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HP 4100GL User's Manual

1. Figure 2 6 Using a TACACS Server for Authentication 2 20 TACACS Authentication How Authentication Operates Using figure 2 6 above after either switch detects an operator s logon request from a remote or directly connected terminal the following events occur l The switch queries the first choice TACACS server for authentication of the request If the switch does not receive a response from the first choice TACACS server it attempts to query a secondary server If the switch does not receive a response from any TACACS server then it uses its own local username password pairs to authenti cate the logon request See Local Authentication Process on page 2 22 If a TACACS server recognizes the switch it forwards a user name prompt to the requesting terminal via the switch When the requesting terminal responds to the prompt with a username the switch forwards it to the TACACS server After the server receives the username input the requesting terminal receives a password prompt from the server via the switch When the requesting terminal responds to the prompt with a password the switch forwards it to the TACACS server and one of the following actions occurs If the username password pair received from the requesting terminal matches a username password pair previously stored in the server then the server passes access permission through the switch to
2. 0004 6 38 Show Commands for Port Access Supplicant 6 42 How RADIUS 802 1x Authentication Affects VLAN Operation 6 43 Messages Related to 802 1x Operation 6 47 6 1 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Overview Overview Feature Default Menu CLI Web Configuring Switch Ports as 802 1xAuthenticators Disabled n a page6 14 nma Configuring 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Disabled n a page 6 20 n a Configuring Switch Ports to Operate as 802 1x Supplicants Disabled n a page 6 33 n a Displaying 802 1x Configuration Statistics and Counters n a n a page 6 37 n a How 802 1x Affects VLAN Operation n a n a page 6 43 n a RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Refer to RADIUS Authentication and Accounting on page 3 1 Why Use Port Based Access Control Local Area Networks are often deployed in a way that allows unauthorized clients to attach to network devices or allows unauthorized users to get access to unattended clients on a network Also the use of DHCP services and zero configuration make access to networking services easily available This exposes the network to unauthorized use and malicious attacks While access to the network should be made easy uncontrolled and unauthorized access is usually not desirable 802 1x provides access control along with the ability to control user profiles from a central RADIUS server while allowing users access from multiple points wit
3. 4 12 4 Enabling SSH on the Switch and Anticipating SSH Client Contact Behavior 00 0 cece eee 4 15 5 Configuring the Switch for SSH Authentication 4 18 6 Use an SSH Client To Access the Switch 0 4 21 Further Information on SSH Client Public Key Authentication 4 22 Messages Related to SSH Operation 00085 4 27 Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Contents roi ee nederland eae ee aaa es oe 5 1 Overview i 604 ded orb heel a ein en Pe AE te she Seg 5 2 Termin logy 4 2005 ei bases eas oa ea ti ate ie aad Wea Maik E 5 3 Prerequisite for Using SSL 0 0 0 5 4 Steps for Configuring and Using SSL for Switch and Client Authentication sc 0 203 celia Sl ska bs eb we ea ee Ms 5 4 General Operating Rules and Notes 00 cee eee 5 6 Configuring the Switch for SSL Operation 5 7 1 Assigning a Local Login Operator and Enable Manager Password 02 ce eee cece eens 5 7 2 Generating the Switch s Server Host Certificate 5 9 To Generate or Erase the Switch s Server Certificate with e CEL asosa ee Be eB tiny Sie doi inde tie oes 5 10 Comments on certificate fields 0 0 cece cee eee 5 11 Generate a Self Signed Host Certificate with the Web browser interface 00 c cece eee 5 13 Generate a CA Signed server host certificate with the Web browser interface
4. CONSOLE MANAGER MODE s Status and Counters Port Status Intrusion Flow Port Type Alert Enabled Status Mode Ctrl 10 100Tx No The Intrusion Alert A2 10 100TX No Yes U Auto off p column shows Yes A3 10 100Tx Yes Yes Up Auto off for any port on which A4 10 100TX No Yes Up Auto off AS 10 100TX No Yes Up Auto off a security violation ESD K iceied AG 10 100Tx No Yes Down Auto off as been detected AT 10 100Tx No Yes Up Auto off Ag 10 100Tx No Yes Down Auto off Actions gt Back Intrusion log Help Return to previous screen Use up down arrow keys to scroll to other entries left right arrow keys to change action selection and lt Enter gt to execute action Figure 7 10 Example of Port Status Screen with Intrusion Alert on Port A3 2 Type I intrusion log to display the Intrusion Log n CONSOLE MANAGER MODE Status and Counters Intrusion Log MAC Address of 3 Intruding Device MAC Address Date Time ra System Time of Intrusion on Port A3 on Port A3 Al 0060b0 896e00 08 08702 15 28 21 AZ 080009 cf558f prior to 08 08 02 10 28 58 Indicates this intrusion on port A3 Actions gt Reset alert flags Help Ge E nasa eatin at Return to previous screen Use up down arrow keys to scroll to other entries left right arrow keys to change action selection and lt Enter gt to execute action Figure 7 11 Exam
5. on page 5 10 Click on Apply Changes button to generate new certificate and key if selected 4 lt Note When generating a self signed host certificate if no key is present and the current option is selected in the RSA key size box and error will be generated New key generation can take up to two minutes if the key queue is empty Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Configuring the Switch for SSL Operation For example to generate a new host certificate via the web browsers interface Status Information Security Tab Identity Status Gonniguratior Security Support SSL ETT SSL button Create Certificate Button SSL Enable Off Port 443 Certificate Type Box Create Certificate Certificate Request c stalled Certificate Certificate Self Signed Installed Certificate Type g Certificate Type Key Size 512 z a RSA Key Size Selection Validity End Date Validity End Date Month Day viv Year Common Name Organization Name Month gt Day 7 Year 7 Organization Unit 10 255 255 255 City Certificate qstate _ Argument Company Name Country Fingerprint MD5 Department Name silat SHA City State US United States Apply Changes Clear Changes Figure 5 5 Self Signed Certificate generation via SSL Web Browser Interface Screen To view the current host certificate in the web browser interface 1 Proceed to the Security tab 2 Then the SSL button
6. 5 erudi rana te eee Enia a 2 23 Encryption Options in the Switch 02000 2 23 Controlling Web Browser Interface Access When Using TACACS Authentication 00 c eee 2 24 Messages nuien a athe ea eta a detach al cde Ua ea beans Greys 2 25 Operating Notes 0 0 00 c ccc cent nen e enn eens 2 25 2 1 TACACS Authentication Overview Overview Feature Default Menu CLI Web view the switch s authentication configuration n a page 2 10 view the switch s TACACS server contact n a page configuration 2 10 configure the switch s authentication methods disabled page 2 11 configure the switch to contact TACACS server s disabled page 2 15 TACACS authentication enables you to use a central server to allow or deny access to the Series 4100GL switches and other TACACS aware devices in your network This means that you can use a central database to create multiple unique username password sets with associated privilege levels for use by individuals who have reason to access the switch from either the switch s console port local access or Telnet remote access a Terminal A Directly Series 4100GL sw itch Accessing the Switch Configured for N Via Switch s Console TACACS Operation Port Primary TACACS Server The switch passes the login TN r 3 3 requests from terminals A and B Terminal
7. 1440 minutes If your first choice server was initially unavailable but then becomes available before the dead time expires you can nullify the dead time by resetting it to zero and then trying to log on again As an alternative you can reboot the switch thus resetting the dead time counter to assume the server is available and then try to log on again Number of Login Attempts This is actually an aaa authentication command It controls how many times in one session a RADIUS client as well as clients using other forms of access can try to log in with the correct username and password Default Three times per ses sion For RADIUS accounting features refer to Configuring RADIUS Accounting on page 3 16 3 7 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Configuring the Switch for RADIUS Authentication 1 Configure Authentication forthe Access Methods You Want RADIUS To Protect This section describes how to configure the switch for RADIUS authentication through the following access methods Console Either direct serial port connection or modem connection m Telnet Inbound Telnet must be enabled the default m SSH To employ RADIUS for SSH access you must first configure the switch for SSH operation Refer to Configuring Secure Shell SSH on page 4 1 You can also use RADIUS for Port Based Access authentication Refer to Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x on page 6 1 You can configur
8. 5 10 reserved TCP port numbers 5 20 Root 5 4 Root Certificate 5 4 Self Signed 5 3 5 13 Self Signed Certificate 5 3 5 10 5 18 Server Host Certifcate 5 10 SSL Server 5 3 SSLv3 5 2 steps for configuring 5 4 supported encryption methods 5 3 terminology 5 3 TLSv1 5 2 troubleshooting operating 5 21 version 5 2 zeroize 5 10 TACACS aaa parameters 2 12 authentication 2 4 authentication process 2 20 authentication local 2 22 authorized IP managers effect 2 25 configuration authentication 2 11 configuration encryption key 2 19 configuration server access 2 15 configuration timeout 2 20 configuration viewing 2 10 encryption key 2 7 2 15 2 16 2 19 encryption key general operation 2 23 encryption key global 2 20 general operation 2 2 IP address server 2 15 local manager password requirement 2 26 messages 2 25 NAS 2 4 overview 1 xii precautions 2 6 preparing to configure 2 9 preventing switch lockout 2 15 privilege level code 2 7 server access 2 15 server priority 2 18 setup general 2 6 show authentication 2 9 supported features 2 3 system requirements 2 5 TACACS server 2 4 testing 2 6 timeout 2 15 troubleshooting 2 6 unauthorized access preventing web access controlling 2 24 web access
9. 512 Protocol console telnet ssh 35H v2 inactive _ Enables SSH on the switch pees Lists the current SSH configuration and status pm The switch uses these five settings internally for transactions with clients See the Note below Source IP and Port 12 255 255 255 1873 With SSH running the switch allows one console session and up to three other sessions SSH and or Telnet Web browser sessions are also allowed but do not appear in the show ip ssh listing Figure 4 12 Example of Enabling IP SSH and Listing the SSH Configuration and Status Caution Protect your private key file from access by anyone other than yourself If someone can access your private key file they can then penetrate SSH security on the switch by appearing to be you 4 17 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Configuring the Switch for SSH Operation Note SSH does not protect the switch from unauthorized access via the web interface Telnet SNMP or the serial port While web and Telnet access can be restricted by the use of passwords local to the switch if you are unsure of the security this provides you may want to disable web based and or Telnet access no web management and no telnet If you need to increase SNMP security you should use SNMP version 3 only If you need to increase the security of your web interface see the section on SSL Another security measure is to use the Autho
10. Syntax show port access supplicant e lt port list gt statistics show port access supplicant e lt port list gt Shows the port access supplicant configuration excluding the secret parameter for all ports or lt port list gt ports configured on the switch as supplicants The Supplicant State can include the following Connecting Starting authentication Authenticated Authentication completed regardless of whether the attempt was successful Acquired The port received a request for identification from an authenticator Authenticating Authentication is in progress Held Awthenticator sent notice of failure The supplicant port is waiting for the authenticator s held period page 6 35 For descriptions of the supplicant parameters refer to Configuring a Supplicant Switch Port on page 6 35 show port access supplicant e lt port list gt statistics Shows the port access statistics and source MAC address es for all ports or lt port list gt ports configured on the switch as supplicants See the Note on Suppli cant Statistics below Note on Supplicant Statistics For each port configured as a supplicant show port access supplicant statistics e lt port list gt displays the source MAC address and statistics for transactions with the authenticator device most recently detected on the port If the link between the supplicant port and the authenticator device fails the supplican
11. period previous page if any you cannot reconfigure this parameter Default 2 reauth period lt 1 9999999 gt Sets the period of time after which clients connected must be re authenticated When the timeout is set to O the reauthentication is disabled Default 0 second Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Configuring Switch Ports as 802 1x Authenticators aaa port access authenticator lt port list gt Syntax Continued unauth vid lt vlan id gt Configures an exsiting static VLAN to be the Unauthorized Client VLAN This enables you to provide a path for clients without supplicant software to download the software and begin an authentication session Refer to 802 1x Open VLAN Mode on page 6 20 auth vid lt vid gt Configures an existing static VLAN to be the Authorized Client VLAN Refer to 802 1x Open VLAN Mode on page 6 20 initialize On the specified ports blocks inbound and outbound traffic and restarts the 802 1x authentication process This happens only on ports configured with control auto and actively operating as 802 1x authenticators Note If a specified port is configured with control authorized and port security and the port has learned an autho rized address the port will remove this address and learn a new one from the first packet it receives reauthenticate Forces reauthentication unless the authenticator is in HELD state clear statist
12. 6 19 802 1x Open VLAN Mode 00 cece eee 6 20 Introd ction oo elec eis ek Bite as ek aetna Pe ee 6 20 Use Models for 802 1x Open VLAN Modes 4 5 6 21 Operating Rules for Authorized Client and Unauthorized Client VLANS 0 00 cece ce eee eens 6 24 Setting Up and Configuring 802 1x Open VLAN Mode 6 26 802 1x Open VLAN Operating Notes 2 00 0 e ee eens 6 30 Option For Authenticator Ports Configure Port Security To Allow Only 802 1x Devices 00 0 cece 6 31 Configuring Switch Ports To Operate As Supplicants for 802 1x Connections to Other Switches 4 6 33 Displaying 802 1x Configuration Statistics and Counters 6 37 Show Commands for Port Access Authenticator 6 37 Viewing 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Status 000 6 38 Show Commands for Port Access Supplicant 6 42 viii How RADIUS 802 1x Authentication Affects VLAN Operation 6 43 Static VLAN Requirement 0 0 cece eee eee eee 6 43 Messages Related to 802 1x Operation 4 6 47 7 Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Contents oinar oo sbi eee eR ae a EAA ere de as BT ee er 7 1 Overview ec 3c c ces gee dui aaa e pE e EEE ented bed dat lees 7 2 Basic Operation 2 20sccak 4 Aaa heh Ahk bee tet 7 2 Blocking Unauthorized Traffic 0 0 cece eee eee eee 7 3 Trunk Group Exclusion 0 00
13. 802 1x provides switch level security that allows LAN access only to users who enter the authorized RADIUS username and password on 802 1x capable clients sup plicants This simplifies security management by allowing you to control access from a master database in a single server although you can use up to three RADIUS servers to provide backups in case access to the primary server fails It also means a user can enter the same username and password pair for authentication regardless of which switch is the access point into the LAN Note that you can also configure 802 1x for authentication through the switch s local username and password instead of a RADIUS server but doing so increases the administrative burden decentralizes username password administration and reduces security by limiting authentication to one Oper ator Manager password set for all users Providing a Path for Downloading 802 1x Supplicant Software For clients that do not have the necessary 802 1x supplicant software there is also the option to configure the 802 1x Open VLAN mode This mode allows you to assign such clients to an isolated VLAN through which you can provide the necessary supplicant software these clients need to begin the authentication process Refer to 802 1x Open VLAN Mode on page 6 20 6 3 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Overview Authenticating One Switch to Another 802 1x authentication also enables the switch to
14. For Manager level enable access for successful SSH clients you want to use TACACS for primary password authentication and local for secondary password authenti cation with a Manager username of leader and a password of m0ns00n To set up this operation you would configure the switch in a manner similar to the following Configures Manageruser Configures the name and password switch to allow SSH access only a HPSwitch config password manager user name leader 3 client whose New password for Manager ataee public key matches one ofthe Please retype new password for Manager eae keys in the public HPSwitch config aaa authentication ssh login public key none key file HPSwitch config aaa authentication ssh enable tacacs local HPSwitch config copy tftp pub key file 12 255 255 255 Client key pub HPSwitch config write nemor Configures the primary and Copies a public key file secondary password methods for named Client Keys pub Manager enable access Becomes into the switch available after SSH access is granted Figure 4 13 Configuring for SSH Access Requiring a Client Public Key Match and M anager Passw ords 4 20 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Configuring the Switch for SSH Operation Figure 4 14 shows how to check the results of the above commands HP Switch config show authentication Lists the current SSH Status and Counters Authentication Information authentication conf
15. For any port you can configure the following m Authorized MAC Addresses Specify up to eight devices MAC addresses that are allowed to send inbound traffic through the port This feature e Closes the port to inbound traffic from any unauthorized devices that are connected to the port e Provides the option for sending an SNMP trap notifying of an attempted security violation to a network management station and optionally disables the port For more on configuring the switch for SNMP management see Trap Receivers and Authen tication Traps in the Management and Configuration Guide for your switch Blocking Unauthorized Traffic Unless you configure the switch to disable a port on which a security violation is detected the switch security measures block unauthorized traffic without disabling the port This implementation enables you to apply the security configuration to ports on which hubs switches or other devices are connected and to maintain security while also maintaining network access to authorized users For example Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Basic Operation Physical Topology Logical Topology for Access to Switch A Switch A Switch A Port Security Port Security Configured PC1 Configured PC1 MAC Address Authorized MAC Address Authorized by Switch A by Switch A Switch B PC2 Switch B MAC Address MAC Address NOT MAC Address Authorized by Authorized by Switch A Authorized by Switch A
16. IP Mask 249 7 are on creating a value of 249 in the 4th octet Where a mask bit is on the corresponding bit 4th Octet of setting in the address of a potentially authorized IP Authorized station must match the IP Authorized Address Address 125 E H H d E setting for that same bit Where a mask bit is off the corresponding bit setting inthe address canbe either on or off In this example in order for a station to be authorized to access the switch e The first three octets of the station s IP address must match the Authorized IP Address e Bit0 and Bits 3 through 6 of the 4th octet in the station s address must be on value 1 e Bit 7 of the 4th octet in the station s address must be off value 0 e Bits 1 and 2 can be either on or off This means that stations with the IP address 13 28 227 X where X is 121 123 125 or 127 are authorized Figure 8 6 Example of How the Bitmap in the IP Mask Defines Authorized M anager Addresses 8 11 Using Authorized IP Managers Operating Notes Additional Examples for Authorizing Multiple Stations Entries for Authorized Results Manager List IP Mask 255 255 0 255 This combination specifies an authorized IP address of 10 33 xxx 1 It could be applied for example to a subnetted network where each subnet is defined by the amona IDs chee Ag third octet and includes
17. Signature Algorithm mdoWithRSAEncryption d6 d 98 6b b9 a5 54 96 d9 be fa b9 99 9 d8 6f 94 42 30 ea c4 1d 88 e6 7 b 19 18 22 84 f6 8c ea 46 d ab 42 26 48 77 0c 60 57 8c 33 bc 08 d8 f7 c6 1f ef 15 b7 24 3 fa 92 b1 1f 7d 9e c1 fd 83 MDS Fingerprint C969 E196 49C3 4609 AFC6 BDE1 2087 00A SHA Fingerprint 930 0753 F805 26DC 4E39 EAF2 9018 174F 7A63 ESCO Figure 5 4 Example of show crypto host cert command 5 12 Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Configuring the Switch for SSL Operation Generate aSelf Signed Host Certificate with the Web browser interface You can configure SSL from the web browser interface For more information on how to access the web browser interface see the Series 4100GL switches Management and Configuration guide Chapter titled Using the HP Web Browser Interface To generate a self signed host certificate from the web browser interface i Proceed to the Security tab then the SSL button The SSL config uration screen is split up into two halves The left half is used in creating a new certificate key pair and self signed CA signed certificate The right half displays information on the currently installed certificate ii Select the Generate Certificate button iii Select Self signed certificate in the type box iv Select the RSA key size desired If you do not wish to generate a new key then just select current from the list Fill in remaining certificate arguments see
18. Thus if you Telnet from an SSH secure switch to another SSH secure switch the session is not secure 4 8 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Configuring the Switch for SSH Operation Configuring the Switch for SSH Operation SSH Related Commands in This Section Page show ip ssh 4 17 show crypto client public key keylist str lt babble 4 25 fingerprint gt show crypto host public key lt babble fingerprint gt 4 14 show authentication 4 21 crypto key lt generate zeroize gt ssh rsa 4 11 ip ssh 4 16 key size lt 512 768 1024 gt 4 16 port lt 1 65535ldefault gt 4 16 timeout lt 5 120 gt 4 16 version lt 1 2 1 or 2 gt 4 16 aaa authentication ssh login lt local tacacs radius public key gt 4 18 4 19 lt local none gt 4 18 enable lt tacacs radius local gt 4 18 lt local none gt 4 18 copy tftp pub key file lt tftp server IP gt lt public key file gt 4 25 clear crypto client public key keylist str 4 25 1 Assigning a Local Login Operator and Enable Manager Password At a minimum HP recommends that you always assign at least a Manager password to the switch Otherwise under some circumstances anyone with Telnet web or serial port access could modify the switch s configuration To Configure Local Passwords You can configure both the Operator and Manager password with one command 4 9 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Configu
19. action lt none send alarm send disable gt clear intrusion flag no port security lt port list gt mac address lt mac addr gt lt mac addr gt lt mac addr gt 7 10 Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Port Security Command Options and Operation For information on the individual control parameters see the Port Security Parameter table on page 7 7 Specifying Authorized Devices and Intrusion Responses Thisexample configures port Al to automatically accept the first device MAC address it detects as the only authorized device for that port The default device limit is 1 It also configures the port to send an alarm to a network management station and disable itself if an intruder is detected on the port HPswitch config port security al learn mode static action send disable The next example does the same as the preceding example except that it specifies a MAC address of 0c0090 123456 as the authorized device instead of allowing the port to automatically assign the first device it detects as an authorized device HPswitch config port security al learn mode static mac address 0c0090 123456 action send disable This example configures port A5 to m Allow two MAC addresses 00c100 7fec00 and 0060b0 889e00 as the authorized devices m Send an alarm to a management station if an intruder is detected on the port HPswitch config port security a5 learn mode static address limit 2 mac address 00c100 7
20. an encryption key See Using the Encryption Key on page 2 23 2 6 Determine the following The IP address es of the TACACS server s you want the switch to use for authentication If you will use more than one server determine which server is your first choice for authentication services The encryption key if any for allowing the switch to communicate with the server You can use either a global key or a server specific key depending on the encryption configuration in the TACACS TACACS Authentication General Authentication Setup Procedure The period you want the switch to wait for a reply to an authentication request before trying another server The username password pairs you want the TACACS server to use for controlling access to the switch The privilege level you want for each username password pair administered by the TACACS server for controlling access to the switch server s e The number of log in attempts you will allow before closing a log in session Default 3 e The username password pairs you want to use for local authentication one pair each for Operator and Manager levels 3 Plan and enter the TACACS server configuration needed to support TACACS operation for Telnet access login and enable to the switch This includes the username password sets for logging in at the Operator read only privilege level and the sets for logging in at the Manager read write privile
21. eee eee eee eens 7 4 Planning Port Security 0 0 0 ccc cece nnn 7 5 Port Security Command Options and Operation 7 6 Retention of Static Addresses 0 0 ec cee eee eee 7 8 Displaying Current Port Security Settings 7 9 Configuring Port Security 0 cece ee eee 7 10 Web Displaying and Configuring Port Security Features 7 15 Reading Intrusion Alerts and Resetting Alert Flags 7 15 Notice of Security Violations 0 c cece cee ee eee 7 15 How the Intrusion Log Operates 0002s eee eee 7 16 Keeping the Intrusion Log Current by Resetting Alert Flags 7 17 Menu Checking for Intrusions Listing Intrusion Alerts and Resetting Alert Flags 2 0 0c cee eee ee eee 7 17 CLI Checking for Intrusions Listing Intrusion Alerts and Resetting Alert Flags 00 cece cece eee eee 7 19 Using the Event Log To Find Intrusion Alerts 7 21 Web Checking for Intrusions Listing Intrusion Alerts and Resetting Alert Flags 0 cece eee ee eee 7 22 Operating Notes for Port Security 0 0 00 ee eee 7 22 8 Using Authorized IP Managers Contents seenen iia ete iarra eia eria beg dee ds hag yas 8 1 OVEIVIEW Vaa i 1 eg WR E ante ed E A ee hed ah ds ead fan 8 2 OPTIONS oat apoa y Sacer whe ler Adee dana eee ane RAS aa Aid eared 8 3 Access Levels i rietisn sidan chet cid eka Bi
22. if RADIUS authorizes an 802 1x client on port 2 with the requirement that the client use VLAN 22 then m VLAN 22 becomes available as Untagged on port A2 for the duration of the session m VLAN 33 becomes unavailable to port A2 for the duration of the session because there can be only one untagged VLAN on any port You can use the show vlan lt vian id gt command to view this temporary change to the active configuration as shown below m You can see the temporary VLAN assignment by using the show vlan lt vlan id gt command with the lt vlan id gt of the static VLAN that the authenticated client is using 6 44 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x How RADIUS 802 1x Authentication Affects VLAN Operation HPswitch config show vlan 22 Status and Counters VLAN Information Ports VLAN 22 602 10 VLAN ID 22 Name vilan_22 Status Static Port Information Mode Unknown VLAN Status Tagged 802 1 Tagged This entry shows that port A2 is temporarily untagged on VLAN 22 for an 802 1x session This is to accomodate an 802 1x client s access authenticated by a RADIUS server where the server included an instruction to put the client s access on VLAN 22 Note With the current VLAN configuration figure 6 7 the only time port A2 appears in this show vlan 22 listing is during an 802 1x session with an attached client Otherwise port A2 is not listed Figure 6 8 The Active Configuration
23. security note 3 2 server access order 3 17 server access order changing 3 27 servers multiple 3 13 show accounting 3 26 show authentication 3 25 SNMP access security not supported 3 2 statistics viewing 3 23 terminology 3 3 TLS 3 4 web browser access controls 3 15 web browser security not supported 3 2 3 15 RADIUS accounting See RADIUS reserved port numbers 4 17 5 20 S security authorized IP managers 8 1 per port 7 2 security violations notices of 7 15 security password See SSH Series 4100GL defined 1 xii setting a password 1 4 setup screen 1 xix SSH authenticating switch to client 4 3 authentication client public key 4 2 authentication user password 4 2 caution restricting access 4 19 caution security 4 17 CLI commands 4 9 client behavior 4 15 4 16 client public key authentication 4 19 4 22 client public key clearing 4 25 client public key creating file 4 23 client public key displaying 4 25 configuring authentication 4 18 crypto key 4 11 disabling 4 11 enable 4 16 5 19 enabling 4 15 erase host key pair 4 11 generate host key pair 4 11 generating key pairs 4 10 Index 3 SSL host key pair 4 11 key babble 4 11 key fingerprint 4 11 keys zeroizing 4 11 key size 4 17 known host file 4 13 4 15 man in the m
24. username and password information in TACACS packets moving between the switch and a TACACS server At the TACACS server a key may include both of the following m Global key A general key assignment in the TACACS server appli cation that applies to all TACACS aware devices for which an indi vidual key has not been configured m Server Specific key A unique key assignment in the TACACS server application that applies to a specific TACACS aware device Configure a key in the switch only if the TACACS server application has this exact same key configured for the switch That is if the key parameter in switch X does not exactly match the key setting for switch X in the TACACS server application then communication between the switch and the TACACS server will fail Thus on the TACACS server side you have a choice as to how to implement a key On the switch side it is necessary only to enter the key parameter so that it exactly matches its counterpart in the server For information on how to configure a general or individual key in the TACACS server refer to the documentation you received with the application Encryption Options in the Switch When configured the encryption key causes the switch to encrypt the TACACS packets it sends to the server When left at null the TACACS packets are sent in clear text The encryption key or just key you configure in the switch must be identical to the encryption key config
25. 11 As described under General Authentication Setup Procedure on page 2 6 HP recommends that you configure test and troubleshoot authentication via Telnet access before you configure authentication via console port access This helps to prevent accidentally locking yourself out of switch access due to errors or problems in setting up authentication in either the switch or your TACACS server 2 15 TACACS Authentication Configuring TACACS on the Switch Syntax tacacs server host lt ip addr gt key lt key string gt Adds a TACACS server and optionally assigns a server specific encryption key no tacacs server host lt ip addr gt Removes a TACACS server assignment including its server specific encryption key if any tacacs server key lt key string gt Enters the optional global encryption key no tacacs server key Removes the optional global encryption key Does not affect any server specific encryption key assignments tacacs server timeout lt 1 255 gt Changes the wait period for a TACACS server response Default 5 seconds Note on Encryption keys configured in the switch must exactly match the encryption Enc ry pti on Keys keys configured in TACACS servers the switch will attempt to use for authentication If you configure a global encryption key the switch uses it only with servers for which you have not also configured a server specific key Thus a global key is more use
26. 1x aware switches m Port Security page 7 1 Enables a switch port to maintain a unique list of MAC addresses defining which specific devices are allowed to access the network through that port Also enables a port to detect prevent and log access attempts by unauthorized devices m Authorized IP Managers page 8 1 xii Getting Started Overview of Access Security Features Allows access to the switch by a networked device having an IP address previously configured in the switch as authorized HP recommends that you use local passwords together with the switch s other security features to provide a more comprehensive security fabric than if you use only the local password option Table 1 lists these features with the security coverage they provide Table 1 Management Access Security Protection Security Feature Offers Protection Against Unauthorized Client Accessto Offers Protection Switch Management Features Against Connection Telnet SNMP Web SSH E gear NetMgmt Browser Client Network Local Manager and Operator PtP Yes No Yes Yes No Usernames and Passwords See Yes No Yes Yes No TACACS PtP Yes No No Yes No Remote Yes No No Yes No RADIUS PtP Yes No No Yes No Remote Yes No No Yes No SSH Ptp Yes No No Yes No Remote Yes No No Yes No SSL PtP No No Yes No No Remote No No Yes No No Port Based Access Control 802 1x PtP Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Remote No No No No No Po
27. 22 Secondary Local password or none Note that if you want the switch to perform client public key authentication you must configure the switch with Option B e SSH Enable Manager options Primary Local TACACS or RADIUS Secondary Local password or none Use your SSH client to access the switch using the switch s IP address or DNS name if allowed by your SSH client application Refer to the documentation provided with the client application 4 7 Configuring Secure Shell SSH General Operating Rules and Notes General Operating Rules and Notes m Public keys generated on an SSH client must be exportable to the switch The switch can only store 10 keys client key pairs m The switch s own public private key pair and the optional client public key file are stored in the switch s flash memory and are not affected by reboots or the erase startup config command m Once you generate a key pair on the switch you should avoid re generating the key pair without a compelling reason Otherwise you will have to re introduce the switch s public key on all management stations clients you previously set up for SSH access to the switch In some situations this can temporarily allow security breaches m Whenstacking is enabled SSH provides security only between an SSH client and the stack manager Communications between the stack commander and stack members is not secure m The switch does not support outbound SSH sessions
28. 4 Enabling SSH on the Switch and Anticipating SSH Client Contact Behavior on page 4 15 Prerequisite for Using SSH Before using the switch as an SSH server you must install a publicly or commercially available SSH client application on the computer s you use for management access to the switch If you want client public key authentication page 4 2 then the client program must have the capability to generate or import keys 4 4 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Public Key Formats Public Key Formats Any client application you use for client public key authentication with the switch must have the capability export public keys The switch can accept keys in the PEM Encoded ASCII Format or in the Non Encoded ASCII format Pub Key Gen 21 Dec 2661 12 01 A1B3Nz1y2 orEMNYL Q8D8qDMiozuic End of Pub Key x r Comment oe Beginning of actual SSHv2 describing public public key in PEM Encoded Figure 4 3 Example of Public Key in PEM Encoded ASCII Format Common for SSHv2 Clients 512 37 78193303392 619545 7933218459145 68115859448 679486918367 079 6682185894437 76362626267 COL Bit Exponent Modulus Size lt e gt lt n gt Figure 4 4 Example of Public Key in Non Encoded ASCII Format Common for SSHv1 Client Applications Steps for Configuring and Using SSH for Switch and Client Authentication For two way authentication between the switch and an SSH client you must use the login Operator leve
29. 5 RADIUS See RADIUS SSH See SSH connection inactivity time 1 3 console for configuring authorized IP managers 8 5 D DES 4 3 5 3 duplicate IP address effect on authorized IP managers 8 12 E event log intrusion alerts 7 21 inconsistent value message 7 12 intrusion alarms entries dropped from log 7 23 event log 7 21 prior to 7 23 Intrusion Log prior to 7 19 7 20 IP authorized IP managers 8 1 reserved port numbers 4 17 IP masks building 8 9 for multiple authorized manager stations 8 10 for single authorized manager station 8 9 operation 8 4 L LACP 802 1x not allowed 6 10 6 15 802 1x not allowed 6 47 M manager password 1 2 1 4 manager password recommended 2 8 MD5 See RADIUS 3 4 message Index 1 inconsistent value 7 12 0 open VLAN mode See port access control OpenSSH 4 3 5 2 operating notes authorized IP managers 8 12 port security 7 22 operator password 1 2 1 4 P password browser console access 1 3 case sensitive 1 4 caution 1 3 delete 1 4 deleting with the Clear button 1 5 if you lose the password 1 5 incorrect 1 3 length 1 4 operator only caution 1 3 pair 1 2 setting 1 4 password pair 1 2 password security 4 18 port security configuration 7 2 port security authorized address definition 7 3 basic o
30. 5 9 2 Execute the web management ssl command To disable SSL on the switch do either of the following m Execute no web management ssl m Zeroize the switch s host certificate or certificate key page 5 10 Using the web browser interface to enable SSL To enable SSL on the switch i Proceed to the Security tab then the SSL button ii Select SSL Enable to on and enter the TCP port you desire to connect on iii Click on the Apply Changes button to enable SSL on the port To disable SSL on the switch do either of the following i Proceed to the Security tab then the SSL button ii Select SSL Enable to off iii Click on the Apply Changes button to enable SSL on the port 5 19 Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Configuring the Switch for SSL Operation qy HP ProCurve Switch up sy XXXX ProCurve Switch Status Information O Identity Stats Gonng ratior Security Diagnostics support Device Passwords Authorized Addresses Port Security Intrusion Log SSL Settings Enable SLL SSL Enable Off v sce and port number Selection Figure 5 8 Using the w eb browser interface to enable SSL and select TCP port number Note on Port Number Caution HP recommends using the default IP port number 443 However you can use web managementssl tcp port to specify any TCP port for SSL connections except those reserved for other purposes Examples of reserved IP ports are 23 Telnet and 80 http Some oth
31. EAP RADIUS uses MD5 and TLS to encrypt a response to a challenge from a RADIUS server 3 4 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting General RADIUS Setup Procedure General RADIUS Setup Procedure Preparation 1 Configure one to three RADIUS servers to support the switch That is one primary server and one or two backups Refer to the documentation provided with the RADIUS server application 2 Before configuring the switch collect the information outlined below Table 3 1 Preparation for Configuring RADIUS on the Switch Determine the access methods console Telnet Port Access and or SSH for which you want RADIUS as the primary authentication method Consider both Operator login and Manager enable levels as well as which secondary authentication methods to use local or none if the RADIUS authentication fails or does not respond HPswitch gt show authentication Status and Counters Authentication Information Console access Login Attempts 3 requires Local as secondary method to Login Login Enable Enable prevent lockout if the Access Task Primary Secondary Primary Secondary primary RADIUS access fails due to loss of RADIUS server Telnet Radius Radius access or other problems with the Port Access EapRadius server SSH Radius Radius Figure 3 1 Example of Possible RADIUS Access Assignments Determine the IP address es of the RADIUS server s you want to support the switch Yo
32. Example of General RADIUS Information from Show Radius Command HPswitch config show radius host 192 33 12 65 Status and Counters RADIUS Server Information Server IP Addr 192 33 12 65 Authentication UDP Port 1812 Accounting UDP Port Round Trip Time Round Trip Time Pending Requests Pending Requests Retransmissions Retransmissions Timeouts Timeouts Malformed Responses Malformed Responses Bad Authenticators Bad Authenticators Unknown Types Unknown Types Packets Dropped Packets Dropped Access Requests Accounting Requests Access Challenges Accounting Responses Access Accepts Access Rejects Figure 3 11 RADIUS Server Information From the Show Radius Host Command NNOOOO COCO lF co H Q NonocceA Cc 0c on oO 3 23 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Viewing RADIUS Statistics Term Round Trip Time PendingRequests Retransmissions Timeouts Malformed Responses Bad Authenticators Unknown Types Packets Dropped Requests AccessChallenges AccessAccepts AccessRejects Responses Definition The time interval between the most recent Accounting Response and the Accounting Request that matched it from this RADIUS accounting server The number of RADIUS Accounting Request packets sent to this server that have not yet timed out or received a response This variable is incremented when an accounting Request is sent and decremented due to receipt of an Accounting Response a timeout or a retra
33. For detailed information on each step refer to Configuring the Switch for RADIUS Authentication on page 3 6 or Configuring Switch Ports To Operate As Supplicants for 802 1x Connections to Other Switches on page 6 33 l Enable 802 1x authentication on the individual ports you want to serve as authenticators On the ports you will use as authenticators either accept the default 802 1x settings or change them as necessary Note that by default the port control parameter is set to auto for all ports on the switch This requires a client to support 802 1x authentication and to provide valid credentials to get network access Refer to page 6 15 If you want to provide a path for clients without 802 1x supplicant soft ware to download the software so that they can initiate an authentication session enable the 802 1x Open VLAN mode on the ports you want to support this feature Refer to page 6 20 Configure the 802 1x authentication type Options include e Local Operator username and password the default This option allows a client to use the switch s local username and password as valid 802 1x credentials for network access e EAP RADIUS This option requires your RADIUS server application to support EAP authentication for 802 1x e CHAP MD5 RADIUS This option requires your RADIUS server application to support CHAP MD5 authentication See page 6 18 If you select either eap radius or chap radius for step 3 use th
