closes your account Reboot Select which configuration file is used when the switch restarts Creating User Accounts 46 Access to the console is controlled via user accounts You can create up to six accounts one of which must be an Admin level account The other five accounts can be any combination of Admin level and User level accounts To create a new user account 1 2 3 From the Main Menu select User Accounts and press Enter Use the spacebar to toggle the Action field to Add Enter the new username assign an initial password and then confirm the new password Determine whether the new user should have Admin or User privileges Use the spacebar to toggle between these options The next section describes the differences between these levels The first user you create must be assigned Admin privileges Highlight APPLY and press Enter to make the user addition effective A listing of all user accounts and access levels is shown below the user setup menu This list is updated when Apply is executed
75. bnet mask assigned to the switch and to the pubnet Mask 299 0 0 0 other devices on this segment of the network Specifies the IP address of the device that routes to different networks A gateway must be defined if the workstation you are going to use for switch management is located on a different IP segment than the switch Default Gateway 0 0 0 0 Specifies the name of the VLAN that the switch resides in VEAN Name default This VLAN must already exist 3 To configure a name and contact information for the switch enter information in these fields Parameter Description N Specifies the name assigned to the switch If you are installing multiple ame Switches you should give each a unique name Location Specifies the physical location of the switch Contact Specifies the name of the person responsible for the switch 4 Click Apply Get IP From Description The switch uses the Get IP From setting to determine where to get its IP address You must use the Manual option if you want to configure multiple IP interfaces The manual option is also more convenient if you are going to manage the switch with Telnet Console or Web Console Both of these consoles require you to know the IP address and although BOOTP DHCP usually assign the same IP address when a device reboots there is no guarantee BOOTP The switch sends out a BOOTP broadcast request when it is powered up The BOOTP prot
76. ch Information Display information about the switch s hardware and firmware Basic Switch Setup Configure the switch s IP address Serial Port Settings Configure the switch s serial port that is used for Telnet communication and terminal sessions Port Configurations Enable disable individual ports and set their speed and duplex state User Accounts Set up user accounts change their passwords and modify their access rights Network Management Set up SNMP traps and community strings Switch Utilities View the history log ping other devices and manage firmware and configuration files Network Monitoring View various statistics by port or protocol and to view various routing tables Advanced Setup Spanning Tree Enable disable the Spanning Tree Protocol STP for the switch and on individual ports Forwarding Reduce traffic congestion on the network by configuring MAC address aging unicast packet forwarding storm control and static IP routes 45 Using the Telnet Console IP Address Filtering Configure filters to drop packets from specified IP addresses or MAC addresses MAC Address Priority Configure specified MAC addresses for priority handling on source address destination address or both Mirroring Configurations Configure a source port to send a copy of its data to a target port for monitoring and troubleshooting VLAN Configur
77. cking An ingress port is a port on a switch where packets are flowing into the switch and VLAN forwarding decisions must be made Packets are forwarded according to the following rules Ifingress checking is disabled on a port the switch forwards all incoming tagged frames even when the receiving port is not a member of the destination VLAN of the frame Ifingress checking is enabled on a port the switch examines the VLAN information in the packet header if present and decides whether to forward the packet When ingress checking is enabled the switch uses different rules based on whether the incoming packet is tagged If the packet is tagged with VLAN information the ingress port uses the following rules to determine whether to forward the packet It determines if the ingress port itself is a member of the tagged VLAN If it is not the packet is dropped Ifthe ingress port is a member of the 802 1Q VLAN the switch determines if the destination port is a member of the 802 1Q VLAN If it is not the packet is dropped e If the destination port is a member of the 802 1Q VLAN the packet is forwarded and the destination port transmits it to its attached network segment If the packet is not tagged with VLAN information the ingress port tags the packet with its own PVID as a VID if the port is a tagging port It then uses the following rules to determine whether to forward the packet Ifthe destination port is a member of
78. collision and then transmits a jam sequence to ensure all stations are notified of the collision This causes the sending ports to trigger their back off routines and reduces the amount of traffic on the port The port type and duplex mode determine which type of flow control is used The following table lists the port types and their flow control methods Port Type Duplex Mode Flow Control Fast Ethernet 10 100 Half Back pressure Fast Ethernet 10 100 Full 802 3x compliant Gigabit Ethernet Full 802 3x Port Security and MAC Address Learning For security purposes you can disable MAC address learning on one or more ports When MAC address learning is disabled a port cannot discover MAC addresses The port receives only broadcast traffic and packets with destination MAC addresses that match the port s MAC address The default value for each port is learning enabled The switch has an embedded Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP agent which is compliant with SNMPv1 This agent monitors the status of the board s hardware and the traffic passing through its ports A computer attached to the network called a management station can access this information The switch uses the following features to control access to its information Community strings You can configure up to four community strings so that only authorized management stations can access the agent You can set each string to grant either read o
79. creen is only for globally enabling or disabling the multicast routing protocols on the switch Each VLAN or IP Interface uses these global values unless you configured it to use specialized settings The protocol must be enabled globally before you can enable it on a specific VLAN or IP interface RIP is globally set up with the RIP Configuration option To configure globally the multicast protocols 1 In the left panel click Layer 3 IP Networking 2 In the top panel under IP Multicast Routing Protocols click Multicast Global Configurations 3 Configure these fields Field Description Switch IGMP Snooping Enables or disables globally Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP snooping This protocol allows the switch to forward multicast traffic intelligently on the switch DVMRP Enables or disables globally the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol DVMRP Unknown Neighbors DVMRP Include Report From Enables or disables receiving DVMRP reports from unknown neighbors PIM DM Enables or disables globally the Protocol Independent Multicasting Dense Mode PIM DM multicasting protocol 4 Click Apply Each protocol has a corresponding configuration form 116 Using the Web Console IGMP Configurations The Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP allows the switch to forward multicast traffic intelligently on the switch The switch snoops the IRMP query
80. d IGMP packets to be forwarded to a designated port regardless of VLAN configuration A router port functions within Layer 2 of the OSI model A static router port is a port that has a router attached to it Generally this router would have a connection to a WAN or to the Internet Establishing a router port will allow multicast packets coming from the router to be propagated through the network It also allows multicast messages coming from the network to be propagated to the router 79 Using the Telnet Console 80 The purpose of a router port is to enable UDP multicast packets and IGMP multicast group membership messages to reach multiple ports of a multi port router Routers do not implement IGMP snooping or transmit forward IGMP report packets Thus forwarding all IP UDP multicast packets to a static router port on the ZT8101 switch guarantees that all ports of a multi port router which are attached to the switch can reach all multicast group members through the attached router s other ports A router port interacts with multicast packets in these ways AIL IGMP report packets will be forwarded to the router port IGMP queries from the router port will be flooded to all ports All UDP multicast packets will be forwarded to the router port Because routers do not send IGMP reports or implement IGMP snooping a multi port router connected to the router port of the Layer 3 switch would not be able to receive UDP data streams from
81. displays these statistics Column Description Port Identifies the port TX sec Displays the number of packets transmitted per second RX sec Displays the number of packets received per second 9cUtil Displays the calculated percentage of the bandwidth being used by the device attached to the port To view port error statistics 1 From the Main Menu select Network Monitoring Port Error Packets and press Enter 2 In the Port field enter the port number to view 3 Toggle the Interval field to suspend or a value from 2 seconds to 1 minute This field sets the interval at which the error statistics are updated 4 To clear the statistics and gather new highlight CLEAR COUNTERS and press Enter The screen displays these statistics Field Description Rx Frames Received packets CRC Error Alignment For 10 Mbps ports the counter records CRC errors Frame Check Sequence FCS and alignment errors For 100 Mbps ports the counter records the sum of CRC errors and code errors frames received with rxerror signal Undersize Small The total number of frames received that were shorter than 64 octets long excluding framing bits but including FCS octets and were otherwise well formed Oversize Long The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518 octets excluding framing bits but including FCS octets and were otherwise well formed Fragment Small with
82. do not allow anything to touch processor heatsinks Caution Do Not Operate Without Covers To avoid electric shock or fire hazard do not operate this product with any removed enclosure covers or panels Caution Do Not Operate in an Explosive Atmosphere To avoid injury fire hazard or explosion do not operate this product in an explosive atmosphere Caution If Your System Has Multiple Power Supply Sources Disconnect all external power connections before servicing Warning Power Supplies Must Be Replaced by Qualified Service Personnel Only E gt p EE Ep Caution Lithium batteries are not field replacable units There is a danger of explosion if a battery is incorrectly replaced or handled Do not disassemble or recharge the battery Do not dispose of the battery in fire When the battery is replaced the same type or an equivalent type recommended by the manufacturer must be used Used batteries must be disposed of according to the manufacturer s instructions Return the unit to Intel for battery service 123 Agency Approvals Product Safety Information AC and or DC Power Safety Warning AC and or DC Powered Units The AC and or DC Power cord is your unit s main AC and or DC disconnecting device and must be easily accessible at all times Auxiliary AC and or DC On Off switches and or circuit breaker switches are for power control functions only NOT THE MAIN DISCONNECT For your safety use only a power c
83. dress should be a unique address on the network assigned to the switch by the network administrator Subnet Mask This is a bitmask that determines the extent of the subnet that the switch is on The value should be 255 0 0 0 for a Class A network 255 255 0 0 for a Class B network and 255 255 255 0 for a Class C network but custom subnet masks are allowed Default Gateway This IP address determines where packets with a destination address outside the current subnet are sent This is usually the address of a router or a host acting as an IP gateway If your network is not part of an intranet or you do not want the switch to be accessible outside your local network you can leave this field unchanged Using the Telnet Console Network Management Setup You use the Network Management Setup screens to display and modify parameters for the Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP The switch includes an on board SNMP agent that monitors the status of its hardware as well as the traffic passing through its ports A computer attached to the network called a Network Management Station NMS can be used to access this information Access rights to the on board agent are controlled by community strings To communicate with the switch the NMS must first submit a valid community string for authentication To configure SNMP You can configure up to four community strings 1 From the Main Menu select Network Management SNMP Configu
84. dth networks and it can be considered as a best effort multicasting protocol To configure DVMRP for an IP interface 1 From the Main Menu select Layer 3 IP Networking Setup DVMRP Interface Configurations and press Enter 2 Configure these fields Field Description Specifies the name of the interface to configure This must be a previously Interface Name defined IP interface Specifies the maximum interval the switch will wait to hear from a neighbor Neighbor Timeout Interval If this interval expires the switch assumes that this neighbor is down Enter a value from 1 65535 The default is 35 Specifies the interval between probes A probe is a query to other routers to Probe Interval determine if a multicast group is present on a given router subnetwork Enter a value from 1 65535 seconds The default is 10 78 Using the Telnet Console Field Description Specifies the cost for this path The higher the assigned cost the less likely Metric itis that multicast packets will be routed over this interface provided that other path options exist Enter a value between 1 31 The default is 1 State Enables or disables DVMRP for this interface 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter PIM DM Interface Configurations The Protocol Independent Multicast Dense Mode PIM DM protocol should be used in networks with a low delay low latency and high bandwidth because
85. e board should be in a safe state to be removed or data may be lost Signal the system that a board is about to be removed by partially unlatching the ejectors on the board to be removed Do not fully open the ejectors as this levers the board out of the enclosure and prematurely breaks its backplane connection Wait for the blue hot swap LED on the board s faceplate to light this indicates that board processes have finished and the board is safe to extract If the hot swap LED fails to light after 30 seconds re latch the ejectors and unlatch them again In this case the board is safe to extract though the hot swap LED may not light Once the hot swap LED lights open the injector ejector mechanisms fully rotating the handles outward until the board disengages from the backplane refer to Injector Ejector Operations on page 13 Slide the board evenly out of the enclosure Install a replacement board or cover the empty slot with a filler panel to maintain the enclosure s shielding and cooling performance Installation and Initial Setup Identifying External Components This chapter describes the front panel and the LED indicators of the ZT 8101switch The front panel consists of LED indicators a management serial port a toggle button two 10 100 Ethernet ports and two 100 1000 Ethernet ports il gt lt fefe 1002 30 O4 50 Oe 70 Q8 9Q O10 10 012 1300 14 15O 16 170 O18 12O 20
86. e da o Lee Lice dein doe 9 Layer 2 Switching Functions ssssssssssseeeeeneneenne 9 Layer 3 Switching Functions ssssssssseeeeeeeenneenns 10 Additional Eeatutes 2 6 iere dite outre ueisereprie 10 Front Panel Feat res uere eee ee eene de 10 Management Functions essen ene 11 UE chi RR ERN 11 Product Information and Sales Support sse 11 2 Installation and Initial Setup ssssssssssssssesseseneeeee nennen nnne nnne nns 13 Installing the Board i ue hee 13 P OWOEOnz a3 aee e OR RO be IR e a e d e s 14 Uninstalling thie Board idi te eit E oe erp it p 14 Identifying External Components sse eene nennen nennen nnne nen 15 Status EEDS 5o etate eme eti AOE 16 Health Status LED ssssssssssssssseseneeneene enne nnns nnns 16 Hot Swap LED sada adits ten iere E RE end iret NER 16 Port EEDSS dias RIS ence utet tenue dise 16 Link Activity LED Mode tete ege tet 16 Link Speed LED Mode seen 17 Getting Started with Management sssssssssssssss esent 17 Accessing the Local Console sse entere 17 To log in to the switch the first time 18 Setting the IP Address sessssssessessseeseeenenee enne nns 18 To configure the IP address 18 Upgrading Firmware through Zmodem seen 19 To upgrade the f
87. e is Link Activity When you depress the switch button the LEDs are in Link Speed mode Link Activity LED Mode Status Meaning Off No Ethernet connection Solid Green Good connection link present Blinking Green Port is transmitting or receiving packets activity is on going Port is not forwarding packets The port has been disabled by management an address violation has occurred or the port is being blocked by STP Solid Amber Note After a port is reconfigured the port LED can remain amber for as long as 30 seconds while STP checks the switch for loop paths When the STP checking is completed the port then resumes displaying its current connection status 16 Link Speed LED Mode Installation and Initial Setup Port Type Status Meaning 10 100 Off 10 Mb s Solid Green 100 Mb s 100 1000 Solid Green 100 Mb s Solid Amber 1000 Mb s Getting Started with Management The switch contains the following components ACPU Memory for data storage Flash memory for configuration data operational programs and SNMP agent firmware These components allow you to manage and monitor the switch from either the board s serial port or the network itself You can configure and manage the switch from these locations Aterminal or a workstation running terminal emulation software and connected to the switch via the RS 232 port A workstation connected to the network
