Federal Aviation Administration FAA-G-8082-5 User's Manual
Contents
1. 2 Be able to read speak write and understand the English language If you are unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons then the Administrator may place such operating limitations on your pilot certificate as necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft 3 Receive a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who a Conducted the required ground training or reviewed the person s home study on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in 14 CFR part 61 section 61 125 b that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought and b Certified that the person is prepared for the required knowledge test that applies to the aircraft category and class rating sought 4 Pass the required knowledge test on the aeronautical knowledge areas listed in 14 CFR part 61 section 61 125 b 5 Receive the required training and a logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor who a Conducted the training on the areas of operation listed in 14 CFR part 61 section 61 127 b of this part that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought and b Certified that the person is prepared for the required practical test 6 Meet the aeronautical experience requirements of Subpart F that apply to the aircraft category and class rating sought before applying for the practical test 7 Hold at least a valid third class medical certificate issued under 14 CFR part 67 No medical certificate i2. If you have solved it correctly your answer will be closer to the correct answer than any of the other choices Upon completion of the knowledge test you will receive your Airman Test Report with the testing center s embossed seal which reflects your score The Airman Test Report lists the subject matter knowledge codes for questions answered incorrectly The total number of subject matter knowledge codes shown on the Airman Test Report is not necessarily an indication of the total number of questions answered incorrectly Appendix 1 contains a list of subject matter knowledge codes that refer to the knowledge areas Study these knowledge areas to improve your understanding of the subject matter Your instructor is required to provide instruction on each of the knowledge areas listed on your Airman Test Report and to complete an endorsement of this instruction You must present the Airman Test Report to the examiner prior to taking the practical test During the oral portion of the practical test the examiner is required to evaluate the noted areas of deficiency Should you require a duplicate Airman Test Report due to loss or destruction of the original send a signed request accompanied by a check or money order for 1 payable to the FAA Your request should be sent to the Federal Aviation Administration Airmen Certification Branch AFS 760 P O Box 25082 Oklahoma City OK 73125 USE OF TEST AIDS AND MATERIALS Airman kno
3. P06 Car PO7 Powerplant POS Airship Ground Handling P11 Operating Instructions P12 History P13 Training NOTE AC 00 2 Advisory Circular Checklist transmits the status of all FAA advisory circulars AC s as well as FAA internal publications and miscellaneous flight information such as Aeronautical Information Manual Airport Facility Directory knowledge test guides practical test standards and other material directly related to a certificate or rating AC 00 2 is accessible through the Internet at http www faa gov abc ac chklst actoc htm or you may obtain a free copy from U S Department of Transportation Subsequent Distribution Office SVC 121 23 Ardmore East Business Center 3341 Q 75 Ave Landover MD 20785 Appendix 1 COMPUTER TESTING DESIGNEES The following is a list of the computer testing designees authorized to give FAA airman knowledge tests This list should be helpful in case you choose to register for a test or simply want more information Computer Assisted Testing Service CATS 1849 Old Bayshore Highway Burlingame CA 94010 Applicant inquiry and test registration 1 800 947 4228 From outside the U S 650 259 8550 Sylvan Prometric 1000 Lancaster Street Baltimore MD 21202 Applicant inquiry and test registration 1 800 274 1900 1 800 967 1100 or 1 800 359 3278 From outside the U S registrants should contact the appropriate Regional Service Center RSC London England RSC 44 181 607
4. 9090 Paris France RSC 33 1 4289 3122 Dusseldorf Germany RSC 49 2159 9233 50 Tokyo Japan RSC 813 3269 9620 Latin America RSC 612 820 5200 LaserGrade Computer Testing 16209 S E McGillivray Suite L Vancouver WA 98683 Applicant inquiry and test registration 1 800 211 2753 or 1 800 211 2754 From outside the U S 360 896 9111
5. NM apart These aids are depicted on En Route Low Altitude Charts d Operation off established airways between 14 500 feet MSL and 17 999 feet MSL in the conterminous U S facilities not more than 200 NM SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS MILITARY COMPETENCE AIRPLANE 1 If the operational category of an airplane is listed as utility it would mean that this airplane could be operated in which of the following maneuvers A Limited acrobatics excluding spins B Limited acrobatics including spins if approved C Any maneuver except acrobatics or spins Answer B Subject Matter Code A150 14 CFR part 23 section 23 3 states Sec 23 3 Airplane categories 3 Lazy eights chandelles and steep turns in which the angle of bank is not more than 60 degrees b The utility category is limited to airplanes that have a seating configuration excluding pilot seats of nine or less a maximum certificated takeoff weight of 12 500 pounds or less and intended for limited acrobatic operation Airplanes certificated in the utility category may be used in any of the operations covered under paragraph a of this section and in limited acrobatic operations Limited acrobatic operation includes 1 Spins if approved for the particular type of airplane and 2 Lazy eights chandelles and steep turns or similar maneuvers in which the angle of bank is more than 60 degrees but not more than 90 degrees 2 To
