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Furuno FCR-1010 User's Manual

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2. Interpreting the Display In the previous section some of the characteristics and limitations of radar were discussed Now its time to take a look at what you can expect to see on the radar screen What shows up on the screen isn t likely to match exactly what is seen on a navigation chart A radar cannot see through a mountain in the path between your boat and the harbor nor can it see a small boat directly behind a large ship since both the mountain and the larger vessel effectively shield the radar from the desired target To aid you in target identification the echoes appearing on the display are quantized in eight levels or displayed in three colors according to their intensity The brightest intensity echoes are probably from steel ships or piers or other good targets Poor targets for example wooden boats appear in the weakest intensities The ability to interpret a radar picture comes through practice and experience Practice should be done during clear weather in daytime since you can compare the picture with what you actually see around you Go to an area you are familiar with and compare the way coastlines buoys and other targets appear on the screen and the way they are drawn on a navigation chart To observe the movement of an echo in relation to your position try running your boat at various speeds and headings Land targets Landmasses are readily recognizable because of the generally steady brilliance of
3. Fire electrical shock or serious injury can result Turn off the power immediately if water leaks into the equipment or the equip ment is emitting smoke or fire Continued use of the equipment can cause fire or electrical shock Do not place liquid filled containers on the top of the equipment Fire or electrical shock can result if a liquid spills into the equipment Keep heater away from equipment Heat can alter equipment shape and cause overheating CAUTION Use the proper fuse Use of a wrong fuse can result in fire or permanent equipment damage Do not use the equipment for other than its intended purpose Personal injury can result if the equipment is used as a chair or stepping stool for example Do not place objects on the top of the equipment The equipment can overheat or personal injury can result if the object falls Safety Instructions for the Installer A DANGER Do not work inside the equipment unless totally familiar with electrical circuits Hazardous voltage which will cause death or serious injury exists inside the equipment A WARNING Wear a safety belt and hard hat when working on the antenna unit Serious injury or death can result if someone falls from the radar antenna mast If applicable turn off the power at the mains switch board before beginning the installation Post a sign
4. 6 Press the FUNCTION touchpad to start automatic tuning Only TUNE I PEAK appears during tuning 7 Upon completion of tuning about 5 seconds TUNE PEAK is replaced by PEAK OK Then about 15 seconds later PEAK OK disappears from the display 8 Return the TUNE switch to the AUTO position Adjustments 6 INSTALLATION Relative bearing alignment You have mounted the scanner unit facing straight ahead in the direction of the bow Therefore a small but conspicuous target dead ahead visually should appear on the heading mark Zero degree In practice you will probably observe some small error on the display for most installations because of the difficulty in achieving accurate initial positioning of the scanner unit The following adjustment will compensate for this error If you don t know how to do it weil it s best you leave this part to a qualified technician Remember that the radome fixing bolts remain untightened They should now be secured if the following alignment is not necessary 1 Identify a suitable target for example ship or buoy at a range between 1 8 to 1 4 miles preferably near the heading mark To minimize error keep echoes in the outer half of the picture by changing the range 2 Measure the bearing to the target by operating the trackball The bearing is shown at the bottom center of the screen 3 Using a compass card visually find the relative bearing to the target 4 Compare the bearing
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6. In all cases return the gain to its original position after any temporary reduction is no longer required 2 6 Basic Operation 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW Adjusting the A C SEA control Echoes from waves can be troublesome covering the central part of the display with random signals known as sea clutter The higher the waves and the lower the scanner above the water the further the clutter will extend Sea clutter appears on the screen as a many smail echoes which might affect radar performance see Figure 2 6 A The A C SEA control reduces the amplification of echoes at short ranges where clutter is the greatest and to progressively increase amplification as the range increases so amplification will be normal at those ranges where there is no sea clutter The control is effective up to about 4 miles The proper setting of the A C SEA should be such that the clutter is broken up into small dots and small targets become distinguishable If the control is not sufficiently advanced other targets will be hidden in the clutter while if it is set too high sea clutter and targets will both disappear from the screen In most cases turn the control clockwise until clutter has disappeared to leeward but a little is still visible windward Figure 2 6 illustrates how to adjust the control s 4 EN Md A Sea clutter A C SEA OFF B A C SEA properly adjusted Figure 2 6 Adjusting the A C SEA Control Tips on
7. 1 Asterisk Guard zone fixed nn GUARD w Fa i ss colored Mert PT white 4mm Press GUARD again i 3 Asterisk blinks GUARD CL 2m Se Pa i A ee 7 Move cursor to point C or D Asterisk biinks i 7 GUARD 4 L colored light blue MN 3 Figure 2 16 Setting Guard Zone 2 19 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW Shifting the Display shifting the Display The own ship s position can be shifted to any position within the current range The primary advantage of the shifted display is that for any range setting the view ahead of your own ship can be extended without changing the range Place the cursor where you want the screen center to be and then press the SHIFT NAV touchpad function indication ia To restore normal operation press the touchpad again NOTE If the cursor is not within the current range when the touchpad is pressed an audible beep sounds and the outermost range ring blinks twice even if the range rings are off Place cursor where desired B Display shifts press SHIFT NAV touchpad B Display shifts Figure 2 17 Shifting the Display 2 20 Plotting 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW Plotting This function plots the movement of other ships relative to your own ship Press the PLOT DIM touchpad function indication amp to start plotting The indication PLO
8. 2 14 zoom 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW Zoom The zoom feature allows you to double the area between own ship and an arbitrary location to take a closer look at an area of interest without changing the range Note that this function cannot be turned on when the shift function is on 1 Operate the trackball to place the cursor on the target you want or area you want to zoom 2 Press the ZOOM BRILL touchpad function indica tion i The indication ZOOM appears and blinks NOTE When the cursor position is not within the current range when the touchpad is pressed an audible beep sounds and the outermost range ring blinks twice even if the rings are off 3 To turn off the zoom press the ZOOM BRILL or SHIFT NAV touchpad or change the range Valid screen area mL 7 MUR heading gt mark Screen center JN x D cursor Ed equal distance ZOOM 2 ZOOM Indication Figure 2 14 Using the Zoom Feature 2 15 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW Measuring Range and Bearing Between Two Targets Measuring Range and Bearing Between Two Targets The origin of EBL1 can be placed anywhere with the trackball to provide measurements of bearing and range between two targets This function is also useful for assessing possible collision situations TARGET B In the example below we will find the range TARGET A and bearing between targets A and B ARG CURSOR 1
9. FUUJLS2UUJ NL ICOD OPERATOR S MANUAL COLOR RADAR move FCR 1010 p FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD NISHINOMIYA JAPAN FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD 9 52 Ashihara cho Nishinomiya Japan 862 Telephone 0798 55 2111 Telefax 0798 65 4200 ALT rights reserved i Printed in Japan ee ee PUB No OME 33510 HIMA FCR 1010 Your Local Agent Dealer FIRST EDITION DEC 1990 E AUG 28 1997 INSTRUCTIONS Safety Instructions for the Operator A DANGER Do not open the equipment Hazardous voltage which will cause death or serious injury exists inside the equipment Only qualified personnel should work inside the equip ment A WARNING Turn off the radar power switch before servicing the antenna unit Post a warn ing sign near the switch indicating it should not be turned on while the antenna unit is being serviced Prevent the potential risk of exposure to RF radiation hazard Wear a safety belt and hard hat when working on the antenna unit J Serious injury or death can result if someone falls from the radar antenna mast Stay away from transmitting antenna The radar antenna emits mi crowave radiation which can be harmful to the human body particularly the eyes Never look directly into the antenna radiator from a distance of less than 1 meter when the radar is in operation A WARNING Do not disassemble or modify the equipment
10. 3 Scanner Unit 0 ee ees es e e ha me er lll 9 OUTLINE DRAWINGS eee eme eme este eerte DH ee eese rhe m m D 1 Scanner Unit eee ee eee nnn e rt hr hn n hmmm D 2 Hi This page intentionally left blank FOREWORD Congratulations on your choice of the FURUNO FCR 1010 Color Radar We are confident you will see why the FURUNO name has become synonymous with quality and reliability For over 40 years FURUNO Electric Company has enjoyed an enviable reputation for quality and reliability throughout the world This dedication to excellence is furthered by our extensive global network of agents and dealers The FCR 1010 is just one of many Furuno developments in the field of radar It is compact and light weight and while it is suitable for use on a wide variety of vessels you should consult with your Furuno dealer to determine whether it is suitable for use on a particular vessel Your Furuno dealer can also advise you as to other Furuno radar units which you can purchase depending on your particular needs and expected uses of the equipment This unit is designed and constructed to give the user many years of trouble free operation However please do not attempt to install operate or conduct any maintenance before carefully reading and following the recommended procedures set forth in this manual While this unit is generally easy to install by following the enclosed installation directio
11. 6 9 Tabletop Mounting 6 9 6 INSTALLATION Display Unit installation Bulkhead or overhead mounting 1 Referring to Figure 6 10 change the location of the fixing plate mounting base bottom plate and cover 9 amp 99 COACH SCREW or amp M10 HEX BOLT FIXING PLATE MOUNTING BASE MH M8x40 HEX BOLTS s 2 pcs CAP 9 M6x16 HEX BOLT 2 pes 4 pes BOTTOM PLATE S b M3x6 PAN HEAD SCREW 4 pcs DISPLAY UNIT M4x10 COSMETIC SCREW 6 pcs COVER Figure 6 10 Display Unit Bulkhead or Overhead Mounting Now comes the wiring part For general wiring diagram see page 6 13 Antenna connection Connect the interconnection multicore cable from the scanner unit at the back of the display unit 6 10 Display Unit Installation 6 INSTALLATION Power connection This radar is designed for 12 24 or 32 volt battery systems Internal wiring and fuse changes are needed for 12 VDC input voltage if voltage requirement is not specified when ordering A piece of gear of this quality deserves to have a circuit breaker dedicated to it alone The size of the wire feeding power to the unit should be no less than AWG 14 2 0 mm square Refer to the figure below for how to assemble the power connector supplied 1 Remove the vinyl sheath by 35 mm taking care not to nick the shielding VINYL SHEATH mesh Then slide the mesh back y 2 Remove the inner sheath by 10 mm 3LEAD WIRE P
12. 9 S v 5 e ONNIN ws 0 0 6 O OO m w 86152 E 220 9 68 18 00 323 ILAS L990 070L7 0E0L7 0L0L H34 310N ISIMYIHLO CALON SS3INN SOViVJ duo NI JJNYLIJYVdVIJ MSZO SWHO NI 32NVISIS3S TIV 9 1 SNIVW S dIHS HLIM SNOILJJNNOJ 39NVHD MSTO ULSUD HOUR REM C ILON 3 8 310 eee 71 m re B0ELY r 1 MS NV CZE amp ace fF a 1 P K tap id XLS UG oveby 0 S ilo i 60 Ob 4 939 EQ3 zogo WIL AZ uMd 6 d LOELYD 51 ue j zo cg17H REINS eS nd 1 L 2 XEL E OQ 6 09 2d ND 1 O 30 11 Dt HERS D DK NA d ior zat ASTC 44 2 OI OTL zoen Atc Ed S 9470 g Nic cd AS HHO ozy 05 0 m Tessa S30 AEET lt 5 pssi D yio 3 82 r3 H pn GS bed 400 PTT 80226 3399 N r I 21n L NO O1 c Re aif Q NICE 7 01 0001 QUU ZA qvsz zo ni Er Nic Y LT JAM 588 vox do dtes AG INV lt 5 CEZ0 dH OP KOCH A LNVS 9 t iz QUT 1 O 3 494A A00 l N lt L vuDsbi O MZ292OU 40 A lt 9 4 Land i 3 79 49 1 50157 H 1 34 D a T fA S EL
13. Display EBL1 on the screen EBL2 cannot EBL1 be offset NOTE Do each step within 5 6 seconds of 1 the next otherwise the later action cannot be accepted If this occurs do the previous step again 2 Press the OFFSET T R touchpad function indication fl The EBL origin jumps to the cursor location NOTE When EBLI is not on the screen an audible beep sounds 3 Operate the trackball to place the cursor on target A 4 Press the EBL1 2 OFF touchpad The EBL origin is fixed at the cursor location and the EBL can be rotated by operating the track ball 5 Operate the trackball so the EBL bisects target B Figure 2 15 a Measuring BRG Between Two Targets 2 16 Measuring Range and Bearing Between Two Targets 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW 6 To measure the range between target A and B press the VRM 1 2 OFF function indica tion iw to display VRM1 A short VRM1 also appears on EBL1 i short VRM1 VRM1 7 Operate the trackball to place the short VRM1 on target B The range to the target is shown at the VRM readout Figure 2 15 b Measuring RNG Between Two Targets 2 17 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW Guard Alarm Guard Alarm The alarm allows the operator to set the desired range 0 to maximum range and bearing 0 to 360 degrees for a guard zone When ships islands landmasses etc come into the guard zone an audible alarm sounds to call the operator s attention The alarm is very eff