88. e same LAN VLAN can be created either statically or dynamically Static VLAN Ports are assigned to a specific VLAN Dynamic VLAN Using GVRP GARP VLAN Registration Protocol ports are allowed to dynamically join a VLAN group VLANs reduce traffic because traffic between VLANS is restricted Bridges forward unicast multicast and broadcast traffic only on LAN segments that serve the VLAN to which the traffic belongs For static VLAN configuration the switch supports two kinds of VLANs Static port Uses untagged frames Static IEEE 802 1Q VLAN Uses tagged or untagged frames Ports that use tagged frames can belong to more than one VLAN By default all ports belong to a special VLAN called default This default VLAN is a static IEEE802 1Q VLAN which has the following unique characteristics The name and the type fields are read only It cannot be deleted e tcan contain no VLAN members Its VID is 1 which cannot be changed All user configured VLANs have the following characteristics The size of VLAN name field is 32 bytes Ingress checking is set to on Up to 32 static VLANS can be configured The switch supports a maximum of 255 VLANs 64 static the rest dynamic Static Port Based VLANs A port based VLAN is the easiest type to configure on the switch because you only need to specify the following VLAN name 31 Switch Management and Operating Concepts Member ports
89. e selected priority Either All packets with the above MAC address will be given the selected priority Source Destination 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter 4 To delete an entry toggle the Action field to Delete enter the MAC address highlight APPLY and press Enter 70 Using the Telnet Console Mirroring Configurations Incoming or outgoing traffic from any source port can be mirrored for real time analysis A logic analyzer or a RMON probe can then be attached to study the traffic crossing the source port in a completely unobtrusive manner When mirroring port traffic remember these conditions The target port should be operating at the same or higher speed than the source port If the target port is operating at a lower speed than the source port packets will be lost Foroptimum performance you should mirror three or fewer ports at any given time To configure a port for mirroring 1 From the Main Menu select Mirroring Configurations and press Enter 2 Configure these fields Field Description Specifies the port where information will be duplicated and sent for capture Target Port and network analysis This is the port where a network analyzer would be attached to capture packets duplicated from the source port Specifies which port to be mirror and which packets to be mirror This port is the source of the packets Use one of these values R Mirror incoming packet T Mirror
90. e top panel under IP Forwarding click Static ARP 3 Click New and configure these fields Field Description itit daco Name Specifies the IP interface of the IP address that you are adding to the static ARP table IP Address field Specifies the IP address of the end node or station MAC Address Specifies the MAC address corresponding to the IP address 4 Click Apply 5 To delete a route select the entry in the static ARP table and click Delete 109 Using the Web Console IP Address Filtering You can manually configure the switch to drop packets from specified MAC and IP addresses For information about specifying MAC addresses to drop see the Forwarding Unicast MAC Address Setting screen To specify an IP address for filtering 1 In the left panel click IP Address Filtering 2 Click New and configure these fields Field Description IP Address Specifies the IP address of the packets you want dropped Source Destination Specifies the condition for filtering the packets Destination Packets with the above IP address as their destination will be dropped Source Packets with the above IP address as their source will be dropped Either All packets with the above IP address will be dropped 3 Click Apply The entry is added to the table 4 To remove an entry select the entry in the table and click Remove MAC Address Priority You can sp
91. eceiving traps generated by the switch 4 Click Apply 91 Using the Web Console To configure management station IP addresses You can specify the IP addresses of up to three management stations that will be allowed access to the management agent of the switch If you enter IP addresses in this form only the management stations with those IP addresses are allowed to access the management agent of the switch All other IP addresses will be blocked 1 In the left panel click Network Management 2 In the top panel click Management Station IP Addresses 3 Configure the following fields Field Description Specifies the IP addresses of the management stations that you want to aadress access to the switch s management agent Port Specifies the ZT8108 switch port used for access 4 Click Apply Switch Utilities 92 Trivial File Transfer Protocol TFTP services enable these maintenance tasks Upgrading the switch s firmware by downloading a new firmware file from a TFTP server to the switch Downloading a configuration file from a TFTP server to the switch Saving the switch s settings to a TFTP server Saving the switch s history log to a TFTP server The TFTP server must be running TFTP server software to perform the file transfer TFTP server software is a part of many network management software packages or can be obtained as a separate program The switch utilities also allo
92. ecify a MAC address so that packets with this address are given special handling either a higher or lower priority than normal traffic Note If flow control is enabled a small of amount of low priority traffic may be forwarded before high priority traffic To set up a MAC address priority 1 In the left panel click MAC Address Priority 2 Click New and configure these fields Field Description MAC Address Specifies the MAC address to set a priority for 110 Using the Web Console Field Description VLAN Name Specifies the name of VLAN on which this MAC address resides Specifies the priority for this MAC address The levels are 0 7 with 7 being User Priority the highest priority Specifies the state under which the above priority will be active The options are Destination Packets with the above MAC address as their destination will be given the selected priority Source Packets with the above MAC address as their source will be given the selected priority Either All packets with the above MAC address will be given the selected priority Source Destination 3 Click Apply 4 To remove an entry select the entry in the table and click Delete Mirroring Configurations Incoming or outgoing traffic from any source port can be mirrored for realtime analysis A logic analyzer or a RMON probe can then be attached to study the traffic crossing
93. ed when RIP is in V1 Compatible or V2 mode Password Specifies the password to be used to authenticate communication between routers on the network 6 Highlight APPLY and press Enter Multicast Global Configurations The Multicast Global Configurations screen is only for globally enabling or disabling the multicast routing protocols on the switch Each VLAN or IP Interface uses these global values unless you configured it to use specialized settings The protocol must be enabled globally before you can enable it on a specific VLAN or IP interface RIP is globally set up with the RIP Configuration option To configure globally the multicast protocols 1 From the Main Menu select Layer 3 IP Networking Setup Multicast Global Configurations and press Enter 2 Configure these fields Field Description Switch IGMP Snooping Enables or disables globally Internet Group Management Protocol IGMP snooping This protocol allows the switch to forward multicast traffic intelligently on the switch DVMRP State Enables or disables globally the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol DVMRP PIM DM State Enables or disables globally the Protocol Independent Multicasting Dense Mode PIM DM multicasting protocol Unknown Neighbors DVMRP Include Report From Enables or disables receiving DVMRP reports from unknown neighbors 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter Each
94. elnet Console sssssssssssssseseeenenn enne nennen nitentes nnne ns 41 Before You Start toute etse tec n cte tees diede cif C dE 41 General Deployment Strategy sss eene 41 MEAN EayOUl ires vanes ey sa ERES IRR REA Se EY aieth canted epedigadisa NO Pe zo 42 IP Addressing Scheme for VLANS ssssssssseseee eee 42 Static Route Assessment 42 Getting Started neresi enueiar etag ao eco d ED M Senate coo etg tasti ke ero adea 43 Console Usage Conventions ssssssssssseseeeeee enne nnne 43 Connecting to the Switch enne entrent 43 To log in to the switch the first time seen 44 Main Menu either et pte tee d te ete aa a HUE Data M xb ce Ex rens 45 Creating User Accounts ssssssssssssssseeeeeee eene enne nnne nens nnne senes 46 To create a new user account ssssssseseeeeeeee eene 46 Admin User and Normal User Privileges e ecseceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 47 To log in once you have created a registered user 47 Saving GHanges cv 2i uro eee edic ene ic b 2 e Aas 47 To save changes to NV RAM sse 48 REDO EE LE 48 Basic Settings 3 eee rt paa de ete i eR ERICH Eee EU ERR UE ARES ER SHE TORRE EIE 48 Contents SWITCH Isrergutz trj 49 Basic Switch Setup esses essen nennen nnne thn nennt antri nna 49 Network Management Setup
95. en a destination MAC or IP addresses and the Ethernet port or gateway router the destination resides on This information is then used to forward packets This reduces the traffic congestion on the network because packets instead of being transmitted to all ports are transmitted to the destination port only For example if Port 1 receives a packet destined for a station on Port 2 the switch transmits that packet through Port 2 only and transmits nothing through the other ports This process is referred to as learning the network topology You can configure forwarding rules for the following MAC address aging MAC address forwarding P address to a specified gateway P address to a specified MAC address MAC Address Aging Time The aging time affects the learning process of the switch Dynamic forwarding table entries which are made up of the source and destination MAC addresses and their associated port numbers are deleted from the table if they are not accessed within the aging time The aging time can be 10 1 000 000 seconds with a default value of 300 seconds A very long aging time can result in dynamic forwarding table entries that are out of date or no longer exist This may cause incorrect packet forwarding decisions by the switch If the aging time is too short however many entries may be aged out too soon This will result in a high percentage of received packets whose source addresses cannot be found in the fo
96. er the following a multicast group address a source IP address and a source subnet mask address To find all multicast groups known to the switch use 0 0 0 0 for all the addresses 3 Highlight FIND and press Enter The IP Multicast Forwarding Table contains the following information Column Description Multicast Group The IP address of a multicast group used in the search for a specific entry Source IP Addr The IP address of a multicast source used in the search for a specific entry The subnet mask of a multicast source used in the search for a specific Source Mask entry Upstream Neighbor The IP address of the next hop router between the multicast group and the source Expire Time The number of seconds the packets from the multicast source can live Prot The multicast routing protocol used by the current source To view the IGMP group table You can view IGMP information for an IP interface name and a multicast group IP address 1 From the Main Menu select Network Monitoring IGMP Group Table and press Enter 2 Enter the name of an IP interface and the IP address of a multicast group To find all multicast groups use 0 0 0 0 for the address 62 Using the Telnet Console 3 Highlight FIND and press Enter The IGMP Group table contains the following information Column Description Interface Name The IP interface associated with the multicast group Multicast Group T
97. escribes how to perform common monitoring and configuration tasks on the switch Condition Task Configure the options in the Network Management Using SNMP for network management Setup screens Use the Switch Utilities to save configurations for use Installing more than one switch on multiple switches Testing communication with other devices Use the Ping Test utility from the Switch Utilities menu Need to set the port settings for the serial port to Configure the options with the Serial Port Settings values other than the default values Screen 87 Using the Web Console Switch Information The Switch Information screen displays descriptive information about the switch In the left panel click Switch Information This screen contains the following information Field Description Device Type Specifies the product name ZT8101 Fast Ethernet Switch MAC Address Specifies the unique MAC address assigned to the switch This address is not configurable Boot PROM Version Specifies the version of the switch s boot code Firmware Version Specifies the version of the firmware installed on the switch You can update this using a switch utility Hardware Version Specifies the hardware version of the main board Device S N Specifies the serial number of the device Name Specifies the name assigned to the switch system If you are installing multiple switches you
98. following are the user configurable STP parameters for the port or port group level Variable Description Default Value Port Priority A relative priority for each port Lower numbers specify a higher priority and a greater chance of a given port being elected as the root port 32768 Port Cost A value used by STP to evaluate paths STP calculates path costs and selects the path with the minimum cost as the active path 100 for 10 Mbps Fast Etherenet ports 19for 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet ports 4for 1000 Mbps Gigabit Ethernet ports Switch Management and Operating Concepts Link Aggregation Link aggregation allows several ports to be grouped so that they can act as a single port This is done to either increase the bandwidth of a network connection or to ensure fault recovery The group has the following assignments Master port This port is the Ethernet port with the lowest port number All member ports are configured to use its port settings and become members of its VLAN Anchor port This port is in charge of sending control packets such as spanning tree BPDUS and also the flooding of multicast frames When a link change event occurs in the group the anchor port may be re elected When a link aggregation group is deleted or disabled the ports retain their reassigned port settings They do not recover their original port settings For example suppose that Port 1 belongs to V
99. for conflicting information that would make it return to a blocking state otherwise temporary data loops might result Maximum value is 30 Minimum value is the higher of 4 or Max Age 2 1 Priority 32768 Priority is used in selecting the root bridge root port and designated port The device with the highest priority becomes the STP root bridge The lower the numeric value the higher the priority If all devices have the same priority the device with the lowest MAC address will become the root bridge Range 0 to 65535 4 Highlight APPLY and press Enter The following information is displayed about STP Field Description Designated Root Bridge The IP address of the current root bridge for the STP group Root Priority The current value of the bridge priority for the group Cost to Root The currently assigned cost for the route from the designated STP group port to the root bridge Root Port The port number of the root port Last Topology Change The time in seconds since the last change in the root bridge or designated STP group port Topology Change Count The number of topology changes since the switch was last restarted To define the port members of an STP group The switch allows you to configure Spanning Tree Groups that consist of a group of ports that will be handled as though they were a single spanning tree device An STP g
100. g dug 70 Mirroring Configurations sssssssssssseeseeeeeeennnen nennen nnne nens 71 Contents To configure a port for mirroring eeeeenn 71 VLAN Configuration nennen nnne senten ernst 71 To configure GVRP globally esses 71 To create or modify a port based VLAN sssssssssss 72 To create or modify an 802 1Q VLAN sssseseeeeernn 72 To configure the member ports of an 802 1Q VLAN 73 Einle Aggregation bee ect detect e trea cest gets betae bue NN Erates 74 To configure a link aggregation group se 74 Layer 3 IP Networkirig 1i rere ott een A ev te e eere eed 74 Setting Up IP Interfaces eene nennen nnne 75 To set up IP Interfaces on the switch seessssssssssss 75 RIP GonfigulatiOr 5 2 e tete ese a d Pe RO A SER ACER AN aaae 75 Tocontigure RIP 2 Aine eee alae oA a oderat 75 Multicast Global Configurations sss 76 To configure globally the multicast protocols ssssssse 76 IGMP GonfiguratlOli iier i ei terr e c a a hes RR aNs 77 To configure IGMP snooping ssesseseneneeeen nnns 77 To configure IGMP for an IP interface ssssseeeeere 78 DVMRP Interface Configuration ssssssseseseeeeeeeeeennnenen nennen 78 To configure DVMRP for an IP interface
