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Fluke 1625Earth/Ground User's Manual

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1. Operation Check bat under teries No reactions to button faulty con Switch control etc ditions ON OFF if still faulty edw046 eps contact service After Reverse Reverse START orientation clamp or of current see note clamp or on page upwards 28 eawo47 eps CUrrent Checksum of EE PROM in correct edw048 eps Hardware Switch malfunc ON OFF if tion e g still faulty current Thee overload bol may edw049 eps appear when us ing the stakeless measure ment on low resis tance cir cuits Legend A displayed flashing 59 1625 Users Manual EE PROM contact memory service access mal function edw050 eps Internal computa tion mal function edw051 eps Thermal Cool thor panra overload oughly e l _ a edw052 eps Battery The internal R VmA voltage de resistance of Qe Ke Hz creases at Ithe batteries ee e A SA measure lis too high TEST t t REMOTE n t AOO OO ment worn out low nosi ope temperature Replace bat teries warm up instrument Legend A displayed flashing Care and Maintenance If used and treated properly the instrument needs no maintenance To clean the instrument use only a moist cloth with some soap water or soft household 60 Earth Ground Tester Care and Maintenance detergent or spirit Avoid aggressive cleaning agents and solvents trilene chlorothene etc Service work must on
2. is only possible if it is acti vated by putting in a personalized user s code see Change of Setup Data with Personalized Code If this measuring function is activated in every meas urement of the four RE positions the earthing impedance R is displayed be fore all other measured values Correcting Clip on Transformer Errors If the measurement of an earthing resistance by means of a clip on transformer results in a significantly different value as if measured without the clip on the deviation may be due to the tolerances of the clip on current transformer This error can be corrected by fine tuning the clip on transformation ratio basic settings 1000 1 This correction applies to the transformer current range it was performed with For other ranges a different correction may be necessary 1 Connect a low Ohm resistor approx 1 Ohm in the range you want to correct as described in the picture below 42 Earth Ground Tester Procedure of Measurements edw017 eps Figure 14 Correcting Clip on Transformer Errors 2 Turn central rotary switch to position 3C RE 3pole 3 Press START TEST button and note result of RE value 4 Connect clip on transformer edw018 eps 5 Turn central rotary switch to position 3C RE 3pole 6 Press START TEST again If the thus measured value R deviates from the R value determined without clip on transformer by more than 5
3. A disconnection of the earth electrode before the measurement is therefore no longer necessary Aux Earth gt Electrode edw014 eps Figure 11 Measurement of Single Earth Electrode Resistances in Mesh Operated Earthing Systems 36 Earth Ground Tester Procedure of Measurements Errors of the current transformer can be corrected as described in Correcting Clip on Transformer Error 3 pole 4 pole Measurement of Single Earth Electrode Re sistances See Figure 12 Auxiliary earth electrode electrode edw015 eps Figure 12 3 pole 4 pole Measurement of Single Earth Electrode Resis tances Turn central rotary switch to position 3C RE 3pole or C RE 4pole The instrument is to be wired according to picture and notices given on the display A flashing of the sockets symbols OG or SC points to an incorrect or incomplete connection of the measuring lead Fix clip on transformer around the earth electrode to be measured Make sure that the clip on transformation ratio set on the instrument corre sponds to the clip on transformer used Change settings if necessary see Changing of all Data Settings with Personalised CODE 37 1625 Users Manual Note The ratio that is preset from factory is correct for the EI162X sensing clamp Press START TEST button Now a fully automated test sequence of all relevant parameters like auxiliary earth electrode probe and earth electrode resis
4. Figure 20 Compensation of Measuring Lead Resistance Changing of All Data Settings with Personalized CODE With this function FM UM Limit Limit beeper ratio R F limit and set values can be programmed which keeps them memorized even if the instru ment is switched ON OFF This feature enables the operator to create an in strument set up with customer defined settings according to the specific need Settings can only be made in the respective functions 51 1625 Users Manual Parameter Setting range Standard presetting 0 0002 29990 29 99 Q 0 0000 o RELIMIT LIMIT 0 0002 999k2 e 000 Q 999 KQ 999k kQ Warning On Off a onof o 0 0002 29990 29 99 Q 0 0000 o e ReELIMIT LIMIT 0 0002 999k2 e 000 Q 999 KQ 999k o kQ Warning On Off eS omot o 0 000 2 29 99 Q 0 000 Q R LIMIT LIMIT 0 0002 999k2 e 000 Q 999 KQ 999k kQ Warning On Off sound 52 Earth Ground Tester Procedure of Measurements 0 000 Q 29 99 Q 0 000 Q LIMIT On Off Off R LIMIT 0 000 Q 9 99 KQ 9 99 kQ Warning On Off Off sound Storing a Code 1 Press all 4 keys simultaneously and move central selector from OFF to the desired measuring mode The display shows C 2 Now enter the CODE number Any three digit number can be en tered Note Once a CODE has been entered all subsequently programmed values can only be changed after entering
5. C Operating temperature range 0 C 30 C Storage temperature range 30 C 70 C Quality standard Developed designed and manufactured to comply with DIN ISO 9001 64 Stakeless Earth Ground Resistance Testing Principle of Operation Dimensions Total length of adaptercable 1 8 m Length of shielded cable to clamp on CT 1 5 m Operating error 10 of m v 5 digit Display range 0 010 Q 130 Q Measuring frequency 128 Hz Measuring voltage Un 48 VAC primary Measuring range 0 020 Q 100 Q Resolution 001 1 ohm when using CT EI 162AC to induce voltage and CT EI 162X to detect current Recommended distance between CT s 10 cm Principle of Operation Purpose Testing the resistances of individual ground connections in systems with paral lel ground connections multi grounded systems 65 1625 Users Manual edw061 eps Stakeless Earth Ground Resistance Testing Principle of Operation If the parallel connection of resistors R1 Rn is considerably lower than the ground connection under test Rx 1 i 1 7 lt lt Rx R R R U sale then R eo 7 is a reasonable approximation The test voltage U is applied without disconnecting ground rod and or the direct electrical connection by means of a clamp on current transformer and the current detected by a second current transformer edw062 eps After synchronous rectificat
6. External field influ ence Auxiliary power Battery life span Dimensions Weight Case material 12 A socket SC to socket OOOO Urms 0 V Sockets E ES S H to each other in any com bination max Urms 250 V pertains to misuse IEC 61326 1 1997 Class A developed designed and manufactured to comply with DIN ISO 9001 complies with DIN 43780 8 76 6x 1 5 V alkali manganese batteries IEC LR6 or type AA with IEC LR6 type AA typ 3000 measurements RE tRH lt 1 KQ with IEC LR6 type AA typ 6000 measurements RE Ry gt 10 kQ 240 mm W x 220 mm D x 90 mm H lt 1 1 kg without accessories lt 5 5 kg incl accessories and batteries in carrying case NORYL shock and scratch proof thermoplast Earth Ground Tester Specifications Measurement of Interference Voltage DC AC U Measuring method fullwave rectification Measuring Display Resolu Frequency Limits of Er Range Range tion Range ror 1 50 V 0 0 50 V 0 1 V DC AC 5 of 45 400 Hz reading 5 sine digit Measuring sequence approx 4 measurements s approx 1 5 MQ Urms 250 V Internal resistance Max overload Measurement of Interference Frequency F Measuring method Measurement of oscillation period of the interfer ence voltage Measuring A Limits of 1 v mv aes ee 16 0 299 9 99 1V 9 Hz 50V Earthing Resistance R Measuring method
7. adjust the clip on transformation ratio tr correspondingly R withclip ontransformer trnew trold x ef P L R withoutclip onTransfprmer 43 1625 Users Manual Example Your clip on transformer has a transformation ratio of tr 1000 1 The meas urement without clip on transformer results in a value Ry 0 983 Q With a clip on transformer a value of Rg 1 175 Q is measured The deviation thus reads 1 175 0 983 Q 0 192 and referring to Rg 0 983 Q an error evolves as following 100 x 21228 19 5 0 983Q The new transformation ratio to be set calculates trnew 1000x L175 1195 0 983 Compensation of Earth Electrode Connecting Lead If the line resistance to the earth electrode can not be ignored a compensation of the connecting lead resistance to the earth electrode is possible Proceed as described below Measuring process Auxiliary earth electrode electrode edw019 eps Figure 15 Compensation of Earth Electrode Connecting Lead 1 Turn central rotary switch to position Rg 3pole 2 Wire instrument according to picture 44 Earth Ground Tester Procedure of Measurements 3 Call display Rx with DISPLAY MENU button 4 Implement compensation with START TEST button The compensation resistance is displayed only for as long as the START TEST button is kept pressed After releasing the START TEST button the measured value is stored and the measuring instrum
8. disconnecting any parallel electrodes One specific application of this capability is quick and ac curate measurement of power pylon grounds The 1625 also incorporates automatic frequency control AFC to minimize interference Before measur ing the instrument identifies existing interference and selects a measurement frequency to minimise its effect The 1625 incorporates microprocessor con trolled automatic measurements including checking probe hookup to ensure that measurements are taken correctly It measures all probe ground resistances to ensure reliable repeatable results Probe resistance and auxiliary earth resis tance are also measured and displayed 1625 Users Manual Notes e The terms earth and earthing also refer to ground and grounding and is used interchangeably throughout this manual e For stakeless earth resistance measurements the EI 1625 must be purchased The EI 1625 comes standard with the 1625 Kit Refer to Appendix A for a complete set of operating information including specifications e Selective measurements are described in the main section of this manual Figure displays the Fluke 1625 Earth Ground Tester ERORE 1625 EARTH GROUND TESTER ar lps A g V DISPLAY MENU AC Resistance Earth Ground Resistance 300kN 300kN DC LowResistance 3kN SELECT edw001 eps Figure 1 Fluke 1625 Earth Ground Tester Models and Accessories Table 1 lists the models and accesso