34. For more information on how to access the web browser interface see the Series 4100GL switches Management and Configuration guide Chapter titled Using the HP Web Browser Interface 5 15 Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Configuring the Switch for SSL Operation The installation of a CA signed certificate involves interaction with other entities and consists of three phases The first phase is the creation of the CA certificate request which is then copied off from the switch for submission to the certificate authority The second phase is the actual submission process that involves having the certificate authority verify the certificate request and then digitally signing the request to generate a certificate response the usable server host certificate The third phase is the download phase consisting of pasting to the switch web server the certificate response which is then validated by the switch and put into use by enabling SSL To generate a certificate request from the web browser interface i ii iii v V Proceed to the Security tab then the SSL button Select the Generate Certificate button Select Create CA Request from the Certificate Type drop down list If you do not wish to generate If you wish to re use the current certificate key select current from the drop down list Fill in remaining certificate arguments see on page 5 10 Click on Apply Changes to create the certificate requ
35. If a port is configured as a tagged member of a VLAN that is not used as an Unauthorized Client Authorized Client or RADIUS assigned VLAN then the client can access such VLANs only if it is capable of operating in a tagged VLAN environment Otherwise the client can access only the Unauthorized Client VLAN before authentication and either the Authorized Client or RADIUS assigned VLAN after authentication In all three cases membership will be untagged regardless of any static configuration specifying tagged membership If there is no Authorized Client or RADIUS assigned VLAN then an authenticated client can access only a statically configured untagged VLAN on that port When a client s authentication attempt on an Unauthorized Client VLAN fails the port remains a member of the Unauthorized Client VLAN until the client disconnects from the port During an authentication session on a port in 802 1x Open VLAN mode if RADIUS specifies membership in an untagged VLAN this assignment overrides port membership in the Authorized Client VLAN If there is no Authorized Client VLAN configured then the RADIUS assignment overrides any untagged VLAN for which the port is statically configured 6 30 Note Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Option For Authenticator Ports Configure Port Security To Allow Only 802 1x Devices Ifan authenticated client loses authentication during a session in 802 1x Open VLAN mode the port V
36. Li Procurve Switch Status Information P JXXXX ProCurve Switch Status Identity Conniguraton SSL Enable Off Port 443 Security Device Passwords Authorized Addresses Port Security Intrusion Log SSL Settings Diagnostics Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Configuring the Switch for SSL Operation Support Current SSL P Host Certificate C Create Certificate Certificate Request Certificate Seif Signed z Type 512 z Certificate Information Fields arsy Start Month Day Year Z meaty End Month Day Year Z Namen 10 255 255 255 Organization ewet Packard Organization Curve Newark Ca us United States gt Use Installed Certificate Installed Certificate Certificate Type RSA Key Size 512 bits Validity Start Date Validity End Date Common Name Organization Name Organization Unit City State Country Fingerprint MDS SHA Self Signed 1 1 2002 1 1 2003 10 255 255 255 Hewlett Packard ProCurve Network Roseville Ca US BE01 E39E D49C 2575 200B 30E6 E080 38C3 CE94 BFD8 86F8 1887 BE24 F173 55D4 BEOA 4E05 2C40 Apply Changes Clear Changes Figure 5 6 Web brow ser Interface showing current SSL Host Certificate Generate a CA Signed server host certificate with the Web browser interface To install a CA Signed server host certificate from the web browser interface
37. Manager Access Entry To change the mask or access level for an existing entry use the entry s IP address and enter the new value s Notice that any parameters not included in the command will be set to their default HPswitch config ip authorized managers 10 28 227 101 mask 255 255 255 0 operator The above command replaces the existing mask and access level for IP address 10 28 227 101 with 255 255 255 0 and operator The following command replaces the existing mask and access level for IP address 10 28 227 101 with 255 0 0 0 and manager the defaults because the command does not specify either of these parameters HPswitch config ip authorized managers 10 28 227 101 To Delete an Authorized Manager Entry This command uses the IP address of the authorized manager you want to delete HPswitch config no ip authorized managers 10 28 227 101 Web Configuring IP Authorized Managers In the web browser interface you can configure IP Authorized Managers as described below To Add Modify or Delete an IP Authorized Manager address 1 Click on the Security tab 2 Click on Authorized Addresses 3 Enter the appropriate parameter settings for the operation you want 4 Click on Add Replace or Delete to implement the configuration change 8 8 Using Authorized IP Managers Building IP Masks For web based help on how to use the web browser interface screen click on the button provided on the web
38. Port Based Access Control 802 1x 802 1x Open VLAN Mode 802 1x Open VLAN Mode 802 1x Authentication Commands page 6 14 802 1x Supplicant Commands page 6 34 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Commands no aaa port access authenticator e lt port list gt page 6 29 auth vid lt vlan id gt unauth vid lt vian id gt 802 1x Related Show Commands page 6 37 RADIUS server configuration pages 6 19 This section describes how to use the 802 1x Open VLAN mode to configure unauthorized client and authorized client VLANs on ports configured as 802 1x authenticators Introduction Configuring the 802 1x Open VLAN mode on a port changes how the port responds when it detects a new client In earlier releases a friendly client computer not running 802 1x supplicant software could not be authenticated on a port protected by 802 1x access security As a result the port would become blocked and the client could not access the network This prevented the client from m Acquiring IP addressing from a DHCP server Downloading the 802 1x supplicant software necessary for an authen tication session The 802 1x Open VLAN mode solves this problem by temporarily suspending the port s static untagged VLAN membership and placing the port in a desig nated Unauthorized Client VLAN In this state the client can proceed with initialization services such as acquiring IP addressing and 802 1x software and starting the authentication proces
39. Security Parameters Parameter Description Port List lt ethernet port list gt Identifies the port or ports on which to apply a port security command Learn Mode learn mode lt static continuous port access gt Specifies how the port acquires authorized addresses Continuous Default Appears in the factory default setting or when you execute no port security Allows the port to learn addresses from inbound traffic from any device s to which it is connected In this state the port accepts traffic from any device s to which it is connected Addresses learned this way appear in the switch and port address tables and age out according to the MAC Age Interval in the System Information configuration screen of the Menu interface or the show system information listing Static Enables you to use the mac address parameter to specify the MAC addresses of the devices authorized for a port and the address limit parameter to specify the number of MAC addresses author ized for the port You can authorize specific devices for the port while still allowing the port to accept other non specified devices until the device limit has been reached That is if you enter fewer MAC ad dresses than you authorized the port authorizes the remaining addresses in the order in which it automati cally learns them For example if you use address limit to specify three authorized devices but use mac address to specify only one authorized MAC ad
40. Server Host certificate on the CLI for the Switch 5 11 Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Configuring the Switch for SSL Operation Notes Zeroizing the switch s server host certificate or key automatically disables SSL sets web managementssl to No Thus if you zeroize the server host certificate or key and then generate anew key and server certificate you must also re enable SSL with the web management ssl command before the switch can resume SSL operation CLI Command to view host certificates Syntax show crypto host cert Displays switch s host certificate To view the current host certificate from the CLI you use the show crypto host cert command For example to display the new server host certificate HPSwitch config show crypto host cert i Seen Show host certificate Version 1 0x0 command Serial Number 0 0x0 Issuer CN 10 255 255 255 L Roseville ST Ca C US O Hewlett Packard OU ProCurve Network Validity Not Before Jan 1 00 00 00 2002 GHT Not After Jan 1 23 59 59 2004 GMT Subject CN 1 255 255 255 L Roseville T Ca C US O Hewlett Packard OU ProCurve Network Subject Public Key Info Public Key Algorithm rsaEncryption RSA Public Key 512 bit Modulus 512 bit Q0 db 18 4b ce 3e 7d 5a 90 d8 a5 58 d5 2a e9 60 78 d1 35 82 e9 27 71 5d 45 8d 0a b9 b4 55 69 c dl 1c 4e 30 5e 20 a6 2d 62 9c 4c cd 40 aQ 6a 0b cb 1c ce 90 1c 2c ad 26 fc 0b 07 ae db 11 65 d6 47 Exponent 35 0x23
41. This command lists the number of login attempts the switch allows in a single login session and the primary secondary access methods configured for each type of access Syntax show authentication This example shows the default authentication configuration HPswitch gt show authentication Status and Counters Authentication Information Login Attempts 3 Configuration for login and enable access Login Login eee Enable to the switch through the switch console Access Task Primary Secondary Primary Secondary port C 7 7 Console Configuration for login and enable access Telnet to the switch through Telnet Figure 2 2 Example Listing of the Switch s Authentication Configuration Viewing the Switch s Current TACACS Server Contact Configuration This command lists the timeout period encryption key and the IP addresses of the first choice and backup TACACS servers the switch can contact Syntax show tacacs For example if the switch was configured for a first choice and two backup TACACS server addresses the default timeout period and paris 1 for a global encryption key show tacacs would produce a listing similar to the following HPswitch show tacacs First Choice Status and Counters TACACS Information TACACS Server Timeout 5 Encryption Key paris 1 Second Choice Server IP Addr Opens Closes Aborts Errors Pkts Rx Pkts Tx TACACS Server 10 30 248 Third Choice 10 30 248 TAC
42. Use Models for 802 1x Open VLAN Modes You can apply the 802 1x Open VLAN mode in more than one way Depending on your use you will need to create one or two static VLANs on the switch for exclusive use by per port 802 1x Open VLAN mode authentication Unauthorized Client VLAN Configure this VLAN when unauthen ticated friendly clients will need access to some services before being authenticated Authorized Client VLAN Configure this VLAN for authenticated clients when the port is not statically configured as an untagged member of a VLAN you want clients to use or when the port is statically configured as an untagged member of a VLAN you do not want clients to use A port can be configured as untagged on only one VLAN When an Authorized Client VLAN is configured it will always be untagged and will block the port from using a statically configured untagged membership in another VLAN 6 21 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Table 6 1 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Options 802 1x Per Port Configuration No Open VLAN mode Port Response The port automatically blocks a client that cannot initiate an authentication session Open VLAN mode with both of the following configured Unauthorized Client VLAN Authorized Client VLAN When the port detects a client it automatically becomes an untagged member of this VLAN If you previously configured the port as a static tagged member o
43. a management station defined by the value of 1 in the g fourth octet of the station s IP address IP Mask 255 238 255 250 Allows 230 231 246 and 247 in the 2nd octet and 194 195 198 199 in the 4th octet Authorized 10 247 100 195 Manager IP Operating Notes Network Security Precautions You can enhance your network s security by keeping physical access to the switch restricted to autho rized personnel using the password features built into the switch and preventing unauthorized access to data on your management stations Modem and Direct Console Access Configuring authorized IP managers does not protect against access to the switch through a modem or direct Console RS 232 port connection Duplicate IP Addresses If the IP address configured in an autho rized management station is also configured in another station the other station can gain management access to the switch even though a duplicate IP address condition exists Web Proxy Servers If you use the web browser interface to access the switch from an authorized IP manager station it is recommended that you avoid the use of a web proxy server in the path between the station and the switch This is because switch access through a web proxy server requires that you first add the web proxy server to the Authorized Manager IP list This reduces security by opening switch access to anyone who uses the web proxy server The following two options outline how to elim
44. accept as authorized a MAC address that you do not intend to include in your Authorized Address list Thus if you use the CLI to remove a device that is no longer authorized it is recommended that you first reduce the Address Limit address limit integer by 1 as shown below This prevents the possibility of the same device or another unauthorized device on the network from automatically being accepted as authorized for that port To remove a device MAC address from the Authorized list and when the current number of devices equals the Address Limit value you should first reduce the Address Limit value by 1 then remove the unwanted device Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Port Security Command Options and Operation Note You can reduce the address limit below the number of currently authorized addresses on a port This enables you to subsequently remove a device from the Authorized list without opening the possibility for an unwanted device to automatically become authorized For example suppose port Al is configured as shown below and you want to remove 0c0090 123456 from the Authorized Address list HPswitch config show port security al Port Security Port Al Learn Mode Continuous Static Address Limit 1 2 Action None None E When removing 0c0090 123456 first Authorized Addresses reduce the Address Limit by 1 to prevent the portfrom automatically adding another OcO090 123456 devic
45. access authenticator e al0 a20 unauth vid 80 Configures ports A10 A20 to use VLAN 80 as the Unauthorized Client VLAN HPswitch config aaa port access authenticator e al0 a20 auth vid 81 Configures ports A10 A20 to use VLAN 81 as the Authorized Client VLAN HPswitch config aaa port access authenticator active Activates 802 1x port access on ports you have configured as authenticators 6 29 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Inspecting 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Operation Forinformation and an example on viewing current Open VLAN mode operation refer to Viewing 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Status on page 6 88 802 1x Open VLAN Operating Notes Although you can configure Open VLAN mode the same VLAN for both the Unauthorized Client VLAN and the Authorized Client VLAN this is not recommended Using the same VLAN for both purposes allows unauthenticated clients access to a VLAN intended only for authenticated clients which poses a security breach While an Unauthorized Client VLAN is in use on a port the switch temporarily removes the port from any other statically configured VLAN for which that port is configured as an untagged member Note that the Menu interface will still display the port s statically config ured VLAN An Unauthorized Client VLAN should not be statically configured on any switch port that allows access to resources that must be protected from unauthenticated clients
46. access to the first choice TACACS server In release G 05 xx TACACS does not affect web browser interface access Refer to Controlling Web Browser Interface Access When Using TACACS Authentication on page 2 24 General Authentication Setup Procedure It is important to test the TACACS service before fully implementing it Depending on the process and parameter settings you use to set up and test TACACS authentication in your network you could accidentally lock all users including yourself out of access to a switch While recovery is simple it may pose an inconvenience that can be avoided To prevent an unintentional lockout on a Series 4100GL switch use a procedure that configures and tests TACACS protection for one access type for example Telnet access while keeping the other access type console in this case open in case the Telnet access fails due to a configuration problem The following procedure outlines a general setup procedure If a complete access lockout occurs on the switch as a result of a TACACS configuration see Troubleshooting TACACS Operation in the Trouble shooting chapter of the Management and Configuration Guide for your switch 1 Familiarize yourself with the requirements for configuring your TACACS server application to respond to requests from a Series 4100GL switches Refer to the documentation provided with the TACACS server software This includes knowing whether you need to configure
47. and default display format 4 Enabling SSH on the Switch and Anticipating SSH Client Contact Behavior The ip ssh command enables or disables SSH on the switch and modifies parameters the switch uses for transactions with clients After you enable SSH the switch can authenticate itself to SSH clients Note Before enabling SSH on the switch you must generate the switch s public private key pair If you have not already done so refer to 2 Generating the Switch s Public and Private Key Pair on page 4 10 When configured for SSH the switch uses its host public key to authenticate itself to SSH clients If you also want SSH clients to authenticate themselves to the switch you must configure SSH on the switch for client public key authentication at the login Operator level To enhance security you should also configure local TACACS or RADIUS authentication at the enable Manager level 4 15 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Configuring the Switch for SSH Operation Note Refer to 5 Configuring the Switch for SSH Authentication on page 4 18 SSH Client Contact Behavior At the first contact between the switch and an SSH client if you have not copied the switch s public key into the client your client s first connection to the switch will question the connection and for security reasons give you the option of accepting or refusing As long as you are confident that an unauthorized device is not using the s
48. as shown below From the CLI Type the log command from the Manager or Configuration level Syntax log lt search text gt For lt search text gt you can use ffi security or violation For example Log Listing with Pa Pssitchiconfig A log security l _ Log Command Security Violation Keys U Warning I Information with security Detected M Major D Debug for Search String Event Log listing Events Since Boot w 08 01 02 01 18 15 FFI port A2 Security Violation W 08 01 02 04 28 08 FFI port Ail Security Violation Bottom of Log Events Listed 2 Log Listing with No HPswitch contig log security Security Violation Keys W Warning I Information Detected M Major D Debug Event Log listing Events Since Boot Bottom of Log Events Listed 0 Figure 7 15 Example of Log Listing With and Without Detected Security Violations 7 21 Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Operating Notes for Port Security From the Menu Interface In the Main Menu click on 4 Event Log and use Next page and Prev page to review the Event Log contents For More Event Log Information See Using the Event Log To Identify Problem Sources in the Troubleshooting chapter of the Management and Configuration Guide for your switch Web Checking for Intrusions Listing Intrusion Alerts and Resetting Alert Flags 1 Check the Alert Log by clicking on the Status tab and the Overview bu
49. authenticator In the case of a Series 4100GL switch running 802 1x this is a RADIUS server unless local authentication is used in which case the switch performs this function using its own username and password for authen ticating a supplicant Authenticator In HP Procurve switch applications a device such as a Series 4100GL switch that requires a supplicant to provide the proper credentials username and password before being allowed access to the network CHAP MD5 Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol Client In this application an end node device such as amanagement station workstation or mobile PC linked to the switch through a point to point LAN link 6 7 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Terminology EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol EAP enables network access that supports multiple authentication methods EAPOL Extensible Authentication Protocol Over LAN as defined in the 802 1x standard Friendly Client A client that does not pose a security risk if given access to the switch and your network MD5 An algorithm for calculating a unique digital signature over a stream of bytes It is used by CHAP to perform authentication without revealing the shared secret password PVID Port VID This is the VLAN ID for the untagged VLAN to which an 802 1x port belongs Static VLAN A VLAN that has been configured as permanent on the switch by using the CLI vlan lt vid gt co
50. belonging to the Unauthorized Client VLAN There can be an exception to this rule if the port is also a tagged member of a statically configured VLAN Refer to the Caution on page page 6 21 This access continues until the client disconnects from the port If there is no Unauthorized Client VLAN configured on the authenticator port the port simply blocks access for any unautho rized client that cannot be authenticated A client can either acquire an IP address from a DHCP server or have a preconfigured manual IP address before connecting to the switch A friendly client without 802 1x supplicant software connecting to an authenticator port must be able to download this software from the Unauthorized Client VLAN before authentication can begin Note If you use the same VLAN as the Unauthorized Client VLAN for all authenti cator ports unauthenticated clients on different ports can communicate with each other However in this case you can improve security between authen ticator ports by using the switch s Source Port filter feature For example if you are using ports B1 and B2 as authenticator ports on the same Unautho rized Client VLAN you can configure a Source Port filter on B1 to drop all packets from B2 and vice versa Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Caution Setting Up and Configuring 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Preparation This section assumes use of both the Unauthorized Cli
51. client successfully completes an authentication session the port becomes an untagged member of this VLAN e Ifthe portis statically configured as a tagged member of any other VLANs an authenticated client capable of operating in a tagged VLAN environment can access these VLANs Note if RADIUS authentication assigns a VLAN the port temporarily becomes a member of the RADIUS assigned VLAN instead of the Authorized Client VLAN while the client is connected Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Operating Rules for Authorized Client and Unauthorized Client VLANs Condition Static VLANs used as Authorized Client or Unauthorized Client VLANs VLAN Assignment Received from a RADIUS Server Temporary VLAN Membership During a Client Session Effect of Unauthorized Client VLAN session on untagged port VLAN membership Effect of Authorized Client VLAN session on untagged port VLAN membership Rule These must be configured on the switch before you configure an 802 1x authenticator port to use them Use the vlan lt vian id gt command or the VLAN Menu screen in the Menu interface Ifthe RADIUS server specifies a VLAN for an authenticated supplicant connected to an 802 1x authenticator port this VLAN assignment overrides any Authorized Client VLAN assignment configured on the authenticator port This is because both VLANs are untagged and the switch allows only one untagged VL
52. described below If the Port Used by the Client Is Not Configured as an Untagged Member of the Required Static VLAN When a client is authenticated on port N if port N is not already configured as an untagged member of the static VLAN specified by the RADIUS server then the switch temporarily assigns port N as an untagged member of the required VLAN for the duration of the 802 1x session At the same time if port N is already configured as an untagged member of another VLAN port N loses access to that other VLAN for the duration of the session This is because a port can be an untagged member of only one VLAN at a time Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x How RADIUS 802 1x Authentication Affects VLAN Operation For example suppose that a RADIUS authenticated 802 1x aware client on port A2 requires access to VLAN 22 but VLAN 22 is configured for no access on port A2 and VLAN 33 is configured as untagged on port A2 CONSOLE MANAGER MODE Switch Configuration VLAN VLAN Port Assignment default vlan vian_22 vilan_33 vian_44 Untagged No Untagged Untagged Scenario An authorized 802 1x client requires access to VLAN 22 from port A2 However access to VLAN 22 is blocked Cancel changes and return to previous not untagged or Use arrow kevs to change action selection and lt Enter gt to executi tagged on port A2 and Figure 6 7 Example of an Active VLAN Configuration In figure 6 7
53. disables SSL operation crypto host cert generate self signed arg list Generates a self signed host certificate for the switch If a switch certificate already exists replaces it with a new certificate See the Note above crypto host cert zeroize Erases the switch s host certificate and disables SSL operation To generate a host certificate from the CLI i Generate a certificate key pair This is done with the crypto key generate cert The default key size is 512 If a certificate key pair is already present in the switch it is not necessary to generate a new key pair when generating a new certificate The existing key pair may be re used and the crypto key generate cert command does not have to be executed ii Generate anew self signed host certificate This is done with the crypto host cert generate self signed Arg List command When generating a self signed host certificate on the CLI if there is not certificate key generated this command will fail 5 10 Comments on certificate fields Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Configuring the Switch for SSL Operation There are a number arguments used in the generation of a server certificate table 9 1 Certificate Field Descriptions describes these arguments Field Name Description Valid Start Date This should be the date you desire to begin using the SSL functionality Valid End Date This can be any future date however good security
54. for 802 1x supplicant operation You want to connect port Al on switch A to port B5 on switch B Switch B KO Port B5 ete ce WOU Port A1 ms Switch A Port A1 Configured as an 802 1x Supplicant RADIUS Server Figure 6 2 Example of Supplicant Operation 1 When port Al on switch A is first connected to a port on switch B or if the ports are already connected and either switch reboots port Al begins sending start packets to port B5 on switch B e If after the supplicant port sends the configured number of start packets it does not receive a response it assumes that switch B is not 802 1x aware and transitions to the authenticated state If switch B is operating properly and is not 802 1x aware then the link should begin functioning normally but without 802 1x security e If after sending one or more start packets port Al receives a request packet from port B5 then switch B is operating as an 802 1x authen ticator The supplicant port then sends a response ID packet Switch B forwards this request to a RADIUS server 2 The RADIUS server then responds with an MD5 access challenge that switch B forwards to port Al on switch A 3 Port Al replies with an MD5 hash response based on its username and password or other unique credentials Switch B forwards this response to the RADIUS server 4 The RADIUS server
55. for VLAN 22 Temporarily Changes for the 802 1x Session m With the preceeding in mind since static VLAN 33 is configured as untagged on port A2 see figure 6 7 and since a port can be untagged on only one VLAN port A2 loses access to VLAN 33 for the duration of the 802 1x session involving VLAN 22 You can verify the temporary loss of access to VLAN 33 with the show vlan 33 command Even though port A2 is HPswitch show vlan 33 configured as Untagged on static VLAN 33 see Status and Counters VLAN Information Ports VLAN 33 figure 6 7 it does not appear in the VLAN 33 802 1Q VLAN ID 33 listing while the 802 1x Name VIAN_33 session is using VLAN 22 Status Static in the Untagged status However after the 802 1x session with VLAN 22 ends the active configuration returns port A2 to VLAN 33 Overridden Port VLAN configuration Port Mode Figure 6 9 The Active Configuration for VLAN 33 Temporarily Drops Port 22 for the 802 1x Session 6 45 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x How RADIUS 802 1x Authentication Affects VLAN Operation When the 802 1x client s session on port A2 ends the port discards the temporary untagged VLAN membership At this time the static VLAN actually configured as untagged on the port again becomes available Thus when the RADIUS authenticated 802 1x session on port A2 ends VLAN 22 access on port A2 also ends and the untagged VLAN 33 access on port A2 is
56. for your switch This causes the console session to end after the specified period of inactivity thus giving you added security against unautho rized console access Note The manager and operator passwords and optional usernames control access to the menu interface CLI and web browser interface If you configure only a Manager password with no Operator password and in a later session the Manager password is not entered correctly in response to a prompt from the switch then the switch does not allow management access for that session If the switch has a password for both the Manager and Operator levels and neither is entered correctly in response to the switch s password prompt then the switch does not allow management access for that session Passwords are case sensitive Caution If the switch has neither a Manager nor an Operator password anyone having access to the switch through either Telnet the serial port or the web browser interface can access the switch with full manager privileges Also if you configure only an Operator password entering the Operator pass word enables full manager privileges The rest of this section covers how to m Set passwords m Delete passwords m Recover from a lost password 1 3 Configuring Username and Password Security Configuring Local Password Security Configuring Local Password Security Menu Setting Passwords As noted earlier in this section usernames are optiona
57. if none configured for local authentication Adding Removing or Changing the Priority of a TACACS Server Suppose that the switch was already configured to use TACACS servers at 10 28 227 10 and 10 28 227 15 In this case 10 28 227 15 was entered first and so is listed as the first choice server HPswitch show tacacs Status and Counters TacacS Information Timeout Encryption Key First Choice TACACS Server Server IP Addr Closes Aborts Errors Pkts Rx Pkts Tx 10 28 227 15 10 28 227 10 Figure 2 4 Example of the Switch with Two TACACS Server Addresses Configured To move the first choice status from the 15 server to the 10 server use the no tacacs server host lt ip addr gt command to delete both servers then use tacacs server host lt ip addr gt to re enter the 10 server first then the 15 server The servers would then be listed with the new first choice server that is TACACS Authentication Configuring TACACS on the Switch The 10 server is now the first choice TACACS authentication device HPswitch sh tacacs Status and Younters TacacsS Information Timeout 5 Encryption Key Server IH Addr Opens Closes Aborts Errors Pkts Rx Pkts Tx 10 28 227 10 0 10 28 227 15 0 Figure 2 5 Example of the Switch After Assigning a Different First Choice Server To remove the 10 28 227 15 device as a TACACS server you would use this command HPswitch config no tacacs
58. in the Intrusion Log The switch can detect and handle subsequent intrusions on that port but will not log another intrusion on the port until you reset the alert flag for either all ports or for the individual port On a given port if the intrusion action is to send an SNMP trap and then disable the port send disable and the an intruder is detected on the port then the switch sends an SNMP trap sets the port s alert flag and disables the port If you re enable the port without resetting the port s alert flag then the port operates as follows m The port comes up and will block traffic from unauthorized devices it detects m Ifthe port detects another intruder it will send another SNMP trap but will not become disabled again unless you first reset the port s intrusion flag This operation enables the port to continue passing traffic for authorized devices while you take the time to locate and eliminate the intruder Other wise the presence of an intruder could cause the switch to repeatedly disable the port Menu Checking for Intrusions Listing Intrusion Alerts and Resetting Alert Flags The menu interface indicates per port intrusions in the Port Status screen and provides details and the reset function in the Intrusion Log screen 1 From the Main Menu select 1 Status and Counters 4 Port Status 7 17 Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Reading Intrusion Alerts and Resetting Alert Flags Sass s
59. include m Server Certificate authentication with User Password Authentication SSL in the HP Procurve Series 4100GL switches is based on the OpenSSL software toolkit For more information on OpenSSL visit http Www openssl com Server Certificate authentication with User Password Authentication This option is a subset of full certificate authentication of the user and host It occurs only if the switch has SSL enabled As in figure 5 1 the switch authenticates itself to SSL enabled web browser Users on SSL browser then authenticate themselves to the switch operator and or manger levels by providing passwords stored locally on the switch or on a TACACS or RADIUS server However the client does not use a certificate to authenti cate itself to the switch 5 2 Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Terminology Seer erie Sey ote ets l HP m 1 Switch to Client SSL Cert 7 SSL Client Switch r User to Switch login password and Browser aa je enable password authentication SSL options l Server j 1 TACACS RADIUS l I l Local i l l Figure 5 1 Switch User Authentication SSL on the Series 4100GL switches supports these data encryption methods m 3DES 168 bit 112 Effective m DES 56 bit m RC4 40 bit 128 bit Note ProCurve Switches use RSA public key algorithms and Diffie Hellman and all references to a key mean k
60. list the next chronological intrusion for that port in the Intrusion Log until the alert flag for that port has been reset When a security violation occurs on a port configured for Port Security the switch responds in the following ways to notify you m The switch sets an alert flag for that port This flag remains set until e You use either the CLI menu interface or web browser interface to reset the flag e The switch is reset to its factory default configuration m The switch enables notification of the intrusion through the following means e Inthe CLI Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Reading Intrusion Alerts and Resetting Alert Flags The show port security intrusion log command displays the Intrusion Log Thelog command displays the Event Log e Inthe menu interface The Port Status screen includes a per port intrusion alert The Event Log includes per port entries for security viola tions e Inthe web browser interface The Alert Log s Status Overview window includes entries for per port security violations The Intrusion Log in the Security Intrusion Log window lists per port security violation entries e In HP TopTools for Hubs amp Switches via an SNMP trap sent to a net management station How the Intrusion Log Operates When the switch detects an intrusion attempt on a port it enters a record of this event in the Intrusion Log No further intrusion attempts on
61. on page 5 17 Your browser may not support SSLv3 or TLSv1 or it may be disable See browser documentation 5 21 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Contents Overview io ie Bet asia a Seah aaa a asian a Melee ie ae a aE 6 2 How 802 1x Operates 0 cece ene n ene 6 5 Terminology coec cece ce hk ie he ea ooh A RAE hse EN a ihe etc 6 7 General Operating Rules and Notes 00 00 e eee 6 9 General Setup Procedure for Port Based Access Control 802 1x Do These Steps Before You Configure 802 1x Operation 6 11 Overview Configuring 802 1x Authentication on the Switch 6 12 Configuring Switch Ports as 802 1x Authenticators 6 15 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Introduction 4 24 445 3 easter irda qa n a ied eA aac ewe mate 6 20 Operating Rules for Authorized Client and Unauthorized Client VLANS 0 c eee eee eee eens 6 24 Setting Up and Configuring 802 1x Open VLAN Mode 6 26 802 1x Open VLAN Operating Notes 0 00 e eee eee 6 30 Option For Authenticator Ports Configure Port Security To Allow Only 802 1x Devices 0 cece ene n ene 6 31 Configuring Switch Ports To Operate As Supplicants for 802 1x Connections to Other Switches 0 0 00 6 33 Displaying 802 1x Configuration Statistics and Counters 6 37 Show Commands for Port Access Authenticator 6 37 Viewing 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Status
62. operate as a supplicant when connected to a port on another switch running 802 1x authentication Switch Running 802 1x and M 4 Operating as an Authenticator 802 1x Aware Client Supplicant sua r E LAN Core Switch Running 802 1x and RADIUS Server Connected as a Supplicant Figure 6 1 Example of an 802 1x Application Accounting The Series 4100GL switches also provide RADIUS Network accounting for 802 1x access Refer to Configuring RADIUS Accounting on page 3 16 6 4 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x How 802 1x Operates How 802 1x Operates Authenticator Operation This operation provides security on a direct point to point link between a single client and the switch where both devices are 802 1x aware If you expect desirable clients that do not have the necessary 802 1x supplicant software you can provide a path for downloading such software by using the 802 1x Open VLAN mode refer to 802 1x Open VLAN Mode on page 6 20 For example suppose that you have configured a port on the switch for 802 1x authentication operation If you then connect an 802 1x aware client suppli cant to the port and attempt to log on 1 When the switch detects the client on the port it blocks access to the LAN from that port The switch responds with an identity request The client responds with a user name that uniquely d
63. password command the web browser interface or the menu interface which enables only local password configuration m Ifthe operator at the requesting terminal correctly enters the user name password pair for either access level access is granted m Ifthe username password pair entered at the requesting terminal does not match either username password pair previously configured locally in the switch access is denied In this case the terminal is again prompted to enter a username password pair In the default configuration the switch allows up to three attempts If the requesting terminal exhausts the attempt limit without a successful authentica tion the login session is terminated and the operator at the requesting terminal must initiate a new session before trying again The switch s menu allows you to configure only the local Operator and Manager passwords and not any usernames In this case all prompts for local authentication will request only a local password However if you use the CLI or the web browser interface to configure usernames for local access you will see a prompt for both a local username and a local password during local authentication 2 22 Note TACACS Authentication How Authentication Operates Using the Encryption Key General Operation on When used the encryption key sometimes termed key secret key or secret helps to prevent unauthorized intruders on the network from reading
64. practices would suggest a valid duration of about one year between updates of passwords and keys Common name This should be the IP address or domain name associated with the switch Your web browser may warn you if this field does not match the URL entered into the web browser when accessing the switch Organization This is the name of the entity e g company where the switch is in service Organizational This is the name of the sub entity e g department where the Unit switch is in service City or location This is the name of the city where switch is in service State name This isthe name of the state or province where switch is in service Country code This is the ISO two letter country code where switch is in service Table 9 1 Certificate Field Descriptions For example to generate a key and a new host certificate HPSwitch config crypto key generate cert 512 Installing new RSA key If the key entropy cach depleted this could take up to a minute ois ee Generate New Key HP Switch config crypto host cert generate self signed Validity start date 017 0171970 Validity end date 01 01 2003 Common name 180 255 255 255 Organization Company Name Organizational unit Dept Name City or location City State name State Country code US 180 255 255 255 Hewlett Packard ProCurve Network Generate New Certificate Enter certificate Arguments Figure 5 3 Example of Generating a Self Signed
