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HP 38g User's Manual

1. There are three Setup views They are the shifted keystrokes for SYMB PLOT and NUM Check that Radians are set for Symbolic Setup Press 9 SETUP SYMB and choose Radians if necessary Plot the graph Press PLOT The coordinates show that when x 0 f x is undefined if your plot does not look like this try resetting the default plot settings Press SETUP PLOT EB CLEAR 1 14 Getting Started yox ARLET LIBRARY Function o Parametric Polar Sequence Solve F AHNE RESET SORT SEND RECH START SSES FUNCTION SYMBOLIC VIEH ZRS VFICKI SINCI X FSC I F4 X F5 X y emt cHe e L HOH eval See FUNCTION SYMBOLIC SETUP See AMGLE MEASURE Seve hl ele CHOOSE ANGLE MEASURE HOODS F1 H UMDEFIMED REHM Trace the plot Move the crosshairs along the plot by pressing and gt Fitch 6955828 RE Zoom in and zoom out Press MENU ZOOM highlight In 4X4 and press OK To restore the original scale select ZOOM Un zoom Display the numbers To display a table of data press NUM You see the independent X and dependent F1 variables listed with sampled values If your table does not look like this try resetting the default numeric settings Press i SETUP NUM Gi CLEAR Split the screen Press VIEWS then select Plot Table OK to display these two views simultaneously g0q375 197535 znati E TER DE
2. 1 Turn the calculator off and place the slide cover over the keyboard to keep from pressing keys Your calculator can lose memory if it is turned on while the batteries are being removed 2 Slide the battery compartment door off the rear of the calculator by pressing down on the dimple and pushing the door off 3 Replace the batteries within 2 minutes to avoid memory loss Position the fresh batteries according to the diagram inside the battery compartment it is easiest to install the flat end of each battery first Do not mutilate puncture or dispose of batteries in fire The batteries contain hazardous chemicals and can explode Reference Information 9 7 Resetting the HP 38G To reset using keystrokes To reset using the reset hole To erase all memory and reset defaults If the calculator locks up and seems to be stuck you must reset it This is much like resetting a PC It cancels certain operations restores certain conditions and clears temporary memory locations However it does not clear stored data variables aplet databases programs unless you use the procedure below To erase all memory and reset defaults Press and hold the key and the top row left middle key top row third from left simultaneously then release them If the calculator does not respond to the above key sequence then 1 Turn the calculator over and locate the small hole below the bump upper right Insert t
3. Rescales the axes using autoscaling Rescales both axes so each pixel 0 1 unit Resets default values for XRNG 6 5 to 6 5 and YRNG 3 1 to 3 2 Not in Sequence or Statistics Rescales horizontal axis only making each pixel unit Not in Sequence or Statistics Rescales horizontal axis so 1 pixel 1 24 radian 7 5 or 8 grads rescales vertical axis so pixel 0 1 unit Not in Sequence or Statistics 316 Plotting and Exploring Functions Splitting the Screen Overlaying Plots The Split Screen view can give you two simultaneous views of the plot 1 Press VIEWS Select Plot Detail and press OK The graph is plotted twice You can now zoom in on the right side 2 Press MENU ZOOM to choose the Zoom method and press OK or ENTER This zooms the right side Here is an example of split screen with zoom in ECG TRAC a iia ECM DEFN e e The Plot menu keys are available as for the full plot for tracing coordinate display equation display and so on E lt or moves the cursor to the far left or far right of the full plot e The lt left arrow menu key will convert the base plot left side to the scale of the zoomed plot right side It does so by resetting the variables minimum and maximum values in the Plot Setup 3 To un split the screen press PLOT The left side takes over the whole screen If you would like to plot over an exis
4. Parametric Polar In a program type Sequence 0 STOP NumFont for small default Statistics 1 STOP NumFont for big Programming 8 37 NumIndep List of independent values used by Build Your Own Table In a program type list STOP NumIndep Function Parametric Polar Sequence Defines the highlighted row in Numeric view In a program type n STOP NumRow NumRow All Aplets NumsStart Defines the starting value for table in Numeric View From Num Setup enter a value for NUMSTART or In a program type n STOP NumStart Function Parametric Polar Sequence Defines the step size increment value for an independent variable in Numeric View NumStep Function Parametric Polar Sequence From Num Setup enter a value for NUMSTEP or In a program type n STOP NumStep Choose a table format NumType Function Parametric Polar Sequence From Num Setup choose Automatic or Build Your Own or In a program type 0 STO NumType for Build Your Own 1 STOP NumType for Automatic default Defines the Zoom factor From Num Setup type in a value for NUMZOOM NumZoom Function Parametric Polar Sequence Or In a program type n STOP NumZoom 8 38 Programming StatMode Toggles mode between variable and 2 variabl
5. Probability Functions COMB PERM RANDOM UTPC UTPF UTPN Probability functions are often used in statistical analyses Number of combinations without regard to order of n things taken rat atime m i n n COMB n r Factorial of a positive integer For non integers T x 1 value Number of permutations with regard to order of n things taken rat atime n n r PERM n r Random number between zero and 1 Produced by a pseudo random number sequence Becomes the seed for the next random number You can set the seed using the command RANDSEED RANDOM Upper Tail Chi Squared Probability given degrees of freedom evaluated at value Returns the probablility that a x random variable is greater than value UTPC degrees value Upper Tail Snedecor s F Probability given numerator degrees of freedom and denominator degrees of freedom of the F distribution evaluated at value Returns the probability that a Snedecor s F random variable is greater than value UTPF numerator denominator value Upper Tail Normal Probability given mean and variance evaluated at value Returns the probability that a normal random variable is greater than value for a normal distribution The variance is the square of the standard deviation UTPN mean variance value Upper Tail Student s t Probability given degrees of freedom evaluated at value Returns the probability that the Student s t
6. Sequence Example Generate a sequence to calculate the square root of 2 using the iterative relationship U xU gt U a wherea 2 Define this sequence in the HP 38G as U1 N UI N 1 A 2U1 N 1 and store 2 in A The Sequence aplet finds the square root by evaluating this expression with successive values of N until the value for U1 stops changing In this case the sequence converges at a value for y2 starting with U Start the sequence by setting U1 1 and U1 2 to 1 Select Sequence START 1 ENTER 1 COUT ON 1 A e ZA 0 A 0 2 amp w N 1 SOME SEQUENCE SYMEDLIC VEN SREE Uici gt i Uic2 1 ae ae CN 122 A ene ee Uet2o y PEUT CHEE co ZRD EVAL Store the value 2 in the real variable A 2 STOP A Z A Set up a stairstep plot E9 SETUP PLOT Check that the default values are set including Stairstep Press B CLEAR fo reset default values ome SERUEMCE FLET SETUP RIE SEQPLOT ISCRI MRNG 1 RNG 2 TRNG 2 CHOOSE SEQUENCE PLOT TYPE A PAANAN Aiai Plotting and Exploring Functions 3 33 Sequence VIEWS Example Select Auto Scale OK continued Explore the graph and the values for N and U1 by ULN 1 pressing 4 and As you trace the graph with the cursor keys the crosshairs jump from N 1 to N 2 to N 3 and so on The values for U1 change by smaller and smaller amounts until they converge
7. 6 Numeric Setup 15 Use 15 16 for Views menu 7 Views items SETVIEWS promptiprogramname viewnumber prompt programname viewnumber You can repeat as many trios of arguments as you like NCHECK Unchecks unselects the corresponding function in the current aplet For example Uncheck 3 would uncheck F3 if the current aplet is Function UNCHECK n 8 10 Programming Branch Commands A programming structure allows a program to control how it should execute depending on given conditions or the values of particular arguments The HP 38G has two kinds of control structures Branch structures e Loop structures Branch structures let a program make a decision based on the result of one or more tests Here is a summary of the branch structures available on the HP 38G Unlike the other programming commands the control structure commands work in logical groups Therefore the commands are described together rather than each independently IF THEN Executes a sequence of commands in the fest clause only if the ELSE END testclause evaluates to true Its syntax is IF test clause THEN true clause ELSE false clause END IF THEN ELSE END executes the true clause sequence of commands if the fest clause is true or the false clause sequence of commands if the fest clause is false Example 1PA IF A 1 THEN MSGBOX A EQUALS 1 ELSE MSGBOX A IS NOT EQUAL TO 1 END Seemana aa pETPPFURuniisarr
8. Inverse hyperbolic tangent tanh x If the input is 1 an Infinite Result occurs ATANH value Hyperbolic cosine ea COSH value Hyperbolic sine SINH value Hyperbolic tangent TANH value Natural exponential This is more accurate than e x due to limitations of the power function EXP value Exponent minus e 1 This is more accurate than EXP when x is close to zero EXPM1 value Natural log plus 1 In x 1 This is more accurate than LN when x is close to zero LNP1 value a ae te teint teeieleieennnnaaninneteine iii Mathematical Calculations 2 19 List Functions These functions are for list data stored in list variables See chapter 7 Using Lists Loop Functions The loop functions display a result after evaluating an expression a given number of times ITERATE Repeatedly the specified times evaluates an expression in terms of variable The value for variable is updated each time starting with initialvalue ITERATE expression variable initialvalue times RECURSE Provides a method of defining a sequence without using the Symbolic view of the Sequence aplet RECURSE sequencename term n term term2 Example RECURSE U U N 1 N 1 2 STOP U1 N This produces the factorial U1 1 1 U1 2 2 U1 N U1 N 1 N Summation Finds the sum of expression with respect to variable from initialvalue to finalvalue gt variable initialvalue finalv
9. Notepad Notes short text entries EB NOTEPAD Program Programs created by a user GB PROGRAM 1 16 Getting Started Storing and Recalling Variables To store a number To recall a number Variables are storage locations for numbers or values The HP 38G has different categories of variables for different kinds of data The names for the variables are predefined For real numbers there are 27 variable names available A through Z and O Other categories and their names are in chapter 2 A variable holds just one value so if you store a new number in it any previous number is lost You can store a number from Home s edit line into a named variable with the STOP store menu key STOP appears on a menu key label whenever it is possible to store a value For example 75 STOP AZJA 753 Aq 75 When you press ENTER the number 75 is stored into the variable named A To store the last answer you don t need to re type the number STOP A Z B Ans B 75 This stores 75 the last result in B In Home to recall a value from a stored variable back to the edit line just type the name of the variable and press ENTER AZA ENTER 75 Getting Started 1 17 Deleting A variable always has a value in it even if that value is zero Variables When you store another value into a variable it overwrites the previous value So you cannot delete a variable s value but you can
10. OOO ERO ZTN FIC 3 605551 AAM The calculator plots the two expressions of the conic plot separately sometimes producing a discontinuity in the graph Specify a finer resolution to minimize these discontinuities The gaps are due to the sampling interval EB SETUP PLOT ZS FUNCTION PLOT SETUP BA cHoos Select More Detail CHOOSE PLOT RESOLUTION eed HOGS PAGE T 3 28 Plotting and Exploring Functions Function PLOT Example PLOW a k continued J FICK 3 605552 eisai SS FUNCTION MUMERIC SETUP eee 4 SETUP NUM HUMSTART Check that the Numeric i ip amatic settings are the defaults if PUMPPI S not press W CLEAR C ARLE DOR NUM 2 sop EG bEFA Plotting and Exploring Functions 3 29 Parametric Example Plot the two sets of equations below that describe the paths of two particles over time Look at the interval between f 0 and f 6 5 seconds 3835 PARAMETRIC SYMBOLIC SETUP Se ES SETUP SYMB Check that Radians is set CHOOSE ANGLE MEASURE ee A eee Sos PARAMETRIC SYMBOLIC VIEW Bees l6Y3sCjsys X1 CT 1673 873 T r 44T hs e pan w 3s n z2 Amir es O 2 SIN E 7 4 2 amp T ENTER zx 3 cos Mi 7 2 T ENTER FACES A TTS i T 0 5 33433334334343 5 FEHU Use the Numeric view to determine whether the particles ever collide that is whether their paths cross at the same moment in tim
11. You can mix formal names and real variables Evaluating A s2 will substitute a number for A but not for s2 If you want to evaluate an expression like s1 s2 i numerically you can do so using the where command listed in the MATH menu under the Symbolic category For instance if you wanted s 3 and s2 4 you would enter s1 s2 2 s1 3 s2 4 The symbol is in the CHARS menu press E CHARS ok To find the indefinite integral with a symbolic rather than numeric result use formal variables that is s0 through so for a limit of integration For instance to compute 6x 5 dx efter the integration as 0 s1 6 X 5 X 0 and s1 are the lower and upper limits and X is the variable of integration 1 Enter the the integration expression in the Home edit line The f symbol in the the CHARS menu 2 Press ENTER which produces an intermediate result 3 Press a COPY ENTER to complete the evaluation The result of 0 s1 6 X2 5 X should be 5 s1 6 S143 3 that is 2x3 5x Translators in Comma mode change syntax to use periods To find the definite integral with a numeric result use numeric values numbers or real variables containing numbers for both the upper and lower limits For instance if you enter f 2 3 6 X2 5 X and press ENTER the result is 45 To find the symbolic derivative of an expression use a formal variable s1 etc to define the derivative For exam
12. 3 24 eT eT Tr TT TT AL TAAL rr SAPs Aii Index 18 Contacting Hewlett Packard For information about Using this Product If you have questions about how to use the product that are not covered in this guide you can contact Hewlett Packard Calculator Support 970 392 1001 Mon Fri 8 00am 5 00pm Pacific time Closed holidays For Hardware Service See appendix A of this user s guide for shipping instructions and information on obtaining service Before you send your product for service please call HP Calculator Support at the above number for diagnostic instructions and other service information Visit Hewlett Packard on the World Wide Web http www hp com calculators Aplet Views SETUP Sam D VIEWS NOTE SKETCH HOG ea library ee APLET LIGRARY see unction r LAANE JFEZET SORT SENG RECY START SSS FUNCTION SYMBOLIC VIEH RR WF LCKIESING KI H Fecn j symbolic alae FOs ETIT v CHEE s ES FUMCTIOM PLOT SETUP SERRA E SETUP PLOT RES Faster ENTER MINIMUM HORIZONTAL VALUE EWT PAGE plot numeric 1 EODH f rmn a finn 4 HEWLETT PACKARD mber F1200 90013 dition 2 English Printed in Singapore January 1998
13. Matrices are two dimensional arrays They are composed of more than one row and more than one column A true two dimensional matrix always is represented with nested brackets for example 1 2 3 4 5 6 There are ten matrix variables available named M1 through M9 and MO You can use them in calculations or manipulations in Home or in a program You can fetch the matrix names from the VAR menu or just type their names from the keyboard Creating and Storing Matrices You can create edit delete send and receive named matrices in the Matrix catalog E8 MATRIX You can also create and store matrices named or unnnamed in Home Using Matrices 6 1 Creating a Matrix in Matrix Catalog 1 Press j MATRIX 2 Highlight the matrix variable name you want to use and press NEW The dimensions will change automatically after the matrix is defined 3 Select the type of matrix e Fora vector one dimensional array select Real Vector or Complex Vector Certain operations do not recognize a one dimensional matrix as a vector so this selection is important e For a matrix two dimensional array select Real Matrix or Complex Matrix 4 For each element in the matrix type a number or an expression and press ENTER The expression may not contain symbolic variable names e For complex numbers enter each number in complex form that is a b where a is the real part and b is the imaginar
14. Press NEW or EDIT to open the Program editor The Program editor is where you enter new programs or edit existing ones 2 From the Program editor press CMDS The HP 38G displays the Program Commands menu The left side of the screen shows the command categories and the right side of the screen shows the available commands PRET IRE AAMAS Soe PROGRAM COMMANDS RRS Program categories Program commands Graphics a EC EE TT OK AL S A Programming 8 9 Aplet Commands These commands control aplets Checks selects the corresponding function in the current aplet For example Check 3 would check F3 if the current aplet is Function Then a checkmark would appear next to F3 in Symbolic view F3 would be plotted in Plot view and evaluated in Numeric view CHECK n Selects the named aplet and makes it the current aplet SELECT apletname SETVIEWS Takes trios of arguments Used to define entries in the VIEWS menu for aplets Prompt is the text to display for an entry in the Views menu Programname is the name of a program to run if the entry is selected The viewnumber is the number of a view to start after the program finishes running The views are numbered as follows 0 Otogoto Home 9 Note 1 Plot 10 SketchLibrary 2 Symbolic 11 List Catalog 3 Numeric 12 Matrix Catalog 4 Plot Setup 13 Notepad Catalog 5 Symbolic Setup 14 Programs
15. conjugate 2 18 CONNECT plotting 3 19 Connect variable 8 28 connectivity kit 1 27 CONS 2 13 Constant Solve aplet 4 7 constants 2 19 contrast Index 3 decreasing display 1 6 increasing display 1 6 Coord variable 8 28 coordinate display 3 13 copying from display 1 9 programs 8 8 copying notes 1 19 CORR 5 19 5 21 correlation Statistical 5 18 correlation coefficient 5 21 COS cosine 2 15 COSH 2 20 COT cotangent 2 28 COV 5 19 covariance statistical 5 18 cover calculator 1 1 creating new aplet 1 26 notes in Notepad 1 23 programs 8 3 random matrix 8 19 set of sketches 1 22 CROSS 6 10 cross product vector 6 10 crosshairs horizontal coordinate 8 33 CSC cosecant 2 28 CSWAP column swap 8 20 curve fitting 5 14 curve fitting 5 2 customer support 9 4 D data points number for DO2VSTATS 8 25 number for DOIVSTATS 8 25 date setting 8 22 debugging programs 8 7 decimal format changing marker 1 7 decimal mark 1 7 Decimal scaling 3 16 decreasing display contrast 1 6 defining expressions 3 3 defining function Numeric view 3 23 definite integration 2 12 DEFN 3 23 in Statistics 5 23 DEG annunciator 1 6 DEG gt RAD degrees to radians 2 24 Degrees format 2 15 DELCOL delete column 8 18 deleting aplets 1 26 lists 7 2 matrices 6 4 statistical data 5 13 deleting programs 8 7 delimiters programming amp 1 DELROW delete row 8 18
16. demo 1 2 dependent variable statistical 5 10 derivatives 2 12 DET 6 10 determinant square matrix 6 10 differentiation 2 12 digit entry mode 1 7 disk drive aplet 1 27 display 8 15 adjusting contrast 1 6 annunciator line 1 6 clearing 1 6 Engineering 1 7 Fixed 1 7 Fraction 1 7 parts of 1 6 printing contents 8 20 Scientific 1 7 setting modes 1 7 soft key labels 1 6 Standard 1 7 display history 1 9 2 4 clearing 2 6 scrolling through 2 5 display line repeating 1 9 Display modes setting 1 7 displaying Index 4 date and time 8 22 full number 1 10 matrices 6 4 divide 2 15 DO UNTIL END 8 17 DOIVSTATS 8 25 DO2VSTATS 8 25 DOT 6 10 Dot mode 1 7 dot product matrix 6 10 DRAW 1 20 DRAW keys 1 22 drawing set of sketches 1 22 drawing boxes 1 21 drawing circles 1 21 Drawing commands ARC 8 13 BOX 8 13 ERASE 8 13 FREEZE 8 13 LINE 8 13 PIXOFF 8 14 PIXON amp 14 TLINE 8 14 drawing lines 1 21 E e constant 2 19 eAx 2 20 EDIT in Statistics 5 11 5 12 edit line clearing 2 6 recalling a number 1 17 editing input form fields 1 8 matrices 63 8 18 notes 1 19 programs 8 3 8 5 editing an aplet 1 25 Editline 8 2 EDITMAT 8 22 editors 1 16 ERIGENVAL 6 10 eigenvalues 6 10 eigenvectors 6 10 EIGENVV 6 10 Engineering format 1 7 Engineering number format 1 7 ENTER 2 5 entering statistical data 5 6 5 9 equal sign not in expressions 4 2
17. e Functions can be used in any aplet or in Home They are listed in the MATH menu under the Matrix category They can be used in mathematical expressions primanily in Home as well as in programs e Functions always produce and display a result They do not change any stored variables such as a matrix variable e Functions have arguments that are enclosed in parentheses and separated by commas Example CROSS vector vector2 The matrix input can be either a matrix variable name such as M1 or the actual matrix data inside brackets For example CROSS M1 1 2 e If Decimal Mark in MODES is set to Comma use periods to separate arguments For example CROSS vector vector2 Commands are limited to programs Matrix commands are listed in the MATH menu MATH CMDs category Matrix e For row or column supply the number of the row counting from the top starting with 1 or the number of the column counting from the left starting with 1 e The arguments matrix and matrixname can refer to either a vector or a matrix Using Matrices 6 9 Output Functions return results to the display and to the variable Ans Results can be displayed with single brackets for a vector or double brackets for a matrix Matrix Functions COLNORM CROSS DET DOT EIGENVAL EIGENVV IDENMAT INVERSE Column Norm Finds the maximum value over all columns of the sums of the absolute values of all elemen
18. following two messages Condition No solution found One or more of the initial guesses lie outside the domain of the equation Therefore the solution was not a real number or it caused an error No solution found The value of the equation is the same at every point sampled Solve 4 7 The Root Finder at Work You can watch the process of the root finder calculating and searching for a root Immediately after pressing SOLVE to start the root finder press any key except ON You will see two intermediate guesses and to the left the sign of the expression evaluated at each guess For example Zool a de de SLL You can watch as the root finder either finds a sign reversal or converges on a local minimum maximum or does not converge at all If there is no convergence in process you might want to cancel the operation press ON and start over with a different initial guess Plotting to Find Guesses Example The Plot view and the Plot Setup work as they do for the Function aplet The main reason for plotting in the Solve aplet is to help you find solutions for those equations that have difficult to find or multiple solutions Consider the equation of motion for an accelerating body at X Ujo gt where x is distance v is initial velocity fis time and a is acceleration This is actually fo equations y x and y v t al 2 Since this equation is quadratic for there can be both a positive
19. 20 variables 8 20 probability functions 2 23 program catalog keys 8 3 editor 8 9 printing 8 20 programming commands 84 delimiters 8 1 structured 8 1 programs copying 88 creating 83 debugging 8 7 deleting 87 editing 8 amp 3 8 5 naming 83 pausing 8 24 running 8 7 saving 84 sending and receiving 8 6 stopping 8 8 Prompt commands BEEP 8 21 CHOOSE amp 21 DISP 8 22 EDITMAT 8 22 FREEZE 8 22 GETKEY 8 22 INPUT 8 23 MSGBOX 8 23 WAIT 8 24 PRVAR 8 20 PSDEV 5 17 PVARY 5 17 Q Q1 5 17 Q3 5 17 QR factorization 6 11 QUAD 2 26 quadratic fit 5 15 quadratics solving 2 26 quitting views 1 13 QUOTE 2 26 quotes in program names 8 3 R RAD annunciator radians mode 1 6 RAD DEG radians to degrees 2 25 Radians format 2 15 RAM 9 8 RANDMAT 8 19 RANDOM 2 23 random number generating 8 25 random numbers 2 23 RANDSEED 8 25 RANK 6 11 RCI multiply row 8 19 RE 2 18 real part 2 18 real number functions 2 24 recalculation for table 3 23 recalling number from edit line 1 17 receive error 9 11 receiving aplets 1 27 lists 7 3 programs 8 6 Recenter variable 8 30 reciprocal 2 16 complex 2 16 RECURSE 2 21 recursive evaluation 2 2 REDIM 8 19 RRL CORTESE SAE AEA TEI CT Pe SEE ASAE EES REER OAS to PLE rep CRA Index 12 redrawing table of numbers 3 24 reduced row echelon 611 regression example 5 4 values 5 21 regression analysis 5 21 regre
20. NUM J t 416667 3 7 f values for UI remain the same B 1 414214 1 Scroll down to see that the 41421356237 for N 6 Therefore 42 is SOOM T ENS DEFN 1 41421356237 to 12 digits of accuracy Compare the Stairstep plot which plots N and UI N toa Cobweb plot which plots U1 N 1 and UI N Use autoscaling for the plot The coordinate values and the Numeric view are identical to the Stairstep plot E SETUP PLOT Set SEQPLOT to Cobweb VIEWS Select Auto Scale OK WLM 1 3 34 Plotting and Exploring Functions Solve 4 The Solve aplet will solve an equation or an expression for its unknown variable You define an equation or expression in Symbolic view then supply values for all of the variables except one in Numeric view Then Solve will find the remaining unknown As a simple example consider the equation force mass X acceleration that is F MxA in the Solve Symbolic view pace SOLVE SYMBOLIC VIEW Sees A x 5 es ee SHOH If force is 600 N and acceleration is 9 8 m sec then pressing SOLV in the Solve Numeric view finds that the unknown mass must be 61 22 kg SOLVE NUMERIC VIEW Sees Z SOLVE NUMERIC VEH Seas ENTER VALUE OR PRESS SOLVE ELIT INFO DEFN SOLVE ENTER YALUE DR PRESS SOLVE LEIT INFO EFM zOL VE Furthermore you can solve the equation for any one of its variables You can solve the equation as many times as you want with new values
21. NumCol FastRes Ymax NumFont Sketch Grid Indep InvCross Labels Recenter Simult Tracing Xcross Ycross Xtick Ytick xzoom Yxoom Plot FCN Area Extremum Isect Root Slope 8 40 Programming Numindep NumRow Numstart NumStep NumType NumZoom Page PageNum Parametric Variables Axes Connect Coord Grid Indep InvCross Labels Recenter Simult Tmin Tmax Tracing Plot Tstep Xcross Yeross Xtick Vere Xmin xmax Ymin Ymax Xxzoom Yzoom Polar Variables Axes Connect Coord Grid Indep Invcross Labels Recenter Simult Omin Omax O step Tracing Plot Xcross Ycross Xtick Ytick xmin xmax Ymin Ymax xzoom Yxoom Numeric Digits Format NumCol NumFont Numindep NumRow NumsStart NumStep NumType NumZoom Numeric Digits Format NumcCol NumFont NumIndep NumRow NumStart NumStep NumType NumZoom NoteText Sketch Page PageNum ote NoteText Sketch Page PageNum Programming 8 41 Sequence Variables Axes Coord Grid Indep InvCross Labels Nmin Nmax Recenter SeqPlot Simult Tracing Plot Across Yeross Xtick Ytick Xmin Amax Ymin Ymax AZOOoM Yzoom Numeric Digits Format NumCol NumFont NumIndep NumRow NumStart NumStep NumType NumZoom NoteText Sketch Page PageNum Solve Variables Axes Connect Coord FastRes Grid Indep InvCross Labels Recenter Tracing Xcross Yeross Xtick Y
22. Sif 11 0 4 63 the plotting symbols 5 20 Statistics Fitting a Curve to 2VAR Data In the Plot view press FIT to turn on FITa This calculates a curve to fit the checked two variable data set s MENU FIT assuming 2VAR is set and fwo data sets are defined and checked in Numeric and Sit 16 4 8 Symbolic views The expression in Fit1 shows that the slope 0 03865 and the y intercept 4 856 SENS STATISTICS SYMBOLIC VEH SR ENTER USER DEFINED FIT EUT CHE e f o EROH EVAL Regression Coefficients CORR Relative Error As shown above the F I Tm mode in Plot view calculates and draws a curve to fit the data points using the given regression model It also substitutes calculated values for the regression coefficient variables in the Fit expression CORR the correlation coefficient is a measure of fit to a linear curve only Regardless of the Fit model you have chosen CORR relates to the linear model The relative error is stored in a variable named RelErr The relative error provides a measure of fit accuracy for all fits and it does depend on the Fit model you have chosen The relative error is a measure of the error between predicted values and actual values based on the specified Fit A smaller number means a smaller error which means a better fit Statistics 5 21 Plot Settings The Plot Setup view E8 SETUP PLOT sets most of the same plotting parameters as it