101. ge of ports to configure To configure a single port enter that port number in both the to and from field 4 In the Flow Control Threshold field enter a value from 2 57344 5 Highlight APPLY and press Enter The table displays the following information about the ports Field Description Port The port number Flow Control Threshold The current value of the flow control threshold Drop Packet A status field that indicates whether the port is currently dropping packets A status field that indicates whether the port is currently implementing flow Flow Control Status control A status filed that indicates the port s speed duplex mode and flow control Port Connection meds Using the Telnet Console To configure static IP routes 1 From the Main Menu select Forwarding Static Default Routes and press Enter 2 Toggle the Action field to Add and configure these fields Field Description IP Address Specifies the IP address to be statically entered into the IP forwarding table Subnet Mask Specifies the corresponding subnet mask for the IP address Specifies the address of the next hop gateway for the IP address This is Gateway IP usually a router with a connection to a WAN or the Internet Specifies the Routing Information Protocol RIP metric This is the number Metric of hops between the IP address and the Gateway This is a number between 1 and 15 3
102. gure MAC address aging MAC forwarding unicast MAC address multicast MAC address and storm control IP forwarding static and default routes static ARP Using the Web Console To configure MAC address aging A very long MAC address aging time can result in out of date dynamic entries that may cause incorrect packet filtering and forwarding decisions A very short aging time may cause entries to be aged out too soon which results in a high percentage of received packets whose source addresses cannot be found in the address table In this case the switch must broadcast the packet to all ports negating many of the benefits of having a switch 1 In the left panel select Forwarding 2 In the top panel under MAC Forwarding select MAC Address Aging Time 3 In the MAC Address Aging Time field specify the length of time a learned MAC address can remain in the forwarding table without being accessed that is how long a learned MAC Address is allowed to remain idle The aging time can be set to any value between 300 1 000 000 seconds The default is 300 seconds 5 minutes 4 Click Apply To configure unicast MAC address forwarding 1 In the left panel click Forwarding 1 In the top panel under MAC Forwarding click Unicast MAC Address Settings 2 Click New and configure these fields Field Description MAC Address Specifies the unicast MAC address in the packets VLAN Name Specifies the VLAN to which the
103. h When mirroring ports remember the following The source port cannot be the target port 27 Switch Management and Operating Concepts The target port cannot belong to a link aggregation group The target port should be operating at the same or higher speed than the source port If the target port is operating at a lower speed than the source port packets will be lost Spanning Tree Protocol The IEEE 802 1D Spanning Tree Protocol allows for the blocking of links between switches that form loops within the network When multiple links between switches are detected a primary link is established Duplicated links are blocked from use and become standby links The protocol allows for the duplicate links to be used in the event of a failure of the primary link Itis possible to cause serious degradation of network performance if the Spanning Tree is incorrectly configured The switch s default global setting should be used by the majority of installations The ZT8101 switch performs the following functions Creates a single spanning tree from any combination of switching or bridging elements Creates multiple spanning trees from any combination of ports contained within a single switch in user specified groups Automatically reconfigures the spanning tree to compensate for the failure addition or removal of any element in the tree Reconfigures the spanning tree without operator intervention STP Levels and Pa
104. he IP address of the multicast group associated with the IP interface Last Reporter IP The IP address of the member that responded with the last report Querier IP The IP address of the member elected to be the querier for the group Expire The time when the next report is due To view the DVMRP routing table You can search the DVMRP routing table with an IP address and subnet mask combination 1 From the Main Menu select Network Monitoring DVMRP Routing Table and press Enter 2 Enter an IP address and a subnet mask 3 Highlight FIND and press Enter The DVMRP Routing Table contains the following information Column Description Source Address The source IP address used to retrieve this information Source Mask The source subnet mask used to retrieve this information Next hop Router The IP address of the next hop router for the source address Ho The number of hops routers between the multicast group member and the P Switch The method the switch used to discover the source address either Static or Learned D ynamic Interface The IP interface name of the source address Exp The number of seconds before the entry expires Expired entries display H D hold down for 120 seconds before they are removed To view the switch s history log From the Main Menu select Network Monitoring Switch History and press Enter The Switch History screen contains the following information
105. hlight UPLOAD and press Enter To test connectivity with ping 1 From the Main Menu select Switch Utilities Ping Test and press Enter 2 Configure these fields Field Description IP Address Specifies the IP address of the network device to ping Number of Repetitions Specifies the number of test packets to send Three is the usual number Default timeout Specifies the number of seconds to wait between sending the packets 3 To start the test highlight START and press Enter BOOTP DHCP Relay BOOTP DHCP relay agent enables end stations to use a BOOTP or DHCP server to obtain TCP IP configuration information or boot files to be loaded into memory even if the servers are not on the local IP interface The following conditions determine whether you need to enable BOOTP DHCP relay Ifthe BOOTP or DCHP server and end station are on the same IP interface no relay agent is necessary Ifthe servers and the end stations are on different IP interfaces a relay agent is necessary for the switch to forward the messages The relay agent forwards these packets between IP interfaces and therefore must know the IP addresses of the BOOTP and DHCP servers and their respective subnet names or IP interface names When the switch receives packets destined for a BOOTP or DHCP server it forwards them to specific servers as defined in the following configuration The switch also forwards packets from the BOOTP or DHCP
106. how to monitor the following aspects of the switch Port Statistics packets errors and utilization Address Tables MAC IP Routing and ARP e Status switch history router port table IP multicast forwarding table and other such tables 96 Port Statistics Using the Web Console To view port utilization 1 In the left panel click Network Monitoring 2 In the top panel under Statistics click Port Utilization 3 To change the refresh interval select a value from the drop down menu 4 To clear the gathered statistics click Clear The screen displays these statistics Column Description Port Identifies the port Tx sec Displays the number of packets transmitted per second Rx sec Displays the number of packets received per second utilization Displays the calculated the percentage of the total bandwidth being used by the device attached to the port To view port error statistics AF WN 2 In the left panel click Network Monitoring In the top panel under Statistics click Port Error Packets In the Port field select the port to view In the Interval field select the interval for updating the statistics To clear the statistics and gather new information click Clear The screen displays these statistics Field Description Rx Frames Received packets Alignment For 10 Mbps ports the counter records CRC errors FCS or CRC Error alig
107. icenses from various entities including Intel Corporation This document and the software described in it are furnished under license and may only be used or copied in accordance with the terms of the license The information in this document is furnished for informational use only is subject to change without notice and should not be construed as a commitment by Intel Corporation Intel Corporation assumes no responsibility or liability for any errors or inaccuracies that may appear in this document or any software that may be provided in association with this document Except as permitted by such license no part of this document may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the express written consent of Intel Corporation Contact your local Intel sales office or your distributor to obtain the latest specifications and before placing your product order Copies of documents which have an ordering number and are referenced in this document or other Intel literature may be obtained by calling 1 800 548 4725 or by visiting Intel s website at http www intel com Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others Copyright 2001 Intel Corporation All rights reserved Intel Corporation 5200 N E Elam Young Parkway Hillsboro Oregon 97124 6497 Contents Contents 1 Lapierre e 9 Highlights t PERDONO uci etu ABA UE 9 Ethernet Features cg et e d edet Uer edi tbe dae D
108. ick Network Monitoring 2 In the top panel under Status click IGMP Snooping Status 3 In the VLAN Name field enter the name of the VLAN to retrieve IGMP snooping information 4 Click Find The table displays this information Field Description Multicast Group The IP address of a multicast group learned by IGMP snooping MAC Address The corresponding MAC address learned by IGMP snooping Port Map Displays the ports that have forwarded multicast packets from the above source Reports The number of IGMP reports for the listed source To view the IP multicast forwarding table You can browse the IP multicast forwarding table for static and dynamic learned entries You can also search the table using a combination of a multicast group IP address a multicast source IP address and a subnet mask 1 In the left panel click Network Monitoring 2 In the top panel under Status click IP Multicast Forwarding Table 3 Enter a multicast group address a source IP address and a source subnet mask address To find all multicast groups known to the switch use 0 0 0 0 for all the addresses 4 Click Find The table displays this information Column Description Multicast Group The IP address of a multicast group used in the search for a specific entry Source IP Address The IP address of a multicast source used in the search for a specific entry Source Mask The s
109. ick the fields and press Enter if no user accounts have been created The Switch Information screen appears This chapter describes the switch management features that are available from the Web Console The immediate sections below describe some basics about user accounts saving changes and resetting the switch to factory default settings The subsequent sections describe the basic and advanced features If no user accounts have been created one of your first configuration tasks should be to create at least one Admin level user to protect the switch from unauthorized users 83 Using the Web Console Configuration Options 84 The left panel has these options Basic Setup Switch Information Basic Switch Setup Serial Port Settings Port Configurations User Accounts Hetwork Management Switch Utilities Hetwork Monitoring Factory Reset Save Changes Reboot Advanced Setup Spanning Tree Forwarding IP Address Filtering MAC Address Priority Mirroring Configurations VLAH Configurations Link Aggregation Layer 3 IP Hetworking Basic Setup Switch Information Display information about the switch s hardware firmware and Switch Information Device Type ZT8101 Layer 3 Fast Ethernet Switch MAC Address 00 80 c8 30 48 00 Boot PROM Version PromVer 1 0 Hardware Version 22020202 Device SIN 0 oo Name The Switch Location USA Contact Administrator oe Spanning Tree Enabled GVRP Enabled
110. ilable No Prevents this VLAN from becoming a querier Querier Version Vi Enables the sending of IGMP query packets when needed V2 Enables the sending of IGMP query and leave packets according to the IGMP V2 specification Use the spacebar to toggle between the options Specifies the permitted packet loss on a link Enter a value between 2 255 Robustness Variable The default is 2 Specifies the time that can elapse between general IGMP queries Enter a Query Interval value between 1 65535 seconds The default is 125 Specifies the maximum time the switch can wait for IGMP member reports Max Response Time Enter a value between 1 25 The default is 10 seconds Enables or disables learning about IGMP groups If enabled the switch State limits multicast forwarding to active member ports 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter to make the changes These conditions affect the fields on the IGMP snooping screen The switch IGMP snooping flag must be enabled for these settings to have any effect f the IGMP settings have been enabled for the IP interface associated with the VLAN you select the only field available on the IGMP snooping screen is the State field 77 Using the Telnet Console To configure IGMP for an IP interface 1 From the Main Menu select Layer 3 IP Networking Setup IGMP Interface Configurations and press Enter 2 Configure these fields Field Desc
111. iority If all devices have the same priority the device with the lowest MAC address will become the root bridge Range 0 65535 5 Click Apply The following information is displayed about STP Field Description Designated Root Bridge The IP address of the current root bridge for the STP group Root Priority The current value of the bridge priority for the group Cost to Root The currently assigned cost for the route from the designated STP group port to the root bridge Root Port The port number of the root port Last Topology Change The time in seconds since the last change in the root bridge or designated STP group port Topology Change Count The number of topology changes since the switch was last restarted 105 Using the Web Console To define the port members of an STP group The switch allows you to configure Spanning Tree Groups that consist of a group of ports that will be handled as though they were a single spanning tree device An STP group uses the switch level parameters entered above with the addition of port priority and port cost An STP group spanning tree works in the same way as the switch level spanning tree but the root bridge concept is replaced with a root port concept A root port is a port of the group that is elected on the basis of port priority and port cost to be the connection to the network for the group Redundant links wil
112. irmware using Zmodem sessees 19 3 Switch Management and Operating Concepts sssssssssesseeee 21 Managing the Switch si ricerca iple de eater ett ceca t dye qe due e Eee eae 21 Switch IP and MAC Addresses ssssssssssssseeee eene nennen entren enn nnne 22 Port Conflg ratioris 1 Itum oil etait c RU a le ieee FA er n E Pep acu ete 22 aee S 22 Port Security and MAC Address Learning sess 23 EE 23 BOOTP DEGP Relay vin asta Sad Oa ee dive eU oe d oce ex ee 23 DNS Relay EET 24 Packet Forwarding cnet ep aden aede eit ee deta Ducere due 24 MAC Address Aging Time ssssssssssssseeeseneeeeeen rennen nnne 24 MAC Address Forwarding essent 24 iuueni 25 Traffic Controlan eee t Deel bn cen ate 25 IP Eorwardirg 2 1 ed Rite a eite ite na 25 ARP Table 2 5 eer durent eteet true docu ue dtd dg ce genes 25 ROEP POMS rerit et 26 Contents ij ecc ccm 26 aine eared ae 26 MAC Address Filtering essen 27 IP Address Filteri oenina e nennen 27 Port Mitroring enii na ae eh ee ete ee ue ete ede a ote 27 Spanning TDtee P Otocol ei c eden reet pe det taceat e er dec ag 28 STP Levels and Parameters sss ennt nennen 28 STP Parameters for the Switch Level seesseeese 29 STP
113. iscovery IEEE 802 1D frame support DHCP BOOTP relay Additional Features Front Panel Features 2 10 100 RJ45 ports 2 100 1000 RJ45 ports RS 232 serial console port Status LEDs for port link speed and activity Introduction Management Functions e RS 232 port for out of band management and system diagnostics Telnet remote control console Web based management console SNMP v1 Agent Supported MIBs MIB II Bridge MIB RMON MIB Statistics History Alarm Event RIP MIB CIDR MIB 802 1p MIB TFTP P filtering on management interface DHCP client Password enabled Warranty 2 years Product Information and Sales Support Tel 805 541 0488 www Intel com ZiatechInfoQ Intel com Introduction 12 ZT8101 User s Manual Installation and Initial Setup 2 This chapter provides installation and initial setup information for the switch Installing the Board These instructions explain the mechanical aspects of installing a ZT8101board The board should be installed in a PICMG 2 16 compliant fabric slot 1 System power does not need to be off to insert a ZT8101 board 2 Prepare the board by opening the injector ejector mechanisms Injector Ejector Operations ibe Fe cere s Pe oe ioe sores se ni I E uL LJ Open Closed 91 l UD NOPE ee OPP Ee iE ESET ee ee UE Fee PPPS eee Pee OP 3 Carefully align the edges of the board with the
114. l be blocked just as redundant links are blocked on the switch level An STP port group should correspond to a VLAN group of ports 1 In the left panel click Spanning Tree 2 In the top panel click STP Port Settings 3 Configure these fields Field Description Specifies the port cost It can be set between 1 65535 The lower the cost the greater the probability the port will be chosen as the designated port chosen to forward packets The default value for the 10 100 ports is 19 and for the 100 1000 ports it is 4 Cost Specifies the port priority It can be set between 0 255 The default is 128 The lower the priority the greater the probability the port will be chosen as Priority the root port If two ports have the same priority the port with the lowest port number is selected For example STP chooses port 1 over port 5 if they both have the same priority State Enables or disables STP on the specified port or range of ports 4 Click Apply The Status field displays whether the port is Disabled or Forwarding The STP Name field displays the assigned STP group name for the port Forwarding 106 Forwarding reduces traffic congestion on the network because packets are transmitted only to the destination port rather than to all ports The switch maintains a number of static forwarding tables which you can manually configure for MAC IP and ARP forwarding This section explains how to confi