65. process for granting user access to a device through entry of a user name and password and comparison of this username password pair with previously stored username password data Authentication also grants levels of access depending on the privileges assigned to a user name and password pair by a system administrator e Local Authentication This method uses username password pairs configured locally on the switch one pair each for manager level and operator level access to the switch You can assign local usernames and passwords through the CLI or web browser inter face Using the menu interface you can assign a local password but not a username Because this method assigns passwords to the switch instead of to individuals who access the switch you must distribute the password information on each switch to everyone who needs to access the switch and you must configure and manage password protection on a per switch basis For more on local authentication see the password and username information in the Configuration and Management Guide onthe Documentation CD ROM shipped with your Series 4100GL switches 2 4 TACACS Authentication General System Requirements e TACACS Authentication This method enables you to use a TACACS server in your network to assign a unique password user name and privilege level to each individual or group who needs access to one or more switches or other TACACS aware devices This allows you to a
66. public key file most recently copied into the switch aaa authentication ssh login public key local Allows SSH client access if there is a public key match see above or if the client s user enters the switch s login Operator password With login public key local configured if the switch does not have an Operator level password it blocks client public key access to SSH clients whose private keys do not match a public key in the switch s client public key file To enable client public key authentication to block SSH clients whose public keys are not in the client public key file copied into the switch you must configure the Login Secondary as none Otherwise the switch allows such clients to attempt access using the switch s Operator password 4 26 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Messages Related to SSH Operation Messages Related to SSH Operation Message Meaning 00000K Peer unreachable Indicates an error in communicating with the tftp server or not finding the file to download Causes include such factors as e Incorrect IP configuration on the switch e Incorrect IP address in the command e Case upper lower error in the filename used in the command e Incorrect configuration on the TFTP server e The file is not in the expected location e Network misconfiguration e No cable connection to the network 00000K Transport error Indicates the switch experienced a problem when trying to co
67. restored VLAN ID 33 After the 802 1x session VLAN 33 on VLAN 22 ends the Status Static active configuration again includes VLAN 33 Port Information Mode Unknown VLAN Status on port A2 Untagged Learn Tagged Learn Figure 6 10 The Active Configuration for VLAN 33 Restores Port A2 After the 802 1x Session Ends Notes Any port VLAN ID changes you make on 802 1x aware ports during an 802 1x authenticated session do not take effect until the session ends With GVRP enabled a temporary untagged static VLAN assignment created on a port by 802 1x authentication is advertised as an existing VLAN If this temporary VLAN assignment causes the switch to disable a configured untagged static VLAN assignment on the port then the disabled VLAN assignment is not advertised When the 802 1x session ends the switch m Eliminates and ceases to advertise the temporary VLAN assignment m Re activates and resumes advertising the temporarily disabled VLAN assignment 6 46 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Messages Related to 802 1x Operation Messages Related to 802 1x Operation Table 6 2 802 1x Operating Messages Message Meaning Port lt port list gt is not an authenticator The ports in the port list have not been enabled as 802 1x authenticators Use this command to enable the ports as authenticators HPswitch config aaa port access authenticator e 10 Port lt port list gt is
68. server host 10 28 227 15 Configuring an Encryption Key Use an encryption key in the switch if the switch will be requesting authentication from a TACACS server that also uses an encryption key If the server expects a key but the switch either does not provide one or provides an incorrect key then the authentication attempt will fail Use a global encryption key if the same key applies to all TACACS servers the switch may use for authentication attempts Use a per server encryption key if different servers the switch may use will have different keys For more details on encryption keys see Using the Encryption Key on page 2 23 To configure north01 as a global encryption key HPswitch config tacacs server key north01 To configure north01 as a per server encryption key HPswitch config tacacs server host 10 28 227 63 key north01 An encryption key can contain up to 100 characters without spaces and is likely to be case sensitive in most TACACS server applications To delete a global encryption key from the switch use this command HPswitch config no tacacs server key 2 19 TACACS Authentication How Authentication Operates To delete a per server encryption key in the switch re enter the tacacs server host command without the key parameter For example if you have north01 configured as the encryption key for a TACACS server with an IP address of 10 28 227 104 and you want to eliminate the key you would u
69. servers configured to support authen tication requests if the first server fails to respond then the switch tries the next serverin the list and so on If none of the servers respond then the switch attempts to use the secondary authentication method configured for the type of access being attempted console Telnet or SSH If this occurs refer to RADIUS Related Problems in the Troubleshooting chapter of the Manage ment and Configuration Guide for your switch For example suppose that your switch is configured to use three RADIUS servers for authenticating access through Telnet and SSH Two of these servers use the same encryption key In this case your plan is to configure the switch with the following global authentication parameters m Allow only two tries to correctly enter username and password m Use the global encryption key to support the two servers that use the same key For this example assume that you did not configure these two servers with a server specific key m Use a dead time of five minutes for a server that fails to respond to an authentication request m Allow three seconds for request timeouts m Allow two retries following a request that did not receive a response HPswitch config aaa authentication num attempts 2 HPswitch config radius server key My Global Key 1099 HPswitch config radius server dead time 5 HPswitch config radius server timeout 3 HPswitch config radius server retr
70. tacacs server configuration as the first choice or only TACACS server The switch was not able to contact the first choice TACACS server and is now attempting to contact the next secondary TACACS server identified in the switch s tacacs server configuration The system does not recognize the username or the password or both Depending on the authentication method tacacs or local either the TACACS server application did not recognize the username password pair or the username password pair did not match the username password pair configured in the switch The switch has not been able to contact any designated TACACS servers If this message is followed by the Username prompt the switch is attempting local authentication For console access if you select tacacs as the primary authentication method you must selectlocal as the secondary authentication method This prevents you from being locked out of the switch if all designated TACACS servers are inaccessible to the switch When resulting from a tacacs server host lt ip addr gt command indicates an attempt to enter a duplicate TACACS server IP address Operating Notes If you configure Authorized IP Managers on the switch it is not necessary to include any devices used as TACACS servers in the authorized manager list That is authentication traffic between a TACACS server and the switch is not subject to Authorized IP Manager controls configured on the switch Al
71. the 10 28 227 87 address Controlling Web Browser Interface Access When Using TACACS Authentication Configuring the switch for TACACS authentication does not affect web browser interface access To prevent unauthorized access through the web browser interface do one or more of the following Configure local authentication a Manager user name and password and optionally an Operator user name and password on the switch Configure the switch s Authorized IP Manager feature to allow web browser access only from authorized management stations The Authorized IP Manager feature does not interfere with TACACS operation m Disable web browser access to the switch by going to the System Information screen in the Menu interface and configuring the Web Agent Enabled parameter to No 2 24 TACACS Authentication Messages Related to TACACS Operation Messages Related to TACACS Operation The switch generates the CLI messages listed below However you may see other messages generated in your TACACS server application For informa tion on such messages refer to the documentation you received with the application CLI Message Connecting to Tacacs server Connecting to secondary Tacacs server Invalid password No Tacacs servers responding Not legal combination of authentication methods Record already exists Meaning The switch is attempting to contact the TACACS server identified in the switch s
72. the first server Figure 3 17 Search Order for Accessing a RADIUS Server 3 27 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Changing RADIUS Server Access Order To exchange the positions of the addresses so that the server at 10 10 10 003 will be the first choice and the server at 10 10 10 001 will be the last you would do the following 1 Delete 10 10 10 003 from the list This opens the third lowest position in the list 2 Delete 10 10 10 001 from the list This opens the first highest position in the list 3 Re enter 10 10 10 003 Because the switch places a newly entered address in the highest available position this address becomes first in the list 4 Re enter 10 10 10 001 Because the only position open is the third position this address becomes last in the list HPswitch config no radius host 10 10 003 Removes the 003 and 001 addresses fromthe HPswitch config no radius host 10 10 001 RADIUS server list HPswitch config radius host 10 10 10 003 HPswitch config radius host 10 10 001 Inserts the 003 address in the first position in the RADIUS server list and inserts the 001 HPswitch config show radius addresss in the last position in the list Status and Counters General RADIUS Information Deadtime min O Timeout secs 5 Retransmit Attempts 3 Global Encryption Key Auth Acet Server IP Addr Port Port Encryption Key 10 10 10 2 searches for a RADIUS server 10
73. the switch press and hold the Clear button on the front of the switch for a minimum of one second to clear all password protection then enter new passwords as described earlier in this chapter If you do not have physical access to the switch you will need Manager Level access 1 Enter the console at the Manager level 2 Go to the Set Passwords screen as described above 3 Select Delete Password Protection You will then see the following prompt Continue Deletion of passw ord protection No 4 Press the Space bar to select Yes then press Enter 5 Press Enter to clear the Password Protection message To Recover from a Lost Manager Password If you cannot start a con sole session at the Manager level because of a lost Manager password you can clear the password by getting physical access to the switch and pressing and holding the Clear button for a minimum of one second This action deletes all passwords and usernames Manager and Operator used by both the console and the web browser interface CLI Setting Passwords and Usernames Commands Used in This Section password See below Configuring Manager and Operator Passwords Syntax no password lt manager operator gt user name ASCII STR no password lt all gt HPswitch config password manager A ae eet New password ee eee CRTC SS a You must type the Please retype new password password entry twice HPswitch conf
74. the terminal Ifthe username password pair entered at the requesting terminal does not match a username password pair previously stored in the server access is denied In this case the terminal is again prompted to enter a username and repeat steps 2 through 4 In the default configuration the switch allows up to three attempts to authenticate a login session If the requesting terminal exhausts the attempt limit without a successful TACACS authentication the login session is terminated and the operator at the requesting terminal must initiate a new session before trying again 2 21 TACACS Authentication How Authentication Operates Note Local Authentication Process When the switch is configured to use TACACS it reverts to local authentica tion only if one of these two conditions exists m Local is the authentication option for the access method being used m TACACS is the primary authentication mode for the access method being used However the switch was unable to connect to any TACACS servers or no servers were configured AND Local is the secondary authentication mode being used For a listing of authentication options see table 2 2 Primary Secondary Authentication Table on 2 13 For local authentication the switch uses the operator level and manager level username password set s previously configured locally on the switch These are the usernames and passwords you can configure using the CLI
75. then analyzes the response and sends either a suc cess or failure packet back through switch B to port A1 e A success response unblocks port B5 to normal traffic from port A1 6 6 Note Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Terminology e A failure response continues the block on port B5 and causes port A1 to wait for the held time period before trying again to achieve authentication through port B5 You can configure a switch port to operate as both a supplicant and an authenticator at the same time Terminology 802 1x Aware Refers to a device that is running either 802 1x authenticator software or 802 1x client software and is capable of interacting with other devices on the basis of the IEEE 802 1x standard Authorized Client VLAN Like the Unauthorized Client VLAN this is a conventional static VLAN previously configured on the switch by the System Administrator The intent in using this VLAN is to provide authen ticated clients with network services that are not available on either the port s statically configured VLAN memberships or any VLAN member ships that may be assigned during the RADIUS authentication process While an 802 1x port is a member of this VLAN the port is untagged When the client connection terminates the port drops its membership in this VLAN Authentication Server The entity providing an authentication service to the switch when the switch is configured to operate as an
76. to all network resources that have membership in the VLAN you designate as the Unauthorized Client VLAN A port configured to use a given Unau thorized Client VLAN does not have to be statically configured as a 6 8 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x General Operating Rules and Notes member of that VLAN as long as at least one other port on the switch is statically configured as a tagged or untagged member of the same Unau thorized Client VLAN Untagged VLAN Membership A port can be an untagged member of only one VLAN In the factory default configuration all ports on the switch are untagged members of the default VLAN An untagged VLAN member ship is required for a client that does not support 802 1q VLAN tagging A port can simultaneously have one untagged VLAN membership and multiple tagged VLAN memberships Depending on how you configure 802 1x Open VLAN mode for a port a statically configured untagged VLAN membership may become unavailable while there is a client session on the port See also Tagged VLAN Membership General Operating Rules and Notes m When a port on the switch is configured as either an authenticator or supplicant and is connected to another device rebooting the switch causes a re authentication of the link m When a port on the switch is configured as an authenticator it will block access to a client that either does not provide the proper authentication credentials or is not 802 1x a
77. try to authenticate the supplicant If authentication is successful the port becomes unblocked Similarly if the supplicant is authenticated and later the port becomes a trunk member the port will be blocked If the port is then removed from the trunk it tries to re authenticate the supplicant If successful the port becomes unblocked m To help maintain security 802 1x and LACP cannot both be enabled on the same port If you try to configure 802 1x on a port already configured for LACP or the reverse you will see a message similar to the following Error configuring port X LACP and 802 1x cannot be run together Note on 802 1x To help maintain security the switch does not allow 802 1x and LACP to both and LACP be enabled at the same time on the same port Refer to 802 1x Operating Messages on page 6 47 6 10 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x General Setup Procedure for Port Based Access Control 802 1x General Setup Procedure for Port Based Access Control 802 1x Do These Steps Before You Configure 802 1x Operation l Configure a local username and password on the switch for both the Operator login and Manager enable access levels While this may or may not be required for your 802 1x configuration HP recommends that you use a local username and password pair at least until your other security measures are in place Determine which ports on the switch you want to operate as authentica t
78. 0 0 5 15 3 Enabling SSL on the Switch and Anticipating SSL Browser Contact Behavior 5 17 Using the CLI interface to enable SSL 0055 5 19 Using the web browser interface to enable SSL 5 19 Common Errors in SSL setup 0 0 00 cece eens 5 21 6 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Contents es o5es bg Sick are tenets bs GATES eas Dew hs Ga ode he Was A E D R 6 1 Overview ico ic od eed ewe PIA Be te ese he 6 2 Why Use Port Based Access Control 0202 eee 6 2 General Features 0 0 ccc ccc eee n eee nee eens 6 2 How 802 1x Operates 0 0 ccc eect eens 6 5 Authenticator Operation 0 ee 6 5 Switch Port Supplicant Operation 00 02 e eee eee 6 6 Terminology oean fe eh eo A eS he Bens 6 7 General Operating Rules and Notes 00 ce eeeee 6 9 General Setup Procedure for Port Based Access Control 802 1x 0 00 c cece eee 6 11 Do These Steps Before You Configure 802 1x Operation 6 11 Overview Configuring 802 1x Authentication on the Switch 6 12 Configuring Switch Ports as 802 1x Authenticators 6 14 1 Enable 802 1x Authentication on Selected Ports 6 15 3 Configure the 802 1x Authentication Method 6 18 4 Enter the RADIUS Host IP Address es 02000 6 19 5 Enable 802 1x Authentication on the Switch
79. 10 10 1 10 10 10 Shows the new order in which the switch 1612 1813 Figure 3 18 Example of New RADIUS Server Search Order 3 28 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Messages Related to RADIUS Operation Messages Related to RADIUS Operation Message Meaning Can t reach RADIUS server lt X X X X gt A designated RADIUS server is not responding to an authentication request Try pinging the server to determine whether it is accessible to the switch If the server is accessible then verify that the switch is using the correct encryption key and that the server is correctly configured to receive an authentication request from the switch No server s responding The switch is configured for and attempting RADIUS authentication however it is not receiving a response from a RADIUS server Ensure that the switch is configured to access at least one RADIUS server Use show radius If you also see the message Can t reach RADIUS server lt x x x x gt try the suggestions listed for that message Not legal combination of authentication methods Indicates an attempt to configure local as both the primary and secondary authentication methods If local is the primary method then none must be the secondary method 3 29 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Contents Overview oo es goede ee ia ah arnt E oe Ria aso Mes acale ae Seale Naas ga 4 2 PerminOlogy screed eel etka ea Bee Sa ie Hie aed M
80. 1x Configuring Switch Ports as 802 1x Authenticators 4 Enter the RADIUS Host IP Address es If you selected either eap radius or chap radius for the authentication method configure the switch to use 1 to 3 RADIUS servers for authentication The following syntax shows the basic commands For coverage of all commands related to RADIUS server configuration refer to RADIUS Authentication and Accounting on page 3 1 Syntax radius host lt ip address gt Adds a server to the RADIUS configuration key lt server specific key string gt Optional Specifies an encryption key for use during authentication or accounting sessions with the spec ified server This key must match the key used on the RADIUS server Use this option only if the specified server requires a different key than configured for the global encryption key radius server key lt global key string gt Specifies the global encryption key the switch uses for sessions with servers for which the switch does not have a server specic key This key is optional if all RADIUS server addresses configured in the switch include a server specific encryption key 5 Enable 802 1x Authentication on the Switch After configuring 802 1x authentication as described in the preceding four sections activate it with this command Syntax aaa port access authenticator active Activates 802 1x port access on ports you have configured as authenticators 6 19 Configuring
81. 440 minutes for non responsive servers This requires that you have multiple RADIUS servers accessible for service requests RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Configuring the Switch for RADIUS Authentication Configuring the Switch for RADIUS Authentication RADIUS Authentication Commands Page aaa authentication 3 8 lt console telnet ssh gt lt enable login gt radius 3 8 lt local none gt 3 8 no radius server host lt IP address gt 3 10 auth port lt port number gt 3 10 acct port lt port number gt 3 10 3 19 key lt server specific key string gt 3 10 no radius server key lt global key string gt 3 12 radius server timeout lt 1 15 gt 3 12 radius server retransmit lt 1 5 gt 3 12 no radius server dead time lt 1 1440 gt 3 13 show radius 3 23 lt host lt ip address gt 3 23 show authentication 3 25 show radius authentication 3 25 Outline of the Steps for Configuring RADIUS Authentication There are three main steps to configuring RADIUS authentication 1 Configure RADIUS authentication for controlling access through one or more of the following e Serial port e Telnet e SSH e Port Access 802 1x 2 Configure the switch for accessing one or more RADIUS servers one primary server and up to two backup servers 3 6 Note RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Configuring the Switch for RADIUS Authentication This step assumes you have already con
82. ACS Server 10 30 248 Figure 2 3 Example of the Switch s TACACS Configuration Listing 2 10 TACACS Authentication Configuring TACACS on the Switch Configuring the Switch s Authentication Methods The aaa authentication command configures the access control for console port and Telnet access to the switch That is for both access methods aaa authentication specifies whether to use a TACACS server or the switch s local authentication or for some secondary scenarios no authentication meaning that if the primary method fails authentication is denied This command also reconfigures the number of access attempts to allow in a session if the first attempt uses an incorrect username password pair Syntax aaa authentication lt console telnet gt Selects either console serial port or Telnet access for configuration lt enable login gt Selects either the Manager enable or Operator login access level lt local tacacs radius gt Selects the type of security access local Authenticates with the Manager and Operator password you configure in the switch tacacs Awthenticates with a password and other data configured on a TACACS server radius Awthenticates with a password and other data configured on a RADIUS server Refer to RADIUS Authentication and Accounting on page 3 1 lt local none gt If the primary authentication method fails determines whether
83. AN membership per port For example suppose you configured port A4 to place authenticated supplicants in VLAN 20 If a RADIUS server authenticates supplicant A and assigns this supplicant to VLAN 50 then the port can access VLAN 50 for the duration of the client session When the client discon nects from the port then the port drops these assignments and uses only the VLAN memberships for which it is statically configured e Port membership in a VLAN assigned to operate as the Unauthorized Client VLAN is temporary and ends when the client receives authentication or the client disconnects from the port whichever is first e Port membership in a VLAN assigned to operate as the Authorized Client VLAN is also temporary and ends when the client disconnects from the port If a VLAN assignment from a RADIUS server is used instead the same rule applies e When an unauthenticated client connects to a port that is already configured with a static untagged VLAN the switch temporarily moves the port to the Unauthorized Client VLAN also untagged While the Unauthorized Client VLAN is in use the port does not access the static untagged VLAN e When the client either becomes authenticated or disconnects the port leaves the Unauthorized Client VLAN and reacquires its untagged membership in the statically configured VLAN e When a client becomes authenticated on a port that is already configured with a static untagged VLAN the switch tempor
84. Alarm Disable Port Alarm Alarm Alarm Alarm oO aAnurhuUN Fe Figure 7 2 Example Port Security Listing Ports A7 and A8 Show the Default Setting Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Port Security Command Options and Operation With port numbers included in the command show port security displays Learn Mode Address Limit alarm Action and Authorized Addresses for the spec ified ports on a switch The following example lists the full port security configuration for a single port HPswitch config show port security A3 Port Security Port A3 Learn Mode Static Address Limit 1 Action Send Alarm Authorized Addresses 00906da fdecOO Figure 7 3 Example of the Port Security Configuration Display for a Single Port The following command example shows the option for entering a range of ports including a series of non contiguous ports Note that no spaces are allowed in the port number portion of the command string HPswitch config show port security A1 A3 A6 A8 Configuring Port Security Using the CLI you can m Configure port security and edit security settings m Addor delete devices from the list of authorized addresses for one or more ports m Clear the Intrusion flag on specific ports Syntax port security e lt port list gt learn mode lt continuous static port access gt address limit lt integer gt mac address lt mac addr gt lt mac addr gt lt mac addr gt
85. Authentication Dial In User Service RADIUS Client The device that passes user information to designated RADIUS servers RADIUS Host See RADIUS server RADIUS Server A server running the RADIUS application you are using on your network This server receives user connection requests from the switch authenticates users and then returns all necessary information to the switch For the HP switch a RADIUS server can also perform accounting functions Sometimes termed a RADIUS host Shared Secret Key A text value used for encrypting datain RADIUS packets Both the RADIUS client and the RADIUS server have a copy of the key and the key is never transmitted across the network 3 3 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Switch Operating Rules for RADIUS Switch Operating Rules for RADIUS You must have at least one RADIUS server accessible to the switch m The switch supports authentication and accounting using up to three RADIUS servers The switch accesses the servers in the order in which they are listed by show radius page 3 23 If the first server does not respond the switch tries the next one and so on To change the order in which the switch accesses RADIUS servers refer to Changing RADIUS Server Access Order on page 3 27 m Youcanselect RADIUS asthe primary authentication method for each type of access Only one primary and one secondary access method is allowed for each access type Inthe HP switch
86. Authentication Information from a Specific Server 3 25 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Viewing RADIUS Statistics RADIUS Accounting Statistics Syntax show accounting Lists configured accounting interval Empty User supression status accounting types methods and modes show radius accounting Lists accounting statistics for the RADIUS server s configured in the switch using the radius server host command show accounting sessions Lists the accounting sessions currently active on the switch HPswitch show accounting Status and Counters Accounting Information Interval min 5 Suppress Empty User Yes Method Mode Network None l Exec Radius Start Stop System Radius Stop Only Figure 3 14 Listing the Accounting Configuration in the Switch HPswitck show radius accounting Status and Counters RADIUS Accounting Information NAS Identifier HPswitch Invalid Server Addresses UDP Server IP Addr Port Timeouts Requests Responses 192 33 12 65 1813 Figure 3 15 Example of RADIUS Accounting Information for a Specific Server 3 26 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Changing RADIUS Server Access Order HPswitch show accounting sessions Active Accounted actions on CONSOLE User radius Priv 2 Session ID 1 EXEC Accounting record 00 02 32 Elapsed Figure 3 16 Example Listing of Active RADIUS Accounting Sessions on the Switch Changing RADIUS Server Access Ord
87. B Remotely Accessing The Switch Via Telnet to the TACACS server for authentication The TACACS server determines whether to allow access to the switch and what privilege level to allow for TACACS Server B1 B4 Path for Request from a given access request Response Terminal B Through Telnet Figure 2 1 Example of TACACS Operation Access Request Al A4 Path for Request from Terminal A Through Console Port TACACS in the Series 4100GL switches manages authentication of logon attempts through either the Console port or Telnet TACACS uses an authen tication hierarchy consisting of 1 remote passwords assigned in a TACACS Notes Regarding Software Release G 05 xx TACACS Authentication Overview server and 2 local passwords configured on the switch That is with TACACS configured the switch first tries to contact a designated TACACS server for authentication services If the switch fails to connect to any TACACS server it defaults to its own locally assigned passwords for authen tication control if it has been configured to do so For both Console and Telnet access you can configure a login read only and an enable read write privilege level access Software release G 05 xx or greater for the Series 4100GL switches enables TACACS authentication which allows or denies access to a Series 4100GL switches on the basis of correct username password pair
88. Based Access Control 802 1x Displaying 802 1x Configuration Statistics and Counters 25 as an authorized VLAN then the port s membership in VLAN 1 will be temporarily suspended whenever an authenticated 802 1x client is attached to the port Table 6 1 Open VLAN Mode Status Status Indicator Meaning Port Lists the ports configured as 802 1x port access authenticators Status Closed Either no clientis connected or the connected client has not received authorization through 802 1x authentication Open An authorized 802 1x supplicant is connected to the port Access Control This state is controlled by the following port access command syntax HPswitch config aaa port access authenticator lt port list gt control lt authorized auto unauthorized gt Auto Configures the port to allow network access to any connected device that supports 802 1x authentication and provides valid 802 1x credentials This is the default authenticator setting FA Configures the port for Force Authorized which allows access to any device connected to the port regardless of whether it meets 802 1x criteria You can still configure console Telnet or SSH security on the port FU Configures the port for Force Unauthorized which blocks access to any device connected to the port regardless of whether the device meets 802 1x criteria Authenticator State Connecting A client is connected to the port but has not receiv
89. Encryption Key the accounting port UDP port numbers Because auth port was not included in the Auth acct command the authentication UDP port is set Server IP Addr Port Port Encryption Key to the default 1812 10 33 16 151 1612 1750 sourceO1i51 Figure 3 7 Example of Configuring for a RADIUS Server with a Non Default Accounting UDP Port Number The radius server command as shown in figure 3 7 above configures the switch to use a RADIUS server at IP address 10 33 18 151 with a non default UDP accounting port of 1750 and a server specific key of source0151 2 Configure Accounting Types and the Controls for Sending Reports to the RADIUS Server Select the Accounting Type s m Exec Use exec if you want to collect accounting information on login sessions on the switch via the console Telnet or SSH See also Accounting on page 3 2 m System Use system if you want to collect accounting data when e Asystem boot or reload occurs e System accounting is turned on or off Note that there is no timespan associated with using the system option It simply causes the switch to transmit whatever accounting data it cur rently has when one of the above events occurs Network Use Network if you want to collect accounting information on 802 1x port based access users connected to the physical ports on the switch to access the network See also Accounting on page 2 For information on this feature refer to Config
90. Entries Ist 2nd 3rd 4th Manager Level or Operator Level Device Access Octet Octet Octet Octet IP Mask 255 255 255 0 The 255 in the first three octets of the mask specify that only the exact value in the octet of the corresponding IP address is allowed However Authorized 10 28 aol 123 the zero 0 in the 4th octet of the mask allows any value between 0 and 255 in that octet of the corresponding IP address This mask allows switch access to any device having an IP address of 10 28 227 xxx where Xxx is any value from 0 to 255 IP Mask 255 255 255 249 In this example figure 8 6 below the IP mask allows a group of up to 4 management stations to access the switch This is useful if the only ee 10 28 cet 125 devices in the IP address group allowed by the mask are management stations The 249 in the 4th octet means that bits 0 and 3 7 of the 4th octet are fixed Conversely bits 1 and 2 of the 4th octet are variable Any value that matches the authorized IP address settings for the fixed bits is allowed for the purposes of IP management station access to the switch Thus any management station having an IP address of 10 28 227 121 123 125 or 127 can access the switch Manager IP 4th Octet of IP Mask 249 4th Octet of Authorized IP Address 5 BitNumbers Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Bit Values 128 64 32 4 2 1 16 8 4th Octet of Bits 1 and 2 in the mask are off and bits 0 and 3
91. Group Exclusion 0 0 cee cece eee eee 7 4 Planning Port Security 0 0 ccc cee nnn 7 5 Port Security Command Options and Operation Retention of Static Addresses ccscsccuecueceeueeeueueeeeeueeueaenas 7 8 Displaying Current Port Security Settings 7 9 Configuring Port Security 0 cece cee eee eee 7 10 Web Displaying and Configuring Port Security Features 7 15 Reading Intrusion Alerts and Resetting Alert Flags Notice of Security Violations 0 cece ee eee 7 15 How the Intrusion Log Operates 00 0000 c eee ee eee 7 16 Keeping the Intrusion Log Current by Resetting Alert Flags 7 17 Menu Checking for Intrusions Listing Intrusion Alerts and Resetting Alert Flags 2 0 0 c eee cee eee eras 7 17 CLI Checking for Intrusions Listing Intrusion Alerts and Resetting Alert Plagsy benemen dou seis eeateamal ee geese esa E N bans 7 19 Using the Event Log To Find Intrusion Alerts 7 21 Web Checking for Intrusions Listing Intrusion Alerts and Resetting Alert Pla gs sos ceacees 28 co eee A ae A hee eee oa ae eee 7 22 Operating Notes for Port Security 0 0 cece eee eee ee 7 220 7 1 Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Overview Note Overview Feature Default Menu CLI Web Displaying Current Port Security n a page 7 9 page 7 15 Configuring Port Security disabled page 7 10 page 7 15 In
92. Installation and Getting Started Guide shipped with the switch for the following Notes cautions and warnings related to installing and using the switch and its related modules Instructioins for physically installing the switch in your network Quickly assigning an IP address and subnet mask set a Manager pass word and optionally configure other basic features xix Configuring Username and Password Security Contents Overview cc oi gies ee eed aia oh etait Re oe Ra doo 8 Mi aca se Spee eae Agee 1 2 Configuring Local Password Security 000005 1 4 Menu Setting Passwords 00 eee e eee eee eee eens 1 4 CLI Setting Passwords and Usernames 2 2 000005 1 5 Web Setting Passwords and Usernames 2 0 000 1 6 1 1 Configuring Username and Password Security Overview Note Overview Feature Default Menu CLI Web SetUsernames nousernamesset pagel 6 Set a Password no passwords set page 1 4 page1l 5 page 1 6 Delete Password n a page 1 4 page1 6 page 1 6 Protection Console access includes both the menu interface and the CLI There are two levels of console access Manager and Operator For security you can set a password pair username and password on each of these levels Usernames are optional Also in the menu interface you can configure passwords but not usernames To configure usernames use the CLI or the web browser interfa
93. LAN membership reverts back to the Unauthorized Client VLAN Option For Authenticator Ports Configure Port Security To Allow Only 802 1x Devices If you are using port security on authenticator ports you can configure it to learn only the MAC address of the first 802 1x aware device detected on the port Then only traffic from this specific device is allowed on the port When this device logs off another 802 1x aware device can be authenticated on the port Syntax port security ethernet lt port list gt learn mode port access Configures port security on the specified port s to allow only the first 802 1x aware device that the port detects action lt none send alarm send disable gt Configures the port s response in addition to blocking unauthorized traffic to detecting an intruder Port Security operates with 802 1x authentication as described above only if the selected ports are configured as 802 1x that is with the control mode in the port access authenticator command set to auto For example to configure port A10 for 802 1x authenticator operation and display the result HPswitch config aaa port access authenticator e A10 control auto HPswitch config show port access authenticator e A10 config Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Option For Authenticator Ports Configure Port Security To Allow Only 802 1x Devices Note on Blocking a Non 802 1x Device If the port s 802 1x authenti
94. Local Password Security 000005 1 4 Menu Setting Passwords 0 00 eect eee eee eens 1 4 CLI Setting Passwords and Usernames 2 00000 1 5 Web Setting Passwords and Usernames 2 0 000 1 6 iii iv 2 TACACS Authentication Contents 5 5 25 ios inean oriiry o oa Ate ewe Oe whe Reeds Aba Ae Daa 2 1 Overview ice hides o ea eel See a NS Be te see Rj es 2 2 Terminology Used in TACACS Applications 2 4 General System Requirements 00 0 0 c cee eee eens 2 5 General Authentication Setup Procedure 2 6 Configuring TACACS on the Switch 000055 2 9 Before You Begin 0 ccc cee ce net tence nee e 2 9 CLI Commands Described in this Section 000005 2 9 Viewing the Switch s Current Authentication Configuration 2 10 Viewing the Switch s Current TACACS Server Contact Configuration 0 0 seansen neronen 2 10 Configuring the Switch s Authentication Methods 2 11 Configuring the Switch s TACACS Server Access 2 15 How Authentication Operates 0 0 0 0 2 20 General Authentication Process Using a TACACS Server 2 20 Local Authentication Process 0 c cece eee eens 2 22 Using the Encryption Key 0 cece eee eee eee 2 23 General Operation 0 cece cece eee een n ences 2 23 Encryption Opti
95. MAC address and not your PC or workstation MAC address and interprets your connection as unauthorized Prior To Entries in the Intrusion Log If you reset the switch using the Reset button Device Reset or Reboot Switch the Intrusion Log will list the time of all currently logged intrusions as prior to the time of the reset Alert Flag Status for Entries Forced Off of the Intrusion Log If the Intrusion Log is full of entries for which the alert flags have not been reset a new intrusion will cause the oldest entry to drop off the list but will not change the alert flag status for the port referenced in the dropped entry This means that even if an entry is forced off of the Intrusion Log no new intrusions can be logged on the port referenced in that entry until you reset the alert flags LACP Not Available on Ports Configured for Port Security To main tain security LACP is not allowed on ports configured for port security If you configure port security on a port on which LACP active or passive is configured the switch removes the LACP configuration displays a notice that LACP is disabled on the port s and enables port security on that port For example HPswitch config port security e al7 learn mode static address limit 2 LACP has been disabled on secured port s HPswitch config The switch will not allow you to configure LACP on a port on which port security is enabled For example HPswitch config
96. P None page 8 5 page 8 6 page 8 8 Managers Building IP Masks n a page 8 9 page 8 9 page 8 9 Operating and Troubleshooting n a page 8 12 page8 12 page 8 12 Notes The Authorized IP Managers feature enhances security on the switch by using IP addresses and masks to determine which stations PCs or workstations can access the switch through the network This covers access through the following means Telnet and other terminal emulation applications The switch s web browser interface SNMP with a correct community name File transfers using TFTP for configurations and software updates Also when configured in the switch the Authorized IP Managers feature takes precedence over local passwords TACACS RADIUS Port Based Access Control 802 1x and Port Security This means that the IP address of a networked management device must be authorized before the switch will attempt to authenticate the device by invoking any other access security features If the Authorized IP Managers feature disallows access to the device then access is denied Thus with authorized IP managers configured having the correct passwords is not sufficient for accessing the switch through the network unless the station attempting access is also included in the switch s Authorized IP Managers configuration You can use Authorized IP Managers along with other access security features to provide a more comprehensive security fabric than if you us
97. P server m Italics indicate variables for which you must supply a value when execut ing the command For example in this command syntax you must provide one or more port numbers Syntax aaa port access authenticator lt port list gt Simulating Display Output Commands or command output positioned to simulate displays of switch information in a computer screen are printed in a monospace font Command Prompts In the default configuration your Series 4100GL switch displays one of the following CLI prompts HP Procurve Switch 4104 HP Procurve Switch 4108 To simplify recognition this guide uses HPswitch to represent command prompts for all models That is HPswitch You can use the hostname command to change the text in the CLI prompt Xiv Getting Started Related Publications Screen Simulations Figures containing simulated screen text and command output look like this HPswitch gt show version Image stamp sw code build info June 1 2002 13 43 13 G 05 02 139 HPswitch gt Figure 1 Example of a Figure Showing a Simulated Screen In some cases brief command output sequences appear without figure iden tification For example HPswitch config clear public key HPswitch config show ip client public key show_client_public_key cannot stat keyfile Related Publications Product Notes and Software Update Information The Read Me First shipped with your switch provides software u