23. View on or off From Plot Setup check or uncheck __GRID or In a program type 1 STO Grid to turn the grid on 0 STOP Grid to turn the grid off default All Aplets Hmin Hmax Defines minimum and maximum values for histogram bars From Plot Setup for one variable statistics set value for HRNG or In a program type n STOP Hmin n STOP Hmax Statistics Hwidth Sets the width of histogram bars In a program type n STOP Hwidth Statistics Indep Defines the value of the independent variable used in Tracing mode In a program type n STO Indep All Aplets Programming 8 29 InvCross Toggles between solid crosshairs or inverted crosshairs Inverted is useful if background is solid From Plot Setup check or uncheck _InvCross or In a program type All Aplets 1 STO InvCross to invert the crosshairs 0 STOP InvCross for solid crosshairs default Contains the last value found by Intersection operation in the Plot FCN menu Isect Function Labels All Aplets Draws labels in Plot view showing X and Y ranges From Plot Setup check or uncheck _ Labels or In a program type 1 STO Labels to turn labels on 0 STOP Labels to turn labels off default Defines the minimum and maximum independent variable values Appears as the NRNG field
24. You can omit the final parenthesis at the end of an edit line Parentheses are also important in specifying the order of operation Without parentheses the HP 38G calculates according to the order of algebraic precedence the next topic Following are some examples using parentheses 2 2 Mathematical Caiculations Algebraic Precedence Order of Evaluation Fractions Largest and Smallest Numbers Examples Entering Calculates 45 EB 7 sin 45 7 45 M E m sin 45 7 vx 85 9 V85 x9 x 0 85 J 9 0 V85x9 Functions within an expression are evaluated in the following order of precedence Functions with the same precedence are evaluated in order from left to right 1 Expressions within parentheses Nested parentheses are evaluated from inner to outer 2 Prefix functions such as SIN and LOG 3 Postfix functions such as 4 Power function NTHROOT 5 Negation multiplication and division 6 Addition and subtraction 7 AND and NOT 8 OR and XOR 9 Left argument of where 10 Equals The HP 38G can display fractions of the form a b To set Fractions mode select Fractions as the Number Format in Home Modes E MODES Specify the number of decimal places to use for the denominator For instance in Fraction 2 format 29 1000 becomes 2 69 To enter a fraction use the 7 key The smallest number the HP 38G can represent is 1x10 1E 499 A smaller resul
25. a value An operation possibly with arguments that returns a result It does not store results in variables The arguments must be enclosed in parentheses and separated with commas or periods in Comma mode such as CROSS matnx matnx2 The basic starting point of the calculator Go to Home to do calculations For aplet management to start save reset send and receive aplets A set of values separated by commas periods if the Decimal Mark is Comma and enclosed in braces Lists are commonly used to enter statistical data and to evaluate a function at multiple values Created and manipulated by the List editor and catalog A two dimensional array of values separated by commas periods if the Decimal Mark is Comma and enclosed in nested brackets Created and manipulated by the Matrix catalog and editor Vectors are also handled by the Matrix catalog and editor A choice of operations given in the display It can appear as a list or as a set of menu key labels across the bottom of the display The top row of keys Their operations depend on the current context The labels in the bottom of the display Reference Information 9 9 note program sketch variable vector views show the current meanings Text that you write in the Notepad or in the Note view for a specific aplet A reusable set of instructions that you record using the Program editor A drawing that you make in the Sketch view for a specif
26. and a negative solution However we are concerned only with positive solutions since only positive distance makes sense 48 Solve Statistics The Statistics aplet can store up to ten separate data sets at one time It can do one variable or two variable statistical analyses of one or more sets of data In Numeric view Enter data values for one or two variable statistics 1 VAR or 2VAR e Jn Symbolic view Define which data columns make up a data set The Symbolic views for one variable 1VAR and two variable 2VAR statistics are different ZENS STATISTICS SYMBOLIC VIEL RSS ZEUS STATISTICS SYMBOLIC VIEW RSS S1 C3 YFiti Giaehae S2 Fit2 m xXt b y ENTER USER DEFINED FIT LEDT CHE SHORT EVAL e Jn Plot view Plot one variable data as histograms or box and whisker plots Plot two variable data as scatter plots Two variable data are analyzed according to one of seven different regression fits or your own definition gt K1 48 49 10 11 66 22 Statistics 5 1 e n Home You can also compute statistics values in Home and recall the values of specific statistics variables The values computed in the Statistics aplet are saved in variables and many of these variables are listed by the STATS function in Numeric view Example Finding a Linear Equation to Fit Data Enter and analyze the advertising and sales data below Compute statistics fit a curve to the data and predict the ef
27. and different unknowns Sle es Solve 4 1 Solving Equations An eguation contains an equals sign Its solution is a value for the unknown variable that makes both sides equal the same value An expression does not contain an equals sign Its solution is a root that is a value for the unknown variable that makes the expression equal to zero Define the Equation To define an equation You can define up to ten equations or expressions named EO through E9 Each equation can contain up to 27 real variables named A through Z or 9 1 In the Library LiB select the Solve aplet 2 Display the Symbolic view SYMB If the highlight is on an existing equation scroll to an empty line unless you don t mind writing over the equation Or clear one line DEL or all lines HE CLEAR 3 Enter a complete equation including the equals sign The equals sign is available as a menu key Use only A through Z and O as variables names Press or OK to complete the equation Only one equation at a time can be checkmarked eae SOLVE SYMBOLIC VIER Sees LiF MeR z EDIT che S EHoh A Solve variable E through EO can also be defined in terms of other Solve variables For instance you could define El to be the sum of E2 and E3 4 2 Solve Symbolic View Keys Angle Setting EDIT CHK SHOW EVAL VAR E CHARS DEL E CLEAR Meaning Copies the highlighted ex
28. does for the other built in aplets See Setting Up the Plot in chapter 3 Settings unique to the Statistics aplet are Plot Type STATPLOT specifies either a histogram or a box and whisker iVAR plot for one variable statistics when 1 VARw is set Use CHOOS to change the highlighted setting Histogram HWIDTH specifies the width of a histogram bar a IVAR Width plot This determines how many bars will fit in the display as well as how the data are distributed how many values each bar represents Histogram HRNG specifies the range of values for a set of histogram bars Range a 1VAR plot The range runs from the left edge of the leftmost bar to the right edge of the rightmost bar Plotting Mark SIMARK through SSMARK specify one of five symbols to use 2VAR to plot each data set Use CHOOS to change the highlighted setting Trouble shooting If you have problems plotting check that you have the following e Data values entered in columns of C variables Numeric view e The correct 1VARs or 2VARs menu label on Numeric view e The correct Fit regression model if the data are two variable 2VARa You can change the Fit as SIFIT through SSFIT in Symbolic Setup e A dataset defined as specific data columns Symbolic view Only the data sets to compute or plot are checkmarked Symbolic view e The correct plotting range Try using VIEWS Auto Scale instead of PLOT or adjust the
29. equals for equations 2 26 equals logical test 2 27 equations plotting 46 solving 4 2 ERASE 8 13 erasing See clearing error messages 9 12 EVAL in Statistics 5 12 evaluating formal variables 2 26 evaluation 3 5 polynomial 2 22 example sequence plotting 3 33 examples function plotting 3 28 parametric plotting 3 30 polar plotting 3 32 setting the angle measure 1 8 speed searching 1 11 executing programs 8 7 exiting views 1 13 EXP 2 20 EXPM1 2 20 exponent raising to 2 16 exponent minus 1 2 20 exponential 2 15 2 20 exponential fit 5 15 expression definition of 9 9 expressions defining 3 3 4 2 entering 2 1 evaluating in aplets 3 5 evaluating in Home 3 5 literal 2 26 extremum interactive 3 20 Solve aplet 47 Index 5 Extremum variable 8 29 F f distribution upper tail probability 2 23 factorial 2 23 factorial 2 23 FastRes variable 8 29 fit 5 21 choosing 5 14 defining your own 5 16 in Statistics 5 23 Fitl Fit0 5 10 5 14 Fixed display 1 7 Fixed number format 1 7 FLOOR 2 24 FNROOT 2 24 FOR TO STEP END 8 17 forecasting 5 24 formal names 2 11 formal variables evaluating 2 26 FRAC fractional part 2 24 Fraction number format 1 7 fractions changing result to 1 8 Number format 1 8 Fractions mode changing to 2 3 FREEZE 8 13 8 22 frequencies in statistics 5 6 full precision display 1 7 function definiti
30. highlighted Library Keys Meaning SAVE Saves the highlighted aplet with a name RESET Resets the default values and settings in the highlighted aplet SORT Rearranges the aplet list SEND Transmits the highlighted aplet to another HP 38G or a storage device RECV receive Receives the aplet being sent from another HP 38G or storage device START or ENTER Opens the highlighted aplet To open an e Press to open the Library Highlight the aplet and aplet press START or ENTER The aplet s main view appears e Instead of pressing START you can press a view key like PLOT SYMB or NUM to immediately display that view of the aplet Getting Started 1 25 To mame an aplet To create a new aplet To delete an aplet To clear an aplet To sort the aplet list 1 Press to open the Library Highlight the aplet to name 2 Press SAVE and enter a name Press OK to confirm it CANCL to cancel it You can create a new aplet based on an existing aplet 1 Open the aplet you want to start from 2 Enter or modify its information equations data settings This defines a new version of the aplet All information is saved until you clear it or edit it 3 To name the aplet for future access use SAVE in the Library Open the Library highlight the custom not built in aplet to delete and press DEL To delete all custom aplets press C
31. highlighted category is the current calegory current category variable names The HOME and APLET menu keys switch to Home and Aplet variables The m symbol indicates what is on HOMs means that the Home variables are displayed The Home variables are the ones you most commonly use while doing calculations in Home Any value or other data you store must be stored in a variable of the correct type Available Names Complex Z1 through Z9 and Z0 Graphic GI through G9 and GO Library aplets List L1 through L9 and LO Matrix M1 through M9 and MO Modes The MODES screen E MODES stores values in these variables Notepad User provided Program User provided Real A through Zand O Mathematical Calculations 2 7 To access a Home variable Home variables retain their values regardless of context Home the aplets and the editors recognize the Home variables and retain whatever was last stored in them This sharing allows you to work on the same problem in different places such as Home and the Function aplet without having to update a variable whenever it is recalculated If you have not stored anything in a real variable then it contains the value zero It is never empty 1 Press to display the VAR menu Set HOMm if necessary by pressing HOME 2 Use and a to scroll through the alphabetical list of categories To skip directly to a starting letter press a letter key To
32. independent variable to calculate the function SEQPLOT For Sequence plots Stairstep or Cobweb types XTICK Horizontal spacing for tickmarks YTICK Vertical spacing for tickmarks 318 Plotting and Exploring Functions Second Page Those items with space for a checkmark are settings you can turn on or off Press PAGE to display the second page SIMULT If more than one function is being plotted plot them simultaneously otherwise sequentially INV CROSS When the crosshairs cross the plot invert those pixels that are overlapping CONNECT Connect the plotted points Sequence always connects them Label the axes with XRNG and YRNG values LABELS Draw the axes Draw grid points using XTICK and YTICK spacing Interactive Root Finding To use a FCN operation You can find roots intersections slopes and areas fora function in the Plot view of the Function aplet and any Function based aplets The FCN operations act on the currently selected expression or on the graph being traced The results are saved in the variables Area Extremum Isect Root and Slope so you can do further calculations with these results in the aplet or in Home 1 In Symbolic view in a Function aplet select the expression for Intersect two expressions whose curve you want to study Or trace the curve you want to study 2 Position the cursor where you want it to b
33. letters 1 2 U UNCHECK 8 10 undefined name 12 undefined result 9 12 un zoom 3 14 uppertail probabilities 2 23 User Defined regression fit 5 15 user prompts 8 21 UTPC Upper Tail Chi Squared 2 23 UTPF Upper Tail Snedecor s F probability 2 23 UTPN Upper Tail Normal probability 2 23 UTPT Upper Tail Student s t probability 2 23 V values storing in variables 2 6 VAR menu 2 8 variable definition of 9 10 variables aplet 2 10 categories of 2 8 clearing 1 18 definitions of 2 8 deleting 1 18 Home 2 9 Home and aplet 1 18 in Symbolic view 3 5 local 2 10 printing 8 20 real 2 9 root finding 3 20 solving for values 4 4 storing 1 17 storing values in 2 6 types 2 8 values in 1 18 variables menu 2 8 vectors column 6 amp 1 definition of 9 10 view options 3 16 views 3 16 See aplet views changing 1 13 definition of 9 10 W WAIT 8 24 warning symbol 1 5 warranty 9 3 where command 1 2 26 WHILE REPEAT END 8 17 X Xcross variable 8 33 XOR 2 27 XPON exponent 2 25 XRNG horizontal plot axis 3 18 XTICK 3 18 X zoom 3 14 Y Ycross variable 8 33 y intercept statistical 5 21 YRNG vertical plot axis 3 18 YTICK 3 18 Y zoom 3 14 Z Zero Solve aplet 4 7 ZEROGROB 8 16 ZOOM 3 13 3 23 in Statistics 5 23 Numeric view 3 24 zoom in 3 14 Index 17 zoom options 3 14 zoom out 3 14 redrawing table of numbers 3 24 ZOOM table
34. menu list BIG Toggles between two character sizes DEFN Displays the defining function expression for the highlighted column To cancel this display press DEF m F3 CO Seu 4 2 LE 34 ELETI SEINE He R4ess independent _ dependent variable variable gt Ul TU full display of highlighted 9 98334166468E 2 value Ee a EG UEFN The table adds columns for each additional expression that is checkmarked in the Symbolic view Press DEFN to display the expression that defines the function in the highlighted column You can enter any new value in the X column for the independent variable When you then press ENTER the values for the dependent variables are recalculated and the entire table is regenerated with a new interval between X values Plotting and Exploring Functions 3 23 Exploring the Table of Numbers Zooming ZOOM Options Zooming redraws the table of numbers in greater or lesser detail Option Meaning Decreases the intervals for the independent variable so a narrower range is shown Uses the NUMZOOM factor in Numeric Setup Increases the intervals for the independent variable so that a wider range is shown Uses the NUMZOOM factor in Numeric Setup Decimal Changes intervals for the independent variable to 0 1 unit Starts at zero Shortcut to changing NUMSTART and NUMSTEP Changes intervals for the i
35. number text_item Example 3 A is 2 2 Result A is 4 displayed on line 3 Displays the current date and time DISPTIME To set the date and time simple store the correct settings in the date and time variables Use the following formats M DDYYYY for the date and H MMSS for the time Examples 5 151995 STOP DATE sets the date to May 15 1995 10 1500 STOP TIME sets the time to 10 15 am Matrix Editor Opens the Matrix editor for the specified matrix Returns to the program when user presses OK EDITMAT matrixname This command prevents the display from being updated after the program nuns This allows you to view the graphics created by the program Cancel FREEZE by pressing any Key FREEZE Waits for a key then stores the keycode rc p in name where r is row number c is column number and p is key plane number the key planes are designated 1 for unshifted 2 for shifted 4 for alpha shifted and 5 for both alpha shifted and shifted GETKEY name 8 22 Programming Suspends program execution prompt the user with fifle label and help initializes the command line with default and saves the resulting input in name Use CHARS to type the quote marks INPUT name title label help default Example INPUT R Circular Area Radius Enter Number 1 CIRCULAR AREA RADIUS ENTER NUMBER m ee E MSGBOX Suspends program execution and displays a message box con
36. of data values with their frequencies Mean value of data set Population variance of data set Sample variance of data set Population standard deviation of data set Sample standard deviation of data set Minimum data value in data set First quartile median of ordinals to left of median Median value of data set Third quartile median of ordinals to right of median Maximum data value in data set Statistics 5 17 Two Variable Computed Statistics 5 18 Statistics Mean of x independent values Sum of x values Sum of x values Mean of y dependent values Sum of y values Sum of y values Sum of each xy Correlation coefficient of the independent and dependent data columns for a linear fit only regardless of the Fit chosen Returns a value from 0 to 1 where 1 is the best fit Sample covariance of independent and dependent data columns Plotting To plot statistical data Hint You can plot Histograms 1 VAR Box and whisker plots 1 VAR Scatter plots of data 2VAR Pressing FIT draws a curve to fit the data points according to the current Fit model and calculates regression coefficients Once you have entered your data Numeric view defined your data set Symbolic view and defined your Fit model for two variable statistics Symbolic Setup you can plot your data You can select up to five Scatter or Box and Whisker plots at a time You can plot only on
37. overwrite it The predefined variable names such as A through Z always exist you cannot change or delete them Home and Most variables are Home variables which means they are Aplet shared throughout the different contexts of the calculator Variables Some variables are aplet variables which means they apply only to the current aplet Aplet variables are data sets expressions and settings made within an aplet Notes and Sketches The HP 38G has compact text and picture editors for entering notes and sketches e The Notepad is an independent collection of notes e Fach aplet includes a Note view and a Sketch view for that aplet only Note View and Sketch View You can attach text fo an aplet in its Note view EB NOTE or attach pictures to it in its Sketch view SKETCH To write a note 1 In an aplet press 8 NOTE for the Note view in Note view Use the note editing keys shown below 3 Set Alpha lock A Z for quick entry of letters For lowercase Alpha lock press A Z e To type a single letter of the opposite case press E gt letter 4 Your work is automatically saved When done turn off Alpha lock by pressing A 2a if you want to go to Home Otherwise the key will still type A 1 18 Getting Started Note Editing Keys To import a note SPACE APAGE PAGEYV a z E a z BKSP DEL ED CLEAR VAR E CHARS Space key for text e
38. plotting parameters in Plot Setup for the ranges of the axes and the width of histogram bars HWIDTH 5 22 Statistics Exploring the Plot The Plot view has menu keys for zooming tracing and coordinate display There are scaling options under ED VIEWS These features are described in chapter 3 under Plotting and Analyzing Equations PLOT View Keys E CLEAR E VIEWS E lt a ZOOM TRACE X FITH DEFN MENU Meaning Erases the plot Offers additional pre defined views for splitting the screen overlaying plots and autoscaling the axes Moves cursor to ar left or far right Displays ZOOM menu Center Box In Out X or Y In Out Square and Set Factors Turns Trace mode on off The appears when Trace mode is on TRACB Displays the cursor s coordinate position Press MENU to restore the menu Turns Fit mode on off Turning FIT on draws a line to fit the data points according to the given regression model and calculates regression values which are substituted for the Fit expressions FIT1 through F5 in Symbolic view Temporarily displays the current defining expression Turns menu key labels on and off When the labels are off any menu key turns them back on Statistics 5 23 Calculating Predicted Values The functions PREDX and PREDY will estimate predict values for X or Y given a hypothetical value for the other The esti
39. random variable is greater than value UTPT degrees value 2 22 Mathematical Calculations Real Number Some real number functions can also take complex Functions arguments CEILING Smallest integer greater than equal to value CEILING value Degrees to radians Converts value from Degrees angle format to Radians angle format DEG RAD value Greatest integer less than or equal to value FLOOR value Function root finder like Solver aplet Finds the value for the given variable at which expression most nearly evaluates to zero Uses guess as initial estimate FNROOT expression variable guess Fractional part FRAC value Hours minutes seconds to decimal Converts a number or expression in H MMSSs format time or angle that can include fractions of a second to x x format number of hours or degrees with a decimal fraction HMS H MMSSs Decimal to hours minutes seconds Converts a number or expression in x x format number of hours or degrees with a decimal fraction to H MMSSs format time or angle up to fractions of a second HMS X X Integer part INT value Mantissa significant digits of value MANT value Mathematical Calculations 2 23 MAX MIN MOD CHANGE TOTAL RAD gt DEG ROUND SIGN TRUNCATE XPON Real Number Functions continued Maximum The greater of two values MAX value value2 Minimum The lesser of two values MIN
40. shift Accesses the function printed in turquoise color above a key HOME Home base for calculations A Z Alphabetic entry press before a letter key Enters an input or executes an operation In calculations ENTER acts like When OK is present as a menu key acts the same as OK Starts a negative number To enter 9 press Enters an exponent of 10 To enter 5x10 you press 5 B EEX 9 This appears as 5E9 or after pressing ENTER 5000000000 Independent variable key Types X T O or N into the display depending on the current context Delete key Backspaces if at the end of the line Clear key Clears all data on the screen except settings which return to their default values lt gt 4 Ly E CHARS Cursor movement navigation keys Press Ep first to move far Displays all available characters To type one highlight it and press OK Inactive Keys If you press a key that does not operate in the current context a warning symbol like this appears There is no beep Getting Started 1 5 The Display To adjust the contrast The Parts of the Display Annunciators To clear the display Simultaneously press and or to increase or decrease the contrast title ___ menu key labels Shift in effect for next keystroke To cancel press again Alpha in effect for ne
41. ship the calculator for service without first contacting a Hewlett Packard office If local service is unavailable you can ship the calculator to the Corvallis Service Center for repair All shipping reimportation arrangements and customs costs are your responsibility Service Charge Contact the Corvallis Service Center inside back cover for the standard out of warranty repair charges This charge is subject to the customer s local sales or value added tax wherever applicable Calculator products damaged by accident or misuse are not covered by the fixed charges These charges are individually determined based on time and material Shipping Instructions If your calculator requires service ship it to the nearest authorized service center or collection point e Include your return address and a detailed description of the problem Details should include error messages and any peripherals connected at the time of malfunction e Include proof of purchase date if the warranty has not expired Include a purchase order check or credit card number plus expiration date VISA or MasterCard to cover the standard repair charge e Ship your calculator postage prepaid in adequate protective packaging to prevent damage Shipping damage is not covered by the warranty so we recommend that you insure the shipment Reference Information 9 5 HP Marketing Headquarters Outside the U S Warranty on Service Service is warrante
42. start and end in form x y and stores it in name SUB name graphic start_x start_y end_x end_y Creates a blank graphic with given height ZEROGROB name width height graphic 8 16 Programming Loop Commands A programming structure allows a program to control how it should execute depending on given conditions or the values of particular arguments The HP 38G has two kinds of control structures e Branch structures e Loop structures DO UNTIL Do Until End is a loop structure that executes the loop END clause repeatedly until test clause returns a true nonzero result Because the test is executed after the loop clause the loop clause is always executed at least once Its syntax is DO loop clause UNTIL test clause END While Repeat End is a loop structure that repeatedly evaluates fesf clause and executes loop clause sequence if the test is true Because the test clause is executed before the loop clause the loop clause is not executed if the test is initially false Its syntax is WHILE test clause REPEAT loop clause END FOR I TO FOR name start expression TO end expression STEP STEP INCREMENT END loop clause END Example FOR I 1 to 300 STEP 30 BEEP 800 I 5 END Terminates loop Programming 8 17 Matrix Commands The Matrix commands use the matrix variables M0 M9 as arguments Add Column Inserts values into a column before column_number in the specified
43. typically enter your data into columns in the Numeric view Each column represents a variable named C1 through C9 and CO After entering the data you must define the data set in the Symbolic view Data sets are named H1 through H5 for one variable statistics or S1 through S5 for two variable statistics A data column must have at least four data points to provide valid two variable statistics or two data points for one variable statistics You can also store statistical data values by copying lists from Home into Statistics data columns For example LI STOP C1 stores the list LI into the data column variable CA Statistics 5 5 One Variable Data To enter IVAR Press and select Statistics Press START or data NUM 1 2 Set one variable 1VARm statistics This menu key is a toggle pressing 1VAR changes it to 2VAR and vice versa 3 Enter each value and press ENTER Put all the values for the same data set in the same column Entering frequencies If a value occurs more than once you can use another column to record its frequency rather than entering multiple copies of that value For instance C1 could be height values while C2 could be the number of children of each height Each cell in C1 would be paired with the adjacent cell in C2 for its frequency Je LEHT INF a ee Oe TAT 4 After entering the data values in the Numeric view press to switch to the Symbolic view 5 6 Statistics To com
44. with the full precision of the calculated result whereas the displayed numbers match the display mode When you retrieve a number from Ans you obtain the result to its full precision When you retrieve a number from Home s display history you obtain exactly what was displayed 2 4 Mathematical Calculations Continuing a Calculation Accessing the Display History Note that pressing enters or re enters the last input whereas pressing ES ANSWER copies the last result into the edit line You can continue calculating with your last result Ans simply by pressing an operator key 50 3 16 6666666667 25 Ans 25 41 6666666667 LL RE RRS A ngs Pressing again updates the value of Ans and 41 EEGGGEEGE repeats the operation 66 6666666667 ETA Ee ee ee ee S Pressing turns on the highlight bar in the display history a Scroll through the display history and highlight display lines COPY Copies the highlighted expression to the position of the cursor in the edit line SHOW Displays the current expression in standard mathematical form Deletes the highlighted expression from the display history unless there is a cursor in the edit line Clears all lines of display history and the edit line Mathematical Calculations 2 5 Clearing the Display History Clearing the Edit Line It s a good habit to clear the display history EB CLEAR whenever you are done working in Home It saves cal
