Graflex B Series Operating Instructions
Contents
1. Directions for Ope rating GRAFLEX Serres B REVOLVING BACK GRAFLEX Series ACK GRAFLEX Series D Revolvi Graflex Series B Back Gralex Series B Revolving Back Graflex Series D ER GRAFLEX CORPORATION ROCHESTER N Y Ne E Directions for Operating Graflex Series B Revolving Back Graflex Series B Revolving Back Graflex Series D FOCUSING Release the spring catch L and raise the cover which automatically extends the Focusing Hood Press down the two side arms locking the Focusing Hood in rigid position Rack the lens out with the focusing pinion S which causes the lens cover to open instantly exposing the lens SETTING THE Press the lever H down until the mirror locks MIRROR in focusing position THE SHUTTER The metal plate attached to the side of the SPEED PLATE camera gives the approximate shutter speeds in fractional parts of seconds obtainable with the various combinations of curtain apertures and tensicn numbers THE CURTAIN The shutter curtain contains 5 apertures rang APERTURES ing from full opening O to 4 of an inch When the letter O appears at F the shutter is wide open The other apertures 1144 34 34 and follow in rotation at F as key A is turned to the left SETTING THE Push down lever H Slide the bar D to the SHUTTER CURTAIN left exposing I indicating instantaneous ex posure Wind the curtain by turning key A to2. of the subject thereby gaining the advantage of full exposures and the ability to use smaller lens openings which will give greater depth of focus To decrease a given shutter speed 1 3 for movement at 45 degrees or 2 3 for oncoming subjects use the second lower speed on Graflex exposure plate for 1 3 less and oo fifth lower exposure for 2 3 less Example 1000 825 680 Right angles gt 550 440 45 degrees 4 less m gt 350 295 235 Toward camera 24 less gt a FOLMER GRAFLEX CORPORATION ROCHESTER N Y 5 29 CH 5
3. Pressure upon the shutter release causes the mirror to rise just before the curtain drops closing the exposing aperture TIME EXPOSURES Press down lever H and slide the bar D to the right exposing T indicating time exposures Wind the curtain until the letter T is registered at F After focusing the image release the mirror by pressing the shutter lever and commence the exposure by a gentle backward pressure on lever M At the expiration of the required time terminate the exposure by a second pressure on lever M VERTICAL AND With the revolving back models press button X HORIZONTAL and revolve the back to vertical horizontal or PICTURES any intermediate position This can be done without danger of fogging the plate or film when the dark slide is drawn With the non revolving back models the camera must be held on its side DEPTH OF FOCUS Depth of focus is the distance from the nearest to the farthest objects that appear sharp when the lens is focused on any given point This depth of focus depends on the focal length of the lens and the size of the stop used The depth of focus increases as the focal length of the lens and the diameter of the stop decrease It is sometimes desirable to have such great depth of focus that practically all of the picture from foreground to distance will be fairly sharp To secure such general sharpness the stop used should not be larger than f 8 and the lens should be focused on an object at th
4. aces JE a wa ar a agla 50 235 295 350 440 550 680 825 Baseball a _ te FOALS Ba Autos in Street a 100 110 135 195 235 295 350 440 A a e ee E an en eee E oaa PTI ms lt Horse Racing amp 25 680 825 1000535 Motor Boats E a foe a Divi 50 350 440 550 680 825 1000 om Iving Views from ag i 1o TOWARD CAMERA l Auto Races 45 25 1000 550 680 825 1000 45 50 680 825 1000 535 100 350 44 990 680 825 1000 Motorcycles Aeroplanes 60 MILES Fast Trains SADAT g How to Use Table to Stop Motion at right angles to Camera Find the subject group and the exposure for movement at right angles to camera will be found in the square on the line of distance of object and under focal length of lens Example Subject 2 Motor Boat Distance 50 Feet Speed of Subject 30 Miles per hour Focal Length of Lens 63 Exposure 1 550th of a second The shutter speeds given are necessary to stop the motion The lens opening must be regulated to meet the prevailing light conditions For bright days it is suggested that Stop f 8 be used with expo sures 1 195 to 1 350 f 5 6 with exposures 1 350 to 1 550 f 4 5 for exposures 1 680 to 1 1000 On hazy or dull days with same exposure proportionately larger lens openings should be used It is not advisable to operate the shutter at a higher speed than is necessary to stop movement