9. of Displays Function Displays Condition Note Measuring Check lead circuit of connection earth and on earth auxil earth spikes electrode measuring edwos7 eps discon lead might nected be defec tive Measuring Check lead ST im T V circuit of connection Li Lf earth and on earth probe elec spikes trode dis measuring eawoas eps Connected lead might be defec tive Max allow Try to i able error moisten I KQ exceeded soil or z because of connect EHO C too high 2nd aux eawo39 eps SENSE Or earth spike aux earth in parallel spike re sistance After Measuring Measured START range ex value is ceeded higher than 300 KQ edw040 eps Legend A displayed flashing 57 1625 Users Manual Function Displays Condition Note Display of Measured R measured value is E t J Q value ex higher than ceeds set LIMIT Tiia LIMIT edw041 eps Compen Delete sation compensa higher than tion or measured switch in value strument ON OFF Wrong po Reverse larity on polarity jacks E and ES edw043 eps Measured Unsteady value in noise volt stable age Try time aver age meas urement Current in Reduce external auxiliary trans current former to spike re low sistance edw045 eps Legend A displayed flashing 58 Earth Ground Tester Description of Displays
10. order to get correct readings For that reason ordinary testers using frequencies between 70 Hz and 140 Hz show incorrect readings This instrument measures with 55 Hz to be near enough to 50 60 Hz line frequency but to avoid interference with them 81 1625 Users Manual 82
11. the CODE number Once a CODE has been entered it cannot be erased or changed unless it is known If an unknown CODE has been programmed it can only be read or erased by its author or manufacturer Therefore note down your personal CODE here CODE 3 Inputing the code is done by means of the CHANGE ITEM and SELECT keys 4 Pressing the DISPLAY MENU key completes input The CODE is now stored and the display shows C ON 5 Ifthe display C ON is acknowledged by pressing DISPLAY MENU the first parameter of the selected measuring function is dis played and can be changed with the CHANGE ITEM and SELECT keys 53 1625 Users Manual 6 The changed value is stored by pressing the DISPLAY MENU key 7 Pressing the START TEST key exits the setting program Note If the limit values required by regulations are changed incorrect er roneous test results may be displayed Deleting a Code 54 1 Press all 4 keys simultaneously and move central selector from OFF to any measuring mode The display shows C _ 2 Now enter the existing CODE number 3 Inputing the code is done by means of the CHANGE ITEM and SELECT keys Pressing the DISPLAY MENU key completes in put 4 Display shows C ON In the C ON state the CODE function can be disabled by pressing the CHANGE ITEM key The display then shows C OFF 5 If this display is acknowledged by pressing the DISPLAY MENU key the
12. 01 Q 2 999 Q 0 001 Q 3 00 Q 29 99 Q 0 01 Q 0 020 Q 30 0 Q 299 9 Q 2 of 5 of mv 2 digit mv 5 300 kQ 0 300 kQ 2 999kQ 1Q a digit 5 00 KA 29 99 KO 30 0 kQ 299 9 kQ 100 Q Measuring time typ 8 sec with a fixed frequency 30 sec max with AFC and complete cycle of all measuring frequencies Additional error because of probe and auxiliary earth R Rs 20009 electrode resistance x1 25x10 Sdigits E Measuring error ofRHand typ 10 of R R Ry RS Max probe resistance lt IMQ Max auxiliary earth elec lt IMQ trode resistance Automatic check if error is kept within the limits required by IEC61557 S If after a measurement of probe auxiliary earth electrode and earthing resis tance a measurement error of higher than 30 is assumed because of the in 15 1625 Users Manual fluencing conditions see diagramm the display shows a warning symbol A and a notice that RS or RH are too high i 3000 1000 1000 Rx Re 300 edw005 eps Automatic switchover of measuring resolution in dependence to auxiliary earth electrode resistance Ry RH with Umeas 48 V RH with Umeas 20 V Resolution lt 300 Q lt 250 Q 1 mQ lt 60 kQ lt 25kQ 100 mQ 16 Earth Ground Tester Specifications Selective Measurement of the Earthing Resistance RC Measuring method Open circuit volt age Short circuit current Measuring fre quency Noise re
13. 105 111 128 Hz selected manually or auto matically AFC nee Display Range Resolution pcb is hn 0 001 Q 2 999 Q 0 001 Q 3 0 Q 29 99 Q 0 01 Q 0 020 Q 30 Q 299 9 Q 2 5 o0f mv of m v 5 digit 300 kQ 300 Q 2999 Q 2 digit 30 Ka 2009 KA 30 0 KQ 299 9 KQ 100 Q Measuring time typ 6 sec Max interference voltage 24 V with higher voltages measurement will not be started Max overload Urms max 250 V 18 Earth Ground Tester Specifications Resistance Measurement R Measuring method current voltage measurement as per IEC61557 4 possible Open circuit voltage 20 V DC Short circuit current 200 mA DC Formation of measured with 4 pole measurement wires on H S ES can value be extended without additional error Resistances gt 1 Q in wire E can cause additional error of 5m Q Q Measuring Display Range Resolution Operating Range Error 0 001 Q 2 999 Q 0 001 Q 0 020 Q 3 0 Q 29 99 Q 0 01 Q 5 of m v 5 3 kQ 30 0 Q 299 9 Q 0 1 Q re digit 5000 2999 0 Measuring sequence approx 2 measurements s Measuring time typ 4 sec incl reversal of polarity 2 pole or 4 pole Max interference voltage lt 3 V AC or DC with higher voltages measure ment will not be started Max inductivity 2 Henry Max overload Urms 250 V 19 1625 Users Manual Compensation of Lead Resistance R Compensation of lead resis
14. 2 Earth Ground Tester Procedure of Measurements To keep the instrument as simple as possible at the time of delivery all special functions such as LIMIT input BEEPER programming measurement of earthing impedance R_ etc are not activated at delivery They can be acti vated with personalized user s code see Changing of all Pre set Data with Personalized Code Refer to Figure 8 edw011 eps Figure 8 Earthing Resistances Measurement Method 3 pole 4 pole Measurement of Earthing Resistance This measuring function measures earthing and earth dissipation resistances of single earth electrodes foundation earth electrodes and other earthing systems by using 2 earth spikes See Figure 9 33 1625 Users Manual Auxiliary earth electrode F electrode edw012 eps Figure 9 3 pole 4 pole Measurement of Earthing Resistance Process 1 Turn central rotary switch to position Rg 3pole or Rg 4pole The instrument is to be wired according to picture and notices given on the display A flashing of the sockets symbols or SC points to an incorrect or incomplete connection of the measuring lead 2 Press START TEST button Now a fully automated test sequence of all relevant parameters like auxiliary earth electrode probe and earth electrode resistance is im plemented and finished with the display of the result Re 3 Read o
15. 38 Earth Ground Tester Procedure of Measurements reliable values the instrument offers the possibility of averaging over a longer period 1 Select a fixed frequency see Control loop Operation 2 Keep the START TEST button pressed until the warning measured value unstable disappears Max averaging time is approx min Measurements on High Voltage Pylons Measuring the Earthing Resistance without Disengaging the Overhead Earth Wire Using the Selective Clamp Method The measurement of the earth resistance of a single high voltage pylon usually requires the overhead earth wire to be disengaged lifted off or the seperation of the earthing system from the pylon construction Otherwise false reading of the resistance of the pylon earth electrode are liable to occur because of the parallel circuit of the other pylons connected to each other by an overhead earth wire The new measuring method employed in this instrument with its external current transformer to measure the true current flowing through the earth elec trode allows measurements of earth electrode resistances without disconnec tion of the earthing system or disengaging the overhead earth wire As all four pylon stubs are connected to the foundation earth of the pylon the measuring current Ia is divided into five components according to the pre sent resistances involved One part flows via pylon construction to the overhead earth wire and further to the pa
16. FLUKE 1625 Earth Ground Tester January 2006 2006 Fluke Corporation All rights reserved Printed in USA All product names are trademarks of their respective companies LIMITED WARRANTY AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITY Each Fluke product is warranted to be free from defects in material and workmanship under normal use and service The warranty period is two years and begins on the date of shipment Parts product repairs and services are warranted for 90 days This warranty extends only to the original buyer or end user customer of a Fluke authorized reseller and does not apply to fuses disposable batteries or to any product which in Fluke s opinion has been misused altered neglected contaminated or damaged by accident or abnormal conditions of operation or handling Fluke warrants that software will operate substantially in accordance with its functional specifications for 90 days and that it has been properly recorded on non defective media Fluke does not warrant that software will be error free or operate without interruption Fluke authorized resellers shall extend this warranty on new and unused products to end user customers only but have no authority to extend a greater or different warranty on behalf of Fluke Warranty support is available only if product is purchased through a Fluke authorized sales outlet or Buyer has paid the applicable international price Fluke re serves the right to invoice Buyer for importation costs
17. IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PAR TICULAR PURPOSE FLUKE SHALL NOT BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL INDIRECT INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR LOSSES INCLUDING LOSS OF DATA ARISING FROM ANY CAUSE OR THEORY Since some countries or states do not allow limitation of the term of an implied warranty or exclusion or limitation of incidental or consequential damages the limitations and ex clusions of this warranty may not apply to every buyer If any provision of this Warranty is held invalid or unenforceable by a court or other decision maker of competent jurisdiction such holding will not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision Fluke Corporation Fluke Europe B V P O Box 9090 P O Box 1186 Everett WA 98206 9090 5602 BD Eindhoven U S A The Netherlands 11 99 Table of Contents Introduction 0 cceeceeccescescessesseeecesecseecceesecaeessecseeeeseaecaaecaeeeeeeseenaeeatees Modelsand Accessories i iccdacecaissaescticceestetdeaedees tudes es iiaa Safety Instructions eacee ena e E EE Qualified Staff Eny o ORE E E E AS E WTP ACK Gs vs canecsuissra sheaves onetsesssagecesesnel dep Gnsuiephowes asaeseartesseneesessenades Checking the Scope of Delivery Genera ses pesca sates EAE AAEE EE EA EEE neato Additional ACCESSOTIES cvieiccsccesecnsesesatenessseesecdtesssnenneessueteede tovansasevetevense Assembly eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeee Description of FUNCTIONS ec eceeeeeeeteeeeseeeeeeeeee
18. OFF on the rotary switch b Stand by disable A simultaneous push of buttons DISPLAY MENU and CHANGE ITEM during switching on prevents the instrument from being switched off automati cally Stand by The battery saving mode is reactivated with ON OFF on the central rotary switch c Prolonged displaytest By keeping the DISPLAY MENU button pressed during switching on the display test can be prolonged for any length of time Return to the standard operation mode by pressing any button or turning of the central rotary switch d Number of software version By keeping the SELECT button pressed during the switch on sequence the number of the software version is indicated on the display By pressing the DISPLAY MENU button a switch over to the last calibration date is possi ble This display sequence is terminated by turning the central rotary switch or pressing the START TEST button Display format SOFTWARE version xX XX Date of calibration MM JJ Note At delivery the date of calibration is set to 0 00 Only after the first recalibration a proper date is indicated 25 1625 Users Manual e Activation of display illumination By keeping the CHANGE ITEM button pressed during the switch on se quence the display illumination is activated Illumination fades away automati cally if the instrument is switched to Stand by and together with the instru ment is switched on again by pressing any button The instrum
19. asurement of Soil Resistivity c cccccsceteeseetees Resistance Measurement R Resistance Measurement R Evaluation of Measured Value Compensation of Measuring Lead Resistance l Ba OES e tE E A E ET EE E oontaee pal Earth Resistance Maximum Permissible Value Bel 37 1625 Users Manual vi Earth Ground Tester Introduction At locations involving the generation distribution and consumption of electri cal energy certain safety measures must be met in order to protect human life In many cases these safety measures are national and international regulations which must be checked regularly Grounding the connection of exposed con ductive parts to the earth in case of a fault represents the most fundamental safety measure There are requirements for grounding of transformers high and medium voltage power pylons railway tracks tanks vats foundations and lightning protection systems The effectiveness of grounding systems should be checked using a ground test instruments such as the 1625 which checks the effectiveness of connections to the ground The 1625 provides the perfect solution by combining the latest technology into a compact field rugged and extremely easy to use instrument In addition to performing standard 3 and 4 pole ground resistance measure ments an innovative process accurately measures individual earth electrode resistances in single and meshed earthed systems without
20. current and voltage measurement with probe as IEC61557 5 Open circuit voltage 20 48 V AC Short circuit current 250 mA AC Measuring frequency 94 105 111 128 Hz selected manually or automatic AFC 55 Hz in function R 120 dB 16 2 3 50 60 400 Hz Urns 250 V Noise rejection Max overload 13 1625 Users Manual Intrinsic Er ror or Influ ence Quan tity Reference Con ditions or Speci fied Operating Range Designation Code Table 2 Electrical Measurement Specifications Requirements or Test in Ac cordance with the Relevant Parts of IEC 1557 Intrinsic error Reference condi A Part 5 6 1 tions Position Reference posi E1 Part 1 4 2 tion 90 Supply volt At the limits E2 Part 1 4 2 age stated by the 4 3 manufacturer Temperature 0 C and 35 C E3 Part 1 4 2 Series inter See 4 2 and 4 3 E4 Part 5 4 2 ference volt 4 3 age Resistance 0 to 100 x R E5 Part 5 4 3 ofthe probes puts 50 ko and auxiliary earth elec trodes System fre 99 to101 of E7 Part 5 4 3 quency the nominal fre quency System volt 85 to110 of E8 Part 5 4 3 age the nominal volt age Operating Part 5 4 3 error B A 1 15 E E2EP ERE EEF E 14 Earth Ground Tester Specifications intrinsic error B B x 100 variations fiducial value routine test type test Measurin Max Op g Display Range Resolution erating Range Error 0 0
21. d Earthing Systems Using Selective Clamp Meethod i jssesciateadtis seeds sxetecta hi ivieedoceadiscacecdevee a isaisa etade oota Et Eek 3 pole 4 pole Measurement of Single Earth Electrode R sistances urarea Sus EEE EE E ENESTAS EEE Measurements on High Voltage Pylons ssesseeeeeseeeeesesereeeseeee Correcting Clip on Transformer Errors Compensation of Earth Electrode Connecting Lead 0 Measurement of Soil Resistivity ccceeceseesecseeeceeeceecseeeeeeeeenseene Measurement of Resistances 0 00 0 cceseecsessecreeseeeceseeecseeseeeesaeeeceees Resistance Measurement R scssecseesssescetecneeeeeeeeceaecseeeeeteeenaes Resistance Measurement R ccescsseesceseesseeseeeeceeesseesteeeeeaes Compensation of Measuring Lead Resistance cesses Changing of All Data Settings with Personalized CODE Storing a CODE secs sceseecs ceuteviaschtecesicoaness szetaondess ESKE te seeaaasssactesseievsne Deleting a Code sics tecevcisstiacesseocesthsamenses EEEE Description Of Displays cscesesceseeecseeseceesseeecesesecneesecnteaeeeeeaeseees Care and Maintenance cccccccesccesssccecssscecescecesssececssneeceseeecessseeeesaee Replacing Batteries ecceceesseescesecseeesceeeceseceeeeceaecaecseeeeeeeenaeees Reali bration 2s cissasssiavscsessansanssiueveneniey sobevsevvans piaeehscdapssnyyuey sanensteree Settings on the Tester cceccccesssesecssecseesece
22. d safety instructions pertaining to the specific application in question Similar precuations apply to the use of accessories Caution Operation of electrical equipment inevitably causes certain parts of such equipment to carry dangerous voltage Non compliance with precautions may therefore cause major physical or material damage Fault free and reliable operation of this instrument requires suitable transport and storage setting up and assembly as well as care in operation and mainte nance If there is reason to believe that risk free operation is no longer possible the instrument should be switched off immediately and protected against acciden tal restarting Risk free operation shall be deemed to be no longer possible if and when the instrument e shows visible damage e fails to work in spite of functioning batteries e has been exposed for some time to unfavorable conditions e g stor age beyond the permissible climatic limits without adaptation to the ambient climate dewing etc e has been exposed to major strain during transport e g been dropped from some height without visible external damage etc or e shows El E5 on the display Earth Ground Tester Setup Qualified Staff Consists of persons familiar with the setting up assembly starting up and op eration of the product and possess the qualifications required for such activi ties such as e training instruction and or authorization to per
23. e Changing of All Data Settings with Personalised CODE 40 Earth Ground Tester Procedure of Measurements 3 Press START TEST button Now a fully automated test sequence of all relevant parameters like auxiliary earth electrode probe and earth electrode resistance is im plemented and finishes with the display of the result Rg 4 Read out measured value Rg 5 Call Rs and Ry with DISPLAY MENU Notices for the setting of earth spikes Before setting the earth spikes for probe and auxiliary earth electrode make sure that the probe is set outside the potential gradient of earth electrode and auxiliary earth electrode see also The Influence of Potential Gradient Areas on Earth Resistance Measurement Such a condition is normally reached by allowing a distance of gt 20 m between the earth electrode and the earth spikes as well as to the earth spikes to each other An accuracy test of the results is made with another measurement after repositioning of auxiliary earth electrode or probe If the result is the same the distance is sufficient If the measured value changes probe or auxiliary earth electrode must be repositioned until the measured value Rg remains constant Spike wires should not run too close 1 Apply current transformer to next pylon stub 2 Repeat measuring sequence Current feeding point of measuring current alligator clip and the polarity of the split core current transformer has to be left
24. e Limit value exceeded Socket recognition Recognition of current transformer socket Message of an exceeded limit with beeper Battery voltage too low replace batteries Interface optional active button operation locked Measuring circuit E S E H interrupted or measured value instable A Warning Refer to Operating Instructions Procedure of Measurements A Warning Use the instrument on voltage free systems only 1 Set measuring function with the central rotary switch 2 Connect instrument without measuring lead connected START is omitted 3 Start measurement with START TEST button 4 Read out measured value For optimum performance and utilization of the device observe the following points 24 Earth Ground Tester Procedure of Measurements POWER ON Functions During switching on of the instrument with the central rotary switch it is pos sible to access certain operating conditions by pressing certain button combina tions a Standard mode If the device is put into operation without further button control it switches into a battery saving condition Stand by display approx 50 seconds after the termination of a measurement or after a button push or turn of the rotary switch Pressing the DISPLAY MENU reactivates the instrument the old measured values can be read out again After 50 min of stand by the Display is turned off completely Instrument is reactivated with ON