6. acted as the sole manipulator of the flight controls and ii The required takeoffs and landings were performed in an aircraft of the same category class and type if a type rating is required and if the aircraft to be flown is an airplane with a tailwheel the takeoffs and landings must have been made to a full stop in an airplane with a tailwheel 2 For the purpose of meeting the requirements of paragraph a 1 of this section a person may act as a pilot in command of an aircraft under day VFR or day IFR provided no persons or property are carried on board the aircraft other than those necessary for the conduct of the flight 2 For gyroplanes with constant speed propellers the first indication of carburetor icing is usually A a decrease in engine RPM B a decrease in manifold pressure C engine roughness followed by a decrease in engine RPM Answer B Subject Matter Knowledge Code H307 AC 61 23C Pilot s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 2 Airplanes and Engines page 2 11 Indications of Carburetor Icing For airplanes with fixed pitch propellers the first indication of carburetor icing is loss of RPM For airplanes with controllable pitch constant speed propellers the first indication is usually a drop in manifold pressure In both cases a roughness in engine operation may develop later There will be no reduction in RPM in airplanes with constant speed propellers since propeller
7. an a Ne OLN a a SL Ea a Oa oe 10 Balloon Gas iii bik AAA AAAA AAAA AAAA AAAA ARAA AAAA AAAA AN UE AAAA btt el el 11 Lighter Phan Air A 1rship leido 12 Military Competence Atrplane a a En St 13 Military Competence Helicopter 0 0 eeesccccessseceeeessneeecessneeeeeessaeeecesseeecessaeeceessaeeecessaeeeseesaeessesaeeeeees 14 APPENDIX 1 List of Reference Materials and Subject Matter Knowledge Codes cccoooocccnonocccccnononcnonononanonnnnnanccnnnnanccnnnnnss 1 1 Computer Testing Designee 20 0 0 eesceceessececeessececeessseeccessaeeeceesaeecsessaeeecessaeessessaeecsessaeeesessaeeesessaeeseesaas 1 5 COMMERCIAL PILOT KNOWLEDGE TEST GUIDE INTRODUCTION What is required to become a skilled and competent commercial pilot Although some individuals possess more knowledge and skills than others no one is a natural born pilot Competent commercial pilots become so through study training and experience This knowledge test guide will answer most of your questions about taking a commercial pilot knowledge test It will cover the following areas knowledge test eligibility requirements knowledge areas on the tests descriptions of the tests process for taking a knowledge test use of test aids and materials cheating or other unauthorized conduct validity of Airman Test Reports retesting procedures and practical test eligibility requirements This guide will help in preparing you to take one or all of the following knowledge t
8. hovering 2 The purpose of lead lag drag hinges in a three bladed fully articulated helicopter rotor system is to compensate for A Coriolis effect B dissymmetry of lift C blade flapping tendency Answer A Subject Matter Knowledge Code H71 AC 61 13B Basic Helicopter Handbook Chapter 5 Other Helicopter Components And Their Functions page 32 The purpose of the drag hinge and dampers is to absorb the acceleration and deceleration of the rotor blades caused by Coriolis effect SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GYROPLANE 1 To act as pilot in command of a gyroplane carrying passengers what must the pilot accomplish in that gyroplane to meet recent daytime flight experience requirements A Make nine takeoffs and nine landings within the preceding 30 days B Make three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop within the preceding 90 days C Make three takeoffs and three landings within the preceding 90 days Answer C Subject Matter Knowledge Code A20 14 CFR part 61 section 61 57 states Sec 61 57 Recent flight experience Pilot in command a General experience 1 Except as provided in paragraph e of this section no person may act as pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers or of an aircraft certificated for more than one pilot flight crewmember unless that person has made at least three takeoffs and three landings within the preceding 90 days and i The person