14. Own ship s heading also appears if a gyrocompass is connected When the radar is transmitting any echoes from targets appear on the display 2 4 Basic Operation 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW If this is your first radar you may want to take a closer look at the display The outermost frame on the screen marked in degrees is the bearing scale The solid radial line at 0 degrees is the heading mark The heading mark is always on the screen and shows own ship s heading The nearly invisible line rotating radially around the screen is the sweep This lets the operator know that the radar is functioning properly The sweep rotates synchronously with the scanner so at any given time the direction in which the scanner is pointing is known With every rotation echoes appear on the sweep as brighter spots of light thus presenting a complete picture of the surrounding area Placing the radar in stand by helps extend component life Therefore when you won t be using the radar for an extended period of time but you want to keep it in a state of readiness setitto ST BY mode by pressing the TX OFF touchpad Range selection The range selected automatically determines the fixed range ring interval the number of fixed range rings pulselength and pulse repetition rate for optimal detection in both short and long ranges Many ranges are either half or twice their neighbor for easy identification of targets when changing the range The range and r
15. SCANNER switch in VR compartment is off e Jammed scanner rotating mechanism Defective scanner motor B801 e Defective motor control circuit 4 Picture out of synch Defective SPU Board SPU 8760 e MAIN Board of CRT assembly On the MAIN Board adjust potentiometers VRS H FREQ and VR1 V FREQ for vertical and horizontal synchronization respectively 5 Sweep rotation is not synchronized with antenna rofation e Defective bearing pulse generator circuit in scanner unit e Defective SPU Board SPU 8760 6 No bearing signal BP SIG MISSING appears on screen in the ST BY mode e Loose connector DJ DP 1 on the display unit e Defective SPU Board SPU 8760 5 3 5 TROUBLESHOOTING Checking the Magnetron 7 Marks and legends appear but no echo nor noise appear e Discontinuity or short circuit of video signal coaxial cable e Defective IF Board IF 7758 e Defective SPU Board SPU 8760 8 Poor sensitivity Deteriorated magnetron V801 Refer to CHECKING THE MAGNETRON below e Detuned MIC 11801 e Confirm the TUNE Switch S2 on the ADJ Board is set to AUTO TUNE See Figure 6 15 on page 6 16 9 Noise marks and indications appears but no echo 9 Defective SPU Board SPU 8760 e Discontinuity of trigger line of video signal coaxial cable e Defective MD Board MD 7918 e Magnetron heater voltage not applied Refer to page 6 20 9 Defective magnetron V801 Refer to CHECKING THE MAGNE
16. The FUNCTION touchpad alternately enables the functions of the dual function touchpads SHIFT NAV ZOOM BRILL PLOT DIM EBL 1 2 OFF OFFSET T R and VRM 1 2 OFF Each time the touchpad is pressed the function indication see Figure 2 9 shifts up or down to show which function is active For example the functions of the SHIFT NAV touchpad are shifting the display and turning the navigation data display on and off To enable the shift function therefore you would press the FUNCTION touchpad to set the indication upward ii The function indication appears also throughout the text of this manual to let you know which of its positions is required to enable a function FUNCTION INDICATION FUNCTION W Touchpad IT EE P ESL 159 327 9 05 MM 5 7204 BKGHND 232 5 B5 1 T 11 4 N Example For PLOT DIM Example For ZOOM BRILL touchpad PLOT function touchpad BRILL function can be turned on display screen brilliance is enabled Figure 2 9 How the FUNCTION Touchpad Works 2 9 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW Measuring Range and Bearing Measuring Range and Bearing In the basic radar system your ship is in the center of the screen and any target received appears in a map like projection throughout 360 degrees This allows the bearing and range from your boat to a target appearing on the screen to be measured Range You can measure the range to a target three ways by the fixed rang
17. adjusting A C SEA 1 A common mistake is to over adjust the control so all the clutter is removed By rotating the control fully clockwise you will see how the center of the screen becomes dark This dark zone can be dangerous targets may be missed especially if the gain is not properly adjusted Always leave a little clutter visible on the screen to be sure weak echoes will not be suppressed If there is no clutter leave the control in the fully counterclockwise position 2 The GAIN is normally set to the point where there is a trace of noise speckles showing on the screen on the 12 or 24 mile range and then adjust the A C SEA control on the 0 25 mile range scale so you can see close in targets in a harbor situation clearly This equalizes the GAIN and A C SEA characteristics for all ranges 3 In moderate conditions on the open sea where there are no definite targets on the shorter ranges you should still adjust the GAIN on the 12 or 24 mile range for some noise speckles on the display and then go down to the 0 5 or 0 75 mile range to adjust the A C SEA until you can see a bit of sea clutter close to the boat 2 7 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW Basic Operation Tuning the radar receiver 1255 eveous o A The radar receiver is tuned automatically each time you turn on the power thus there is no front panel control for adjustment of the receiver To show the automatic tuning circuit is working a tuning bar displays tuni
18. and one 20 mm 3 4 hole for the vent tube There is a vent tube on the base of the scanner unit which should face the stern direction The unit is adjusted so that a target echo returned from the bow direction will be shown on the 0 degree heading marker position on the screen When drilling holes take care that the holes are parallel with the fore and aft line In very hot and humid climates moisture may condense inside the radome causing cor rosion To prevent this the vent tube is fitted This tube allows the radome to breathe while not allowing entry of water from outside into the radome Therefore make sure the tube is kept free of foreign materials and is not pinched or kinked The vent tube extends downward by 27 mm 1 1 from the radome base Ensure the vent tube extends downward before installing the radome See Figure 6 5 3 Prepare a platform of 5 10 mm in thickness for the scanner unit Find the vent tube on the radome base Next position the radome base so the vent tube faces the stern direction This alignment must be as accurate as possible SHIP S BOW ASSY CABLE ENTRY STERN 27 HOLE FOR CABLE ENTRY M10x25 HEX BOLT 20 HOLE FOR VENT TUBE NOTE Use torque wrench to fix bolts fixing torque 200 250 kg cm to be prepared N M10x25 HEX BOLT locally 4 pcs Figure 6 4 Fixing the Radome to a Platform 6 4 Scanner Unit Installation 6 INSTALLATION 610 275 SCANNER BASE P
19. circuitry The ECHO STRETCH touchpad magnifies these small blips in all ranges When the echo stretch function is on the indication ES appears at the upper right hand side of the screen and the echoes are doubled lengthwise To turn off the echo stretch press the touchpad again NOTE This function magnifies not only targets but also sea clutter and radar interference For this reason be sure the controls for adjustment of sea clutter and radar interference are properly adjusted before activating the echo stretch 2 23 This page intentionally left blank 2 24 3 APPLICATION As an aid to navigation radar can be a very valuable tool No other navigation aid can give you the ability to spot vessels coming at you in the fog or tell you the location of the inlet to the harbor in the pitch black of night To help you understand better what your radar can and cannot do for you this section covers the characteristics and limitations of radar picture interpretation and position fixing with radar Factors Affecting Minimum Range Targets disappearing from the screen when at close ranges can be dangerous For this reason detection of targets at short ranges is very important Minimum range is determined primari ly by transmitter pulselength The shorter the transmission time the sooner the return echoes can be received and their distance measured This radar automatically determines the pulselength for both short and long r
20. measured in step 2 and 3 above and calculate the direction and magnitude of the bearing error If the error is within 30 degrees go to step 9 to correct the error at the display unit If the error is greater than 30 degrees first make initial adjustments at the scanner unit and then fine tune at the display unit HEADING MARK Bearing on Radar Bearing on Chart Figure 6 16 Calculating Bearing Error 5 Open the radome and slightly loosen the two screws which secure the heading mark key mounting plate See Figure 6 18 Overloosening makes fine adjustment difficult 6 Adjust the position of the heading mark key moving to the aft or fore direction if the bearing A is greater or smaller than bearing B respectively Note that it is necessary to correct the error only so it is within 30 degrees 6 17 6 INSTALLATION 7 Tighten the fixing screws Adjustments 8 Close the radome cover on the radome base assembly being careful of its direction The narrower recessed portion should face the bow direction 9 Press and hold down the FUNCTION touchpad until the INSTALLATION menu appears 10 With either RANGE touchpad select HEADING The indications HEADING and 0 0 appear 11 Press the FUNCTION touchpad The tuning 12 13 14 15 range markers white appear See Figure 6 17 a Identify a suitable target for example ship or buoy at a range between 1 8 to 1 4 miles preferably near the hea
21. n n har 2 21 NAVIGATION DATA 2 cc ce centre eben n s 9m m mur 2 22 BETTER DISTINCTION OF ECHOES 2 ccc ccc eee hh mh Hm n 2 23 3 APPLICATION LLueeeeeee seen nnne enne nennen nnne nn nnn nnne ne nn nene nenne nnn 3 1 FACTORS AFFECTING MINIMUM RANGE 2 0 ee cee enhn n 3 1 Sea reU hm he m er et 3 1 Vertical beamwidth 20 eee eee hh hh hh 3 1 FACTORS eh han 3 2 Radar horizon ee eee eee hh ba a aras 3 2 Target properties 2 0 0 0 eee eee hh e na 3 3 Table of Contents INTERPRETING THE ee eee ete nett 3 4 Land targetS 2 0 0 0 ce hama hh he eh eens 3 4 Ship targets ee ee ee ee m hr Ie he hama 8 5 Echo 5 76 m IA IIl 3 5 FALSE ECHOES ccc ec rnt hh 3 0 Multiple echoes 22 ee ett ee eee eee nee hn 3 6 Side Lobe Echoes 0 ec eee eee teen ehh hh e heh A n 3 6 Blind and shadow sectors ce eee errr tees hmmm e men 3 7 Indirect echoes 2 cece en ne ee eee ee ee hr tar 3 7 RADAR PICTURE AND CORRESPONDING CHART eee eee cee n 3 8 POSITION FIXING WITH RADAR bbe eee cee ene te ee een eee eee e eee ne este nnes 3 9 By radar range 2 ee cee eee hh hh a
22. the sector are being Observed Nor can it be satisfactorily determined in confined waters because of the prob ability of indirect false or multiple echoes being produced from nearby buildings or other vessels Shadow caused by mast Figure 6 19 Appearance of a Shadow Sector on the Display Screen 6 21 6 INSTALLATION Measurement of Blind Shadow Sectors The result of the above measurement should be recorded on a blind shadow sector diagram Figure 6 21 is an example of a shadow sector diagram for the scanner unit sited as in Figure 6 20 The blind shadow sector diagram should be fixed near the display unit 270 BLIND SECTOR Figure 6 20 Shadows Caused by Objects Figure 6 21 Shadow Sector Diagram 6 22 OD 1819313 ONNYNSA J LO3 LSEED WVYOVIC NOI L 3NNOOSH3ANI 9 371411 2 t 310N iB idd X 3uvds 18290 3uvdS ONUD Y 3uvds 3A X SNINnL ATI YNDIS 03014 KR G Nng Oyo 8 vas 2 Y 38 4 NIv9 NIVM 37V gl Odd 38 14 NU NI 9NINGL a at Og GH 1 ama amp 8 UHM EH 351 4 38 NUS 8 EHION3 TS Wid L I 018 ab LIHLON313S NA 9 AS we 1 4359181 SX q1 1 n X 4 Au 4 3 H 31 B AL E 80538 4 on
23. unit grounded S Sweep not rotating e Is the SCANNER switch turned on See Figure 6 15 on page 6 16 e Is the antenna plug loose e Is the 4 way connector P J802 inside the scanner loose See Figure 6 7 on page 6 7 Advanced Troubleshooting 5 TROUBLESHOOTING Advanced Troubleshooting Advanced troubleshooting replacement of defective parts and repair of this equipment involves exposure to high voltage capacitors which can cause severe personal injury or death Only qualified personnel totally familiar with electrical circuits and service manual should work inside the display unit or scanner unit Before beginning work inside either unit read the safety information at the beginning of this chapter Typical problems and their causes 1 Power cannot be turned on panel does not light e Defective FIL Board e POWER SUPPLY Board Measure voltage between J1301 1 and 4 on the POWER SUPPLY Board It should be 10 2 to 20 3 VDC for 12 VDC systems or 20 4 to 40 0 VDC for 24 and 32 volt systems See Figure 5 1 on page 5 5 2 Power can be applied but nothing appears on the display Check if the CRT heater is lit If it is lit the CRT is functioning normally e CRT high voltage e CRT SOCKET Board MAIN Board Adjust potentiometer VR6 INT BRT on the MAIN Board to display radar echoes If not possible CRT unit may be defective e Defective SPU Board SPU 8760 3 Scanner does not rotate or rotates too fast slow e
24. with the own ship s position To turn the navigation data display on or off press the SHIFT NAV touchpad function indication To display TDs instead of L L while pressing and holding down the HM OFF touchpad press the SHIFT NAV touchpad function indication amp If the output format is FURUNO CIF a jumper wire must be connected to JPI on the SPU Board in the display unit See the note below For the location of JP1 see Figure 5 2 Note that for CIF format the bearing measurement method Magnetic or True does not appear for bearing to waypoint data Q 2 115 0 PLOT 30 2 0NM c AR WAYPOINT RANGE TO WAYPOINT BEARING TO WAYPOINT M Magnetic T True M nor T appear in CIF format LL WP PO OWN SHIP S POSITION 34 938 99S 6 0NM 4 SKT latitude and longitude 135919 22E 171 6 M ZOOM SHIP S SPEED EBL RM 44 3 R 9 S 73NM 117 5 R 316 5 Mi 11 4NM o Figure 2 19 Navigation Data on the Screen DANGER Making modifications to this equipment may involve exposure to high voltage which can cause severe personal injury or death Work of this nature should be performed only by a qualified service technician 2 22 Better Distinction of Echoes 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW Better Distinction of Echoes Normally the reflected echoes from long distance targets appear on the screen as weaker and smaller blips even though they are compensated by the radar s internal