25. ed from the period time Earth Ground Tester Description of Functions Measurement of Earthing Resistance R The earthing resistance is determined by a 3 or 4 pole current and voltage measurement The measuring voltage is a square pulse AC voltage with 48 20 V and a frequency of 94 105 111 or 128 Hz The frequency can be selected manually or automatically AFC Selective Measurement of Earthing Resistance R 2C Measurement of a single earth electrode in a mesh operated parallel earthing system The current flowing through the single earth electrode is measured with an external current transformer Resistance Measurement R The resistance is determined by a 2 pole current and voltage measurement The measuring voltage is a square pulse AC voltage with 20 V and a frequency of 94 105 111 or 128 Hz The frequency can be selected manually or automati cally AFC Low Resistance Measurement R The resistance is determined by DC current and voltage measurement 2 as well as 4 pole measurement is possible The short circuit current is gt 200 mA The resistance of both current directions is measured and stored Checking for Correct Measuring Connection The processor checks if the measuring lead is properly connected according to the selected function via isolated two piece contacts inside of each 4 mm ba nana input socket in combination with detection circuitry A wrong or miss ing connection is indicated by an
26. eeceeeeeeseeseeeeaeeeeeeees Applications Description of Displays cccccccescsseesceesceecseeeseeecesecnseeseeereeas ii List of Tables Table Title 1 Models and Accessories o E 2 Electrical Measurement Specifications 3 Description of Displays ccccescescseeeeseeeeeeeeeeseeseees iii 1625 Users Manual Wp SAME hs S List of Figures Figure Title Page Fluke 1625 Earth Ground Tester ecesceseeseeeeteeneees Description Of Functions ccesccesceseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaes Display ccc costae sgdvesdecoustuseadis vectietersesadieesneNias iape aooe Operating Elements uisindcacicsanvosoansataniaanitiesnnunsanomstakioes Display Elements 0 c ccccccsseesceesecseeseceseeneeeeeneeeaes Operational Modes cesccsesceesceeeeeseeeeeeteeeseeeseeensees Measurement of Interference Voltages and Frequencies ccesccescceseeeeeseeeeseeesseeenes Earthing Resistances Measurement Method 3 pole 4 pole Measurement of Earthing Resistance Measurement of Single Earth Electrode Resistances in Mesh Operated Earthing Systems ccccccessereeees 3 pole 4 pole Measurement of Single Earth Electrode Resistances ccsccessseereseeceeeeseeseeeeceaeeaeees Measuring the Earthing Resistance without Disengaging the Overhead Earth Wire cseee Correcting Clip on Transformer Errors Compensation of Earth Electrode Connecting Lead Me
27. ems Ground conductors are for example bonded to grids or concrete footing grounds and other conducting elements such as lightning protection systems or frameworks In this case the resistances of individual ground paths are not of significance It must be tested if the resistance of the bonding is sufficiently low and reli able 70 Stakeless Earth Ground Resistance Testing Principle of Operation Lightning Protection Footing ground Framework edw066 eps 71 1625 Users Manual Description of Displays With stakeless ground testing some display combinations have certain signifi cance Display Significance Note Polarity of Turn one CT s is re CT versed edw067 eps Resistance Switch under testis on off for below meas next test uring range or adapter cable is plugged into ground tester incorrectly edw068 eps Legend A displayed flashing 72 Stakeless Earth Ground Resistance Testing Principle of Operation Display Significance Note Resistance under test is jst m m V a LILI ee ae Legend A displayed flashing edw069 eps 73 Appendix B Earthing Resistance Introduction Per definition the earthing resistance consists of several individual resistances 1 The resistance of connecting lead to earth electrode 2 The resistance of the actual earth electrode earthing rod earthing plate earthing strip mesh earth electrode etc 3 The dissipat
28. ent is switched off with ON OFF on the central rotary switch exclusively Operation The measuring functions have two initial operational modes the Control loop and the Measuring loop see Figure 6 26 Earth Ground Tester Procedure of Measurements CONTROL LOOP MEASURING LOOP POWER ON Function SELECT MEASURING FUNTION WITH 1 X START CENTRAL ROTARY 4 SWITCH SET LMU OR DISPLAY MEASURED VALUE 1 X DISPLAY VOLTAGE DR SUPPLEMENTARY VALUE MEASUREMENT QUICK DIGIT DECIMAL POIN SWITCHOVER SPOT SELECTION SET VALUE 1 X CHANGE INCREASE SELECTED SPOT DIGIT DECIMAL POINT BY 1 edw009 eps Figure 6 Operational Modes 27 1625 Users Manual Control Loop After turning the function rotary switch the voltage display mode is reached Pushing DISPLAY MENU now calls up the control loop According to the selected measuring function different setting values can be displayed and changed in the control loop The DISPLAY MENU button switches between the different set values inside a contiuous loop The SELECT button selects the decimal point to be changed Pushing the CHANGE ITEM button the instrument either switches between certain set values or increases the decimal point selected with SELECT by 1 After parmeter setting has been finished the next display can be called with DISPLAY MENU or the measurement can be started with START TEST Depending on the selected function the following param
29. ent returns to the standard settings at the beginning of the measurement so that a succeeding measurement of the earthing resistance can be implemented by pressing START TEST again Thereafter Rx is subtracted from the actual measured value If the compensation value has to be reset to the basic setting 0 000 Q the compensation sequence has to be implemented with an open disconnected measuring lead or turn the switch to the next position and back Measurement of Soil Resistivity The soil resistivity is the geological and physical quantity for calculation and design of earthing systems The measuring procedure applied below uses the method developed by Wenner F Wenner A method of measuring earth resis tivity Bull National Bureau of Standards Bulletin 12 4 Paper 258 S 478 496 1915 16 edw020 eps Figure 16 Measurement of Soil Resistivity 45 1625 Users Manual 1 Four earth spikes of the same length are positioned into the soil in an even line and with the same distance a to each other The earth spikes should not be hammered in deeper than a maximum of 1 3 of Nal 2 Turn central rotary switch to position Rg 4pole The instrument is to be wired according to picture and notices given on the display A flashing of the sockets symbols or QSC points to an incorrect or incomplete connection of the measuring lead 3 Push START TEST button 4 Read out measured value Rg From the indica
30. es Measurement of Interference Voltage Ugp Measurement of Interference Frequency Fsr Measurement of Earthing Resistance Rp Selective Measurement of Earthing Resistance Rg SC Resistance Measurement R ccceseeseeeeceseceseeseeeeeeaeenee Low Resistance Measurement R 006 Checking for Correct Measuring Connection STS TS TS TORS HO RO NTE Sp cifications 3 iasd3 sesasves cesesesavis isinsin Eniri Measurement of Interference Voltage DC AC Usr Measurement of Interference Frequency Fsr Earthing Resistance Rg cssssceescesseseeseeeeceeenseeseeeeeeaes Selective Measurement of the Earthing Resistance RC Resistance Measurement R Resistance Measurement R 04 Compensation of Lead Resistance Rx Description of the Operating Elements Description of Display Elements Procedure of Measurement s ccc seccesseseeeseeeeetecssesrsesecsesenseeeseenes POWER ON Functions OPCPALI ON AA been catessasbaee ch Gausehesteaheesssconnseetevieeee de Checking of Correct Measuring Connection Socket Allocation Safety Control Measurements 1625 Users Manual Measurement of Interference Voltages and Frequencies Measurement of Earthing Resistances ccccsceescescesecseeeeeeteeeneeee 3 pole 4 pole Measurement of Earthing Resistance 008 Measurement of Single Earth Electrode Resistances in Mesh Operate
31. eters can be displayed or changed Function Parameter Setting Range Remarks U ST display only F ST display only RE FM AFC 94 105 111 128 Hz 3pole UM 48 V 20 V selectable to 20 V with CODE and RK 0 000 Q 29 99 Q in position RE 3pole only RE LIMIT 0 000 Q 999 KQ only if activated with CODE RE warning On Off only if RE LIMIT 4pole Sound is activated with CODE R On Off only if activated with CODE RE UST display only F ST display only 28 Earth Ground Tester Procedure of Measurements 2C UM 48 V 20 V selectable to 20 V with CODE and RK 0 000 Q 29 99 Q in position RE 3pole only RE I ratio 80 1200 display only Apole RE LIMIT 0 000 Q 999 KQ only if activated 2C with CODE warning On Off only if RE LIMIT sound is activated with CODE R On Off only if activated with CODE see Compensation of Ea rth Electrode Connecting Lead Function Parameter Setting Range Remarks U ST display only F st display only FM AFC 94 105 111 128 Hz R Rk 0 000 2 29 99 Q R LIMIT 0 000 Q 999 KQ only if activated with CODE A warning On Off only if R LIMIT sound is activated with CODE R U ST display only 2pole F ST display only and Rk 0 000 2 29 99 Q Apole R LIMIT 0 000 Q 9 99 KQ only if activated with CODE warning On Off only if R LIMIT is sound activa
32. form the following op erations on circuits and equipment according to safety engineering standards switching on and off disconnecting earthing grounding labeling e training or instructions according to safety engineering standards in the care and main tenance of adequate safety equipment e training in rendering first aid Setup Unpacking Check delivery for damage during transport Keep the packing material for later transport and check scope of delivery Checking the Scope of Delivery Upon unpacking immediately check the accessories for missing parts The ac cessories supplied are listed on page 2 Caution Although the instrument is easy to operate please read these operating instructions carefully for safety reasons and in order to make optimum use of the instrument The measuring functions are only all activated when the instrument is con nected 1625 Users Manual General Microprocessor controlled universal earth resistance meter with fully auto mated measuring frequency selection process as well as automatic testing of probe and auxiliary earth electrode resistances and possible interference volt ages as per DIN IEC61557 5 EN61557 S e Measurement of interference voltage Usr e Measurement of interference frequency Fsr e Measurement of probe resistance Rs e Measurement of auxiliary earth electrode resistance Ry e Measurement of earthing resistance 3pole 4pole Rg with or without using the e