115. left and right card guides in the appropriate slot It may be helpful to look into the enclosure to verify correct alignment of the rails in the guides 4 Taking care to keep the board aligned in the guides slide the board in until the injector ejector mechanisms engage the retention bars 5 Simultaneously push in the board and rotate the injector ejector mechanisms to their closed positions rotate inward to seat the backplane connectors When the board is in place it will boot if the system power is on 6 Make the desired connections at the faceplate and configure the board s Manual 13 Installation and Initial Setup Power on After the power switch is turned on the LED indicators should respond as follows All LED indicators will momentarily blink which represents a reset of the system The board status LED indicator will blink while the switch loads onboard software and performs a self test After approximately 20 seconds the LED will light again to indicate the switch is in a ready state The hot swap LED indicator will be off The port LED indicators will be off if there is no Ethernet connection and on if there is an Ethernet connection Uninstalling the Board These instructions explain the mechanical aspects of removing a ZT8101 board from a system 1 2 3 You do not need to turn off the system power to remove a ZT8101 board Disconnect connections at the faceplate Ethernet and serial ports Th
116. ll ports belong to an IEEE 802 1Q VLAN called default Although this VLAN cannot be deleted all member ports can be assigned to other VLANs To configure GVRP globally The global GVRP flag determines whether GVRP Group VLAN Registration Protocol is enabled on the switch so that the switch can share VLAN information with other switches and VLANs can span multiple switches When this flag is disabled VLANs are confined to the physical connections of the switch By default this flag is disabled 1 In the left panel click VLAN Configurations 2 In the top panel click Switch GVRP 3 Use the drop down menu to select Enabled or Disabled 4 Click Apply To configure a port based VLAN Ports must be removed from another VLAN before they are available for assigning as static members of a port based VLAN 1 In the left panel click VLAN Configurations 2 In the top panel click Port Based VLANs 3 Click New and configure these fields Field Description Specifies the name of the VLAN for which ports are to be configured The VLAN Name name can be up to 32 characters Once created a VLAN name cannot be modified Specifies which ports are static members of the VLAN Click a port s check FOR Member box to add a port to the VLAN 4 Click Apply 5 To modify a VLAN select it from the list and click Edit To configure an 802 1Q VLAN 1 In the left panel click VLAN Configurations 2 In the top
117. llows users to copy files from and to a remote system that is running the TFTP server protocol The TFTP client allows only one user to access it and transfer files You can use the TFTP client to do the following Download firmware Download or upload a switch configuration file Upload the switch s history log Some TFTP servers cannot determine when a transaction is aborted In these cases you must reboot the switch which restarts the TFTP server and re initializes the TFTP transaction 21 Switch Management and Operating Concepts Switch diagnostics The PROM loader automatically runs memory diagnostics each time the switch is booted Reset to factory defaults The switch includes an option that allows you to reset the configuration to the factory defaults You can select to reset the IP address or save your configured IP address Switch IP and MAC Addresses Each switch must be assigned its own IP Address The switch s default IP address is 10 90 90 90 You can change the default switch IP address to meet the specification of your networking address scheme The switch is also assigned a unique MAC address by the factory You cannot change this MAC address In addition you can also set an IP address for a gateway router This becomes necessary when the network management station is located on a different IP network from the switch making it necessary for management packets to go through a router to reach the
118. ly required for this first release In the second release the ports can be from any switch that is compliant with 802 lad To configure a link aggregation group 1 From the Main Menu select Link Aggregation and press Enter 2 Configure these fields Field Description Group ID Specifies one of the six possible link aggregation groups configurable on the Switch Starting Port Specifies the first port in the group This port is called the master port Group Width Specifies the number of ports in sequential order from the master port that will be included in the link aggregation group Status Enables or disables the link aggregation group 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter The table displays the following additional information Column Description Master Specifies which member port is the master port The master port is always the lowest numbered port All member ports are configured to use its settings and become members of its VLAN Anchor Specifies which member port is the anchor port The anchor port is responsible for the flooding of multicast frames and for sending control packets Layer 3 IP Networking This section describes how to configure P Interfaces RIP Multicast routing protocols 74 Using the Telnet Console Setting Up IP Interfaces Each IP interface on the switch corresponds to a VLAN A VLAN which does not
119. mbership no route calculation is performed the RIP protocol is not employed and packets traversing the switch are bridged using the Spanning Tree algorithm A switch that implements Layer 3 or subnet VLANs without performing any routing function between these VLANs is referred to as performing IP switching P switching does not allow packets to cross VLANS in this case IP subnets without a network device performing a routing function between the VLANs IP subnets The ZT8101 switch does not directly support IP switching however you can configure the switch to imitate this behavior by assigning IP subnets to configured VLANs and then disabling the Routing Information Protocol RIP This prevents packets from crossing IP subnets without going through an external router Multi Netting In legacy networks multi netting is commonly used to configure a physical router port with more than one IP interface In a Layer 3 switch an IP interface is bound to a single VLAN To accommodate multi netting you must configure two or more tagged VLANS to span the same physical ports and then assign each VLAN a different IP address The VLANs must include tagged ports because untagged ports can only belong to one VLAN IP Interfaces 34 Note An IP interface associates an IP address with a specific VLAN which allows the VLAN to be configured for RIP and multicasting protocols Each VLAN must be configured prior to setting up the
120. mbination 1 2 3 4 Click Find In the left panel click Network Monitoring In the top panel under Status click DVMRP Routing Table Enter an IP address and a subnet mask The table displays this information Column Description Source Address The source IP address used to retrieve this information Source Mask The source subnet mask used to retrieve this information Next Hop Router The IP address of the next hop router for the source address Hop The number of hops routers between the multicast group member and the switch Learned The method the switch used to discover the source address either Static or Dynamic Interface Name The IP interface name of the source address Expire The number of seconds before the entry expires Expired entries display H D hold down for 120 seconds before they are removed To view the switch s history log 1 In the left panel click Network Monitoring 2 In the top panel under Status click Switch History 103 Using the Web Console The Switch History screen contains this information Field Description Sad ehc A counter incremented whenever an entry to the switch s history log is q made The table displays the last entry highest sequence number first Ti The time the history log entry was made The time is specified in days ime hours and minutes since the switch was last restar
121. n If the IGMP interface is designated as the IGMP querier the switch uses the following intervals for sending query packets When you enable IGMP snooping or boot the switch with the querier option enabled the first query packet will not be sent for 255 seconds This time delay is non standard The second query packet will be sent after the Startup Querier Interval which is one fourth of the Query Interval By default this is 31 seconds The next query packets will be sent periodically according to the Query Interval The default Query Interval is 125 seconds IGMP Snooping IGMP Snooping is a feature that reduces the flooding of IP multicast traffic The default behavior for handling a multicast packet is to flood the packet to all members of a VLAN With IGMP Snooping only the active member ports receive the data All groups learned by IGMP Snooping are recorded in an internal group table with the VLAN ID and Multicast Group Address used as the table s index The table s port list stores the active member ports for this group This table can contain a maximum of 128 groups If the active multicast groups exceed this limit the new group s data will be flooded in the VLAN You can globally enable or disable IGMP Snooping on the switch You can also enable or disable the snooping for a specific VLAN You must enable IGMP globally for it to be enabled on a specific VLAN By default the IGMP global flag is off and VLAN flag is on
122. n level user for the switch to protect it from unauthorized users Press CTRL R to refresh the screen This command can be used at any time to force the console program in the switch to refresh the console screen Setting the IP Address You use the Basic Network Setup menu to set the boot up operation for obtaining an IP address or to manually assign the IP address for the switch The switch needs a valid IP address for your network to access the switch via Telnet or the Web To configure the IP address 1 From the Main Menu select Basic Network Setup and press Enter Installation and Initial Setup 2 To configure the IP address use the Arrow keys or the Tab key to modify the settings in the New Switch IP Settings column Parameter Default Description Specifies the method for assigning the switch an IP address SLE Manus Use the spacebar to toggle to Manual DHCP or BOOTP IP Address 10 90 90 90 Specifies the IP address assigned to the switch Subnet Mask 255 0 0 0 Specifies the subnet mask assigned to the switch and to the other devices on this segment of the network Specifies the IP address of the device that routes to different networks A gateway must be defined if the workstation you are going to use for switch management is located on a different IP segment than the switch Default Gateway 0 0 0 0 Specifies the name of the VLAN that contains the VLAN Name default workstations that you will use to man
123. n the power on self test message appears press the key and wait for the following message Please change your baud rate to 115200 for the Zmodem upgrade or press CTRL C to go to the BOOT Menu If you press CTRL C you can configure the baud rate to a different value Change HyperTerminal s baud rate to match the target s setting Use the Send File function of HyperTerminal to upgrade the firmware When the download is completed Zmodem will display a message indicating that it is done and then a message about loading the Runtime image Change the baud rate of HyperTerminal back to 9600 bps Disconnect and reconnect Log in to the switch 10 From the main menu select Switch Information and press Enter Verify the firmware version Switch Management and Operating Concepts 3 This chapter describes many of the concepts you need to understand to configure and manage the switch It also describes many of the features available for managing the switch The instructions for configuring the switch are in chapter 4 Telnet Console and chapter 5 Web Console Managing the Switch The ZT8101 switch has three methods for configuring switch parameters and viewing switch status and statistics Serial The switch s serial port on the front panel allows a terminal or a PC running terminal emulation software to be connected to the switch and configure the switch It uses the same application that is used over Telnet The
124. nd press Enter 2 To configure the IP address use the Arrow keys or the Tab key to modify the settings in the New Switch IP Settings column Parameter Default Description Specifies the method for assigning the switch an IP address Use the spacebar to toggle to Manual DHCP or BOOTP Pb ERO Manual For more information about these options see the descriptions below Specifies the IP address assigned to the switch Only IPAddress 10 90 90 90 available for the Manual option 49 Using the Telnet Console 50 Parameter Default Description Specifies the subnet mask assigned to the switch and to the Subnet Mask 255 0 0 0 other devices on this segment of the network Only available for the Manual option Specifies the IP address of the device that routes to different networks A gateway must be defined if the workstation you Default Gateway 0 0 0 0 are going to use for switch management is located on a different IP segment than the switch Only available for the Manual option Specifies the name of the VLAN that the switch resides in NEAN Name default This VLAN must already exist 3 To configure a name and contact information for the switch enter information in these fields Parameter Description Specifies the name assigned to the switch If you are installing multiple Name switches you should give each a unique name Location Specifies the physical location of
125. nd types ssssssss 98 Address Tables etn eee serit ht See eet Eee irs 99 To view the MAC address table ssssssssseeene 99 To view the IP address table sse 99 To view the routing table sssseseeeeneennen 100 To view the ARP table sessessseeene eene 100 Statlls cisci fai a ET e ieee etek 101 To view GVRP Status sse rennen nnns 101 To view router ports eesseeesesssesessssee einen ennemi 101 To view IGMP Snooping status ssssseeeeens 102 To view the IP multicast forwarding table seesssssss 102 To view the IGMP group table ssesssseeeeenn 102 To view the DVMRP routing table seeeeee 103 To view the switch s history log sseeeeem 103 Advariced Setup titre oerte rer tee tian anti at pr ERE aeons 104 Spanning Tree Protocol nennen enn snnt 104 To configure STP switch settings sseeeeeee 104 To define the port members of an STP group sseesssss 106 Forwarding stet beens Etc tbe EG VAA ET eed EE Uere e ive EE vingt 106 To configure MAC address aging sssssseeeeee 107 To configure unicast MAC address forwarding ssssee 107 To configure multicast MAC address forwarding 107 To configu
126. nen enne 123 Safety Precautlong asi ee dh ettet dine tet 123 Product Safety Information sss enne nennen nennt 124 AC and or DC Power Safety Warning AC and or DC Powered Units 124 Rack Mount Enclosure Safety sssssssssssseeee 124 Revision History Date Revision Description December 6 2001 00 2 Made technical corrections November 14 2001 00 1a Added agency approvals November 9 2001 00 1 First draft Introduction 1 The ZT8101 board is a high performance managed switch that supports both Layer 2 and Layer 3 features For fast connection speeds and flexibility it has 24 10 100 Mbps Fast Ethernet ports and 2 gigabit Ethernet ports in a GU CompactPCI form factor board The in chassis switch minimizes external wiring and needs no extra rack height thus improving density and reliability You can manage the switch from a terminal with Telnet from a Web browser or through IPMI via the Chassis Management Module ZT7101 The ZT8101 routes and switches at full wire speed with its non blocking architecture and it has sophisticated multicast protocols to limit unnecessary traffic It provides an in chassis switch fabric that you can configure to operate in a redundant configuration Highlights Full wire speed on all ports VLAN ID tagging and priority queues Port aggregation Port mirroring Packet filtering Multicast and broadcast storm control DHCP
127. network manager and vice versa For security you can list the IP addresses of the network management stations that you want to manage the switch If you list IP addresses only those workstations have access all others will be denied You can also configure a VLAN for the network that the management stations are on and then configure the switch for this VLAN Port Configurations 22 By default the switch is configured to use auto negotiation to determine each port s speed and duplex setting The user can modify this and configure a port to use a specified configuration The Ethernet ports have the following characteristics Ethernet Port Link Speed Duplex Fast Ethernet 10 100 10 100 Mbps Half Full Gigabit Ethernet 100 1000 Mbps Full Flow Control All ports have a traffic limit because they have a limited buffer space to receive incoming frames Upon reaching the limit a port either starts dropping packets or triggers flow control The ZT8101 switch uses the following methods for flow control e 802 3x flow control The switch sends PAUSE frames which request remote ports to delay sending packets for a period of time Sending ports suspend further frame transmission until the specified time period has elapsed 802 3x compliant flow control The switch does not send PAUSE frames but it does respond to them SNMP Switch Management and Operating Concepts Back pressure The switch fakes a
128. nly or read write access IP address You can restrict access to specified IP addresses You can enter up to three IP addresses which restricts access to these specified management stations You can also specify which management agents receive the trap messages generated by the SNMP agent These trap messages are status messages that alert you of events such as authentication failure STP topology changes and link status changes on the port BOOTP DHCP Relay BOOTP and DHCP allow stations to obtain boot and TCP IP information dynamically The relay agent allows them to obtain this information when the BOOTP DHCP server is not on the same IP interface as the end station You can configure the switch so that the messages are forwarded from one interface to the appropriate server on another interface 23 Switch Management and Operating Concepts DNS Relay The Domain Name System DNS is used to map names to IP addresses DNS relay enables the switch to act as a DNS cache or proxy It forwards DNS requests to DNS servers only if it can t resolve the name from its cache If you enable DNS relay on the switch you can specify a primary and secondary DNS server to forward requests that the switch cannot resolve You can also specify that requests destined for specific DNS servers should be first serviced by looking in the switch s table Packet Forwarding The switch maintains a forwarding table This table contains the relationship betwe