25. zir u a E 310N NOI1d0 EALE e j i FUN S SDAdH A0SZ vas 2 Y WoL eszose NOHLdO lt E4 C i yw l 00L QV NIMY Ho p osxid3ANO d y EO gr og XA c 2d e pty NS wW ro IV AYN OL rt DE GA WQW 7 VERRY bait od sg PU 3 YO ppd gag or gt gt TagOX rtrd bt ZSE E 310N IPO S NM enw gt _ gt 8 C NOIL ecc r 74 2409 05 dL 672 L LE 99 gt r te_ot t rt S9 Td M B amp CEC WE VAQEZ 0ZZ 01L 001 tyas p tC ur WO 9ZZESEO 3 00 MEME S9md A HE CECB s dot d ws zozeseo oo ii 4 amp GtC H 95i cma aececuwx als T2 b 1 b o gt 5 w 1 SNIYW S dIHS Hfd i L Saye m i PH NOILdO M 65 331 Jl L33H tt wy 5 pE XA ECVE HME me P9 pz fre W 4 i 1 4 m9 8 Q5 ux H JUACE 7272 310N ra SEM 0Le IROZ S A LINN AV idSIO 2 Mc BE v e ONT ICD OD 218123713 ONNYNS 0 017324 0 813 E mW 010 7423 Q35 23HO 1 001L 324 LO LSEEJ LINA AV dg Mi Bt e or b 70001 7324 03 ANO 001 0 0L 0 0L H 3 804 ATNO L 310N eoxs8ro001L H24 Z eOSErO001L 070 0E01 H2d bk XE 43544
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27. 5 DJ4 18 lt 3 HD MARKER GROUND gt 6 gt 44 2 2933 1803 B801 TO ANTENNA J804 412v 21 RM 9087 1 fV GROUND gt 2 gt 1 3 20 ENCODER OUT 32 3 lt GROUND 30V gt 4 gt HY801 tS TRIGGER GROUND gt 5 _ FEX73 2 6 MBS SIG J805 P80s 7 lt BANDWIDTH HD MARKER 1 gt 84 p22 HD MARKER 23 cen NRS 101 56 IF 7758C P613 J613 1 lt 2v GROUNDO U801 2d 2V IF QUT oJ RU 8045 3 lt GROUND 5V Q 4 lt TRIGGER vt 6 IF 7 J6 1 IF AMP DJ1 19 i 4 TUNING IND DJ1 23 2 TUNING PEAK k3 DJ 20 lt ____NOTE k 4e A C RAIN DJ4 2 emmm 5 q GAIN 11 3 lt _ lt 6 lt A C SEA ame COO UI NAN o gt oO 3 4 X 74 DJ1 13 8 GROUND l 9 R MONITOR C104 DJ1 22 K 11 GROUND DJ1 21 K 124 VIDEO SIG DJi 4 e 134 TUNING ae NOTE4 FR 7010D FCR 1010 M0DEL1731038 n MODEL1830 1730m 198 ONLY FOR FR 7010D FCR 1010 AND MODEL1731 CONNECTION FOR MODEL1830 1730 FCR 1010 MODEL 1730 1731 FR 7010D amp 1 31 BA x E 5 mo E MODEL 1830 ITEM NAME MATERIAL Q TY DWG NO REMARKS _ 7 A ik E F go p 526 27 APPROVEDIT 7 Acci THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION TITLE zerh i zs R g R g a gm POST DRAWN HATA WEIGHT 3 FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD 378 3 MH3MO0d HOd HOLO3NNOO s GEC A LHR
28. 810 CP03 10820 CP03 10830 FP03 04300 Accessories Spare Parts Installation Materials Connector NJC 203 PF 2 SignalCable S03 21 10 10 m 008 239 050 Assembly S03 21 15 15 m 008 239 060 Select one 503 21 20 20 m Connectors fitted 503 21 30 30 m 008 239 070 008 239 080 Crimp on Lug FV2 4 blue 000 538 118 M10x25 SUS304 000 862 308 for scanner unit M10 SUS304 M10 SUS304 Spring Washer 6 Flat Washer 000 864 261 mounting 000 864 131 xi SPECIFICATIONS Accessories Hood Assembly FP03 03120 008 239 110 for display unit Cosmetic Cap FP03 04310 008 411 810 Spare Parts ENT oA 3 Spare Parts Bos mese Option i 1 NMEA Cable 2250021 3 5 m 1 0389226 10m w connector External Buzzer OP03 21 Two core Cable VV S 2 0x2C 5m Rectifier RU 3425 6 X band MIC RU 8014 Mounting Bracket 1 OP03 92 8 Hoodw Lenz OP05 90 for display unit xii 1 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION The term RADAR is an acronym meaning RAdio Detection And Ranging Although the basic principles of radar were developed during World War II primarily by scientists in Great Britain and the United States the use of echoes as an aid to navigation is not a new development Before the invention of radar when running in fog near a rugged shoreline ships would sound a short
29. DIP Switch 1 12 3 4 N PFhote No 2850 MAGNETRON E MIC gt AMPLIFIER MD Board Board TP803 SCANNER MOTOR 5 6 M Photo No 574 Figure 5 3 Scanner Unit with Cover Removed 5 6 6 INSTALLATION General Mounting Considerations This radar system is mainly composed of two units the display unit and the scanner unit The scanner unit is designed to withstand the rigors of the marine environment and if installed properly is thoroughly waterproof A domed type of scanner unit where the scanner mechanism is enclosed in a thermoplastic dome ensures that halyards and other rigging won t get caught in the rotating scanner The display unit is carefully constructed to be able to withstand the humidity and corrosive atmosphere common in a pilothouse but it is not designed to be used outside exposed to the environment If this radar is to be installed on a small boat the display unit must be mounted inside an enclosed cabinet to prevent corrosion For maximum protection against corrosion by salt spray tape the rear connectors and seal them with putty compounds The display unit consumes only a moderate amount of power so there is no need for forced air ventilation However it is necessary to provide adequate space behind and around the unit to permit circulation of air and to provide convenient access to the rear connectors Eventhough the picture is quite legible even in bright sunli
30. EL ZLEL df eoe c z 9D SVO Eh 05 91 0022 c0 dl 000 L mo a aac E amp P 4 onal S 50 dHS 5 io zd H 3 iD 5 m AS im RE LAU Wong Ae 4 I Ed sc Y 5 XU 0022 INE M SOEL3 i AZS E 4 PSs ED AS b 00b A 7 ZZ uz So gt oy qd amp D A 2 H S b QND 5 QUE j Hors 2 zn 091 022 742 POY b zo w b7 SY gu C b3 A 0823 5 py 2 A064 L E 310N og oozz 05 0022 004 4 gu n 83 WM E 310 LL S0ELD E0ELD 906 2 90 13 ZOELD TI aasa Ip 7 lt m Hs 18 Ea REMARKS DWG NO zx E MATERIAL Q TY 58 HM da 1 ITEM FCR 1010 41030 1040 4100 FR TITLE b 35 Z amp TR POWER SUPPLY PTU 87641A 0d 3 ih THIRD ANGLE PROJECTION iL CHECKED C3351 K03 C FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD E WEIGHT FURUNO 2 3 S 4 RF2 2 RF CHASSIS ERE 282 MD 7918 OTHER THAN DISPLAY UNIT 1801 MD 7918C MODEL 1731 COLD UK YELLOW Dit M44 12 TB801 5 M 2 12V TB802 DA t I lt GROUND HOT k GREEN QA DY D 4 k 54 ty MODULATOR VB01 ko DM 1 lt 6 TRIGGER TP803 9M302 E3513 DJ1 10 amp 7 4 P L 9 8 4 P L B TX HV gt 1 lt 9 lt 2 gt c V 1 J802 h 3D DJ1 14 1 lt i BEARING PULSE HEATER 7 5V p 43 031 16 lt 2 4 MOTORI MAG CUR gt
31. K Figure 6 14 INSTALLATION Menu 4 With either RANGE touchpad select TIMING 5 Press the FUNCTION touchpad Only the indication TIMING appears 6 While looking at the echo selected at step 2 press the RANGE touchpad if the target is _ pulled inward or press the RANGE touchpad if the target is pushed outward 7 Press the FUNCTION touchpad to complete the adjustment 6 15 6 INSTALLATION Adjustments Auto tuning This unit tunes itself automatically each time the power is turned on thus there is no tuning control on the front panel Adjust the tuning circuit as follows to get the best tuning point This adjustment is also needed when the magnetron is replaced 1 Turn on the radar and transmit it on the 24 mile range Wait about ten minutes until the magnetron stabilizes 2 Take off the VR compartment cover Set the TUNE switch to MANUAL The AUTO indication is replaced by MAN FINE TUNE VR TUNE Switch upward AUTO TUNE downward MANUAL TUNE SCANNER Switch COARSE TUNE VR upward ON downward OFF GAIN Preset W Photo No 2853 Figure 6 15 Controls in the VR Compartment 3 Adjust both the coarse and fine TUNE potentiometers so a long range target echo is displayed with maximum sensitivity Note that the tuning bar is not an indicator of tuning at this time please disregard it 4 Press and hold down the FUNCTION touchpad until the INSTALLATION menu appears 5 With either RANGE touchpad select TUNE PEAK
32. LATE PLATFORM FW M10x25 HEX BOLT 27 VENT TUBE Make a hole of 20 mm in platform for vent tube VENT TUBE FITTED AT FACTORY SHIP S BOW 225 CABLE ENTRY 4 M10 FIXING HOLES WEIGHT 8 kg Figure 6 5 Scanner Unit Outline Drawing 4 Make sure the vent tube is in the correct position then fix the radome base to the mounting surface with the four M10x25 hex bolts flat and spring washers supplied 6 INSTALLATION Scanner Unit Installation Optional Antenna Bracket Installation for Sailboat A Assembling the Antenna Bracket B Mounting Radome To Mounting Bracket H M10x25 Figure 6 6 Optional Antenna Bracket 6 6 Scanner Unit Installation 6 INSTALLATION Wiring and final preparation of scanner unit 1 Drill a hole of at least 20 mm diameter through the deck or bulkhead to run the interconnection cable between the scanner unit and display unit Pass the cable through the hole then seal the hole with sealing compound for waterproofing In order to minimize the chance of picking up electrical interference avoid where possible routing the interconnection cable near other onboard electrical equipment Also avoid running the cable in parallel with power cables 2 Remove the cable clamping plate by loosening four M4 screws and two gaskets at the radome base See Figure 6 7 3 Pass the cable through the hole at the bottom of the radome base The interconnect
33. NOTE 1 B VENT TUBE 36603 3 7 MAKE A HOLE OF 20mm ON PLATFORM 20 ORREZ DITEK SHIP S BOW HEA 25 7 7 O25 CABLE ENTRY 4 M10 RR 4 M10 FIXING HOLES 1 TUBE 15 FITTED AT FACTORY BAF IT NB E NOTE 2 COMPASS SAFE DISTANCE FCR 1010 2A DI FR 70100 STANDARD Ry Tb MODEL 1730 1731 1830 1831 MODEL 1730 1731 1830 1831 MARK 2 STEERING MODEL 841 22 mB 5 APPROVED 7 4 Ai ip THIRD ANGLE I ROJ CTION im L 4 Ehi EN 176 RADAR SCANNER UNIT V SALT SCALE Ds 1 i j TI n FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD ig ff CHECKED EE
34. OWER CABLE SHIELDING INNER SHEATH 3 Remove the insulation of lead wires VV S 20x2C MESH by 3 mm 4 Slide connector s housing over the cable 5 Solder the lead wires to the connec tor taking note of the polarity Wrap the shield with tape or vinyl tube to prevent short circuiting 1 white 2 black 3 shielding mesh 6 Assemble the connector and tighten the set screw 7 Clamp the connector and tape the exposed shielding mesh Tape here Figure 6 11 Fabrication of the Power Cable Connector 6 INSTALLATION Display Unit Installation Ground connection Run heavy duty ground wire from the grounding terminal at the rear panel of the display unit to the nearest grounding point on the boat Consult with a qualified electrician if you are uncertain of where the proper grounding points on your vessel are Gyrocompass or heading sensor connection option If an AC synchro or DC step type gyrocompass is installed on your boat the true bearing of your ship s heading of the cursor and of the EBL Electronic Bearing Line may be displayed on the display A cable assy 22S0269 0 fabricated with a connector and an A D Converter AD 100 are optionally supplied Remove the GYRO jack cap on the rear panel to expose the GYRO jack Mate the connector with this jack Fabrication of the other end of the cable and connection to the A D Converter are explained in the Operator s Manual for the AD 100 Publicati
35. T and a timer appear at the top right hand corner of the screen and targets are plotted in blue or black depending on color selection The timer counts up from 0 01 to 99 59 whereupon the timer indication freezes but plotting continues Targets initially are updated every 15 seconds However you can select intervals of 30 seconds 1 minute 3 minutes and 6 minutes by pressing the PLOT DIM touchpad within 10 seconds of the previous pressing The plotting interval except for 15 seconds appears to the right of the indication PLOT If the range is changed during plotting plotting begins anew with the newly selected range To cancel plotting press the touchpad PLOTTING INTERVAL 30 sec 1min 3 min 6 min PLOT l PLOT 30S 0 21 TIMER 15 sec plotting interval no indication Other plotting intervals interval shown Figure 2 18 Plotting Indications 2 21 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW Navigation Data Navigation Data Navigation data can be displayed on the screen if this radar receives navigation input from a Loran C NNSS satellite navigator or GPS navigator whose output format is NMEA 0183 or FURUNO CIF Data displayable include own ship s position in latitude and longitude or Loran C time differences TDs bearing and range to a waypoint selected on the nav aid and own ship s speed In addition if a gyrocompass or heading sensor is connected a line connects a waypoint denoted by a light blue dashed ring
36. TARGET EBL EBL Indication Zp Bearing of EBL 5 BEARING CURSOR R Relative Bearing 5 913 485 0 8 Relative Bearing T True Bearing T True Bearing Figure 2 11 Measuring Bearing by the EBL and the Cursor 2 11 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW Measuring Range and Bearing The bearing measured by the cursor or the EBL can be displayed in relative or true bearings heading sensor or gyrocompass connection required by pressing the OFFSET T R touchpad function indication 3 Relative bearings are relative to the bow of the vessel and true bearings are relative to the True North The indication MAG or GYRO and the heading sensor or gyrocompass bearing your ship s bearing appear at the top of the screen To turn off an EBL s enable the OFF function of the EBL 1 2 OFF touchpad and then press the touchpad Note that the bearing to the cursor always varies with trackball operation An EBL and its indication however do not change unless the trackball is operated within 5 6 seconds Tips on measuring bearing 1 Bearing measurements of smaller targets pips are more accurate the center of larger target pips is not as easily identified 2 Bearings of stationary or slower moving targets are more accurate than bearings of faster moving targets 3 To minimize bearing errors keep echoes in the outer half of the picture by changing the range scale angular difference becomes difficult to resolve as a ta
37. TRON below 10 Radar is out of tune Frequency deviation of the magnetron Refer to AUTO TUNING on page 6 16 Checking the Magnetron Fewer echoes appear on the screen when the magnetron has deteriorated To determine magnetron suitability measure the magnetron current For the location of parts see Figures 5 2 and 5 3 1 Turn OFF the SCANNER switch in the VR compartment of the display unit to temporarily stop antenna rotation See Figure 6 15 on page 6 16 2 Connect a multimeter set to 10 VDC range to pin 5 and 6 of TP803 on the MD Board MD 7918 in the scanner unit 3 Once turn off the radar system Then turn on DIP Switch 51 1 on the SPU Board inside the display unit Transmit the radar on the 0 25 nm range 4 Confirm that the magnetron current voltage is 0 5 to 1 2 VDC 5 Change the range setting to 24 nm range and confirm that the voltage is 0 9 to 1 1 VDC 6 If the voltage is far out of the range specified above the magnetron may be defective Turn off DIP Switch S1 1 and turn on the SCANNER switch 5 TROUBLESHOOTING Y CENT HEIGHT EX vA O V FREQ H FREQ WRI VAS NT BRT RG 5 DRIVE R DRIVE FUSE 6 54 VR102 VRi01 Fi cu MAIN BOARD TOP VIEW CRT SOCKET Board N Photo No 2852 POWER SUPPLY Board PTU 8764 LEFT VIEW J1301 CPi rt 4 1 N Photo 285 Figure 5 1 Display Unit Top View and Left Side View 5 TROUBLESHOOTING