33. gainst damage by leaking electrolyte 62 Stakeless Earth Ground Resistance Testing Care and Maintenance Appendix A Stakeless Earth Ground Resistance Testing Introduction Stakeless testing provides the ground tester with the unique capability to meas ure individual ground resistances in multi grounded systems using two clamp on current transformers The use of ground stakes is not necessary Before this method was available users were required to disconnect an indi vidual ground path to be tested from other grounds to eliminate the influence of parallel ground paths This was time consuming at the minimum and in many cases dangerous Once disconnected the standard 3 pole terminal ground testing method was used which requires auxiliary earth stakes In addition to consuming additional time finding suitable locations for the ground stakes can be difficult and in some cases impossible The stakeless method of ground resistance testing eliminates these problems and ideally complements the ground testers stan dard testing methods 63 1625 Users Manual Specifications edw060 eps General Adapter unit for use with ground testers in the mode Rg 3 3 pole Order No El 1625 All information contained in this section exclusively refers to this application Principle Ground testing without using earth stakes for the probe and the auxiliary earth elec trode Working temperature range 10 C 55
34. he base part which contains the measuring electronics 2 The protective housing The functions are selected with the central rotary switch Four rubber buttons which start measurements read out supplementary measuring values and select special functions are located on the left hand side of the front panel This de sign enables quick and clear one hand operation The measured values are displayed on a liquid crystal display with correct decimal point and unit Various additional special characters indicate measur ing mode operating condition and error messages The auxiliary power supply consists of 6 x 1 5 V batteries IEC R6 or LR6 or type AA This device has been developed designed and manufactured in compliance with quality system DIN ISO 9001 Description of Functions The following flowchart presents a description of the functions of the 1625 Earth Ground Tester 1625 Users Manual Switching Voltage Current Undervoltage Supply measurement measurement Source detection voltage ee clic Relais Rotary selector driver switch buttons Figure 2 Description of Functions edw003 eps Measurement of Interference Voltage U Fullwave rectification for DC and AC DC without operational sign AC signal sinus calibrated for r m s values If limit values are exceeded no measurement will be started Measurement of Interference Frequency F For interference voltage gt 1 V its frequency is deriv
35. he ohmic resistance between 0 001 Q and 300 kQ The measurement is done with AC voltage For measurements of very low resistances a compensation of the connecting leads is suggested see Compensation of Measuring Lead Resistance edw023 eps Figure 17 Resistance Measurement R 1 Turn central rotary switch to position R 48 Earth Ground Tester Procedure of Measurements 2 Connect instrument according to picture 3 In this mode all settings and LIMIT values available can be called with DISPLAY MENU and the measuring frequency can be set 4 Press START TEST button 5 Read out measured value Resistance Measurement R In this measuring mode all resistances from 0 001 Q to 3 kQ can be measured with DC voltage and automatic polarity reversal as per EN61557 5 To achieve highest accuracy 4 pole measurements are possible To balance the extension lead a compensation has to be done edw024 eps Figure 18 Resistance Measurement R 1 Connect instrument according to picture 2 Turn central rotary switch to position R 3 In this mode all settings and LIMIT values available can be called with DISPLAY MENU A Warning Before starting a measurement bring plant or test object to off or de energized circuit condition With an external volt age higher than 3 V measurement will not be started 49 1625 Users Manual A Warning Due to the high measuring current inductive l
36. he prescribed accuracies by multiples as it leaves the factory To maintain it in this state we recommend a check at 1 year intervals Please contact the nearest sales or service center for this purpose As an extra service feature we offer you periodic checking and calibration of your meters You may order for a fee either company test certificates or test certificates of the public calibration service at your option These orders will be carried out either generally or with additional test records measuring points as ordered by you Service If you suspect that the tester has failed review this manual to make sure you are operating it correctly If the meter still fails to operate properly pack I se curely in its original container if available and forward it postage paid to the nearest Fluke Service Center Include a brief description of the problem Fluke assumes NO responsibility for damage in transit To locate an authorized service center call Fluke using any of the phone num bers listed below USA 1 888 99 FLUKE 1 888 993 5853 Canada 1 800 36 FLUKE 1 800 363 5853 Europe 31 402 678 2005 Japan 81 3 3434 0181 Singapore 65 738 5655 Anywhere in the world 1 425 446 5500 Or visit us on the World Wide Web www fluke com To register your prod uct visit register fluke com Storage If the instrument is stored or remains unused for some time the batteries should be removed and stored separately to guard a
37. ignals e g unsteady noise voltage Nevertheless to get reliable values the instrument offers the possibility of averanging over a longer period 1 Select a fixed frequency see Control loop in Operation 2 Keep the START TEST button pressed until the warning measured value unstable disappears Max averaging time is approx min Evaluation of measured value Figure 10 shows the maximum permissible value of the Earth resistance which will not exceed a permissible limit value taking into account the maximum usage error Desired Values 1 100 200 500 1000 3000 3152 I CEE 100 200 500 1000 2000 2999 gt Measured Values 12 edw013 eps Figure 10 Earth Resistance Maximum Permissible Value 35 1625 Users Manual Measurement of Single Earth Electrode Resistances in Mesh Operated Earthing Systems Using Selective Clamp Method This measuring method has been created to measure single earth electrodes in permanently wired or mesh operated systems e g lightning protection system with several electrodes or high voltage pylons with earth cabling etc By measuring the actual current flow through the earth electrode this special measuring method provides the unique possibility to measure selectively only this particular resistance by means of a clip on transformer accessory Other parallel resistances applied are not taken into account and do not distort the measuring result
38. ion of current and voltage the tester displays Rx 67 1625 Users Manual Operation Connect the adapter according to the diagram and the designations E S and H C1 P1 and P2 for US version to the tester and to a current clamp Black El 162AC El 162X edw063 eps Use the test cable contained in the set to connect the second current clamp to the socket Ensure that connections are in the correct polarity Turn the rotary switch of the tester to position Rg 3 pole Note Use only current transformers referred to in this manual Clamp both transformers around the ground conductor to be tested Note Try to have a distance gt 10 cm between the clamps for optimal re sults 68 Stakeless Earth Ground Resistance Testing Principle of Operation edw064 eps Pushing the START button will display the value of Rg Note In this particular mode the values of RH and RS have no meaning Settings on the Tester Refer to the Operation section in the Testers instruction manual The rotary switch of the tester must be in the R 3 pole position Um Set Test Voltage to 48 V standard value R Set compensation resistance to 0 000 Ohms I Set transformer ratio to 1000 standard value R Set to OFF no meaning in this mode 69 1625 Users Manual Applications Example1 Ground rod on power poles edw065 eps Example 2 Tests on multi grounded inter connected syst
39. ion resistance the resistance between earth electrode and soil potential As the connecting cable and the resistance of the earth electrode are negligibly small after correct dimensioning the earthing resistance dominantly de pendends on the dissipation resistance This shows that an accurate measure ment of the dissipation resistance is necessary to determine the exact earthing conditions for protective measures As the dissipation resistance is not only dependent on the specific soil resistivity that is the resistance of the actual soil gravel clay granite but also significantly depents on the shape of the earth electrode a metrological check has to be made even if the position of the earth electrode and the condition of the soil is well known For redimensioning of an earthing system e g a lightning protection an ap proximate calculation according to the table below is possible As a basis for this calculation the soil resistivity of the spot where the earth electrode is to be installed has to be known 74 Earthing Resistance Principle of Operation Soil Re Earthing Resistance Q sitivity Earthing Rod m 3 10 PS 1G e E 20 Moist humus soil moor soil swamp Farming soil loam y and clay soils Sandy clay soils y sandy soil Concrete 5 Moist gravel Dry gravel Stoney soil for concrete mixtures 7 the values have to be increased by 24 Dr qt 75 1625 Users Manual S