129. nment errors For 100 Mbps ports the counter records the sum of CRC errors and code errors frames received with rxerror signal Small The total number of frames received that were shorter than 64 octets Undersize long excluding framing bits but including FCS octets and were otherwise well formed Long The total number of frames received that were longer than 1518 Oversize octets excluding framing bits but including FCS octets and were otherwise well formed Small with alignment error The total number of frames received that were Fragment shorter than 64 octets in length excluding framing bits but including FCS octets and had either an FCS or an alignment error Long with alignment error The total number of frames received that were Jabber longer than 1518 octets excluding framing bits but including FCS octets and had either an FCS or an alignment error Total dropped The total number of events in which packets were dropped Drop Pkts due to a lack of resources 97 Using the Web Console 98 Field Description Tx Transmitted packets Delayed The number of frames for which the first transmission attempt on a ExDefer particular interface was delayed because the medium was busy Alignment For 10 Mbps ports the counter records CRC errors FCS or CRC Error alignment errors For 100 Mbps ports the counter records the sum of CRC errors and code errors frames received with rxerror sign
130. nnot be found in the address table In this case the switch must broadcast the packet to all ports negating many of the benefits of having a switch 1 From the Main Menu select Forwarding and press Enter 2 In the MAC Address Aging Time field specify the length of time a learned MAC address can remain in the forwarding table without being accessed that is how long a learned MAC Using the Telnet Console Address is allowed to remain idle The aging time can be set to any value between 10 1 000 000 seconds The default is 300 seconds 5 minutes 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter To configure unicast MAC address forwarding Unicast addresses are used to transmit messages from a single network device to another single network device You can specify to have these addresses statically forwarded to a specified port or to have the switch drop them 1 From the Main Menu select Forwarding Unicast MAC Address Settings and press Enter 2 Toggle the Action field to Add Modify and configure these fields Field Description MAC Address Specifies the unicast MAC address in the packets Topo Specifies whether to forward the packets Static or to drop the packets yp BlackHole Specifies which port to use for forwarding the packets This option is not available if BlackHole is specified as the type VLAN Name Specifies the VLAN to which the MAC address belongs Port 3 Highlight APPLY and press
131. o log in once you have created a registered user 1 From the Login screen type in your username and press Enter 2 Type in your password and press Enter The main menu screen will be displayed based on your access level or privilege Saving Changes The ZT8101 switch has two levels of memory normal RAM and non volatile or NV RAM Configuration changes are made effective by highlighting APPLY and pressing Enter When you do this the settings are immediately applied to the switch software in RAM and immediately take effect Some settings though require you to restart the switch before they will take effect Restarting the switch erases all settings in RAM and reloads the stored settings from the NV RAM Thus it is necessary to save all setting changes to NV RAM before rebooting the switch 47 Using the Telnet Console Reboot To save changes to NV RAM 1 To retain any configuration changes permanently from the Main Menu select Save Changes and press Enter 2 Answer Yes to the confirmation prompt 1 From the Main Menu select Reboot and press Enter 2 Highlight one of these options and press Enter Option Description Reboot Restarts the switch Any configuration settings not saved using Save Changes from the Main Menu will be lost The switch s configuration will be restored to the last configuration saved in NV RAM Save Configuration amp Reboot Saves the current configuration to NV RAM
132. obability the port will be chosen as Priority the root port If two ports have the same priority the port with the lowest port number is selected For example STP chooses port 1 instead of port 5 if they both have the same priority State Enables or disables STP on the specified port or range of ports 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter The table displays this additional information about the port Column Description Connection Displays the port s speed duplex mode and flow control method Status Displays whether the port is Disabled or Forwarding STP Name Displays the assigned STP group name for the port Forwarding 66 Forwarding reduces traffic congestion on the network because packets are transmitted only to the destination port rather than to all ports The switch maintains a number of static forwarding tables which you can manually configure for MAC IP and ARP forwarding This section explains how to configure MAC address aging MAC forwarding unicast MAC address multicast MAC address and storm control IP forwarding static and default routes static ARP To configure MAC address aging A very long MAC address aging time can result in out of date dynamic entries that may cause incorrect packet filtering and forwarding decisions A very short aging time may cause entries to be aged out too soon which results in a high percentage of received packets whose source addresses ca
133. ocol allows IP addresses network masks and default gateways to be assigned by a central BOOTP server If this option is set the switch looks first for a BOOTP server to provide it with this information e DHCP The switch sends out a DHCP broadcast request when it is powered up The DHCP protocol allows IP addresses network masks and default gateways to be assigned by a DHCP server If this option is set the switch looks first for a DHCP server to provide it with this information e Manual The switch uses the entered IP address Subnet Mask and Default Gateway These entries should be of the form xxx xxx xxx xxx where each xxx is a number represented in decimal form between 0 and 255 The fields that require entries under this option are as follows IP Address This address should be a unique address on the network assigned to the switch by the network administrator Subnet Mask This is a bitmask that determines the extent of the subnet that the switch is on The value should be 255 0 0 0 for a Class A network 255 255 0 0 for a Class B network and 255 255 255 0 for a Class C network but custom subnet masks are allowed Default Gateway This IP address determines where packets with a destination address outside the current subnet are sent This is usually the address of a router or a host acting as an IP gateway If your network is not part of an intranet or you do not want the switch to be accessible outside y
134. ocols that the switch supports RIP The Routing Information Protocol RIP is a distance vector protocol that uses hop count as its criteria for making routing decisions The ZT8101 switch supports both RIP v1 and RIP v2 You can configure the following RIP options Enable or disable RIP on the switch Enable or disable transmitting RIP packets on a specific IP interface Enable or disable receiving RIP packets on a specific IP interface Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol DVMRP The Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol DVMRP is a hop based method of building multicast delivery trees from multicast sources to all network nodes Because the delivery trees are pruned and use the shortest path DVMRP is relatively efficient Because multicast group membership information is forwarded by a distance vector algorithm propagation is slow DVMRP is optimized for high delay high latency and relatively low bandwidth networks and it can be considered as a best effort multicasting protocol The switch supports DVMRP v3 38 Switch Management and Operating Concepts Protocol Independent Multicast Dense Mode PIM DM The Protocol Independent Multicast Dense Mode PIM DM protocol should be used in networks with a low delay low latency and high bandwidth because PIM DM is optimized to guarantee delivery of multicast packets not to reduce overhead The switch supports PIM DM v2 The PIM DM multicast rou
135. od that was used to enter the IP address and MAC address pair into the ARP table The possible entries are Static Dynamic and Local 3 To delete an entry from the table enter its information in the fields highlight CLEAR and press Enter Status To view GVRP status From the Main Menu select Network Monitoring GVRP and press Enter The GVRP Status screen contains the following information Field Description Number of IEEE 802 1Q VLANs eer of VLANs that have been defined for the IEEE 802 1Q VLAN ID The ID assigned to the currently displayed VLAN Current Egress Ports The ports in the VLAN that are egress ports Current Untagged Ports The ports in the VLAN that are untagged The status of the VLAN whether it is a permanent Status definition or whether the ports dynamically joined the VLAN The time the VLAN was created or last modified Creation time since switch power up relative to when the switch was last booted Note If more than one IEEE 802 1Q VLAN has been defined for the switch use CTRL N to view the status of the other VLANs To view the router ports Router ports can be either static or dynamic Static ports are ports that you manually configure to route UDP multicast packets Dynamic ports are added by the switch when the switch detects UDP multicast packets and IGMP multicast group membership reports on a port 1 From the Main Menu select Network Monitoring Router
136. of memory a port can use to hold packets When a port reaches this limit the port sends a signal to slow down the packets coming in Ports in half duplex mode assert a jamming signal Ports in full duplex mode send PAUSE frames You can set the flow control thresholds for individual ports and then monitor the status IP Forwarding You can configure how packets are forwarded based on their IP address by configuring entries for the ARP table and the routing table ARP Table The ARP table maintains the mappings from Internet addresses IP to hardware addresses MAC There are two types of ARP entries dynamic and static When a static ARP entry is added to the switch s ARP table the switch does not send an ARP query to the configured IP address This allows the switch to connect to devices that have not implement ARP The ARP table has the following characteristics Static entries have higher precedence than dynamic entries Therefore a static entry will not be overwritten by a dynamic entry The aging time for dynamic entries is 20 minutes This value is not configurable The table can be up to 2 KB in size Up to 32 static entries are allowed in the table 25 Switch Management and Operating Concepts Priority Filtering 26 Router Ports Router ports allow multicast packets to be propagated throughout the network Router ports can be either static or dynamic Static router ports are special routes
137. on the switch DNS Static Table Lookup Status P or disables the DNS Static Table Lookup function on the 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter 4 If you enabled DNS Static Table Lookup highlight Static Table Configuration and press Enter 5 Toggle the Action field to Add and configure these fields Field Description Domain Name Specifies the name of the DNS server IP Address Specifies the IP address of the DNS relay server Status Enables or disables the entry for static look up 6 Highlight APPLY and press Enter to make the change current 7 To modify an entry in the table toggle the Action field to Modify enter the changes highlight APPLY and press Enter 8 Use Save Changes on the Main Menu to enter the table into NV RAM Network Monitoring This section explains how to monitor the following aspects of the switch Port Statistics packets errors and utilization Address Tables MAC IP routing and ARP e Status switch history router port table IP multicast forwarding table and other such tables Port Statistics To view port utilization 1 From the Main Menu select Network Monitoring Port Utilization and press Enter 2 To change the refresh interval toggle the Refresh Interval field to a new value 3 To clear the statistics and gather new information highlight CLEAR COUNTERS and press Enter 57 Using the Telnet Console The Port Utilization screen
138. onsole The table displays this information about the ports Field Description Port The port number Flow Control Threshold The current value of the flow control threshold Drop Packet A status field that indicates whether the port is currently dropping packets A status field that indicates whether the port is currently implementing flow Flow Control Status control A status filed that indicates the port s speed duplex mode and flow control Port Connection mede To configure static IP routes 1 In the left panel click Forwarding 2 In the top panel under IP Forwarding click Static Default Routes 3 Click New and configure these fields Field Description IP Address Specifies the IP address to be statically entered into the IP forwarding table Subnet Mask Specifies the corresponding subnet mask for the IP address Gateway IP Specifies the address of the next hop gateway for the IP address This is y usually a router with a connection to a WAN or the Internet Specifies the Routing Information Protocol RIP metric This is the number Metric of hops between the IP address and the gateway This is a number between 1 15 4 Click Apply 5 To delete a route select the entry in the static default route table and click Delete To configure static ARP The ARP table maps an IP address to a device s MAC address 1 In the left panel click Forwarding 2 In th
139. ord with a grounded plug The enclosure is also provided with a separate Earth ground connection stud The Earth ground connection should be installed prior to the application of power or peripheral connections and should never be disconnected while power or peripheral connections exist To reduce the possibility of electric shock from a telephone or Ethernet system plug your enclosure into the power source before making these connects Disconnect these connections before unplugging your enclosure from the power source Warning Verify Power Cord and Outlet Compatibility Check to ensure you are using the appropriate power cords for your power outlet configurations Visit the following Web site for additional information http kropla com electric2 htm Rack Mount Enclosure Safety Your enclosure may be intended for stationary rack mounting Mount in a rack designed to meet the physical strength requirements of NEBS GR 63 CORE and NEBS GR 487 Your system may have multiple power sources Disconnect all power sources and external connections cables prior to installing or removing your system from a rack frame Prior to mounting Intel recommends that you remove all hot swappable equipment for optimum weight reduction Be sure to mount your system in a way that ensures even loading of the rack Uneven mechanical loading of weight can result in a hazardous condition Secure all mounting bolts when installing the enclosure to the frame rack
140. ort on the ZT8101 switch guarantees that all ports of a multi port router which are attached to the switch can reach all multicast group members through the attached router s other ports A router port interacts with multicast packets in these ways AIL IGMP report packets will be forwarded to the router port GMP queries from the router port will be flooded to all ports AIL UDP multicast packets will be forwarded to the router port Because routers do not send IGMP reports or implement IGMP snooping a multi port router connected to the router port of the Layer 3 switch would not be able to receive UDP data streams from its ports unless the UDP multicast packets were all forwarded to the router port A router port will be dynamically configured when IGMP query packets RIPv2 multicast DVMRP multicast PIM DM multicast packets are detected flowing into a port To configure a static router port 1 In the left panel click Layer 3 IP Networking 2 In the top panel click Static Router Port Settings 3 Click New and configure these fields Field Description Specifies the name of the VLAN that you want to configure a static router VLAN Name port for Specifies the ports that you want to set up as static router ports To selecta Port Members port click the port 4 Click Apply 5 To delete an entry from the table select the entry and click Delete 120 Agency Approvals A CE Certification
141. oss on a link Enter a value between 2 255 Robustness Variable The default is 2 Specifies the maximum time the switch can wait for IGMP member reports Max Response Enter a value between 1 25 The default is 10 seconds Enables or disables learning about IGMP groups If enabled the switch State limits multicast forwarding to active member ports 5 Click Apply The following conditions affect the fields on the IGMP snooping screen The switch IGMP snooping flag must be enabled for these settings to have any effect f the IGMP settings have been enabled for the IP interface associated with the VLAN you select the only field available on the IGMP snooping screen is the State field 117 Using the Web Console To configure IGMP for an IP interface TS dpa sper Configure these fields In the left panel click Layer 3 IP Networking In the top panel under IP Multicast Routing Protocols click IGMP Interface Configurations Select an interface and click Edit Field Description Version Specifies the version number of IGMP to be used with the IP interface Select between 1 and 2 Query Interval Specifies the time in seconds between the transmission of IGMP query packets Enter a value between 1 65535 seconds The default is 125 Max Response Time Specifies the maximum time the switch can wait for reports from members Enter a value between 1 25 The default is 10