38. a landmass Land and precipitation echoes are much more massive in appearance than the target pips of ships which are relatively small The rate of movement can eliminate the possibility that the pip is an aircraft A target pip may brighten and become dim due to changes in aspect and other factors In most cases however a pip will fade from the display only when the range becomes too great Echo size As the radar beam rotates the appearance of a pip on the display screen will begin as soon as the leading edge of the radar beam strikes the target The pip will continue to be seen on the display screen until the trailing edge of the beam rotates beyond the target Thus a target cannot appear less wide than the beamwidth As the beam widens with distance from the scanner so also will the widths of targets vary on the display Figure 3 3 illustrates the relationship between beamwidth and the appearance of a target pip SHORT RANGE TARGET LONG RANGE TARGET Figure 3 3 Beamwidth Versus Target Appearance 3 5 3 APPLICATION False Echoes False Echoes Occasionally false echoes appear on the screen at positions where there is no target In some cases the effects can be reduced or eliminated The operator should familiarize himself with the appearance and effects of these false echoes so as not to confuse them with echoes from legitimate contacts Multiple echoes Multiple echoes occur when a short range strong echo is rec
39. alified personnel totally familiar with electrical circuits and service manual should work inside the display unit or scanner unit CAUTION To prevent possible personal injury from radio frequency RF radiation hazards make certain that no one is near the scanner before turning on the radar Scanner Unit Hadome Wipe the radome with a clean soft cloth Check that there is no dirt or caked salt on the surface A heavy deposit of dirt or caked salt on the radome will cause a considerable drop in radar performance Do not use chemical cleaners except for alcohol Also check for cracks on the surface If any cracks are found they should be temporarily repaired by using a small amount of sealing compound or adhesive and the unit should then be brought to your local dealer for permanent repairs A crack on the surface or deterioration of the rubber packing will cause permanent damage to the internal circuitry due to water leakage Do not paint the radome Mounting base Periodically confirm that the radome base and radome cover fixing bolts are secured tightly 4 1 4 MAINTENANCE Display Unit Display Unit Cleaning the display screen The face of the display screen will in time accumulate a coating of dust which tends to dim the picture Clean lightly with a soft cloth moistened with alcohol or cleaning fluid if desired Do not use excess pressure you may scratch the surface Fuse replacement To protect the equipment
40. anges for optimal detection of targets on all ranges Sea return Sea clutter echoes received from waves may hamper detection of targets beyond the mini mum range set by the pulselength and recovery time Recovery time 15 the time required for the receiver to recover to half sensitivity after the end ofa transmitted pulse so it can receive a return echo Proper adjustment of the A C SEA control may alleviate some of the problem Vertical beamwidth The ability to see targets very close to the boat is decreased if the antenna is mounted too high off the water since the bottom of the vertical beam of the scanner cuts off nearby targets Figure 3 1 illustrates the effects of a scanner mounted too high off the water Figure 3 1 Effects of a Scanner Mounted too High off the Water 3 1 3 APPLICATION Factors Affecting Maximum Range Factors Affecting Maximum Range Itis nearly impossible to state that a radar has a maximum range The maximum range a radar will see is dependent on many factors not just the range marked on the screen Not only does the sensitivity of the receiver and power of the transmitter but also the height above the water of both the scanner and target the size shape and composition of the target and atmospheric conditions contribute to increase or decrease the maximum detectable range Radar horizon Radar is by its very nature essentially a line of sight phenomenon That means that you have just ab
41. ars on the screen for confirmation An illustration showing the location and meaning of on screen indications appears on page 2 3 Examine the display unit All controls are on the right hand side and the display is on the left hand side The A C RAIN A C SEA and GAIN controls adjust the radar receiver These controls can be locked to prevent unintentional alteration of settings Simply push in the control until you hear a click When readjustment is necessary push in and release the control to bring it out again Moving to the large group of controls in the center of the panel the POWER OFF and TX OFF touchpads turn on and off power and transmission The RANGE touchpads select range The HM OFF RING FTC IR and ECHO STRETCH touchpads mostly turn on and off their respective function The COLOR touchpad selects the color of target echoes background and plot echoes And the GUARD touchpad turns on and off the radar guard zone alarm The FUNCTION touchpad alternately enables the functions of dual function touchpads Each time the touchpad is pressed the function indication shifts up or down to show which function is currently available for use The SHIFT NAV ZOOM BRILL PLOT DIM EBL 1 2 OFF OFFSET T R and VRM 1 2 OFF are the dual function touchpads The trackball whose motion is followed by an on screen cross hair cursor hereafter called cursor sets the guard zone measures a target s range and bearing and more To fa
42. ated in Figure 3 9 S ES S SS WS ANN Figure 3 9 Position Fixing Using Radar Ranges By range and bearing to a point of land The advantage of position fixing by range and bearing to a point of land is the speed with which a fix can be obtained A distinct disadvantage however is that this method is based upon only two intersecting position lines a bearing line and range obtained from two points of land If possible the object used should be small isolated and identified with reasonable certainty To fix your position using range and radar bearing first measure the relative 3 9 3 APPLICATION Position Fixing with Radar bearing of the target with the EBL noting the exact direction of the ship s heading when doing so Next make allowance for compass deviation true or magnetic and find the true bearing of the target Sweep out the range to the target with the compass on the chart and plot the true bearing of the target The point of intersection is your approximate position Figure 3 10 illustrates how to fix position by using a range and bearing to a point of land ship s heading PR fejtrue bearing j of target Figure 3 10 Position Fixing Using Range and Bearing to a Point of Land By two bearings Generally fixes obtained from radar bearing are less accurate than those obtained from intersecting range arcs The accuracy of fixing by this method is greater when the center bearings of small isolated radar c
43. ation 9410 MHz 30 MHz PON 3 Peak Output Power 3 kW nominal 4 Pulselength amp Pulse Repetition Rate Item Range nm Pulse Repetition Rate Pulselength osas s 51912 Approx 2100 Hz Approx 1200 Hz Approx 600 Hz 0 08 zs short 0 3 us middle 0 8 us long 5 Modulator FET Switching Method 6 Intermediate Frequency 60 MHz 7 Tuning Automatic manual possible 8 Receiver Front End MIC Microwave IC 9 Bandwidth 7 MHz short middle pulses 3 MHz long pulse 10 Duplexer Circulator with diode limiter 11 Noise Figure 9 dB nominal standard DISPLAY UNIT 1 Indication System Daylight bright raster scan color PPI display 2 Picture Tube 10 inch color CRT 142 mm X 190 mm effec tive 3 Echo Color Target echoes displayed according to strength in one of three ways in three colors red yellow green or in eight levels of yel low or green SPECIFICATIONS 4 Range mm 5 Range Ring Interval nm 6 Number of Rings 7 Bearing Resolution 8 Range Resolution 9 Bearing Accuracy 10 Minimum Range 11 Range Ring Accuracy 12 VRM Accuracy 13 Mark Indication 14 Numeral Character Indication 15 Interference Rejector 16 External Sig In Out Terminals ENVIRONMENT CONDITION 1 Vibration 2 Ambient Temperature 3 Humidity 5 5 1314141669 Within 4 6 Better than 45 8 Better than 1 Better than 27 2 m 0 9 or 5 m whichever is the greater 0 9 or 5 m wh
44. blast on their whistles fire a shot or strike a bell The time between the origination of the sound and the returning of the echo indicated how far the ship was from the cliffs or the shore The direction from which the echo was heard indicated the relative bearing of the shore Today the method of determining the distance to a target is much more accurate because of pulse modulated radar Pulse modulated radar determines the distance to the target by calculating the time difference between the transmission of a radar signal and the reception of the reflected echo It is a known fact that radar waves travel at a nearly constant speed of 162 000 nautical miles per second Therefore the time required for a transmitted signal to travel to the target and return as an echo to the source is a measure of the distance to the target Note that the echo makes a complete round trip but only half the time of travel is needed to determine the one way distance to the target This radar automatically takes this into account in making the range calculation The bearing to a target found by the radar is determined by the direction in which the radar scanner antenna is pointing when it ernits an electronic pulse and then receives a returning echo Each time the scanner rotates pulses are transmitted in the full 360 degree circle each pulse at a slightly different bearing from the previous one Therefore if one knows the direction in which the signal is sent out on
45. cted from being sprayed or immersed in salt or fresh water Compass Safe Distance The magnetic compass may be affected if the display unit is placed too close to it because of the magnetic fields generated in the radar The compass safe distance is approximately 0 87 meters for the standard compass and approximately 0 65 meters for the steering compass The display unit should be oriented so that you can view the screen while facing towards the bow This will make determination of your position easier The drawing below gives the mounting dimensions for this radar Although the unit is light weight 10 kilograms reinforce the mounting place if necessary Make sure you allow enough clearance to get to the connectors behind the unit Make sure you leave at least a foot or so of service loop of cables behind the unit so that it can be pulled forward for servicing or easy removal of the connectors Tabletop mounting Fea Loosen the two M8x40 bolts at the front of the display unit Take out the fixing plate 2 Using the fixing plate as a template mark screw locations in the tabletop Drill four holes of 12 mm diameter in the tabletop 3 Secure the fixing plate to the tabletop with M10 bolts nuts and washers MIOBOLTS or QM COACH SCREWS JH 4 Lay the display unit on the fixing plate Secure it with the two M8x40 bolts loosened in step 1 Cover the bolts with the two caps sup plied Figure
46. ding mark To minimize error keep echoes in the outer half of the picture by changing the range Operate a RANGE touchpad and a light blue heading marker appears Press a RANGE touchpad to bisect the target with the light blue heading marker See Figur 6 17 b To complete the adjustment press the FUNCTION touchpad As a final test move the boat towards a small buoy and confirm that the buoy shows up dead ahead on the radar when it is visually dead ahead HEADING MARK white TARGET TUNING RANGE MARKERS white LIGHT BLUE COLOR HEADING MARKER Figure 6 17 Display During Heading Adjustment Adjustments 6 INSTALLATION Preset gain Preset gain is preadjusted at the factory However if the receiver gain is too high or low readjust it with the GAIN VR in the VR compartment 1 Set the controls as follows RANGE max range GAIN fully clockwise A C SEA and A C RAIN fully counterclockwise FTC off ECHO STRETCH off PLOT DIM plot off ZOOM BRILL zoom off and IR on 2 Open the VR compartment Set the GAIN VR where a little background noise appears on the screen For the location of the GAIN VR see Figure 6 15 3 Turn the IR circuit off Confirm that noise increases 6 19 6 INSTALLATION Adjustments Magnetron heater voltage Magnetron heater voltage is formed at the MD Board of the scanner unit and preadjusted at the factory Therefore no adjustment is required even though the cab
47. display unit and the control panel will light up In approximately 2 minutes and 30 seconds the message ST BY will appear at center of the screen While this warmup is in process set the GAIN control at 2 o clock and the A C RAIN and A C SEA controls at fully counterclockwise 2 When ST BY appears press the TX OFF touchpad The radar will start transmitting on the 3 mile range and you will probably see some targets around you even though the gain tuning and other adjustments have yet to be optimized 3 Bring up the GAIN control until a small amount of noise appears on the screen 4 Adjust the GAIN control on the front panel for a little background noise showing on the screen and then hit the RANGE touchpad several times to bring you down to the 0 25 mile range Without disturbing the front pane GAIN control adjust the A C SEA control until nearby radar targets are clearly shown on the screen Too much A C SEA action will eliminate small targets and too little A C SEA action will cause the screen to be so full of targets and noise that it is hard to determine which target is which as compared to visual sightings Note that adjusting the GAIN and A C SEA controls in this manner GAIN at long range A C SEA at short range will equalize the picture at all ranges and you will not have to jockey back and forth with the GAIN control especially when you change range scales Sweep timing This adjustment ensures proper radar performa