45. 5 17 of list 7 7 maximum number 2 3 MAXREAL 2 19 mean statistical 5 18 weighted 5 7 MEAN 5 17 of list 7 7 MEANX 5 19 MEANY 5 19 MEDIAN 5 17 of list 7 7 memory 11 amount available 9 8 clearing all 98 out of 9 12 saving 1 16 2 6 menu MATH 2 13 menu Keys 1 3 menu lists 1 10 canceling 1 11 searching l 1 messages list of 9 12 MIN minimum 2 25 MINS 5 17 of list 7 7 minimum number 2 3 MINREAL 2 19 MOD modulo 2 25 Modes angle 1 7 Display 1 7 variables 2 8 MSGBOX 8 23 MTH menu key 2 13 multiple solutions plotting to find 4 8 multiplication implied 2 2 multiply 2 15 N N 5 17 Index 9 of list 7 7 name conflict 911 names formal 2 11 naming aplets 1 26 programs 8 3 natural exponential 2 15 2 20 natural log plus 1 2 20 NEG See negation negation 2 16 negative numbers 2 2 Nmax variable 8 30 Nmin variable 8 30 no equations checked 11 normal distribution upper tail probability 2 23 NOT 2 27 Note view 1 18 Notepad 1 18 creating note in 1 23 notes editing 1 19 importing 1 19 printing 8 20 writing 1 18 writing in Notepad 1 24 NoteText 1 19 to insert line breaks 8 24 NRNG index for sequence plots 3 18 NRNG field 8 30 nth root 2 16 Number format Engineering 1 7 Fixed 1 7 Fraction 1 7 fractions 1 8 in Solve 4 5 Scientific 1 7 Standard 1 7 numbers maximum minimum 2 3 numeric derivative 2 12 numeric p
46. Chu l l U1 QN 1 uace a HULI N 2 he ea ee ee Plot the Expression Plot View Comparing Plots Pausing a Plot Erasing a Plot After entering and selecting checkmarking the expression in the Symbolic view press PLOT To adjust the appearance of the graph or the interval that is displayed you can change the Plot Setup page 3 18 You can plot up to ten expressions at the same time Simply checkmark all those expressions you want to be plotted together Press PAUSE or to interrupt plotting Press CONT to continue plotting Press to start the plotting over Press i CLEAR to erase a plot Plotting and Exploring Functions 3 7 Undefined Points Tracing a Plot Scrolling a Plot Zooming If during plotting a real value for the expression is not found then that point is not plotted and no line is connected through it When a graph is newly drawn TRACE mode is on Pressing a cursor key will trace the crosshairs along the graph displaying the coordinate values as they move In Function and Sequence aplets you can scroll left and right beyond the edge of the window to see more of the graph Press PLOT ZOOM for a choice of zooming options To switch to a predefined axis scaling such as Trig or Integer press 8 VIEWS Examples Plotting Function Example Plot the expression from the previous Function example x 2x 3 In Plot Setup specify YRNG 3 1 5 so t
47. EDLIC WEH Bees Select Function vF i C45 ARNE START ae ee X 2 3 J 2 J H3 F4 3 3 F5 X x LELIT JZ CHE Of SHOR EVAL Remember that the equation that the HP 38G evaluates must be in the form f x expression in terms of x Given this Rearrange it And enter expression to F1 X X 2 F2 X 24X47 and F3 X F1 X F2 X Parametric Define x f 3 sin3t Example y t 2 sin4t In the Symbolic view of the Parametric aplet highlight a line or clear the lines and enter the expressions ROSS PARAMETRIC SYMEDLIC WEN See Select Parametric 1 CT S85S INC SETI START i SS E SINC4S 3 SIN 3 E T ENTER 2 SiN 4 E r ENTER ee YO T I X EMT ACHEL T TEHOHT EVAL 36 Plotting and Exploring Functions Polar Example Define r 2cos4 Sequence Example Plotting In the Symbolic view of the Polar aplet highlight a line or clear the lines and enter the expression meres PULAR SYMBOLIC VEW Select Polar vR1 8 23C05 420 START 2 Cos 4 J 6 ENTER bd LEDT CHK ef HOLE Mat Define the Fibonacci sequence in which each term after the first two is the sum of the preceding two terms f l f land f_ f forn 23 In the Symbolic view of the Sequence aplet highlight a line or clear the lines and enter the expressions SESE SEQUENCE SYMEDLIC VEH Ses Select Sequence vUicirsel ai UI Na N 1 4U1
48. Home store 3 5 8 12 17 23 in L5 In Home find the first differences for this list sum E 3 5 8 12 17 23 ifs syevis cen 22 PLS ao STOP L5 a reree as 8 l2 175233 253544546 L emi a T Select ALIST OK KZ L5 ENTER 76 Using Lists Finding Statistical Values for List Elements To find values such as the mean median maximum and minimum values of the elements in a list use the Statistics aplet Given list data in a list variable L1 for example store LI into a data column variable C1 for example and then compute its statistics 1 In Home store L1 into C1 You will be able to see the list data in the Numeric view of the Statistics aplet 2 In the Numeric view of the Statistics aplet set IVAR mode press 2VARw if necessary to display 1 VARa 3 In the Symbolic view define H1 for example as Cl sample and 1 frequency Make sure that H1 is checkmarked 4 In the Numeric view press STATS NX is the number of elements in L1 TOT is the sum of all elements in L1 MEAN gt is the mean value of all elements in L1 MIN gt is the smallest element in L1 MEDIAN is the median value of all elements in L1 MAX is the largest element in L1 Using Lists 7 7 8 Programming This chapter describes how to program using the HP 38G In this chapter you ll learn about e Using the Program catalog to create and edit programs e Programming commands e Storin
49. LEAR You cannot delete the built in aplets You can clear their data and reset default settings using RESET Resetting an aplet clears all data and resets all default settings Toreset an aplet open the Library select the aplet and press RESET In the Library press SORT Select the sorting scheme and press ENTER e Chronologically produces a chronological order by most recent use of the aplets The last used aplet appears first and so on Alphabetically produces an alphabetical order by aplet name 1 26 Getting Started Sending and Receiving Aplets To transmit an aplet A convenient way to distribute or share problems in class and to turn in homework is to transmit copy aplets directly from one HP 38G to another This takes place via the infrared port You can also send copy and receive aplets to from a remote storage device aplet disk drive or computer This takes place via a cable connection and requires an aplet disk drive or specialized software running on a PC or Mac such as a connectivity kit 1 Connect the storage device to the calculator by cable or align the two calculators infrared ports by matching up the triangle marks on the rims of the calculators Place the calculators no more than 2 inches 5 cm apart F ng x Bh on A CD HEWLETT PACKAAD 2 Sending calculator Open the Library highlight the aplet to send and press SEND e You have two op
50. N Press to view the full screen plot again Getting Started 1 15 Automatic Saving Annotating with Notes Annotating with Sketches Calculating in Aplets With this example you have defined a new aplet an aplet containing data for the solution of y sin 1 x The data are automatically saved in the Function aplet If you want to create another aplet based on Function then you can give this one a new name in the Library SAVE To keep as much memory available for storage as possible delete aplets you no longer need The Note view NOTE attaches a note to the current aplet See Notes and Sketches later in this chapter The Sketch view 8 SKETCH attaches a picture to the current aplet See Notes and Sketches later in this chapter You can do calculations in aplets wherever you can enter numbers or expressions Use the math keys on the keyboard or use operations from the menu list Chapter 2 discusses math calculations Catalogs and Editors The HP 38G has several catalogs and editors They access features and stored values numbers or text or other items that are not part of aplets A catalog lists items which you can delete or transmit An edifor lets you create or modify items and numbers Library Aplets List E LIST Lists In Home lists are enclosed in Matrix One and two dimensional arrays In EB MATRIX Home arrays are enclosed in
51. ND RECH oo BOQ FINS per De p Using Lists 7 1 List Catalog Keys List Editing Keys To display a list Meaning EDIT Opens the highlighted list for editing SEND Transmits the highlighted list to another HP 38G or a disk drive Works like sending an aplet chapter 1 RECV Receives a transmitted list from another HP 38G or a disk drive Works like receiving an aplet chapter 1 DEL Clears the highlighted list Eo CLEAR Clears all lists 2 v or Moves to the end or the beginning of the catalog Meaning Copies the highlighted list item into the edit line EDIT INS Inserts the value you type as the item before the highlighted item Deletes the highlighted item from the list DEL CLEAR EO v or x Moves to the end or the beginning of the list Clears all elements from the list e In the List catalog highlight the list name and press EDIT e In Home enter the name of the list and press ENTER To display one In Home enter listname element For example if L2 is element 3 4 5 6 then L2 2 returns 4 To delete a list In the List catalog E LIST highlight the list name and To delete all lists press DEL The name remains In the List catalog LIST press Hj CLEAR 7 2 Using Lists To transmit a list Creating a List in Home To store one element You can send and receive lists
52. O HEWLETT PACKARD User s Guide E O a park tLe A os Sr oc D VIEWS NOTE SKETCH cursor keys aoran N uB E3 v gt MODES en ACOSATAN A MODES ASIN ACOS ATAN Home SD GD GD as ANSWER CHARS EEX ABS xX The oK menu key aplet views for entering x label when present in a LIST T E i the display acts the Alpha shift EA a m same as the 10 key soy i a ee turquoise CLEAR Geen SPACE EE ED En Ea ON eee CANCEL Key Conventions Examples EB ANSWER Means press the shift key followed by the key AZJA Means press the Alpha shift key followed by the key HP 38G Graphing Calculator User s Guide G HEWLETT PACKARD HP Part No F1200 90013 Printed in Singapore Notice This manual and any examples contained herein are provided as is and are subject to change without notice Hewlett Packard Company makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this manual including but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose Hewlett Packard Co shall not be liable for any errors or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing performance or use of this manual or the examples herein Copyright Hewlett Packard Company 1995 All rights reserved Reproduction adaptation or translation of this manual is prohibited without prior written permission o
53. RORY SHOR Highlight the line press a and press COPY The number or expression is copied into the edit line To repeat the very last line just press ENTER Otherwise highlight the line press a first and then press ENTER The highlighted expression or number is re entered Getting Started 1 9 To re use a previous result Example To display the full number Menu Lists Press 7 ANSWER ast answer to put the last result from Home into an expression Ans is a variable that is updated each time you press ENTER See how ANSWER retrieves and reuses the last result 50 and updates Ans from 50 to 75 to 100 50 25 ll ANSWER Se eee You can use the last result as the first expression in the edit line without pressing Hj ANSWER Pressing or 7 Cor other operators that require a preceding argument automatically enters Ans before the operator You can reuse any other expression or value in the Home display by highlighting the expression using the arrow keys then pressing COPY If a number or expression is too long to appear on one line then highlight it press a and press SHOW If it is still too long press gt to see more When done press OK A menu offers you a choice of items The menu labels across the bottom of some displays are one kind of menu A menu list which appears in one or two columns is another kind moe MATH FUNCTIONS S58
54. Res 4 CEILING Stat Two IDEG gt RAD Plat Detsil Symbolic iFLOOR Tests vIFNROOT v e The arrow in the display means more items below e The A arrow in the display means more items above 1 10 Getting Started To search a menu list To cancel a Press Y or a to scroll through the list If you press Ed v or 4 you ll go all the way to the end or the beginning of the list Highlight the item you want to select then press OK or ENTER If there are two columns the left column shows general categories and the right column shows specific contents Highlight the category on the left then highlight the item on the right The list on the right changes when a different category is highlighted Press OK or ENTER To speed search a list type the first letter of the word For example to find the Matrix category in MATH press M the 9 key To go up a page you can press J lt 4 To go down a page press ES gt Press CANCEL or CANCL This cancels the current menu list operation Aplets and Their Views Aplets The HP 38G provides built in applications to solve specific kinds of math problems These little applications or aplets are accessed from the Library 1B The Library lists and manages all the aplets in the calculator whether they came with the calculator or were added later There are six types of math aplets built into the HP 38G Function e Real valued rectangul
55. SETFREQ datasetname expression SETSAMPLE Defines datasetname sample according to expression Datasetname can be H1 H2 or H5 SETSAMPLE datasetname expression Stat Two Commands DO2VSTATS Calculates STATS using datasetname and stores the results in corresponding variables MeanX 2X X2 MeanY XY 2Y2 YXY Corr Cov and Fit Datasetname can be SI S82 or So Datasetname must define at least four pairs of data points DO2VSTATS datasetname SETDEPEND Defines datasetname dependent according to expression Datasetname can be S1 S2 or 55 SETDEPEND datasetname expression SETINDEP Defines datasetname independent according to expression Datasetname can be 1 S2 or Sd SETINDEP datasetname expression Programming 8 25 Storing and Retrieving Variables in Programs The HP 38G has both Home variables and aplet variables Home variables are used for real numbers complex numbers graphics lists and matrices Home variables keep the same values in Home or in aplets Aplet variables are those whose values depend on the current aplet The aplet variables are used in programming to emulate the definitions and settings you make when working with aplets interactively The Variable Menu You use the Variable menu VAR to retrieve either Home variables or aplet variables To retrieve a You can use this procedure to retrieve either the variable Home variable name or the variable v
56. ST 7 5 Orng 8 32 ORNG angle range 3 18 OSTEP 8 32 plotting 3 18 gt function 221 SLIST 7 5 X 5 19 2X2 5 19 YXY 5 19 LY 5 19 XY2 5 19 percent 2 25 CHANGE 2 25 TOTAL 2 25 lt logical test 2 27 for equations 2 26 logical test 2 27 gt logical test 2 27 where 2 26 104x 2 15 IVAR 5 6 5 11 5 16 5 19 IVAR statistics example 5 7 2 2VAR 5 9 5 11 5 16 5 19 A absolute value 2 16 ACOS 2 15 ACOSH 2 20 ACOT 2 28 ACSC 2 28 add 2 15 ADDCOL add column 8 18 adding column in a matrix 8 18 row in a matrix 8 18 ADDROW add row 8 18 adjusting the display 1 6 algebraic entry 2 1 ALOG 2 20 Alpha lock 1 18 alphabetical sorting 1 26 AND 2 27 angle formats Degrees 2 15 Grads 2 15 Radians 2 15 angle measure setting 1 8 angle measure setup 3 4 angle mode in Statistics 5 12 angles converting 2 24 annunciators 1 6 Ans last answer 2 4 Ans variable 1 10 ANSWER 1 10 2 4 antilog 2 15 antilogarithm 2 20 aplet definition of 9 9 Aplet commands CHECK 8 10 SELECT 8 10 SETVIEWS 8 10 UNCHECK 8 10 Index 1 APLET menu key 2 8 aplet variables 1 18 2 10 for settings 2 10 in Plot view 8 28 new 2 10 retrieving 8 27 aplet views canceling operations in 1 14 changing I 13 edit line 1 16 note 1 13 Numeric view 1 12 Plot view 1 12 sketch 1 13 splitscreen 1 13 Symbolic view 1 12 aplets attaching notes 1 16 at
57. Text to supplement an aplet Sketch view Pictures to supplement an aplet ees FUNCTION SYMBOLIC SETUP SSS ANGLE MEASURE Riep i CHOOSE ANGLE MEASURE Eee 0 ee ee ae TAES PLOT SETUP WTIKK i Faster ENTER MINIMUM HORIZONTAL YALUE ENT poco Pe PAGE Repos SG FUNCTION NUMERIC SETUP See NUMSTART MUMSTEP 1 NUMTYPE Automatic NUMZ0OmM 4 ENTER STARTING VALUE FOR TABLE CTs a A T oor __ Fem bern _ moot FUNCTION MOTE Saks ASSIGNMENT 1 DUE 3 MAY PETOPINEMP PAGE TEST ORAL Each view is a separate environment To change the view press another view key To change to Home press HOME You do not explicitly close the current view you just enter another one like passing from one room into another in a house Getting Started 1 13 Canceling To cancel an operation within a view press the Operations CANCEL key Pressing CANCEL will cancel pending operations but will not change the view Exploring an Aplet View by View Example Use the Function aplet to explore the real function y sin I x using the Symbolic Plot and Numeric views Ail the information you enter is automatically saved Open the Function aplet Press Lib If necessary press Y to highlight Function Then press START to display the Symbolic view Enter the expression If necessary highlight a new line or press to clear the highlighted expression Press SiN 1 7 x ENTER
58. U Turns menu key labels on and off When the labels are off any top row key turns them back on Plotting and Exploring Functions 3 1 Tracing Many aplets have a Trace mode Trace mode is on when a plot has just been drawn When Trace mode is on the crosshairs cursor follows just the plotted points when you press the or gt keys The cursor traces the function The display also shows the current coordinate position x y of the cursor If there is more than one curve displayed press a or to move between curves Note that tracing might not appear to exactly follow your plot if the resolution in Plot Setup view is set to Faster This is because RES FASTER plots in only every other column whereas tracing always uses every column In Function and Sequence Aplets You can also scroll move the cursor left or right beyond the edge of the display window in Trace mode giving you a view of more of the plot crosshairs cursor coordinates __jy 4 5 FICH 997495 312 Plotting and Exploring Functions To turn on e Trace mode and the coordinate display are automatically TRACE mode set when a plot is drawn At other times set Trace mode by pressing TRACE to change the label to TRACs If the menu labels are not displayed press MENU first e Turn off Trace mode by changing the menu label back to TRACE To turn on e To turn on the display of the coordinates values at the coordinates curr
59. UMSTART and NUMSTEP 2 When done press to review the table of numbers To reset the default values for all table settings press E CLEAR Plotting and Exploring Functions 3 25 SETUP NUM Screen NUMSTART Where to start the independent variable s first value NUMSTEP The size of the increment from one independent variable value to the next NUMTYPE Type of numeric table Automatic or Build Your Own To build your own table you must type each independent value into the table yourself NUMZOOM Zoom factor multiplies the scale for Zoom Out divides for Zoom In Building Your Own Table of Numbers To format a table The default NUMTYPE is Automatic which fills the table with data for regular intervals of the independent X T O or N variable With NUMTYPE Build Your Own you fill the table yourself by typing in the independent variable values you want and the dependent values are then calculated and displayed 1 Start with an expression defined in Symbolic view in the aplet of your choice 2 In the Numeric Setup E SETUP NUM choose NUMTYPE Build Your Own 3 Open the Numeric view NUM To clear existing data in the table press Fj CLEAR 4 Enter the independent values in the left hand column Type in the number and press ENTER You do not have to enter them in order because the SORT function can rearrange them To insert a number between two others use INS You e
60. Variables 3522s io area eet pe desea aa det venaess 8 41 Sequence Variables jccciiG le aiiek ciel dacs 8 42 DOVE V ANIA eS cosets iss tsde E 8 42 Slatistics Vanlables scone iene 8 43 Reference Information Regulatory Informationen 6nk oa cae 9 Limited One Year Warranty c cecccseesccseessesesseenesseeenees 9 3 SONICS feet deccdeeioa Oa re a ee e loettan Sahat 9 4 BAU OTISS sets actchies Susana cesusasteccdlieecsadis deat ue sapien teachin ce 9 7 Resetting the HP JSG orrore nes 9 8 Memory Specifications scsi ee niece a i 9 8 OSS n S 9 9 Selected Status Messages esseseersressrireressrirrssnrnna 9 1 Contents 4 Getting Started Read this chapter first It will get you started using your HP 38G from turning it on to running aplets Starting Out The Cover The protective cover swivels to provide a base for the calculator Be sure to protect the display by replacing the cover before transporting the calculator Slide the cover gently so as not to hit the keys First push the cover away from you until it Then swivel the cover to the catches back and slide it towards you ON CANCEL When the calculator is on the key cancels the current operation OFF Pressing J that is E OFF turns the calculator off Getting Started 1 1 Demo Home Power To see a demonstration of the HP 38G s features type DEMO into the edit line in Home Press A Z D A ZJE A 2 M A Z O ENTER To sto
61. able 5 10 statistical plots analyzing 5 23 tracing 5 23 zooming 5 23 statistical plotting troubleshooting 5 22 statistical values predicted 5 24 statistical variables 5 7 statistics angle mode 5 12 computed 5 16 computing 5 16 computing IVAR 5 7 frequencies 5 6 Numeric view 5 11 5 16 one variable 5 6 ordered pairs 5 9 plot type 5 22 regression model 5 14 Symbolic Setup 5 10 Symbolic Setup view 5 12 Symbolic view 5 12 5 16 two variable 5 9 statistics IVAR computing 5 7 Statistics aplet 1 12 5 1 data structure 8 37 statistics columns paired 5 13 statistics plot choosing type 831 statistics plots limit on 5 7 5 10 statistics variables Index 15 Axes 8 28 computed 5 16 Connect 8 28 Grid 8 29 Hmin Hmax 8 29 Hwidth 8 29 InvCross 8 30 Labels 8 30 Recenter 8 30 Simark SSmark 8 31 StatPlot 8 31 Trace 8 32 Xcross 8 33 Ycross 8 33 Stat One commands DOIVSTATS 8 25 RANDSEED 8 25 SETFREQ 8 25 SETSAMPLE 8 25 STATPLOT 5 22 StatPlot variable 8 31 STATS 5 11 5 16 Stat Two commands SETDEPEND 8 25 SETINDEP 8 25 status messages 9 12 step size independent variable 8 32 STOP 8 12 stopping programs 8 8 storing See saving list elements 7 1 7 3 7 4 matrix element 6 5 matrix elements 6 2 6 5 storing numbers 1 17 strings entering string of letters 1 2 literal in symbolic operations 2 26 structured programming 81 Student s t distrib
62. alue expression Example C 1 5 C returns 55 Matrix These functions are for matrix data stored in matrix variables Functions See chapter 8 Using Matrices 2 20 Mathematical Calculations Polynomial Functions POLYCOEF POLYEVAL POLYFORM POLYROOT Polynomials are products of constants coefficients and variables raised to powers ferms Polynomial coefficients Returns the coefficients for the polynomial with the specified roots POLYCOEF roofs Example to find the polynomial with roots 2 3 4 5 POLYCOEF 2 3 4 5 returns 1 2 25 26 120 representing x 2x 25x 26x 120 Polynomial evaluation Evaluates a polynomial with the specified coefficients for the value of x POLYEVAL coefficients value Example for x 2x 25x 26x 120 POLYEVAL 1 2 25 26 120 8 returns 3432 Polynomial form Creates a polynomial in variable from expression Can express the coefficients as a polynomial in vanable2 The coefficients of the coefficients can be expressed as polynomials in variable3 etc POLYFORM expression variable 1 variable n Example POLYFORM X 1 2 1 X returns X 2 2 X 2 Polynomial roots Returns the roots for the nth order polynomial with the specified n 1 coefficients POLYROOT coefficients Example for x 2x 25x 26x 120 POLYROOT 1 2 25 26 120 returns 2 3 4 5 a a re ae Mathematical Calculations 2 21
63. alue into your program I Press to open the Variable menu 2 If necessary press HOMEs to open the list of aplet variables The left side of the display shows the variable categories and the right side shows the variable names variable category variable name HOM a APLETINAT a VALUELCAMCL OK 3 Select a Home variable category 4 Select a Home variable name d Press NAMs OK to retrieve the name of the variable or Press VALUs OK to retrieve the value of the variable 8 26 Programming To retrieve You can use this procedure to retrieve either the variable an aplet name or the variable value into your program variable l 1 Press VAR to open the Variable menu 2 If necessary press APLEs to open the list of aplet variables 3 Select an aplet view Each aplet variables is associated with a view Numeric or Numeric Setup Symbolic or Symbolic Setup Plot or Plot Setup Note or Sketch Function aplet current aplet view variable name 4 Select an aplet variable name 5 Press NAMs OK to retrieve the name of the variable or Press VALUs OK to retrieve the value of the variable Programming 8 27 Plot View Variables The following aplet variables are available in Plot View Not all variables are available in every aplet S1 fit S5fit for example are only available in Statistics Under each variable name ts a list of the aplets where the variable can b
64. an or equal to Returns 1 if true 0 if false value 1 2value2 Compares value and value2 Returns 1 if they are both non zero otherwise returns 0 valuel AND value2 If expression is true do the fueciause if not do the falseclause IFTE expression trueclause falseclause Example IFTE X gt 0 X X Returns 1 if value is zero otherwise returns 0 NOT value Returns 1 if either value or value2 is non zero otherwise returns 0 value OR value2 Exclusive OR Returns 1 if either value or value2 but not both of them is non zero otherwise returns 0 value XOR value2 2 26 Mathematical Calculations Trigonometry The trigonometry functions can also take complex numbers Functions as arguments For SIN COS TAN ASIN ACOS and ATAN see the Keyboard category all these functions have keys Arc cotangent ACOT value Arc cosecant ACSC value Arc secant ASEC value Cotangent cosx sinx COT value Cosecant 1 sinx CSC value Secant 1 cosx SEC value Mathematical Calculations 2 27 3 Plotting and Exploring Functions Types of Plots Graphing is at the heart of the HP 38G All of the built in aplets do graphing This chapter considers the four main built in aplets Function Parametric e Polar and e Sequence The Solve aplet and Statistics aplet which also include graphing are covered in separate chapters Defining a Problem You start with an aplet a
65. appear in the MATH menu Many of the keyboard functions also accept complex numbers as arguments C Add Subtract Multiply Divide Also accept complex numbers vdlue 1 value2 etc EB e Natural exponential Also accepts complex numbers e value E LN Natural logarithm Also accepts complex numbers LN value 10 Exponential antilogarithm Also accepts complex numbers 10 value LOG Common logarithm Also accepts complex numbers LOG value Sine cosine tangent Inputs and outputs depend on the current angle format Degrees Radians or Grads SIN value COS value TAN value Arc sine sin x Output ranges from 90 to 90 71 2 to 7 2 or 100 to 100 grads Inputs and outputs depend on the current angle format Also accepts complex numbers ASIN value E ACOS Arc cosine cos x Output ranges from 0 to 180 0 to 7 or 0 to 200 grads Inputs and outputs depend on the current angle format Also accepts complex numbers ACOS value 2 14 Mathematical Calculations Arc tangent tan x Output ranges from 90 to 90 7 2 to w 2 or 100 to 100 grads Inputs and outputs depend on the current angle format Also accepts complex numbers ATAN value Square Also accepts complex numbers value Square root Also accepts complex numbers V value Pi a constant T Multiplicative inverse reciprocal For a complex number the reciprocal is x tt
66. ar function y in terms of x Example y 2x43 Parametric e Parametric functions x and y in terms of t Example x cos f and y sin Polar e Polar function rin terms of an angle 9 Example r 2cos 4 Getting Started 1 11 Sequence Solve Statistics Views NUM e Sequence function U in terms of n or in terms of previous terms in the sequence such as U 1 and U Example Ui 0 U2 1 and Gh Un 24Uh 1 e Finding the roots of an equation Example x 1 x x 2 e Analysis of one variable x or two variable x and y statistical data An aplet is represented in different ways These views compose an aplet problem and its solution Here are illustrations of three major and six supporting aplet views Symbolic view The defining enira oe EH See equation s in most aplets HAL The equation contains a symbolic expression EDIT JZ EHk HOF EMAL Plot view The graph of the function s Numeric view Sampled values of the function s gooni LENS CEFN o 1 12 Getting Started E SETUP SYMB E SETUP PLOT a SETUP NUM VIEWS Plot Table E8 NOTE B SKETCH Changing Views Symbolic Setup EB SYMB Sets parameters for the symbolic expression Plot Setup E PLOT Sets parameters to plot a graph Numeric Setup E NUM Sets parameters for building a table of numeric values Split Screen view Two views side by side Note view