9. rating under 14 CFR part 61 VALIDITY OF AIRMAN TEST REPORTS Airman Test Reports are valid within the 24 calendar month period preceding the month you complete the practical test If the Airman Test Report expires before completion of the practical test you must retake the knowledge test RETESTING PROCEDURES If you receive a grade lower than a 70 percent and wish to retest you must present the following e failed Airman Test Report and e a written endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that additional instruction has been given and the instructor finds you competent to pass the test If you decide to retake the test in anticipation of a better score you may retake the test after 30 days from the date your last test was taken The FAA will not allow you to retake a passed test before the 30 day period has lapsed Prior to retesting you must give your current Airman Test Report to the test administrator The last test taken will reflect the official score PRACTICAL TEST REQUIREMENTS ELIGIBILITY There are prerequisites for a commercial pilot certificate that require you to have a combination of experience knowledge and skill For specific information pertaining to certification you should carefully review the appropriate sections of Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations 14 CFR part 61 Additionally to be eligible for a commercial pilot certificate you must 1 Be at least 18 years of age
10. s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 1 Loads and Load Factors page 1 18 A load factor is the ratio of the total airload acting on the airplane to the gross weight of the airplane For example a load factor of 3 means that the total load on an airplane s structure is three times its gross weight Load factors are usually expressed in terms of G that is a load factor of 3 may be spoken of as 3 G s and load factor of 4 as 4 Gs etc The stalling speed increases in proportion to the square root of the load factor To further explain the load factor produced in a 75 banked turn is 4 Applying the rule the square root of 4 is 2 This means that an airplane with a normal unaccelerated stalling speed of 50 knots can be Stalled at twice that speed or 100 knots by inducing a load factor of 4 SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS HELICOPTER 1 When hovering a helicopter tends to move in the direction of tail rotor thrust This statement is A true the movement is called transverse tendency B true the movement is called translating tendency C false the movement is opposite the direction of tail rotor thrust and is called translating tendency Answer B Subject Matter Knowledge Code H71 AC 61 13B Basic Helicopter Handbook Chapter 2 Aerodynamics of Flight page 15 Translating tendency or drift The entire helicopter has a tendency to move in the direction of tail rotor thrust to the right when
11. FAA G 8082 5 COMMERCIAL PILOT KNOWLEDGE TEST GUIDE Q U S Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration COMMERCIAL PILOT KNOWLEDGE TEST GUIDE 1999 U S DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION Flight Standards Service PREFACE FAA G 8082 5 Commercial Pilot Knowledge Test Guide provides information for obtaining authorization to take the commercial pilot knowledge tests Appendix 1 provides lists of reference materials and subject matter knowledge codes and a list of computer testing designees CTD s Changes to the subject matter knowledge codes will be published in AC 60 25 Reference Materials and Subject Matter Knowledge Codes for Airman Knowledge Testing The current Flight Standards Service airman training and testing material questions banks and subject matter knowledge codes for all airman certificates and ratings can be obtained from the Regulatory Support Division AFS 600 home page on the Internet The Regulatory Support Division s Internet address is http www mmac jccbi gov afs afs600 FAA G 8082 5 supersedes Advisory Circular AC 61 114 dated 1995 and can be purchased from the Superintendent of Documents U S Government Printing Office GPO Washington DC 20402 9325 or from U S Government Bookstores located in major cities throughout the United States For an explanation of why the Commercial Pilot Knowledge Test Guide was taken out of the AC syste
12. act as pilot in command of an airplane that is equipped with a retractable landing gear flaps and controllable pitch propeller a person is required to A hold a multiengine airplane class rating B make at least six takeoffs and landings in such an airplane within the preceding 6 months C receive flight instruction in such an airplane and obtain a logbook endorsement of competency 13 Answer C Subject Matter Knowledge Code A20 14 CFR part 61 section 61 31 states Sec 61 31 Type rating requirements additional training and authorization requirements e Additional training required for operating complex airplanes 1 Except as provided in paragraph e 2 of this section no person may act as pilot in command of a complex airplane an airplane that has a retractable landing gear flaps and a controllable pitch propeller or in the case of a seaplane flaps and a controllable pitch propeller unless the person has i Received and logged ground and flight training from an authorized instructor in a complex airplane or in a flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of a complex airplane and has been found proficient in the operation and systems of the airplane and ii Received a one time endorsement in the pilot s logbook from an authorized instructor who certifies the person is proficient to operate a complex airplane 2 The training and endorsement required by paragrap