48. e knows the direction from which the echo must return Note that the speed of the radar waves out to the target and back again as echoes is extremely fast compared to the speed of rotation of the antenna By the time radar echoes have returned to the scanner the amount of scanner rotation after initial transmission of the radar pulse is extremely small The range and bearing of a target is displayed on what 1s called a Plan Position Indicator PPI This display is essentially a polar diagram with the transmitting ship s position at the center Images of target echoes sometimes called a pip are received and displayed at their relative bearings and at their distance from the PPI center With a continuous display of the images of targets the motion of the transmitting ship is also displayed Target Pip Figure 1 1 How Radar Works 1 1 This page intentionally left blank OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW CAUTION To prevent possible bodily injury from Radio Frequency RF radiation hazards and scanner rotation always make sure that no person is near the scanner unit before turning on the radar The Front Panel The functional and user friendly layout of the control panel makes this radar easy and instinctive to use If you change a control setting you will see the associated reaction almost immediately on the screen Most touchpads carry abbreviated names to show their functions and the same name appe
49. e rings the cursor or the VRM Fixed range rings To get arough measurement of the range to a target pip use the fixed range rings which are turned on and off by the RING touchpad Count the number of rings between the center of the display and the target Check the fixed range ring interval and judge the distance of the echo from the inner edge of the nearest ring For example the 12 nautical mile range scale has six fixed range rings spaced 2 nautical miles apart Therefore if a target is near the fifth ring from the center of the display the range to the target would be about 10 nautical miles Cursor VRM For more accurate measurement use the cursor or the VRM To measure range by the cursor operate the trackball to place the cursor intersection on the inside edge of the target echo The range to the target appears at the bottom of the screen Now try measuring range with a VRM Press the VRM 1 2 OFF touchpad function indication ml to display a VRM VRM1 is the dotted ring and VRM2 is the dashed ring These are colored light blue when active Each time the touchpad is pressed VRM or VRM2 is enabled or disabled and an arrow appears next to the active VRM s range readout for 5 6 seconds Now place the VRM on the inside edge of the target by operating the trackball Check the range readout to find the range to the target VARIABLE RANGE MARKER VRM RANGE TO CURSOR VRM Indication OGELEU sone VRM Range F
50. ective as an anti collision aid when using an autopilot or navigating in narrow channels CAUTION The alarm is a useful anti collision aid but does not relieve the operator of the responsibility to also keep a visual look out for possible collision situations The alarm should not be relied upon as the sole means for detecting possible collision situations The 1972 Convention on the International Regulations For Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972 COLREGS provides statutory requirements for the operation of any vessel including the posting of lookouts The operator of the vessel is responsible for compliance with those requirements whether or not a radar is in use Before setting the alarm be sure the GAIN control is properly adjusted because the audible alarm sounds when the sixth or seventh level quantization echoes or red color echoes for the three color display come into the guard zone 1 Mentally create the guard zone you want to display on screen See Figure 2 16 1 2 Set the upper lower left edge of the guard zone with the cursor Press the GUARD touchpad The indication GUARD asterisk blinking appears at the upper right hand side of the screen See Figure 2 16 2 The asterisk indicates the guard zone is partially set but the alarm function has been actuated It disappears once the guard zone is set completely 3 Moving the trackball clockwise set the lower upper right edge of the guard zone The guard zo
51. eived from a ship bridge or breakwater A second a third or more echoes may be observed on the display at double triple or other multiples of the actual range of the target as shown in Figure 3 4 Multiple reflection echoes can be reduced and often removed by decreasing the gain or properly adjusting the A C SEA True echo ME Multiple echoes Figure 3 4 Multiple Echoes Side Lobe echoes Every time the scanner rotates some radiation escapes on each side of the beam called side lobes If a target exists where it can be detected by the side lobes as well as the main lobe the side echoes may be represented on both sides of the true echo at the same range as shown in Figure 3 5 Side lobes show usually only at short ranges and from strong targets They can be reduced through careful reduction of the gain or proper adjustment of the A C SEA control 3 6 False Echoes 3 APPLICATION i TARGET A TARGETB SPURIOUS gs TARGET B TRUE TARGET 8 Figure 3 5 Side Lobe Echoes Blind and shadow sectors Funnels stacks masts or derricks in the path of antenna may reduce the intensity of the radar beam If the angle subtended at the scanner is more than a few degrees a blind sector may be produced Within the blind sector small targets at close range may not be detected while larger targets at much greater ranges may be detected See Figure 3 6 RADAR PEDESTAL RADAR MAST Figure 3 6 Blind and Shad
52. en regardless of the speed of your own ship With both your own ship and the targetin motion the successive pips of the target do not indicate the actual or true movement of the target If your own ship is in motion the pips of fixed objects such as land masses move on the display at a rate equal to and in a direction opposite to the motion of your own ship Only when your ship is stopped or motionless do target pips move on the display in accordance with their true motion Figure 3 12 illustrates the relative and true motion of a target contacted by radar In Figure 3 12 ship A at geographic position A1 on true course of 001 at 14 knots initially observes ship B on the PPI at bearing 179 at 4 1 nautical miles The bearing and distance to the ship changes as ship A proceeds from position A1 to A3 The changes in the position of ship B relative ship A are illustrated in the successive PPI presentations corresponding to the geographic positions of ships A and B Likewise ship B at geographic position B1 on true course 25 at 21 knots initially observes ship A on bearing 001 at 4 1 nautical miles The radar operator aboard ship A will determine that relative movement of ship B is approximately 66 5 degrees whereas the operator aboard ship B will determine that the relative movement of ship A is approximately 238 degrees These figures were obtained using a maneuvering board A Bears 285 Dist 5 6 nm B3 A Bears 315 B2 o Dist 3 9 n
53. esee he hm rette eh e y rh 2 1 Description of controls 20 00 cece ccc cece here res ee rn 2 2 TURNING THE UNIT ON AND OFF 2 0 ccc ccc ee hh an 2 4 BASIC OPERATION ehh hh ah rrt 2 4 Range selection HMM 2 5 Adjusting the GAIN control ee eee eee ener 2 6 Adjusting the A C SEA control 2 tenet 2 7 Tuning the radar receiver MMC 2 8 Adjusting display brightness MEM 2 8 Selecting display color 22 0 cc eee eee ene hara 2 8 Adjusting control panel backlighting MONDE 2 8 Erasing the heading mark 20 cee eee Rh n hh 2 8 THE FUNCTION TOUCHPAD e M m eens 2 9 MEASURING RANGE AND BEARING 0 00 cece cee tee hh 2 10 Range Me hh hri rm A hn JEDE 2 10 Bearing 1 2 ce eee eee hh hh hm hh hh hr hr 2 11 REDUCING INTERFERENCE 2 oc eee cece emm m rrr 2 13 Precipitation interference Lue TERMED 2 13 Radar interference 2 0 0 0 ec eee esee DOM 2 14 ZOOM mre 2 15 MEASURING RANGE AND BEARING BETWEEN TWO TARGETS 2 16 GUARD ALARM 0 ee ee elles eh mm hh hn 2 18 SHIFTING THE DISPLAY 1 0 0 ce en hh I ha 2 20 PLOTTING 0 0 ee sehe hm e e hh hr
54. f additional cable is required for a particular installation an unbroken length must be used namely no splices allowed and the maximum length is 30 meters 2 Deposits and fumes from a funnel or other exhaust vent can adversely affect the aerial performance and hot gases tends to distort the radiator portion The scanner unit must not be mounted where it may be subjected to temperatures in excess of 70 C 6 2 Scanner Unit Installation 6 INSTALLATION Figure 6 1 Typical Scanner Unit Placement Mounting Unpacking 1 Open the radome package carefully Remove the four M10 bolts together with spring and flat washers on the bottom of the radome base assembly These bolts spring and flat washers may be discarded but do not use the bolts in step 4 RADOME od SiL On RADOME BASE D nm E M10 BOLT Figure 6 2 Radome Showing Location of Packing Parts 2 Dismount the radome cover from the mounting base by loosening four fixing bolts Remove the antenna stoppers to release the radiator STOPPER A FIXING BOLT 4 pes Figure 6 3 Radome with Cover Removed Showing Location of Stoppers and Fixing Bolts 6 3 6 INSTALLATION Scanner Unit Installation Mounting The mounting surface must be parallel with the ship s waterline and provided with six holes whose dimensions are shown in Figure 6 4 Four 12 mm 1 2 holes for fixing one 27 mm 1 1 hole for the cable entry
55. feet the maximum range is when the cliff begins to appear on the radar Rmax 2 2x V8 VISZ 14 8 miles 3 2 Factors Affecting Maximum Range 3 APPLICATION Figure 3 2 Radar Horizon Target properties Generally larger targets can be seen on the radar display at greater ranges provided line of sight exists between the scanner and target However a large target with poor reflecting properties may not be detected as easily as a smaller target with better reflecting properties Since one of the main functions of radar is to detect other ships the composition of a target ships hull affects the detection range A ship whose hull is made of conducting materials such as steel will return a relatively strong echo On the other hand hulls made from wood or fiberglass return much weaker echoes Vertical surfaces such as a cliff are good targets provided they face the radar Conversely horizontal and smooth surfaces such as mudbanks sandy beaches and gently sloping hills make poor targets because they disperse rather than reflect most of the energy that strikes them The strongest radar echoes known come from built up areas docks etc because these targets are less subject to changes in aspect These types of targets have three flat smooth surfaces mutually at right angles Some radar buoys are arranged this way so as to deliberate ly increase their detection range 3 3 3 APPLICATION Interpreting the Display
56. from serious damage a 15A for 12 VDC mains or 10A for 24 32 VDC mains fuse is provided on the rear panel of the display unit The fuse protects against overvoltage reverse polarity of the ship s mains or internal fault of the equipment If the fuse blows first find the problem before replacing it with a new one Never use a fuse rated for more than 15A or 10A since it may cause serious damage to the equipment OVER FUSING WILL VOID THE WARRANTY 5 TROUBLESHOOTING This section provides troubleshooting information for the user and the service technician TO THE USER something appears to be wrong with your unit check it by referring to the Basic Troubleshooting section If you cannot restore normal operation contact your Furuno dealer or qualified technician DANG ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD This equipment uses high voltage electricity which can endanger human life At several places in the unit there are high voltages sufficient to kill anyone coming in direct contact with them While the equipment has been designed with consideration for the operator s safety precautions must always be exercised when reaching inside the equipment for the purpose of main tenance and or service Only personnel totally familiar with electrical circuits and service manual should work inside the dispiay unit or scanner unit TO THE SERVICE TECHNICIAN Always make sure that the electrical power is turned off before attempting to change a component o
57. g of the contro panel Turns the Electronic Bearing Lines EBLs on and off Enables and disables the offset EBL and alternately selects true and relative bearing readout Turns the Variable Range Markers VRMs on and off Selects color of target echoes background and plot Turns on and off the guard zone alarm Alternately enables the functions of dual function touchpads Controls the cursor VRMs EBLs etc Figure 2 1 Description of Front Panel Controls 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW The Front Panel CWA NOLLVOIGNI WHA WNOOZ NOLLVOIONI NOILLONMa LAYA z193 183 YOLOSrsy 39 3831 HOldHlS OHO3 old WNHvv AWIL d3SdY 13 ONILLO Id ONILLO 1d 318 AONVY viva AN V lo WNEL S WN suoneorpug UIS z z amig 506 198 6581 1193 783 SONIH SONVY ANOZ Guvno AYVW ONIOV3H Yva ONINAL ONINP L DILVWOLNV ONI HONVH uondo ONIHV3H8 ONAD 10 OVW JONVH NOLLVOIQNI 184 2 3 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW Turning the Unit On and Off Turning the Unit On and Off After confirming there are no crew near the scanner unit press the POWER OFF touchpad to turn on the power The front panel will light up The magnetron takes about two minutes and thirty seconds to warm up before the radar can be operated The time remaining for warm up of the magnetron appears at
58. ght keep the display unit of direct sunlight or at least shaded because of heat that can build up inside the cabinet When the radar is first unpacked check that all necessary units parts and materials are contained by referring to the equipment lists All steel and wood works should be arranged locally Installation mainly consists the following 1 siting and mounting the display unit and scanner unit 2 running interconnection cable and power cable 3 establishing the ground 4 connecting optional equipment 5 checking the installation 6 adjustments NOTICE Installation of this equipment requires the use of certain power tools as well as electrical and mechanical skills If the purchaser has doubts about his or her abilities in these areas the installation should be performed by a qualified technician 6 1 6 INSTALLATION Scanner Unit installation Scanner Unit Installation Siting considerations The scanner unit is generally installed either on top of the wheelhouse or on the radar mast on an appropriate platform It should be placed where there is a good all round view with as far as possible no part of the ship s superstructure or rigging intercepting the scanning beam Any obstruction will cause shadow and blind sectors A mast for instance with a diameter considerably less than the width of the scanner will cause only a small blind sector buta horizontal spreader or crosstrees in the same h