67. ation by other than an authorized Hewlett Packard service center No other express warranty is given The repair or replacement of a product is your exclusive remedy ANY OTHER IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS IS LIMITED TO THE ONE YEAR DURATION OF THIS WRITTEN WARRANTY Some states provinces or countries do not allow limitations on how long an implied warranty lasts so the above limitation may not apply to you INNO EVENT SHALL HEWLETT PACKARD COMPANY BE LIABLE FOR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES Some states provinces or countries do not allow the exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages so the above limitation or exclusion may not apply to you Products are sold on the basis of specifications applicable at the time of manufacture Hewlett Packard shall have no obligation to modify or update products once sold The above disclaimers and limitations shall not apply to consumer transactions in Australia and the United Kingdom and shall not affect the statutory rights of consumers i a Reference Information 9 3 Service Environ mental Limits Customer Support e Operating temperature 0 to 45 C 82 to 113 F e Storage temperature 20 to 65 C 4 to 149 F e Operating and storage humidity 90 relative humidity at 40 C 104 F maximum Avoid getting the calculator wet Battery operated at 4 5V dc 60mA maximum In the United States If you have technical questions about h
68. atistics START Gi CLEAR gt Mil CLEAR lt to clear two data columns if necessary Make sure that 1 VARm is on for one variable statistics If it isn t press 2VARg 4 25 4 6 4 7 4 1 to move to next column 290 800 900 1000 fe 1 tfe 2 1 i F ENTER SAMPLE LENT aT c ee ET EVAL This defines data set H1 with sample data in C1 and frequency data in C2 H H1 is not already checked press YCHK STATS Displays computed statistics You can scroll down to see other values such as the mean 4313559322 Ee Ee ce ed ce The weighted mean price is 4 43 per part OK a gg ELE PLOT SETUP STATPLOT GRESA HWIDTH E SETUP PLOT naa a 1166 3 Set these X Y and H ranges and HWIDTH SELECT STATISTICS PLOT TYPE a HODES PAGE F 58 Statistics The bar includes 4 10 and has a frequency of 1000 iL H1 4 4 13 Two Variable Data To enter 2VAR 1 Press and select Statistics Press START or data NUM 2 Set two variable 2VARw statistics This menu key is a toggle pressing 1 VAR changes it to 2VAR and vice versa 3 Enter each value and press ENTER Enter the values for one variable in one column then move to a second column to enter the values for the second variable Entering ordered pairs There is an alternative for entering two variable data Instead of filling one column and then the ot
69. bles MATH Menu for entering math operations E CHARS Displays special characters To type one place the cursor on it and press OK DEL Deletes the highlighted variable or the current character in the edit line EB CLEAR Resets default specifications for the data sets or Clears the edit line Cif it was active Managing Statistical Data Angle Setting Saving Data You can ignore the angle measurement mode unless your Fit definition in Symbolic view involves a trigonometric function Then you should specify in the Symbolic Setup view whether the trigonometric units are assumed to be in degrees radians or grads Your data are automatically saved When you are done entering data values you can press a key for another Statistics view like SymMB or you can switch to another aplet or Home 5 12 Statistics To edit a data set To delete data To insert data To sort data values In the Numeric view of the Statistics aplet highlight the data value to change Type a new value and press ENTER or press EDIT to copy the value to the edit line for modification e To delete a single data item highlight it and press DEL To delete a column of data highlight an entry in that column and press CLEAR Select the column name e To delete all columns of data press CLEAR in Numeric view Select A11 columns Highlight the entry following the point of insertion Press INS then ent
70. copy a l function 2 3 Function e Categories e Press to display the MATH menu The categories appear in alphabetical order Use and a to scroll through the categories To skip directly to a starting letter press a letter key The list of functions on the right applies to the currently highlighted category on the left Use gt and to switch between the category list and the function list Highlight the name of the function you want and press OK This copies the function name and an initial parenthesis if appropriate to the edit line Calculus e Loop e Statistics Two Complex e Matrices Variable numbers Polynomial e Symbolic Constant e Probability e Tests Hyperbolic trig e Realnumbers e Trigonometry e Lists The Math Functions by Category Following are definitions for all categories of functions except List Matrix and Statistics each of which appears in its own chapter Except for the keyboard operations which do not appear in the MATH menu all other functions are listed by their category in the MATH menu Syntax Each function s definition includes its syntax that is the exact order and spelling of a function s name its delimiters punctuation and its arguments Note that the syntax does not include spaces Mathematical Calculations 2 13 Keyboard The most frequently used functions appear on the keyboard Functions The keyboard functions are the only math functions that do not
71. culator memory to clear the display history Remember that all your previous inputs and results are saved until you clear them e deletes single characters in the edit line e CANCEL clears the entire edit line Storing in Variables Numeric Precision To store a value To store any previous value To recall a value You can store numbers or expressions from any previous input or result into variables A number stored in a variable is always stored as a 12 digit mantissa with a 3 digit exponent Numeric precision in the display however depends on the display mode Standard Fixed Scientific Engineering or Fraction A displayed number has only the precision that is displayed Press STOP letter ENTER where letter represents the one letter variable name for real numbers 6 STOP AZ B 13 5 STOP Az A If the value you want to store is somewhere else in the Home history first copy it to the edit line highlight the line using arrow keys and press COPY Then store it Type the name of the variable and press ENTER EZA 2 6 2 6 Mathematical Calculations The VAR Menu Home Variables Another way to retrieve a variable is to use the VAR variables menu The VAR menu contains the Home variables as well as the aplet variables for the current aplet The VAR menu is organized by category For each category of variables on the left there is a list of variables on the right The
72. d against defects in materials and workmanship for 90 days from the date of service Service Agreements In the U S a support agreement is available for repair and service For additional information contact the Corvallis Service Center inside back cover Should you need to contact Hewlett Packard check your local telephone directory for the HP Sales and Service Office nearest you If you cannot locate an HP office contact one of the Worldwide HP Marketing Headquarters listed below ASIA Far East Sales Region Hdatrs Hewlett Packard Asia Ltd 22nd Floor West Tower Bond Centre GPO Box 863 Hong Kong EUROPE European Operations Hdatrs Hewlett Packard S A 150 route du Nant d Avril CH 1217 Meyrin 2 Geneva Switzerland 9 6 Reference Information LATIN AMERICA Hewlett Packard Latin American Hdatrs Monte Pelvoux 111 Lomas de Chapultepec 11000 M xico D F OTHER AREAS Hewlett Packard Intercon Operations 3495 Deer Creek Road P O Box 10495 Palo Alto CA 94303 0896 USA Batteries ES To change the batteries CAUTION CAUTION When battery power is low the e annunciator stays on even when the calculator is off There is also a warning message that appears when the calculator is on Warning Low Bat The HP 38G uses three AAA batteries Be sure all three are of the same brand and type Rechargeable batteries are not recommended because of their lower capacity and more sudden demise
73. d the first one Example 123 456E7 becomes 1 23E9 in Engineering 2 format Fraction Displays results as fractions based on the specified number of decimal places for precision Examples 123 456789 becomes 123 in Fraction 2 format and 333 becomes 1 3 and 29 1000 becomes 2 69 Decimal Mark Dot or Comma Displays a number as 12456 98 Dot mode or as 12456 98 Comma mode Dot mode uses commas to separate elements in lists and matrices and to separate function arguments Comma mode uses periods as separators in these contexts Customizes the title in the Home screen Getting Started 1 7 To display fractions To convert a result to a fraction Set Fraction mode to display future results as fractions 1 Press E MODES then press to select NUMBER FORMAT 2 Press CHOOS highlight Fraction and press OK 3 Press gt and enter a number for the precision of the fraction The precision number determines how many digits appear in the denominator Press ENTER 4 Press to display Home I Set Fraction mode as in the previous procedure 2 In Home press a to highlight the number in the history display that you want to convert 3 Press COPY ENTER Using Input Forms Example Setting Modes An input form shows several fields of information for you to examine and specify After highlighting the field to edit you can enter or edit a number or expression You can also
74. default directory or to another directory 3 Receiving calculator Open the Program catalog and press RECV e You have two options another HP 38G or a disk drive or computer Highlight your selection and press OK The annunciator line displays until transmission is complete 86 Programming To delete a program To delete all programs To delete the contents of a program To run a program To debug a program You can delete any program except Editline 1 Press E PROGRAM to open the Program catalog 2 Highlight a program to delete then press DET e Press B CLEAR then press YES 1 Press E PROGRAM to open the Program catalog 2 Highlight a program then press EDIT 3 Press CLEAR then press yES The contents of the program are deleted but the program name remains From HOME type RUN program_name or From the Program catalog highlight the program you want to run and press RUN Regardless of where you start the program all programs run in HOME What you see will differ slightly depending on where you started the program If you start the program from HOME the HP 38G displays the contents of Ans Home variable containing the last result when the program has finished If you start the program from Program catalog the HP 38G returns you the Program catalog when the program ends If you run a program that contains errors the program will stop and you ll se
75. e Compare the T values when X1 X2 and when Y1 Y2 You can tell from the plot that the points of intersection are at or near X 2 and Y 3 If T is the same at these points then the points collide NUM Search for X1 2 and X2 2 Move the highlight to X1 1 866666 You can see that X2 2 when T 1 Use ZOOM to home in on X1 2 3 30 Plotting and Exploring Functions Parametric ZOOM Select I OK aan Z00n4 Select In 0K continued a 4 1 99999999999 sour TT Els DEFN You can now see that X1 2 when T 1 25 so the particles do not collide at X 2 Now search for Y1l 3 and Y2 3 You can use Z00M Out to move more quickly through the columns but Z00M In again to find Yl Y2 3 SES to highlight the Y2 column y to highlight Y2 3 Since Y1 and Y2 intersect when Y 3 at the same value for T the particles collide at T 2 seconds Plotting and Exploring Functions 331 Polar Example Plot the circle r 3 sin cos 6 POLAR SY MEOLIC VIEW LB Select Polar PR1C8 32 SINC E E SETUP SYMB oe Check that Radians is set SYMB 3 9 SIN 8 D E i Cos 6 0 E Le O ENTER If your plot does not look this check that the Plot Setup has the default settings y CEMT Jw Hk e foo SHOW PENAL NUM df your table does not look like this make sure the Numeric Setup has the default settings 3 32 Plotting and Exploring Functions
76. e Histogram at a time E In Symbolic view sy mB select checkmark the data sets you want to plot For one variable data 1 VARs select the plot type in Plot Setup E8 SETUP PLOT Highlight STATPLOT press CHOOS select either Histogram or BoxWhisker and press OK For any plot but especially for a histogram adjust the plotting scale and range in the Plot Setup view If you find histogram bars too fat or too thin you can adjust them with the HWIDTH setting Press PLOT If you have not adjusted the Plot Setup yourself you can try Hj VIEWS select Auto Scale OK Using Autoscaling is often the best way to plot as it automatically adjusts the plotting scale to the relevant range Statistics 5 19 Plot Types Histogram Box and Whisker Plot Scatter Plot One variable statistics The numbers below the plot mean that the current bar where the cursor is starts at 47 3598 and ends at 48 1024 Hi CM 3508 48 1024 1 EN not including 48 1024 and the frequency for this column is 1 One variable statistics The left whisker marks the minimum data value MIN to the first quartile The box marks the first quartile the median and the third quartile The right whisker marks the third quartile to the maximum data value Two variable statistics The numbers below the plot indicate that the cursor is at the first data point for S1 at 0 4 63 Plot Setup controls
77. e STO pee E In Home enter value STOP matrixname row column For example to change the element in the first row and second column of M5 to 728 type 728 STOP M5 1 2 ENTER Using Matrices 6 5 Matrix Arithmetic Adding and Subtracting Multiplying and Dividing by a Scalar You can use the arithmetic functions X with matrix arguments Multiplication and division have different meanings depending on whether one of the arguments is a scalar or not For addition and subtraction the dimensions of the matrices must be the same You can enter the matrices themselves or enter the names of stored matrix variables The matrices can be real or complex For the next four examples store 1 2 3 4 into M1 and 5 6 7 8 into M2 GB MATRIX vEW 0K 1 ENTER 2 m3 ENTER 4 EE MATRIX 7 NEW OK 5 6 7 ENTER 8 ENTER HOME EZM E AZM 2 ENTER CL6 81 16 12 FETA Be Ee ee N For division by a scalar enter the matrix first then the operator then the scalar For multiplication the order of the operands does not matter The matrix and the scalar can be real or complex D 2 ENTER This divides the previous matrix sum by 2 Cf6 8 010 12 3 41 05 6 STOR fd 6 6 Using Matrices Multiplying Two Matrices Dividing by a Square Matrix Inverting a Matrix Negating Each Element Multiplication of two matrices is not commutative The
78. e VAR menu switches the menu list to aplet variables The amp symbol indicates what is on APLEw means that aplet variables are displayed 1 Open the aplet whose variable you want to recall 2 Press to display the VAR menu Set APLEs if necessary by pressing APLET Sees FUNCTION VARS See Axes Plot FCN Connect Symbolic Coord a Numeric jFastRes Tiy HOME ARLE S WAr s VALUE CANEL OF 3 Highlight the view on the left side If you re not sure which view it s in just scroll through the view names and check the names of the variables on the right 4 Press OK or to switch to the list of variable names on the right side Highlight the name of the variable you want To copy its name turn on NAMs To retrieve its value turn on VALUa Press OK You can do this in Home if the aplet you want is current that is it was the last one open Symbolic Calculations Formal Names A formal name acts as a placeholder it does not represent a Note value just a symbol In Home or in a program the expression s1 s2 always returns the expression s1 s2 The real variables in A B on the other hand are evaluated to a number the value of which depends on what is currently stored in A and B Remember that there is always a value in a real variable even if it is zero 2 10 Mathematical Calculations Indefinite Integrals Definite Integrals Derivatives
79. e an error message 1 Choose YES to edit the program d Invalid Sunt ax Edit program ET a A E Programming 8 7 To stop a program To copy a program 2 A flashing arrow appears in the program at the point where the error occurred RANDMAT PROGRAM se RANDMAT M23334 EDITMAT M2 4 The character preceding the arrow contains Hier a syntax error 3 You can continue to run then edit the program until you find and correct all errors You can stop the execution of a program at any time by pressing CANCEL the key You can use the following procedure if you want to make a copy of your work before editing or if you want to use one program as a template for another 1 Press PROGRAM to open the Program catalog 2 Press NEW 3 Type a new file name then choose OK The Program Editor opens with an empty new program Press to open the Variable menu Press P to quickly scroll to Program Press gt then highlight the program you want to copy I Om WT Press VALUE then press OK The HP 38G copies the contents of the highlighted program into the current CECE open program 88 Programming Programming Commands This section describes the commands for programming with the HP 38G You can enter these commands in your program by typing them or by accessing them from the Math menu 1 Press B PROGRAM to open the Program catalog 2
80. e before pressing FCN If you cannot see the crosshairs they might be on the axes Press lt or gt to move the cursor and make it visible 3 Press FCN then select an operation from the menu list and press OK 4 To perform another operation press MENU to turn the menu key labels back on Plotting and Exploring Functions 3 19 To move the cursor To clear shading FCN Operations Root Extremum Slope Area Intersection To change the starting position of the cursor after having selected an operation press MENU move the cursor and re select the FCN operation To remove the shading produced by the AREA operation press to re draw the plot Select Root to find the root x value nearest the crosshairs If no root is found but only an extremum then the result is labeled EXTR instead of ROOT The root finder is also used in the Solve aplet See also Interpreting Results in chapter 4 The resulting x value is saved in a variable named Root Select Extremum to find the maximum or minimum nearest the crosshairs This displays the coordinate values and moves the crosshairs to the extremum This uses the derivative The resulting value is saved in a variable named Extremum Select Slope to find the numeric derivative at the point nearest the crosshairs The result is saved in a variable named Slope Select Area to find the numeric integral If there are two or more expressi
81. e plotted but it will not be fit to the data points In Numeric view make sure 2VAR is set 2VARg Press SETUP SYMB to display the Symbolic Setup view Highlight the Fit number SIFIT S5FIT you want to define Press CHOOS and select from the following list Press OK when done The regression formula for the fit is displayed in Symbolic view 5 14 Statistics Fit Models Regression Meaning Fit Default Fits the data to a straight line y mx b Uses a least squares fit m XK b Logarithmic Fits to a logarithmic curve y m lnx b m LN X b Exponential Fits to an exponential curve y be EXP m X b Power Fits to a power curve y bx X m b Quadratic Fits to a quadratic curve y ax bx c Needs at least three points a X 2 b XKi c Fits to a cubic curve y ax bx cx d Needs at least four points a X 3 b X 2 c X d Logistic Sea L 8 Fits to a logistic curve y rip 1 ae where L is the saturation value for growth You can store a positive real value in L or if L 0 let L be computed automatically L l a EXP b xX User Defined Define your own expression in Symbolic view Statistics 5 15 To define your 1 In Numeric view make sure 2VAR is set 2VARm own fit ES ER 2 Display the Symbolic view Highlight the Fit expression Fitl etc for the desired data set Type in an expression and press ENTER The ind
82. e statistics Does not appear in the Plot Setup input form Corresponds to the 1 VAR and 2VAR keys in Numeric View Statistics In a program type 1 STOP StatMode for IVAR 2 STOP StatMode for 2VAR Note Variables The following aplet variable is available in Note View NoteText Use NoteText to recall text previously entered in Note view All Aplets Sketch Variables The following aplet variables are available in Sketch View Page All Aplets Defines a page in a sketch set A sketch set can contain up to 10 graphics The graphics can be viewed one at a time using the APAGE and PAGEWV keys The Page variable references the currently displayed page of a sketch set In a program type graphic_variable STOP Page PageNum All Aplets Index for referring to a particular page of the sketch set in Sketch View In a program type n STOP PageNum Programming 8 39 Menu Maps of the VAR menu Home Variables Complex Graphic Z1 29 20 BE 369 60 Matrix M1 M9 MO Library Function Parametric Polar Sequence Solve Statistics User named Program Editline User named Notepad User named Modes Ans Date HAngle HDigits HFormat Terr Time Function Variables Plot Numeric Axes xmin Digits NoteText Connect xmax Format Coord Ymin
83. e used Area Contains the last value found by Area operation in Plot FCN Function Axes All Aplets Connect Function Parametric Polar Solve Statistics Coord Function Parametric Polar Sequence Solve Statistics menu Turns axes drawing on or off From Plot Setup check or uncheck _ AXES or In a program type 1 STOP Axes to turn axes drawing on default 0 STOP Axes to turn axes drawing off Draws lines between successively plotted points From Plot Setup check or uncheck _ CONNECT or In a program type 1 STOP Connect to connect plotted points default except in Statistics where the default is off 0 STOP connect not to connect plotted points Turns the coordinate display mode in Plot view on or off From Plot view press X Y or In a program type 1 STOP Coord to turn coordinate display on default 0 STOP Coord to turn coordinate display off TN NTS a aAA yy prUPUrESNE rrrrrTFY sins 8 28 Programming Contains the last value found by Extremum operation in the Plot FCN menu Extremum Function FastRes Toggles resolution between plotting in every other column faster or plotting in every column more detail Function Solve From Plot Setup choose Faster or More Detail or In a program type 1 STOP FastRes for faster default 0 STOP FastRes for more detail Turns the background grid in Plot
84. each variable except the unknown type a number and press OK 3 Move the highlight to the unknown s field and press SOLVE The solution appears in the unknowns field 4 You can repeat steps 2 and 3 substituting different values and selecting a different unknown each time sesso SOLVE NUMERIC VIEH eee ENTER VALUE OR PRESS SOLVE EUT INFO DEFN SOL NE If there is no solution found or you are looking for a different solution then you need to supply an initial guess see below 4 4 Solve Numeric View Keys e pene ooo ooo oo EDITH Copies the highlighted value to the edit line for editing Press OK when done INFO Displays a message about the solution see Interpreting Results next page PAGE DEFN Displays other pages of variables if any Displays the current defining expression Press OK when done Finds the solution for the highlighted variable SOLVE DEL Clears highlighted variable to zero or deletes current character in edit line if edit line was active Resets all variables values to zero or clears the edit line if cursor was in edit line Using an Initial You can obtain a faster and possibly more accurate solution if Guess Number Format you supply an estimated value for the unknown variable before pressing SOLVE Solve will look for a solution near the initial guess first e A
85. ecial characters such as a space However if you use special characters and then run the program by typing it in HOME you must enclose the program name in double quotes Don t use the symbol within your program name Programming 8 3 3 Type your program name then press OK When you press OK the Program Editor opens 4 Enter your program When done start any other activity Your work is saved automatically To enter Until you learn the abbreviated spelling for the HP 38G commands commands the easiest way to enter commands is to use the Math menu from the Program editor 1 From the Program editor press CMDS 2 On the left highlight a command category then press gt PKI AP MANGIA SESS PRUGRAM COMMANDS Sel CHECK Branch SELECT Drawing iSETYIEWS Graphic UNCHECK 4 To save a There is no need to save your program As you work your program program is saved automatically under the program name you specified 84 Programming To edita program Editing keys 1 Press PROGRAM to open the Program catalog 2 Use the arrow keys to highlight the program you want to edit 3 Press EDIT The HP 38G opens the Program Editor The name of your program appears in the title bar of the display You can use the following keys to edit your program STOP SPACE amp PAGE PAGEYV DIE OK A Z BKSP DEL MD CLEAR VAR MATH E CHARS Meanin
86. eeeenens 3 23 Display a Table of Numbers Numeric View 3 23 Exploring the Table of Numbers seses 3 24 Setting Up the Table Numeric Setup 0 00 ee 3 25 Building Your Own Table of Numbers 3 26 More Examples e aR eee iors 3 28 Solve SOWING Equations eonen o enan otters 4 2 Deline the Equations ucnoecnnnnn aan 4 2 Solve for the Unknown Variable esccccscccrecr 4 4 Plott ne the Equation nisau at 4 6 iterpreting Results nnorise enan n etea esas 4 7 Plotting to Find Guesses sseseeeerereiseerererrrrrerreerrerrrenns 4 8 About Variables auna na a a aa 4 11 Contents 2 Statistics Example Finding a Linear Equation to Fit Data 5 2 Entering Statistical Data s cccvacsucscniincmininoeeaames 3 9 OneVanable Data neccecccnrenana oa 5 6 TwWoVariable Data veccdderciosssenad A cctarenuestiverstenmemeunaoens 5 9 Managing Statistical Data ee eeeeeeteeneretees 5 12 Analyzing the Dalai eae dactssesnmetienateeseaeen eae 5 14 Defining a Regression Model 2VAR eccere 5 14 Computing Statistics IVAR and 2VAR 5 16 POME aa a EE E 5 19 PIOC VDE a eE ANS 5 20 Fitting a Curve to 2VAR Data ceeeseeeteeeaeens 5 21 Regression Coefficients 5 21 i Oar 1 ES aaa a A 5 22 Troubleshooting secre eet edad a a n 5 22 Explonne he Pobos aie eeaati na ERO 5 23 Calculating Predicted Values eecescesseeteeeteee 5 24 Using Matrices Creating and Storing Matrices 0 ccc ceescesseesseeeseenee
87. ent cursor position press X Y To turn the coordinate display off again press MENU Zooming One of the menu key options in PLOT is Z00M Zooming redraws the plot on a larger or smaller scale or on a heightened or widened scale It is a shortcut for changing the Plot Setup and it does change those settings With the Set Factors option you can specify the factors that determine the extent of zooming and whether the zoom is centered about the cursor Not all ZOOM options are available in all aplets Plotting and Exploring Functions 313 ZOOM Select an option and press OK Options Center X Zoom In X Zoom Out Y Zoom In Y Zoom Out Square Set Factors Meaning Recenters the plot around the current position of the crosshairs without changing the scale Lets you draw a box to define the zoom boundaries Use the cursor keys to draw the box and press OK to zoom in see below Divides horizontal and vertical scales by the X factor and Y factor in Set Factors below For instance if zoom factors are 4 then zooming in results in 1 4 as many units depicted per pixel Multiplies horizontal and vertical scales by the X factor and Y factor in Set Factors below Divides horizontal scale only using X factor Multiplies horizontal scale only using X factor Divides vertical scale only using Y factor Multiplies vertical scale only using Y factor Changes the vertical
88. enter an expression to define R 6 The only independent variable in the expression is 0 For a Sequence definition enter the first second and nth terms for U U1 or U9 or U0 Define a sequence function in terms of N or of the prior terms UCN 1 and U N 2 The expressions should produce real valued sequences with integer domains Press or OK to enter the expression into the list All checkmarked expressions will be plotted Plotting and Exploring Functions 3 3 Symbolic View Keys Angle Measure Setup EDIT CHK iX TH 0 tN U1 09 U0 W 1 N 2 SHOW EVAL VAR E CHARS GB CLEAR Copies the highlighted expression to the edit line for editing Press OK when done Checks unchecks the current expression or set of expressions Only the checked expression s are evaluated in the Plot and Numeric views Typing aids for the independent variable Or you can use the key on the keyboard Additional typing aids for variables in the Sequence aplet Displays the current expression in standard mathematical form Symbolically evaluates the variables of the current expression Menus for entering variable names contents of variables or math operations Displays special characters To type one place the cursor on it and press OK Deletes the highlighted expression or the current character in the edit line Delete
89. ependent variable must be X Example 1 5 COS X 0 3 SIN X This automatically changes the Fit type S1FIT etc in the Symbolic Setup to User Defined Computing Statistics IVAR and 2VAR After entering your data values Numeric view and defining the data set s Symbolic view you can compute statistics for the checkmarked data set s To compute 1 Press to open the Numeric view Verify that the statistics appropriate 1 VARa or 2VARm menu label is on 2 Press to open the Symbolic view Verify that the data set H or S variable is defined and that the data set s you want to analyze are checkmarked Press CHK to check or uncheck data sets 3 Press STATS You will see a list of computed statistics corresponding to the data set s and statistics type 1VAR or 2VAR you specified Each column of values is computed from a separate checkmarked data set H or S variable 4 When done press OK to return to the Numeric view The computed statistics are defined in the following tables Their values are also stored in variables of the same names You can access a variable by entering its name in Home or by recalling it from the menu press APLET highlight Stat One or Stat Two then select the name of the variable If using the VAR menu in Home the Statistics aplet must be the current last used aplet 5 16 Statistics One Variable Computed Statistics Number of data points Sum