98. S Server After Changing the Key and Adding Another Server l Auth l To change the order in which the switch accesses RADIUS servers refer to Changing RADIUS Server Access Order on page 3 27 3 11 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Configuring the Switch for RADIUS Authentication 3 Configure the Switch s Global RADIUS Parameters You can configure the switch for the following global RADIUS parameters Number of login attempts In a given session specifies how many tries at entering the correct username and password pair are allowed before access is denied and the session terminated This is a general aaa authentication parameter and is not specific to RADIUS Global server key The server key the switch will use for contacts with all RADIUS servers for which there is not a server specific key configured by radius server host lt ip address gt key lt key string gt This key is optional if you configure a server specific key for each RADIUS server entered in the switch Refer to 2 Configure the Switch To Access a RADIUS Server on page 3 10 Server timeout Defines the time period in seconds for authentica tion attempts If the timeout period expires before a response is received the attempt fails Server dead time Specifes the time in minutes during which the switch avoids requesting authentication from a server that has not responded to previous requests Retransmit attempts If th
99. SH Messages Related to SSH Operation Message Meaning Error Requested keyfile does not exist The client key does not exist in the switch Use copy tftp to download the key from a TFTP server Generating new RSA host key If the cache is depleted this could take up to two minutes After you execute the crypto key generate ssh rsa command the switch displays this message while it is generating the key Host RSA key file corrupt or not found Use crypto key generate ssh rsa to create new host key The switch s key is missing or corrupt Use the crypto key generate ssh rsa command to generate a new key for the switch 4 28 Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Contents Overview ic eaae eed Bot hd gg ace a ae Pradesh Ac eee eet ese Agen 5 2 PerminOlogy osi ara eas aar e Hie need Meth Mc loess 5 3 Prerequisite for Using SSL 0 00 0 ccc eens 5 4 Steps for Configuring and Using SSL for Switch and Client Authentication 6060003 lee et Ae ik eee ek ee ee 5 4 General Operating Rules and Notes 00 cee eee 5 6 Configuring the Switch for SSL Operation 5 7 1 Assigning a Local Login Operator and Enable Manager Password 00200 cece eee eee eeee 5 7 2 Generating the Switch s Server Host Certificate 5 9 To Generate or Erase the Switch s Server Certificate With the CLI emie aa E Bie Beha dee dee i A 5 10 Comments on
100. SSL access to the switch In some situations this can temporarily allow security breaches The switch s own public private certificate key pair and certificate are stored in the switch s flash memory and are not affected by reboots or the erase startup config command The public private certificate key pair is not be confused with the SSH public private key pair The certificate key pair and the SSH key pair are independent of each other which means a switch can have two keys pairs stored in flash When stacking is enabled SSL provides security only between an SSL client and the stack manager Communications between the stack commander and stack members is not secure 5 6 Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Configuring the Switch for SSL Operation Configuring the Switch for SSL Operation SSL Related CLI Commands in This Section Page web management ssl page 5 19 show config page 5 19 show crypto host cert page 5 12 crypto key generate cert rsa lt 512 768 11024 gt page 5 10 zeroize cert page 5 10 crypto host cert generate self signed arg list page 5 10 zeroize page 5 10 1 Assigning a Local Login Operator and Enable Manager Password At a minimum HP recommends that you always assign at least a Manager password to the switch Otherwise under some circumstances anyone with Telnet web or serial port access could modify the switch s configuration 5 7 Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Co
101. Set Up and Install the Switch in Your Network xix xi Getting Started Introduction Introduction This Access Security Guide is intended for use with the following switches m HP Procurve Switch 4104GL m HP Procurve Switch 4108GL Together these two devices are termed the HP Procurve Series 4100GL Switches Overview of Access Security Features Local Manager and Operator passwords page 1 1 Control access and privileges for the CLI menu and web browser interface m TACACS Authentication page 2 1 Uses an authentication application on a central server to allow or deny access to Series 4100GL switch m RADIUS Authentication and Accounting page 3 1 Like TACACS uses an authentication application on a central server to allow or deny access to Series 4100GL switch RADIUS also provides accounting services for sending data about user activity and system events to a RADIUS server m Secure Shell SSH Authentication page 4 1 Provides encrypted paths for remote access to switch management functions m Secure Sockets Layer SSL Authentication page 5 1 Provides encrypted paths for remote web access to the switch m Port Based Access Control 802 1x page 6 1 On point to point connections enables the switch to allow or deny traffic between a port and an 802 1x aware device supplicant attempting to access the switch Also enables the switch to operate as a supplicant for connections to other 802
102. Switch A PC3 MAC Address NOT Serene sie Authorized by Switch A Authorized b Swine A 3 PC1 can access Switch A PCs 2 and 3 can access Switch B and Switch C but are blocked from accessing switch A by the port security settings in switch A e Switch C is not authorized to access Switch A Figure 7 1 Example of How Port Security Controls Access Note Broadcast and Multicast traffic is not unauthorized traffic and can be read by intruders connected to a port on which you have configured port security Trunk Group Exclusion Port security does not operate on either a static or dynamic trunk group If you configure port security on one or more ports that are later added to a trunk group the switch will reset the port security parameters for those ports to the factory default configuration Ports configured for either Active or Passive LACP and which are not members of a trunk can be configured for port security Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Planning Port Security Planning Port Security 1 Plan your port security configuration and monitoring according to the following On which ports do you want port security b Which devices MAC addresses are authorized on each port up to 8 per port c For each port what security actions do you want The switch automatically blocks intruders detected on that port from transmit ting to the network You can configure the switch to 1 send in
103. VLAN Mode Configuring 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Use these commands to actually configure Open VLAN mode For a listing of the steps needed to prepare the switch for using Open VLAN mode refer to Preparation on page 6 26 Syntax aaa port access authenticator e lt port list gt auth vid lt vlan id gt Configures an existing static VLAN to be the Authorized Client VLAN lt unauth vid lt vian id gt Configures an existing static VLAN to be the Unautho rized Client VLAN For example suppose you want to configure 802 1x port access with Open VLAN mode on ports A10 A20 and m These two static VLANs already exist on the switch e UndAuthorized VID 80 e Authorized VID 81 m Your RADIUS server has an IP address of 10 28 127 101 The server uses rad4all as a server specific key string The server is connected to a port on the Default VLAN m The switch s default VLAN is already configured with an IP address of 10 28 127 100 and a network mask of 255 255 255 0 HPswitch config aaa authentication port access eap radius Configures the switch for 802 1x authentication using an EAP RADIUS server HPswitch config aaa port access authenticator al0 a20 Configures ports A10 A20 as 802 1 authenticator ports HPswitch config radius host 10 28 127 101 key rad4all Configures the switch to look for a RADIUS server with an IP address of 10 28 127 101 and an encryption key of rad4all HPswitch config aaa port
104. a page 4 18 n a The Series 4100GL switches use Secure Shell version 1 or 2 SSHv1 or SSHv2 to provide remote access to management functions on the switches via encrypted paths between the switch and management station clients capable of SSH operation SSH provides Telnet like functions but unlike Telnet SSH provides encrypted authenticated transactions The authentication types include Client public key authentication Switch SSH and user password authentication Client Public Key Authentication Login Operator Level with User Password Authentication Enable Manager Level This option uses one or more public keys from clients that must be stored on the switch Only a client with a private key that matches a stored public key can gain access to the switch The same private key can be stored on one or more clients r T Switch to Client SSH authentication HP ZClient fo Switch login rsa authentication Switch lt lt 3 User to Switch enable password authentication i options Station SSH Local Server TACACS RADIUS None Figure 4 1 Client Public Key Authentication M odel Configuring Secure Shell SSH Terminology Note SSH in the HP Procurve Series 4100GL switches is based on the OpenSSH software toolkit For more information on OpenSSH visit http WW W Openssh com Switch SSH and User Password Authentication This option is a sub
105. aaa accounting exec start stop ope ag Configures exec HPswitch config aaa accounting system stop only radius and system accounting and e HPswitchiconfig show accounting Status and Counters Accounting Information Intervalimin 0 Summarizes the switch s Suppress Empty User No accounting Method Mode Network None Exec and System accounting are Exec Radius Start Stop active Assumes the switch is System Radius Stop Only configured to access a reachable Figure 3 8 Example of Configuring Accounting Types 3 21 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Configuring RADIUS Accounting 3 Optional Configure Session Blocking and Interim Updating Options These optional parameters give you additional control over accounting data Updates In addition to using a Start Stop or Stop Only trigger you can optionally configure the switch to send periodic accounting record updates to a RADIUS server Suppress The switch can suppress accounting for an unknown user having no username Syntax no aaa accounting update periodic lt 1 525600 gt Sets the accounting update period for all accounting sessions on the switch The no form disables the update function and resets the value to zero Default zero disabled no aaa accounting suppress null usernameDisables accounting for unknown users having no username Default suppression disabled To continue the example in figure 3 8 suppo
106. ading Intrusion Alerts and Resetting Alert Flags HPswitch show interfaces brief Intrusion Alert on port A1 Status and Counters Port Status Intrusion EnabYed Status Mode 10 100Tx 10 100Tx 10 100Tx 10 100Tx Figure 7 12 Example of an Unacknow ledged Intrusion Alert in a Port Status Display If you wanted to see the details of the intrusion you would then enter the show port security intrusion log command For example HPswitch show port security intrusion log MAC Address of latest i Dates and Times of Intruder on Port A1 Status and Counters Intrusion Log Intrusions Port MAC Address Date Time Pa Earlier intrusi rt ma E A S S A es Althathavealreadybeen 21 M 080009 e93d4 f 07 03 02 21 09 34 cleared that is the Alert 080009 21ae84 07 03 02 17 26 27 Flag has been reset at aad 080009 e93d4f prior to O7 03 02 17 18 43 least twice before the most recent intrusion sacs occurred 0 secs Figure 7 13 Example of the Intrusion Log with Multiple Entries for the Same Port The above example shows three intrusions for port Al Since the switch can show only one uncleared intrusion per port the older two intrusions in this example have already been cleared by earlier use of the clear intrusion log or the port security lt port list gt clear intrusion flag command The intrusion log holds up to 20 intrusion records and deletes intrusion records only when the log becomes full and new intrusions are subsequentl
107. allow or deny access to the switch by a manage ment station Overview of IP Mask Operation The default IP Mask is 255 255 255 255 and allows switch access only to a station having an IP address that is identical to the Authorized Manager IP parameter value 255 in an octet of the mask means that only the exact value in the corresponding octet of the Authorized Manager IP parameter is allowed in the IP address of an authorized management station However you can alter the mask and the Authorized Manager IP parameter to specify ranges of authorized IP addresses For example a mask of 255 255 255 0 and any value for the Authorized Manager IP parameter allows a range of 0 through 255 in the 4th octet of the authorized IP address which enables a block of up to 254 IP addresses for IP management access excluding 0 for the network and 255 for broadcasts A mask of 255 255 255 252 uses the 4th octet of a given Autho 8 4 Note Using Authorized IP Managers Defining Authorized Management Stations rized Manager IP address to authorize four IP addresses for management station access The details on how to use IP masks are provided under Building IP Masks on page 8 9 The IP Mask is a method for recognizing whether a given IP address is authorized for management access to the switch This mask serves a different purpose than IP subnet masks and is applied in a different manner Menu Viewing and Configuring IP Authorized Manage
108. ansmit 2 HPswitch config write mem Figure 3 5 Example of Global Configuration Exercise for RADIUS Authentication 3 13 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Local Authentication Process HPswitch gt show authentication Status and Counters Authentication Information After two attempts failing due to username or password Login Enable Enable entry errors the switch will Secondary Primary Secondary terminate the session Console Telnet Radius Radius Port A ccess Local SSH Radius Radius HPswitch gt show radius Status and Counters General RADIUS Information Deadt ime min Timeout secs 3 Retransmit Attempts i Global Encryption Key My Global Key 1099 Global RADIUS parameters from figure 3 5 Server specific encryption key for the RADIUS server that will not use the global encryption key sourceO0127 These two servers will use the i 10 33 18 119 1813 e a global encryption key 10 33 18 151 1813 Figure 3 6 Listings of Global RADIUS Parameters Configured In Figure 3 5 Local Authentication Process When the switchis configured to use RADIUS it reverts to local authentication only if one of these two conditions exists m Local is the authentication option for the access method being used m The switch has been configured to query one or more RADIUS servers for aprimary authentication request but has not received a response and local is the conf
109. arily moves the port to the Authorized Client VLAN also untagged While the Authorized Client VLAN is in use the port does not have access to the statically configured untagged VLAN e When the authenticated clientdisconnects the switch removes the port from the Authorized Client VLAN and moves it back to the untagged membership in the statically configured VLAN 6 24 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Condition Multiple Authenticator Ports Using the Same Unauthorized Client and Authorized Client VLANs Effect of Failed Client Authentication Attempt Sources for an IP Address Configuration for a Client Connected to a Port Configured for 802 x Open VLAN Mode 802 1x Supplicant Software for a Client Connected to aPort Configured for 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Rule You can use the same static VLAN as the Unauthorized Client VLAN for all 802 1x authenticator ports configured on the switch Similarly you can use the same static VLAN as the Authorized Client VLAN for all 802 1x authenticator ports configured on the switch Caution Do not use the same static VLAN for both the unauthorized and the Authorized Client VLAN Using one VLAN for both creates a security risk by defeating the isolation of unauthenticated clients When there is an Unauthorized Client VLAN configured on an 802 1x authenticator port an unauthorized client connected to the port has access only to the network resources
110. as follows 4 14 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Configuring the Switch for SSH Operation Phonetic Hash of Switch s Public Key HP Switch contig show crypto host public key nr aan 896 xozik kKobaf daroh fygas byveb bymiz nupap povaz cesin kafec rix host_sshl 896 xefes hikot kyher cukuz balah gezos qumym rezif horib cicyp poxyx aeae host_ssh2 pub Z Fingerprints of HPSwitch config show crypto host public key fingerprint the Same Switch 96 53 c0 14 75 72 84 90 cc c8 ba 5e ca 92 fc c7 5c host_sshl 896 bf fb 8a d0 10 5a 46 57 61 9 8a 6a 61 13 8a fb host_ssh2 pub Figure 4 11 Examples of Visual Phonetic and Hexadecimal Conversions of the Switch s Public Key The two commands shown in figure 4 11 convert the displayed format of the switch s host public key for easier visual comparison of the switch s public key to a copy of the key in a client s known host file The switch has only one RSA host key The babble and fingerprint options produce two hashes for the key one that corresponds to the challenge hash you will see if connecting with a v1 client and the other corresponding to the hash you will see if connecting with a v2 client These hashes do not correspond to different keys but differ only because of the way v1 and v2 clients compute the hash of the same RSA key The switch always uses ASCII version without babble or fingerprint conversion of its public key for file storage
111. ation 6 7 supplicant operation switch port 6 6 supplicant state 6 42 supplicant statistics note 6 42 supplicant configuring 6 33 supplicant configuring switch port 6 35 supplicant enabling 6 34 switch username and password 6 3 terminology 6 7 troubleshooting gvrp 6 43 used with port security 6 31 VLAN operation 6 43 prior to 7 19 7 20 7 23 Privacy Enhanced Mode PEM See SSH proxy web server 7 22 Q quick start 1 xix R RADIUS accounting 3 2 3 16 accounting configuration outline 3 18 accounting configure server access 3 19 accounting configure types on switch 3 20 accounting exec 3 17 3 20 accounting interim updating 3 22 accounting network 3 20 accounting operating rules 3 17 accounting server failure 3 18 accounting session blocking 3 22 accounting start stop method 3 21 accounting statistics terms 3 24 accounting stop only method 3 21 accounting system 3 17 3 20 authentication options 3 2 authentication local 3 14 3 15 bypass RADIUS server 3 9 commands accounting 3 16 commands switch 3 6 configuration outline 3 6 configure server access 3 10 configuring switch global parameters 3 12 general setup 3 5 local authentication 3 9 MD5 3 4 messages 3 29 network accounting 3 16 operating rules switch 3 4 security 3 9
112. available uses local username password access tacacs none If Tacacs server unavailable denies access When local is the primary option you can also select local as the secondary option However inthis case a secondary local is meaningless because the switch has only one local level of username password protection Caution Regarding During local authentication which uses passwords configured in the switch the Use of Local for instead of ina TACACS server the switch grants read only access if you Login Primary enter the Operator password and read write access if you enter the Manager Access password For example if you configure authentication on the switch with Telnet Login Primary as Local and Telnet Enable Primary as Tacacs when you attempt to Telnet to the switch you will be prompted for a local password If you enter the switch s local Manager password or if there is no local Manager password configured in the switch you can bypass the TACACS server authentication for Telnet Enable Primary and go directly to read write Man ager access Thus for either the Telnet or console access method configuring Login Primary for Local authentication while configuring Enable Primary for TACACS authentication is not recommended as it defeats the purpose of using the TACACS authentication If you want Enable Primary log in attempts to go to a TACACS server then you should configure both Login Primary and Enable Prima
113. browser screen Building IP Masks The IP Mask parameter controls how the switch uses an Authorized Manager IP value to recognize the IP addresses of authorized manager stations on your network Configuring One Station Per Authorized Manager IP Entry This is the easiest way to apply a mask If you have ten or fewer management and or operator stations you can configure them quickly by simply adding the address of each to the Authorized Manager IP list with 255 255 255 255 for the corresponding mask For example as shown in figure 8 3 on page 8 6 if you configure an IP address of 10 28 227 125 with an IP mask of 255 255 255 255 only a station having an IP address of 10 28 227 125 has management access to the switch Figure 8 4 Analysis of IP Mask for Single Station Entries Ist 2nd 3rd 4th Manager Level or Operator Level Device Access Octet Octet Octet Octet IP Mask 255 255 Authorized 10 28 Manager IP 255 255 The 255 in each octet of the mask specifies that only the exact value in 227 125 that octet of the corresponding IP address is allowed This mask allows management access only to a station having an IP address of 10 33 248 5 8 9 Using Authorized IP Managers Building IP Masks Configuring Multiple Stations Per Authorized Manager IP Entry The mask determines whether the IP address of a station on the network meets the criteria you specify That is for a given Authorized Manager entry the switch app
114. c untagged VLAN to which the port currently belongs No PVID The port is not an untagged member of any VLAN 6 40 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Displaying 802 1x Configuration Statistics and Counters Syntax show vlan lt vian id gt Displays the port status for the selected VLAN including an indication of which portmemberships have beentemporarily overridden by Open VLAN mode HPswitch config show vlan 1 Status and Counters VLAN Information Ports VLAN 1 602 10 VLAN ID 1 Name DEFAULT_VLAN Status Static Port Information Mode Unknown VLAN Status Untagged Learn Untagged Learn Untagged Learn Untagged Learn Note that ports B1 and B3 are Untagged Learn not in the upper listing but are included under Overridden S Port VLAN configuration This Untagged Learn shows that static untagged 7 5 i VLAN memberships on ports B1 and B3 have been overridden B23 Untagged Learn bytemporary assignmenttothe B24 Untagged Learn authorized or unauthorized VLAN Using the show port access authenticator lt port list gt command shown in figure 6 5 provides details Tagged Learn Overridden Port VLAN configuration Port Mode Untagged Untagged Figure 6 6 Example of Showing a VLAN with Ports Configured for Open VLAN Mode 6 41 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Displaying 802 1x Configuration Statistics and Counters Show Commands for Port Access Supplicant
115. cation telnet enable radius none HPswitch config aaa authentication ssh login radius none HPswitch config aaa authentication ssh enable radius none HPswitch config show authentication Status and Counters Authentication Information Login Attempts 3 Login Login Enable Enable Access Task Primary Secondary Primary Secondary Console The switch now allows Telnet and SSH authentication only through Te lnet i Radius Port Access _ _ ae S5H _ _ Radius _ None _ Radius_ Figure 3 2 Example Configuration for RADIUS Authentication Note In the above example if you configure the Login Primary method as local instead of radius and local passwords are configured on the switch then you can gain access to either the Operator or Manager level without encountering the RADIUS authentication specified for Enable Primary Refer to Local Authentication Process on page 3 14 3 9 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Configuring the Switch for RADIUS Authentication 2 Configure the Switch To Access a RADIUS Server This section describes how to configure the switch to interact with a RADIUS server for both authentication and accounting services Note If you want to configure RADIUS accounting on the switch go to page 3 16 Configuring RADIUS Accounting instead of continuing here Syntax no radius server host lt ip address gt Adds a server to the RADIUS configuration or with n
116. cator control mode is configured to authorized as shown below instead of auto then the first source MAC address from any device whether 802 1x aware or not becomes the only authorized device on the port aaa port access authenticator lt port list gt control authorized With 802 1x authentication disabled on a port or set to authorized Force Authorize the port may learn a MAC address that you don t want authorized If this occurs you can block access by the unauthorized non 802 1x device by using one of the following options m If802 1x authentication is disabled on the port use these command syntaxes to enable it and allow only an 802 1x aware device aaa port access authenticator e lt port list gt Enables 802 1x authentication on the port aaa port access authenticator e lt port list gt control auto Forces the port to accept only a device that supports 802 1x and supplies valid credentials If 802 1x authentication is enabled on the port but set to authorized Force Authorized use this command syntax to allow only an 802 1x aware device aaa port access authenticator e lt port list gt control auto Forces the port to accept only a device that supports 802 1x and supplies valid credentials 6 32 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Configuring Switch Ports To Operate As Supplicants for 802 1x Connections to Other Switches Configuring Switch Ports To Operate As Supplicants for 802 1x Conne
117. ce Level Actions Permitted Manager Access to all console interface areas This is the default level That is if a Manager password has not been set prior to starting the current console session then anyone having access to the console can access any area of the console interface Operator Access to the Status and Counters menu the Event Log and the CLI but no Configuration capabilities On the Operator level the configuration menus Download OS and Reboot Switch options in the Main Menu are not available Allows use of the ping link test show menu exit and logout commands plus the enable command if you can provide the Manager password To configure password security 1 Seta Manager password pair and an Operator password pair if applicable for your system 2 Exit from the current console session A Manager password pair will now be needed for full access to the console Configuring Username and Password Security Overview If you do steps 1 and 2 above then the next time a console session is started for either the menu interface or the CLI a prompt appears for a password Assuming you have protected both the Manager and Operator levels the level of access to the console interface will be determined by which password is entered in response to the prompt If you set a Manager password you may also want to configure the Inactivity Time parameter Refer to the Management and Configuration Guide
118. certificate fields annaa cece cee eee 5 11 Generate a Self Signed Host Certificate with the Web browser INLET ACE lt 5 ole i ok E Teak ek E O E a 5 13 Generate a CA Signed server host certificate with the Web browser interface 0 cece cee eee eee 5 15 3 Enabling SSL on the Switch and Anticipating SSL Browser Contact Behavior 00 c cece ence eens 5 17 Using the CLI interface to enable SSL 2 0005 5 19 Using the web browser interface to enable SSL 5 19 Common Errors in SSL setup 0 00 cece eens 5 21 5 1 Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Overview Note Note Overview Feature Default Menu CLI Web Generating a Self Signed Certificate on the switch No n a page 5 9 page 5 13 Generating a Certificate Request on the switch No n a n a page 5 15 Enabling SSL Disabled n a page 5 17 page 5 19 The Series 4100GL switches use Secure Socket Layer Version 3 SSLv3 and support for Transport Layer Security TLSv1 to provide remote web access to the switches via encrypted paths between the switch and management station clients capable of SSL TLS operation ProCurve Switches use SSL and TLS for all secure web transactions and all references to SSL mean using one of these algorithms unless otherwise noted SSL provides all the web functions but unlike standard web access SSL provides encrypted authenticated transactions The authentication types
119. cs radius gt lt local none gt Configures a password method for the primary and secondary login Operator access Ifyou do not specify an optional secondary method it defaults to none aaa authentication ssh enable lt local tacacs radius gt lt local none gt 4 18 Caution Configuring Secure Shell SSH Configuring the Switch for SSH Operation Configures a password method for the primary and secondary enable Manager access If you do not spec ify an optional secondary method it defaults to none Option B Configuring the Switch for Client Public Key SSH Authentication If configured with this option the switch uses its public key to authenticate itself to a client but the client must also provide a client public key for the switch to authenticate This option requires the additional step of copying a client public key file from a TFTP server into the switch This means that before you can use this option you must 1 Create a key pair on an SSH client 2 Copy the client s public key into a public key file which can contain up to ten client public keys 3 Copy the public key file into a TFTP server accessible to the switch and download the file to the switch For more on these topics refer to Further Information on SSH Client Public Key Authentication on page 4 22 With steps 1 3 above completed and SSH properly configured on the switch if an SSH client contacts the swi
120. ctions to Other Switches 802 1x Authentication Commands 802 1x Supplicant Commands page 6 14 no aaa port access lt supplicant lt ethernet lt port list gt page 6 34 auth timeout held period start period max start initialize page 6 35 identity secret clear statistics 802 1x Related Show Commands RADIUS server configuration page 6 37 pages 6 19 You can configure a switch port to operate as a supplicant in a connection to a port on another 802 1x aware switch to provide security on links between 802 1x aware switches Note that a port can operate as both an authenticator and a supplicant For example suppose that you want to connect two switches where Switch A has port Al configured for 802 1x supplicant operation You want to connect port Al on switch A to port B5 on switch B Switch B Port B5 Port Al pee Fire Switch A Port A1 Configured as an 802 1x Supplicant RADIUS Server Figure 6 4 Example of Supplicant Operation Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Configuring Switch Ports To Operate As Supplicants for 802 1x Connections to Other Switches Note 1 When port Al on switch A is first connected to a port on switch B or if the ports are already connected and either switch reboots port Al begins sending start packets to port B5 on switch B e If af
121. d by the max requests parameter Jails next page Default 60 seconds tx period lt 0 65535 gt Sets the period the port waits to retrans mit the next EAPOL PDU during an auth entication session Default 30 seconds supplicant timeout lt 1 300 gt Sets the period of time the switch waits for a supplicant response to an EAP re quest If the supplicant does not respond within the configured time frame the session times out Default 30 seconds server timeout lt 1 300 gt Sets the period of time the switch waits for a server response to an authentication request If there is no response within the configured time frame the switch assumes that the authentication attempt has timed out Depending on the current max requests setting the switch will either send a new request to the server or end the authentication session Default 30 seconds max requests lt 1 10 gt Sets the number of authentication attempts that must time out before authentication fails and the authentica tion session ends If you are using the Local authenti cation option or are using RADIUS authentication with only one host server the switch will not start another session until a client tries a new access attempt Ifyou are using RADIUS authentication with two or three host servers the switch will open a session with each server in turn until authentication occurs or there are no more servers to try During the quiet
122. d then re enter them in order with the new first choice server address first and so on To add a new address to the list when there are already three addresses present you must first remove one of the currently listed addresses See also General Authentication Process Using a TACACS Server on page 2 20 2 17 TACACS Authentication Configuring TACACS on the Switch Name Default Range Name Default Range key lt key string gt none null n a Specifies the optional global encryption key that is also assigned in the TACACS server s that the switch will access for authentication This option is subordinate to any per server encryption keys you assign and applies only to accessing TACACS servers for which you have not given the switch a per server key See the host lt jp addr gt key lt key string gt entry at the beginning of this table For more on the encryption key see Using the Encryption Key on page 2 23 and the documentation provided with your TACACS server application timeout lt 1 255 gt 5 sec 1 255 sec Specifies how long the switch waits for a TACACS server to respond to an authentication request If the switch does not detect a response within the timeout period it initiates a new request to the next TACACS server in the list If all TACACS servers in the list fail to respond within the timeout period the switch uses either local authentication if configured or denies access
123. dminister primary authentication from a central server and to do so with more options than you have when using only local authentication You will still need to use use local authentication as a backup if your TACACS servers become unavailable This means for example that you can use a central TACACS server to grant change or deny access to a specific individual on a specific switch instead of having to change local user name and password assignments on the switch itself and then have to notify other users of the change General System Requirements To use TACACS authentication you need the following A TACACS server application installed and configured on one or more servers or management stations in your network There are several TACACS software packages available A switch configured for TACACS authentication with access to one or more TACACS servers 2 5 TACACS Authentication General Authentication Setup Procedure Notes Note The effectiveness of TACACS security depends on correctly using your TACACS server application For this reason HP recommends that you thoroughly test all TACACS configurations used in your network TACACS aware HP switches include the capability of configuring multiple backup TACACS servers HP recommends that you use a TACACS server application that supports a redundant backup installation This allows you to configure the switch to use a backup TACACS server if it loses
124. dress the port adds the one specifically authorized MAC address to its authorized devices list and the first two additional MAC addresses it detects If for example You use mac address to authorize MAC address 0060b0 880a80 for port A4 You use address limit to allow three devices on port A4 and the port detects these MAC addresses 1 080090 1362f2 3 080071 0c45a1 2 00f031 423fc1 4 0060b0 880a80 the address you authorized with the mac address parameter In the above case port A4 would assume the following list of authorized addresses 080090 1362f2 the first address the port detected 00f031 423fc1 the second address the port detected 0060b0 880a80 the address you authorized with the mac address parameter The remaining MAC address the port detects 080071 0c45a1 is not allowed and is handled as an intruder See also Retention of Static Addresses on the next page Caution When you use static with a device limit greater than the number of MAC addresses you specify with mac address an unwanted device can become authorized This can occur because the port in order to fulfillthe number of devices allowed by the address limit parameter automatically adds devices it detects until the specified limit is reached Port Access Enables you to use Port Security with 802 1x Port Based Access Control Refer to Config uring Port Based Access Control 802 1x on page 6 1 Address Limit address limit lt i
125. e RADIUS as the primary password authentication method for the above access methods You will also need to select either local or none as a secondary or backup method Note that for console access if you configure radius or tacacs for primary authentication you must configure local for the secondary method This prevents the possibility of being com pletely locked out of the switch in the event that all primary access methods fail Syntax aaa authentication lt console telnet ssh gt lt enable login gt lt radius gt Configures RADIUS as theprimary password authentication method for console Telnet and or SSH The default primary lt enable login gt authentication is local lt local none gt Provides options for secondary authentication default none Note that for console access secondary authentication must be localif primary access is not local This prevents you from being completely locked out of the switch in the event of a failure in other access methods 3 8 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Configuring the Switch for RADIUS Authentication For example suppose you have already configured local passwords on the switch but want to use RADIUS to protect primary Telnet and SSH access without allowing a secondary Telnet or SSH access option which would be the switch s local passwords HPswitch config aaa authentication telnet login radius none HPswitch config aaa authenti
126. e access that is allowed by the switch s operator level password feature 8 3 Using Authorized IP Managers Defining Authorized Management Stations Defining Authorized Management Stations Authorizing Single Stations The table entry authorizes a single management station to have IP access to the switch To use this method just enter the IP address of an authorized management station in the Authorized Manager IP column and leave the IP Mask set to 255 255 255 255 This is the easiest way to use the Authorized Managers feature For more on this topic see Configuring One Station Per Authorized Manager IP Entry on page 8 9 m Authorizing Multiple Stations The table entry uses the IP Mask to authorize access to the switch from a defined group of stations This is useful if you want to easily authorize several stations to have access to the switch without having to type in an entry for every station All stations in the group defined by the one Authorized Manager IP table entry and its associated IP mask will have the same access level Manager or Operator For more on this topic refer to Configuring Multiple Stations Per Authorized Manager IP Entry on page 8 10 To configure the switch for authorized manager access enter the appropriate Authorized Manager IP value specify an IP Mask and select either M anager or Operator for the Access Level The IP Mask determines how the Authorized Manager IP value is used to
127. e first attempt to contact a RADIUS server fails specifies how many retries you want the switch to attempt on that server Syntax aaa authentication num attempts lt 1 10 gt Specifies how many tries for entering the correct username and password before shutting down the session due to input errors Default 3 Range 1 10 no radius server key lt global key string gt Specifies the global encryption key the switch uses with servers for which the switch does not have a server specific key assignment This key is optional if all RADIUS server addresses configured in the switch in clude a server specific encryption key Default Null dead time lt 1 1440 gt Optional Specifies the time in minutes during which the switch will not attempt to use a RADIUS server that has not responded to an earlier authentication attempt Default 0 Range 1 1440 minutes 3 12 Note RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Configuring the Switch for RADIUS Authentication radius server timeout lt 1 15 gt Specifies the maximum time the switch waits for a response to an authentication request before counting the attempt as a failure Default 3 seconds Range 1 15 seconds radius server retransmit lt 1 5 gt If a RADIUS server fails to respond to an authentication request specifies how many retries to attempt before closing the session Default 3 Range 1 5 Where the switch has multiple RADIUS
128. e only one or two security options Refer to table 1 Management Access Security Protec tion page xiii for a listing of access security features with the security coverage they provide 8 2 Caution Using Authorized IP Managers Options Options You can configure Upto 10 authorized manager addresses where each address applies to either a single management station or a group of stations m Manager or Operator access privileges Configuring Authorized IP Managers does not protect access to the switch through a modem or direct connection to the Console RS 232 port Also if the IP address assigned to an authorized management station is configured in another station the other station can gain management access to the switch even though a duplicate IP address condition exists For these reasons you should enhance your network s security by keeping physical access to the switch restricted to authorized personnel using the TACACS and username password features built into the switch and preventing unauthorized access to data on your management stations Access Levels For each authorized manager address you can configure either of these access levels m Manager Enables full access to all web browser and console inter face screens for viewing configuration and all other operations available in these interfaces Operator Allows read only access from the web browser and console interfaces This is the sam
129. e or more RADIUS servers to support the switch If you have not already done so refer to General RADIUS Setup Procedure on page 3 5 before continuing here RADIUS accounting collects data about user activity and system events and sends it to a RADIUS server when specified events occur on the switch such as a logoff or a reboot The Series 4100GL switches support three types of accounting services Network accounting Provides records containing the information listed below on clients directly connected to the switch and operating under Port Based Access Control 802 Lx e Acct Session Id e Acct Delay Time e Nas Port e Service Type e Acct Status Type e Acct Input Packets e Acct Output Octets e NAS IP Address e Acct Terminate Cause Acct Output Packets Acct Session Time e NAS lIdentifier e Acct Authentic e Acct Input Octets e Username e Called Station Id 3 16 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Configuring RADIUS Accounting For 802 1x information for the switch refer to Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x on page 6 1 m Exec accounting Provides records containing the information listed below about login sessions console Telnet and SSH on the switch e Acct Session Id e Acct Delay Time e NAS IP Address e Acct Status Type e Acct Session Time e NAS lIdentifier e Acct Terminate Cause Username e Calling Station Id e Acct Authentic e Service Type m System accounting Provides records conta