59. h ht nhe 6 2 Mounting en ee re reset rhe ir 6 3 Wiring and final preparation of scanner unit eee ence eee m 6 7 DISPLAY UNIT INSTALLATION I mtn 6 9 Antenna connection 2 0 0 0 00 ccc eee hh hah rh nn 6 10 Power connection 2 ccc eee nnn nee t m A hh ren 6 11 Ground connection 2 eee hh hy yh hr 6 12 Gyrocompass or heading sensor connection option 0000 ccc ee eee ne 6 12 External navigational receiver connection option een ee eee n 6 12 CHECKING THE INSTALLATION lssseeeeeeeee ehh hmmm 6 13 ADJUSTMENTS isses sese RI e a acer nnn n n OFF Initial procedures slsssssislelssee ehm I a e hh n 6 14 Sweep timing 0 ccc ce hh ehh e e Hh hn 6 14 Auto tuning 0 0 ee eee ehh m heh hh my 6 15 Relative bearing alignment 0 0 cee eee eee el hh m A A e I 6 17 Preset Gain cc cece e he me nn 6 19 Magnetron heater voltage etn tenes 6 20 MEASUREMENT BLIND SHADOW SECTORS 6 21 Table of Contents CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS 00 ccc te eee ce eee ee hh hy I 9 5 1 Interconnection Diagram PM S 1 Display Unit ee cee hh A I e e s t 9 2 POWER SUPPLY Board te e eh hehehe
60. hh nhe 3 9 By range and bearing to a point of land 2 00 et eee eter eer eee 3 9 By two bearings 2 0 ee ee ee hh heh hh hh m hn 3 10 COLLISION AVOIDANCE AND RELATIVE MOTION 3 11 Assessing the risk ce een e hehehe harm hne 3 12 4 MAINTENANCE MR eerie God GENERAL hh hs he eh hh m 4 1 SCANNER UNIT 200 ee ehh hh ha heh e e mh 4 1 Radiator 0 cece ee eee eee ee eee eee eee een een ee ee eee nena 4 1 DISPLAY UNIT 20 ec ccc cece re Rh 9a 9 es m 4 2 Cleaning the display screen 0 ce eee ee teen hh hh e 4 2 Fuse seek hh hh haha e trn rhe 4 2 5 5 1 BASIC TROUBLESHOOTING hh hmm nnn 5 2 ADVANCED TROUBLESHOOTING IMEEM 5 3 Typical problems and their causes 02 reece hh 5 3 CHECKING THE MAGNETRON 0 0 cc eee e hh ru hr m neee 5 4 6 INSTALLATION GENERAL MOUNTING CONSIDERATIONS ee ees 6 1 SCANNER UNIT INSTALLATION eee he hmm nn 6 2 Siting considerations cles hh s
61. iagram Checking the Installation After installing the unit check it for proper installation by using the checklist below Table 6 1 Installation Checklist Tick here The vent tube on the radome base is on the side of the stern direction correctly O Four radome fixing bolts are fully tightened C The connection cable is waterproof at the scanner base O The cable is securely retained against the mast or mounting and is free of interference from running rigging Check that the cable gland or entry on the deck is waterproof if provided C The power connections to the battery are of correct polarity C Check that the plugs at the rear of the display are inserted correctly and are secure O Check that the fuse at the rear of the display is 15A for 12 VDC or 10A for 24 32 VDC LJ If the input voltage is changed from 24 32 VDC to 12 VDC in the field wirings on the p c board must be changed Refer to the attached sheets 6 13 6 INSTALLATION Adjustments Adjustments After checking the unit for proper installation its time to adjust it To prevent possible personnel injury from radio frequency RF radiation hazards be certain that no one is near the scanner before turning on the radar Tuning and calibration of this equipment requires experience and specific technical skills Thus this work should be performed by a qualified service technician Initial procedures Press the POWER OFF touchpad on the
62. ichever is the greater Heading Mark Bearing Scale Range Ring VRM EBL Tuning Bar Alarm Zone Cur sor Function Indication Waypoint Option Range Range Ring Interval EBL VRM Interference Rejection IR ST BY Range and Bearing to Cursor Rain Clutter Rejection FTC1 FTC3 Plotting Interval and Elapsed Time PLOT Echo Stretch ES Radar Alarm GUARD Zoom ZOOM Tuning AUTO or I atitude Longitude LL Option Ship s Speed SPD Option Range and bearing to Waypoint WP Option MAG or GYRO Option Built in NMEA 0183 terminal In Compass Signal terminal In External Buzzer terminal Out Monitor terminal Out Vibration Frequency Total Amplitude 12 5 to 25 Hz 20 38 mm 51050 Scanner Unit 25 C to 70 C Display Unit 15 C to 55 C Relative humidity 95 or less at 40 C POWER SUPPLY amp POWER CONSUMPTION 12 VDC 10 2 to 20 3 V 65 W or 24 32 VDC 20 4 to 40 0 V 65 W 100 110 220 230 VAC 50 60 Hz 18 rectifier required SPECIFICATIONS COLOR 1 Scanner Unit Upper N9 5 Lower 2 5PB 3 5 10 2 Display Unit Cabinet 2 5GY5 1 5 Panel N3 0 COMPASS SAFE DISTANCE EQUIPMENT LIST Complete Set 900 084 711 000084712 000 084 713 000 084714 set 000 084 715 000 084 710 000 506 703 for power cable 1 Scanner Unit Display Unit 3 Installation Materials RDP 088 CP03 10800 CP03 10
63. igure 2 10 Measuring Range by the Cursor and the VRM 2 10 Measuring Range and Bearing 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW To turn off a VRM s enable the OFF function of the VRM 1 2 OFF touchpad and then press the touchpad Note that the range to the cursor always varies with trackball operation A VRM and its indication however do not change unless the trackball is operated within 5 6 seconds Unit of range measurement You can display the range readouts in nautical miles or kilometers While pressing and holding down the HM OFF touchpad press the VRM 1 2 OFF touchpad Bearing There are two ways to measure the bearing of a target by the cursor or by an Electronic Bearing Line EBL Cursor For an estimate of the bearing to a target operate the trackball to place the cursor intersec tion on the center of the target The bearing to the target appears at the bottom of the screen EBL Press the EBL 1 2 OFF touchpad function indication im to display an EBL EBL1 is the dotted line and EBI2 is the dashed line These are colored light blue when active Each time the touchpad is pressed EBL1 or EBL2 is enabled or disabled and an arrow appears next to the active EBL s bearing readout for 5 6 seconds Now position the EBL so it bisects the target Check the bearing readout to find the bearing of the target MAG or GYRO Indication MAG or GYRO BEARING Heading sensor or gyrocompass connection required CURSOR
64. ill be discussed in this section Take a compass and a navigation chart and try to fix your position while reviewing this section By radar range The simultaneous measurement of the ranges to two or more fixed objects is normally the most accurate method of obtaining a fix with radar alone Preferably at least three ranges should be used However the use of more than three range arcs may introduce excessive error because of the time lag between measurements namely you will be moving as you take successive measurements When obtaining a fix it is best to measure the most rapidly changing range last because of a smaller time lag in the radar plot from the ship s actual position For greater accuracy the objects selected should provide arcs with angles of cut as close to 90 degrees as possible Small isolated radar conspicuous fixed objects whose associated range arcs intersect at angles approaching 90 degrees provide the most reliable and accurate position fixes Objects at longer ranges are less accurate for position fixing because they may be below the radar horizon and because the width of the radar beam increases with range To fix your position first measure the range to two or more prominent navigational marks which you can identify on the chart Next with the compass sweep out the ranges from the charted positions The point of intersection of the arcs is your estimated position The method of position fixing by radar range is illustr
65. information e Near maintenance free design enhances reliability e 8 ranges from 0 25 to 24 nautical miles e 3 pulselengths and pulse repetition rates automatically selected for optimum short range to long range performance e Field proven heavy duty gearbox and attractive 54 cm center fed radome capable of withstanding 100 knot wind velocity e Two EBLs Electronic Bearing Line two VRMs Variable Range Marker Guard Alarm Offset EBL and Cursor controlled by a trackball e Guard zone alarm and offset EBL provided as standard features e Operates on 12 24 or 32 VDC power supply and consumes only 65 W Protection against reverse polarity and excessive voltage provided e Ship s position in latitude longitude or Loran C time differences TDs ship s speed and range bearing to a waypoint optionally shown in the bottom text area External navigator which can output such data in CIF or NMEA0183 format required vil This page intentionally left blank Vili SPECIFICATIONS SCANNER UNIT 1 Radiator Slotted Waveguide Array housed in radome 2 Radiator Length 54 cm 3 Horizontal Beamwidth within 4 0 4 Vertical Beamwidth 25 5 Sidelobe Attenuation Within 20 of mainlobe 18 dB or less Outside 20 of mainlobe 23 dB or less 6 Polarization Horizontal 7 Antenna Rotation 24 rpm nominal TRANSCEIVER MODULE contained in radome 1 Transmitting Tube Magnetron 9M302 E3513 2 Frequency amp Modul
66. ing interval appear at the top left corner of the display RANGE FIXED RANGE RING INTERVAL This distance is from the own ship s position to the outermost position of 90 or 270 3 35 Mh 315 1 R Figure 2 4 Location of Range and Fixed Range Ring Indications To select a range press the plus or minus sign on the RANGE touchpad Note that it is possible to increase or decrease the range setting automatically by holding down these touchpads Tips on selecting range 1 When navigating in or around crowded harbors select a range between 0 5 and 1 5 nautical mile to watch for possible collision situations 2 If you select a lower range while on open water increase the range occasionally to watch for vessels that may be heading your way Remember that the maximum range a radar can see is dependent on many factors For further details about maximum range see the APPLICATION section 2 5 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW Basic Operation Adjusting the GAIN control The GAIN control adjusts the sensitivity of the receiver and thus the strength of echoes as they appear on the screen Adjust it so the speckled noise background is just visible on the display To become acquainted with the way the control works try rotating it between its fully counterclockwise and clockwise position as you observe the display As you slowly turn the control clockwise you should be able to see the speckled background appear when the posi
67. ion cable has three plugs which you connect inside the scanner unit A 7 guum d ind rt ELD HI MD BOARD fs EI f NZ CABLE CLAMPING d PLATE GS T a FOS i S IF BOARD p 67 Figure 6 7 Cable Connections and Grounding 4 Secure the cable with the cable clamping plate and gaskets Ground the shield and vinyl cables by using one of the fixing screws for the cable clamping plate and for the IF amplifier chassis See Figure 6 7 5 Mate plugs P801 9 way and P802 4 way to the MD Board Remove the lid of the IF Board and mate the 14 way plug P611 to the board Replace the lid being careful not to pinch the wires on the lid 6 INSTALLATION Scanner Unit Installation 6 Put the radome on the radome base assembly orienting the narrower recessed part in the direction of the bow See Figure 6 8 SHIP S 59 BOW EL ROW Figure 6 8 Radome Cover Placement 7 Tighten the radome fixing bolts temporarily because the radome may have to be opened again for adjustment after installation 8 The cable run must be properly supported and must not be used to provide impromptu foot holds or hand holds Clips or hangers should be employed every nine inches Display Unit Installation 6 INSTALLATION Display Unit Installation The display unit can be mounted on a tabletop a bulkhead or on the overhead Install it where it can be viewed and operated conveniently but where it is prote
68. le length between the display unit and the scanner unit is changed However verify heater voltage by the following 1 Suspend scanner rotation by turning off the SCANNER switch in the VR compartment For the location of the switch see Figure 6 15 2 Connect a multimeter set to 10 VDC range between 4 and 6 of test point TP803 on the MD Board 3 Confirm that the multimeter shows 7 5 V 0 1 V If not adjust potentiometer VR801 on the MD Board PA HEADING MARK KEY S801 HEADING MARK KEY MOUNTING PLATE N Photo No 2574 TEST POINT TP803 POTENTIOMETER VR801 Figure 6 18 Scanner Unit with P C Board Covers Removed 6 20 Measurement of Blind Shadow Sectors 6 INSTALLATION Measurement of Blind Shadow Sectors In some shadow sectors it should be remembered that there may not be sufficient intensity to obtain an echo from very small targets even at close range despite the fact that a large vessel may be detected at a much greater range in non shadowed sectors For these reasons the angular width and relative bearing of any shadow sectors should be determined This section describes how to do this In the case of a new vessel this should be done during sea trials In other ships it should be done at the first opportunity after fitting a new radar set It should be understood that even a small shadow sector can hide another vessel if it is on a collision course The bearing will remain constant in the
69. m A Bears 001 Dist 4 1 nm B Bears 105 Dist 5 6 nm B Bears 135 Bist 3 9 nm B Bears 179 Dist 4 1 nm OOO Figure 3 12 Relative Motion Versus True Motion 3 APPLICATION Collision Avoidance and Relative Motion Assessing the risk The moment an echo appears on the screen its range and relative bearing should be measured and its true or magnetic bearing noted This is best done on a chart or plot Collision risk can be assessed only by carefully watching the true or magnetic bearing of an approaching vessel If the bearing of the target does not appreciably change a possibility of collision may exist 3 12 4 MAINTENANCE General Regular maintenance is important for good performance Following the procedures prescribed in this section will help keep your unit in good working order for many years Always keep the equipment as free as possible from dirt dust and water splashes Make sure that all screws securing the components are properly tightened ___ DANGER ELECTRICAL SHOCK HAZARD This equipment uses high voltage electricity which can endanger human life At several places in the unit there are high voltages sufficient to kill anyone coming in direct contact with them While the equipment has been designed with consideration for the operator s safety precautions must always be exercised when reaching inside the equipment for the purpose of main tenance and or service For this reason only qu