90. er a number It will write over the zero that was inserted 1 In Numeric view put the highlight in the column you want to sort then press SORT 2 Choose Ascending or Descending order 3 Specify the INDEPENDENT and DEPENDENT data columns Sorting is by the independent column For instance if Age is Cl and Income is C2 and you want to sort by Income then you make C2 the independent column for the sorting and C1 the dependent column e Tosort just one column choose None for the dependent column e For one variable statistics with two data columns specify the frequency column as the dependent column 4 Press OK Statistics 5 13 Analyzing the Data First enter your data and define which columns of data make up your data set then compute their statistical values You compute descriptive statistics by pressing the STATS key in the Numeric view For two variable 2VAR statistics you must first define the regression model Defining a Regression Model 2VAR The Symbolic view includes an expression Fit through Fit5 that defines the regression model or fit to use for the regression analysis of each two variable data set To choose the Fit There are three ways to select a regression model Accept the default option to fit the data to a straight line Select one of the available Fit options in Symbolic Setup Enter your own mathematical expression in Symbolic view This expression will b
91. erations 1 3 editing keys 1 5 entry keys 1 5 labels 1 3 Index 7 list keys 7 2 math functions 1 3 menu keys 1 3 Notepad keys 1 24 Symbolic view 3 3 keying in letters 1 2 keys inactive 1 5 Program catalog 8 3 keystrokes shifted 1 2 L labeling parts of a sketch 1 22 LABELS axes 3 19 Labels variable 8 30 last answer 1 10 24 letters keying in 1 2 Library managing aplets in 1 25 Library keys 1 25 LINE 1 21 8 13 linear equations solving systems of 6 8 linear expression testing for 2 26 linear fit 5 15 LINEAR 2 26 list deleting 7 2 variables 7 list element displaying 7 2 list elements maximum of 7 7 mean of 7 7 median of 7 7 minimum of 7 7 number of 7 7 storing 7 1 7 3 7 4 sum of 7 7 list items deleting 7 2 editing 7 2 lists arithmetic with 7 4 calculating product of 7 5 Index 8 calculating sum of elements in 7 5 composed from differences 7 5 concatenating 7 4 counting elements in 7 5 creating 7 1 7 3 7 5 creating in Home 7 3 deleting 7 2 displaying 7 2 editing 7 2 functions 7 4 menu 1 10 returning position of element in 7 5 reversing order in 7 5 sending and receiving 7 3 sorting elements 7 5 statistical values 7 7 storing elements 7 1 7 3 storing one element 7 4 using in expressions 7 6 using to store statistics 5 5 LN 2 15 LNP1 2 20 log natural 2 20 LOG common logarithm 2 15 logarithmic fit 5 15 logarithmic fu
92. es 6 1 Mark AMME ccc Seopa ea ta ties el eo nee 6 6 Solving Systems of Linear Equations eee 6 8 Matris FURNCUONS uiaro r A 6 9 BRAN pe S r ONT 6 13 Using Lists Creating and Stonng Lists senoir ena 7 1 LISP UNCON Soe n AO 7 4 Finding Statistical Values for List Elements 7 7 Contents 3 Programming The Contents of a Program cs 8 1 Structured Programming csceseetsaveesdvctclataczesteaiceoneaee 8 1 Using the Program Catalog 000 0 cei sseeceeeeteereeeeeeneeees 8 1 Programming CommandSasrienuesiimio a 8 9 Ape commands ice sii a NS 8 10 Branch COMMANGS ndani a 8 11 Drawing COMMANS erescniiaainaa o 8 13 Graphic Commands eisirean a e 8 15 Loop Comman S sonner ani 8 17 Matrix Commands eissii erhat ae T 8 18 Pint Commands oaen eee eee 8 20 Prompt Commands senususneni nmaannau 8 21 Stat One and Stat two Commands cece 8 25 Storing and Retrieving Variables in Programs 8 26 The Variable Menu sii ihessentioudaeta enti 8 26 Plot View Variables 0cccccccccsccsssscseesesscseeeesseectseneees 8 28 Symbolic View Variables nnnc 8 35 Numeric View Variables 0 ccccccccceseeseceseenteeteteeenes 8 37 Note V Ara DIES se css nica ea AN 8 39 REICH Variables ainen 2 iialnate tea aed etree 8 39 Menu Maps of the VAR meNU e eee eeeeeeeeeeeee 8 40 Fome Variavles aioa acannon 8 40 Funchon Variables iranan a aras 8 40 Parametric Variables sj ccncccswsecdersisveteaaaceagiccvereeuimanien 8 4 Polar
93. f Hewlett Packard Company except as allowed under the copyright laws The programs that control this product are copyrighted and all rights are reserved Reproduction adaptation or translation of those programs without prior written permission of Hewlett Packard Co is also prohibited Hewlett Packard Co Australian Calculator Operation 347 Burwood Highway Burwood East Victoria 3151 Australia Acknowledgments Hewlett Packard gratefully acknowledges the members of the Education Advisory Committee Walter Bitz Tom Dick Mark Howell Alice Kaseberg Jim McManus Carla Randall Alison Warr and Wade White for their assistance in the development of this product Edition History PGI OU A E E E E EET E ETE January 1998 Contents Getting Started SNE 8 Samy ir aer eR re ar CENCE PT enn ro en En OR 1 EPO OY DOAN npo a E NAA 1 2 TBE DIDI V e E TAE eee aeeke 1 6 Display Modesa ern a A 1 7 SING MI pUL TOMS 24a act a leeds 1 8 Home STO apne eB Pg 1 9 Menu Lists cccccccersersseees eer enter E ET rere 1 10 Aplets and Their Views l 11 PSS Sonitus onddn eases a a eaeaeartiond 1 11 VISWS ee tees es tease hice AA A 1 12 Exploring an Aplet View by View ccceeeeees 1 14 catalogs and EANO corsara aa n 1 16 Storing and Recalling Variables 1 17 Notes and Sketches sccscsessecssessssersansoees R 1 18 Note View and Sketch View csscsccssesresseesees 1 18 Tae NONPA d anak ER 1 23 Ma
94. fect of more advertising on sales Advertising Resulting minutes Sales 5 2 Statistics Select Statistics START Cif necessary use E CLEAR fo clear two data columns Make sure that 2VARw is on for two variable statistics 1VARg 2 3 5 5 4 fo move to next column 1400 920 1100 2265 2890 2200 If necessary a CLEAR fo clear previous definition of S1 Note the default Fit is Linear mx b DEMIT INS SORT Ela jevake s TAT EEE STATISTICS SYMBOLIC VIEH SEK Ce Fiti m x b S2 Fite meX b ENTER INDEPENDENT LENT CHR oe oo LEHOH EVAL Accept the default definition for S1 C1 is the independent data and C2 is the dependent data Select S1 by checkmarking it if it is not already checked ZENS STATISTICS SYMBOLIC VIEL SR Si C2 YFitii m k b S23 Fit2 meX b y ENTER INDEPENDENT LEUT W CHE C fo FROH EVAL VCHK SEW STATISTICS SYMBOLIC SETUP SRE ANGLE MEASURE Eae A aE S1FIT Linear sefiri inear SaFIT Linear sF inear sSFIt Linear CHOOSE ANGLE MEASURE T ED SETUP SYMB This view lets you choose the type of Fit If necessary choose Linear for S1 FIT Statistics 5 3 Find the mean advertising time MEANX the mean sales MEANY and the correlation coefficient CORR for the data fitting a straight line The CORR value indicates how well the linear model fits the data STATS Displays computed statis
95. g Stores a number into a named variable Inserts space into text Displays previous page of the program Displays next page of the program Moves up or down one line Moves right or left one space Alpha lock for letter entry Press A Z to lock lower case Backspaces cursor and deletes character Deletes current character Starts a new line Erases the entire program Menus for entering variable names contents of variables math functions program commands and program constants Displays all non keyboard characters To type one highlight it and press OK or ECHO to type several characters Programming 8 5 To send and receive a program You can send and receive programs to and from another HP 38G or disk drive just as you can send and receive aplets lists matrices and notes 1 Connect the storage device to the calculator by cable or align the two calculators infrared ports by matching up the triangle marks on the rims of the calculators Place the calculators no more than 2 inches 5 cm apart Lied 33 Gs Bh D4 Ta ey HEWLETT PACKAAD 2 Sending calculator Open the Program catalog highlight the program to send and press SEND e You have two options another HP 38G or a disk drive or a computer Highlight your selection and press OK e lf transmitting to a disk drive aplet disk drive or computer you have the options of sending to the current
96. g and retrieving variables in programs e Programming variables The Contents of a Program An HP 38G program contains a sequence of numbers mathematical expressions and commands that execute automatically to perform a task These items are separated by a colon Commands that take multiple arguments have those arguments separated by a semicolon For example PIXON xposition yposition Structured Programming Example Inside a program you can use branching structures to control the execution flow You can take advantage of structured programming by creating building block programs Each building block program stands alone and it can be called in other programs RUN GETVALUE RUN CALCULATE RUN SHOWANSWER This program is separated into three main tasks each an individual program Within each program the task can be simple or it can be divided further into other programs that perform smaller tasks Using the Program Catalog The Program catalog is where you create edit delete send receive or run programs This section describes how to Programming 8 1 Open the Program catalog Enter commands with the Math menu Create a new program Edit a program Send and receive a program Delete a program or its contents Run and debug a program Stop a program Copy a program To open the e Press Hj PROGRAM Program The Program catalog displays a list of program names If catalog you have
97. gular Values Returns a vector containing the singular values of matrix SVL matrix TRACE Finds the trace of a square matrix The trace is equal to the sum of the diagonal elements It is also equal to the sum of the eigenvalues TRACE matrix TRN Transposes matrix For a complex matrix TRN finds the conjugate transpose TRN matrix 6 12 Using Matrices Examples Filling Matrices Identity Matrix Redimension a Matrix Transposing a Matrix You can create and fill a matrix with zeros for the diagonal elements and ones for the off diagonal elements using the MAKEMAT make matrix function For example entering MAKEMAT I J 4 4 creates a 4X4 matrix with ones for all elements except zeros on the diagonal The logical operator returns 0 when I the row number and J the column number are equal and returns 1 when they are not equal You can create an identity matrix with the IDENMAT function For example IDENMAT 2 creates the 2X2 identity matrix 1 0 0 1 Suppose the variable MO is a 2x2 matrix containing 3 4 5 6 The programming command REDIM MO 2 1 would redimension it to a matrix of 2 rowsX1 column 3 4 The command REDIM MO 4 would redimension it to the column vector 3 4 5 6 To see the redimensioned matrix either recall the matrix to the edit line A Z M 0 ENTER or use the Matrix editor ED MATRIX The TRN function swaps the row column and col
98. h The new image becomes part of the current set of sketches e To view the next sketch in an existing set press PAGEV Hold PAGEWV down for animation e To remove the current page in the current sketch series press DEL 1 22 Getting Started To store into a You can define a portion of a sketch inside a box and then graphics store that graphic into a graphics variable variable 1 In the Sketch view display the sketch you want to copy store into a variable 2 Press STOP Highlight the variable name you want to use and press OK 3 Draw a box around the whole screen or around the portion you want to copy move the cursor to one corner press OK then move the cursor to another corner and press OK To recall a 1 Open the Sketch view in the destination aplet hi ee 2 Press HOME Highlight Graphic then press and highlight the name of the variable G1 etc 3 Press VALUE OK to recall the contents of the graphics variable 4 Move the box to where you would like to copy the graphic then press OK The Notepad You can store as many notes as you want in the Notepad ED NOTEPAD These notes are independent of any aplet The Notepad catalog lists the existing entries by name t does not include notes that were created in Note view NOTE MOTE CATALOG ASSOIGHMENTS TO DO PHONE NUMBERS LEGIT NEW SEND REC Getting Started 1 23 To wri
99. hat you can see more of the graph the default values are 3 1 and 3 2 You can leave the other plot settings at their default values FUNCT T SETUP RIS Select Function YRNG i a START YRNG 3 1 5 Make sure the correct function res TREA is highlighted and checked ENTER HORIZONTAL TICK SPACING EB SETUP PLOT EMT o LO PAGET o mes gt 6 times The cursor starts in the center of the X range and a FICH 2 016 GT traces the plot 38 Plotting and Exploring Functions Parametric Example Polar Example Plot the expressions from the previous Parametric example x f 3 sin3t and y f 2 sin4f Before plotting however reset the default plot settings by clearing the Plot Setup view Select Parametric START Make sure the correct function is highlighted and checked ED SETUP PLOT UD CLEAR Plot the expression from the previous Polar example r 2 cos4 Before plotting however reset the default plot settings by clearing the Plot Setup view Select Polar START Make sure the correct function is highlighted and checked Eo SETUP PLOT RICA g ED CLEAR Plotting and Exploring Functions 3 9 Sequence Example Plot the Fibonacci sequence from the previous Sequence example U 1 U 1 andU U_ U__ In Plot Setup first set the SEQPLOT to Stairstep then try a Cobweb plot Reset the default plot settings by clearing the Plot Setup view A Stairstep graph plots n
100. he end of a straightened metal paper clip into the hole until it reaches the bottom Hold it there for 1 second then remove it 2 Press ON If necessary press ON fop row left middle key If the calculator does not respond to the above resetting procedures you might need to restart it by erasing all of memory You will lose everything you have stored All factory default settings are restored 1 Press and hold the key the leftmost top row key and the rightmost top row key simultaneously 2 To cancel this process release only the top row keys then press the eft middle top row key 3 To proceed release all keys Memory Specifications e 32 KB of RAM user memory 512 KB of ROM built in software 98 Reference Information Glossary aplet command expression function Home Library list matrix menu menu keys A small application limited to one topic The built in aplet types are Function Parametric Polar Sequence Solve and Statistics An aplet can be filled with the data and solutions for a specific problem It is reusable like a program but easier to use and it records all your settings and definitions An operation for use in programs Commands can store results in variables but do not display results Arguments are separated by semi colons and no parentheses such as DISP expression line A number variable or algebraic expression numbers plus functions that produces
101. he expression you have in the edit line where the blinking cursor is An expression can contain numbers functions and variables Calculate 23 14 8 3 in45 with these keystrokes 23 Bx 0 14 amp 8 3 MB LN 45 23t 144J8 3 LNC45 L 579 245381391 E aE e a Mathematical Calculations 2 1 Long Results Negative Numbers Scientific Notation Powers of 10 Explicit and Implicit Multiplication Parentheses If the result is too long to fit in the display line press a to highlight it and then press SHOW Type x to start a negative number or to insert a negative sign If a negative number will be raised to a power enclose it in parentheses For example 5 25 whereas 5 25 A number like 5x10 or 3 2110 is written in scientific notation that is in terms of powers of ten This is simpler to work with than 50000 or 0 000000321 To enter numbers like these use EEX This is easier than using 10 x Example 4x10 6x10 Calculate e areas shown 3x10 E EEX 3 EEX 4E S46E2 3E 5 c5 You should include the times sign where you expect multiplication in an expression It is clearest to enter AB as A B and A B C as A B C Implied multiplication takes place when two operands appear with no operator in between If you enter AB for example the result is A B Parentheses are necessary to enclose arguments for functions such as SIN 45
102. her you enter both variables at once as an ordered pair Enter the data pair as x y ENTER This automatically puts x in the current column and y in the column to its right 4 After entering the data values in the Numeric view press to switch to the Symbolic view Statistics 5 9 5 Define the data in a set named S1 through S5 e In the left hand column specify which column of data C1 through C9 CO contains the independent x variable data This specification can be an expression such as C1 C2 ZENS STATISTICS SYMBOLIC VIEH See S13 F ENTER L Ek DEFINED F TTEN AER EdOty Eva independent dependent y x data data e Inthe right hand column specify which column of data holds the dependent y variable data 4 Select the regression model you would like to use for each data set The models are labeled S1FIT through S5SFIT corresponding to S1 through S5 Choose the fit in Symbolic Setup view EB SETUP SYMB If you don t make a selection the default is a linear fit Gee Defining a Regression Model below SEN STATISTICS SYMBDLIC SETUP HSS ANGLE MEASURE Radians SIFT iSe EFT Linear sI inear SdH Linear SAT Linear CHODSE STATISTICS MODEL TYPE EEA CITE E e gt You can define up to five data sets S1 through S5 6 Checkmark the data sets you want to analyze Those data sets with checkmarks will be computed and plotted simultaneously 5 10 Statistics N
103. ic aplet The name of a number list matrix note or graphic that is stored in memory Use STOP to store and use to retrieve A one dimensional array of values separated by commas periods if the Decimal Mark is Comma and enclosed in single brackets Created and manipulated by the Matrix catalog and editor The possible contexts for an aplet Plot Plot Setup Numeric Numeric Setup Symbolic Symbolic Setup Sketch Note and special views like split screens 9 10 Reference Information Selected Status Messages Bad Argument Type Incorrect input for this operation Bad Argument Value The value is out of range for this operation Infinite Result Math exception such as 1 0 Insufficient Memory You must recover some memory to continue operation Delete one or more matrices lists notes or programs using catalogs or custom not built in aplets using 11B Not enough data points for the calculation For two variable statistics there must be two columns of data and each column must have at least four numbers Insufficient Statistics Data Invalid Dimension Array argument had wrong dimensions Invalid Statistics Need two columns with equal numbers of Data data values Invalid Syntax The function or command you entered does not include the proper arguments or order of arguments The delimiters parentheses commas periods and semi c
104. isplay shows the labels for the menu keys current meanings SAVE is the label for the first menu key in this picture Press SAVE means to press the leftmost top row key Math Keys Home press HOME is the place to do calculations e Keyboard keys The most common arithmetic operations are on the keyboard such as the arithmetic like and trigonometric like SIN functions Press ENTER to complete the operation Vx 256 ENTER a displays 16 Getting Started 1 3 MATH menu The menu is a comprehensive menu list of math operations that do not appear on the keyboard It also includes categories for all other functions and programmable commands The functions are grouped by category ranging in alphabetical order from Calculus to Trigonometry a ees MATH FUNCTIONS 2y Fes 4 ICEILING Stat Two DEG RAD Symbolic FLOOR Tests iFHROOT i HTH ePCHOSTCONS ine OF The arrow keys scroll through the list y a and move from the category list to the item list gt Press CANCL to cancel the MATH menu Pressing CMDS displays the list of Program Commands Pressing CONS displays the list of Program Constants Pressing MTH displays the list of Math Functions 14 Getting Started Keys for Entry and Editing Pressing while the calculator is on cancels the current operation Pressing Hj first turns the calculator off CANCEL E
105. le CONCAT L1 L2 An argument can be either a list variable name such as L1 or the actual list data inside braces For example REVERSE 1 2 3 If Decimal Mark in MODES is set to Comma use periods to separate arguments For example CONCAT L1 1L2 List Functions any real Operators like and can take lists as arguments number If there are two arguments and both are lists then the lists operator must have the same length since the calculation pairs up the elements If there are two arguments and one is a real number then the calculation pairs the number with each element of the list list list2 value Ist list value Example V 4 9 16 returns 2 3 4 CONCAT Concatenates two lists into a new list CONCAT list list2 Example CONCAT 1 2 3 4 returns 1 2 3 4 7 4 Using Lists List Operations continued Creates a new list composed of the differences between the sequential elements in ist7 The new list has one fewer elements than list The first differences for x x x are oA KTX ALIST list MAKELIST Calculates a sequence of elements for a new list Evaluates expression with variable from begin to end values taken at increment steps MAKELIST expression variable begin end increment wLIST Calculates the product of all elements in list TLIST list Example TLIST 2 3 4 returns 24 POS The position a
106. locate the receiving antenna radio or television Relocate the calculator with respect to the receiver Consult your dealer or an experienced radio television technician for help This Class B digital apparatus meets all requirements of the Canadian Interference Causing Equipment Regulations Cet appareil num rique de la classe B respecte toutes les exigences du R glement sur le mat riel brouilleur du Canada eerie TT eA ASPET Shr PPT Piss AiAi Reference Information 9 1 Europe DECLARATIONS OF CONFORMITY according to ISOMEC Guide 22 and EN 45014 Hewlett Packard Australia Limited Manufacturer s name Manufacturer s Australian Calculator Operation address 347 Burwood Highway Burwood East Victoria 3141 Australia declares that the following product Product Name Handheld Calculator Model number HP 38G Product options All conforms to the following product specifications Safety IEC 950 1986 A1 A2 EN 60950 1988 A1 A2 EMC CISPR 22 1985 EN 5502 1988 Class B 1 EN 50082 1 1992 IEC 801 2 1991 prEN 55024 2 1992 4kV CD 8kV AD IEC 801 3 1984 prEN 55024 3 1991 3V m IEC 801 4 1988 prEN 55024 4 1992 0 5kV signal lines Supplementary The product herewith complies with the information requirements of the EMC Directive 89 336 EEC 1 The product was tested in a typical configuration with Hewlett Packard personal computer peripherals E
107. lope operation in the Plot FCN menu Function StatPlot Toggles type of 1 variable statistics plot between Histogram or BoxWhisker From Plot Setup select StatPlot then choose Histogram or BoxwWhisker or In a program type 1 STOP statPlot for Histogram default 2 STOP StatPlot for BoxWhisker Statistics eer aaO Programming 8 31 Defines the minimum and maximum independent values Appears as the Orng field in the Plot Setup input form Omin max Polar From the Plot Setup input form enter values for Orng or In a program type n STOP Omin n STOP Omax Defines the step size for an independent variable From the Plot Setup input form enter values for OSTEP or In a program type n STOP Ostep Defines the minimum and maximum independent variable values Appears as the TRNG fields in the Plot Setup input form Tmin Tmax Parametric From Plot Setup enter values for TRNG or In a program type n STOP Tmin n STOP Tmax Tracing Turns Tracing mode on or off in Plot view In a program type All Aplets 1 STOP Tracing to turn Tracing mode on default 0 STOP Tracing to turn Tracing mode off Defines the step size for an independent variable Tstep From the Plot Setup input form enter values for TSTEP or In a program type n STOP Tstep Para
108. m the solution is the vector of variables as shown below Constants Coefficients Matrix Variables Vector Vector resul R kpk a b c ad e f g 40 x y z The coefficient matrix must be square the number of coefficients per equation equals the number of equations 1 In Home enter the constants vector or the name of a stored constants vector M1 M9 MO This must be a vector which has a single set of brackets not a matrix which has multiple sets of brackets 2 Press 7 3 Enter the coefficients matrix or the name of a stored square coefficients matrix M1 M9 MO 4 Press ENTER The resulting variables vector is displayed Find all x y z satisfying 2x 3y 4z 6 yEy 4x y 2z 6 The constants vector is 6 0 6 The coefficients matrix is 2 3 4 1 1 1 4 1 2 The solution for this system of linear equations that is constants vector divided by coefficients matrix is 1 0 1 6 8 Using Matrices ET aP 61 002 3 T Tai a A D A i 4 1 El ie ee ee eee ee To see the full input expression first copy it to the edit line press a a COPY then press gt to scroll through the expression Matrix Functions Functions Commands Argument Conventions There are two categories of matrix operations functions and commands The matrix functions are given in the following table The matrix commands are for programming they appear in chapter 8 Programming
109. m factor is 4 Sets the vertical zoom factor From Plot ZOOM Set Factors enter the value for YZOOM or In a program type n STOP YZ0om default zoom factor is 4 Yzoom All Aplets 8 34 Programming Symbolic View Variables The following aplet variables are available in Symbolic View Angle All Aplets Sets the angle mode From Symbolic Setup choose Degrees Radians or Grads for angle measure or In a program type 1 STOP Angle for Degrees 2 STOP Angle for Radians default 3 STOP Angle for Grads F1 F9 FO Function Can contain any expression Independent variable is X Example SIN X STOP F1 X In the above example you must put single quotes around the expression to keep it from being evaluated before it is stored Use W CHARS to type the single quote mark Can contain any expression Independent variable is T X1 Y1 X9 Y9 X0 Y0 Parametric Example SIN 4 T STOP Y1 T 2 SIN 6 T STOP X1 T R1 R9 RO Polar Can contain any expression Independent variable is Example 2 SIN 2 6 STOP R1 6 U1 U9 U0 Sequence Can contain any expression Independent variable is N Example RECUSE U U N 1 N 1 2 STOP U1 N Programming 8 35 E1 E9 EO Solve S1fit S5fit Statistics Can contain any equation or expressio
110. mation is made based on the curve that has been calculated to fit the data according to the specified fit To find 1 In Plot view calculate the Fit regression curve for the predicted data set values e In Symbolic view your data set S variable must be defined and checkmarked In Symbolic Setup the fit type must be set e In Plot view press FIT to turn on FITm and calculate the regression curve If FITm is already on press it twice to make it the current regression equation 2 In Home enter PREDX y value to find the predicted estimated value for the independent variable given a hypothetical dependent value e Enter PREDY x value to find the predicted value of the dependent variable given a hypothetical independent variable e You can type PREDX and PREDY using the Alpha shift or you can copy these function names from the MATH menu under the Stat Two category 5 24 Statistics Using Matrices Vectors Matrices Matrix Variables You can do matrix calculations in Home and in programs The matrix and each row of a matrix appear in brackets and the elements and rows are separated by commas such as Ilara 4 e576 j tor i 23 4 5 6 if the Decimal Mark in MODES is set to Comma then the separators are periods Vectors are one dimensional arrays They are composed of just one row or one column In this calculator a vector is represented with single brackets for example 1 2 3
111. matrix ES CLEAR Clears all matrices 9 y or a Moves to the end or the beginning of the catalog Keys EDIT Copies the highlighted element into the edit line INS Inserts a row of zeros above or a column of zeros to the left of the highlighted cell You choose row or column co A three way toggle for cursor advancement in the Matrix editor G0 advances to the right GO advances downward and GO does not advance at all BIG Switches between larger and smaller type sizes DEL Deletes the row or column you choose currently highlighted E CLEAR cursor key Moves to the first or last row or column Clears all elements from the matrix Using Matrices 6 3 To display a matrix To display one element To delete a matrix To delete all matrices To delete a row or column To transmit a matrix e Inthe Matrix catalog E8 MATRIX highlight the matrix name and press EDIT e In Home enter the name of the matrix variable and press ENTER In Home enter matrixname row column For example if M2 is 3 4 5 6 then M2 1 2 returns 4 In the Matrix catalog E8 MATRIX highlight the matrix to delete and press DEL The name remains The matrix is redimensioned to 1 X1 with a zero element In the Matrix catalog 8 MATRIX press CLEAR Pressing clears one row or column in a matrix Y