130. e radius host command to configure up to three RADIUS server IP address es on the switch See page 6 19 Enable 802 1x authentication on the switch See page 6 15 Test both the authorized and unauthorized access to your system to ensure that the 802 1x authentication works properly on the ports you have configured for port access If you want to implement the optional port security feature step 7 on the switch you should first ensure that the ports you have configured as 802 1x authenticators operate as expected 6 12 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x General Setup Procedure for Port Based Access Control 802 1x If you are using Port Security on the switch configure the switch to allow only 802 1x access on ports configured for 802 1x operation and if desired the action to take if an unauthorized device attempts access through an 802 1x port See page 6 31 If you want a port on the switch to operate as a supplicant in a connection with a port operating as an 802 1x authenticator on another device then configure the supplicant operation Refer to Configuring Switch Ports To Operate As Supplicants for 802 1x Connections to Other Switches on page 6 33 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Configuring Switch Ports as 802 1x Authenticators Configuring Switch Ports as 802 1x Authenticators 802 1x Authentication Commands Page no aaa port access authenticator lt ethernet lt po
131. e that it detects on the network OcO090 456456 Figure 7 7 Example of Two Authorized Addresses on Port A1 The following command serves this purpose by removing 0c0090 123456 and reducing the Address Limit to 1 HPswitch config port security al address limit 1 HPswitch config no port security al mac address 0c0090 123456 The above command sequence results in the following configuration for port Al HPswitch config show port sec al Port Security Port Al Learn Mode Static Address Limit 1 Action None Authorized Addresses Oc0090 456456 Figure 7 8 Example of Port Al After Removing One MAC Address 7 14 Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Web Displaying and Configuring Port Security Features Web Displaying and Configuring Port Security Features 1 Click on the Security tab 2 Click on Port Security 3 Select the settings you want and if you are using the Static Learn Mode add or edit the Authorized Addresses field 4 Implement your new data by clicking on Apply Changes To access the web based Help provided for the switch click on in the web browser screen Reading Intrusion Alerts and Resetting Alert Flags Notice of Security Violations When the switch detects an intrusion on a port it sets an alert flag for that port and makes the intrusion information available as described below While the switch can detect additional intrusions for the same port it does not
132. ed 802 1x authentication Force Unauth Indicates the Force Unauthorized state Blocks access to the network regardless of whether the client supports 802 1x authentication or provides 802 1x credentials Force Auth Indicates the Force Authorized state Grants access to any device connected to the port The device does not have to support 802 1x authentication or provide 802 1x credentials Authorized The device connected to the port supports 802 1x authentication has provided 802 1x credentials and has received access to the network This is the default state for access control Disconnected No client is connected to the port Authenticator Backend State Unauthorized VLAN ID Idle The switch is not currently interacting with the RADIUS authentication server Other states Request Response Success Fail Timeout and Initialize may appear temporarily to indicate interaction with a RADIUS server However these interactions occur quickly and are replaced by Idle when completed lt vian id gt Lists the VID of the static VLAN configured as the unauthorized VLAN for the indicated port 0 No unauthorized VLAN has been configured for the indicated port Authorized VLAN ID lt vian id gt Lists the VID of the static VLAN configured as the authorized VLAN for the indicated port 0 No authorized VLAN has been configured for the indicated port Current VLAN ID lt vian id gt Lists the VID of the stati
133. ed by the root certificate authority issuing the certificate When you generate a certificate key pair and or certificate on the switch the switch places the key pair and or certificate in flash memory and not in running config Also the switch maintains the certificate across reboots including power cycles Youshould consider this certificate to be permanent that is avoid re generating the certificate without a compelling reason Oth erwise you will have to re introduce the switch s host certificate on all management stations you have set up for SSL access to the switch using the earlier certificate Removing zeroizing the switch s certificate key pair or certificate render the switch unable to enage in SSL operation and automatically disables SSL on the switch To verify whether SSL is enabled execute show config 5 9 Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Configuring the Switch for SSL Operation Note Note To Generate or Erase the Switch s Server Certificate with the CLI Because the host certificate is stored in flash instead of the running config file it is not necessary to use write memory to save the certificate Erasing the host certificate automatically disables SSL CLI commands used to generate a Server Host Certificate Syntax crypto key generate cert rsa lt 512 768 11024 gt Generates a key pair for use in the certificate crypto key zeroize cert Erases the switch s certificate key and
134. efer to the documentation provided with your browser The latest versions of Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape web browser support SSL and TLS functionality See browser documentation for additional details B Switch Preparation 1 Assign a login Operator and enable Manager password on the switch page 5 7 Generate a host certificate on the switch page 5 9 i Generate certificate key pair ii Generate host certificate You need to do this only once The switch s own public private certificate key pair and certificate are stored in the switch s flash memory and are not affected by reboots or the erase startup config command You can remove or replace this certificate if necessary The certificate key pair and the SSH key pair are independent of each other which means a switch can have two keys pairs stored in flash Enable SSL on the switch page 5 17 Use your SSL enabled browser to access the switch using the switch s IP address or DNS name if allowed by your browser Refer to the documentation provided with the browser application 5 5 Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL General Operating Rules and Notes General Operating Rules and Notes Once you generate a certificate on the switch you should avoid re generating the certificate without a compelling reason Otherwise you will have to re introduce the switch s certificate on all manage ment stations clients you previously set up for
135. efines this request for the client The switch responds in one of the following ways If 802 1x port access on the switch is configured for RADIUS authentication the switch then forwards the request to a RADIUS server i ii iii iv The server responds with an access challenge which the switch forwards to the client The client then provides identifying credentials such as a user certificate which the switch forwards to the RADIUS server The RADIUS server then checks the credentials provided by the client If the client is successfully authenticated and authorzed to con nect to the network then the server notifies the switch to allow access to the client Otherwise access is denied and the port remains blocked If 802 1x port access on the switch is configured for local authenti cation then i ii The switch compares the client s credentials with the username and password configured in the switch Operator or Manager level If the client is successfully authenticated and authorzed to con nect to the network then the switch allows access to the client Otherwise access is denied and the port remains blocked 6 5 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x How 802 1x Operates Switch Port Supplicant Operation This operation provides security on links between 802 1x aware switches For example suppose that you want to connect two switches where Switch A has port Al configured
136. eh keeles 4 3 Prerequisite for Using SSH 0 ccc cc eens 4 4 Public Key Formats 0 0 cc ccc cee enn nens 4 5 Steps for Configuring and Using SSH for Switch and Client Ath enti Cation s ss ets cae a rae a let aas ae ea Re alae EE S 4 5 General Operating Rules and Notes 000 ce eeuee 4 8 Configuring the Switch for SSH Operation 1 Assigning a Local Login Operator and Enable Manager PASS WOPG io eo cear sae doadalaaseand cate aet tot lea sen de0 Sebace teas nna Ge afar alhedustncatana eet 4 9 2 Generating the Switch s Public and Private Key Pair 4 10 3 Providing the Switch s Public Key to Clients 4 12 4 Enabling SSH on the Switch and Anticipating SSH Client Contact Behavior 00 0 cee cece eee eee 4 15 5 Configuring the Switch for SSH Authentication 4 18 6 Use an SSH Client To Access the Switch 0 4 21 Further Information on SSH Client Public Key Authentication 4 22 Messages Related to SSH Operation 0085 4 27 4 1 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Overview Overview Feature Default Menu CLI Web Generating a public private key pair on the switch No n a page 4 10 n a Using the switch s public key n a n a page 4 12 n a Enabling SSH Disabled n a page 4 15 n a Enabling client public key authentication Disabled n a pages 4 19 n a 4 22 Enabling user authentication Disabled n
137. ence that the Intrusion Alert flag has been acknowledged reset is that the Intrusion Alert column in the port status display no longer shows Yes for the port on which the intrusion occurred port A3 in this example Because the Intrusion Log provides a history of the last 20 intrusions detected by the switch resetting the alert flags does not change its content Thus displaying the Intrusion Log again will result in the same display as in figure 7 11 above CLI Checking for Intrusions Listing Intrusion Alerts and Resetting Alert Flags The following commands display port status including whether there are intrusion alerts for any port s list the last 20 intrusions and either reset the alert flag on all ports or for a specific port for which an intrusion was detected The record of the intrusion remains in the log For more information refer to Operating Notes for Port Security on page 7 22 Syntax show interfaces brief List intrusion alert status and other port status informa tion show port security intrusion log List intrusion log content clear intrusion flags Clear intrusion flags on all ports port security e lt port number gt clear intrusion flag Clear the intrusion flag on one or more specific ports In the following example executing show interfaces brief lists the switch s port status which indicates an intrusion alert on port Al 7 19 Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Re
138. ent Public Keys Replacing or Clearing the Public Key File The client public key file remains in the switch s flash memory even if you erase the startup config file reset the switch or reboot the switch m You can remove the existing client public key file or specific keys by executing the clear crypto public key command 4 25 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Further Information on SSH Client Public Key Authentication Caution Syntax clear crypto public key Deletes the client public key file from the switch Syntax clear crypto public key 3 Deletes the entry with an index of 3 from the client public key file on the switch Enabling Client Public Key Authentication After you TFTP a client public key file into the switch described above you can configure the switch to allow one of the following m Ifan SSH client s public key matches the switch s client public key file allow that client access to the switch If there is not a public key match then deny access to that client m Ifan SSH client s public key does not have a match in the switch s client public key file allow the client access if the user can enter the switch s login Operator password If the switch does not have an Operator password then deny access to that client Syntax aaa authentication ssh login public key none Allows SSH client access only if the switch detects a match between the client s public key and an entry in the client
139. ent and Authorized Client VLANs Refer to Table 6 1 on page 6 22 for other options Before you configure the 802 1x Open VLAN mode on a port Statically configure an Unauthorized Client VLAN in the switch The only ports that should belong to this VLAN are ports offering services and access you want available to unauthenticated clients 802 1x authenticator ports do not have to be members of this VLAN Do not allow any port memberships or network services on this VLAN that would pose a security risk if exposed to an unauthorized client Statically configure an Authorized Client VLAN in the switch The only ports that should belong to this VLAN are ports offering services and access you want available to authenticated clients 802 1x authen ticator ports do not have to be members of this VLAN Note that if an 802 1x authenticator port is an untagged member of another VLAN the port s access to that other VLAN will be temporarily removed while an authenticated client is connected to the port For example if i Port A5 is an untagged member of VLAN 1 the default VLAN ii You configure port A5 as an 802 1x authenticator port iii You configure port A5 to use an Authorized Client VLAN Then if a client connects to port A5 and is authenticated port A5 becomes an untagged member of the Authorized Client VLAN and is temporarily suspended from membership in the default VLAN If you expect friendly clients to connect without havin
140. er The switch tries to access RADIUS servers according to the order in which their IP addresses are listed by the show radius command Also when you add anew server IP address it is placed in the highest empty position in the list Adding or deleting a RADIUS server IP address leaves an empty position but does not change the position of any other server addresses in the list For example if you initially configure three server addresses they are listed in the order in which you entered them However if you subsequently remove the second server address in the list and add a new server address the new address will be placed second in the list Thus to move a server address up in the list you must delete it from the list ensure that the position to which you want to move it is vacant and then re enter it For example suppose you have already configured the following three RADIUS server IP addresses in the switch HPswitch show radius Status and Counters General RADIUS Information Deadtime min O Timeout secs 5 Retransmit Attempts Global Encryption Key RADIUS server IP addresses listed in the order Auth Acct inwhich the switch willtryto access them Inthis server IP Addr Port Port i case the server at IP address 1 1 1 1 is first Note If the switch successfully accesses the 10 10 10 1 first server it does not try to access any other 10 10 10 2 servers in the list even if the client is denied 10 10 10 3 access by
141. er if you are new to SSH orneed more details on client public key authentication this section may be helpful When configured for SSH operation the switch automatically attempts to use its own host public key to authenticate itself to SSH clients To provide the optional opposite service client public key authentication to the switch you can configure the switch to store up to ten RSA or DSA public keys for authenticating clients This requires storing an ASCII version of each client s public key without babble conversion or fingerprint conversion in a client public key file that you create and TFTP copy to the switch In this case only clients that have a private key corresponding to one of the stored public keys can gain access to the switch using SSH That is if you use this feature only the clients whose public keys are in the client public key file you store on the switch will have SSH access to the switch over the network If you do not allow secondary SSH login Operator access via local password then the switch will refuse other SSH clients SSH clients that support client public key authentication normally provide a utility to generate a key pair The private key is usually stored in a password protected file on the local host the public key is stored in another file and is not protected Note that even without using client public key authentication you can still require authentication from whoever attempts to access
142. er reserved TCP ports on the Series 4100GL switches are 49 80 1506 and 1513 SSL does not protect the switch from unauthorized access via the Telnet SNMP or the serial port While Telnet access can be restricted by the use of passwords local to the switch if you are unsure of the security this provides you may want to disable Telnet access no telnet If you need to increase SNMP security use SNMP version 3 only for SNMP access Another security measure is to use the Authorized IP Managers feature described in the switch s Security Guide To protect against unauthorized access to the serial port and the Clear button which removes local password protection keep physical access to the switch restricted to authorized personnel 5 20 Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Common Errors in SSL setup Common Errors in SSL setup Error During Possible Cause Generating host certificate on CLI You have not generated a certificate key CLI commands used to generate a Server Host Certificate on page 5 10 Enabling SSL on the CLI or Web browser interface You have not generated a host certificate Generate a Self Signed Host Certificate with the Web browser interface on page 5 13 You may be using a reserved TCP port Note on Port Number on page 5 20 Unable to Connect with SSL You may not have SSL enabled 3 Enabling SSL on the Switch and Anticipating SSL Browser Contact Behavior
143. ers For accounting this can help you track network resource usage Authentication You can use RADIUS to verify user identity for the follow ing types of primary password access to the HP switch m Serial port Console m Telnet m SSH m Port Access The switch does not support RADIUS security for SNMP network manage ment access or web browser interface access For steps to block unautho rized access through the web browser interface see Controlling Web Browser Interface Access When Using RADIUS Authentication on page 3 15 Accounting RADIUS accounting on the switch collects resource consump tion data and forwards it to the RADIUS server This data can be used for trend analysis capacity planning billing auditing and cost analysis 3 2 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Terminology Terminology CHAP Challenge Handshake Authentication Protocol A challenge response authentication protocol that uses the Message Digest 5 MD5 hashing scheme to encrypt a response to a challenge from a RADIUS server EAP Extensible Authentication Protocol A general PPP authentication protocol that supports multiple authentication mechanisms A specific authentication mechanism is known as an EAP type such as MD5 Challenge Generic Token Card and TLS Transport Level Security Host See RADIUS Server NAS Network Access Server In this case an HP switch configured for RADIUS security operation RADIUS Remote
144. escription View or save the running configuration of the switch write terminal displays the running configuration of the switch on the terminal write memory saves the running configuration of the Switch to flash The saved configuration becomes the boot up configuration of the switch the next time it is booted m If you need information on specific features in the HP Web Browser Interface hereafter referred to as the web browser interface use the online help available for the web browser interface For more information on web browser Help options refer to the Management and Configura tion Guide for your switch If you need further information on Hewlett Packard switch technology visit the HP Procurve website at http w w w hp com go hpprocurve xviii Getting Started Need Only a Quick Start Need Only a Quick Start IP Addressing If you just want to give the switch an IP address so that it can communicate on your network or if you are not using VLANs HP recommends that you use the Switch Setup screen to quickly configure IP addressing To do so do one of the following Enter setup at the CLI Manager level prompt HPswitch setup m Inthe Main Menu of the Menu interface select 8 Run Setup For more on using the Switch Setup screen see the Installation and Getting Started Guide you received with the switch To Set Up and Install the Switch in Your Network Use the HP Procurve Series 4100GL
145. est A new web page is presented that consists of two text boxes The upper text boxis filled in with the certificate request text and the bottom text box is empty andis to be used for pasting back the certificate reply from certificate authority They will need to return a none PEM encoded certificate request reply You will need to paste that in the reply box and then i After the certificate request has been processed and a certificate reply i e installable certificate has been received it is pasted into the lower text box viii Click on the Apply Changes button to install the certificate 5 16 Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Configuring the Switch for SSL Operation HP ProCurve Switch Status Information HP JXXXX ProCurve Switch CA o ooa n n Identity Status Gonmiguravon Security Diagnostics Support Authorized Addresses Port Security Intrusion Log SSL Settings Certificate Request SSL Enable Off x Port 443 Certificate Request Send to Certificate Authority CA BEGIN CERTIFICATE REQUEST MI IBNTCB 4A IBADB 9MRCwF OYDVOQDEW4xMC 4yNTUuMj U1Lj I1NTETMBEGALUEBXMK Um92ZXZpbGx LIDELMAKGA1UECBMCQZExCZAJBgNVBAYTALVTIMRgwF g YDVQQKEWw9 I ZXdsZXROIFBhYZ2themQxGTAXBgNVBAS TEFBybON1icnZ 1IES ldHdvcmswWjANBgkq hkiG9w0 BAQEFAANJADBGAKEAz 8WqGkx 8darWCqFoO3 DnouAVZ 62DQulsaZvba2fSs LZr5Z042VbYeBk vZhKpDoJwpIXco P PKkQnhNZNZkvacowIBI6AAMADGCSqGS Ib3 DQEBBAUAAOEBAKdGv2 rt P2G8d6R64bj rJAZVTz 4STP1pR3Loqahax8 j p
146. evAtUe wM BVPLewJkVyd1Yt14GoApCz1 wz5Cpi6MKA Certificate Request Reply Paste CA reply here Certificate Request Reply BEGIN CERTIFICATE MIICZDCCAc2gAwIBAgIDMA0XMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBBAUAMIGHMQswCQYDVQQGEwJa QTEIMCAGAIUECBMZRkK9SIFRFU1LRJTkcgUFVSUESTRVMgTO5MWTEdMBsGA1LUEChMU VGhhd3RIENIcnRpZmljYXRpb24xFzAVBgNVBASTDIRFU1LQgVEVTVCBURVNUMRww GgYDVQQDExNUaGF3dGUgVGVzdCBDQSBSb290MB4XDTAyMTEyMjlyNTIXxN loXDTAy MTIxMzlyNTIXN lowgYQxCzAJBgNVBAYTAIpPBMRUWEWYDVQQIEWxXZXNOZXJuIENh cGUxEjAQBgNVBAcTCUNhcGUgVG93bj EUMBIGA 1 UEChMLT3Bwb3J0dWS5pdGkxGDAW BgNVBAsTD09ubGluZSBTZXJ2aWNIczEaMBgGA UEAxMRd3d3LmZvendhemQuY 28u emEwWjANBgkqhkiG9wOBAQEFAANJADBGAKEA0 aMcXgVruVixw xuASfj6G4gvXe OuqQ7wl7sgvnTwJy9HfdbV3Zto9fdA 9ZIA6EqeWchkoMCY dle3 YrrjSRwwIBA6MI1 MCMwEwYDVROIBAwwCgYIKwY BBQUHAWEWDAY DVROTAQH BAIWADANBgkqhkiG9w0B x Abort Request 7 Apply Changes Clear Changes Figure 5 7 Request for Verified Host Certificate Web Browser Interface Screen 3 Enabling SSL on the Switch and Anticipating SSL Browser Contact Behavior The web managementss command enables SSL on the switch and modifies parameters the switch uses for transactions with clients After you enable SSL the switch can authenticate itself to SSL enabled browsers The no web management ssl command is used to disable SSL on the switch 5 17 Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Configuring the Switch for SSL Operation Note Note Before enabling SSL on the switch you mu
147. ey in figure 4 15 on page 4 23 Syntax copy tftp pub key file lt ip address gt lt filename gt Copies a public key file from a TFTP server into flash memory in the switch show crypto client public key babble fingerprint Displays the client public key s in the switch s current client public key file The babble option converts the key data to phonetic hashes that are easier for visual comparisons The fingerprint option converts the key data to phonetic hashes that are for the same purpose For example if you wanted to copy a client public key file named clientkeys txt from a TFTP server at 10 38 252 195 and then display the file contents HPSwitch config Copy tftp pub key file 10 38 252 195 Clientkeys txt HPSwitch config show crypto client public key O Maden name 1024 bit rsa Jamie wilson fi Jamiewilson Thu Nov 07 2002 21 25 4 2 ssh rsa AAAABSNzaClyc2EAsAADANABAAAAGOCZ IONE qxMHUFEC6ErSulSadUhlEFznFhOqmgP2 SHXYpONR LQOUMAC tr FU QD1LLECM YM9FrN XvZH EIxTdEcSexFX S510tcRaFY zI9Uj K80dBMqvBGKB IyVEbCV wl qdAgbk aEX3d WaPS2xarLCFHsTZhnCvQTZDOGABlLErlcw l 768 bit rsa Jamie wilson Jamiewilson Mon Dec 16 2002 23 01 51 ssh rsa SNzal lyc2EAdsADANABAAAAYODOtmzAS2ZIBgeuFUNOIXISbeooPKZ09TKCPQcKEVE 7N eKESMOX FuEpw fpgqhlvsE66n 8FDu7W B2tKH tqQL Fox 7Gi cxNGhLino pqsSauEym bEnclGu LgaNgdan Key Index Number Figure 4 16 Example of Copying and Displaying a Client Public Key File Containing Two Cli
148. eys generated using these algorithms unless otherwise noted Terminology m SSL Server An HP switch with SSL enabled m Key Pair Public private pair of RSA keys generated by switch of which public portion makes up part of server host certificate and private portion is stored in switch flash not user accessible m Digital Certificate A certificate is an electronic passport that is used to establish the credentials of the subject to which the certificate was issued Information contained within the certificate includes name of the subject serial number date of validity subject s public key and the digital signature of the authority who issued the certifi cate Certificates on Procurve switches conform to the X 509v3 standard which defines the format of the certificate m Self Signed Certificate A certificate not verified by a third party certificate authority CA Self signed certificates provide a reduced level of security compared to a CA signed certificate 5 3 Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Prerequisite for Using SSL m CA Signed Certificate A certificate verified by a third party certif icate authority CA Authenticity of CA Signed certificates can be verified by an audit trail leading to a trusted root certificate Root Certificate A trusted certificate used by certificate authori ties to sign certificates CA Signed Certificates and used later on to verify that authenticity of those signed certif
149. f the VLAN membership temporarily changes to untagged while the client remains unauthenticated If the port already has a statically configured untagged membership in another VLAN then the port temporarily closes access to this other VLAN while in the Unauthorized Client VLAN To limit security risks the network services and access available onthe Unauthorized Client VLAN should include only whata client needs to enable an authentication session If the port is statically configured as a tagged member of any other VLANs access to these VLANs remains open even though the client may not be authenticated Refer to the Caution on page page 6 21 After the client is authenticated the port drops membership in the Unauthorized Client VLAN and becomes an untagged member of this VLAN Note if RADIUS authentication assigns a VLAN the port temporarily becomes a member of the RADIUS assigned VLAN instead of the Authorized Client VLAN while the client is connected If the port is statically configured as a tagged member of a VLAN and this VLAN is used as the Authorized Client VLAN then the port temporarily becomes an untagged member of this VLAN when the client becomes authenticated When the client disconnects the port returns to tagged membership in this VLAN If the port is statically configured as a tagged member of a VLAN that is not used by 802 1x Open VLAN mode an unauthenticated client capable of operating in tagged VLANs ha
150. fec00 0060b0 889e00 action send alarm If you manually configure authorized devices MAC addresses and or an alarm action on a port those settings remain unless you either manually change them or the switch is reset to its factory default configuration You can turn off authorized devices on a port by configuring the port to continuous Learn Mode but subsequently reconfiguring the port to static Learn Mode restores those authorized devices Adding an Authorized Device to a Port To simply add a device MAC address to a port s existing Authorized Addresses list enter the port number with the mac address parameter and the device s MAC address This assumes that Learn Mode is set to static and the Authorized Addresses list is not full as determined by the current Address Limit value For example suppose port Al allows two authorized devices but has only one device in its Autho rized Address list 7 11 Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Port Security Command Options and Operation Although the Address HPswitch config show port security al Limit is set to 2 only one device has been Port Security authorized for this port Port Al In this case you can add i another withouthaving Learn Mode Continuous Static Address Limit 1 2 to also increase the Action None Address Limit None Authorized Addresses The Address Limit has not been reached OcO090 123456 Figure 7 4 Example of Add
151. figured the RADIUS server s to support the switch Refer to the documentation provided with the RADIUS server documentation Server IP address Optional UDP destination port for authentication requests default 1812 recommended Optional UDP destination port for accounting requests default 1813 recommended Optional encryption key for use during authentication sessions with a RADIUS server This key overrides the global encryption key you can also configure on the switch and must match the encryption key used on the specified RADIUS server Default null 3 Configure the global RADIUS parameters Server Key This key must match the encryption key used on the RADIUS servers the switch contacts for authentication and account ing services unless you configure one or more per server keys Default null Timeout Period The timeout period the switch waits for a RADIUS server to reply Default 5 seconds range 1 to 15 seconds Retransmit Attempts The number of retries when there is no server response to a RADIUS authentication request Default 3 range of 1 to 5 Server Dead Time The period during which the switch will not send new authentication requests to a RADIUS server that has failed to respond to a previous request This avoids a wait for a request to time out on a server that is unavailable If you want to use this feature select a dead time period of 1 to 1440 minutes Default 0 disabled range 1
152. figuring the Switch for SSH Operation Notes When you generate a host key pair on the switch the switch places the key pair in flash memory and not in the running config file Also the switch maintains the key pair across reboots including power cycles You should consider this key pair to be permanent that is avoid re generating the key pair without a compelling reason Otherwise you will have to re introduce the switch s public key on all management stations you have set up for SSH access to the switch using the earlier pair Removing zeroizing the switch s public private key pair renders the switch unable to engage in SSH operation and automatically disables IP SSH on the switch To verify whether SSH is enabled execute show ip ssh However any active SSH sessions will continue to run unless explicitly terminated with the CLI kill command To Generate or Erase the Switch s Public Private RSA Host Key Pair Because the host key pair is stored in flash instead of the running config file it is not necessary to use write memory to save the key pair Erasing the key pair automatically disables SSH Syntax crypto key generate ssh rsa Generates a public private key pair for the switch If a switch key pair already exists replaces it with a new key pair See the Note above crypto key zeroize ssh rsa Erases the switch s public private key pair and dis ables SSH operation show crypto host public key Displays
153. ful where the TACACS servers you are using all have an identical key and server specific keys are necessary where different TACACS servers have different keys If TACACS server X does not have an encryption key assigned for the switch then configuring either a global encryption key or aserver specific key in the switch for server X will block authentication support from server X TACACS Authentication Configuring TACACS on the Switch Name Default Range host lt ip addr gt key lt key string gt none n a Specifies the IP address of a device running a TACACS server application Optionally can also specify the unique per server encryption key to use when each assigned server has its own unique key For more on the encryption key see Using the Encryption Key on page 2 23 and the documentation provided with your TACACS server application You can enter up to three IP addresses one first choice and two optional backups one second choice and one third choice Use show tacacs to view the current IP address list If the first choice TACACS server fails to respond to a request the switch tries the second address if any in the show tacacs list If the second address also fails then the switch tries the third address if any See figure 2 3 Example of the Switch s TACACS Configuration Listing on 2 10 The priority first choice second choice and third choice of a TACACS server in the s
154. g 802 1x suppli cant software running provide a server on the Unauthorized Client VLAN for downloading 802 1x supplicant software to the client and a procedure by which the client initiates the download A client must either have a valid IP address configured before connecting to the switch or download one through the Unauthorized Client VLAN from a DHCP server In the latter case you will need to provide DHCP services on the Unauthorized Client VLAN Ensure that the switch is connected to a RADIUS server configured to support authentication requests from clients using ports config ured as 802 1x authenticators The RADIUS server should not be on the Unauthorized Client VLAN 6 26 Caution Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Note that as an alternative you can configure the switch to use local password authentication instead of RADIUS authentication However this is less desirable because it means that all clients use the same passwords and have the same access privileges Also you must use 802 1x supplicant software that supports the use of local switch passwords Ensure that you do not introduce a security risk by allowing Unauthorized Client VLAN access to network services or resources that could be compro mised by an unauthorized client Configuring General 802 1x Operation These steps enable 802 1x authentication and must be done before configuring 802 1x VLAN operation 1 E
155. ge level Note on Privilege Levels When a TACACS server authenticates an access request from a switch it includes a privilege level code for the switch to use in determining which privilege level to grant to the terminal requesting access The switch interprets a privilege level code of 15 as authorization for the Manager read write privilege level access Privilege level codes of 14 and lower result in Operator read only access Thus when configuring the TACACS server response to a request that includes a username pass word pair that should have Manager privileges you must use a privilege level of 15 For more on this topic refer to the documentation you received with your TACACS server application If you are a first time user of the TACACS service HP recommends that you configure only the minimum feature set required by the TACACS application to provide service in your network environment After you have success with the minimum feature set you may then want to try additional features that the application offers 4 Ensure that the switch has the correct local username and password for Manager access If the switch cannot find any designated TACACS servers the local manager and operator username password pairs are always used as the secondary access control method TACACS Authentication General Authentication Setup Procedure Caution You should ensure that the switch has a local Manager password Other wi
156. he Switch s TACACS Server Access The tacacs server command configures these parameters m The host IP address es for up to three TACACS servers one first choice and up to two backups Designating backup servers provides for a continuation of authentication services in case the switch is unable to contact the first choice server An optional encryption key This key helps to improve security and must match the encryption key used in your TACACS server appli cation In some applications the term secret key or secret may be used instead of encryption key If you need only one encryption key for the switch to use in all attempts to authenticate through a TACACS server configure a global key However if the switch is configured to access multiple TACACS servers having different encryption keys you can configure the switch to use different encryp tion keys for different TACACS servers m The timeout value in seconds for attempts to contact a TACACS server If the switch sends an authentication request but does not receive a response within the period specified by the timeout value the switch resends the request to the next server in its Server IP Addr list if any If the switch still fails to receive a response from any TACACS server it reverts to whatever secondary authentication method was configured using the aaa authentication command local or none see Configuring the Switch s Authentication Methods on page 2
157. hin the network General Features 802 1x on the Series 4100GL switches includes the following m Switch operation as both an authenticator for supplicants having a point to point connection to the switch and as a supplicant for point to point connections to other 802 1x aware switches e Authentication of 802 1x clients using a RADIUS server and either the EAP or CHAP protocol e Provision for enabling clients that do not have 802 1 supplicant soft ware to use the switch as a path for downloading the software and initiating the authentication process 802 1x Open VLAN mode e Supplicant implementation using CHAP authentication and indepen dent username and password configuration on each port m Prevention of traffic flow in either direction on unauthorized ports 6 2 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Overview Local authentication of 802 1x clients using the switch s local user name and password as an alternative to RADIUS authentication m Temporary on demand change of a port s VLAN membership status to support a current client s session This does not include ports that are members of a trunk m Session accounting with a RADIUS server including the accounting update interval m Use of Show commands to display session counters m With port security enabled for port access control limit a port to one 802 1x client session at a given time Authenticating Users Port Based Access Control
158. his guide available ina PDF file on the HP Procurve website provides a summary of the CLI com mands generally available for HP Procurve switches For the latest version see Getting Documentation From the Web on page xvii Release Notes Release notes are posted on the HP Procurve website and provide information on new software updates m New features and how to configure and use them Software management including downloading software to the switch m Software fixes addressed in current and previous releases To view and download a copy of the latest release notes for your switch see Getting Documentation From the Web on page xvii Getting Started Getting Documentation From the Web Getting Documentation From the Web 1 Goto the HP Procurve website at http w w w hp com go hpprocurve Click on technical support Click on manuals 4 Click on the product for which you want to view or download a manual gt search contact hp gt switches amp hubs home why hp procurve network design center information library gt case studies gt how to buy technical support gt software networkin gt search gt contact hp switches amp hubs hame gt why hp procurve gt network design center gt informaton lisrary gt case studies gt how to buy technical support gt software hp procurve switches amp hubs technical support technical support gt prin
159. icates Trusted certifi cates are distributed as an integral part of most popular web clients see browser documentation for which root certificates are pre installed m Manager Level Manager privileges on the switch Operator Level Operator privileges on the switch Local password or username A Manager level or Operator level password configured in the switch m SSL Enabled 1 A certificate key pair has been generated on the switch web interface or CLI command crypto key generate cert key size 2 A certificate been generated on the switch web interface or CLI command crypto host cert generate self signed arg list and 8 SSL is enabled web interface or CLI command web management ssl You can generate a certificate without enabling SSL but you cannot enable SSL without first generating a Certificate Prerequisite for Using SSL Before using the switch as an SSL server you must install a publicly or commercially available SSL enabled web browser application on the com puter s you use for management access to the switch Steps for Configuring and Using SSL for Switch and Client Authentication The general steps for configuring ssl include A Client Preparation 5 4 Note l Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Steps for Configuring and Using SSL for Switch and Client Authentication Install an SSL capable browser application on a management station you want to use for access to the switch R
160. ication process Affects only ports configured as 802 1x supplicants clear statistics Clears and restarts the 802 1x supplicant statistics counters 6 36 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Displaying 802 1x Configuration Statistics and Counters Displaying 802 1x Configuration Statistics and Counters 802 1x Authentication Commands page 6 14 802 1x Supplicant Commands page 6 33 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Commands page 6 20 802 1x Related Show Commands show port access authenticator below show port access supplicant page 6 42 Details of 802 1x Mode Status Listings page 6 38 RADIUS server configuration pages 6 19 Show Commands for Port Access Authenticator Syntax show port access authenticator e lt port list gt config statistics session counters show port access authenticator config statistics session counters e lt port list gt Without lt port list gt config statistics session counters l displays whether port access authenticator is active Yes or No and the status of all ports configured for 802 1x authentication The Authenticator Backend State in this data refers to the switch s interaction with the authentication server With lt port list gt only same as above but limits port status to only the specified port Does not display data for a specified port that is not enabled as an authenticator With lt port list gt config statistics se