40. jection Max overload Measuring Range Display Range Current and voltage measurement with probe as per EN61557 5 and current measurement in the individual branch with additional current transformer patent ap plied for 20 48 V AC 250 mA AC 94 105 111 128 Hz selected manually or automati cally AFC 55 Hz R5 120 dB 16 2 3 50 60 400 Hz max Urms 250 V measurement will not be started Intrinsic Error Operating Resolution Error 0 001 2 999 Q 3 00 29 99 Q 30 0 299 9 Q 7 of m v 2 digit 10 of m v 30 KQ 0 300 2 999 kQ 300 2990 4 With recommended current clamps transformers R Rs 2000Q R 1Q 5 digit Additonal error because of probe and auxiliary earth typ electrode resis tance x 1 25x10 Sdigits ETOTAL Measuring error of RH typ of 10 of R R R and RS ETOTAL s H Measuring time typ 8 sec with a fixed frequency 30 sec max with AFC and complete cycle of all measuring frequencies 17 1625 Users Manual Minimal current in single 0 5 mA with transformer 1000 1 branch to be measured 0 1 mA with transformer 200 1 Max interference current 3A with a transformer 1000 1 through transformer Resistance Measurement R Measuring method current and voltage measurement Measuring voltage 20 V AC square pulse Short circuit current gt 250 mA AC Measuring frequency 94
41. ly be undertaken by trained qualified staff In all repair work care must be taken that the design parameters of the instru ment are not modified to the detriment of safety that assembled parts corre spond to the original spares and that they are reassembled properly factory state Caution Before any maintenance repair or parts replacement the instrument must be disconnected from all voltage sources Replacing Batteries Note NiMH or NiCADcells may be used but must be charged outside of the instrument The number of measurements available with these cells will typically be different to those available using alkaline cells This instrument is equipped with six 1 5 V batteries IEC RL 6 or type AA If after pressing the START button all display segments are lit instrument re sets display test or if LO BAT appears on display during a measurement the batteries must be replaced or the accumulators must be recharged Caution For replacement of batteries the measuring cable must be disconnected and the instrument switched off Now the two screws at the rear of the instrument can be loosened with a suitable tool screwdriver and the battery recess cover removed When replacing batteries mind the correct polarity Always replace the complete set of batteries Note For protection of the environment please ensure proper disposal of the batteries 61 1625 Users Manual Recalibration This instrument exceeds t
42. oads can cause lethal induced voltages during disconnection from the measuring circuit 4 Start measurement with START TEST button First R1 with positive voltage is measured on jack E After releasing the START TEST button R is measured with negative voltage on jack E The respectively higher measured value is displayed first The second measured value can be called with DISPLAY MENU If the set limit value R LIMIT is exceeded the limit can also be dis played Evaluation of measured value Taking into account the maximum operating error the diagrams show the maximum admissable display values to be displayed so not to exceed the re quired resistance Measuring Range 29 99 299 9 2999 Q Desired Values 0 100 200 590 1000 3000 3152 1 Pr tie 100 200 500 1000 2000 2999 gt _ Measured Values 1M edw025 eps Figure 19 Evaluation of Measured Value Compensation of Measuring Lead Resistance 50 l 2 3 Call display of Rx with button DISPLAY MENU Short circuit measuring lead according to picture Press START TEST button Value Rx is stored after the release of the START TEST button the display jumps back to voltage meas urement Thereafter Rx is subtracted from the actual measured value Earth Ground Tester Procedure of Measurements Turning the central rotary switch for a short moment deletes the line compensation again edw026 eps
43. of repair replacement parts when product purchased in one country is submitted for repair in another country Fluke s warranty obligation is limited at Fluke s option to refund of the purchase price free of charge repair or replacement of a defective product which is returned to a Fluke authorized service center within the warranty period To obtain warranty service contact your nearest Fluke authorized service center to obtain return authorization information then send the product to that service center with a de scription of the difficulty postage and insurance prepaid FOB Destination Fluke as sumes no risk for damage in transit Following warranty repair the product will be re turned to Buyer transportation prepaid FOB Destination If Fluke determines that failure was caused by neglect misuse contamination alteration accident or abnormal condition of operation or handling including overvoltage failures caused by use outside the prod uct s specified rating or normal wear and tear of mechanical components Fluke will pro vide an estimate of repair costs and obtain authorization before commencing the work Following repair the product will be returned to the Buyer transportation prepaid and the Buyer will be billed for the repair and return transportation charges FOB Shipping Point THIS WARRANTY IS BUYER S SOLE AND EXCLUSIVE REMEDY AND IS IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY
44. oil Resistivity p The soil resistivity is the resistance measured between two opposing surfaces of a cube of homogenous soil material with a lateral length of 1 meter The unit is Qm see picture edw054 eps The soil resistivity significantly depends on the specific kind of material farm ing soil dry sand moist sand concrete gravel etc but also depends on sea sonal changes Dry soil has a higher resistivity than moist soil and frozen ground has a higher resistivity than dry warm sand see picture The two examples below show the change of resistivity during the course of one year 76 Earthing Resistance Principle of Operation W a 5 s oO a g Pi s al f W edw055 eps Temporal change of the earthing resistance of a conductor earth electrode earth strip earth cable Earth resistance Re gt edw056 eps Temporal change of the earthing resistance of a buried earth electrode earth pipe earth plate 77 1625 Users Manual Measuring Method The current voltage measuring method is based on the block diagram circuit shown in the figure below edw057 eps An AC generator G feeds current I via earth electrode E earth electrode resis tance R and auxiliary earth electrode H auxiliary earth electrode resi
45. optical or acoustical signal Beeper The built in beeper has two functions 1 Giving messages if set limit values are exceeded 2 Indicating dangerous conditions or maloperation Controlling is done by means of the microprocessor 1625 Users Manual LO BAT Supervision of the battery charge status is done with a comparator circuit Via microprocessor a drop in battery capacity down to typ 10 of its specified value is indicated on the display with symbol LO BAT Specifications General Microprocessor controlled fully automated earth measuring instrument with additional functions Measuring function interference voltage and frequency earthing resis tance 3 and 4 pole with without clip on current transformer resistance 2 pole with AC 2 and 4 pole with DC Display 4 digit 2999 Digit 7 segment liquid crystal display see Figure 4 digit size 18 mm with supplementary signs and active illumination REA m 0 A ma mi LPL LFH REMOT TEST LO BAT ean OO edw004 eps Figure 3 Display 10 Earth Ground Tester Specifications Operation Central rotary switch and function keys Working temperature range 10 C 50 C Operating temperature range 0 C sa t39 C Nominal temperature range 18 C 28 C Storage temperature range 30 C 60 C Note The chart of four temperature ranges for the instrument exist to sat isfy European Standards requirements the instrument can be u
46. rallelly circuited pylon earthing resistances The other four current components Ij I4 flow via the individual pylon foots The addition of all currents result in a current I going through the earthing resistance i e the resistance of the composite earth electrode to the soil If the current transformer is fixed to each pylon stub one after the other four resistances have to be measured which show a behaviour inversely propor tional to the corresponding current components I I4 The feeding point of the measuring current is to be left unchanged to avoid a change in the current distribution 39 1625 Users Manual Accordingly these equivalent resistances are displayed as U Ky a li Therefore the earthing resistance Rg of the pylon is determined as a parallel circuit of the individual equivalent resistances Auxiliary earth electrode edw016 eps Figure 13 Measuring the Earthing Resistance without Disengaging the Overhead Earth Wire 1 Turn central rotary switch to position 2C R 3pole or SC R 4pole The instrument is to be wired according to picture and notices given on the display A flashing of the sockets symbols OGO G or DDC points to an incorrect or incomplete connection of the measuring lead 2 Apply current transformer to the pylon stub Make sure that the trans formation ratio set on the instrument corresponds to the current trans former used Change settings if necessary se
47. re of Measurements Safety Control Measurements Before each measurement the instrument automatically checks the measuring conditions and while simultaneously displaying the kind of error prevents measurements from being started under the following conditions e excessive voltage on the sockets gt 24 V in RE and R gt 3 V in R e wrong or incomplete connection e Problems during the measuring sequence display E1 E5 see display description in the section Procedure of Measurements e Battery voltage too low display LO BAT Measurement of Interference Voltages and Frequen cies This measuring function detects possible interference voltages and their fre quencies This function is automatically active in every switch position before an earthing or resistance measurement If the pre set limit values are exceeded the interference voltage is indicated as too high and a measurement automati cally prevented The frequency of an interference voltage is only measurable if the level of this intereference voltage is higher than 1 V See Figure 7 Bring central rotary switch in desired position read out measured value of in terference voltage measured value of interference frequency is displayed with DISPLAY 31 1625 Users Manual Auxiliary earth Earth electrode P electrode edw010 eps Figure 7 Measurement of Interference Voltages and Frequencies Measurement of Earthing Resistances This ins