70. miliarize yourself with the controls of your unit turn it on presuming that it is installed and try operating some of the controls as you review this section 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW The Front Panel familiarize yourself with the controls of your unit turn it on presuming that it is installed and try operating some of the controls as you review this section Description of controls EBL 1 2 OFF OFFSET T R VRM 1 2 OFF COLOR GUARD FUNCTION Trackball 2 2 A C RAIN Suppresses rain clutter A C SEA Suppresses sea clutter caused by waves GAIN Adjusts receiver sensitivity POWER OFF Turns on the system Press this touchpad and TX OFF simultaneously to turn off the system RANGE Selects radar range The and touchpads select a higher and lower range respectively TX OFF Sets the radar to transmit or stand by HM OFF Temporarily erases the heading mark RING Turns the fixed range rings on and off FTC Suppresses heavy precipitation clutter IR Reduces or eliminates radar inter ference ECHO Activates and releases the echo stretch STRETCH function which stretches echoes lengthwise for better distinction SHIFT NAV Shifts the display and turns the naviga tion data display navigation input re quired on and off ZOOM BRILL Turns the zoom function on and off and adjusts the brightness of the screen PLOT DIM Turns on and off the radar target plot ting device and adjusts the backlightin
71. mmended that you work to develop this skill by enrolling in a course in navigation taught by a qualified maritime school m No single navigational aid including this radar should ever be relied upon as the exclusive method for navigating your vessel The navigator is responsible for checking all aids available to confirm his position Electronic aids are meant to assist the navigator not replace him m The 1972 Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972 COLREGS provide statutory requirements for the operation of any vessel includ ing the posting of lookouts The operator of the vessel is responsible for compliance with these requirements whether or not a radar is in use vi FOREWORD Features Your unit has a large variety of functions all contained in a remarkably small cabinet e All controls respond immediately to the operator s command and each time a touchpad is depressed the corresponding change can be seen on the screen e Daylight viewing radar especially designed for small craft and sailing yachts e Traditional FURUNO reliability and quality in a compact lightweight and low cost color radar e High definition 10 raster scan color display e 3 colors or 8 levels of target quantization for high target definition without problems associated with single level quantization systems e Automatic tuning for easy operation e On screen alpha numeric readout of all operational
72. nce especially on short ranges The radar measures the time required for a transmitted echo to travel to the target and return to the source The received echo appears on the CRT based on this time Thus at the instant the transmitter is fired the Sweep should start from the center of the CRT sometimes called sweep origin A trigger pulse generated in the display unit goes to the scanner unit through the intercon nection cable to trigger the transmitter magnetron The time taken by the signal to travel up to the scanner unit varies depending largely on the length of interconnection cable During this period the display unit should wait before starting the sweep When the display unit is not adjusted correctly the echoes from a straight local object for example a harbor wall or straight pier will not appear with straight edges namely they will be seen as pushed out or pulled in near the picture center The range of objects will also be incorrectly shown Adjustments 6 INSTALLATION A Improper B Proper C Improper pulling inward pushing outward Figure 6 13 Examples of Improper and Correct Sweep Timings 1 Transmit the radar on the 0 25 mile range and adjust the GAIN and A C SEA controls 2 Visually select a straight echo harbor wall straight pier 3 Press the FUNCTION touchpad about 5 6 seconds until the INSTALLATION menu appears INSTALLATION Menu ADJUSTMENT 1 HEADING P2 TIMING 2 TUNE PEA
73. ne now appears on the display See Figure 2 16 3 NOTE To create a 360 degree guard zone rotate the cursor counterclockwise instead of clockwise 4 Press the GUARD touchpad again The asterisk disappears and the color of the guard zone changes to white See Figure 2 16 4 5 Any ships landmasses etc coming into the guard zone will trigger the audible alarm If the audible alarm sounds you can silence it by pressing the GUARD touchpad When this is done the indication GUARD appears in reverse video 6 Press the GUARD touchpad again to restore the audible alarm GUARD appears in white 7 To cancel both the guard zone and the audible alarm press and hold down the GUARD touchpad for at least two seconds 2 18 Guard Alarm 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW Note 1 When the range is less than the guard zone range the guard zone disappears from the screen If this happens select a range which will again display the guard zone on the Screen 2 A target echo does not always mean a landmass reef ships or surface objects but can imply returns from sea surface or precipitation As the level of these returns varies with environment the operator should properly adjust the A C SEA A C RAIN FTC and GAIN to be sure target echoes within the guard zone are not overlooked by the alarm system Guard zone you want to set Y A lt E Move cursor to point A or B and press i GUARD Ne o Z
74. near the switch to indicate it should not be turned on while the equipment is being installed Fire electrical shock or serious injury can result if the power is left on or is applied while the equipment is being installed A CAUTION Ground the equipment to prevent electrical shock and mutual interference Confirm that the power supply voitage is compatible with the voltage rating of the equipment Connection to the wrong power supply can cause fire or equipment damage The voltage rating appears on the label at the rear of the display unit Use the correct fuse Use of a wrong fuse can cause fire or equipment damage FQ 3 91 003 EUUULPXCU JE X ICD sate 9 1 H Issued by FURUNO ELECTRIC CO LTD nfo rm ati n QUALITY ASSURANCE DEPARTMENT FCR 1010 1030 1040 1100 RADARS Changing input Voltage The above units can operate by input voltages of 24 32 VDC or 12 VDC If not specified when ordering the units come ready for 24 32 VDC connection For 12 VDC ship s mains replace a fuse in the display unit and short terminals on the POWER Board PTU 8764 as prescribed in the circuit diagram attached 9 Procedure 1 fuse The amperage of the fuse F1351 at the rear of the display unit should be Ship s Mains FCR 1010 1030 1040 AT Spare fuses are supplied with each unit fe mmm 2 jumper wire Process terminals as sho
75. ng condition and the indication AUTO appears When the circuit is not functioning proper ly AUTO blinks If this happens contact your FURUNO dealer or qualified technician Figure 2 7 Location of Tuning Bar and AUTO Adjusting display brightness The ZOOM BRILL touchpad function indication adjusts the brightness of the display in eight steps See The FUNCTION touchpad on the next page for how to operate this and other dual function touchpads Selecting display color This radar paints each target echo according to its strength in one of three ways in red yellow or green three color display strong to weak in order or in one of eight levels of yellow or green To select display color press the COLOR touchpad Each time the touchpad is pressed the color of target echoes as well as the background and plot change in the following sequence Echo color 3 color Background color black Plot color blue Figure 2 8 Sequence of Echo Color Selection by the COLOR Touchpad Adjusting control panel backlighting The PLOT DIM touchpad function indication 53 adjusts the backlighting of the control panel in four steps Erasing the heading mark The heading mark continuously appears on the screen and shows ship s heading When this mark obscures a target echo you can temporarily erase it by pressing and holding the HM OFF touchpad The FUNCTION Touchpad 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW The FUNCTION Touchpad
76. noyd W att li aa F A b 310N WOE XYWKAZIZ ILZ Ghe WO LESI MY LINA YINNYIS I 2 eh 0 0 724 ATddfS ONVAGIHS EWE QNYOS 5537084 NO O3OlAONd IHY S3DVf 65 603 EWEU 35V2 3013NN0 O30NnOUJS 5 SALUR LLB Y X CHANT 038 4301 V3 9014 30138802 X65 E LINN H3NNY2S LY G3ONnOWO AIJAI LIJI 38 GNOHS 13IHS 32294Y 42 BUAV oM N Wes 381A 39V B 3 5 1 3002 30102 381 Rondo 0907 2 xg 0c sme Yer cs V 3108 8 CELLY 0007 2 Gp Lx Wor OLOS 9b 9 x 1 1 91120 yb SF 94 CELLY ap y 1 YOLINOW X010 ts 0092 7 INASH p g e 45M BEN LL I 623 r reas wosnas p L 1 BENE ONIQY3H p 4 SSS slo i l poris gra gan 4 310 S ILON 95 INDIO CERLA ila Le HA edo t liii TET zy bl o gx LS nab 7 l ALN CARES l H N ti suomis 4APKNRRS I p T PS i Ldxis ONHONAS i 5 i ene aw AE i ry tl DSA P EHS per IESI ES pt 3 ND wW x2 4 b X 4 Soi trd 25 zs i d Manna H0 4 r KEQ gt t usis gt yr SSVdA0 08A9 pe dirt vivQ 2 b AX T YA EOJ 4 b plet IHM 4 k1 c tL Hinon ty 4 wed ESEL
77. ns any purchaser who has doubts about his or her technical abilities may wish to have this unit installed by a Furuno representative or other qualified technician This unit can perform its intended functions only when properly installed and maintained We would appreciate feedback from you the end user about whether we are achieving our purposes Thank you for considering and purchasing Furuno equipment FOREWORD General Safety Information Be sure to read all the safety information which follows before attempting to install operate or maintain your radar DANGER WARNING and CAUTION notices appear throughout this manual It is the responsibility of the user of this equipment to read understand and follow these notices If you have any questions regarding these safety instructions please contact a Furuno agent or dealer Operating Precautions m Navigation is a complex and detailed skill which requires knowledge judgment and experience to perform effectively Errors in navigation can lead to catastrophic injury or even death in some circumstances Navigational errors can cause collisions between vessels collisions with land and land based structures and can lead to being lost at sea Although this manual explains much about the operation of the radar and how it can aid in the navigation of your vessel it is not a substitute for practical experience seamanship or formal training It is therefore reco
78. on No OM E4340 Open the cover of the display unit and turn OFF DIP switch 1 3 on the SPU board Refer to Figure 5 2 on page 5 6 GYRO appears at the top of the screen The heading sensor FLU X 50 C 2000 having AD 10S format or NMEA 0183 output data format can be connected instead of gyrocompass In this case DIP switch S1 3 should be ON factory setting is ON to show MAG indication External navigational receiver connection option If your navigation receiver has NMEA 0183 or FURUNO CIF data format your own ship s position in latitude longitude speed and the range bearing to waypoint may be sent to this radar and be seen in the bottom text area An NMEA cable fabricated with a connector is optionally supplied Remove the NMEA jack cap on the rear panel to expose the NMEA jack Mate the connector with this jack Fabrication of the other end of the connection cable should be left to a competent service technician because it is difficult to find the point to be connected For service technicians 1135241842 No connection J1352 3 RD Hot 1135244 RD Cold The figure on the next page gives detailed wiring information Checking the Installation 6 INSTALLATION RADOME Scanner Unit DISPLAY UNIT NMEA0183 CONNECTOR GYRO CONNECTOR PATA puer EARTH TERMINAL SIGNAL CABLE al max length 30 m l 102 40 0v DC il FUSE 15A for 12 VDC 10A for 24 32 VDC Figure 6 12 Detailed Wiring D
79. onspicuous objects can be observed Similar to position fixing using range and bearing this method affords a quick means for initially determining approximate position The position should then be checked against other means to confirm reliability Position fixing using two bearings is determined by measuring the relative bearings for the two targets and then determining their true bearings Plot the two bearings on the chart the point of intersection of the two bearings is your approximate position Figure 3 11 illustrates the method of position fixing using two bearings ship s true bearing heading of target A true bearin Ul 7 4 1 of target B Figure 3 11 Position Fixing Using Two Bearings 3 10 Collision Avoidance and Relative Motion 3 APPLICATION Collision Avoidance and Relative Motion CAUTION The 1972 Convention on the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea 1972 COLREGS provides statutory requirements for the operation of any vessel includ ing the posting of lookouts The operator of the vessel is responsible for compliance with those requirements whether or not a radar is in use Collisions at sea sometimes occur because the radar picture doesn t match the information provided by the eye in clear weather and because of the misunderstanding of relative motion In a relative motion display your ship is represented by the spot of light fixed at the center of the scre
80. orizontal plane as the scanner unit would be a much more serious obstruction you would need to place the scanner unit well above or below it It is rarely possible to place the scanner unit where a completely clear view in all direction is available Thus you should determine the angular width and relative bearing of any shadow sectors for their influence on the radar at the first opportunity after fitting The method of determining shadow and blind sectors is shown later in this chapter The scanner unit should be mounted as high as possible on the boat to ensure best perfor mance at maximum range In addition if you have a radio direction finder on your boat locate its antenna clear of the scanner unit to prevent interference to the direction finder A separation of more than two meters is recommended The compass safe distance of 3 1 meter standard compass and 1 75 meter steering compass should be observed to prevent deviation of the magnetic compass On a sailboat the scanner unit is normally mounted on the mast An antenna bracket may be optionally supplied to mount it On power boats it is usually installed on a framework above the flying bridge However in many cases you can install it directly on top of the wheelhouse near the ship s centerline When this radar is to be installed on larger vessels consider the following points 1 The interconnection cable run between the scanner and the display is 10 meters long I