161. icator switch s local username and password on the supplicant port Syntax aaa port access supplicant ethernet lt port list gt To enable supplicant operation on the designated ports execute this command without any other parameters After doing this you can use the command again with the following parameters to configure supplicant oper tion Use one instance of the command for each parameter you want to configure The no form disables supplicant operation on the designated port s identity lt username gt Sets the username and password to pass to the authen ticator port when a challenge request packet is received from the authenticator port in response to an authen tication request If the intended authenticator port is configured for RADIUS authentication then lt user name gt and lt password gt must be the username and password expected by the RADIUS server If the intended authenticator port is configured for Local authentication then lt username gt and lt password gt must be the username and password configured on the Authenticator switch Defaults Null secret Enter secret lt password gt Repeat secret lt password gt Sets the secret password to be used by the port suppli cant when an MD5 authentication request is received from an authenticator The switch prompts you to enter the secret password after the command is invoked 6 35 Configuring Port Based Access Con
162. ics Clears authenticator statistics counters 6 17 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Configuring Switch Ports as 802 1x Authenticators 3 Configure the 802 1x Authentication Method This task specifies how the switch will authenticate the credentials provided by a supplicant connected to a switch port configured as an 802 1x authenti cator Syntax aaa authentication port access lt local eap radius chap radius gt Determines the type of RADIUS authentication to use local Use the switch s local username and password for sup plicant authentication eap radius Use EAP RADIUS authentication Refer to the docu mentation for your RADIUS server chap radius Use CHAP RADIUS MD 5 authentication Refer to the documentation for your RADIUS server applica tion For example to enable the switch to perform 802 1x authentication using one or more EAP capable RADIUS servers HPswitch config aaa authentication port access eap radius Configuration command HPswitch config show auth for EAP RADIUS authentication Status and Counters Authentication Information Login Attempts 3 Login Login Enable Enable Access Task Primary Secondary Primary Secondary Local 802 1x Port Access Port Access EapRadius e configured for EAP SSH Local RADIUS authentication Figure 6 3 Example of 802 1x Port Access Authentication Configuring Port Based Access Control 802
163. id received from this server The number of RADIUS packets received on the accounting port from this server 3 24 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Viewing RADIUS Statistics RADIUS Authentication Statistics Syntax show authentication Displays the primary and secondary authentication methods configured for the Console Telnet Port Access 802 1x and SSH methods of accessing the switch Also displays the number of access attempts currently allowed in a session show radius authentication Displays NAS identifier and data on the configured RADIUS server and the switch s interactions with this server Requires prior use of the radius server host com mand to configure a RADIUS server IP address in the switch See Configuring RADIUS Accounting on page 3 16 HPswitch gt show authentication Status and Counters Authentication Information Login Attempts 2 Login Login Enable Enable Access Task Primary Secondary Primary Secondary Radius Radius Port Access Local SSH Radius Radius Figure 3 12 Example of Login Attempt and Primary Secondary Authentication Information from the Show Authentication Command HPswitch config show radius authentication Status and Counters RADIUS Authentication Information NAS Identifier HPswitch Invalid Server Addresses UDP Server IP Addr Port Timeouts Requests Challenges Accepts Rejects 192 33 12 65 1812 Figure 3 13 Example of RADIUS
164. iddle spoofing 4 16 messages operating 4 27 OpenSSH 4 3 operating rules 4 8 outbound SSH not secure 4 8 password security 4 18 password only authentication 4 18 passwords assigning 4 9 PEM 4 4 prerequisites 4 4 public key 4 5 4 13 public key displaying 4 14 reserved IP port numbers 4 17 security 4 17 SSHv1 4 2 SSHv2 4 2 steps for configuring 4 6 supported encryption methods 4 3 switch key to client 4 12 terminology 4 3 unauthorized access 4 19 4 26 version 4 2 zeroize 4 11 zeroizing a key 4 11 zeroize 5 12 CA Signed 5 4 5 15 CA Signed Certificate 5 4 5 15 CLI commands 5 7 client behavior 5 17 5 18 crypto key 5 10 disabling 5 10 enabling 5 17 erase certificate key pair 5 10 erase host key pair 5 10 generate CA Signed Certificate 5 15 generate host key pair 5 10 Generate Self Signed 5 13 Generate Self Signed Certificate 5 10 5 13 Generate Server Host Certificate 5 10 generateCA Signed 5 15 generating Host Certificate 5 9 4 Index host key pair 5 10 key babble 5 12 key fingerprint 5 12 man in the middle spoofing 5 18 OpenSSL 5 2 operating notes 5 6 operating rules 5 6 passwords assigning 5 7 prerequisites 5 4 Remove Self Signed Certificate 5 10 Remove Server Host Certificate
165. ig password operator New password Please retype new password Figure 1 2 Example of Configuring Manager and Operator Passw ords 1 5 Configuring Username and Password Security Configuring Local Password Security To Remove Password Protection Removing password protection means to eliminate password security This command prompts you to verify that you want to remove one or both passwords then clears the indicated password s This command also clears the username associated with a password you are removing For example to remove the Operator password and username if assigned from the switch you would do the following HPswitch config no password Password protection will be deleted do you want to continue y n y HPswitch config A Press Y for yes and press Enter Figure 1 3 Removing a Passw ord and Associated Username from the Switch The effect of executing the command in figure 1 3 is to remove password protection from the Operator level This means that anyone who can access the switch console can gain Operator access without having to enter a user name or password Web Setting Passwords and Usernames In the web browser interface you can enter passwords and optional user names To Configure or Remove Usernames and Passwords in the Web Browser Interface 1 Click on the Security tab Click on Device Passw ords 2 Do one of the following e T
166. iguration Login Attempts 3 Login Login Enable Enable Access Task Primary secondary Primary secondar Console Local None Local Telnet Local None Local Shows the contents of _ the public key file Port Access Local downloaded with the copy tftp command in figure 4 13 In this example the file contains two client poNR LQOUMACtrFU QD LIE CM YMOF rN XvZH kIxTdEcSexFx Sl0tcReFY z ISU KS0dBMqvBGKB bCVwl qdAqbk aEX3d WaPS2xarLCFHsTZhnCvQTZDOGABlErlcw 7 68 bit rsa Local_crypto Localcrypto Mon Dec 16 2002 23 01 51 ssh rsa AADABSNzallycZEAAAADAQABAAAAYODOtmzA327IBgeuFINOLXI3bfooPKZ09TKCPQcxXEVE 7N eKE 9MOX vnmt FuEpw fpqhlvsE66n8FDu7i B2tkKH tgQLF qx 7GiV cxNGhLiNno pgSauEyms8Enc1lGu LgAM dan Figure 4 14 SSH Configuration and Client Public Key Listing From Figure 4 13 6 Use an SSH Client To Access the Switch Test the SSH configuration on the switch to ensure that you have achieved the level of SSH operation you want for the switch If you have problems refer to RADIUS Related Problems in the Troubleshooting chapter of the Manage ment and Configuration Guide for your switch 4 21 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Further Information on SSH Client Public Key Authentication Further Information on SSH Client Public Key Authentication The section titled 5 Configuring the Switch for SSH Authentication on page 4 18 lists the steps for configuring SSH authentication on the switch Howev
167. igured secondary option 3 14 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Controlling Web Browser Interface Access When Using RADIUS Authentication For local authentication the switch uses the Operator level and Manager level username password set s previously configured locally on the switch These are the usernames and passwords you can configure using the CLI password command the web browser interface or the menu interface which enables only local password configuration m Ifthe operator at the requesting terminal correctly enters the user name password pair for either access level Operator or Manager access is granted on the basis of which username password pair was used For example suppose you configure Telnet primary access for RADIUS and Telnet secondary access for local If a RADIUS access attempt fails then you can still get access to either the Operator or Manager level of the switch by entering the correct username pass word pair for the level you want to enter m Ifthe username password pair entered at the requesting terminal does not match either local username password pair previously configured in the switch access is denied In this case the terminal is again prompted to enter a username password pair In the default configu ration the switch allows up to three attempts If the requesting terminal exhausts the attempt limit without a successful authentica tion the login session is terminated and the operator a
168. inate a web proxy server from the path between a station and the switch 8 12 Using Authorized IP Managers Operating Notes Even if you need proxy server access enabled in order to use other applications you can still eliminate proxy service for web access to the switch To do so add the IP address or DNS name of the switch to the non proxy or Exceptions list in the web browser interface you are using on the authorized station If you don t need proxy server access at all on the authorized station then just disable the proxy server feature in the station s web browser interface 8 13 Index Numerics 3DES 4 3 5 3 802 1x See port based access control 6 1 A aaa authentication 2 9 access levels authorized IP managers 8 3 accounting See RADIUS address authorized for port security 7 3 authentication SeeTACACS authorized addresses for IP management security 8 4 for port security 7 3 authorized IP managers access levels 8 3 building IP masks 8 9 configuring in browser interface 8 7 8 8 configuring in console 8 5 definitions of single and multiple 8 4 effect of duplicate IP addresses 8 12 IP mask for multiple stations 8 10 IP mask for single station 8 9 IP mask operation 8 4 operating notes 8 12 overview 8 1 troubleshooting 8 12 C Clear button to delete password protection 1 5 configuration port security 7
169. ing IP Authorized Managers for the Switch Syntax ip authorized managers lt ip address gt Configures one or more authorized IP addresses mask lt mask bits gt Configures the IP mask for lt ip address gt lt operator manager gt Configures the privilege level for lt ip address gt To Authorize Manager Access This command authorizes manager level access for any station having an IP address of 10 28 227 0 through 10 28 227 255 HPswitch config ip authorized managers 10 28 227 101 mask 255 255 255 0 manager Similarly the next command authorizes manager level access for any station having an IP address of 10 28 227 101 through 103 HPswitch config ip authorized managers 10 28 227 101 mask 255 255 255 252 manager If you omit the mask when adding a new authorized manager the switch automatically uses 255 255 255 255 for the mask If you do not specify either Manager or Operator access the switch automatically assigns the Manager access For example HPswitch config ip authorized managers 10 28 227 105 8 7 Using Authorized IP Managers Web Configuring IP Authorized Managers The result of entering the preceeding example is e Authorized Station IP Address 10 28 227 105 e IP Mask 255 255 255 255 which authorizes only the specified station 10 28 227 105 in this case See Configuring Multiple Stations Per Authorized Manager IP Entry on page 8 10 e Access Level Manager To Edit an Existing
170. ing an Authorized Device to a Port With the above configuration for port A1 the following command adds the 0c0090 456456 MAC address as the second authorized address HPswitch config port security al mac address 0c0090 456456 After executing the above command the security configuration for port Al would be HPswitch config show port security al Port Security Port Al Learn Mode Continuous Static Address Limit 1 42 Action None None f Authorized Addresses The Address Limit has been reached OcO090 123456 OcOO090 456456 Figure 7 5 Example of Adding a Second Authorized Device to a Port The message Inconsistent value appears if the new MAC address exceeds the current Address Limit or specifies a device that is already on the list Note that if you change a port from static to continuous learn mode the port retains in memory any authorized addresses it had while in static mode If you subse quently attempt to convert the port back to static mode with the same authorized address es the Inconsistent value message appears because the port already has the address es in its Authorized list 7 12 Caution Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Port Security Command Options and Operation If you are adding a device MAC address to a port on which the Authorized Addresses list is already full as controlled by the port s current Address Limit setting then you must increase the Address Limi
171. ining the information listed below when system events occur on the switch including system reset system boot and enabling or disabling of system accounting e Acct Session Id e Acct Delay Time e NAS lIdentifier e Acct Status Type e Username e Calling Station Id e Acct Terminate Cause Service Type e Acct Authentic e NAS IP Address The switch forwards the accounting information it collects to the designated RADIUS server where the information is formatted stored and managed by the server For more information on this aspect of RADIUS accounting refer to the documentation provided with your RADIUS server Operating Rules for RADIUS Accounting You can configure up to three types of accounting to run simulta neously exec system and network m RADIUS servers used for accounting are also used for authentication m The switch must be cofigured to access at least one RADIUS server m RADIUS servers are accessed in the order in which their IP addresses were configured in the switch Use show radius to view the order As long as the first server is accesssible and responding to authenti cation requests from the switch a second or third server will not be accessed For more on this topic refer to Changing RADIUS Server Access Order on page 3 27 3 17 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Configuring RADIUS Accounting m Ifaccess to a RADIUS server fails during a session but after the client has been authenticated
172. int e al7 lacp passive Error configuring port A17 LACP and port security cannot be run together HPswitch config To restore LACP to the port you must remove port security and re enable LACP active or passive 7 23 Using Authorized IP Managers Contents Using Authorized IP Managers Contents oenina et ei ae ne a ee ee Se Te 8 1 Overview sconces nes Ricca bilan eeeG toed eee eeeels ceed 4 8 2 Options ana Pe 8 3 Access Levels i osre a ieee RS aes Eas Seek aes 8 3 Defining Authorized Management Stations Overview of IP Mask Operation 00 00 c eee ee eee eee 8 4 Menu Viewing and Configuring IP Authorized Managers 8 5 CLI Viewing and Configuring Authorized IP Managers 8 6 Listing the Switch s Current Authorized IP Manager s 8 6 Configuring IP Authorized Managers for the Switch 8 7 Web Configuring IP Authorized Managers 8 8 Building IP Masks Configuring One Station Per Authorized Manager IP Entry 8 9 Configuring Multiple Stations Per Authorized Manager IP Entry 8 10 Additional Examples for Authorizing Multiple Stations 8 12 Operating Notes i 22 dc 048a scutes toni gee ieentasdatee dot tela 8 12 8 1 Using Authorized IP Managers Overview Overview Authorized IP M anager Features Feature Default Menu CLI Web Listing Showing Authorized n a page 8 5 page8 6 page8 8 Managers Configuring Authorized I
173. invent nn ob S Y gt D 0O Go O L o oO 7 HP Procurve Series 4100GL Switches Software Release G 07 XX or Greater Access Security Guide Copyright 2001 2002 Hew lett Packard Company All Rights Reserved This document contains information which is protected by copyright Reproduction adaptation or translation without prior permission is prohibited except as allowed under the copyright laws Publication Number 5990 3032 December 2002 Edition 2 Applicable Product HP Procurve Switch 4104GL J4887A HP Procurve Switch 4108GL J4865A Trademark Credits Microsoft Windows Windows 95 and Microsoft Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation Internet Explorer is a trademark of Microsoft Corporation Ethernet is a registered trademark of Xerox Corporation Netscape is aregistered trademark of Netscape Corporation Cisco is a trademark of Cisco Systems Inc Disclaimer The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice HEWLETT PACKARD COMPANY MAKES NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND WITH REGARD TO THIS MATERIAL INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Hewlett Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing performance or use of this material Hewlett Packard assumes no responsibilit
174. k managementstation and disable the port If you subsequently re enable the port without clearing the port s intrusion flag the port will block further intruders but the switch will not disable the port again until you reset the intrusion flag See the Note on 7 17 For information on configuring the switch for SNMP management refer to the M anagement and Configuration Guide for your switch clear intrusion flag Clears the intrusion flag for a specific port See Reading Intrusion Alerts and Resetting Alert Flags on page 7 15 Retention of Static Addresses Learned Addresses In the following two cases a port in Static learn mode retains a learned MAC address even if you later reboot the switch or disable port security for that port m The port learns a MAC address after you configure the port for Static learn mode in both the startup config file and the running config file by executing the write memory command m The port learns a MAC address after you configure the port for Static learn mode in only the running config file and after the address is learned you execute write memory to configure the startup config file to match the running config file To remove an address learned using either of the preceding methods do one of the following Delete the address by using no port security lt port number gt mac address lt mac addr gt Download a configuration file that does not include the unwanted MAC add
175. l Table 4 5 SSH Options Switch Primary SSH Authenticate Authenticate Primary Switch Secondary Switch Access Authentication SwitchPublicKey Client Public Key Password Password Level to SSH Clients to the Switch Authentication Authentication Operator ssh login rsa Yes Yes No local or none Login ssh login Local Yes No Yes local or none pave ssh login TACACS Yes No Yes local or none ssh login RADIUS Yes No Yes local or none 4 5 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Steps for Configuring and Using SSH for Switch and Client Authentication Switch Primary SSH Authenticate Authenticate Primary Switch Secondary Switch Access Authentication SwitchPublicKey Client Public Key Password Password Level to SSH Clients to the Switch Authentication Authentication Manager ssh enable local Yes No Yes local or none Enable ssh enable tacacs Yes No Yes local or none Level ssh enable radius Yes No Yes local or none For ssh login public key the switch uses client public key authentication instead of the switch password options for primary authentication The general steps for configuring SSH include A Client Preparation 1 Install an SSH client application on a management station you want to use for access to the switch Refer to the documentation provided with your SSH client application 2 Optional If you want the switch to authenticate a client public key on the client a Either generate a public private key pai
176. l Configuring a user name requires either the CLI or the web browser interface 1 From the Main Menu select 3 Console Passwords SSSSSSS SSSSSSSS S S CONSOLE MANAGER MODE Set Password Menu Set Operator Password Set Manager Password Delete Password Protection DOUNE Return to Main Menu Prompts you to enter an Operator level password To select menu item press item number or highlight item and press lt Enter gt Figure 1 1 The Set Password Screen 2 To set anew password a Select SetManagerPassword or SetOperator Password You will then be prompted with Enter new password b Type a password of up to 16 ASCII characters with no spaces and press Enter Remember that passwords are case sensitive c When prompted with Enter new password again retype the new pass word and press Enter After you configure a password if you subsequently start a new console session you will be prompted to enter the password If you use the CLI or web browser interface to configure an optional username the switch will prompt you for the username and then the password To Delete Password Protection Including Recovery from a Lost Password This procedure deletes all usernames if configured and pass words Manager and Operator 1 4 Configuring Username and Password Security Configuring Local Password Security If you have physical access to
177. lies the IP mask to the IP address you specify to determine a range of authorized IP addresses for management access As described above that range can be as small as one IP address if 255 is set for all octets in the mask or can include multiple IP addresses if one or more octets in the mask are set to less than 255 If a bit in an octet of the mask is on set to 1 then the corresponding bit in the IP address of a potentially authorized station must match the same bit in the IP address you entered in the Authorized Manager IP list Conversely if a bit in an octet of the mask is off set to 0 then the corresponding bit in the IP address of a potentially authorized station on the network does not have to match its counterpart in the IP address you entered in the Authorized Manager IP list Thus in the example shown above a 255 in an IP Mask octet all bits in the octet are on means only one value is allowed for that octet the value you specify in the corresponding octet of the Authorized Manager IP list A 0 all bits in the octet are off means that any value from 0 to 255 is allowed in the corresponding octet in the IP address of an authorized station You can also specify a series of values that are a subset of the 0 255 range by using a value that is greater than 0 but less than 255 8 10 Using Authorized IP Managers Building IP Masks Figure 8 5 Analysis of IP Mask for Multiple Station
178. match then the client is authenticated Otherwise the client is denied access Using client public key authentication requires these steps 1 Generate a public private key pair for each client you want to have SSH access to the switch This can be a separate key for each client or the same key copied to several clients 2 Copy the public key for each client into a client public key text file 3 Use copy tftp to copy the client public key file into the switch Note that the switch can hold 10 keys The new key is appended to the client public key file 4 Use the aaa authentication ssh command to enable client public key authentication To Create a Client Public Key Text File These steps describe how to copy client public keys into the switch for RSA challenge response authenti cation and require an understanding of how to use your SSH client applica tion Bit Size Exponent Modulus Comment y 4 lt n gt 1024 35 11407406661 701446907963803652840180539 43745111482882509285550110168603 082 745413543 7656095999692 91 396053556814 7055850510254 98575946923 smi th support cairns com Figure 4 15 Example of a Client Public Key 4 23 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Further Information on SSH Client Public Key Authentication Notes Comments in public key files such as smith support cairns com in figure 4 15 may appear in a SSH client application s generated public key While such comments may help to distinguish o
179. mmand or the Menu interface Supplicant The entity that must provide the proper credentials to the switch before receiving access to the network This is usually an end user work station but it can be a switch router or another device seeking network services Tagged VLAN Membership This type of VLAN membership allows a port to be a member of multiple VLANs simultaneously If a client connected to the port has an operating system that supports 802 1q VLAN tagging then the client can access VLANs for which the port is a tagged member If the client does not support VLAN tagging then it can access only a VLAN for which the port is an untagged member A port can be an untagged member of only one VLAN at a time 802 1x Open VLAN mode does not affect a port s tagged VLAN access unless the port is statically configured as a member of a VLAN that is also configured as the Unauthorized Client or Authorized Client VLAN See also Untagged VLAN Membership Unauthorized Client VLAN A conventional static VLAN previously config ured on the switch by the System Administrator It is used to provide access to a client prior to authentication It should be set up to allow an unauthenticated client to access only the initialization services necessary to establish an authenticated connection plus any other desirable services whose use by an unauthenticated client poses no security threat to your network Note that an unauthenticated client has access
180. n its response packet For the switch this is the identity setting included in the supplicant command page 6 35 Does not display data for a specified port that is not enabled as an authenticator Viewing 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Status You can examine the switch s current VLAN status by using the show port access authenticator and show vlan lt vian id gt commands as illustrated in this section Figure 6 5 shows an example of show port access authenticator output and table 6 1 describes the data that this command displays Figure 6 6 shows related VLAN data that can help you to see how the switch is using statically configured VLANs to support 802 1x operation 6 38 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Displaying 802 1x Configuration Statistics and Counters HP switch config show port access authenticator bi b4 An Unauth VLAN ID appearing in the Current VLAN ID column for the same port indicates an unauthenticated client is Port Access Authenticator Status connected to this port Assumes that the port is not a statically Port access authenticator activated No Yes configured member of VLAN 100 Access Authenticator Authenticator Unauth Auth Current Port Status Control State Backend State VLAN ID VLAN JD VLAN ID Bl Closed Auto Connecting Idle pl B2 Open y Auto XN p Idle 7 B3 Closed Auto Connecting Idle B4 Closed Auto Disconnected Idle No PVID connected to port B2 4 A 0 in
181. nable 802 1x authentication on the individual ports you want to serve as authenticators The switch automatically disables LACP on the ports on which you enable 802 1x On the ports you will use as authenticators with VLAN Operation ensure that the default port control parameter is set to auto This setting requires a client to support 802 1x authentica tion with 802 1x supplicant operation and to provide valid credentials to get network access Syntax aaa port access authenticator e lt port list gt control auto Activates 802 1x port access on ports you have configured as authenticators 2 Configure the 802 1x authentication type Options include Syntax aaa authentication port access lt local eap radius chap radius gt Determines the type of RADIUS authentication to use local Use the switch s local username and password for supplicant authentication the default eap radiusUse EAP RADIUS authentication Refer to the documentation for your RADIUS server chap radiusUse CHAP RADIUS MD5 authentication Refer to the documentation for your RADIUS server software 6 27 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Note 3 If you selected either eap radius or chap radius for step 2 use the radius host command to configure up to three RADIUS server IP address es on the switch Syntax radius host lt ip address gt Adds a server to the RADIUS configuration key lt se
182. ne key from another they do not pose any restriction on the use of a key by multiple clients and or users Public key illustrations such as the key shown in figure 4 15 usually include line breaks as a method for showing the whole key However in practice line breaks in a public key will cause errors resulting in authentication failure l Use your SSH client application to create a public private key pair Refer to the documentation provided with your SSH client application for details The switch supports the following client public key properties Property Supported Comments Value Key Format Key Type Maximum Supported Public Key Length Maximum Key Size ASCII See figure 4 9 on page 4 13 The key must be one unbroken ASCII string If you add more than one client public key to a file terminate each key except the last one with a lt CR gt lt LF gt Spaces are allowed within the key to delimit the key s components Note that unlike the use of the switch s public key in an SSH client application the format of a client public key used by the switch does not include the client s IP address RSA only 3072 bits 1024 Shorter key lengths allow faster operation but also mean diminished security Includes the bit size public index modulus any comments lt CR gt lt LF gt and all blank characters spaces If necessary you can use an editor application to verify the size of a key Fo
183. nfiguring the Switch for SSL Operation Using the web browser interface To Configure Local Passwords You can configure both the Operator and Manager password on one screen To access the web browser interface see the Series 4100GLswitches Management and Configuration guide Chapter titled Using the HP Web Browser Interface Status Information CA Identity Status Gomiguratior Security Diagnostics Support Authorized Addresses Port Security Intrusion ig sst Read Only Access Security Tab P Operator User Name assword Button Operator Password Confirm Operator Password Read Write Access Manager User Name Manager Password Confirm Manager Password Apply Changes Clear Changes Figure 5 2 Example of Configuring Local Passwords 1 Proceed to the security tab and select device passwords button 2 Click in the appropriate box in the Device Passwords window and enter user names and passwords You will be required to repeat the password strings in the confirmation boxes Both the user names and passwords can be up to 16 printable ASCII characters 3 Click on Apply Changes button to activate the user names and pass words 5 8 Note Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Configuring the Switch for SSL Operation 2 Generating the Switch s Server Host Certificate You must generate a server certificate on the switch before enableing SSL The switch uses this server certificate al
184. no effect on 2 6 tacacs server 2 9 reserved port numbers 5 20 Telnet 2 15 test 2 15 See RADIUS 3 4 troubleshoot 2 15 troubleshooting authorized IP managers 8 12 trunk LACP 802 1x not allowed 6 15 See also LACP user name cleared 1 5 value inconsistent 7 12 VLAN 802 1x 6 43 802 1x ID changes 6 46 2 8 802 1x suspend untagged VLAN 6 39 warranty 1 ii web browser interface for configuring port security 7 22 authorized IP managers 8 7 8 8 security 7 15 web server proxy 7 22 web browser interface for configuring port Index 5 6 Index O invent Technical information in this document is subject to change without notice Copyright Hewlett Packard Company 2000 2002 All right reserved Reproduction adaptation or translation without prior written permission is prohibited except as allowed under the copyright laws Produced in Singapore Edition 2 December 2002 Manual Part Number 5990 3032
185. not a supplicant Occurs when there is an attempt to change the supplicant configuration on a port that is not currently enabled as a supplicant Enable the port as a supplicant and then make the desired supplicant configuration changes Refer to Enabling a Switch Port To Operate as a Supplicant on page 6 34 No server s responding This message can appear if you configured the switch for EAP RADIUS or CHAP RADIUS authentication but the switch does not receive a response from a RADIUS server Ensure that the switch is configured to access at least one RADIUS server Use show radius If you also see the message Can t reach RADIUS server lt x x x x gt try the suggestions listed for that message page 3 29 LACP has been disabled on 802 1x port s Error configuring port lt port number gt LACP and 802 1x cannot be run together To maintain security LACP is not allowed on ports configured for 802 1x authenticator operation If you configure port security on a port on which LACP active or passive is configured the switch removes the LACP configuration displays a notice that LACP is disabled onthe port s and enables 802 1x on that port Also the switch will not allow you to configure LACP ona port on which port access 802 1x is enabled 6 47 Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Contents Basic Operation Blocking Unauthorized Traffic 000 e ee eee eee 7 3 Trunk
186. ns the default accounting port number Default 1813 key lt key string gt Optional Specifies an encryption key for use during accounting or authentication sessions with the specified server This key must match the encryption key used on the RADIUS server Use this command only if the specified server requires a different encryption key than configured for the global encryption key For a more complete description of the radius server command and its options turn to page 3 10 For example suppose you want to the switch to use the RADIUS server described below for both authentication and accounting purposes m IP address 10 33 18 151 m Anon default UDP port number of 1750 for accounting For this example assume that all other RADIUS authentication parameters for accessing this server are acceptable at their default settings and that RADIUS is already configured as an authentication method for one or more types of access to the switch Telnet Console etc 3 19 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Configuring RADIUS Accounting HPswitch config radius server host 10 33 18 151 acct port 1750 key sourceO1i51 HPswitch config write mem HPswitch config show radius Status and Counters General RADIUS Information Deadtime min 5 i Because the radius server command Timeout secs 3 includes an acct port element with a non Retransmit Attempts 2 default 1750 the switch assigns this value to Global
187. nsmission The number of RADIUS Accounting Request packets retransmitted to this RADIUS accounting server Retransmissions include retries where the Identifier and Acct Delay have been updated as well as those in which they remain the same The number of accounting timeouts to this server After a timeout the client may retry to the same server send to a different server or give up A retry to the same server is counted as a retransmit as well as a timeout A send to a different server is counted as an Accounting Request as well as a timeout The number of malformed RADIUS Accounting Response packets received from this server Malformed packets include packets with an invalid length Bad authenticators and unknown types are not included as malformed accounting responses The number of RADIUS Accounting Response packets which contained invalid authenticators received from this server The number of RADIUS packets of unknown type which were received from this server on the accounting port The number of RADIUS packets which were received from this server on the accounting port and dropped for some other reason The number of RADIUS Accounting Request packets sent This does not include retransmissions The number of RADIUS Access Challenge packets valid or invalid received from this server The number of RADIUS Access Accept packets valid or invalid received from this server The number of RADIUS Access Reject packets valid or inval
188. nteger gt When Learn Mode is set to Static specifies how many authorized devices MAC addresses to allow Range 1 the default to 8 MAC Address mac address lt mac addr gt Available for static learn mode Allows up to eight authorized devices MAC addresses per port depending on the value specified in the address limit parameter If you use mac address with static but enter fewer devices than you specified in the address limit field the port accepts not only your specified devices but also as many other devices as it takes to reach the device limit For example if you specify four devices but enter only two MAC addresses the port will accept the first two non specified devices it detects along with the two specifically authorized devices Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Port Security Command Options and Operation Parameter Description Action Clear Intrusion Flag action lt none send alarm send disable gt Specifies whether an SNMP trap is sent to a network management station when Learn Mode is set to static and the port detects an unauthorized device or when Learn Mode is setto continuous and there is an address change on a port None the default Prevents an SNMP trap from being sent Send Alarm Causes the switch to send an SNMP trap to a network management station Send Alarm and Disable Available only in the static learn mode Causes the switch to send an SNMP trap to a networ
189. nting 0 0 0c cece eee 3 16 Operating Rules for RADIUS Accounting 04 3 17 Steps for Configuring RADIUS Accounting 3 18 1 Configure the Switch To Access a RADIUS Server 3 19 2 Configure Accounting Types and the Controls for Sending Reports to the RADIUS Server 000s eee eens 3 20 3 Optional Configure Session Blocking and Interim Updating Options e a E E a ER 3 22 Viewing RADIUS Statistics 0 0 ccc eens 3 23 General RADIUS Statistics 0 0 0 3 23 RADIUS Authentication Statistics 0 0 0 0 cc eee 3 25 RADIUS Accounting Statistics 0 0 cece eee 3 26 Changing RADIUS Server Access Order 05 3 27 Messages Related to RADIUS Operation 3 29 3 1 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Overview Note Overview Feature Default Menu CLI Web Configuring RADIUS Authentication None n a 3 6 n a Configuring RADIUS Accounting None n a 3 16 n a Viewing RADIUS Statistics n a n a 3 23 n a RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial In User Service enables you to use up to three servers one primary server and one or two backups and maintain separate authentication and accounting for each RADIUS server employed For authentication this allows a different password for each user instead of having to rely on maintaining and distributing switch specific passwords to all us
190. o deletes a server from the configuration You can configure up to three RADIUS server addresses The switch uses the first server it successfully accesses Refer to Changing the RADIUS Server Access Order on page 3 27 auth port lt port number gt Optional Changes the UDP destination port for authenti cation requests to the specified RADIUS server host If you do not use this option with the radius server host command the switch automatically assigns the default authentication port number The auth port number must match its server counterpart Default 1812 acct port lt port number gt Optional Changes the UDP destination port for account ing requests to the specified RADIUS server If you do not use this option with the radius server host command the switch automatically assigns the default accounting port number The acet portnumber must match its server coun terpart Default 1813 key lt key string gt Optional Specifies an encryption key for use during authentication or accounting sessions with the specified server This key must match the encryption key used on the RADIUS server Use this command only if the specified server requires a different encryption key than configured for the global encryption key no radius server host lt ip address gt key Use the no form of the command to remove the key for a specified server 3 10 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Configuring the Swi
191. o set username and password protection enter the usernames and passwords you want in the appropriate fields e To remove username and password protection leave the fields blank 3 Implement the usernames and passwords by clicking on Apply Changes To access the web based help provided for the switch click on in the web browser screen 1 6 TACACS Authentication Contents Overview aoai ran oe ies Batol Rests eh Paden Ria a hp a Speedin 2 2 Terminology Used in TACACS Applications 2 4 General System Requirements 00 0 cece eens 2 5 General Authentication Setup Procedure 2 6 Configuring TACACS on the Switch 000055 2 9 Before You Begin 0 ccc cee ene tect n eee nee ae 2 9 CLI Commands Described in this Section 0 00005 2 9 Viewing the Switch s Current Authentication Configuration 2 10 Viewing the Switch s Current TACACS Server Contact Conti SuratiOne a essei ea iaa eh ane ee deed Seed re nese aa 2 10 Configuring the Switch s Authentication Methods 2 11 Configuring the Switch s TACACS Server Access 2 15 How Authentication Operates 0 0 ene 2 20 General Authentication Process Using a TACACS Server 2 20 Local Authentication Process 00 c ccc eee eens 2 22 Using the Encryption Key 02 cece eee eee eens 2 23 General Operation 2 0 0
192. one and a private key that is held internally in the switch or by a client 4 3 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Prerequisite for Using SSH PEM Privacy Enhanced Mode Refers to an ASCII formatted client public key that has been encoded for portability and efficiency SSHv2 client public keys are typically stored in the PEM format See figures 4 3 and 4 4 for examples of PEM encoded ASCII and non encoded ASCII keys Private Key An internally generated key used in the authentication process A private key generated by the switch is not accessible for viewing or copying A private key generated by an SSH client applica tion is typically stored in a file on the client device and together with its public key counterpart can be copied and stored on multiple devices Public Key An internally generated counterpart to a private key A device s public key is used to authenticate the device to other devices Enable Level Manager privileges on the switch Login Level Operator privileges on the switch Local password or username A Manager level or Operator level password configured in the switch SSH Enabled 1 A public private key pair has been generated on the switch crypto key generate ssh rsa and 2 SSH is enabled ip ssh You can generate a key pair without enabling SSH but you cannot enable SSH without first generating a key pair See 2 Gener ating the Switch s Public and Private Key Pair on page 4 10 and
193. ong with a dynamically generated session key pair to negotiate an encryption method and session with a browser trying to connect via SSL to the switch The session key pair mentioned above is not visible on the switch It is a temporary internally generated pair used for a particular switch client session and then discarded The server certificate is stored in the switch s flash memory The server certificate should be added to your certificate folder on the SSL clients who you want to have access to the switch Most browser applications automati cally add the switch s host certificate to there certificate folder on the first use This method does allow for a security breach on the first access to the switch Refer to the documentation for your browser application There are two types of certificated that can be used for the switch s host certificate The first type is a self signed certificate which is generated and digitally signed by the switch Since self signed certificates are not signed by a third party certificate authority there is no audit trail to aroot CA certificate and no fool proof means of verifying authenticity of certificate The second type is a certificate authority signed certificate which is digitally signed by a certificate authority has an audit trail to a root CA certificate and can be verified unequivocally There is usually a fee associated with receiving a verified certificate and the valid dates are limit