48. ries Earth Ground Tester Models and Accessories Table 1 Models and Accessories Description Item Part Number Earth Ground Tester Basic Fluke 1625 Includes manual 2 leads and 2 clips Earth Ground Tester Fully Loaded Fluke 1625 Kit Includes manual 2 leads and 2 clips ES162P4 El 1623 Service Replacement Kit Fluke 162x 7001 Includes 2 Leads 2 Clips Stake Set for 3 Pole Measurement ES 162P3 Includes three stakes one 25 m cable reel one 50 m cable reel Stake set for 4 Pole Measurement ES 162P4 Includes four stakes two 25 m cable reels one 50 m cable reel Selective Stakeless Clamp Set for El 1625 1625 Includes El 162X and El 162AC and 2 3 wire adapter cable Clip on Current Transformer sensing El 162X with shielded cable set Shielded Cable Used w El 162X 2539195 Clamp Clip on Current Transformer inducing EI 162AC 12 7 Inch 320mm Spilt Core Trans El 162BN former 2 3 Wire Adapter Cable for 1625 for El 2577171 162AC Current Transformer Earth Stake 2539121 Cable Reel w 25m Wire 2539100 Cable Reel w 50m Wire 2539117 1625 Users Manual 2560348 1625 Users Manual Safety Instructions A Warning This measuring equipment is only to be operated by quali fied staff and in accord with its technical data in compli ance with the safety precautions and instructions set forth below In addition use of this equipment requires compli ance with the legal an
49. rs to be lower than it actually is low resistance Probe S 4 with Us on the other hand picks up a value too high which indicates a worse high resistance earthing conditions Only probe S picks up the correct voltage between earth electrode and soil potential Fr For that reason it is advisable to repeat each measurement with repositioned probes and only to regard a measurement as successful and accurate if several subsequent measurements result in the same values Normally a distance of 20 m to the earth electrode and to the probes to each other is sufficient 80 Earthing Resistance Principle of Operation Earth Impedance R on High Voltage Transmission Lines The earthings of transmission line pylons are interconnected via the overhead earth wire This wire is not only ohmic There is also inductivity and resistivity L R For calculation of the short circuit current this impedance at line frequency has to be determined Inductivity and resistivity are known in most cases Therefore the actual im pedance can be calculated for each point of the line by a complex computation considering individual pylon resistance This computation has to be done for each single pylon The earth impedance can be measured with this instrument The inductive portion of the impedance of the overhead wire is frequency de pendent Accordingly the measuring frequency applied by the tester has to be close to the mains frequency in
50. sed over the full Working temperature range by using the temperature co efficient to calculate accuracy at the ambient temperature of use Temperature coefficient 0 1 of range Kelvin Operating errors refer to operating temperature range and RH lt 20 RE RS lt 100 RE The maximum percentage operating error within the measurement range does not exceed 30 with the measured value as fiducial value as determined in accordance with TABLE 1 The operating error applies under the rated operating conditions given in IEC1557 1 and the following e injection of series interference voltages with system frequencies of 400 Hz 60 Hz 50 Hz 16 Hz or with d c voltage respectively across the terminals E ES and S The r m s value of the series inter ference voltage shall be 3 V e resistance of the auxiliary earth electrode and of the probes 0 to 100 x Ra but lt 50 kQ e system voltages between 85 and 110 of the nominal voltage and between 99 and 101 of the nominal system frequency for meas uring equipment with a mains supply and or measuring equipment de riving its output voltage directly from the distribution system Limits of error refer to nominal temperature range Climate class C1 IEC 654 1 5 C 45 C 5 95 RH Type of protection IP 56 for case IP 40 for battery door according to EN 60529 11 1625 Users Manual Max voltage EMC Emission Im munity Quality standard
51. stance Ry Voltage Ug drops on earthing resistance Rg Ug proportional to Rg This volt age is picked up and measured by probe S With the so called three wire cir cuit the instrument sockets E and ES are connected to each other In a four wire circuit an separate cable is used to connect socket ES with the earth elec trode With that the voltage drop of the cable between socket E and earth electrode is not measured As the voltage measuring circuit has such a high impedance the influence by the probe resistance Rs is neglectable within certain limits Thus the earthing resistance evolves U Meas Rya Ma and is independent from the resistance of the auxiliary earth electrode Ry The generator runs at a frequency between 70 and 140 Hz It has to hold a minimum distance of 5 Hz to one of the nominal frequencies between 16 2 3 50 or 60 Hz and their harmonic waves A frequency selective filter adjusted to the generator frequency is inserted 78 Earthing Resistance Principle of Operation The Potential Gradient Area Around every earth electrode a so called potential gradient area develops dur ing the flow of an electric current see picture below edw058 eps If the voltage between the earth electrode and a probe with a distance a from the earth electrode is measured the value increases less with increasing dis tance Once the voltage does not increase the probe is levelled to earth poten tial Fg that is o
52. suring lead Potential pick off with 4 pole earthing measurement Connecting socket earth electrode 4 mm also usable with safety measuring lead A Attention Do not open or close the instrument with force Battery compartment for 6 x IEC LR6 batteries or type AA batteries A Warning Disconnect all leads before opening the instrument Screws to fasten the battery compartment Earth Ground Tester Description of the Operating Elements Description of Display Elements The display Figure 5 is divided into four display elements 1 Digital display of measured value 2 Measuring function field to display measuring function 3 Unit field V Q kQ Hz 4 Special characters for operator guidance Q REA AD Au ei LILI L CjnEmn REMOTE TEST LO BAT e gt LIMIT OSG OO Figure 5 Display Elements edw008 eps Description of display symbols UsT Interference voltage AC DC Fst Frequency of interference voltage FM Frequency of measuring voltage UM Measuring voltage limit 20 48 V Rg Earthing resistance Ry Auxiliary earth electrode resistance Rs Probe resistance Rk Compensation resistance R R2 Low voltage measurement with polarity indication 23 1625 Users Manual R R AFC TEST LIMIT gt LIMIT 6000 gt c LO BAT REMOTE AC resistance Earthing impedance measuring frequency 55 Hz Automatic frequency control Measuring sequence in process Limit valu
53. tance Rx can be switched on in functions Rg 3pole Rg 4pole 2C R and R 2pole Formation of measured value R display R measured T R compensated Value of setpoint entry Rx 0 000Q vari able from 0 000 29 99 Q by means of measuring adjustment 20 Earth Ground Tester Description of the Operating Elements Description of the Operating Elements Figure 4 illustrates the operating elements described below 8 AB ABs 12MKH FmH we Tart OOO RLWKE 1625 EARTH GROUND TY AER rear side edw006 eps Figure 4 Operating Elements Q Central rotary switch to select measuring function or switch ON OFF 2 START TEST button to start the set measuring function DISPLAY MENU button to call corresponding supplementary values 21 1625 Users Manual 22 CHANGE ITEM button to change the set point entry values SELECT button to select the digit to be changed Display unit liquid crystal digits 18 mm high with automatic decimal point as well as active illumination Connecting socket auxiliary earth electrode 4 mm also usable with safety measuring lead Connecting socket probe 4 mm also usable with safety measuring lead Connecting socket for an ext clip on current transformer optional A Warning No voltage permissable to sockets OG OG Connecting socket earthing probe 4 mm g also usable with safety mea
54. tance is implemented and fin ished with the display of the result Re 1 Read out measured value Rg 2 Call Rs and Ry with DISPLAY MENU Remarks for the Setting of Earth Spikes Before setting the earth spikes for probe and auxiliary earth electrode make sure that the probe is set outside the potential gradient of earth electrode and auxiliary earth electrode see also 12 5 Such a condition is normally reached by allowing a distance of gt 20 m between the earth electrode and the earth spikes as well as to the earth spikes to each other An accuracy test of the re sults is made by another measurement following repositioning of the auxiliary earth electrode or probe If the value stays the same the distance is sufficient If the measured value changes probe or auxiliary earth electrode must be repo sitioned until the measured value RE stays constant Spikes wires should not run too close 3 pole Measurement with Longer Earth Electrode Connect ing Leads 1 Use one of the accessory cable drums as earth electrode connecting lead 2 Spool off cable completely and compensate line resistance as de scribed in Compensation of Earth Electrode Connecting Lead Time Average Measurement If there is a warning measured value unstable see Description of Displays Procedure of Measurements after a test sequence most likely it is caused by strong interference signals e g unsteady noise voltage Nevertheless to get
55. ted resistance value Rg the soil resistivity calculates according to the equation Pr 27 a R PE eee mean value of soil resistivity Qm Re oe measured resistance Q A hss probe distance m The measuring method according to Wenner determines the soil resistivity down to a depth of approx the distance a between two earth spikes By in creasing a deeper strata can be measured and checked for homogenity By changing a several times a profile can be measured from which a suitable earth electrode can be determined According to the depth to be measured a is selected between 2 m and 30 m This procedure results in curves depicted in the graph below 46 Earth Ground Tester Procedure of Measurements Ww P 2 D o 2 D ep Distances of Probe edw021 eps Curve 1 As pE decreases only deeper down a deep earth electrode is advis able Curve 2 As pE decreases only down to point A an increase in the depth deeper than A does not improve the values Curve 3 With increasing depth pE is not decreasing a strip conductor elec trode is advisable As measuring results are often distorted and corrupted by underground pieces of metal underground aquifers etc a second measurement in which the spike axis is turned by an angle of 90 is always advisable see picture 47 1625 Users Manual edw022 eps Measurement of Resistances Resistance Measurement R This measuring function determines t