112. matrix You enter the values as a vector The values must be separated by commas and the number of values must be the same as the number of rows in the matrix name ADDCOL name value column_number ADDCOL value Jj ADDROW Add Row Inserts values into a row before row_number in the specified matrix You enter the values as a vector The values must be separated by commas and the number of values must be the same as the number of columns in the matrix name ADDROW name value value row_number DELCOL Delete Column Deletes the specified column from the specified matrix DELCOL name column_number Delete Row Deletes the specified row from the specified matrix DELROW name row_number EDITMAT Starts the Matrix Editor and displays the specified matrix Returns to the program when user presses OK EDITMAT name Example EDITMAT M1 Starts the Matrix Editor on matrix M1 8 EMT INS GOs EG ok 8 18 Programming RANDMAT REPLACE SCALEADD Creates random matrix with number of rows and columns you specify in rows columns and stores the result in name name must be MO M9 The entries will be integers ranging from 9 to 9 RANDMAT name rows columns Example RANDMAT M2 3 4 EDITMAT M2 Creates a Matrix in M2 with 3 rows and 4 columns then starts the Matrix Editor and displays matrix M2 gt EWT ee eee Nooo Redime
113. meric view NUM Highlight the independent variable in the Numeric view Press VIEWS and select Auto Scale OK to plot the equation s Autoscaling usually gives you the best plot in Solve 4 6 Solve Interpreting Results Sign Reversal Extremum Message Bad Guess es Constant After Solve has returned a solution press INFO in the Numeric view for more information You will see one of the following three messages Press OK to clear the message Condition The Solve aplet found a point where the value of the equation or the root of the expression is zero within the calculator s 12 digit accuracy Solve found two points where the value of the equation has opposite signs but it cannot find a point in between where the value is zero This might be because either the two points are neighbors they differ by one in the twelfth digit or the equation is not real valued between the two points Solve returns the point where the value is closer to zero If the value of the equation is a continuous real function this point is Solve s best approximation of an actual root Solve found a point where the value of the equation approximates a local minimum for positive values or maximum for negative values This point may or may not be a root Or Solve stopped searching at 9 99999999999E499 the largest number the calculator can represent If Solve could not find a solution you will see one of the
114. metric 8 32 Programming Xcross Defines the horizontal coordinate of crosshairs Only works with TRACE off All Aplets In a program type n STOP Xcross Ycross Defines the vertical coordinate of crosshairs Only works with TRACE off All Aplets In a program type n STOP ycross Xtick Defines the distance between tick marks for the horizontal axis All Aplets From the Plot Setup input form enter a value for Xtick or In a program type n STOP Xtick Ytick Defines the distance between tick marks for the vertical axis All Aplets From the Plot Setup input form enter a value for Ytick or In a program type n sToP Ytick Amin Xmax Defines the minimum and maximum horizontal values of the plot screen Appears as the XRNG fields horizontal range in All Aplets the Plot Setup input form From Plot Setup enter values for XRNG or In a program type n stTo Xmin n sToP Xmax REN ee ee eee Programming 8 33 Defines the minimum and maximum vertical values of the plot screen Appears as the YRNG fields vertical range in the Plot Setup input form Ymin Ymax All Aplets From Plot Setup enter the values for YRNG or In a program type n sToP Ymin n sto Ymax Sets the horizontal zoom factor From Plot ZOOM Set Factors enter the value for XZ00M or In a program type Xzoom All Aplets n STOP xzoom default zoo
115. n ndependent variable is selected by highlighting it in Numeric View Example X Y X 2 Y STOP E1 Defines the type of fit to be used by the FIT operation in Statistics two variable Plot view You set the type in Symbolic setup as follows Linear LogFit ExpFit Power QuadFit Cubic Logist User defined Example CUBIC STOP s2fit 8 36 Programming Numeric View Variables The following aplet variables are available in Numeric View C1 C9 CO CO through C9 and CO for columns of data Can contain lists Statistics Digits Number of decimal places to use for Number format From Solve Numeric_Setup enter a value in the second field of All Aplets Number Format or In a program type n STOP Digits where0 lt n lt 11 Format All Aplets Defines the number display format From Solve Numeric_Setup choose Standard Fixed Scientific Engineering or Fraction in the Number Format field or In a program type 1 STOP Format for Standard 2 STOP Format for Fixed 3 STOP Format for Scientific 4 STO Format for Engineering 5 STOP Format for Fraction NumCol All Aplets Defines the highlighted column in Numeric view In a program type i n STOP Numcol NumFont Toggles the font size in Numeric view Does not appear in the Num Setup input form Corresponds to the BIG key in Numeric view Function
116. n initial guess is especially important in the case of a repeating non linear curve that could have more than one solution e Plot the equation to help you select an initial guess when you don t know in which range to look for the solution You can change the number format for the Solve aplet in the Numeric Setup view The options are the same as in Home MODES Standard Fixed Scientific and Engineering For the latter three you also specify how many digits of accuracy you want See Display Modes in chapter 1 for more information You might find it handy to set a different number format for the Solve aplet if for example you define equations to solve for the time value of money A Number Format of Fixed 2 would be appropriate in this case to handle monetary values Solve 4 5 Plotting the Equation A plot shows you graphically where the solution s must be To plot an equation If If you defined an expression then the solution root is where the graph intersects the x axis If you defined an equation then there are two graphs one for each side of the equation The solution is where the two graphs intersect If one side of the equation is constant then one of the graphs will be a straight line Define the equation to solve in the Symbolic view SYMB If the equation uses trigonometric functions set the angle measure in Symbolic Setup view SETUP SYMB Enter the known variables in the Nu
117. n t created any programs the only name you ll see is Editline Editline contains the last expression that you entered from the edit line in HOME or the last data you entered in an input form If you press ENTER from HOME without entering any data the HP 38G nuns to contents of Editline ae PROGRAM CATALOG Editline is Editline oc a built in program EGIT CRER TEs Program catalog keys 82 Programming Program catalog keys To create a new program Before starting to work with programs you should take a few minutes to become familiar with the Program catalog keys You can use any of the following keys both menu and keyboard to perform tasks in the Program catalog Opens the highlighted program for editing EDIT NEW Prompts for a new program name then opens an empty program SEND Transmits the highlighted program from another HP 38G or from a disk drive Receives the highlighted program to another HP 38G or to a disk drive RECV RUN E y or 4 Runs the highlighted program Moves to the end or the beginning of the Program catalog DEL E CLEAR Delete the highlighted program Deletes all programs in the Program catalog 1 Press 3 PROGRAM to open the Program catalog 2 Press NEW The HP 38G prompts you for a file name Name ENTER NAME FOR NEW PROGRAM Ze ee eee cbel Dk A program name can contain sp
118. n the calculation for each element substitutes the current row number for I and the current column number for J MAKEMAT expression rows columns Example MAKEMAT 0 3 3 returns a3X3 zero matrix 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 QR OR Factorization Factors an mxn matrix into three matrices mxXm orthogonal mxXn uppertrapezoidal nxn permutation OR matrix RANK Rank an integer of a rectangular matrix RANK matrix ROWNORM Row Norm Finds the maximum value over all rows of the sums of the absolute values of all elements in a row ROWNORM matrix RREF Reduced Row Echelon Changes a rectangular matrix to its reduced row echelon form RREF matrix Using Matrices 6 11 Matrix Functions continued Schur Decomposition Factors a square matrix into two matrices If matrix is real then the result is orthogonal upper quasi triangular If matrix is complex then the result is unitary upper triangular SCHUR matrix SIZE Dimensions of matrix Returned as a list rows columns SIZE matrix SPECNORM Spectral Norm of the specified array SPECNORM matrix SPECRAD Spectral Radius of a square matrix SPECRAD matrix SVD Singular Value Decomposition Factors an m Xn matrix into two matrices and a vector mxm square orthogonal nxn square orthogonal real SVD matrix SVL Sin
119. naging Aplels siria AANA 1 25 Sending and Receiving Aplets s es 1 27 Mathematical Calculations How to Do Calculations o cecascscicieicasink dielokacsee 2 Entering EX PYCSSiIONS einai a ieee 2 1 Complies NUMDETS cananea a ENa 2 4 Clearing Num DEIS oaaae S 2 4 Using Previous Results sitio eae cu drsredatesadines 2 4 Sorne M Vana bless ect oiatiicaneaianiaauatoauui 2 6 TREVAR MENU caa 2 7 Symbolic Calculations wiles 0 teccsisic see sacar Messssercgassass 2 10 Using Math Functions vic icniiiiiininl tan one aean 2 12 TG MATT MOA sur lee a eiseahaceniaes 2 12 The Math Functions by Category cece 2 13 Contents Plotting and Exploring Functions Defining a Problem mannen n e A aN 3 1 Selectan ADe eR fe rc a 3 2 Define an Expression Symbolic View sssr 3 2 Evaluating Expressions i essccinci insane iesenees 3 5 Examples Defining Expressions 0 cece 3 6 Ploti scieviesdecsescu tctrovinastaucernteonseds ora hand natinccape A 3 7 Plot the Expression Plot View 3 7 Examples PIOUING sarisaring dn EA 3 8 Exploring the Plotis ostnnen i na A eneeeget oes 3 11 VACHS or ere ah ea EN 3 12 DOMAINS esis Saori acta Seas icteric 3 13 Other Views for Scaling and Splitting the Graph 3 16 Setting Up the Plot Plot Setup ciceiestsesstassssetinnnscawan 3 18 Interactive Root Finding seseseessereererererrrerererrerrnern 3 19 Examples Root Finding with Plots 3 21 Using a Table of NUMDEeYS 000 eects ee erste eeen
120. nctions 2 15 logistic fit 5 15 Loop commands BREAK 8 17 DO UNTIL END 8 17 FOR I 8 17 WHILE REPEAT END 8 17 loop functions 2 2 low battery 1 2 lowercase letters 1 2 LQ factorization 6 11 LSQ least squares 6 1 LU decomposition of a square 6 11 M MAKEGROB 8 15 MAKELIST 7 5 MAKEMAT make matrix 6 11 MANT mantissa 2 24 mantissa 2 6 MATEDIT Matrix Editor 8 22 math functions selecting 2 13 math keyboard operations 2 16 MATH menu 1 4 2 13 structure of 2 13 math operations 2 1 enclosing arguments 2 2 in scientific notation 2 2 negative numbers in 2 2 matrices adding columns 818 arithmetic operations in 66 assembly from vectors 61 creating 6 2 creating random amp 19 dividing by a square matrix 6 7 editing 6 3 8 18 inverting 6 7 multiplying 6 7 multiplying by a vector 6 7 negating elements 6 7 redimensioning 8 19 sending and receiving 6 4 storing elements 6 2 matrix commands 6 9 creating in Home 65 deleting 6 4 displaying 6 4 functions 6 9 6 10 variables 6 1 Matrix commands ADDCOL 8 18 ADDROW 8 18 DELCOL 8 18 DELROW 8 18 EDITMAT 8 18 RANDMAT 8 19 REDIM 8 19 REPLACE 8 19 SCALE 8 19 SCALEADD 8 19 SUB 8 20 SWAPCOL 8 20 SWAPROW 8 20 matrix element displaying 6 4 storing one 6 5 matrix elements storing 6 2 6 5 matrix functions ROWNORM row norm 611 matrix row column deleting 6 4 matrix size 6 12 MAX maximum 2 25 MAX
121. nctions and with some real number and keyboard functions Enter complex numbers in the form x y where x is the real part and y is the imaginary part Argument Finds the angle defined by a complex number Inputs and outputs use the current angle format in Modes ARG 1 6 Complex conjugate Conjugation is the negation sign reversal of the imaginary part of a complex number CONJ xy Imaginary part y of a complex number x y IM Y Real part x of a complex number x y RE y Mathematical Calculations 2 17 Constants MINREAL The HP 38G has an internal numeric representation for these constants Natural logarithm base Internally represented as 2 71828182846 e Imaginary value for E the complex number 0 1 1 Maximum real number Internally represented as 9 99999999999 x 10 MAXREAL Minimum real number Internally represented as 1x10 MINREAL The ratio perimeter diameter Internally represented as 3 14159265359 T 2 18 Mathematical Calculations Hyperbolic Trigonometry ACOSH ALOG ASINH ATANH COSH SINH TANH EXP EXPM1 LNP1 The hyperbolic trigonometry functions can also take complex numbers as arguments Inverse hyperbolic cosine cosh x ACOSH value Antilogarithm exponential This is more accurate than 10 x due to limitations of the power function ALOG value Inverse hyperbolic sine sinh x ASINH value
122. nd a mathematical function to explore like y mx b General Steps i From the Library LIB open the aplet you want This determines the type of function you can enter and plot In the Symbolic view SYMB enter or select an expression Check the angle units in the Symbolic Setup ED SETUP SYMB In the Plot view PLOT display the graph There are menu keys to explore by tracing and zooming Optional Specify graph settings in the Plot Setup E8 SETUP PLOT Explore a table of numeric values in the Numeric view NUM Optional specify table settings in the Numeric Setup E SETUP NUM All information is automatically stored until you change it To preserve the complete aplet as you have set it up use the Library to name and save the aplet chapter 1 Plotting and Exploring Functions 3 1 Select an Aplet Select the aplet appropriate to your problem Open the Library 16 highlight the name of an aplet and press START or ENTER e Function This aplet can define rectangular equations of the form y f x e Parametric This aplet can define parametric expressions which define equations over time t They take the forms x f and y g f e Polar This aplet can define polar expressions which graph equations in terms of an angle 6 e Sequence This aplet can define sequence functions which are defined in terms of n or in terms of the previous terms in the se
123. ndependent variable to unit Starts at zero Shortcut to changing NUMSTEP Integer Changes intervals for independent variable to 7 24 radian or 7 5 degrees or 8 grads Starts at zero Trig Returns the display to the previous zoom The display on the right is a Zoom In of the display on the left 3 24 Plotting and Exploring Functions Splitting the Screen The Split Screen view gives you two simultaneous views 1 In the Symbolic view of the appropriate aplet make sure the function s you want are checkmarked 2 Press VIEWS Select Plot Table and press OK 3 The and gt cursor keys move the crosshairs along the plot the view of the table adjusts itself The a and cursor keys move the crosshairs from one graph to another 4 To return to a full Numeric or Plot view press or PLoT Setting Up the Table Numeric Setup To reset settings Press 3 SETUP NUM to define any of the settings shown in the table below To reset the default values for all table settings press fj CLEAR 1 Use the arrow keys to move from field to field Highlight the field to edit o If there is a number to enter type it in and press or OK To modify an existing number press EDIT e If there is an option to choose press CHOOS highlight your choice and press or OK e Shortcut Press the PLOT gt menu key to copy values from the Plot Setup into N
124. ng 3 16 setting up 3 18 split screen view 3 17 tracing 3 8 undefined points 3 8 Plot Table 3 16 plotting BoxWhisker 8 31 equations 4 6 histogram 8 31 in Solve aplet 4 8 Solve equations 4 6 statistical data 5 19 types of plots 3 1 plotting intervals 3 18 plotting marks statistics 5 4 5 8 5 22 plotting parameters statistics 5 22 plotting resolution 3 18 and tracing 3 12 Plot View variables rng 8 32 Ostep 8 32 Area 8 28 Connect 8 28 Coord 8 28 Extremum 8 29 FastRes 8 29 Function 8 28 Grid 8 29 Hmin Hmax 8 29 Hwidth 8 29 InvCross 8 30 Isect 8 30 Labels 8 30 Nmin Nmax 8 30 Recenter 8 30 Root 8 30 Simark SSmark 8 31 SeqPlot 8 31 Simult 8 31 Slope 831 StatPlot 8 31 Tracing 8 29 polar aplet 1 11 Polar definition 3 3 polar example 3 7 3 9 polar plotting defined 3 2 examples 3 32 Polar variables Axes 8 28 Connect 8 28 Coord 8 28 Grid 8 29 Indep 8 29 InvCross 8 30 Labels 8 30 Recenter 8 30 Simult 8 31 Trace 832 Xcross 8 33 Ycross 8 33 POLYCOEF 2 22 POLYEVAL 2 22 POLYFORM 2 22 polynomial functions 2 22 Index 11 POLYROOT 2 22 POS 7 5 power 1 2 saving with automatic turn off 1 2 power fit 5 15 power function 2 16 PRDISPLAY 8 20 precision numeric 2 6 predicted values statistical 5 24 PRHISTORY 8 20 Print commands PRDISPLAY 8 20 PRHISTORY 8 20 PRVAR 8 20 printing display 8 20 notes 8 20 program 8 20 stack history 8
125. ns plotting 4 6 initial guesses 4 5 roots 4 6 setting number format 4 5 solutions 4 6 Solve aplet 4 1 displaying root finder 4 8 interpreting intermediate guesses 4 8 interpreting results 4 7 messages 4 7 plotting to find guesses 4 8 solving for an unknown 44 Solve equations combining 4 2 Solve variables Axes 8 28 combining 4 2 Index 14 Connect 8 28 Coord 8 28 FastRes 8 29 Grid 8 29 Indep 8 29 InvCross 8 30 Labels 8 30 Recenter 8 30 Simult 8 31 Trace 8 32 Xcross 8 33 Ycross 8 33 solving equations 4 2 for the unknown variable 44 quadratic equations 2 26 SORT 7 5 in Statistics 5 11 sorting 1 26 build your own table 3 27 elements in a list 7 5 in alphabetic order 1 26 in chronological order 1 26 SPECNORM 6 12 SPECRAD 6 12 spectral norm matrix 6 12 spectral radius matrix 6 12 speed search 1 11 square 2 16 square root 2 16 sequence method 3 33 SSDEV 5 17 stack history printing 8 20 stairstep graphs 3 2 3 10 Standard format 1 7 Statisitics variables Indep 8 29 statistical regression 5 10 statistical analysis example 5 2 statistical data columns of 5 5 computed 5 16 defining 5 6 5 9 deleting 5 13 dependent 5 10 editing 5 13 entering 5 6 5 9 independent 5 10 inserting 5 13 minimum 5 5 one variable 5 7 order of 5 13 plotting 5 19 saving 5 12 sorting 5 13 stored in data sets 8 37 storing from lists 5 5 two vari
126. nsions the specified matrix to size For a matrix size is a list of two integers n n2 For a vector size is a list containing one integer n REDIM name size Replaces portion of matrix or vector stored in name with another starting at position start Start for a matrix is a list containing two numbers for a vector it is a single number Replace also works for lists and graphics REPLACE name start object Multiplies the specified row_number of the specified matrix by value SCALE name value row_number Multiplies the first specified row of the matrix in name by value then adds this result to the second specified row and stores the result in name SCALEADD name value rowl row2 Programming 8 19 Extracts a sub objecf a portion of a list matrix or graphic from object and stores it into name Start and end are each specified using a list with two numbers for matrix using a number for vector or lists or using x y for graphics SUB name object start end SWAPCOL Swap Columns Exchanges column and column2 of the specified matrix SWAPCOL name columni column2 SWAPROW _ Swap Rows Exchanges rowland row2 in the specified matrix SWAPROW name rowl row2 Print Commands These commands print to an HP infrared printer PRDISPLAY Prints the contents of the display PRDISPLAY PRHISTORY Prints all objects in the stack history PRHISTORY Prints name and contents of variable_name PRVAR
127. nter R numbers into a F1 entries are the X column 485 generated n automatically The defining K 1 expression LEGIT IMS Z0kT EIG DEF ej for F1 326 Plotting and Exploring Functions To clear data Press CLEAR to erase the data from a table Build Your Meaning Own Keys EDIT Puts the highlighted independent value X T O or N into the edit line After you edit the number press ENTER INS Inserts a row of zero values at the position of the highlight Replace the zero by typing the number you want and pressing ENTER SORT Automatically rearranges the left hand column into values in ascending getting larger or descending getting smaller order BIG Toggles between two character sizes DEFN Displays the defining function expression for the highlighted column DEL Deletes the highlighted row E CLEAR Clears all data from the table Plotting and Exploring Functions 3 27 More Examples Function Plot the circle x y 13 Rearrange the equation to Example y t 1 3 This must be entered as two expressions y 13 x and y 13 x SS FUNCTION SYMBOLIC VIEH See Select Function oP eae SYMB F2C4 J 13 x 2 13 3 20 TEE FOCK 13 x HSCS a O TT 20 SSIS FUNCTION PLOT SETUP SSS iB SETUP PLOT m at oT in Check that the Plot settings E are the defaults if not press Faster MINIMUM HORIZONTAL VALUE EN CLEAR
128. ntry Displays previous page of the note Displays next page of the note Alpha lock for letter entry Lower case Alpha lock Backspaces cursor and deletes character Deletes current character Starts a new line Erases the entire note Menu for entering variable names and contents of variables Menu for entering math operations program commands and constant names Displays special characters To type one highlight it and press ECHO Pressing OK copies the character and closes the CHARS screen You can import a note from the Notepad into an aplet s Note view and vice versa 1 Open the destination note in the Notepad or in the Note view of an aplet 2 Press VAR e Ifthe source note is in the Notepad press HOME highlight Not epad in the left hand list then highlight the name of the source note in the right hand list e Ifthe source note is part of the current aplet press APLET highlight Note in the left hand list then press gt and highlight NoteText in the right hand list 3 Press VALUE OK to recall the contents of the source note into the destination note Getting Started 1 19 Sketch Keys To draw a sketch Meaning STOP Stores the specified portion of the current sketch to a graphics variable G1 through GO NEWP Adds a new blank page to the current sketch set amp PAGE Displays previous sketch in the sketch set Animates if held d
129. number of an element within a list The element can be a value a variable or an expression POS list element REVERSE Reverses order of elements in list into a new list REVERSE list SIZE Number of elements in a list SIZE list LIST Calculates the sum of all elements in list XS LIST list Example 2LIST 2 3 4 returns 9 SORT Sorts elements in ascending order SORT list Using Lists 7 5 Using Lists in Expressions Generating a Series Example Finding First Differences Example You can use a list name or the explicit list in an expression using any of the real number functions Press ENTER to evaluate the expression MOiO203 38 0 STOD A Z L 2 ENTER 5 186 153 5 A Z L 2 ENTER EITA Ee ee ee Pee A The MAKELIST operation generates a series by automatically producing a list from the repeated evaluation of an expression In Home generate a list of squares from 23 to 27 using the expression A Copy MAKELIST from the MATH menu The syntax Is MAKELIST expression variable begin end increment L gt dr Sorreseeenreneeeeeeeen Select MAKELIST OK MAKELISTCA2 A 22 27 13 KJAM ORDA 529 576 625 6765 7293 23 2701 i PSTOb Do pees eee De Finding the first differences is a way of finding the rate of change in a series of values In Home or in a program the ALIST operation finds the first differences In the List catalog or in
130. number of columns of the first matrix must equal the number of rows of the second matrix Assume that M1 still contains 1 2 3 4 and M2 still contains 5 6 7 8 EVE S AZM H AZM fe 3 41 5 611 mi Mz 19 221 L43 561 EAE ee ee The result has the same number of rows as the first matrix and the same number of columns as the second matrix To multiply a matrix by a vector enter the matrix first then the vector The number of elements in the vector must equal the number of columns in the matrix For division of a matrix or a vector by a square matrix the number of rows of the dividend or the number of elements if it is a vector must equal the number of rows in the divisor Assume that M1 still contains 1 2 3 4 and M2 still contains 5 6 7 8 KAM 7 AM2 JE a Pe 501 CLS 41l C 4 311 eae es ee Ee ee A The result is M27 M1 You can invert a square matrix in Home by typing the matrix or its variable name and pressing B x ENTER Or you can enter INVERSE matrixname in Home You can change the sign of each element in a matrix by pressing before the matrix name Using Matrices 6 7 Solving Systems of Linear Equations To solve linear equations Example Remember that a system of equations can be represented by a matrix equation Equation Form Matrix Form ax by cz k a b cix k dx ey fz k de fiyl tk gx hy iz k g h ilz k Using the matrix for
131. olons must also be correct Look up the function name in the index to find its proper syntax Name Conflict The where function attempted to assign a value to the variable of integration or summation index No Equations Checked You must enter and check an equation Symbolic view before evaluating this function OFF SCREEN Function value root extremum or intersection is not visible in the current screen Receive Error Problem with data reception from another calculator Re send the data Reference Information 9 11 Selected Status Messages continued Too Few Arguments Undefined Name Undefined Result Out of Memory The command requires more arguments than you supplied The global variable named does not exist The calculation has a mathematically undefined result such as 0 0 You must recover a lot of memory to continue operation Delete one or more matrices lists notes or programs using catalogs or custom not built in aplets using 11B 9 12 Reference Information Index Special Characters ar 2 16 at constant 2 19 aLIST 7 5 derivative 2 12 2 17 f Gntegral 2 12 2 17 lt logical test 2 27 A warning 1 5 annunciator alpha 1 6 8 annunciator busy 1 6 A annunciator stack history 1 6 key shift 1 2 V 2 16 lt j annunciator shift 1 6 annunciator data transfer 1 6 v CHK in Statistics 5 12 ALI
132. ome variables 1 18 2 8 accessing 2 9 retrieving 8 26 horizontal zoom 8 34 HRNG 5 22 8 29 HWIDTH 5 19 5 20 5 22 Hwidth variable 8 29 hyperbolic functions 2 20 I i constant 2 19 IF THEN ELSE END 8 11 IFERR THEN ELSE 8 12 IFTE 2 27 IM 2 18 imaginary part 2 18 implied multiplication 2 2 importing notes 1 19 increasing display contrast 1 6 indefinite integration 2 12 Indep variable defined for Tracing mode 8 29 independent values adding to table 3 23 independent variable defining step size 8 32 statistical 5 10 infinite result 9 11 infrared transmission of aplets between machines 1 27 initial guess Solve 4 5 input 8 23 last 2 5 input forms 1 10 editing fields 1 8 resetting default values 1 9 setting Display with 1 7 setting Modes 1 8 INS in Statistics 5 11 insufficient memory 9 11 insufficient statistics data 11 INT integer part 2 24 integer rank matrix 6 11 Integer scaling 3 16 integration 2 12 interpreting intermediate guesses 4 8 interrupting plotting 3 7 intersection interactive 3 20 INV CROSS plotting 3 19 invalid dimension 911 invalid statistics data 9 11 invalid syntax 9 11 InvCross variable 8 30 inverse 6 10 complex 2 16 multiplicative 2 16 inverse hyperbolic functions 2 20 inverting matrices 6 7 Isect variable 8 30 ISOLATE 2 26 isolating variables 2 26 ITERATE 2 21 K keyboard alpha 1 2 arithmetic op
133. on of 99 Function aplet 1 11 function composition 2 13 Function definition 3 3 Function example 3 6 3 8 function plotting defined 3 2 examples 3 28 Function variables Area 8 28 Axes 8 28 Connect 8 28 Coord 8 28 Extremum 8 29 FastRes 8 29 Grid 8 29 Indep 8 29 InvCross 8 30 Isect 8 30 Labels 8 30 Recenter 8 30 Root 830 Simult 8 31 Slope 8 31 Trace 8 32 Xcross 8 33 Ycross 833 functions See math functions entering 2 1 G gamma function 2 23 generating random number 8 25 GETKEY 8 22 glossary 9 9 GRAD annunciator grads mode 1 6 Grads format 2 15 Graphic commands DISPLAY 8 15 GROB 8 15 GROBNOT 8 15 GROBOR 8 15 GROBXOR 8 15 MAKEGROB 8 15 PLOT 816 REPLACE 8 16 SUB 8 16 ZEROGROB 8 16 graphics drawing 1 20 recalling 1 23 storing 1 23 graphics entry 1 18 graphics variable storing and recalling 1 23 graphing See plotting GRID plotting 3 19 Grid variable 8 29 GROB 8 15 GROBNOT 8 15 GROBOR 815 H H1 HO 5 7 hardware service 9 5 histogram 5 20 histogram bars Ter aerate AA rrr A e Index 6 setting min max values for 8 29 histogram range 5 22 histogram variable 5 7 histogram width 5 22 histograms 5 19 adjusting 5 19 plotting limit 5 7 Historgram plot 831 history See stack history Home 1 9 Hmax 829 Hmin 8 29 HMS 2 24 Home 1 2 calculating in 2 1 Home display 1 9 reusing lines 1 9 HOME menu key 2 8 2 11 H