194. ons in the Switch 02000 2 23 Controlling Web Browser Interface Access When Using TACACS Authentication 0 0 0c cee eee 2 24 Messages Related to TACACS Operation 2 25 Operating Notes 0 0 0 ccc ene ence enn ences 2 25 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Contents o sft ee Le E VR i i ee i ah tee ae 3 1 OV OI VIOW rotge a A gsi seo ETEA ENEE A E NE anal Mudd wha to ate eos 3 2 Terminology 3 ccc sede wea eae acd es oe as eco 3 3 Switch Operating Rules for RADIUS 005 3 4 General RADIUS Setup Procedure 00 cece eee 3 5 Preparation on riea acs ae sealer AEE cies SOM ced i BEA kaso area a tla Ad ae 3 5 Configuring the Switch for RADIUS Authentication 3 6 Outline of the Steps for Configuring RADIUS Authentication 3 6 1 Configure Authentication for the Access Methods You Want RADIUS To Protect 04 22 diacecctves ta ete ee Se ke etats 3 8 2 Configure the Switch To Access a RADIUS Server 3 10 3 Configure the Switch s Global RADIUS Parameters 3 12 Local Authentication Process 00 0 0 e cece nee 3 14 Controlling Web Browser Interface Access When Using RADIUS Authentication 3 15 Configuring RADIUS Accounting 0 000 ee eee 3 16 Operating Rules for RADIUS Accounting 04 3 17 Steps for Configuring RADIUS Acco
195. ors and or supplicants and disable LACP on these ports See the Note on 802 1x and LACP on page 6 10 Determine whether to use the optional 802 1x Open VLAN mode for clients that are not 802 1x aware that is for clients that are not running 802 1x supplicant software This will require you to provide download able software that the client can use to enable an authentication session For more on this topic refer to 802 1x Open VLAN Mode on page 6 20 For each port you want to operate as a supplicant determine a username and password pair You can either use the same pair for each port or use unique pairs for individual ports or subgroups of ports This can also be the same local username password pair that you assign to the switch Unless you are using only the switch s local username and password for 802 1x authentication configure at least one RADIUS server to authenti cate access requests coming through the ports on the switch from external supplicants including switch ports operating as 802 1x supplicants You can use up to three RADIUS servers for authentication one primary and two backups Refer to the documentation provided with your RADIUS application 6 11 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x General Setup Procedure for Port Based Access Control 802 1x Note Overview Configuring 802 1x Authentication on the Switch This section outlines the steps for configuring 802 1x on the switch
196. pdate information product notes and other information A printed copy is shipped with your switch For the latest version refer to Getting Documentation From the Web on page xvii Physical Installation and Initial Network Access Use the Installation and Getting Started Guide shipped with your switch to prepare for and perform the physical installation This guide also steps you through connect ing the switch to your network and assigning IP addressing as well as describing the LED indications for correct operation and trouble analysis A PDF version of this guide is also provided on the Product Documentation CD ROM shipped with the switch And you can download a copy from the HP Procurve website See Getting Documentation From the Web on page xvii General Switch Management and Configuration Use the Management and Configuration Guide for information on m Usingthe command line interface CLI Menu interface and web browser interface m Learning the operation and configuration of all switch software features other than the access security features included in this guide m Troubleshooting software operation Getting Started Related Publications HP provides a PDF version of this guide on the Product Documentation CD ROM shipped with the switch You can also download the latest copy from the HP Procurve website See Getting Documentation From the Web on page xvii Command Line Interface Reference Guide T
197. peration 7 2 configuring 7 5 configuring in browser interface 7 15 7 22 event log 7 21 notice of security violations 7 15 operating notes 7 22 overview 7 2 prior to 7 23 proxy web server 7 22 port based access control authenticate switch 6 4 authenticate users 6 3 authenticator operation 6 5 6 7 authenticator show commands 6 37 block traffic 6 2 blocking non 802 1x device 6 32 2 Index CHAP 6 2 chap radius 6 18 configuration commands 6 14 configuration overview 6 12 configuration displaying 6 37 configuring method 6 18 counters 6 37 EAP 6 2 EAPOL 6 8 eap radius 6 18 enabling on ports 6 15 enabling on switch 6 19 features 6 2 general setup 6 11 GVRP effect 6 46 LACP not allowed 6 47 local 6 18 local username and password 6 3 MD5 6 7 messages 6 47 open VLAN authorized client 6 21 configuration 6 27 6 29 general operation 6 20 mode 6 20 operating notes 6 30 operating rules 6 24 security breach 6 30 set up 6 26 status viewing 6 38 suspended VLAN 6 39 unauthorized client 6 21 use models 6 21 operation 6 5 overview 6 2 port security with 802 1x 6 31 RADIUS 6 2 RADIUS host IP address 6 19 rules of operation 6 9 show commands 6 37 show commands supplicant 6 42 statistics 6 37 supplicant oper
198. peration you must enable 802 1x authentication Refer to 5 Enable 802 1 Authentication on the switch on page 6 12 control lt authorized auto unauthorized gt Controls authentication mode on the specified port auto the default The device connected to the port must support 802 1x authentication and provide valid credentials in order to get network access You have the option of using the Open VLAN mode to provide a path for clients without 802 1x supplicant software to download this software and begin the authentication process Refer to SO2 1x Open VLAN Mode on page 6 20 authorized Also termed Force Authorized Grants access to any device connected to the port In this case the device does not have to provide 802 1x credentials or support 802 1x authentication However you can still configure console Telnet or SSH security on the port unauthorized Also termed Force Unauthorized Do not grant access to the network regardless of whether the device provides the correct credentials and has 802 1x support In this state the port blocks access to any connected device Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Configuring Switch Ports as 802 1x Authenticators aaa port access authenticator lt port list gt Syntax Continued quiet period lt 0 65535 gt Sets the period during which the port does not try to acquire a supplicant The period begins after the last attempt auth orize
199. ple of the Intrusion Log Display The above example shows two intrusions for port A3 and one intrusion for port A1 In this case only the most recent intrusion at port A3 has not been acknowledged reset This is indicated by the following e Because the Port Status screen figure 7 10 on page 7 18 does not indicate an intrusion for port A1 the alert flag for the intru sion on port Al has already been reset e Since the switch can show only one uncleared intrusion per port the older intrusion for port A3 in this example has also been previously reset 7 18 Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Reading Intrusion Alerts and Resetting Alert Flags The intrusion log holds up to 20 intrusion records and deletes an intrusion record only when the log becomes full and a new intrusion is subsequently detected Note also that the prior to text in the record for the earliest intrusion means that a switch reset occurred at the indicated time and that the intrusion occurred prior to the reset 3 To acknowledge the most recent intrusion entry on port A3 and enable the switch to enter a subsequently detected intrusion on this port type R for Resetalertflags Note that if there are unacknowledged intrusions on two or more ports this step resets the alert flags for all such ports If you then re display the port status screen you will see that the Intrusion Alert entry for port A3 has changed to No That is your evid
200. py tftp the requested file The file may not be in the expected directory the filename may be misspelled in the command or the file permissions may be wrong Cannot bind reserved TCP port lt port number gt The ip ssh port command has attempted to configure a reserved TCP port Use the default or select another port number See Note on Port Number on page 4 17 Client public key file corrupt or not found Use copy tftp pub key file lt ip addr gt lt filename gt to download new file The client key does not exist in the switch Use copy tftp to download the key from a TFTP server Download failed file overlength key in key Download failed too many keys in key file Download failed one or more keys is not a valid public key The public key file you are trying to download has one of the following problems e Akey in the file is too long The maximum key length is 1024 characters including spaces This could also mean that two or more keys are merged together instead of being separated by a lt CR gt lt LF gt There are more than ten public keys in the key file and switch total Delete some keys from the switch or file The switch does not detect duplicate keys e One or more keys in the file is corrupted or is not a valid rsa public key Refer to To Create a Client Public Key Text File on page 23 for information on client public key properties 4 27 Configuring Secure Shell S
201. r then S for Save to configure the IP Authorized Manager entry Figure 8 2 Example of How To Add an Authorized Manager Entry Continued Editing or Deleting an Authorized Manager Entry Go to the IP Manag ers List screen figure 8 1 highlight the desired entry and press E for Edit or D for Delete CLI Viewing and Configuring Authorized IP Managers Authorized IP Managers Commands Used in This Section Command Page show ip authorized managers below ip authorized managers 8 7 lt ip address gt 8 8 mask lt mask bits gt 8 8 lt operator manager gt Listing the Switch s Current Authorized IP Manager s Use the show ip authorized managers command to list IP stations authorized to access the switch For example HPswitch show ip authorized managers IP Managers Authorized Manager IP IP Mask Access Level 10 28 227 255 255 255 252 Manager 10 28 227 255 255 255 254 Manager 10 28 227 255 255 255 255 Manager 10 28 227 255 255 255 0 Operator Figure 8 3 Example of the Show IP Authorized M anager Display Using Authorized IP Managers Defining Authorized Management Stations The above example shows an Authorized IP Manager List that allows stations to access the switch as shown below IP Mask Authorized Station IP Address Access Mode 255 255 255 254 10 28 227 104 through 105 Manager 255 255 255 255 10 28 227 125 Manager 255 255 255 0 10 28 227 0 through 255 Operator Configur
202. r example placing a client public key into a Word for Windows text file and clicking on File Properties Statistics lets you view the number of characters in the file including spaces 3 Copy the client s public key into a text file filename txt For example you can use the Notepad editor included with the Microsoft Windows software If you want several clients to use client public key authentica tion copy a public key for each of these clients up to ten into the file Each key should be separated from the preceding key by a lt CR gt lt LF gt Copy the client public key file into a TFTP server accessible to the switch Copying a client public key into the switch requires the following One or more client generated public keys Refer to the documentation provided with your SSH client application A copy of each client public key up to ten stored in a single text file or individual on a TFTP server to which the switch has access Terminate all client public keys in the file except the last one with a lt CR gt lt LF gt 4 24 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Further Information on SSH Client Public Key Authentication Note on Public The actual content of a public key entry in a public key file is determined by Keys the SSH client application generating the key Although you can manually add or edit any comments the client application adds to the end of the key such as the smith fellow at the end of the k
203. r on the client computer if your client application allows or import a client key pair that you have generated using another SSH application b Copy the client public key into an ASCII file on a TFTP server accessible to the switch and download the client public key file to the switch The client public key file can hold up to 10 client keys This topic is covered under To Create a Client Public Key Text File on page 4 23 4 6 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Steps for Configuring and Using SSH for Switch and Client Authentication B Switch Preparation 1 Assign a login Operator and enable Manager password on the switch page 4 9 Generate a public private key pair on the switch page 4 10 You need to do this only once The key remains in the switch even if you reset the switch to its factory default configuration You can remove or replace this key pair if necessary Copy the switch s public key to the SSH clients you want to access the switch page 4 12 Enable SSH on the switch page 4 15 Configure the primary and secondary authentication methods you want the switch to use In all cases the switch will use its host public key to authenticate itself when initiating an SSH session with a client e SSH Login Operator options Option A Primary Local TACACS or RADIUS password Secondary Local password or none Option B Primary Client public key authentication login public key page 4
204. r sending reports to the RADIUS server e Accounting types exec page 3 17 network page 3 16 or system page 3 17 e Trigger for sending accounting reports to a RADIUS server At session start and stop or only at session stop 3 Optional Configure session blocking and interim updating options e Updating Periodically update the accounting data for sessions in progress e Suppress accounting Block the accounting session for any unknown user with no username access to the switch 3 18 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Configuring RADIUS Accounting 1 Configure the Switch To Access a RADIUS Server Before you configure the actual accounting parameters you should first configure the switch to use a RADIUS server This is the same as the process described on page 3 10 You need to repeat this step here only if you have not yet configured the switch to use a RADIUS server your server data has changed or you need to specify a non default UDP destination port for accounting requests Note that switch operation expects a RADIUS server to accomodate both authentication and accounting Syntax no radius server host lt ip address gt Adds a server to the RADIUS configuration or with no deletes a server from the configuration acct port lt port number gt Optional Changes the UDP destination port for accounting requests to the specified RADIUS server If you do not use this option the switch automatically assig
205. rent formats because your client may store it in either of these formats after learning the key If you wish to compare the switch key to the key as stored in your client s known hosts file note that the formatting and comments need not match For version 1 keys the three numeric values bit size exponent lt e gt and modulus lt n gt must match for PEM keys only the PEM encoded string itself must match Notes Zeroizing the switch s key automatically disables SSH sets ip ssh to no Thus if you zeroize the key and then generate a new key you must also re enable SSH with the ip ssh command before the switch can resume SSH operation 3 Providing the Switch s Public Key to Clients When an SSH client contacts the switch for the first time the client will challenge the connection unless you have already copied the key into the client s known host file Copying the switch s key in this way reduces the chance that an unauthorized device can pose as the switch to learn your access passwords The most secure way to acquire the switch s public key for Configuring Secure Shell SSH Configuring the Switch for SSH Operation distribution to clients is to use a direct serial connection between the switch and a management device laptop PC or UNIX workstation as described below The public key generated by the switch consists of three parts separated by one blank space each Bit size Exponent lt e gt Modulus lt n g
206. ress assignment Reset the switch to its factory default configuration Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Port Security Command Options and Operation Assigned Authorized Addresses If you manually assign a MAC address using port security lt port number gt address list lt mac addr gt and then execute write memory the assigned MAC address remains in memory until you do one of the following Delete it by using no port security lt port number gt mac address lt mac addr gt Download a configuration file that does not include the unwanted MAC address assignment m Reset the switch to its factory default configuration Displaying Current Port Security Settings The CLI uses the same command to provide two types of port security listings m All ports on the switch with their Learn Mode and alarm Action m Onlythespecified ports with their Learn Mode Address Limit alarm Action and Authorized Addresses Using the CLI To Display Port Security Settings Syntax show port security show port security e lt port number gt show port security e lt port number gt lt port number lt port number gt Without port parameters show port security displays Operating Control settings for all ports on a switch For example HPswitch config show port security Port Security Port Learn Mode Action Static Static Static Static Static Static Continuous Continuous Alarm Disable Port
207. ring the Switch for SSH Operation Syntax password lt manager operator all gt HPswitch config password all New password for Operator ee Please retype new password for Operator erenr New password for Manager Please retype new password for Manager HPswitch config Figure 4 6 Example of Configuring Local Passwords 2 Generating the Switch s Public and Private Key Pair You must generate a public and private host key pair on the switch The switch uses this key pair along with a dynamically generated session key pair to negotiate an encryption method and session with an SSH client trying to connect to the switch The host key pair is stored in the switch s flash memory and only the public key in this pair is readable The public key should be added to a known hosts file for example SHOME ssh known_hosts on UNIX systems on the SSH clients which should have access to the switch Some SSH client appli cations automatically add the switch s public key to a known hosts file Other SSH applications require you to manually create a known hosts file and place the switch s public key in the file Refer to the documentation for your SSH client application The session key pair mentioned above is not visible on the switch It is a temporary internally generated pair used for a particular switch client ses sion and then discarded 4 10 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Con
208. rized IP Managers feature described in the switch s Management and Configuration Guide To protect against unauthorized access to the serial port and the Clear button which removes local password protection keep physical access to the switch restricted to authorized per sonnel 5 Configuring the Switch for SSH Authentication Note that all methods in this section result in authentication of the switch s public key by an SSH client However only Option B below results in the switch also authenticating the client s public key Also for a more detailed discussion of the topics in this section refer to Further Information on SSH Client Public Key Authentication on page 4 22 Hewlett Packard recommends that you always assign a Manager Level enable password to the switch Without this level of protection any user with Telnet web or serial port access to the switch can change the switch s configuration Also if you configure only an Operator password entering the Operator password through telnet web ssh or serial port access enables full manager privileges See 1 Assigning a Local Login Operator and Enable Manager Password on page 4 9 Option A Configuring SSH Access for Password Only SSH Authentication When configured with this option the switch uses its pub lic key to authenticate itself to a client but uses only passwords for client authentication Syntax aaa authentication ssh login lt local taca
209. rs From the console Main Menu select 2 Switch Configuration 7 IP Authorized Managers sssssssssssssssssssss5s555 TELNET MANAGER MODE s S gt Switch Configuration IP Managers Authorized Manager IP IP Mask Access Level 413 28 227 161 255 255 255 252 Manager 13 28 227 104 255 255 255 254 Manager 13 28 227 166 255 255 255 0 Operator 13 28 227 125 255 255 255 255 Manager 1 Select Add to add an authorized manager a to the list Actions gt Back Add Edit Delete Help Return to previous screen Use up down arrow keys to change record selection left right arrow keys to change action selection and lt Enter gt to execute action Figure 8 1 Example of How To Add an Authorized Manager Entry Using Authorized IP Managers Defining Authorized Management Stations DSSS CONSOLE MANAGER MODE Switch Configuration TP Enter an Authorized Manager IP address here Authorized Manager IP ME 3 Use the default mask to allow access by one IP Mask 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 255 management device or edit the mask to allow Access Level Manager access by a block of management devices See ao Building IP Masks on page 8 9 4 Use the Space bar to select Manager or Operator Actions gt Cancel Edit Save Help access Enter the IP address Use arrow keys to change field selectD s 7 and lt Enter gt to go to Actions 5 Press Ente
210. rt Security MAC address PtP Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Remote Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Authorized IP Managers PtP Yes Yes Yes Yes No Remote Yes Yes Yes Yes No Protection for serial port access includes the local Manager Operator TACACS and RADIUS options direct connect or modem access There are two security areas to protect access to the switch management features and access to the network through the switch The above table shows the type of protection each switch security feature offers The Product Documentation CD ROM shipped with the switch includes a copy of this guide You can also download the latest copy from the HP Procurve website Refer to Getting Documentation From the Web below xiii Getting Started Command Syntax Conventions Command Syntax Conventions This guide uses the following conventions for command syntax and displays Syntax aaa port access authenticator lt port list gt control lt authorized auto unauthorized gt Vertical bars separate alternative mutually exclusive elements Square brackets indicate optional elements Braces lt gt enclose required elements Braces within square brackets lt gt indicate a required element within an optional choice Boldface indicates use of a CLI command part of a CLI command syntax or other displayed element in general text For example Use the copy tftp command to download the key from a TFT
211. rt list gt 6 15 control quiet period tx period supplicant timeout 6 15 server timeout max requests reauth period auth vid unauth vid initialize reauthenticate clear statistics aaa authentication port access 6 18 lt local eap radius chap radius gt no aaa port access authenticator active 6 14 no port security ethernet lt port list gt learn mode port access 6 31 802 1x Open VLAN Mode Commands 6 20 802 1x Supplicant Commands 6 33 802 1x Related Show Commands 6 37 RADIUS server configuration 6 19 6 14 Note Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Configuring Switch Ports as 802 1x Authenticators 1 Enable 802 1x Authentication on Selected Ports This task configures the individual ports you want to operate as 802 1x authenticators for point to point links to 802 1x aware clients or switches Actual 802 1x operation does not commence until you perform step 5 on page 6 12 to activate 802 1x authentication on the switch When you enable 802 1x authentication on a port the switch automatically disables LACP on that port However if the port is already operating in an LACP trunk you must remove the port from the trunk before you can configure it for 802 1x authen tication Syntax aaa port access authenticator lt port list gt Enables specified ports to operate as 802 1x authenti cators with current per port authenticator configura tion To activate configured 802 1x o
212. rt to operate as both a supplicant and an authenticator at the same time Enabling a Switch Port To Operate as a Supplicant You can configure one or more switch ports to operate as supplicants for point to point links to 802 1x aware ports on other switches You must configure a port as a supplicant before you can configure any supplicant related parameters Syntax no aaa port access supplicant ethernet lt port list gt Configures a port to operate as a supplicant using either the default supplicant parameters or any previously configured supplicant parameters whichever is the most recent The no form of the command disables supplicant operation on the specified ports 6 34 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Configuring Switch Ports To Operate As Supplicants for 802 1x Connections to Other Switches Configuring a Supplicant Switch Port Note that you must enable suppli cant operation on a port before you can change the supplicant configuration This means you must execute the supplicant command once without any other parameters then execute it again with a supplicant parameter you want to configure If the intended authenticator port uses RADIUS authentication then use the identity and secret options to configure the RADIUS expected username and password on the supplicant port If the intended authenticator port uses Local 802 1x authentication then use the identity and secret options to configure the authent
213. rver specific key string gt Optional Specifies an encryption key for use with the specified server This key must match the key used on the RADIUS server Use this option only if the specified server requires a different key than configured for the global encryption key radius server key lt global key string gt Specifies the global encryption key the switch uses for sessions with servers for which the switch does not have a server specic key This key is optional if all RADIUS server addresses configured in the switch include a server specific encryption key 4 Activate authentication on the switch Syntax aaa port access authenticator active Activates 802 1 port access on ports you have config ured as authenticators 5 Test both the authorized and unauthorized access to your system to ensure that the 802 1x authentication works properly on the ports you have configured for port access If you want to implement the optional port security feature on the switch you should first ensure that the ports you have configured as 802 1x authenticators operate as expected Then refer to Option For Authenticator Ports Configure Port Security To Allow Only 802 1x Devices on page 6 31 After you complete steps 1 and 2 the configured ports are enabled for 802 1x authentication without VLAN operation and you are ready to configure VLAN Operation 6 28 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x 802 1x Open
214. ry for Tacacs authentication instead of configuring Login Primary to Local authentication 2 13 TACACS Authentication Configuring TACACS on the Switch For example here is a set of access options and the corresponding commands to configure them Console Login Operator or Read Only Access Primary using TACACS server Secondary using Local HPswitch config aaa authentication console login tacacs local Console Login Oper Primary Secondary ator or Read Only Access Console Enable M anager or Read Write Access Primary using TACACS server Secondary using Local HPswitch config aaa authentication console enable tacacs local Console Login Oper Primary Secondary ator or Read Only Access Telnet Login Operator or Read Only Access Primary using TACACS server Secondary using Local HPswitch config aaa authentication Telnet login tacacs local Console Login Oper Primary Secondary ator or Read Only Access Telnet Enable M anager or Read Write Access Primary using TACACS server Secondary using Local HPswitch config aaa authentication telnet enable tacacs local Console Login Oper Primary Secondary ator or Read Only Access Deny Access and Close the Session After Failure of Two Consecutive Username Passw ord Pairs HPswitch config aaa authentication num attempts 2 Attempt Limit 2 14 Note TACACS Authentication Configuring TACACS on the Switch Configuring t
215. s e Ifthe primary method is tacacs the only secondary method is local e Ifthe primary method is local the default secondary method is none num attempts 3 1 10 In a given session specifies how many tries at entering the correct username password pair are allowed before access is denied and the session terminated As shown in the next table login and enable access is always available locally through a direct terminal connection to the switch s console port However for Telnet access you can configure TACACS to deny access if a TACACS server goes down or otherwise becomes unavailable to the switch TACACS Authentication Configuring TACACS on the Switch Table 2 2 Primary Secondary Authentication Table Access Method and Authentication Options Effect on Access Attempts Privilege Level Primary Secondary Console Login local none Local username password access only tacacs local If Tacacs server unavailable uses local username password access Console Enable local none Local username password access only tacacs local If Tacacs server unavailable uses local username password access Telnet Login local none Local username password access only tacacs local If Tacacs server unavailable uses local username password access tacacs none If Tacacs server unavailable denies access Telnet Enable local none Local username password access only tacacs local lf Tacacs server un
216. s Following authentication the port drops its temporary untagged membership in the Unauthorized Client VLAN and joins or rejoins one of the following as an untagged member 6 20 Caution Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x 802 1x Open VLAN Mode m Ist Priority The port joins a VLAN to which it has been assigned by a RADIUS server during authentication m 2nd Priority If RADIUS authentication does not include assigning a VLAN to the port then the switch assigns the port to the VLAN entered in the port s 802 1x configuration as an Authorized Client VLAN if configured 3rd Priority If the port does not have an Authorized Client VLAN configured but does have a static untagged VLAN membership in its configuration then the switch assigns the port to this VLAN If the port is not configured for any of the above then it must be a tagged member of at least one VLAN In this case if the client is capable of operating in a tagged VLAN then it can access that VLAN Otherwise the connection will fail If a port is a tagged member of a statically configured VLAN 802 1x Open VLAN mode does not prevent unauthenticated client access to such VLANs if the client is capable of operating in a tagged VLAN environment To avoid possible security breaches HP recommends that you not allow a tagged VLAN membership on a port configured for 802 1x Open VLAN mode unless you use the tagged VLAN as the Unauthorized Client VLAN
217. s access to this VLAN Refer to the Caution on page page 6 21 6 22 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x 802 1x Open VLAN Mode 802 1x Per Port Configuration Port Response Open VLAN Mode with Only an Unauthorized Client VLAN Configured e When the port detects a client it automatically becomes an untagged member of this VLAN To limit security risks the network services and access available on this VLAN should include only whata clientneeds to enable an authentication session Ifthe port is statically configured as an untagged member of another VLAN the switch temporarily removes the port from membership in this other VLAN while membership in the Unauthorized Client VLAN exists e After the client is authenticated and if the port is statically configured as an untagged member of another VLAN the port s access to this other VLAN is restored e Ifthe portis statically configured as a tagged member of a VLAN that is not used by 802 1x Open VLAN mode an unauthenticated client capable of operating in tagged VLANs can access this VLAN Refer to the Caution on page page 6 21 Note If RADIUS authentication assigns a VLAN to the port this assignment overrides any statically configured untagged VLAN membership on the port while the client is connected Open VLAN Mode with Only an Authorized Client VLAN Configured e Port automatically blocks a client that cannot initiate an authentication session e Ifthe
218. s managed by the TACACS server and to specify the privilege level to allow if access is granted This release does not support TACACS authorization or accounting services In release G 05 xx TACACS does not affect web browser interface access See Controlling Web Browser Interface Access on page 2 24 2 3 TACACS Authentication Terminology Used in TACACS Applications Terminology Used in TACACS Applications NAS Network Access Server This is an industry term for a TACACS aware device that communicates with a TACACS server for authentication services Some other terms you may see in literature describing TACACS operation are communication server remote access server or terminal server These terms apply to a Series 4100GL switches when TACACS is enabled on the switch that is when the switch is TACACS aware TACACS Server The server or management station configured as an access control server for TACACS enabled devices To use TACACS with the Series 4100GL switches and any other TACACS capable devices in your network you must purchase install and configure a TACACS server application on a networked server or management station in the network The TACACS server application you install will provide various options for access control and access notifications For more on the TACACS services available to you see the documentation provided with the TACACS server applica tion you will use Authentication The
219. se if authentication through a TACACS server fails for any reason then unauthorized access will be available through the console port or Telnet Using a terminal device connected to the switch s console port configure the switch for TACACS authentication only for telnet login access and telnet enable access At this stage do not configure TACACS authenti cation for console access to the switch as you may need to use the console for access if the configuration for the Telnet method needs debugging Ensure that the switch is configured to operate on your network and can communicate with your first choice TACACS server At a minimum this requires IP addressing and a successful ping test from the switch to the server On a remote terminal device use Telnet to attempt to access the switch If the attempt fails use the console access to check the TACACS configuration on the switch If you make changes in the switch configu ration check Telnet access again If Telnet access still fails check the configuration in your TACACS server application for mis configura tions or missing data that could affect the server s interoperation with the switch After your testing shows that Telnet access using the TACACS server is working properly configure your TACACS server application for console access Then test the console access If access problems occur check for and correct any problems in the switch configuration and then test con
220. se that you wanted the switch to m Send updates every 10 minutes on in progress accounting sessions Block accounting for unknown users no username HPswitch config aaa accounting update periodic 10 HPswitch config aaa accounting suppress null username HPswitch confiq show accounting Status and Counters Accounting Information Interval min 10 lt _ Update Period Suppress Empty User Yes ae Suppress Unknown User Method Mode Network None Exec Radius Start Stop System Radius Stop Only Figure 3 9 Example of Optional Accounting Update Period and Accounting Suppression on Unknown User 3 22 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Viewing RADIUS Statistics Viewing RADIUS Statistics General RADIUS Statistics Syntax show radius host lt ip addr gt Shows general RADIUS configuration including the server IP addresses Optional form shows data for a specific RADIUS host To use show radius the server s IP address must be configured in the switch which requires prior use of the radius server host command See Configuring RADIUS Accounting on page 3 16 HPswitch config show radius Status and Counters General RADIUS Information Deadtime min 5 Timeout secs 10 Retransmit Attempts 2 Global Encryption Key mygl0balkey Auth Acct Server IP Addr Port Port Encryption Key 192 33 12 65 1812 1813 my65key Figure 3 10
221. se this command HPswitch config tacacs server host 10 28 227 104 Note The show tacacs command lists the global encryption key if configured However to view any configured per server encryption keys you must use show config or show config running if you have made TACACS configuration changes without executing write mem Configuring the Timeout Period The timeout period specifies how long the switch waits for a response to an authentication request from a TACACS server before either sending a new request to the next server in the switch s Server IP Address list or using the local authentication option For example to change the timeout period from 5 seconds the default to 3 seconds HPswitch config tacacs server timeout 3 How Authentication Operates General Authentication Process Using a TACACS Server Authentication through a TACACS server operates generally as described below For specific operating details refer to the documentation you received with your TACACS server application z Terminal A Directly Accessing This First Choice s DAA TACACS Server 72 Switch Via Switch s Console Port HP Switch A Configured for TACACS Operation Second Choice TACACS Server Optional Terminal B Remotely Accessing HP Switch Configure This Switch Via Telnet Third Choice for TACACS Operation TACACS Server B Optional
222. set of the client public key authentication show in figure 4 1 It occurs ifthe switch has SSH enabled but does not have login access login public key configured to authenticate the client s key As in figure 4 1 the switch authenticates itself to SSH clients Users on SSH clients then authenticate themselves to the switch login and or enable levels by providing passwords stored locally on the switch or on a TACACS or RADIUS server However the client does not use a key to authenticate itself to the switch patsy Sethi Boas Ph ea SSH HP m 1 Switch to Client SSH Client i En T G REAP AR Work Switch Z User to Switch togin password afd Station e enable password authentication SSH options i Server Local TACACS RADIUS l L Figure 4 2 Switch User Authentication SSH on the Series 4100GL switches supports these data encryption methods m 3DES 168 bit m DES 56 bit Note ProCurve Series 4100GL switches use RSA keys for internally generated keys v1 v2 shared host key amp v1 server key The switch supports both RSA and DSA DSS keys for client all references to either a public or private key mean keys generated using these algorithms unless otherwise noted Terminology m SSH Server An HP switch with SSH enabled m Key Pair A pair of keys generated by the switch or an SSH client application Each pair includes a public key that can be read by any
223. so the switch does not attempt TACACS authentication for a management station that the Authorized IP Manager list excludes because independent of TACACS the switch already denies access to such stations 2 25 TACACS Authentication Operating Notes m When TACACS is not enabled on the switch or when the switch s only designated TACACS servers are not accessible setting a local Operator password without also setting a local Manager password does not protect the switch from manager level access by unautho rized persons 2 26 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Contents Overview oo oi goede eed iaa sh arta AOE oe Ria ot Mi ace Spee ee Goes 3 2 PerminGlogy i004 eee hee ee aid Bie He ied Meh Mia 3 3 Switch Operating Rules for RADIUS 45 3 4 General RADIUS Setup Procedure 0 0 0 cece eee 3 5 Configuring the Switch for RADIUS Authentication 3 6 Outline of the Steps for Configuring RADIUS Authentication 3 6 1 Configure Authentication for the Access Methods You Want RADIUS To Protect a n E E eee 3 8 2 Configure the Switch To Access a RADIUS Server 3 10 3 Configure the Switch s Global RADIUS Parameters 3 12 Local Authentication Process 00 00 e cee ee eee 3 14 Controlling Web Browser Interface Access When Using RADIUS Authentication 0 00 00 0 e een n nn eenee 3 15 Configuring RADIUS Accou
224. sole access again If problems persist check your TACACS server application for mis configurations or missing data that could affect the console access When you are confident that TACACS access through both Telnet and the switch s console operates properly use the write memory command to save the switch s running config file to flash 2 8 TACACS Authentication Configuring TACACS on the Switch Configuring TACACS on the Switch Before You Begin If you are new to TACACS authentication HP recommends that you read the General Authentication Setup Procedure on page 2 6 and configure your TACACS server s before configuring authentication on the switch The switch offers three command areas for TACACS operation m show authentication and show tacacs Displays the switch s TACACS configuration and status m aaa authentication A command for configuring the switch s authenti cation methods m tacacs server A command for configuring the switch s contact with TACACS servers CLI Commands Described in this Section Command Page show authentication 2 10 show tacacs 2 10 aaa authentication pages 2 11 through 2 14 console Telnet num attempts lt 1 10 gt tacacs server pages 2 15 host lt ip addr gt pages 2 15 key 2 19 timeout lt 1 255 gt 2 20 2 9 TACACS Authentication Configuring TACACS on the Switch Viewing the Switch s Current Authentication Configuration
225. ssion counters displays the config statistics session counters data for the specified port s Does not display data for a specified port that is not enabled as an authenticator For descriptions of config statistics session counters refer to the next section of this table Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x Displaying 802 1x Configuration Statistics and Counters show port access authenticator Syntax Continued config e lt port list gt Shows e Whether port access authenticator is active e The 802 1x configuration of the ports configured as 802 1x authenticators If you do not specify lt port list gt the command lists all ports configured as 802 1x port access authenticators Does not display data for a specified port that is not enabled as an authenticator statistics e lt port list gt Shows e Whether port access authenticator is active e The statistics of the ports configured as 802 1x authenticators including the supplicant s MAC address as determined by the content of the last EAPOL frame received on the port Does not display data for a specified port that is not enabled as an authenticator session counters e lt port list gt Shows e Whether port access authenticator is active e The session status on the specified ports configured as 802 1x authenticators Also for each port the User column lists the user name the supplicant included i