142. our local network you can leave this field unchanged 89 Using the Web Console Serial Port Settings The Serial Port Settings screen allows the configuration of the switch s serial port which is on the front panel Terminals must match these settings to connect to the switch 1 In the left panel click Serial Port Settings 2 Configure these fields Field Description Sets the serial bit rate that will be used for communication the next time the switch is restarted This setting applies only when the serial port is being used for out of band management Available speeds are 9600 19 200 38 400 and 115 200 bits per second The default setting is 9600 Baud Rate Sets the time the interface can be idle before the switch automatically logs Auto Logout out the user The options are Never 2 5 10 or 15 minutes Values for data bits the number of bits used to represent one character of data and stop bits the number of bits used to mark the end of a unit of transmission are displayed but are not configurable 3 Click Apply Port Configurations You can enable or disable a specific port and set its speed and duplex state 1 In the left panel click Port Configurations 2 Use the drop down menu to select the port you want to configure The Port Type and Connection fields will display the port s current information 3 Configure these fields Field Description State Enables or disables the
143. perform the designated action such as APPLY or SAVE The default mode for an Edit field is insert You can use the Insert key to toggle between insert and overstrike The APPLY button or CTRL A only applies for the current session Use Save Changes from the Main Menu for permanent changes Save Changes enters the current switch configuration into non volatile RAM for use the next time the switch is rebooted Connecting to the Switch You can use this interface by connecting an RS 232C serial cable to the switch s front panel serial port and to a VT100 compatible terminal or to a computer running an ordinary terminal emulator program for example the terminal program included with the Windows operating system Set the terminal parameters to these values VT 100 ANSI compatible 43 Using the Telnet Console 44 Note 9 600 baud 8 data bits No parity One stop bit Noflow control You can also access the same functions over a Telnet interface Once you have set an IP address for your switch you can use a Telnet program in VT 100 compatible terminal mode to access and control the switch All of the screens are identical whether accessed from the serial port or from a Telnet interface To log in to the switch the first time cea 9 The passwords used to access the switch are case sensitive therefore S is not the same as s When you first connect to the switch a login screen appear
144. ption allows you to enter a port number The VLAN option allows you to enter a VLAN name 3 Highlight BROWSE and press Enter to populate the table 59 Using the Telnet Console The following information is displayed for each MAC address Column Description VID The VLAN ID of the VLAN the port is a member of VLAN Name The name of the VLAN MAC Address The MAC address Port The port corresponding to this MAC address CPU is used to identify the MAC address for the switch How the switch discovered the MAC address The possible entries are Type Dynamic Self and Static Self is used to identify the MAC address for the Switch 4 To clear all entries and force the switch to rebuild the table highlight CLEAR ALL and press Enter If you have selected to browse by port you will have the option of clearing all the entries for the specified port To view the IP address table 1 From the Main Menu select Network Monitoring IP Address Table and press Enter 2 To find a particular IP address enter the IP address in the Jump to IP Address field highlight FIND and press Enter To find all IP address known by the switch enter 0 0 0 0 for the IP address The following information is displayed about each IP address Column Description Interface The name of the IP interface corresponding to the IP address IP Address The IP address corresponding to the IP interface name Port
145. r Upload History Log to TFTP Server KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK Ck Ck Ck Ck Ck ck Ck ck Sk Sk A AX Function Message CTRL T Main Menu Esc Previous screen CTRL R Refresh 53 Using the Telnet Console Note 54 To update firmware The switch is rebooted after new firmware is downloaded If you have any current settings that you have not saved to non volatile RAM use the Save Changes option on the Main Menu before starting these steps 1 From the Main Menu select Switch Utilities Download Firmware from TFTP Server and press Enter 2 In the Server IP Address field enter the IP address of the TFTP server 3 In the Path Filename field enter the path and the filename to the firmware file on the TFTP server based from the root of the server 4 Highlight SAVE SETTINGS and press Enter This saves the IP address of the TFTP server so that the next time you access this screen you won t have to enter the address or the path filename 5 To start the download highlight DOWNLOAD and press Enter When the download is completed the switch automatically reboots and executes the new runtime firmware If FLASH becomes corrupted because you lose power when upgrading the firmware you must use Zmodem to fix the problem See Upgrading Firmware through Zmodem on page 19 To download a configuration file 1 From the Main Menu select Switch Utilities Download Configura
146. rameters 28 The ZT8101 switch allows for two levels of operation the switch level and the port level The switch level forms a spanning tree consisting of links between one or more switches The port level constructs a spanning tree consisting of groups of one or more ports The STP operates in much the same way for both levels Onthe switch level STP calculates the Bridge Identifier for each switch and then sets the Root Bridge and the Designated Bridges e On the port level STP sets the Root Port and the Designated Ports The factory default settings should cover the majority of installations Setting up STP using values other than the defaults can be complex Therefore we recommend that you keep the default factory settings and STP will automatically assign root bridges ports and block loop connections Influencing STP to choose a particular switch as the root bridge using the Priority setting or influencing STP to choose a particular port to block using the Port Priority and Port Cost settings is however relatively simple For example if all switches have STP enabled with default settings the switch with the lowest MAC address in the network becomes the root switch By increasing the priority lowering the priority number of the best switch STP can be forced to select the best switch as the root switch Switch Management and Operating Concepts STP Parameters for the Switch Level The following are the user configurable ST
147. rations and press Enter 2 Configure these fields Field Description Specifies a string of up to 20 characters used for authentication of clients Community String wanting access to the switch s SNMP agent Specifies the level of access for an authorized client Use the spacebar to Rights toggle between Read and R W read write Specifies whether the current string is Enabled or Disabled This is used to Status temporarily limit access to the switch s SNMP agent Use the spacebar to toggle between Enabled and Disabled 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter To configure trap recipients The Trap Recipient Setup screen allows you to specify which management stations receive authentication failure messages or other trap messages from the switch Up to three trap recipients may be entered 1 From the Main Menu select Network Management SNMP Configurations Trap Recipients Setup and press Enter 2 Configure these fields Field Description Specifies the IP address of the management station that will receive traps IP Address generated by the switch Specifies a string of up to 20 characters used for authentication of users wanting to receive traps from the switch s SNMP agent This is similar to a password in that stations that do not know the correct string cannot receive or request SNMP information from the switch SNMP Community String Enables or disables the selected community
148. re storm control seen 108 To configure advanced traffic control esses 108 To configure static IP routes ssesseeeeennen 109 To configure static ARP sss eene 109 IP Address Filtering uite ire rte en itte ATARAR eek 110 To specify an IP address for filtering seeseeesssseeeeesssss 110 MAC Address Priority essssssssesssssssssesee eene nnne nne nnns nenne 110 To set up a MAC address priority sesessseseeeese 110 Mirroring Configurations ssssssessseseeeeene ener enne nnne nnne 111 To configure a port for mirroring eeennmn 111 VLAN Configurations sssssssssssseses ener nennen senten nennen nens 112 To configure GVRP globally essen 112 To configure a port based VLAN sssee eme 112 To configure an 802 1Q VLAN ssssssssseeeneneeenen rennen 112 To configure member ports of an 802 1Q VLAN 113 Contents Link Aggregation eeeeseseeseseseseeeseeeeeee nennen nennen nennen E nnne nenne 113 To configure a link aggregation group eee 114 Layer 3 IP Networking crenis nennen nnnm nennen nennen nnne nennen enn nnnas 114 Setting Up IP Interfaces ssssssssssssesssssseseenee enne nnne entrent 114 To set up IP interfaces on the switch
149. ription Specifies the name of the IP interface you want to configure The IP address Interface Name field displays the address which corresponds to the entered IP interface Specifies the version number of IGMP to be used with the IP interface Use Version the spacebar to toggle between 1 and 2 Specifies the time in seconds between the transmission of IGMP query Query Interval packets Enter a value between 1 65535 seconds The default is 125 Specifies the maximum time the switch can wait for reports from members Max Response Time Enter a value between 1 25 The default is 10 seconds Specifies the permitted packet loss on a link Enter a value between 1 255 Robustness Variable The default is 2 State Enables or disables IGMP on this IP interface 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter Note When IGMP is enabled on an interface the switch IGMP snooping flag is set to Enabled and becomes a read only parameter DVMRP Interface Configuration The Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol DVMRP is a hop based method of building multicast delivery trees from multicast sources to all nodes of a network Because the delivery trees are pruned and use the shortest path DVMRP is relatively efficient Because multicast group membership information is forwarded by a distance vector algorithm propagation is slow DVMRP is optimized for high delay high latency and relatively low bandwi
150. rking 2 In the top panel under IP Interface Settings click RIP Status 3 In the RIP field select either Disabled or Enabled 4 Click Apply To configure RIP interface settings An IP Interface must be defined before you can configure its RIP settings 1 In the left panel click Layer 3 IP Networking 2 In the top panel under IP Interface Settings click RIP Interface Settings 3 Select the interface you want to configure and click Edit 115 Using the Web Console 4 Configure these fields Field Description Tx Mode Specifies which version of the RIP protocol will be used to transmit RIP packets This field toggles between Disabled V1 Only V1 Compatible and V2 Only Disabled prevents the transmission of RIP packets Rx Mode Specifies which version of the RIP protocol will be used to interpret received RIP packets This field toggles between Disabled V1 Only V2 Only and V1 and V2 Disabled prevents the reception of RIP packets Authentication Enables or disables authentication between routers When authentication is enabled a password is used to authenticate communication between routers on the network Authentication is only supported when RIP is in V1 Compatible or V2 mode Password Specifies the password to be used to authenticate communication between routers on the network 5 Click Apply Multicast Global Configurations The Multicast Global Configurations s
151. rotocol in use by the link to the destination To view the ARP table The Address Resolution Protocol ARP table allows the switch to relate often used IP addresses to MAC addresses quickly and without having to make ARP requests 1 In the left panel click Network Monitoring 2 In the top panel under Tables click ARP Table 3 In the entry boxes enter the following information Field Description Interface Name Specifies the IP interface name to start the display of the ARP table Specifies of an IP address to start the display of the ARP table To find all IP Address entries associated with an IP interface enter 0 0 0 0 for the IP address 4 Click Find 100 Status Using the Web Console The following ARP information is displayed Field Description Interface Name The IP interface name corresponding to the IP address IP Address The IP address that corresponds to the MAC address MAC Address The MAC address that corresponds to the IP address Type The method that was used to enter the MAC address and IP address pair into the ARP table The possible entries are Static Dynamic and Local To view GVRP Status 1 In the left panel click Network Monitoring 2 In the top panel under Status click GVRP Status The screen contains this information Field Description IEEE 802 1Q VLAN ID The ID assigned to the currently displayed VLAN The status of the VLAN whe
152. roup uses the switch level parameters entered above with the addition of port priority and port cost An STP group spanning tree works in the same way as the switch level spanning tree but the root bridge concept is replaced with a root port concept A root port is a port of the group that is elected on the basis of port priority and port cost to be the connection to the network for the group Redundant links will be blocked just as redundant links are blocked on the switch level An STP port group should correspond to a VLAN group of ports 1 From the Main Menu select Spanning Tree Port Settings and press Enter 65 Using the Telnet Console 2 Configure these fields Field Description Specifies the range of ports to view The Fast Ethernet ports are displayed View Ports for configuration in groups of 12 and the two gigabit Ethernet ports are displayed together Specifies a specific port or range of ports to configure To configure a Configure Port specific port enter the port number in both the from and to field Specifies the port cost It can be set between 1 65535 The lower the cost the greater the probability the port will be chosen as the designated port chosen to forward packets The default value for the 10 100 ports is 19 and for the 100 1000 ports it is 4 Port Cost Specifies the port priority It can be set between 0 255 The default is 128 The lower the priority the greater the pr
153. rwarding table in which case the switch will broadcast the packet to all ports negating many of the benefits of having a switch Static forwarding entries are not affected by the aging time MAC Address Forwarding The switch allows you to configure how unicast and multicast packets are forwarded 24 Switch Management and Operating Concepts e For unicast packets you specify the MAC address and then either select the port that they will be forwarded to or have them dropped called BlackHole For multicast packets you specify the MAC address and then select the ports they can be forwarded to Storm Control You can also set thresholds to control broadcast and multicast storms When the threshold is exceeded the switch drops the multicast or broadcast traffic When traffic levels drop below the threshold the switch resumes forwarding the traffic again The thresholds are applied to all Ethernet ports and cannot be set for individual ports The threshold specifies in thousands the number of broadcast or multicast packets per second a port can receive before triggering a storm control response The possible range is 0 255 KB packets per second This threshold can be configured to apply to broadcast packets to multicast packets or to both Traffic Control You can also set thresholds for the amount of traffic a port can handle before triggering flow control The flow control threshold sets the limit for the maximum amount
154. ry default settings configure these fields Field Default Description Max Age 20 Specifies the maximum time in seconds the switch will wait for a configuration message from the root bridge At the end of this time the switch will start sending out its own configuration messages for permission to become the root bridge The device with the lowest bridge identifier becomes the root bridge see the Priority field Max Age must be set within the following range The minimum value is the higher of 6 or 2 x Hello Time 1 The maximum value is the lower of 40 or 2 x Forward Delay 1 Hello Time Specifies the time interval in seconds between two configuration messages The root bridge sends these messages at this interval to inform all other devices that it is the root bridge This time will be used if and when your Switch becomes the root bridge It can be set from 1 10 seconds The Hello Time cannot be longer than the Max Age Otherwise a configuration error occurs Using the Telnet Console Field Default Description Forward Delay Specifies the maximum time in seconds the root device will wait before changing states for example from listening to blocking from blocking to forwarding This delay is required because every device must receive information about topology changes before it starts to forward packets In addition each port needs time to listen