5. e hyperfocal distance rather than at 100 feet or at infinity The hyperfocal distance is the nearest point to the camera that has satisfactory sharpness when the lens is focused on infinity This distance varies with the size of the stop used By focusing an object at the hyperfocal distance of the stop used objects from one half this distance to infinity will be satisfactorily sharp To secure general sharpness from approximately 22 feet to infinity focus on the distance shown in heavy figures in the table opposite the focal length of the lens and use the stop indicated at the head of that column Example For 514 inch focus lens focus at 46 feet use stop f 11 and objects will be in focus from 23 feet to infinity 3 HYPERFOCAL DISTANCES STOPF 4 5 5 6 8 i 16 22 32 436 w 57 40 29 20 14 10 mo 5 uz 90 63 46 3y 23 16 Sp 63 15r 127 gsr 62 48 BV 2r mS 74 208 167 ny 85 59 43 29 lt 5 3 268 25 151 108 7 a5 38 10 370 297 209 151 107 76 53 12 534 429 301 219 151 no 76 The nearer the point focused upon the greater the loss in depth of focus unless the lens stop is decreased in diameter sufficiently to give the required sharpness to objects in foreground and background Table below shows the nearest and fart
6. en Roads amp Fields Snow Scenes Beach Views Nearby Vessels and Boats Light Buildings Athletic Events from Grandstand Open Park Views Snow Scenes with Ob jects Nearby Large Figures or Groups in the Open Vessels at Wharf Medium Buildings Light Streets wide _ Shady Park Views Figures in Shade of Building or in Direct Light with Dark o1 Foliage Background Dark Buildings Light City Street Cloudy Shady Porch Groups Dull Bright 20 Shady Driveway Sun 30 X ews wie Over Sa anging Trees H 10 Figures under Piazza ney 20 or Pergola S i Cloudy Dark City Street Dull v 10 ee GRAFLEX EXPOSURES FOR STOPPING MOTION AT RIGHT ANGLES TO CAMERA One third less will stop motion at 45 degrees i Two thirds less will stop motion directly toward or from camera FA Pa 7 FOCAL LENGTH OF LENS O O Doa eaaa 43 53 oy 73 83 107 1127 Pedestrians uu ee ee ene N a Cattle 50 90 110 135 160 195 235 350 at _ a Average Views i00 90 110 135 160 195 235 350 25 235 295 350 440 550 680 825 Street Traffic Spe ae ee n Boatine S 50 110 135 160 235 295 350 440 Children Sig a Se E Playing 100 90 110 135 160 195 235 295 5 15 ee a A a See pee jas S mee E a M A E E a4 O 25 4 atntotin g 25 440 550 680 825 1000 Boat R
7. hest objects in focus when lenses of different focal lengths are focused with stop f 8 upon points at different distances from camera DEPTH OF FOCUS Distances focused meee orga a 6 FT 12 FT 25 FT 50 FT 486 62 85 9 7 1566 22 Infinity z 51 65 79 10 15 18 41 28 Infinity ze 634 67 78 1014 1334 19 35 81 121 a 744 6814 76 1034 1314 2014 32 35 88 80 81 69 75 11 18 21 30 3744 75 E 10 70314 73 1 11 4 1234 2214 29 4 65 La de aA pon GRAFLEX EXPOSURE TABLE FOR VIEWS Approximately Correct Exposures with Stop F 8 Exposures with stops LARGER or SMALLER than F 8 should be respective DECREASED or INCREASED ONE HALF with each succeeding ieee May June Mar Apr jJan Feb or smaller stop used July Aug Sept Oct Nov Dee Example Third group May Bright 9 A M to 3 P M 160 FS8 Stop numbers F 4 5 5 6 6 3 8 11 16 22 32 11 9 Relative exposure 350 235 160 80 40 20 10 a m a m Table shows exposures with Graflex Film Eastman Film Eastman 40 Plates 1 3 With Kodak Cut Film Super Speed shutter speed can be increased one third RS fee Landscapes i Distant Mountains ek Vessels Beach Views Snow Scenes River Views Aviators in Flight Open Views fromTrain f Landscapes Op
8. the left until the required aperture appears at F If the curtain is set at a smaller aperture than required release the curtain by pressing lever M to the left until the proper aperture number is registered at F Example If the subject requires an exposure of 1 160 of a second register the 24 curtain aperture at F and tension 3 at G CAUTION A safety lock prevents the rewinding of the curtain before the mirror is set in focusing posi tion This prevents fogging of the film making it necessary to set the mirror with the lever H before rewinding the shutter curtain REGULATING THE Tension or pull on the curtain is regulated by SHUTTER SPEED turning the milled head B to the right until the required tension number appears at G The numbers run from 1 to 6 the highest number indicating the greatest speed If the tension number is set at a higher tension than required release tension of spring by sliding escapement P up and down until the proper tension number is registered at G INSTANTANEOUS After the shutter has been set and the image EXPOSURES on the Ground Glass Focusing Screen properly focused the exposure is made by one gentle downward pressure of the release lever located on the forward left hand side of the camera body The pressure on the lever simul taneously releases the mirror and curtain Slow instantaneous expo sures of about 1 5 second can be made with the curtain set at O full opening and tension No 1
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