134. on the horizontal axis and U on the vertical axis e A Cobweb graph plots U _ on the horizontal axis and U on the vertical axis SEQUENCE PLUT SETUP Select Sequence START Make sure the correct function is highlighted and checked CHOOSE SEQUENCE PLOT TYPE E9 SETUP PLOT E CLEAR e00hM tet Now set SEQPLOT to Cobweb and see the difference ES SETUP PLOT CHOOS Select Cobweb PLOT eoorfinncss 19 1 DEEN IMENU 3 10 Plotting and Exploring Functions Exploring the Plot Plot view press or 8 VIEWS gives you a selection of menu keys to explore a graph further for the checkmarked expressions in the Symbolic view The options vary from aplet to aplet PLOT View Keys Meaning Erases the plot EE CLEAR Ea VIEWS Offers additional pre defined views for splitting the screen and for scaling zooming the axes W 4 m gt Z00M Moves cursor to far left or far right Displays ZOOM menu list TRACE Turns Trace mode on off The appears when Trace mode is on TRAC X Y Displays the cursor s coordinate position Press MENU to restore the menu FCN Function aplet only Turns on menu list for root finding functions see Interactive Root Finding later in this chapter DEFN Displays the current defining expression Press MENU to restore the menu MEN
135. ons checkmarked then you will be asked to choose the second expression from a list that includes the x axis Select a starting point then move the cursor to shade a region between the curve and the x axis or another curve and between the starting point and the current position The shaded region will be between the two curves The Area is the signed value of the shaded area Areas below the x axis are negative The result is saved in a variable named Area Select Intersection to find the intersection of two graphs nearest the crosshairs You need to have at least two selected expressions in Symbolic view Displays the coordinate values and moves the crosshairs to the intersection Uses Solve function The resulting x value is saved in a variable named Isect 3 20 Plotting and Exploring Functions Examples Root Finding with Plots ROOT EXTREMUM SLOPE These examples of the interactive root finding operations use the expression f x x 1 in the Function aplet with default plot settings SESS FUNCTION SYMBOLIC EW SISS FLO e ats A Select the Function aplet Focus x A 21 R ta p VERTA CHE empl TRH EYAL E SETUP PLOT E CLEAR Fo MENU FCN Select Root OK ROOT 2 The crosshairs started at 0 1 The root nearest the crosshairs is x 1 The crosshairs have moved to 1 0 MENU FCN Select Extremum OK EXTRM 0 1 MENU FCN Selec
136. ou are prompted to choose You can send and receive matrices to from other calculators just as you can send and receive aplets programs lists and notes After aligning the calculators infrared ports open the Matrix catalogs on both calculators Highlight the matrix to send then press SEND on the sending calculator and RECV on the receiving calculator See Sending and Receiving Aplets in chapter 1 6 4 Using Matrices Creating a Matrix in Home To store one element 1 Enter the matrix in the edit line Start and end the matrix and each row with brackets the shifted 5 and keys 2 Separate each element and each row with a comma Example 1 2 3 4 Note if the Decimal Mark in MODES is set to Comma use periods as separators 3 An array of just one dimension a vector needs only one set of brackets Example 1 2 3 4 Press to enter and display the matrix Immediately after typing in the matrix you can store itina variable by typing STO matrixname ENTER The matrix variable names are M1 through M9 and MO The left screen below shows the matrix 2 5 729 16 2 being stored into M5 The screen on the right shows the vector 66 33 11 being stored into M6 Note that you can enter an expression like 5 2 for an element of the matrix and it will be evaluated EIDEN eee aah Seroz eo tote LC572 3 6 16 211pM5 66 33 111pM6 LLZ 9r29 L16 2 66 33 11 STOR b
137. ow to use the product that are not covered in this guide you can contact Hewlett Packard Calculator Support 1000 NE Circle Blvd Corvallis OR 97330 U S A 503 715 2004 Fax 503 715 3628 Mon Fri 8 00 am 3 00 pm Pacific time Closed holidays Allow two weeks for replies to mailed or faxed questions Outside the United States Your authorized Hewlett Packard dealer is committed to providing after sale support Authorized dealers are able to provide local personal support and they are backed by the resources of the Hewlett Packard Company HP Electronic Information Service This computer service provides calculator information free of charge You pay only for the phone call or Internet service There are two ways to connect to this service from a computer e Via modem 503 715 4448 It operates at 2400 9600 14400 baud full duplex no parity 8 bits 1 stop bit e Via the Internet Access hpcvbbs external hp com or192 6 221 13 using telnet ftp or a World Wide Web browser http hpevbbs external hp com 9 4 Reference Information Hardware Service Contact Hewlett Packard for diagnostic instructions and other service information before you send your calculator for repalr In the United States Send the calculator to the Corvallis Service Center listed on the inside of the back cover Outside the U S Contact your Hewlett Packard dealer or sales office for the location of the nearest service center Do not
138. own PAGEV Displays next sketch in the sketch set Animates if held down TEXT Opens the edit line to type a text label DRAW Displays the menu key labels for drawing below DEL Deletes the current sketch Eo CLEAR Erases the entire sketch set Turns off the menu key labels Press any menu key to restore them 1 In an aplet press SKETCH for the Sketch view 2 Press DRAW _ 3 Use the arrow keys to move the crosshairs graphics cursor To draw lines boxes or circles use the menu keys described next 4 When done drawing press OK Your work is automatically saved Press any other view key or to exit the Sketch view 1 20 Getting Started To draw a line 1 In Sketch view press DRAW and move the cursor to where you want to start the line 2 Press LINE This turns on line drawing 3 Move the cursor in any direction to the end point for the line 4 Press OK to finish the line To drawa box 1 In Sketch view press DRAW and move the cursor to where you want any corner of the box to be 2 Press BOx This turns on box drawing 3 Move the cursor to mark the opposite corner for the box You can adjust the size of the box by moving the cursor 4 Press OK to finish the box To draw a 1 In Sketch view press DRAW and move the cursor to circle where you want the center of the circle to be 2 Press CIRCL This turns on circle drawing 3 Mo
139. p the demo press any key Home is the calculator s home base If you want to do calculations or you want to quit the current activity such as an aplet a program or an editor press HOME To save power the calculator turns itself off after several minutes of inactivity All stored and displayed information are saved 3 If you see the e annunciator or the Low Bat message then the calculator needs fresh batteries See chapter 9 The Keyboard Shifted Keystrokes i Alpha Shift The shiff key is a shifted keystroke that accesses the operation printed in turquoise above a key For instance to access the Modes screen press then HOME You do not need to hold down the 8 This is depicted in this manual as press E MODES To cancel a shift press again The alphabetic keys are also shifted keystrokes For instance to type Z press The letters are printed in light green to the lower right of each key To cancel Alpha press again e For a lowercase letter press A Z e Fora string of letters hold down while typing 1 2 Getting Started Menu Keys You can press to see this screen Parana Polar Sequence Solve menu labels save reser f sont seno recy stanti yf yf TTT Th menu keys aes ee e The top row keys are called menu keys because their meanings depend on the context that s why their tops are blank e The bottom line of the d
140. ple to find D 6x 5x enter ds1 6 s1 5xs1 The result is 6 2 s1 5 which is equal to 12x 5 If you use real variables or numbers in the derivative the calculator will find a numeric result Mathematical Calculations 2 11 Composition of You can define a function of another function using the Functions Function aplet tib Function That is can be entered into the Symbolic view of Function as F1 X expression F2 X expression2 BS X FL F2 X Using Math Functions Selecting To enter a function type it in or select its name from the Functions MATH menu The MATH Menu The MATH menu provides access to Math Functions Programming Commands and Programming Constants The MATH menu is organized by category For each category of functions on the left there is a list of function names on the right The highlighted category is the current category E TOT HOHE van ar NORRENA current eS ud FUNCTIONS Sees category functions Tests FIFNROOT i e When you press MATH you see the menu list of Math Functions The menu key MTHa indicates that the Math Functions list is on e To display the menu list of Program Commands press CMDs To display the menu list of Program Constants press CONS To re display the Math Functions press MTH The programming commands and programming constants are discussed in chapter 8 Programming 2 12 Mathematical Calculations To
141. pression to the edit line for editing Press OK when done Checks unchecks the current expression Only the checked expression is evaluated Types an equals sign into the equation Displays the current equation in standard mathematical form Evaluates the current equation by substituting other variables for all variables except the independent variable which remains in symbolic form Menus for entering variable names contents of variables or math functions Displays special characters To type one highlight it and press OK Deletes the highlighted equation or the current character in the edit line Deletes all equations in the list or clears just the edit line if it was active The only setting for the Symbolic view is the angle measure This is significant only if any of the equation s variables contain trigonometric functions To check or change the angle measure press SETUP SYMB The choices are Radians Degrees and Grads This setting can affect the numeric solutions as well as the graph Solve 43 Solve for the Unknown Variable To solve for an unknown Assign values to all the variables except one All of the variables must represent real values The unknown variable cannot be an index as for a summation limit as for an integral or placeholder variable as for a derivative 1 Press for the Numeric view This displays all the variables and their values if any 2 For
142. pute IVAR statistics Example Weighted IVAR Statistics 5 Define the data in a set named H1 through Hd e On the left side specify which column of data to analyze C1 through C9 CO This specification can be an expression such as C1 C2 e On the right side specify which column if any represents the frequencies for the values in the left hand data column If there is no frequency data column then the frequency for each data value is 1 SPOS STATISTICS SYMBOLIC VIEW S388 HLIECL He i H3 i data columns wa J s ENTER SAMPLE EHT AACHE te HDH LENA frequencies 6 You can define up to five data sets H1 through H5 7 Checkmark the data sets you want to analyze Those data sets with checkmarks will be computed and plotted simultaneously However only one histogram can be plotted at a time 1 Press STATS to display the results of the computed statistics for the current checkmarked data set These values are defined in the table One Variable Computed Statistics on page 5 16 2 Press OK when done A manufacturing company purchases a certain part four times a year Enter the purchasing data shown below as one variable sample data price per part with frequencies number of parts Find the weighted mean that is the mean price weighted for the quantity purchased Price per part 4 70 sample i l l Number of parts 900 frequency Statistics 5 7 Select St
143. quence Sequence plotting produces either stairstep graphs n U or cobweb graphs U _ U e Other aplets You can load or create other aplets besides those that are built in Those you create yourself will be based on an existing aplet filled with data and then named if you like Define an Expression Symbolic View The Symbolic view is the defining view for Function Parametric Polar and Sequence aplets The other views are derived from the symbolic expression You can define up to ten different functions for each Function Parametric Polar and Sequence aplets You can graph any number of functions in the same aplet simultaneously by checkmarking them 32 Plotting and Exploring Functions To define the expression 1 Display the Symbolic view SYMB If the highlight is on an existing expression scroll to an empty line unless you don t mind writing over the expression Or clear one line DEL or all lines EB CLEAR Make sure your function is in the form y For example given the equation 9x y 11 0 you would rearrange it to y f x 9x 11 Type in just the expression 9x 11 for the right side For a Function definition enter an expression to define F X The only independent variable in the expression is X For a Parametric definition enter a pair of expressions to define X T and Y T The only independent variable in the expressions is T For a Polar definition
144. r 1 1 repair service 9 5 support 9 4 warranty 93 calculus operations 2 17 CANCEL key 1 1 canceling menu lists 1 11 operation in aplet view 1 14 canceling operations 1 1 CASE END 8 12 catalogs 1 16 categories variable 2 8 CEILING 2 24 center zoom 3 14 changing angle measure 34 batteries 9 7 characters typing 1 18 CHECK 8 10 checkmarking 1 8 Chi Squared upper tail probability 2 23 CHOOS input 3 18 CHOOS shortcut 3 18 CHOOSE 8 21 chronological sorting 1 26 CIRCL 1 21 CLEAR 3 18 3 25 clearing display history 2 6 edit line 2 6 lists 7 2 matrices 64 plots 3 7 settings 3 18 clearing aplets 1 26 clearing characters 2 4 clearing display 2 4 clearing edit line 2 4 Clearing settings Setup view 3 25 CMDS 2 13 cobweb graphs 3 2 3 10 coefficients polynomial 2 22 regression 5 21 COLNORM 6 10 column norm matrix 6 10 columns changing position 8 20 statistical data 5 5 COMB 2 23 combinations 2 23 Comma mode 1 7 with matrices 6 9 7 4 command definition of 9 9 commands Aplet 8 10 Branch amp 11 Drawing 8 13 Graphic 815 in programs 81 Loop 8 17 Print 8 20 Prompt 8 21 Stat One 8 25 Stat Two 8 25 with matrices 6 9 commas in numbers 1 7 complex functions 2 16 2 18 2 25 complex numbers 2 4 entering 2 4 composition functions 2 13 computed statistics 5 16 CONCAT 7 4 COND 6 10 condition number 6 10 CONJ 2 18
145. recision 2 6 Numeric view 1 12 adding X values 3 23 automatic 3 23 build your own table 3 26 recalculating 3 23 Index 10 setup 3 25 3 26 Statistics 5 11 5 16 O off automatic 1 2 power l off screen 9 1 ON key 1 1 one variable data 5 6 one variable statistics 5 7 computed 5 17 opening aplets 1 25 operations in programs 8 1 OR 2 27 order of operation specified with parentheses 2 2 ordered pairs entering 5 9 Overlay Plot 3 16 overlaying plots 3 17 P paired columns 5 13 parametric aplet 1 11 Parametric definition 3 3 parametric example 3 6 3 9 parametric plotting defined 3 2 examples 3 30 Parametric variables Axes 8 28 Connect 8 28 Coord 8 28 Grid 8 29 Indep 8 29 InvCross 8 30 Labels 8 30 Recenter 8 30 Simult 8 31 Tmax 8 32 Tmin 832 Trace 8 32 Tstep 8 32 Xcross 8 33 Ycross 8 33 parentheses to close arguments 2 2 to specify order of operation 2 2 pause See WAIT percent 2 25 PERM 2 23 permutations 2 23 Pi 2 16 pi constant 2 19 PIXOFF 8 14 PIXON 8 14 PLOT 8 16 Function Polar Parametric Sequence 3 11 scaling 3 16 splitting 3 16 plot tracing 3 12 plot type one variable statistics 5 22 plot types sequence 3 18 statistical 5 19 Plot view keys 3 11 plot zooming 3 13 Plot Detail 3 16 plots clearing 3 7 comparing 3 7 drawing boxes in 3 15 interrupting 3 7 overlaying 3 17 resetting 3 16 scali
146. returns an equation vaniable value The result is a general solution that represents multiple solutions by including the formal variables s to represent any sign and n1 to represent any integer ISOLATE expression variable Tests whether expression is linear for the specified variable Returns 0 false or 1 true LINEAR expression variable Solves quadratic expression for variable and returns an equation vaniable newexpression The result is a general solution that represents both positive and negative solutions by including the formal variable s to represent any sign or QUAD expression variable Encloses an expression that should not be evaluated numerically QUOTE expression Evaluates expression where each given variable is set to the given value Allows numeric evaluation of a symbolic expression expression variable value1 variable2 value2 Mathematical Calculations 2 25 Test Functions The test functions are logical operators that always return I 4 IV AND IFTE NOT OR XOR either a frue or a 0 false Less than Returns 1 if true 0 if false value lt value2 Less than or equal to Returns if true 0 if false value l value2 Equals logical test Returns if true 0 if false value value2 Not equal to Returns if true 0 if false value value2 Greater than Returns if true 0 if false value gt value2 Greater th
147. rry Programming 8 1 CASE END Executes a series of test clause commands that execute the appropriate frue clause sequence of commands Its syntax is CASE IF test clause THEN tCrue clause END IF test clause THEN true clause END IF test clause THEN true clause END END When CASE is executed fesf clause is evaluated If the test Is true true clause is executed and execution skips to END If fest clause if false execution proceeds to fest clause Execution with the CASE structure continues until a true clause is executed or until all the test clauses evaluate to false Many conditions are automatically recognized by the HP 38G as error conditions and they re automatically treated as errors in programs IFERR THEN ELSE allows a program to intercept error conditions that otherwise would cause the program to abort Its syntax is IFERR trap clause THEN error clause ELSE normal clause END Runs the named program If your program name contains special characters such as a space and then you must enclose the file name in double quotes RUN program name or RUN programname Stops the current program STOP 8 12 Programming Drawing Commands The Drawing commands act on the display The scale of the display depends on the current aplet s Xmin Xmax Ymin and Ymax values The following examples assume the HP 38G default settings with the Function aplet as the current aplet Draws an arc
148. s 1 11 speed searches 1 11 _ SEC secant 2 28 SELECT 8 10 sending aplets 1 27 lists 7 3 programs 8 6 Index 13 SEQPLOT 3 18 SeqPlot variable 8 31 sequence finding square root 3 33 sequence aplet 1 12 Sequence definition 3 3 sequence example 3 7 3 10 sequence plots choosing type 8 31 sequence plotting defined 3 2 example 3 33 Sequence variables Axes 8 28 Coord 8 28 Grid 8 29 Indep 8 29 InvCross 8 30 Labels 8 30 Nmax 8 30 Nmin 8 30 Recenter 8 30 SeqPlot 8 31 Simult 8 31 Trace 8 32 Xcross 8 33 Ycross 8 33 service hardware 9 5 Set Factors zoom 3 14 SETDEPEND 8 25 SETFREQ 8 25 SETINDEP 8 25 SETSAMPLE 8 25 setting date 8 22 time 8 22 Settings resetting 3 18 3 25 Setup resetting 3 18 3 25 Setup view numeric 3 25 3 26 SETVIEWS 8 10 shortcut for CHOOS 3 18 SHOW in Statistics 5 12 SIGN real and complex 2 25 sign reversal complex number 2 18 Solve aplet 4 7 SIMULT plotting 3 19 Simult variable 8 3 SIN sine 2 15 singular value decomposition matrix 6 12 singular values matrix 6 12 SINH 2 20 SIZE list 7 5 matrix 612 size of aplet 1 25 Sketch keys 1 20 sketch sets 1 22 Sketch view 1 18 sketches attaching to aplets 1 16 creating a set of 1 22 drawing 1 20 importing 1 19 labeling 1 22 slope interactive 3 20 statistical 5 21 Slope variable 831 soft key labels 1 6 Solve equatio
149. s all expressions in the list or clears the edit line if it was in use For the Function Parametric Polar and Sequence aplets the only setting for the Symbolic view is the angle measure This is significant only if any trigonometric function is used To check or change the angle measure press fA SETUP SYMB The choices are Radians Degrees and Grads This setting can affect what the graph looks like as well as what the numerical values are 34 Plotting and Exploring Functions Evaluating Expressions In Aplets In the Symbolic view a variable is a symbol only and does not represent one specific value If a variable contains another variable in it then EVAL substitutes it as shown in this example In Function Symbolic view erage oo VEH RS AxK enter these three expressions Highlight F3 EVAL LEUT Wiehe if FROH EVAL In Home You can also evaluate any expression in Home by entering it into the edit line and pressing ENTER For example in Home type F3 X to evaluate the above expression This will fully evaluate the expression substituting any stored values for A and B and X Plotting and Exploring Functions 3 5 Examples Defining Expressions Function Define x 2x 3 Example Enter this expression as the right side of the equation in the Symbolic view In the Symbolic view of the Function aplet highlight a line or clear the lines and enter the expression SRS FUNCTION SYM
150. s in the Plot Setup input form Nmin Nmax Sequence From Plot Setup enter values for NRNG or In a program type n STOP Nmin n STOP Nmax Recenter Recenters at the crosshairs locations when zooming From Plot Zoom Set Factors check or uncheck _Recenter or In a program type All Aplets 1 STOP Recenter to turn recenter on default 0 STOP Recenter to turn recenter off Root Contains the last value found by Root operation in the Plot FCN menu Function 8 30 Programming SI mark S5mark Defines the mark to use for statistics 2 variable scatter plots From Plot Setup for two variable statistics Slmark 5mark then choose a mark or In a program type n STOP Simark Statistics SeqPlot Toggles type of sequence plot Stairstep or Cobweb From Plot Setup select SeqPlot then choose Stairstep or Cobweb or In a program type 1 STOP SeqPlot for Stairstep default 2 STOP SeqPlot for Cobweb Sequence Simult Turns simultaneous function plotting on or off When simultaneous function plotting is on sequential function plotting is off Function Parametric Polar Sequence From Plot Setup check or uncheck __ SIMULT or In a program type 1 STOP Simult for on default 0 STOP Simult for off Slope Contains the last value found by S
151. scale to match the horizontal scale Sets the X Zoom and Y Zoom factors for zooming multiplying for Zoom Out dividing for Zoom In Includes option to recenter the plot before zooming Returns the display to the previous zoom 314 Plotting and Exploring Functions To use Box The Box Zoom option lets you draw a box around the area Zoom you want to zoom in on 1 If necessary press MENU to turn on the menu key labels 2 Press Z00M and select Box 3 Position the crosshairs into one corner of the box to be Press OK 4 Use the cursor keys etc to drag two sides of a box SELECT SECOND CORNER 5 Press OK to zoom in on the boxed area hemn ETHAN Plotting and Exploring Functions 3 15 Other Views for Scaling and Splitting the Graph Other Scales VIEWS Options The preset viewing options 8 VIEWS draw the plot using certain pre defined axis scales This is a shortcut for changing Plot Setup For instance if you have defined a trigonometric function then you could select Trig to plot your function on a trigonometric scale Select an option and press OK Plot Detail Plot Table Overlay Plot Auto Scale Decimal Integer Trig Meaning Splits the screen into the plot and a close up see the next topic Splits the screen into the plot and the data table see page 3 24 Plots the current expression s without erasing any pre existing plot s
152. select options from a list CHOOS Some input forms include items to check CHK SS HME MIDES Skies ANGLE MEASURE MEE ee NUMBER FORMAT St andard DECIMAL MARK Dotc TITLE HOME CHOOSE ANGLE MEASURE cKO Change the Angle Measure 1 Press EE MODES to open the MODES input form 2 The cursor highlight should be on the first line ANGLE MEASURE Press CHOOS to display a list of choices Highlight Degrees Radians or Grads and press OK 3 When done press to return to Home 1 8 Getting Started Hint Whenever an input form has a list of choices for a field you can press to cycle through them instead of using CHOOS To reset values To reset the original default value in an input form press DEL To reset all values in the form press f CLEAR Home History To copy a previous line To repeat a previous line The Home display press HOME shows up to four lines of history the most recent input and output Older lines scroll off the top of the display but are retained in memory press to view them Note that these examples are in Standard display mode input result last input 2 1 41421356237 ast result edit an line ETOL When you highlight a previous input or result pressing a the COPY and SHOW menu labels appear Pressing COPY copies the highlighted value to the edit line 5 77 1 41421356237 stoe 0 PP
153. ssion fit user defined 5 15 regression formula 5 15 regression model statistical 5 10 5 14 regression models 5 15 defining 5 16 regulatory information 91 relative error statistical 5 21 RelErr 5 21 REPLACE 8 16 8 19 replacing portion of a graphic 8 16 portion of a matrix 8 19 RES plotting 3 18 resetting aplets 1 26 calculator 98 memory 38 Resetting settings Setup view 3 18 3 25 resolution plotting 3 18 result copying to edit line 1 9 last 2 5 reusing 1 9 retrieve See recall retrieving Aplet variables 8 27 Home variables 826 reusing a previous result 1 9 REVERSE 7 5 ROM 9 8 root interactive 3 20 nth 2 16 Root variable 8 30 root finder displaying in Solve aplet 4 8 rootfinding interactive 3 19 variables 3 20 root finding operations 3 20 roots polynomial 2 22 ROUND round 2 25 ROWNORM row norm 6 11 rows changing position 8 20 RREF 6 11 RUN 8 12 running aplets 1 25 programs 8 7 S S variable Statistics 5 10 S1 S0 5 10 SIMARK 5 22 Slmark SSmark variables 8 31 saving aplets 1 25 automatic 1 16 from Home edit line 1 17 power 1 2 programs 84 scale 8 19 resetting 3 16 SCALEADD 8 19 scaling options 3 13 3 16 scatter plot 5 20 scatter plots 5 19 SCHUR decomposition 6 12 Scientific display l 7 scientific notation 2 2 Scientific number format 1 7 scrolling in Function and Sequence piots 3 8 in Trace mode 3 12 searching menu list
154. switch between the category list left and the variable list right use gt and 3 Highlight the name of the variable you want e To copy the name of the variable into the edit line press OK NAME is set the menu label shows NAMa To copy the value of the variable into the edit line set VALUE press VALUE to make it VALUg and press OK 2 8 Mathematical Calculations Aplet Variables The variable types in the table below are aplet variables that you use to define aplet functions and to store some kinds of aplet data They are usually found in the Symbolic view or the Numeric view of an aplet Available Names F through F9 and FO Aplet Category Function Symbolic view Parametric X1 Y1 through X9 Y9 and XO YO Symbolic view Polar R1 through R9 and RO Symbolic view Sequence U1 through U9 and U0 Symbolic view Solve El through E9 and EO Symbolic view Statistical data C1 through C9 and CO Numeric view As you load new aplets in the HP 38G their names and variables will be added to the VAR menu In addition there are other aplet variables that are record settings such as those in the Setup views These types of variables like NumStart and Xtick are listed in chapter 8 Programming since you do not need to know their names except when programming Mathematical Calculations 2 9 To access an aplet variable The APLET menu key in th
155. t Slope OK The slope at the extremum where the crosshairs are is zero Plotting and Exploring Functions 3 21 AREA INTERSECT You move the cursor to the starting point first then shade the area MENU FCN Select Area OK OK fo set starting point lt 70 times SELECT EMD POINT ANIL OK OK AREA 666666666667 The shaded area has a value of 0 666666666667 to 12 digit accuracy It is negative because the region lies below the x axis Enter a second expression f x x in Function aplet and find the intersection of it with fx x 1 SSSI FUNCTION SYMBOLIC VIEW See FICK I KE 1 F2CKI A 3 Select the Function aplet ZEE X 3 F5i LENT a i ee Se You must specify whether to find the intersection with the second function or with the x axis MENU FCN Select Intersection OK Select the function F X X 3 i eet 75487768 4301597 EIS not the x axis OK 322 Plotting and Exploring Functions Using a Table of Numbers Display a Table of Numbers Numeric View NUM View Keys Automatic Recalculation After entering and selecting checkmarking the expression in the Symbolic view press to view a table of data values for the independent X T O or N and dependent variables To adjust the initial value or step size change the Numeric Setup Meaning ZOOM Displays ZOOM