155. s Dst destination Packets with the above IP address as their destination will be dropped Src source Packets with the above IP address as their source will be dropped Ejither All packets with the above IP address will be dropped Source Destination 4 Highlight APPLY and press Enter 5 To remove an entry toggle the Action field to Delete enter the IP address and the direction highlight APPLY and press Enter MAC Address Priority You can specify a MAC address so that packets with this address are given special handling either a higher or lower priority than normal traffic Note If flow control is enabled a small of amount of low priority traffic may be forwarded before high priority traffic 1 From the Main Menu select MAC Address Priority and press Enter 2 Toggle the Action field to Add Modify and configure these fields Field Description VLAN Name Specifies the name of VLAN on which this MAC address resides MAC Address Specifies the MAC address to set a priority for Specifies the priority for this MAC address The levels are 0 7 with 7 User Priority being the highest priority Specifies the state under which the above priority will be active The options are Dst destination Packets with the above MAC address as their destination will be given the selected priority Src source Packets with the above MAC address as their source will be given th
156. s 1 Ina command window enter Telnet IP address Replace IP address with the address assigned to the switch 2 In the Username field press Enter There is no initial username 3 In the Password field press Enter There is no initial password The Main Menu appears The first created user automatically has Admin privileges One of your first configuration tasks should be to create at least one Admin level user for the switch to protect it from unauthorized users Press CTRL R to refresh the screen This command can be used at any time to force the console program in the switch to refresh the console screen If the arrow keys don t work check your terminal preferences and make sure you have enabled VT 100 Arrows Using the Telnet Console Main Menu The Main Menu has these options ZT8101 Switch Management Layer 3 Switch Main Menu Basic Setup Advanced Setup Switch Information Spanning Tree Basic Switch Setup Forwarding Serial Port Settings IP Address Filtering Port Configurations MAC Address Priority User Accounts Mirroring Configurations Network Management VLAN Configurations Switch Utilities Link Aggregation Network Monitoring Layer 3 IP Networking Setup Save Changes Logout Reboot Ck ck ck Sk KKK KKK KKK ck kk kk ck ck kk ck KKK KKK kk ck ck kk ck ck KKK KKK KKK ck kc ck kk ck ck KKK KKK FERE EEk EEk kk kkk Function Browse switch information Message For Help press F1 Basic Setup Swit
157. s setting applies only when the serial port is being used for out of band management Available speeds are 9600 19 200 38 400 and 115 200 bits per second The default setting is 9600 Baud Rate Sets the time the interface can be idle before the switch automatically logs Auto kogout out the user The options are Never 2 5 10 or 15 minutes Values for data bits the number of bits used to represent one character of data and stop bits the number of bits used to mark the end of a unit of transmission are displayed but are not configurable 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter Port Configurations You can enable or disable a specific port and set its speed and duplex state 1 From the Main Menu select Port Configurations and press Enter 2 Using the spacebar toggle the View Ports field to view the ports you want to configure 3 To configure a specific port in the Configure Port field enter the port number or a range of ports To configure a single port enter that port number in both the To and From field 52 Using the Telnet Console 4 Use the spacebar to toggle these fields to the appropriate value Field Description State Enables or disables the currently selected ports Specifies the speed and full or half duplex state of the ports For 100 Mpbs Speed Duplex ports the choices are Auto 10 Half 10 Full 100 Half and 100 Full For gigabit ports the choices are Auto 1000 Full and 100 Full
158. seconds Robustness Variable Specifies the permitted packet loss on a link Enter a value between 1 255 The default is 2 State Enables or disables IGMP on this IP interface 5 Click Apply DVMRP Interface Configurations 118 The Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol DVMRP is a hop based method of building multicast delivery trees from multicast sources to all nodes of a network Because the delivery trees are pruned and use the shortest path DVMRP is relatively efficient Because multicast group membership information is forwarded by a distance vector algorithm propagation is slow DVMRP is optimized for high delay high latency and relatively low bandwidth networks and it can be considered as a best effort multicasting protocol To configure DVMRP for an IP interface Tx As des us Configure these fields In the left panel click Layer 3 IP Networking In the top panel click DVMRP Interface Configurations Select the interface and click Edit Field Description Neighbor Timeout Interval Specifies the maximum interval the switch will wait to hear from a neighbor If this interval expires the switch assumes that this neighbor is down Enter a value from 1 65535 The default is 35 Probe Interval Specifies the interval between probes A probe is a query to other routers to determine if a multicast group is present on a given router subnetwork Enter a value from
159. select VLAN Configurations Configure VLAN Settings and press Enter 2 Toggle the Action field to Add Modify and configure these fields Field Description VLAN Name Specifies the name of the VLAN for which ports are to be configured The name can be up to 32 characters Once created a VLAN name cannot be modified VLAN Type Specifies the type of VLAN Use the spacebar to toggle the type to Port Based VLAN Membership Specifies the status of the port You can enter the status indicators of individual ports directly from the keyboard or you can use the spacebar to toggle between M and M member Designates the port as a static member non member Designates the port as not being a member of the VLAN 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter To create or modify an 802 1Q VLAN 1 From the Main Menu select VLAN Configurations Configure VLAN Settings and press Enter 2 Using the spacebar toggle the Action field to Add Modify 3 Configure these fields Field Description Specifies the name of the VLAN for which ports are to be configured The VLAN Name name can be up to 32 characters Once created the name cannot be modified 72 Using the Telnet Console Field Description VLAN Type Specifies the type of VLAN Use the spacebar to toggle the type to 1Q VLAN VID Specifies an identifier for the VLAN Enter a number from 2 4094
160. serial port is usually used only for initial set up such as configuring the switch s IP address or when the network is down It can also be used to upgrade the switch s firmware with Zmodem Telnet The switch s embedded Telnet server allows users from remote systems which are running a Telnet application over TCP IP to log in to the switch configure it and view the status of and statistics from the ports The current implementation allow eight 8 Telnet sessions to be active at the same time Web The switch s embedded Web server allows users from remote systems which are running a Web browser to log in to the switch configure it and view the status of and statistics from the ports The current implementation allows five HTTP sessions to be active at the same time The switch also contains the following utilities e Ping The Ping utility invokes the ICMP echo request and echo reply messages A host or gateway sends an ICMP echo request message to a specified destination Any computer that receives an echo request formulates an echo reply and transmits it to the original sender The echo request and associated reply can be used to test whether a destination is reachable and responding Five ping sessions can be supported simultaneously TFTP This protocol is used to transfer files without any kind of authentication It runs on top of UDP using timeout and retransmission to ensure that data arrives The switch s TFTP client a
161. servers to the appropriate subnets To enable the BOOTP DHCP relay agent 1 From the Main Menu select Switch Utilities BOOTP DHCP Relay and press Enter 55 Using the Telnet Console 2 Configure these fields Field Description BOOTP DHCP Relay Status Enables or disables the BOOTP DHCP relay function Sets the maximum number of hops routers that the BOOTP messages can be relayed through If a packet s hop count is more than the hop count limit the packet is dropped The range is between 1 16 hops The default value is 4 BOOTP HOPS Count Limit Sets the minimum time in seconds that the switch will wait before forwarding a request packet If the value in the BOOTP DHCP Relay Time Threshold seconds field of the packet is less than the relay time threshold the packet will be dropped The range is between 1 9999 seconds The default value is 0 seconds 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter 4 If you enabled BOOTP DHCP Relay highlight BOOTP DHCP Relay Interface Configuration and press Enter 5 Toggle the Action field to Add and configure these fields Field Description Specifies the subnet name IP interface name of the network that the Interface Name BOOTP or DHCP server is located on Specifies the IP address of the BOOTP or DHCP relay server Multiple BOOTP DHCP Sever servers may be entered for a given subnet name IP interface name 6 Highlight APPLY and
162. should give each a unique name Location Specifies the area or location where the switch resides Contact Specifies the contact person for the switch Spanning Tree Indicates whether STP is enabled or disabled GVRP Indicates whether the Group VLAN Registration Protocol is enabled or disabled IGMP Snooping Indicates whether the Internet Group Management Protocol Snooping is enabled or disabled RIP Indicates whether the Routing Information Protocol is enabled or disabled Indicates whether Protocol Independent Multicast Dense Mode is enabled or PIM DM disabled DVMRP Indicates whether the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol is enabled or disabled Basic Switch Setup Use the Basic Switch Setup screen to set the boot up option for obtaining an IP address or to manually assign an IP address for the switch 1 In the left panel click Basic Switch Setup This screen displays the current settings and allows you to configure these fields in the New Switch IP Settings form 2 To configure the IP address configure these fields Parameter Default Description Specifies the method for assigning the switch an IP address Get IP From Manual BOOTP Far mere Monat bod fisse options eats descriptions below IP Address 10 90 90 90 Specifies the IP address assigned to the switch 88 Using the Web Console Parameter Default Description Specifies the su
163. spective subnet names or IP interface names When the switch receives packets destined for a BOOTP or DHCP server it forwards them to specific servers as defined in the following configuration The switch also forwards packets from the BOOTP or DHCP servers to the appropriate subnets To enable the BOOTP DHCP relay agent you must configure both the BOOT DHCP Relay form and the Static Setup form To configure the BOOTP DHCP relay agent You must configure the relay agent so it can determine whether or not to forward a given BOOTP DCHP packet 1 In the left panel click Switch Utilities 2 In the top panel under Others click BOOTP DHCP Relay Using the Web Console 3 Configure these fields Field Description BOOTP DHCP Relay Status Enables or disables the BOOTP DHCP relay function Sets the maximum number of hops routers that the BOOTP HE messages can be relayed through If a packet s hop count is BOOTP Hope Gaunt Limit more than the hop count limit the packet is dropped The range is between 1 16 hops The default value is 4 Sets the minimum time in seconds that the switch will wait before forwarding a BOOTREQUEST packet If the value in BOOTP DHCP Relay Time Threshold the seconds field of the packet is less than the relay time threshold the packet will be dropped The range is between 1 9999 seconds The default value is 4 seconds 4 Click Apply To configure the static BOOTP relay
164. string This is used to Status temporarily limit a station from receiving traps generated by the switch Use the spacebar to toggle between Enabled and Disabled 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter 51 Using the Telnet Console To configure the access list You can specify the IP addresses of up to three management stations that will be allowed access to the management agent of the switch If you enter IP addresses in this form only the management stations with those IP addresses are allowed to access the management agent of the switch All other IP addresses will be blocked 1 From the Main Menu select Network Management Access List Setup and press Enter 2 Configure these fields Field Description Specifies the IP addresses of the management stations that you want to IP Address access to the switch s management agent Specifies the ZT8101 switch port that the management station will use for RON access Enter a number from 1 26 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter Serial Port Settings The Serial Port Settings screen allows the configuration of the switch s serial port which is on the front panel Terminals must match these settings to connect to the switch 1 From the Main Menu select Serial Port Settings and press Enter 2 Configure these fields Field Description Sets the serial bit rate that will be used for communication the next time the switch is restarted Thi
165. t 2 In the top panel click SNMP Community Setup 3 Configure these fields Field Description Community String Specifies a string of up to 20 characters used for authentication of users wanting access to the switch s SNMP agent Rights Specifies the level of access for an authorized user The level can be Read Only or Read Write Status Specifies whether the current string is Enabled or Disabled This is used to temporarily limit access to the switch s SNMP agent 4 Click Apply To configure trap recipients The trap recipient screen allows you to specify which management stations will receive authentication failure messages or other trap messages from the switch Up to three trap recipients may be entered 1 In the left panel click Network Management 2 In the top panel click SNMP Trap Recipients 3 Configure these fields Field Description IP Address Specifies the IP address of the management station that will receive traps generated by the switch SNMP Community String Specifies a string of up to 20 characters used for authentication of users wanting to receive traps from the switch s SNMP agent This is similar to a password in that stations that do not know the correct string cannot receive or request SNMP information from the switch Status Enables or disables the selected community string This is used to temporarily limit a station from r
166. t uses the hop count as its criteria for making routing decisions RIP is an Interior Gateway Protocol IGP which means that it performs routing within a single autonomous system To configure RIP 1 From the Main Menu select Layer 3 IP Networking Setup RIP Configurations and press Enter 2 Using the space bar toggle the RIP Status field to Enabled or Disabled This function allows the RIP protocol to be turned on or off without changing the RIP setup 3 Highlight APPLY and press Enter 4 On the RIP Configurations menu select RIP Interface Settings 75 Using the Telnet Console 5 Configure these fields Field Description Interface Name Specifies the name of the IP interface on which RIP is to be set up This interface must be previously configured on the switch Specifies which version of the RIP protocol will be used to transmit RIP TX Mode packets This field toggles between Disabled V1 Only V1 Compatible and V2 Only Disabled prevents the transmission of RIP packets Specifies which version of the RIP protocol will be used to interpret received RX Mode RIP packets This field toggles between Disabled V1 Only V2 Only and V1 and V2 Disabled prevents the reception of RIP packets Authentication Enables or disables authentication between routers When authentication is enabled a password is used to authenticate communication between routers on the network Authentication is only support
167. tal number of bytes or frames received or transmitted per sec Using the Web Console Address Tables To view the MAC address table 1 In the left panel click Network Monitoring 2 In the top panel under Tables click MAC Address Table 3 Select how you want to view the MAC addresses Search Table By VLAN Allows you to enter a VLAN name and find all known MAC addresses on that VLAN Search Table By MAC Address Allows you to enter a specific MAC address or 00 00 00 00 00 00 to list all known MAC addresses Search Table By Port Allows you to enter a port number and find all MAC addresses known by that port 4 Click Find The following information is displayed about each MAC address Field Description VID The VLAN ID of the VLAN the port is a member of VLAN Name The name of the VLAN corresponding to the MAC address MAC Address The MAC address of a device Port The port corresponding to the MAC address earned How the switch discovered the MAC address The possible entries are Dynamic Self and Static Self is used to identify the switch To view the IP address table 1 In the left panel click Network Monitoring 2 In the top panel under Tables click IP Address Table 3 In the Start IP Address field enter the IP address that you want the table to display first The default value is 0 0 0 0 which displays all IP addresses in numerical order 4 Click Find
168. tatic routes to make the shared resources accessible Determine how each subnet will communicate with the WAN or Internet A gain static routes should be determined and default gateways identified Develop a security scheme Some subnets on the network need more security or should be isolated from the other subnets You can use MAC and IP filtering You can also configure one or more VLANs on the Layer 3 switch without an IP subnet Without a subnet mask these 81 Using the Web Console VLANs function as a Layer 2 VLAN and require an external router to connect to the rest of the network Develop a policy scheme Some subnets will have a greater need for multicasting bandwidth for example A policy is a mechanism to alter the normal packet forwarding in a network device and can be used to intelligently allocate bandwidth to time critical applications such as the integration of voice video and data on the network Develop a redundancy scheme Planning redundant links and routes to network critical resources can save valuable time in case a link or device fails You can use the Spanning Tree Protocol to block the redundant link until it is needed VLAN Layout VLANs on the ZT8101 switch have more functions than on a traditional Layer 2 switch and must therefore be laid out and configured with a more care Layer 3 VLANs could be thought of as network links rather than as a collection of associated end users Further Layer 3 VLANs