56. ted with CODE 29 1625 Users Manual Measuring Loop This loop is entered by pressing the START TEST button After releasing START TEST the last measured value stays on the display By repeated pressing of the DISPLAY MENU button all supplementary values can be called If a measured value exceeds or falls below the pre set limit the limit can be displayed as well with DISPLAY MENU In that case the measured value is diplayed with a flashing LIMIT whereas the limit value is displayed with a steady LIMIT symbol Inside the measuring loop parameters cannot be changed Further possibilities of button operation Warning sound e cancel with DISPLAY MENU with display switchover or with CHANGE ITEM or SELECT button without display switchover Checking of Correct Measuring Connection Socket Alloca tion The instrument implements an automatic check corresponding to the meas urement selected to see if the correct input sockets are used The display symbols OG G and SC are assigned to a specific socket as shown in Figure 4 From the way the symbols are displayed the validity of the connected wiring can be concluded by the following features e socket incorrectly wired or by mistake not wired corresponding symbol flashes e socket correctly wired corresponding symbol is steady active e socket with no connection corresponding symbol is blank 30 Earth Ground Tester Procedu
57. trument is equipped with a 3 pole as well as a 4 pole resistance meas urement which renders measurements of resistances of earthing systems possi ble as well as measurements of the soil resistivity of geological strata A spe cific description of the different applications is given further on in this manual As a special function the instrument offers measurements with an external current transformer with which a measurement of single resistance branches in interlinked networks lightning protection and high voltage pylons with ca bling can be performed without seperating parts of the system To ensure most feasible interference suppression during measurements the instrument is equipped with 4 measuring frequencies 94 Hz 105 Hz 111 Hz 128 Hz with automatic switch over if necessary AFC Automatic Frequency Control The corresponding measuring frequency used for a spe cific measurement can be called and displayed with DISPLAY MENU after the measurement Additionally one of the four measuring frequencies can be selected and permanently set in special cases In that case in order to stabilize the display an average measurement can be carried out for up to 1 minute by keeping the START TEST button pressed To determine the earthing impedance R a measurement with a frequency close to the mains frequency 55 Hz is carried out At the activation of R through user s code this measuring frequency is activated automatically 3
58. unchanged After values of Rg of all pylon foots are determined the actual earth resistance Rg has to be calculated Note If the displayed R value is negative despite correct orientation of the current transformer a part of the measuring current is flowing up wards into the tower body The earthing resistance thus coming into effect correctly calculates if the individual equivalent resistances under observation of their polarity are inserted into the equation above 41 1625 Users Manual Time average measurement If there is a warning measured value unstable see Description of displays Procedure of Measurement after a test sequence most likely it is caused by strong interference signals e g unsteady noise voltage Nevertheless to get reliable values the instrument offers the possibility of averanging over a longer period 1 Select a fixed frequency see Control loop Operation 2 Keep the START TEST button pressed until the warning measured value unstable disappears Max averaging time is approx 1 min Measuring Earthing Impedance with 55 Hz R For the calculation of short circuit currents in power supply plants the com plex earthing impedance is important Direct measurement is possible under the following conditions Phase angle at 50 Hz 30 60 inductive auxiliary earth electrode ohmic gt 100 Zg Measuring process The measurement of the earthing impedance R
59. user code and all changes of the limit values are erased The original default values are restored into memory 6 Now anew CODE number may be programmed and used for setting new parameters Description of Displays Earth Ground Tester Description of Displays Table 3 Description of Displays Before Stand by Turn rotary START position to switch or reduce push power button All consump measured tion values edw027 eps remain stored No or Apart from incorrect voltage measuring measure lead ment all connection measuring edw028 eps functions are locked Battery Replace voltage too batteries low LO BAT edw029 eps Beeper on Acoustical warning if limit is exceeded D edw030 eps Legend A displayed flashing 55 1625 Users Manual Function Displays Condition Note Dangerous Apart from ST T ml V AC vol voltage L i 1 tage gt 50 measure V ment all gt umr measuring edw031 eps functions are locked Rotary Select cor switch in rect posi pelore m inter tion i START mediate A position edw033 eps After Probe re Wait for START sistance is test result being tested edw034 eps Aux cur Wait for rent spike test result resistance is being tested edw035 eps Earth re Wait for sistance is test result being tested edw036 eps Legend A displayed flashing 56 Earth Ground Tester Description
60. ut measured value Rg 4 Call Rs and Ry with DISPLAY MENU Remarks for the setting of earth spikes Before setting the earth spikes for probe and auxiliary earth electrode make sure that the probe is set outside the potential gradient area of earth electrode and auxiliary earth electrode also see The Influence of Potential Gradient areas on Earth Resistance Measurement Such a condition is normally reached by allowing a distance of gt 20 m between the earth electrode and the earth spikes as well as of the earth spikes to each other 34 Earth Ground Tester Procedure of Measurements An accuracy test of the results is made with another measurement following repositioning of the auxiliary earth electrode or probe If the value stays the same the distance is sufficient If the measured value changes probe or auxil iary earth electrode must be repositioned until the measured value R stays constant Spike wires should not run too close to each other 3 pole measurement with longer earth electrode connecting leads Use one of the accessory cable drums as earth electrode connecting lead Spool off cable completely and compensate line resistance as described in Compen sation of Earth Electrode Connecting Lead Time average measurement If there is a warning measured value unstable see Procedures of Measure ment Description of display after a test sequence most likely it is caused by strong interference s
61. utside the potential gradient area It is the soil resistivity that mainly affects the diameter of the potential gradient area This means the diameters in soils with a bad conductivity are correspond ingly wide 30 60 m soils with a good conductivity correspondingly nar row 10 15 m Determining the probe and auxiliary earth electrode resistance provides in formation about the size of a possible potential gradient area High resistances lead to correspondingly large gradient areas and vice versa In this context it has to be taken into account that soils with a good conductivity and corre spondingly small potential gradient areas result in a relatively steep voltage shape and therefore in a relatively high step voltage If necessary such systems have to undergo a potential check 79 1625 Users Manual The Influence of Potential Gradient Areas on Earth Resis tance Measurement To pick off the true voltage drop from the earthing resistance the resistance between the earth electrode and the soil potential F it is to be assured that the probe is set outside the potential gradient area of all connected earth electrodes and the auxiliary earth electrode H edw059 eps A probe positioned inside a potential gradient area leads to incorrect measuring results As it can be seen in the picture above probe voltages Us and Ug of probes S and S deliver a value too low which also means that the earthing resistance appea
62. xternal clip on current transformer for selective measure ment of single earthing branches in mesh operated earthing systems 2C e Resistance measurement 2pole with AC voltage R e Resistance measurement with DC voltage 2pole 4pole R With its various possibilities of measurement and the fully automated measur ing sequence control incl automatic frequency control AFC this instrument offers the latest measuring technology in the field of earthing resistance meas urements By means of the selectable limit input with visual and accoustical confirmation error message and with the code programmable and customer defined special functions e g measuring voltage 20 V for agricultural sys tems earthing impedance R measuring frequency 55 Hz switched on or off etc these instruments are individually programmable for use as a simple meter as well as a high end fully automated measuring device Additional Accessories An external current transformer with a transformation ratio between 80 and 1200 1 for the measurement of a single branch in mesh operated earthing sys tems is available as an option and enables the user to measure on high voltage pylons without seperating the overhead earth wires or earth strips at the bottom of the pylons and also to measure lightning protection systems without seperat ing the individual lightning protection wires Earth Ground Tester Assembly Assembly The instrument is made up of two parts 1 T

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