156. t is displayed as zero The largest number is 9 99999999999x10 A larger result is still displayed as this number Mathematical Calculations 2 3 Complex Numbers Complex Results To enter complex numbers The HP 38G can return a complex number as a result for some math functions A complex number appears as an ordered pair x y where x is the real part and y is the imaginary part For example entering y 1 returns 0 1 Enter the number in either of these forms where x is the real part y is the imaginary part and i is the imaginary constant n e x y or e x iy To type i press 8 I or copy i from the Constant category in the MATH menu Clearing Numbers o clears the character under the cursor 4 backspaces when the cursor is after the last character e CANCEL ON clears the edit line e CLEAR clears all input and output in the display including the display history Using Previous Results Last Answer ANSWER The Home display shows you four lines of input output history An unlimited except by memory number of previous lines are available by scrolling You can retrieve and reuse any of these values or expressions You can reuse the last answer at any point in the edit line by pressing 8 ANSWER This recalls the variable Ans last answer the result from your last ENTER The variable Ans is different from the numbers in Home s display history A value in Ans is stored internally
157. taching sketches 1 16 calculating in 1 16 clearing 1 26 copying 1 27 creating new 1 26 defined 1 11 deleting 1 26 editing 1 25 Library 1 25 naming 1 26 Note view 1 18 opening 1 25 Parametric functions 1 11 Polar functions I 11 receiving 1 27 resetting 1 26 sending 1 27 Sequence functions 1 12 size of 1 25 Sketch view 1 18 Solve 41 sorting 1 26 starting 1 25 Statistic functions 1 12 ARC 8 13 arccos 2 15 arcsin 2 15 arctan 2 16 area graphical 3 20 interactive 3 20 Index 2 Area variable 8 28 ARG 2 18 arguments with matrices 6 9 arithmetic list 7 4 arithmetic operations 1 3 in matrices 6 6 ASEC 2 28 ASIN 2 15 ASINH 2 20 ATAN 2 16 ATANH 2 20 attaching a note to an aplet 1 16 a sketch to an aplet 1 16 Auto Scale 3 16 AXES plotting 3 19 Axes variable 8 28 B bad argument 911 bad guesses Solve aplet 4 7 batteries changing 9 7 low battery warning 9 7 BEEP 8 21 BIG 1 22 3 23 in Statistics 5 11 BOX 1 21 8 13 box zoom 3 14 3 15 box and whisker plot 5 20 box and whisker plots 5 19 BoxWhisker plot 8 31 Branch commands CASE END 8 12 IF THEN ELSE END 8 11 IFERR THEN ELSE 8 12 RUN 8 12 STOP 8 12 Branch structures 8 11 BREAK 8 17 build your own table 3 26 E C menu label in Statistics 5 12 CE calculating in aplet view 1 16 root 4 8 with last result 2 5 calculator automatic turn off feature 1 2 protective cove
158. taining text_item A text_item consists of any number of expressions and quoted strings of text The expressions are evaluated and turned into strings of text For example Area is 2 2 becomes Area is 4 Use CHARS to type the quote marks MSGBOX text_item Example 1 STOP JA MSGBOX AREA IS n A 2 AREA 15 3 1415 263357 Programming 8 23 You can also use the NoteText variable to provide text arguments This can be used to insert line breaks For example press J NOTE and type AREA IS ENTER Example MSGBOX NoteText w A 2 AREA IS __3 14159265359 Halts program execution for specified number of seconds WALT seconds 8 24 Programming Stat One and Stat Two Commands Analysis of one variable and two variable statistical data You can refer to chapter 5 for complete definitions of these variables Stat One Commands DOIVSTATS Calculates STATS using datasetname and stores the results in corresponding variables NX Tot Mean PVar gt SVar PSDev SSDev Min Q1 Median Q3 and Max Datasetname can be H1 H2 or H5 Datasetname must define at least two data points DOLVSTATS datasetname RANDSEED Sets random number seed to value The random number seed is used in the calculation of random numbers by the RANDOM function RANDSEED value SETFREQ Defines datasetname frequency according to expression Datasetname can be H1 H2 or H3
159. take the form x y Position coordinates depend on the current apiet s scale which is specified by Xmin Xmax Ymin and Ymax Stores the current display in name DISPLAY name Displays graphic from name in the display DISPLAY name Creates a graphic from expression using font_size and stores the resulting graphic in name Font sizes are 1 2 or 3 If the font_size argument is 0 the HP 38G creates a graphic display like that created by the SHOW operation GROB name expression font_size Replaces graphic in name with bitwise inverted graphic from name GROBNOT name Using the logical OR superimposes graphic onto name starting at the specified coordinate in position GROBOR name graphicl position name_graphic2 Example GROBOR G1 0 0 G2 Using the logical XOR superimposes graphic onto name starting at the specified coordinate in position GROBXOR name position graphic Creates graphic with given width height and hexadecimal data and stores it in name MAKEGROB name width height hex data Programming 8 15 REPLACE ZEROGROB Stores the Plot view display as a graphic in name PLOT name Puts graph from name into the Plot view display PLOT name Replaces portion of graphic in name with another graphic starting at position start in form x y REPLACE also works for lists and matrices REPLACE name start_x start_y graphic Extracts a portion of a list matrix or graphic specified by
160. te a note 1 In the Notepad press EDIT to modify the highlighted in the Notepad note or press NEW to start a new note For a new note type in a name and press OK 2 This opens the note for you to write and edit Use the Note editing keys as in Note view see page 1 19 3 When you are done you can leave the Notepad by pressing or an aplet view key Your work is automatically saved Notepad Meaning Catalog Keys EDIT Opens the selected note for editing NEW Opens a new note and asks for a name SEND Transmits the selected note to another HP 38G or a disk drive See also page 1 27 RECV receive Receives a note being transmitted from another HP 38G or a disk drive See also page 1 27 DEL Deletes the selected note E CLEAR Deletes all notes in the catalog 1 24 Getting Started Managing Aplets LIB Once you have entered information into an aplet you have defined a new version of an aplet The information is automatically saved under the current aplet name such as Function To create additional aplets of the same type you must give the current aplet a new name The Library is where you go to manage your aplets Press LIB Highlight using the arrow keys the name of the apis you want to act on ZAPLET LIBRARY current AS elat ee aplet Parametric Polar Sequence Solve F RESET 0RT SEND RECM ETART names of aplets The current aplet is
161. tick Xmin AMax Ymin Ymax AZOOM Yxoom 842 Programming Numeric Digits Format NumCol NumRow NoteText Sketch Page PageNum Statistics Variables Plot Axes Connect Coord Grid Hmin Hmax Hwidth Indep InvCross Labels Recenter Simark S2mark S3mark S4mark SSmark statPlot Tracing Xecross Ycross Xtick Ytick Xmin Xmax Ymin Ymax Xzoom Yxoom ee a oe Programming 8 43 Numeric co c9 Digits Format NumCol NumFont NumRow StatMode ote NoteText Sketch Page PageNum Stat One Maxd Mean Median Min gt Nx Q1 Q3 stat Two Corr Cov Fit MeanX Meany RelErr X 2X2 YXY Y 2yY2 Reference Information This chapter covers the following topics Regulatory information Warranty information Service information Battery information How to reset the calculator Glossary Selected status messages Regulatory Information U S A Canada This Handheld Calculator complies with the limits for a class B digital device as specified in Part 15 of FCC Rules which provide reasonable protection against harmful interference in a residential installation This Handheld Calculator generates and uses radio frequency energy and may interfere with radio and television reception In the unlikely event that there is interference to radio or television reception which can be determined by turning the calculator off and on try the following Reorient or re
162. tics MEANX is about 3 3 minutes and MEANY is about 1796 Scroll down to display CORR CORR is 0 8995 to four significant digits Giga CEER 899530939561 n fers foo TE ZENS STATISTICS PLOT SETUP OK RENG 2 24 x YRNG 2 18 6 E SETUP PLOT SIMARK BY SEMARK SIMARK de CHOOS OK SUMARK SSMARK 8 This makes the mark for S1 more visible CHOOSE MARK FOR SCATTER PLOT OOS PAGER Eo VIEWS Select Auto Scale OK If FIT is on the regression line also appears lt 3 43 0 1490 To find the regression curve a curve to fit the data points and regression values set FITm on if it is not already MENU FIT This draws the regression line for the best linear fit Ged Pe COOMITRACE CH FIT 8 DEEN MEME SAVE STATISTICS SYMBOLIC VEH Se Si Eee Ce 1 425 SOAS O Fit2 m X b ENTER INDEFENDENT ELIT VECHE SHOE EVAL Values for m and b are substituted into the regression expression for the Fit field 5 4 Statistics Highlight Fit SHOW Shows the full Fit 475 07 5 4t376 25 expression The slope m ts 425 875 The y intercept b ts about 376 25 Now find the predicted sales figure if advertising were to go up to 6 minutes Switch to Home and use PREDY OK MATH S fo highlight Stat Two to highlight PREDY 0K 6 PREDY C6 2931 5 STOR foe ft Entering Statistical Data Note You
163. ting plot without erasing that plot then use VIEWS Overlay Plot instead of PLOT Note that tracing follows only the current functions from the current aplet Plotting and Exploring Functions 3 17 Setting Up the Plot Plot Setup Press E SETUP PLOT to define any of the settings shown in the next two tables 1 Use the arrow keys to move from field to field Highlight the field to edit e f there is a number to enter type it in and press or OK e If there is an option to choose press CHOOS highlight your choice and press or OK As a shortcut to CHOOS just highlight the field to change and press to display and select the different choices e If there is an option to turn on off press CHK to check or uncheck it 2 Press PAGEW to view more settings 3 When done press to view the new plot To reset To reset the default values for all plot settings press settings CLEAR in the Plot Setup view seruprion ad eating Seina XRNG YRNG For Function plot Specifies the TRNG minimum and maximum horizontal X RNG and vertical Y values for the plotting NRNG window For Parametric Polar and Sequence plots Specifies the time T angle O or index N values for the graph For Function plots Resolution Faster plots in alternate pixel columns More Detail plots in every pixel column TSTEP OSTEP For Parametric and Polar plots intervals at which to use the
164. tions another HP 38G or a disk drive or a computer Highlight your selection and press OK e Jf transmitting to a disk drive aplet disk drive or computer you have the options of sending to the current default directory or to another directory Getting Started 1 27 3 Receiving calculator Open the Library and press RECV e You have two options another HP 38G or a disk drive or computer Highlight your selection and press OK If receiving from a remote storage device aplet disk drive or computer you will see a list of aplets in its current directory You can choose a different directory to copy from Check as many items as you would like to receive 1 28 Getting Started Mathematical Calculations The most commonly used math operations are on the keyboard Access to the rest of the math functions is via the MATH menu press MATH The MATH menu also contains commands to use for programming How to Do Calculations Where to Start The home base for the calculator is Home press HOME You can do all calculations here and you can access all operations Entering Expressions Example e Enter an expression into the HP 38G in the same left to right order that you would write the expression This is called algebraic entry e To enter functions select the key or MATH menu item for that function You can also use Alpha keys to spell out a function s name e Press to evaluate t
165. to from other calculators just as you can send and receive aplets programs matrices and notes After aligning the calculators infrared ports open the List catalogs on both calculators Highlight the list to send then press SEND on the sending calculator and RECV on the receiving calculator See Sending and Receiving Aplets in chapter 1 1 Enter the list in the edit line Start and end the list with braces the shifted 8 and 9 keys and separate each element with a comma 2 Press to evaluate and display a list Immediately after typing in the list you can store it ina variable by typing STOP listname ENTER The list variable names are L1 through L9 and LO This example stores the list 25 147 8 in LI You can omit the final brace when entering a list C5 2 3449 336L1 25 147 533 ST Dee eis a ree In Home enter value STOp listname element For example to change the second element of LI to 148 type 148 STOP L1 2 ENTER Using Lists 7 3 List Functions Following is a table of list functions Use them in Home as well as in programs You can type in the name of the function or you can copy the name of the function from the List category of the MATH menu Press L This displays the List category Highlight the function on the right hand side and press OK Function e Functions have arguments that are enclosed in Syntax parentheses and separated by commas Examp
166. ts in a column COLNORM matrix Condition Number Finds the l norm column norm of a square matrix COND matrix Cross Product of vector X vector2 CROSS vector vector2 Determinant of a square matrix DET matrix Dot Product of two arrays matrix matnix2 DOT matrix matrix2 Displays the eigenvalues in vector form for matrix EIGENVAL matrix Eigenvectors and Eigenvalues for a square matrix Displays a list of two arrays The first contains the eigenvectors and the second contains the eigenvalues EIGENVV matrix Identity matrix Creates a square matrix of dimension size Xsize whose diagonal elements equal and off diagonal elements equal zero IDENMAT size Inverts a square matrix real or complex INVERSE matnxname 6 10 Using Matrices Matrix Functions continued LO Factorization Factors mxn matrix into three matrices mxXn lowertrapezoidal nxn OHnOgOnEE ie mxm permutation LQ matrix LSQ Least Squares Displays the minimum norm least squares matrix or vector LSQ matrix matnix2 LU LU Decomposition Factors a square matrix into three matrices lowertriangular uppertriangular permutation The uppertriangular has ones on its diagonal LU matrix MAKEMAT Make Matrix Creates a matrix of dimension rows X columns using expression to calculate each element If expression contains the variables I and J the
167. umeric View Keys EDIT INS SORT BIG 1VARs 2VARa STATS DEL E CLEAR EB cursor key Meaning Copies the highlighted item into the edit line Inserts a zero value above the highlighted cell Sorts the specified independent data column in ascending or descending order and sorts a specified dependent or frequency data column along with it Switches between larger and smaller type sizes A toggle switch to set one variable or two variable statistics This setting affects the statistical calculations and plots The label and indicate which setting is current Computes descriptive statistics for the statistical data specified in Symbolic view Deletes the currently highlighted value Clears the current column or all columns of data Moves to the first or last row or column Statistics 5 1 Symbolic View Keys EDIT Copies the column variable or variable expression to the edit line for editing Press OK when done CHK Checks unchecks the current data set Only the checkmarked data set s are computed and plotted c or X Typing aid for the column variables C or for the Fit expressions X SHOW Displays the current variable expression in standard mathematical form Press OK when done EVAL Evaluates the variables in the highlighted column Cl etc expression VAR Menu for entering variable names or contents of varia
168. umn row elements of a matrix For instance element 1 2 row 1 column 2 is swapped with element 2 1 element 2 3 is swapped with element 3 2 and so on For example TRN 1 2 3 4 creates the matrix fist les i Using Matrices 6 13 Using Lists You can do list operations in Home and in programs The elements of a list appear in braces and are separated by commas such as A B C or 1 2 3 If the Decimal Mark in MODES is set to Comma then the separators are periods List Variables There are ten list variables available named L1 through L9 and LO You can use them in calculations or expressions in Home or in a program You can fetch the list names from the VAR menu or just type their names from the keyboard Creating and Storing Lists You can create edit delete send and receive named lists in the List catalog 8 LIST You can also create and store lists named or unnnamed in Home Creating a List 1 Press LIST in List Catalog 2 Highlight the list name you want to use L1 etc and press EDIT 3 For each item enter the value and press ENTER This value can be a real or complex number or an expression 4 When done press LIST to see the List catalog or press to return to the Home screen for calculations Or start any other activity such as an aplet you want PAGERS LIST CATALUG See bivbenath s L2 Length L3 Length L4 Length L5 Lensoth y EGIT FE
169. uropean Contact your local Hewlett Pacrkard Sales and Service office or Hewlett Packard GmbH Department Technical Relations Europe Herrenberger Str 130 D71034 Boblingen Fax 49 703 143 143 9 2 Reference Information Limited One Year Warranty What is Covered What is Not Covered In Australia and the U K The calculator except for the batteries or damage caused by the batteries and calculator accessories are warranted by Hewlett Packard against defects in materials and workmanship for one year from the date of original purchase If you sell your unit or give itas a gift the warranty is automatically transferred to the new owner and remains in effect for the original one year period During the warranty period we will repair or at our option replace at no charge a product that proves to be defective provided you return the product shipping prepaid to a Hewlett Packard service center Replacement may be made with a newer model of equal or better functionality This warranty gives you specific legal rights and you may also have other rights that vary from state to state province to province or country to country Batteries and damage caused by the batteries are not covered by the Hewlett Packard warranty Check with the battery manufacturer about battery and battery leakage warranties This warranty does not apply if the product has been damaged by accident or misuse or as the result of service or modific
170. ution upper tail probability 2 28 SUB 8 16 8 20 subtract 2 15 summary statistics 5 18 Summation function 2 21 SVAR 5 17 SVD 612 SVL 612 SWAPCOL swap columns 8 20 SWAPROW swap rows 8 20 symbolic derivative 2 12 symbolic names 2 1 symbolic operations 2 26 Symbolic Setup view in Statistics 5 14 Statistics 5 10 5 12 Symbolic view defining expressions 3 2 evaluating variables 3 5 keys 3 3 Statistics 5 12 5 16 syntax 9 1 syntax errors 8 7 T table of numbers 3 23 table view 3 23 TAN tangent 2 15 TANH 2 20 TAYLOR Taylor s polynomial 2 17 technical support hardware service 95 software 9 4 temperature operating M storage 9 4 TEXT 1 22 text entry 1 18 text_item 8 22 tickmarks plotting 3 18 time converting 2 24 time Setting 8 22 times sign 2 2 title screen l 7 TLINE 8 14 Tmax variable 8 32 Tmin variable 8 32 too few arguments 9 12 TOT 5 17 of list 7 7 TRACE 6 12 in Statistics 5 23 TRACE mode 3 12 3 13 tracing more than one curve 3 12 not matching plot 3 12 Index 16 tracing functions 3 12 tracing plots 3 8 transmitting programs 8 6 transmitting aplets 1 27 transpose matrix 6 12 Trig scaling 3 16 trigonometric functions 2 15 trigonometry operations 2 28 TRN 6 12 TRNG 8 32 TRNG time range 3 18 TRUNCATE 2 25 TSTEP plotting 3 18 Tstep variable 8 32 two variable data 5 9 two variable statistics 5 14 computed 5 19 typing
171. value value2 Modulo The remainder of value value2 valuel MOD value2 x percent of y that is xy 100 X Y Percent change from x to y that is 1O0 y x x YoCHANGE x y Percent total 100 y x What percentage of x is y TOTAL X Y Radians to degrees Converts value from one angle format to another RAD gt DEG value Rounds value to decimal places Accepts complex numbers ROUND value places Sign of value If positive the result is 1 If negative 1 If zero result is zero For a complex number this is the unit vector in x y the direction of the number foxy tS iy yx y j SIGN value SIGN x y Truncates value to decimal places Accepts complex numbers TRUNCATE value places Exponent of value XPON value 2 24 Mathematical Calculations Statistics Two Symbolic Functions equals ISOLATE where These are functions for use with two variable statistics See chapter 5 Statistics The symbolic functions are used for symbolic manipulations of expressions The variables can be formal or numeric but the result is usually in symbolic form not a number You will find the symbols for the symbolic functions and where in the CHARS menu W9 CHARS as well as the MATH menu Sets an equality for an equation This is nof a logical operator See the Test category expression expression2 Isolates the first occurrence of variable in expression and
172. variable_name You can also use the PRIVAR command to print the contents of a program or a note PRVAR program_name PROG PRVAR note_name NOTE 8 20 Programming Prompt Commands CHOOSE You can use the following commands to prompt users for input during your program or to provide information to users Beeps at the at the frequency and time you specify BEEP frequency time_in_seconds Example BEEP 1024 5 Creates a 5 second beep at 1024 Hz Where name is the name of the variable from which the number of the initially highlighted item is retrieved and into which the number of the chosen item will be stored Prompt is the top of box prompt or null meaning no prompt and item 1 through item n are the text items to be displayed CHOOSE displays a choose box and sets the specified variable to real number 0 through n corresponding to whether the choose box is canceled 0 or an item is chosen 1 through n CHOOSE name prompt item 1 item n Example 3 STOP A CHOOSE A COMIC STRIPS DILBERT CALVIN amp HOBBES BLONDE COMIC STRIPS S dL eat OK Programming 8 21 DISP DISPTIME EDITMAT FREEZE GETKEY Displays text_item and a value in display line_number A text_item consists of any number of expressions and quoted strings of text The expressions are evaluated and turn into strings Lines are numbered from the top of the screen 1 being the top and 7 being the bottom DISP line
173. ve the cursor the distance of the radius 4 Press OK to draw the circle Getting Started 1 2 DRAW Keys To label parts of a sketch Dot on dot off Turns pixels on off as crosshairs move DOT DOT Draws a line from the cursor s starting position to the point at which you press OK You can draw a line at any angle by moving the cursor LINE Draws a box from the cursor s starting position to the point at which you press OK BOx Draws a circle The cursor s starting position is the center of the circle The cursor s ending position when you press OK defines the radius CIRCL 1 Press TEXT and type the text in the edit line To lock the Alpha shift on press A Z for uppercase or E A 2 for lowercase 2 To make the label a smaller character size turn off BIGa Pressing BIG turns on BIGa and vice versa The smaller character size cannot display lowercase letters 3 Press OK Use the arrow keys to position the label where you want it 4 Press OK again to affix the label 5 Press DRAW to continue drawing or press to exit Sketch view To create a set You can create a sequence of up to ten sketches This allows of sketches for simple animation e After making a sketch press NEWP to add a new blank page that will follow the current page You can now make a new sketc
174. with center x y radius start_angle_measurement and end_angle_measurement ARC x y radius start_angle_measurment end_angle_measurment Example ARC 0 0 2 0 360 Draws circle centered at 0 0 of radius 2 Draws a box with opposite corners x y and x2 y2 BOX xl yvilrx2 y2 Example BOX 1 1 1 1 Draws a box lower corner at 1 1 upper corner at 1 1 Use the FREEZE E m command to display the graphic until the user presses a key Clears the display ERASE Keeps the display from being updated after a program finishes running LINE Draws a line from x1 y to x2 y2 LINE xXl yl1 x2 y2 Example HINE 07033 2 Draws a line from 0 0 to 3 3 ta Programming 8 13 Turns off the pixel at the specified coordinates x y PIXOFF x y Turns on the pixel at the specified coordinates x y PIXON x y Toggles the pixels along the line from x y1 to x2 y2 Any pixel that was turned off will be turned on any pixel that was turned on will be turned off TLINE can be used to erase a line TLINE xl yl x2 y2 Example THING 0702333 Erases previously drawn 45 degree line from 0 0 to 3 3 8 14 Programming Graphic Commands DISPLAY gt gt DISPLAY GROB GROBNOT GROBOR GROBXOR MAKEGROB The Graphic commands use the graphics variables GO G9 as name arguments or the Page variable from Sketch Position arguments
175. xt keystroke To cancel press again Low battery power See chapter 9 Busy Data is being transferred via infrared or cable There is more history in the Home display Scroll up or down to see it Radians angle mode is set for Home Grads angle mode is set for Home Degrees angle mode is set for Home e Press to clear the edit line o Press iii CLEAR to clear the edit line and the display history 146 Getting Started Display Modes MODES You can set the Home modes in E MODES You make your selections using an input form To fill out an input form see Using Input Forms after this table The Decimal Mark setting affects all aplets as well as Home When you are done setting MODES press to return to the Home screen Angle Measure Angle values are Degrees 360 degrees in a circle Radians 27 radians in a circle Grads 400 grads in a circle Number Format Standard Full precision display Fixed Displays results rounded to a number of decimal places Example 123 456789 becomes 123 4568 in Fixed 4 format Scientific Displays result with an exponent one digit to the left of the decimal point and the specified number of decimal places Example 123 456789 becomes 1 23E2 in Scientific 2 format Engineering Displays result with an exponent that is a multiple of 3 and the specified number of significant digits beyon
176. y part You must include the parentheses and the comma 5 Use the cursor keys to move to a different row or column You can change the direction that the highlight automatically advances by pressing GO to display Go gt or GO For no automatic movement display Go 6 When done press MATRIX to see the Matrix catalog or press to return to the Home screen for calculations or start any other activity such as an aplet you want The matrix entries are automatically stored ORREN TIORI f M2 3 ELEMENT REAL VECTOR M3 183 COMPLEX MATRIX M4 181 REAL MATRIX MS 141 REAL MATRIX y EMIT NEH FEND RECH ate Ko EWT IN 505 EIS The Matrix Catalog automatically lists the correct matrix dimensions A matrix is listed with two dimensions even if it is 3X1 A vector is listed with one dimension such as 3 6 2 Using Matrices To edit a In the Matrix catalog highlight the matrix name you want and matrix press EDIT instead of NEW Keys EDIT Opens the highlighted matrix for editing NEW Prompts for a matrix type then opens an empty matrix with the highlighted name SEND Transmits the highlighted matrix to another HP 38G or a disk drive Works like sending an aplet chapter 1 RECV Receives a transmitted matrix from another HP 38G or a disk drive Works like receiving an aplet chapter 1 DEL Clears the highlighted
177. y ty value 1 Negation Also accepts complex numbers value Power x raised to y Also accepts complex numbers value 4 power Absolute value For a complex number this is fx y ABS value ABS x y Takes the nth root of x rootNTHROOTvalue Example 3 x 8 returns 2 Mathematical Calculations 2 15 Calculus Functions TAYLOR You will find the symbols for the calculus functions derivative and integral in the CHARS menu E8 CHARS as well as the MATH menu Differentiates expression with respect to the variable of differentiation Use a formal variable s1 etc for a non numeric result avanable expression Example s1 s1 3 s1 returns 2 s1 3 Integrates expression from lower to upper limits with respect to the variable of integration To find the definite numeric integral both limits must have numeric values that is be numbers or real variables To find the indefinite integral one of the limits must be a formal variable s1 etc f dower upper expression variable Example f 0 s1 2 X 3 X COPY finds the indefinite result 3 s1 2 si 2 2 Calculates the nth order Taylor s polynomial of expression at the point where the given variable 0 TAYLOR expression vanable n 2 16 Mathematical Calculations Complex These functions are for complex numbers only You can also Number use complex numbers with all trigonometric and hyperbolic Functions fu

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