169. ted Log Text Text describing the event that triggered the history log entry Advanced Setup Most of the following options can be configured independently of the other options However you must configure a VLAN before you can configure an IP interface for it Spanning Tree Protocol The Spanning Tree Protocol STP prevents loops in a network by allowing only one active path between any two network devices at a time For more information about using this protocol refer to Spanning Tree Concepts in chapter 3 STP operates on two levels On the switch level the settings are globally implemented On the port level the settings are implemented on a user defined group basis STP must be enabled on the switch for it to be enabled on a particular port To configure STP switch settings 1 In the left panel click Spanning Tree 2 In the top panel click STP Switch Settings 3 In the Status field select to Enabled or Disabled 104 Using the Web Console 4 Configure the following fields The factory default settings should cover the majority of installations and most installations should keep these default settings Field Default Description Max Age 20 Specifies the maximum time in seconds the switch will wait for a configuration message from the root bridge At the end of this time the switch will start sending out its own configuration messages for permission to become the root bridge
170. the switch Contact Specifies the name of the person responsible for the switch 4 Highlight APPLY and press Enter Get IP From Description The switch uses the Get IP From setting to determine where to get its IP address You must use the Manual option if you want to configure multiple IP interfaces The manual option is also more convenient if you are going to manage the switch with Telnet Console or Web Console Both of these consoles require you to know the IP address and although BOOTP DHCP usually assign the same IP address when a device reboots there is no guarantee BOOTP The switch sends out a BOOTP broadcast request when it is powered up The BOOTP protocol allows IP addresses network masks and default gateways to be assigned by a central BOOTP server If this option is set the switch looks first for a BOOTP server to provide it with this information e DHCP The switch sends out a DHCP broadcast request when it is powered up The DHCP protocol allows IP addresses network masks and default gateways to be assigned by a DHCP server If this option is set the switch looks first for a DHCP server to provide it with this information Manual The switch uses the entered IP address Subnet Mask and Default Gateway These entries should be of the form xxx xxx xxx xxx where each xxx is a number represented in decimal form between 0 255 This option requires entries in these fields IP Address This ad
171. ther it is a permanent Status definition or whether the ports dynamically joined the VLAN The time the VLAN was created or last modified Creation time since switch power up relative to when the switch was last booted Current Egress Ports The ports in the VLAN which are egress ports Current Untagged Ports The ports in the VLAN which are untagged The number of VLANs that have been defined for the Number of IEEE 802 1Q VLANs S With If more than one IEEE 802 1Q VLAN has been defined for the switch click Next to view the status of the other VLANs To view router ports Router ports can be either static or dynamic Static ports are ports that you manually configure to route UDP multicast packets Dynamic ports are added by the switch when the switch detects UDP multicast packets and IGMP multicast group membership reports on a port 1 In the left panel click Network Monitoring 2 In the top panel under Status click Router Ports 3 In the VLAN field enter the name of the VLAN to search for router ports 4 Click Find The Router Port table contains the VLAN name and under the port groupings 1 to 8 9 to 16 17 to 24 and 25 to 26 a port is assigned an S if the port is a static router port a D if the port has been dynamically assigned to be a router port or a if the port is not a router port 101 Using the Web Console To view IGMP snooping status 1 In the left panel cl
172. thernet Switch MAC Address Specifies the unique MAC address assigned to the switch This address is not configurable Boot PROM Version Specifies the version of the switch s boot code Firmware Version Specifies the version of the firmware installed on the switch You can update this using a switch utility Hardware Version Specifies the hardware version of the main board Device S N Specifies the serial number of the device Name Specifies the name assigned to the switch system If you are installing multiple Switches you should give each a unique name Location Specifies the area or location where the switch resides Contact Specifies the contact person for the switch Spanning Tree Indicates whether STP is enabled or disabled GVRP Indicates whether the Group VLAN Registration Protocol is enabled or disabled IGMP Snooping A NUR the Internet Group Management Protocol Snooping is enabled RIP Indicates whether the Routing Information Protocol is enabled or disabled PIM DM Indicates whether Protocol Independent Multicast Dense Mode is enabled or disabled DVMRP Indicates whether the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol is enabled or disabled Basic Switch Setup Use the Basic Network Setup menu to set the boot up operation for obtaining an IP address or to manually assign the IP address for the switch 1 From the Main Menu select Basic Network Setup a
173. ting protocol assumes that all downstream routers want to receive multicast messages and relies on explicit prune messages from downstream routers to remove branches from the multicast delivery tree that do not contain multicast group members PIM DM has no explicit join messages It relies on periodic flooding of multicast messages to all interfaces It then waits for the following A timer to expire the join prune interval The downstream routers to transmit explicit prune messages indicating that there are no multicast members on their respective branches PIM DM then removes these branches prunes them from the multicast delivery tree Because a member of a pruned branch of a multicast delivery tree may want to join a multicast delivery group at some point in the future the protocol periodically removes the prune information from its database and floods multicast messages to all interfaces on that branch The interval for removing prune information is the join prune interval 39 Switch Management and Operating Concepts 40 Using the Telnet Console 4 Your ZT8101 Fast Ethernet Switch supports a console management interface that allows you to set up and control your switch either with an ordinary terminal or terminal emulator or over a TCP IP network using a Telnet application This chapter describes how to use the Telnet Console to access the switch change its settings and monitor its operation Note
174. tion and allows Spanning Tree to be enabled on all ports and work normally Tagged ports can belong to more than one 802 1Q VLAN Untagged Member Port Ports with untagging enabled will strip the 802 1Q tag from all packets that flow into and out of it If the packet doesn t have an 802 1Q VLAN tag the port will not alter the packet Thus all packets received by and forwarded by an untagging port will have no 802 1Q VLAN information Untagging is used to send packets from an 802 1Q compliant network device to a non compliant network device and allow VLANs to work with legacy switches that don t recognize VLAN tags in packet headers The receiving port can only forward untagged packets to the VLAN it belongs to Forbidden Port The forbidden flag designates the port as not being a member of the VLAN and prevents packets tagged with the VLAN s VID from entering the port You can enable or disable the following per port for IEEE 802 1Q VLANs GVRP Ingress Checking GVRP GVRP Group VLAN Registration Protocol must be enabled globally on the switch before individual ports can be enabled Switch Management and Operating Concepts A global flag controls the switch s ability to participate in dynamically configured VLANs If the GVRP flag is enabled ports can dynamically register to be a member of a VLAN If the flag is disabled only statically configured ports can be members of VLANs The default value is disabled Ingress Che
175. tion from TFTP Server and press Enter 2 In the Server IP Address field enter the IP address of the TFTP server 3 In the Path Filename field enter the path and the filename to the file on the TFTP server 4 To start the download highlight DOWNLOAD and press Enter When the download is completed the switch saves the configuration in NV RAM and automatically reboots To upload a configuration file 1 From the Main Menu select Switch Utilities Upload Settings to TFTP Server and press Enter 2 In the Server IP Address field enter the IP address of the TFTP server 3 In the Path Filename field enter the path on the TFTP server and the filename 4 Highlight SAVE SETTINGS and press Enter This saves the IP address of the TFTP server so that the next time you access this screen you won t have to enter the address 5 To start the file transfer to the TFTP server highlight UPLOAD and press Enter To upload a history log file 1 From the Main Menu select Switch Utilities Upload History Log to TFTP Server and press Enter Using the Telnet Console 2 In the Server IP Address field enter the IP address of the TFTP server 3 In the Path Filename field enter the path on the TFTP server and the filename 4 Highlight SAVE SETTINGS and press Enter This saves the IP address of the TFTP server so that the next time you access this screen you won t have to enter the address 5 To start the file transfer to the TFTP server hig
176. ts System default 1 5 6 7 8 21 22 23 24 Engineering 2 9 10 11 12 Marketing 3 13 14 15 16 Finance 4 17 18 19 20 Sales 5 1 2 3 4 Backbone 6 25 26 In this case six IP interfaces or six subnets are required so a CIDR notation of 10 32 0 0 11 or a 11 bit addressing scheme will work This addressing scheme will give a subnet mask of 11111111 11100000 00000000 00000000 binary or 255 224 0 0 decimal A10 xxx xxx xxx IP address notation provide six network addresses For example VLAN Name VID Network Address System default 1 10 32 0 0 Engineering 2 10 64 0 0 Marketing 3 10 96 0 0 Finance 4 10 128 0 0 Sales 5 10 160 0 0 Backbone 6 10 192 0 0 The six IP interfaces each with an IP address listed in the table above and a subnet mask of 255 224 0 0 can be entered into the Setup IP Interface form IP interfaces consist of two parts a subnet mask and an IP address Each IP interface listed above provides a maximum of 2 097 150 unique IP addresses per interface assuming the 10 xxx xxx xxx notation 35 Switch Management and Operating Concepts Multicasting Multicasting is a group of protocols and tools that enable a single source point to send packets to groups of multiple destination points with persistent connections that last for some amount of time The main advantage of multicasting when compared to broadcasting is a decrease in the network load Bro
177. tware and configure it Thus all settings found in the Web Console are the same as those found in the Telnet Console Note The Web Console does not accept Chinese language input or other languages requiring 2 bytes per character Before You Start The ZT8101 switch supports a wide array of functions and provides great flexibility and increased network performance by eliminating the routing bottleneck between networks the WAN the Internet and the intranet This new generation switch performs routing functions in hardware rather than software To take full advantage of this flexibility and rich feature set you need to carefully plan a deployment strategy that will maximize the potential of the ZT8101 switch This plan should include a General Deployment Strategy VLAN Layout IP Addressing Scheme for VLANs Static Route Assessment General Deployment Strategy Determine how to segment the network This involves creating VLANs in an existing Layer 2 switched network Develop an IP addressing scheme This involves allocating a block of IP addresses to each network segment Each network subnet is then assigned a network address and a subnet mask See the IP Addressing and Subnetting section in Chapter 3 for more information Determine which network resources must be shared by the subnets and how they will be shared You can connect shared resources directly to the Layer 3 switch if need be Or you can set up s
178. ubnet mask of a multicast source used in the search for a specific entry Upstream Neighbor The IP address of the next hop router between the multicast group and the Source Expire Time The number of seconds the packets from the multicast source can live Protocol The multicast routing protocol used by the current source To view the IGMP group table You can search the IGMP table using a combination of an IP interface name and a multicast group IP address 1 In the left panel click Network Monitoring 2 In the top panel under Status click IGMP Group Table Using the Web Console 3 In the Interface Name field enter the name of an IP interface In the Multicast Group field enter the IP address of a multicast group To find all groups for the specified IP interface use 0 0 0 0 for the address Click Find The table displays this information Column Description Interface Name The IP interface associated with the multicast group Multicast Group The IP address of the multicast group associated with the IP interface Last Reporter IP The IP address of the member which responded with the last report Querier IP The IP address of the member elected to be the querier for the group Expire The time when the next report is due To view the DVMRP routing table You can search the DVMRP routing table with an IP address and subnet mask co
179. uters and automatically pruning a branch from the multicast delivery tree This interval also determines the time interval the router uses to automatically perform the following Join Prune Interval Remove prune information from a branch of a multicast delivery tree Begin to flood multicast messages to all branches of that delivery tree These two actions are equivalent The range is between 1 65535 seconds The default is 60 seconds State Disables or enables PIM DM for this IP interface The default is Disabled 5 Click Apply Static Router Port Settings A static router port allows UDP multicast and IGMP packets to be forwarded to a designated port regardless of VLAN configuration A router port functions within Layer 2 of the OSI model A static router port is a port that has a router attached to it Generally this router would have a connection to a WAN or to the Internet Establishing a router port will allow multicast packets coming from the router to be propagated through the network It also allows multicast messages coming from the network to be propagated to the router The purpose of a router port is to enable UDP multicast packets and IGMP multicast group membership messages to reach multiple ports of a multi port router Routers do not implement IGMP snooping or transmit forward IGMP report packets Thus forwarding all IP UDP multicast 119 Using the Web Console packets to a static router p
180. w you ping stations and configure DNS relay and BOOTP DHCP relay The following sections describe how to perform these tasks To update firmware 1 In the left panel click Switch Utilities 2 In the top panel under TFTP Services click Download Firmware from TFTP Server 3 In the Server IP Address field enter the IP address of the TFTP server 4 In the Path Filename field enter the full path with filename of the new firmware file on the TFTP server based from the root of the server 5 To save this configuration information click Save Settings This saves the IP address of the TFTP server so that the next time you access this screen you won t have to enter the address or the path filename 6 To start the download click Download Note Using the Web Console When the download is completed the switch automatically reboots and executes the new runtime firmware To download a configuration file RW N e 5 In the left panel click Switch Utilities In the top panel under TFTP Services click Download Configuration from TFTP Server In the Server IP Address field enter the IP address of the TFTP server In the Path Filename field enter the full path with filename of the configuration file on the TFTP server To start the download click Download When the download is completed the switch saves the configuration in NV RAM and automatically reboots If FLASH becomes corrupted because you lose po
181. wer when upgrading the firmware you must use Zmodem to fix the problem See Upgrading Firmware through Zmodem on page 19 To upload a configuration file You can save the switch s current settings to a TFTP Server This saved file can then be used to reconfigure the switch or to configure another switch 1 2 In the top panel under TFTP Services click Upload Settings to TFTP Server 3 4 In the Path Filename field enter the location on the TFTP server to save the configuration In the left panel click Switch Utilities In the Server IP Address field enter the IP address of the TFTP server Include the full path and the filename in this field To save this configuration information click Save Settings This saves the IP address of the TFTP server so that the next time you access this screen you won t have to enter the address or the path filename To start the upload click Upload To upload a history log file 1 In the left panel click Switch Utilities 2 In the top panel under TFTP Services click Upload History Log to TFTP Server 3 4 In the Path Filename field enter the location on the TFTP server to save the history log In the Server IP Address field enter the IP address of the TFTP server Include the full path and the filename in this field To save this configuration information click Save Settings This saves the IP address of the TFTP server so that the next time you access

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