81. out the same range to horizon with a radar as you do with your own eyes However under normal atmospheric conditions the radar horizon is 6 greater than the optical horizon Therefore if the target does not rise above the horizon the radar beam cannot be reflected from the target Just as you can see a low to the water speedboat only up relatively close to your boat the radar can see a target high off the water farther than it can see an object which is close to the water Further the higher the antenna is mounted over the water the farther it is capable of seeing other targets However a possible negative effect with mounting the antenna too high off the water is that due to the finite vertical beamwidth of the scanner the amount of sea clutter due to reflections from nearby waves is increased to a greater distance from the boat Thus it is not at all uncommon to see a 3000 foot high mountain 50 miles away provided the radar has a 50 nautical mile detection capability while at the same time being only able to see a small power boat 3 or 4 miles away See Figure 3 2 The distance to the horizon from the scanner under normal conditions is calculated by the following formula Rmax 22 x Vhl Vh2 Where Rmax Radar horizon mile h1 Antenna height meters h2 Target height meters For example to find the distance to the horizon in Figure 3 2 if the antenna height is 8 meters 26 feet and the target height is 15 2 meters 50
82. ow Sectors indirect echoes Indirect echoes may be returned from either a passing ship or returned from a reflecting surface on your own ship for example a stack In both cases the echo will return from a legitimate contact to the antenna by the same indirect path The echo will appear on the same bearing of the reflected surface but at the same range as the direct echo Figure 3 7 illustrates the effect of an indirect echo Indirect echoes may be recognized as follows 1 they usually occur in a shadow sector 2 they appear on the bearing of the obstruction but at the range of the legitimate contact 3 when plotted their movements are usually abnormal and 4 their shapes may indicate that they are not direct echoes 3 7 3 APPLICATION Radar Picture and Corresponding Chart ss f d TARGET OWN SHIP N 22 SPURIOUS Figure 3 7 Indirect Echoes Radar Picture and Corresponding Chart Under normal conditions a picture which is very similar to a chart can be obtained on the radar display The radar picture and corresponding chart shown in Figure 3 8 are from the Kada Inland Sea south of Osaka Bay in Southwestern Japan Figure 3 8 Navigation Chart and Corresponding Radar Picture 3 8 Position Fixing with Radar 3 APPLICATION Position Fixing with Radar Position fixing with radar can be accurately achieved once you become proficient in the different methods The three most common methods w
83. r inspecting the inside of the equipment A residual charge may also exist in capacitors even with the equipment turned off Therefore always short all supply lines to the chassis with an insulated screwdriver or a similar tool before touching the circuit WARNING RADIO FREQUENCY RF RADIATION HAZARD This radar scanner emits high frequency radio radiation which can be harmful particularly to your eyes Never look directly into the scanner from a distance of less than two feet when the radar is in operation as you could injure the cornea of your eyes Always make sure that the radar is set to either Stand By or OFF before starting work on the scanner 5 TROUBLESHOOTING Basic Troubleshooting Basic Troubleshooting In most cases when the unit fails to operate properly the cause is very simple Before calling for service or sending out the unit for repairs check the following 1 Nothing appears on screen Check that the front panel is illuminated If it is not check the following e I5 the battery dead e Is the fuse blown e Supply voltage is normal 9 Corroded battery terminals e Poor contact of power cable 2 No echo but numerical and character indications e Is the antenna plug loose 3 Low sensitivity e Is the GAIN too low e Is the A C SEA too high e Isthe FTC ON e Is the brilliance too low e Is the receiver detuned AUTO indication blinks e Is the radome dirty 4 Noise on screen e Is the
84. rget approaches the center of the display 2 12 Reducing Interference 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW Reducing Interference Basically there are three types of interference which may hinder radar reception sea clutter caused by echoes reflected of waves mentioned earlier precipitation clutter due to weather conditions and radar interference from other shipborne radars operating nearby on the same frequency band This radar can eliminate or reduce these types of interference Precipitation interference The vertical beamwidth of the scanner is designed to see surface targets even when the ship is rolling However by this design the unit will also detect rain storms snow or hail in the same manner as normal targets Precipitation clutter is easily recognizable by its wool like appearance on screen see Figure 2 12 When this type of interference obscures a large area of the screen you may use the FTC touchpad and or the A C RAIN control to eliminate or reduce the interference The FTC Fast Time Constant circuit works by splitting up these unwanted echoes into a speckled pattern making recognition of solid targets easier When only a slight amount of clutter is visible on the screen turn the A C RAIN control clockwise to distinguish targets from the clutter In heavy storms or partial clutter press the FTC touchpad and then adjust the A C RAIN control to reduce the clutter In addition to reducing clutter the FTC touchpad can be
85. shadow area and the approach of the other vessel may remain undetected until it is too late to avoid a dangerous situation There are two methods of determining the angular width of a shadow sector 1 Turn the boat very slowly through 360 degrees while a small but clearly defined target is observed at a distance of a mile or so Do not use a buoy with a reflector as this target is too powerful to achieve the required result Ifthe echo disappears while the boat is turning the target has entered a shadow sector and it will again become visible when the target emerges from the shadow Very quiet conditions of wind and sea are essential to ensure reliable results when this operation is carried out on a small craft since a rough sea can cause a buoy to be lost in the clutter or to be temporarily submerged or hidden by waves An unsteady movement may cause the boat to swing through a shadow sector before the scanner has completed one revolution In any case an average of several observations of each shadow sector should be taken It is a waste of time to attempt the operation in anything other than very smooth water with little wind 2 Another method is to observe the shadow sector against a background of sea clutter Any shadows will show as dark sectors in the clutter See Figure 6 19 Note that a shadow cannot be fairly estimated in heavy clutter as echoes from either side of the sector may be spread into it and give an illusion that objects in
86. the relatively large areas painted on the display Knowledge of the ship s navigational position will also teli you where land should be On relative motion displays this radar landmasses move in directions and at rates opposite and equal to the actual motion of your own ship Various factors such as distortion from beamwidth and pulselength make identification of specific features difficult However the following may serve as an aid to identification 1 High steep rocky and barren landmasses provide good reflecting surfaces 2 Low vegetation covered lands make poor radar targets 3 Submerged objects do not produce echoes 4 Mud flats marshes sandspits and smooth clear beaches make poor targets because they have almost no area that can reflect energy back to the radar 5 Smooth water surfaces such as lagoons and inland lakes appear as blank areas on the display smooth water surfaces return no energy 6 Although you might expect an object as large as a lighthouse to be a good radar target in actuality the return echo is weak since the conical shape diffuses most of the radiated energy 3 4 Interpreting the Display 3 APPLICATION Ship targets A bright steady clearly defined image appearing on the display is in all likelihood the target pip of a steel ship There are several clues which can aid you in identification of a ship Check your navigational position to rule out the possibility that a target pip is actually
87. the center of the display counting down from 2 29 to 0 01 In addition the program version number appears NOTE The VR compartment at the top right hand corner of the display contains the controls for adjustment of gain and tuning and suspension of scanner rotation These controls are for use by service technicians Please do not operate them To turn off the radar press the POWER OFF and TX OFF touchpads together ue ooo FURUNO eet 2 min 30 sec FURUNO c TIMER ST BY Program Version Number POWER Switch A Display after turning B Display during Stand by on power Figure 2 3 Display Unit Basic Operation After the power is turned on and the magnetron has warmed up the message ST BY Stand By appears at the center of the display showing the radar is ready to transmit However no targets will appear on the screen until the radar is transmitting by pressing the TX OFF touchpad TX is short for transmit In stand by the radar is available for use at anytime but no radar waves are being transmitted Press the TX OFF touchpad to begin transmission and to rotate the radiator The display will light up and the status of the indications on the display will automatically be the following RANGE 3 nautical mile IR ON and all other indications OFF In addition the heading mark the cursor the range and bearing from own ship to the cursor intersection and the tuning bar appear
88. tion of the control is between 2 and 3 o clock To properly set the gain use one of the two highest ranges 12 or 24 mile the speckled noise background is clearer on these ranges If you set up for too little gain weak echoes may be missed If you turn the control too far clockwise yielding too much speckled noise background strong targets may be missed because of the poor contrast between desired echoes and the background noise on the display Figure 2 5 illustrates examples of gain settings which are too high proper and too low A Too high B Proper C Too low Figure 2 5 Adjusting the GAIN Control Tips on adjusting GAIN 1 In certain circumstances it may be useful to reduce the gain slightly to improve range resolution clear up the picture or reduce clutter caused by rain or snow 2 Range resolution is a measure of the capability of a radar to display as separate pips the echoes received from two targets which are on the same bearing and are close together radially With reduction in the gain setting the echoes may be made to appear as separate pips on the display 3 When sailing or cruising in crowded regions a slight reduction in gain often helps to clear up the picture This should be done carefully otherwise weak targets may be missed 4 Echoes from ships inside a squall or storm may be obscured if the gain is at its normal setting since the clutter may have masked but not completely echoes from the targets
89. used in fine weather to clarify the picture when navigating in confined waters However with the circuit activated the receiver is less sensitive Therefore turn off the circuit when there is no clutter With the FTC touchpad there are four levels of suppression to choose from FTC1 FIC3 and OFF FTC Indication 3 A Rain n squall B FTC circuit ON FTC OFF interference reduced Figure 2 12 Effect of FTC 2 13 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW Reducing Interference Radar interference Radar interference may occur when near another shipborne radar operating in the same frequency band Its on screen appearance is many bright dots either scattered at random or in the form of dotted lines extending from the center or the edge to the edge or the center of the display Figure 2 13 illustrates interference in the form of curved spokes Interference effects are distinguishable from normal echoes because they do not appear in the same place on successive rotations of the scanner To reduce this type of interference press the IR touchpad The indication IR appears at the upper right hand side of the screen When there is no interference turn the circuit off so as not to miss weak target echoes f IR Indication ak T wt uM MUR OW wt 1 AZ A Radar interference B IR circuit ON IR circuit OFF interference reduced Figure 2 13 Effect of Radar Interference Rejection Circuit
90. wn in NOTE 1 on the circuit diagram Fig 1 shows the locations of the terminals To prevent miswiring remove jumper wires before processing terminals Jumper wire should be 0 52 sq factory specification NOTE POWER Boards PTU 8764A FCR 1100 and PTU 8764 FCR 1010 1030 1040 are not compatible with one another PRIMARY CONNECTION OF T 1 Fig 1 NOTE For POWER SUPPLY Board version no PTU 8764 11 the pattern between TP1301 and see arrow in Fig 2 is missing If the input voltage is changed to 12 VDC please add this pattern as shown in Fig 3 This modification is not required for POWER SUPPLY board version no 22 which will be produced from 3 91 TP1301 1 01303 01306 25K 1266x4 To TERMINAL 3 TP1301 PARTS SIDE RE RE M4 PATTER TERMINAL N SIDE Add pattern here 108 R1306 R1305 1307 4T00P 15 5 0 4 2 TP 1302 Fig 2 Fig 3 Table of Contents FOREWORD n V GENERAL SAFETY INFORMATION 0 c eee cece ec nner e har vi OPERATING PRECAUTIONS cece cee ee ne hh been ener vi FEATURES ec ee ec eese ehh meh here vil SPECIFICATIONS m Ix 1 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION eeeeeeeeee eene nennen enata nee remanet 1 1 2 OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW W000 cccccccceeecseeeeeceeeneeseceeeenenuesserensceauens 2 1 THE FRONT PANEL De he

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