226. st generate the switch s host certificate and key If you have not already done so refer to 2 Generating the Switch s Server Host Certificate on page 5 9 When configured for SSL the switch uses its host certificate to authenticate itself to SSL clients however unless you disable the standard HP web browser interface with the no web management command it will be still available for unsecured transactions SSL Client Contact Behavior At the first contact between the switch and an SSL client if you have not copied the switch s host certificate into the browser s certificate folder your browser s first connection to the switch will question the connection and for security reasons give you the option of accepting or refusing If a CA signed certificate is used on the switch for which a root certificate exists on the client browser side then the browser will NOT prompt the user to ensure the validity of the certificate The browser will be able to verify the certificate chain of the switch server certificate up to the root certificate installed in the browser thus authenticating the switch unequivocally As long as you are confident that an unauthorized device is not using the switch s IP address in an attempt to gain access to your data or network you can accept the connection When an SSL client connects to the switch for the first time it is possible for a man in the middle attack that is for an unauthorized device
227. switch s public key Displays the version 1 and version 2 views of the key babble Displays hashes of the switch s public key in phonetic format See Displaying the Public Key on page 4 14 fingerprint Displays fingerprints of the switch s public key in hexadecimal format See Displaying the Pub lic Key on page 4 14 4 11 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Configuring the Switch for SSH Operation For example to generate and display a new key HPSwitch config crypto key generate ssh rsa Host Public Installing new R5A key If the key entropy cache is Key for the depleted this could take up to a minute Switch HPSwitch config show crypto host public key SSH host public key file Version 1 format 896 35 3219295003103011452137203169501232714847265325085720757925409572738582167 49173126937413223781326827636154399173519641900117298772018339016754333892248319 4175912518655771023373168907080185383880718460531164552600040416069890120011153561 9449254242176260739141950918771764467 Version 1 and Version 2 views Version 2 format of same host public key ssh rsa AAAABSNzallyc2EAAAABIWAAAHEAnAAADdH G1 3Iynrs7j41DUmbiv msld2mZUSe 2Zp T6 QzP2RsDDMZLbAHHIBrxPLjiW bRogpYDOlLWuVOhTojJEV qe uxbwmdDnyOgBbcObolePwdrbQ FZevERiA JYGSCENCZCRD djXel7FuRpsdw Figure 4 7 Example of Generating a Public Private Host Key Pair for the Switch The show crypto host public key displays it in two diffe
228. t 896 35 427199470766077426366625060579924214851527933248752021855126493 2934075407047828604329304580321402733049991670046707698543529734853020 0176777055355544556880992231580238056056245444224389955500310200336191 3610469786020092436232649374294060627777506601747146563337525446401 Figure 4 8 Example of a Public Key Generated by the Switch The generated public key on the switch is always 896 bits With a direct serial connection from a management station to the switch 1 Use a terminal application such as HyperTerminal to display the switch s public key with the show crypto host public key command figure 4 7 2 Bring up the SSH client s known host file in a text editor such as Notepad as straight ASCII text and copy the switch s public key into the file 3 Ensure that there are no changes in breaks in the text string A public key must be an unbroken ASCII string Line breaks are not allowed Changes in the line breaks will corrupt the Key For example if you are using Windows Notepad ensure that Word Wrap in the Edit menu is disabled and that the key text appears on a single line 2 Notepad Of x File Edit Search Help 896 35 42719947 0766 077426366625 66 057992421485 1527933248752 6218551264932934675467 6478286 04329 4 DZ Figure 4 9 Example of a Correctly Formatted Public Key 4 13 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Configuring the Switch for SSH Operation 4 Addany data required by
229. t als ee aie aunts mueter anata 8 3 Defining Authorized Management Stations 8 4 Overview of IP Mask Operation 0 0 0 e eee eee eee 8 4 Menu Viewing and Configuring IP Authorized Managers 8 5 CLI Viewing and Configuring Authorized IP Managers 8 6 Listing the Switch s Current Authorized IP Manager s 8 6 Configuring IP Authorized Managers for the Switch 8 7 Web Configuring IP Authorized Managers 8 8 Building IP Masks 0 ccc ccc eect eens 8 9 Configuring One Station Per Authorized Manager IP Entry 8 9 Configuring Multiple Stations Per Authorized Manager IP Entry 8 10 Additional Examples for Authorizing Multiple Stations 8 12 Operating Notes soso sees oe oe Ew SEA a EA ee PRG ae Ral vee aes 8 12 Getting Started Contents Introduction 5 js28 exes se ea Se ee eee xii Overview of Access Security Features 000005 xii Command Syntax Conventions 00 c cece cece xiv Simulating Display Output 0 0 ccc eee xiv Command Prompts 0 0 cece eee e een ene eeee xiv Screen Simulations 0 000 cece e nTn XV Related Publications 00 cece cee xv Getting Documentation From the Web 4 xvii Sources for More Information 2 0 0020 ee xviii Need Only a Quick Start 000 xix To
230. t in order to add the device even if you want to replace one device with another Using the CLI you can simultaneously increase the limit and add the MAC address with a single command For example suppose port Al allows one authorized device and already has a device listed HPswitch config show port security al Port Security Port Al Learn Mode Continuous Static Address Limit 1 1 Action None None Authorized Addresses OcOO90 123456 Figure 7 6 Example of Port Security on Port A1 with an Address Limit of 1 To add asecond authorized device to port Al execute a port security command for for port A1 that raises the address limit to 2 and specifies the additional device s MAC address For example HPswitch config port security al mac address 0c0090 456456 address limit 2 Removing a Device From the Authorized List for a Port This command option removes unwanted devices MAC addresses from the Authorized Addresses list An Authorized Address list is available for each port for which Learn Mode is currently set to Static See the MAC Address entry in the table on page 7 7 When learn mode is set to static the Address Limit address limit parameter controls how many devices are allowed in the Authorized Addresses mac address for a given port If you remove a MAC address from the Authorized Addresses list without also reducing the Address Limit by 1 the port may subsequently detect and
231. t port continues to show data received from the connection to the most recent authenticator device until one of the following occurs m The supplicant port detects a different authenticator device m You use the aaa port access supplicant e lt port list gt clear statistics command to clear the statistics for the supplicant port m The switch reboots Thus if the supplicant s link to the authenticator fails the supplicant retains the transaction statistics it most recently received until one of the above events occurs Also if you move a link with an authenticator from one 6 42 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x How RADIUS 802 1x Authentication Affects VLAN Operation supplicant port to another without clearing the statistics data from the first port the authenticator s MAC address will appear in the supplicant statistics for both ports How RADIUS 802 1x Authentication Affects VLAN Operation RADIUS authentication for an 802 1x client on a given port can include a static VLAN requirement Refer to the documentation provided with your RADIUS application Static VLAN Requirement The static VLAN to which a RADIUS server assigns a client must already exist on the switch If it does not exist or is a dynamic VLAN created by GVRP authentication fails Also for the session to proceed the port must be an untagged member of the required VLAN If it is not the switch temporarily reassigns the port as
232. t the requesting terminal must initiate a new session before trying again Controlling Web Browser Interface Access When Using RADIUS Authentication Configuring the switch for RADIUS authentication does not affect web browser interface access To prevent unauthorized access through the web browser interface do one or more of the following Configure local authentication a Manager user name and password and optionally an Operator user name and password on the switch Configure the switch s Authorized IP Manager feature to allow web browser access only from authorized management stations The Authorized IP Manager feature does not interfere with TACACS operation m Disable web browser access to the switch 3 15 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Configuring RADIUS Accounting Note Configuring RADIUS Accounting RADIUS Accounting Commands Page no radius server host lt ip address gt 3 19 acct port lt port number gt 3 19 key lt key string gt 3 19 no aaa accounting lt exec network system gt 3 21 lt start stop stop only gt radius no aaa accounting update 3 22 periodic lt 1 525600 gt in minutes no aaa accounting suppress null username 3 22 show accounting 3 26 show accounting sessions 3 27 show radius accounting 3 26 This section assumes you have already Configured RADIUS authentication on the switch for one or more access methods m Configured on
233. table version hp procurve switches amp hubs technical support manuals gt printable version choose a product HP Procurve Routing Switches and Modules gt HP Precurve Routing Switch 9308M 93C4M and 6308M SX HP Procurve Switches and Modules HP Precurve Switch 4108SL HP Precurve Switch 8000M 4000M 2424M 2400M and 1600M HP Precurve Switch 2312 2324 2 12 and 2524 PHP Precurve Switch 212M and 224M HP Precurve Switch 2224 gt HP Precurve Switch 2124 HP Precurve Switch 406 HP Precurve Switch 6208M S HP Procurve Hubs and Modules gt HP Precurve 10 100 Hub 12 12M 24 and 24M gt HP Precurve 10Base T Hub 12 12M 24 and 24M HP Precurve 10Base T Hub 8 Getting Started Sources for More Information Sources for More Information If you need information on specific parameters in the menu interface refer to the online help provided in the interface CONSOLE MANAGER MODE Switch Configuration Internet IP Service Default Gateway 10 35 204 1 Default TTL 64 Online Help IP Config DHCP Bootp Manual for Menu IP Address 10 35 204 104 Subnet Mask 255 255 240 0 Actions gt Cancel Edit save Display help information Use arrow keys to change action selection and lt Enter gt to execute action Ifyou need information on a specific command in the CLI type the command name followed by help For example HPswitch write help Usage write lt memory terminal gt D
234. tch login authentication automatically occurs first using the switch and client public keys After the client gains login access the switch controls client access to the manager level by requiring the passwords configured earlier by the aaa authentication ssh enable command Syntax copy tftp pub key file lt ip address gt lt filename gt Copies a public key file into the switch aaa authentication ssh login public key Configures the switch to authenticate a client public key at the login level with an optional secondary pass word method default none To allow SSH access only to clients having the correct public key you must configure the secondary password method for login public key to none Otherwise a client without the correct public key can still gain entry by submitting a correct local login password 4 19 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Configuring the Switch for SSH Operation Syntax aaa authentication ssh enable lt local tacacs radius gt lt local none gt Configures a password method for the primary and secondary enable Manager access If you do not spec ify an optional secondary method it defaults to none For example assume that you have a client public key file named Client Keys pub on a TFTP server at 10 33 18 117 ready for downloading to the switch For SSH access to the switch you want to allow only clients having a private key that matches a public key found in Client Keys pub
235. tch for RADIUS Authentication For example suppose you have configured the switch as shown in figure 3 3 and you now need to make the following changes 1 Change the encryption key for the server at 10 33 18 127 to source0127 2 Adda RADIUS server with an IP address of 10 33 18 119 and a server specific encryption key of source0119 HPswitch show radius Status and Counters General RADIUS Information Deadtime min O Timeout secs 5 Retransmit Attempts 5 Global Encryption Key Auth Acct Server IP Addr Port Port Encryption Key 10 33 18 127 1612 1613 TempKeyO01 Figure 3 3 Sample Configuration for RADIUS Server Before Changing the Key and Adding Another Server To make the changes listed prior to figure 3 3 you would do the following HPswitch config radius server host 10 33 18 127 key source0127 lt ___ Changes the key for the existing HPswitch config radius server host 10 33 18 119 key source0119 server to aa a source0127 step HPswitch config show radius Status and Counters General RADIUS Information Deadtime imin O Timeout secs 5 Retransmit Attempts Global Encryption Key Adds the new RADIUS server with its required source0119 key Lists the switch s new RADIUS server configuration Compare this with Server IP Addr Encryption Key 10 33 18 127 source0iz 7 10 33 18 119 sourceOiig L a at Figure 3 4 Sample Configuration for RADIU
236. ter the supplicant port sends the configured number of start request packets it does not receive aresponse it assumes that switch B is not 802 1x aware and transitions to the authenticated state If switch B is operating properly and is not 802 1x aware then the link should begin functioning normally but without 802 1x security e If after sending one or more start request packets port Al receives a request packet from port B5 then switch B is operating as an 802 1x authenticator The supplicant port then sends a response ID packet If switch B is configured for RADIUS authentication it forwards this request to a RADIUS server If switch B is configured for Local 802 1x authentication page 6 18 the authenticator com pares the switch A response to its local username and password 2 The RADIUS server then responds with an access challenge that switch B forwards to port Al on switch A 3 Port Al replies with a hash response based on its unique credentials Switch B forwards this response to the RADIUS server 4 The RADIUS server then analyzes the response and sends either a suc cess or failure packet back through switch B to port Al e A success response unblocks port B5 to normal traffic from port A1 e A failure response continues the block on port B5 and causes port A1 to wait for the held time period before trying again to achieve authentication through port B5 You can configure a switch po
237. that port will appear in the Log until you acknowledge the earlier intrusion event by reset ting the alert flag The Intrusion Log lists the 20 most recently detected security violation attempts regardless of whether the alert flags for these attempts have been reset This gives you a history of past intrusion attempts Thus for example if there is an intrusion alert for port Al and the Intrusion Log shows two or more entries for port 1 only the most recent entry has not been acknowledged by resetting the alert flag The other entries give you a history of past intrusions detected on port Al Status and Counters Intrusion Log Port MAC Address Date Time O80009 e93d4t 03 07 02 21 09 34 080009 e93d4 f 03 07 02 10 18 43 Figure 7 9 Example of M ultiple Intrusion Log Entries for the Same Port 7 16 Note on Send Disable Operation Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Reading Intrusion Alerts and Resetting Alert Flags The log shows the most recent intrusion at the top of the listing You cannot delete Intrusion Log entries unless you reset the switch to its factory default configuration Instead if the log is filled when the switch detects a new intrusion the oldest entry is dropped off the listing and the newest entry appears at the top of the listing Keeping the Intrusion Log Current by Resetting Alert Flags When a violation occurs on a port an alert flag is set for that port and the violation is entered
238. the row for port B3 indicates there is no Open in the Status column Authorized VLAN configured for port B3 Authorized in the Authenticator State column 5 No PVID means there is currently no untagged Items 1 through 3 indicate that an authenticated client is The Auth VLAN ID 101 is also in the Current VLAN ID VLANI memeras nip On por Ei column This assumes that the port is not a statically configured member of VLAN 101 Figure 6 5 Example Show ing Ports Configured for Open VLAN M ode Thus in the show port access authenticator output m When the Auth VLAN ID is configured and matches the Current VLAN ID in the above command output an authenticated client is connected to the port This assumes the port is not a statically configured member of the VLAN you are using for Auth VLAN m When the Unauth VLAN ID is configured and matches the Current VLAN ID in the above command output an unauthenticated client is connected to the port This assumes the port is not a statically configured member of the VLAN you are using for Unauth VLAN Note that because a temporary Open VLAN port assignment to either an authorized or unauthorized VLAN is an untagged VLAN membership these assignments temporarily replace any other untagged VLAN membership that is statically configured on the port For example if port A12 is statically configured as an untagged member of VLAN 1 but is configured to use VLAN 6 39 Configuring Port
239. the switch continues to assume the server is available to receive accounting data Thus if server access fails during a session it will not receive accounting data transmitted from the switch Steps for Configuring RADIUS Accounting 1 Configure the switch for accessing a RADIUS server You can configure a list of up to three RADIUS servers one primary two backup The switch operates on the assumption that a server can operate in both accounting and authentication mode Refer to the documentation for your RADIUS server application e Use the same radius server host command that you would use to configure RADIUS authentication Refer to 2 Configure the Switch To Access a RADIUS Server on page 3 10 e Provide the following A RADIUS server IP address Optional a UDP destination port for authentication requests Otherwise the switch assigns the default UDP port 1812 recom mended Optional if you are also configuring the switch for RADIUS authentication and need a unique encryption key for use during authentication sessions with the RADIUS server you are desig nating configure a server specific key This key overrides the global encryption key you can also configure on the switch and must match the encryption key used on the specified RADIUS server For more information refer to the key lt key string gt parameter on page 3 10 Default null 2 Configure accounting types and the controls fo
240. the switch from an SSH client by employing the local username password TACACS or RADIUS features Refer to 5 Configuring the Switch for SSH Authentication on page 4 18 If you enable client public key authentication the following events occur when a client tries to access the switch using SSH 1 The client sends its public key to the switch with a request for authenti cation 2 The switch compares the client s public key to those stored in the switch s client public key file As a prerequisite you must use the switch s copy tftp command to download this file to flash 4 22 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Further Information on SSH Client Public Key Authentication 3 Ifthere is not a match and you have not configured the switch to accept alogin password as asecondary authentication method the switch denies SSH access to the client 4 Ifthere is a match the switch a Generates a random sequence of bytes b Uses the client s public key to encrypt this sequence c Send these encrypted bytes to the client 5 The client uses its private key to decrypt the byte sequence 6 The client then a Combines the decrypted byte sequence with specific session data b Uses asecure hash algorithm to create a hash version of this informa tion c Returns the hash version to the switch 7 The switch computes its own hash version of the data in step 6 and compares it to the client s hash version If they
241. to pose undetected as the switch and learn the usernames and passwords controlling access to the switch When using self signed certificates with the switch there is a possibility for a man in the middle attack when connecting for the first time that is an unauthorized device could pose undetected as a switch and learn the usernames and passwords controlling access to the switch Use caution when connecting for the first time to a switch using self signed certificates Before accepting the certificate closely verify the contents of the certificate see browser documentation for additional information on viewing contents of certificate The security concern described above does not exist when using CA signed certificates that have been generated by certificate authorities that the web browser already trusts 5 18 Configuring Secure Socket Layer SSL Configuring the Switch for SSL Operation Using the CLI interface to enable SSL Syntax no web management ssl Enables or disables SSL on the switch port lt 1 65535 default 443 gt The TCP port number for SSL connections default 443 Important See Note on Port Number on page 5 20 show config Shows status of the SSL server When enabled web management ssl will be present in the config list To enable SSL on the switch 1 Generate a Host certificate if you have not already done so Refer to 2 Generating the Switch s Server Host Certificate on page
242. to use the local password as a secondary method or to disallow access aaa authentication num attempts lt 1 10 gt Specifies the maximum number of login attempts allowed in the current session Default 3 2 11 TACACS Authentication Configuring TACACS on the Switch Table 2 1 AAA Authentication Parameters Name Default Range Function console n a n a Specifies whether the command is configuring authentication for the console port 0r or Telnet access method for the switch telnet enable n a n a Specifies the privilege level for the access method being configured 0r login Operator read only privileges login enable Manager read write privileges local local n a Specifies the primary method of authentication for the access method being 0r configured tacacs local Use the username password pair configured locally in the switch for the privilege level being configured tacacs Use a TACACS server local none n a Specifies the secondary backup type of authentication being configured 0r local The username password pair configured locally in the switch for the none privilege level being configured none No secondary type of authentication for the specified method privilege path Available only if the primary method of authentication for the access being configured is local Note If you do not specify this parameter in the command line the switch automatically assigns the secondary method as follow
243. trol 802 1x Configuring Switch Ports To Operate As Supplicants for 802 1x Connections to Other Switches aaa port access supplicant ethernet lt port list gt Syntax Continued auth timeout lt 1 300 gt Sets the period of time the port waits to receive a challenge from the authenticator If the request times out the port sends another authentication request up to the number of attempts specified by the max start parameter Default 30 seconds max start lt 1 10 gt Defines the maximum number of times the supplicant port requests authentication See step 1 on page 6 34 for a description of how the port reacts to the authen ticator response Default 3 held period lt 0 65535 gt Sets the time period the supplicant port waits after an active 802 1x session fails before trying to re acquire the authenticator port Default 60 seconds start period lt 1 300 gt Sets the time period between Start packet retrans mis sions That is after a supplicant sends a start packet it waits duirng the start period for a response If no response comes during the start period the supplicant sends a new start packet The max start setting above specifies how many start attempts are allowed in the session Default 30 seconds aaa port access supplicant ethernet lt port list gt initialize On the specified ports blocks inbound and outbound traffic and restarts the 802 1x authent
244. trusion Alerts and Alert Flags n a page 7 21 page 7 19 page 7 22 Using Port Security you can configure each switch port with a unique list of the MAC addresses of devices that are authorized to access the network through that port This enables individual ports to detect prevent and log attempts by unauthorized devices to communicate through the switch This feature does not prevent intruders from receiving broadcast and multi cast traffic Basic Operation Default Port Security Operation The default port security setting for each port is off or continuous That is any device can access a port without causing a security reaction Intruder Protection A port that detects an intruder blocks the intruding device from transmitting to the network through that port 7 2 Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Basic Operation General Operation for Port Security On a per port basis you can configure security measures to block unauthorized devices and to send notice of security violations Once you have configured port security you can then monitor the network for security violations through one or more of the following m Alert flags that are captured by network management tools such as HP TopTools for Hubs amp Switches m Alert Log entries in the switch s web browser interface m Event Log entries in the console interface Intrusion Log entries in either the menu interface CLI or web browser interface
245. trusion alarms to an SNMP management station and to 2 option ally disable the port on which the intrusion was detected d How do you want to learn of the security violation attempts the switch detects You can use one or more of these methods Through network management That is do you want an SNMP trap sent to a net management station when a port detects a security violation attempt Through the switch s Intrusion Log available through the CLI menu and web browser interface Through the Event Log in the menu interface or through the CLI show log command 2 Usethe CLI or web browser interface to configure port security operating and address controls The following table describes the parameters 7 5 Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Port Security Command Options and Operation Port Security Command Options and Operation Port Security Commands Used in This Section show port security 7 9 port security 7 10 lt ethernet port list gt 7 10 learn mode 7 10 address limit 7 10 mac address 7 10 action 7 10 clear intrusion flag 7 10 no port security 7 10 This section describes the CLI port security command and how the switch acquires and maintains authorized addresses Note Use the global configuration level to execute port security configuration commands 7 6 Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Port Security Command Options and Operation Table 7 1 Port
246. tton If there is a Security Violation entry do the following Click on the Security tab b Click on Intrusion Log Ports with Intrusion Flag indicates any ports for which the alert flag has not been cleared c To clear the current alert flags click on Reset Alert Flags To access the web based Help provided for the switch click on in the web browser screen Operating Notes for Port Security Identifying the IP Address of an Intruder The Intrusion Log lists detected intruders by MAC address If you are using HP TopTools for Hubs amp Switches to manage your network you can use the TopTools inventory reports to link MAC addresses to their corresponding IP addresses Inventory reports are organized by device type hubs switches servers etc Proxy Web Servers If you are using the switch s web browser interface through a switch port configured for Static port security and your browser access is through a proxy web server then it is necessary to do the following m Enter your PC or workstation MAC address in the port s Authorized Addresses list Enter your PC or workstation s IP address in the switch s IP Autho rized Managers list See Using Authorized IP Managers in the Management and Configuration Guide for your switch 7 22 Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Operating Notes for Port Security Without both of the above configured the switch detects only the proxy server s
247. u can configure the switch for up to three RADIUS servers If you need to replace the default UDP destination port 1812 the switch uses for authentication requests to a specific RADIUS server select it before beginning the configuration process If you need to replace the default UDP destination port 1813 the switch uses for accounting requests to a specific Radius server select it before beginning the configuration process Determine whether you can use one global encryption key for all RADIUS servers or if unique keys will be required for specific servers With multiple RADIUS servers if one key applies to two or more of these servers then you can configure this key as the global encryption key For any server whose key differs from the global key you are using you must configure that key in the same command that you use to designate that server s IP address to the switch Determine an acceptable timeout period for the switch to wait for a server to respond to a request HP recommends that you begin with the default five seconds Determine how many times you want the switch to try contacting a RADIUS server before trying another RADIUS server or quitting This depends on how many RADIUS servers you have configured the switch to access Determine whether you want to bypass a RADIUS server that fails to respond to requests for service To shorten authentication time you can set a bypass period in the range of 1 to 1
248. unting 3 18 1 Configure the Switch To Access a RADIUS Server 3 19 2 Configure Accounting Types and the Controls for Sending Reports to the RADIUS Server 3 20 3 Optional Configure Session Blocking and Interim Updating Options 0202 eee 3 22 Viewing RADIUS Statistics 0 0 0 ccc eens 3 23 General RADIUS Statistics 0 0 0 0 0 0 3 23 RADIUS Authentication Statistics 0 0 0000s 3 25 RADIUS Accounting Statistics 0 0 eee 3 26 Changing RADIUS Server Access Order 0655 3 27 Messages Related to RADIUS Operation 3 29 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Contents 5 25 65 ssuhendun gee geaty baud eh reaa iaaa aot Pelee 4 1 OVERVIEW sad eee ihc Ah EA Re Ald a eeu Pesce 2 4 2 Terminology nni seh eh ae cake eh ee ate eee 4 3 Prerequisite for Using SSH 0 0 0 ccc ene 4 4 Public Key Formats 0 0 ccc ccc eee ne nens 4 5 Steps for Configuring and Using SSH for Switch and Client Authentication 0000 0 eee eens 4 5 General Operating Rules and Notes 000055 4 8 Configuring the Switch for SSH Operation 4 9 1 Assigning a Local Login Operator and Enable Manager Password 2 e eee ee eee 4 9 2 Generating the Switch s Public and Private Key Pair 4 10 3 Providing the Switch s Public Key to Clients
249. ured in the corresponding TACACS server If the key is the same for all TACACS servers the switch will use for authentication then configure a global key in the switch If the key is different for one or more of these servers use Server specific keys in the switch If you configure both a global key and one or more per server keys the per server keys will override the global key for the specified servers TACACS Authentication Controlling Web Browser Interface Access When Using TACACS Authentication For example you would use the next command to configure a global encryp tion key in the switch to match a key entered as north40campus in two target TACACS servers That is both servers use the same key for your switch Note that you do not need the server IP addresses to configure a global key in the switch HPswitch config tacacs server key north40campus Suppose that you subsequently add a third TACACS server with an IP address of 10 28 227 87 that has southl0campus for an encryption key Because this key is different than the one used for the two servers in the previous example you will need to assign a server specific key in the switch that applies only to the designated server HPswitch config tacacs server host 10 28 227 87 key south10campus With both of the above keys configured in the switch the southl0campus key overrides the north40campus key only when the switch tries to access the TACACS server having
250. uring Port Based Access Control 802 1x on page 6 1 Determine how you want the switch to send accounting data to a RADIUS server 3 20 RADIUS Authentication and Accounting Configuring RADIUS Accounting m Start Stop e Send a start record accounting notice at the beginning of the account ing session and a stop record notice at the end of the session Both notices include the latest data the switch has collected for the requested accounting type Network Exec or System e Do not wait for an acknowledgement The system option page 3 20 ignores start stop because the switch sends the accumulated data only when there is a reboot reload or accounting on off event Stop Only e Send a stop record accounting notice at the end of the accounting session The notice includes the latest data the switch has collected for the requested accounting type Network Exec or System e Do not wait for an acknowledgment The system option page 3 20 always delivers stop only operation because the switch sends the accumulated data only when there is areboot reload or accounting on off event Syntax no aaa accounting lt exec network system gt lt start stop stop only gt radius Configures RADIUS accounting type and how data will be sent to the RADIUS server For example to configure RADIUS accounting on the switch with start stop for exec functions and stop only for system functions HPswitch config
251. ware You can use the optional 802 1x Open VLAN mode to open a path for downloading 802 1x supplicant software to a client which enables the client to initiate the authentication procedure Refer to 802 1x Open VLAN Mode on page 6 20 m Ifa port on switch A is configured as an 802 1x supplicant and is connected to a port on another switch B that is not 802 1x aware access to switch B will occur without 802 1x security protection m You can configure a port as both an 802 1x authenticator and an 802 1x supplicant Ifa port on switch A is configured as both an 802 1x authenticator and supplicant and is connected to a port on another switch B that is not 802 1x aware access to switch B will occur without 802 1x security protection but switch B will not be allowed access to switch A This means that traffic on this link between the two switches will flow from A to B but not the reverse 6 9 Configuring Port Based Access Control 802 1x General Operating Rules and Notes Ifaclient already has access to a switch port when you configure the port for 802 1x authenticator operation the port will block the client from further network access until it can be authenticated m Ona port configured for 802 1x with RADIUS authentication if the RADIUS server specifies a VLAN for the supplicant and the port is a trunk member the port will be blocked If the port is later removed from the trunk the port will
252. witch s IP address in an attempt to gain access to your data or network you can accept the connection As a more secure alternative you can directly connect the client to the switch s serial port and copy the switch s public key into the client See the following Note When an SSH client connects to the switch for the first time it is possible for a man in the middle attack that is for an unauthorized device to pose undetected as the switch and learn the usernames and passwords controlling access to the switch You can remove this possibility by directly connecting the management station to the switch s serial port using ashow command to display the switch s public key and copying the key from the display into a file This requires a knowledge of where your client stores public keys plus the knowledge of what key editing and file format might be required by your client application However if your first contact attempt between a client and the switch does not pose a security problem this is unnecessary To enable SSH on the switch 1 Generate a public private key pair if you have not already done so Refer to 2 Generating the Switch s Public and Private Key Pair on page 4 10 2 Execute the ip ssh command To disable SSH on the switch do either of the following Execute no ip ssh m Zeroize the switch s existing key pair page 4 11 Syntax no ip ssh Enables or disables SSH on the switch key si
253. witch s TACACS configuration depends on the order in which you enter the server IP addresses 1 When there are no TACACS servers configured entering a server IP address makes that server the first choice TACACS server 2 When there is one TACACS serves already configured entering another server IP address makes that server the second choice backup TACACS server 3 When there are two TACACS servers already configured entering another server IP address makes that server the third choice backup TACACS server e The above position assignments are fixed Thus if you remove one server and replace it with another the new server assumes the priority position that the removed server had For example suppose you configured three servers A B and C configured in order First Choice A Second Choice B Third Choice C e If you removed server B and then entered server X the TACACS server order of priority would be First Choice A Second Choice X Third Choice C e If there are two or more vacant slots in the TACACS server priority list and you enter a new IP address the new address will take the vacant slot with the highest priority Thus if A B and C are configured as above and you 1 remove A and B and 2 enter X and Y in that order then the new TACACS server priority list would be X Y and C e The easiest way to change the order of the TACACS servers in the priority list is to remove all server addresses in the list an
254. y added The prior to text in the record for the third intrusion means that a switch reset occurred at the indicated time and that the intrusion occurred prior to the reset To clear the intrusion from port Al and enable the switch to enter any subsequent intrusion for port Alin the Intrusion Log execute the port security clear intrusion flag command If you then re display the port status screen you will see that the Intrusion Alert entry for port Al has changed to No Executing show port security intrusion log again will result in the same display as above and does not include the Intrusion Alert status HPswitch config port security al clear intrusion flag HPswitch config show interfaces brief 7 20 Configuring and Monitoring Port Security Reading Intrusion Alerts and Resetting Alert Flags Intrusion Alert on port A1 is now cleared Status and Counters Port Status Intrusion Port Al 10 100TxX No A2 10 100TxX No A3 10 100TxX No Figure 7 14 Example of Port Status Screen After Alert Flags Reset For more on clearing intrusions see Note on Send Disable Operation on page 7 17 Using the Event Log To Find Intrusion Alerts The Event Log lists port security intrusions as W MM DD YY HH MM SS FFI port A3 Security Violation where W is the severity level of the log entry and FFI is the system module that generated the entry For further information display the Intrusion Log
255. y for the use or reliability of its software on equipment that is not furnished by Hewlett Packard Warranty See the Customer Support Warranty booklet included with the product A copy of the specific warranty terms applicable to your Hewlett Packard products and replacement parts can be obtained from your HP Sales and Service Office or authorized dealer Hewlett Packard Company 8000 Foothills Boulevard m s 5551 Roseville California 95747 5551 hitp www hp com go hpprocurve Contents Getting Started Contents enore ee i PR BE ea ee D a xi Introd ction cieee onia Pel Pele EATE EENE E SEW Reon ee Me ae S xii Overview of Access Security Features 000005 xii Command Syntax Conventions 0 0 c cece cece nee xiv Simulating Display Output 0 0 0 0 ccc eee eee xiv Command Prompts oes dsten ens gad leads hak Peete ena wala veal ses xiv Screen Simulations 0 0 c cece cence eens XV Related Publications 0 0 eee ee xv Getting Documentation From the Web 4 xvii Sources for More Information 2 0 eee ee xviii Need Only a Quick Start 0 00 xix To Set Up and Install the Switch in Your Network xix Configuring Username and Password Security Contents oeaio a ai a aiia a a REE A vo based a Uda Seen EE ob a 1 1 OVERVIEW i i alike Bc BE IL SW eh hats See le Ses cakes Sg 1 2 Configuring
256. your SSH client application For example Before saving the key to an SSH client s known hosts file you may have to insert the switch s IP address z Notepad Jol x Fie Edit Search Help 100 28 17 109 896 35 4271994760766 677426366625 66 65 799242148515279332487526218551264932934607546 Exponent Modulus lt e gt lt n gt Address Figure 4 10 Example of a Switch Public Key Edited To Include the Switch s IP Address For more on this topic refer to the documentation provided with your SSH client application Displaying the Public Key The switch provides three options for display ing its public key This is helpful if you need to visually verify that the public key the switch is using for authenticating itself to a client matches the copy of this key in the client s known hosts file Non encoded ASCII numeric string Requires a client ability to display the keys in the known hosts file in the ASCII format This method is tedious and error prone due to the length of the keys See figure 4 9 on page 4 13 Phonetic hash Outputs the key as a relatively short series of alpha betic character groups Requires a client ability to convert the key to this format m Hexadecimal hash Outputs the key as a relatively short series of hexadecimal numbers Requires a parallel client ability For example on the switch you would generate the phonetic and hexadecimal versions of the switch s public key in figure 4 9
257. ze lt 512 768 1024 gt Version 1 only The size of the internal automatically generated key the switch uses for negotiations with an SSH client A larger key provides greater security a smaller key results in faster authentication default 512 bits 4 16 Configuring Secure Shell SSH Configuring the Switch for SSH Operation port lt 1 65535 default gt The TCP port number for SSH connections default 22 Important See Note on Port Number on page 4 17 timeout lt 5 120 gt The SSH login timeout value default 120 seconds version lt 1 2 1 or 2 gt The version of SSH to accept connections from default 1 07 2 The ip ssh key size command affects only a per session internal server key the switch creates uses and discards This key is not accessible from the user interface The switch s public host key is a separate accessible key that is always 896 bits Note on Port HP recommends using the default TCP port number 22 However you can Number use ip ssh port to specify any TCP port for SSH connections except those reserved for other purposes Examples of reserved IP ports are 23 Telnet and 80 http Some other reserved TCP ports on the Series 4100GL switches are 49 80 1506 and 1513 HPSwitch config ip ssh HPSwitch config show ip ssh 53H Enabled SSH Version IP Port Number Timeout sec Server Key Size bits Yes A L or 2 22 120

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