13. ating weight of the glider and not more than twice this operating weight However the towline used may have a breaking strength more than twice the maximum certificated operating weight of the glider if i A safety link is installed at the point of attachment of the towline to the glider with a breaking strength not less than 80 percent of the maximum certificated operating weight of the glider and not greater than twice this operating weight ii A safety link is installed at the point of attachment of the towline to the towing aircraft with a breaking strength greater but not more than 25 percent greater than that of the safety link at the towed glider end of the towline and not greater than twice the maximum certificated operating weight of the glider Based on the last sentence in paragraph 3 twice the breaking strength of 940 pounds is 1 880 pounds Any rope with a tensile strength of more than 1 880 pounds requires safety links as stated in i and ii of this section SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BALLOON HOT AIR 1 Propane is preferred over butane for fuel in hot air balloons because A it has a higher boiling point B uit has a lower boiling point C butane is very explosive under pressure Answer B Subject Matter Knowledge Code O171 Balloon Digest Balloon Federation of America Chapter 7 Chemical and Physical Properties page 36 Propane has a sustained boiling point of 44 F wh
14. es apart Answer C Subject Matter Knowledge Code J15 AIM Chapter 5 Air Traffic Control Procedures Section 1 Preflight paragraph 5 1 7 FLIGHT PLAN IFR FLIGHTS DIRECT FLIGHTS 12 The azimuth feature of VOR aids and the azimuth and distance DME features of VORTAC and TACAN aids are assigned certain frequency protected areas of airspace which are intended for application to established airway and route use and to provide guidance for planning flights outside of established airways or routes These areas of airspace are expressed in terms of cylindrical service volumes of specified dimensions called class limits or categories Reference NAVAID Service Volumes paragraph 1 8 An operational service volume has been established for each class in which adequate signal coverage and frequency protection can be assured To facilitate use of VOR VORTAC or TACAN aids consistent with their operational service volume limits pilot use of such aids for defining a direct route of flight in controlled airspace should not exceed the following a Operations above FL 450 Use aids not more than 200 NM apart These aids are depicted in En Route High Altitude Charts b Operation off established routes from 18 000 feet MSL to FL 450 Use aids not more than 260 NM apart These aids are depicted on En Route High Altitude Charts c Operation off established airways below 18 000 feet MSL Use aids not more than 80
15. ests gt Commercial Pilot Airplane gt Commercial Pilot Rotorcraft Helicopter gt Commercial Pilot Rotorcraft Gyroplane Commercial Pilot Glider Commercial Pilot Balloon Hot Air Commercial Pilot Balloon Gas gt Commercial Pilot Lighter Than Air Airship gt Military Competency Airplane gt Military Competency Helicopter This guide is not offered as an easy way to obtain the necessary information for passing the knowledge tests Rather the intent of this guide is to define and narrow the field of study to the required knowledge areas included in the tests Rote memorization of test questions may render good test scores but a correlative understanding of the subject matter may be lacking This correlative understanding of the entire aviation environment is what produces a safe and effective pilot KNOWLEDGE TEST ELIGIBILITY REQUIREMENTS To be eligible to take the knowledge test you must have 1 Received an endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that you have accomplished a ground training or a home study course required by this part for the certificate or rating sought and you are prepared for the knowledge test and 2 Proper identification at the time of application that contains your a Photograph b Signature c Date of birth which shows you meet or will meet the age requirements of this part for the certificate sought before the expiration date of the Ai
16. ft e Night and high altitude operations e Procedures for operating within the National Airspace System e Procedures for flight and ground training for lighter than air ratings DESCRIPTIONS OF THE TESTS All test questions are the objective multiple choice type Each question can be answered by the selection of a single response Each test question is independent of other questions therefore a correct response to one does not depend upon or influence the correct response to another The minimum passing score is 70 percent Communication between individuals through the use of words is a complicated process In addition to being an exercise in the application and use of aeronautical knowledge a commercial pilot knowledge test is also an exercise in communication since it involves the use of written language Since the tests involve written rather than spoken words communication between the test writer and the person being tested may become a difficult matter if care is not exercised by both parties Consequently considerable effort is expended to write each question in a clear precise manner Make sure you carefully read the instructions given with each test as well as the statements in each test item The following tests each contain 100 questions and you are allowed 3 hours to complete each test Commercial Pilot Airplane Commercial Pilot Rotorcraft Helicopter Commercial Pilot Rotorcraft Gyroplane Commercia
17. g Practices L61 AC 91 50 Importance of Transponder Operation and Altitude Reporting L62 AC 91 51 Airplane Deice and Anti Ice Systems L70 AC 91 67 Aircraft Ground Deicing L80 AC 103 4 Hazard Associated with Sublimation of Solid Carbon Dioxide Dry Ice Aboard aircraft L90 AC 105 2 Sport Parachute Jumping M01 AC 120 12 Private Carriage Versus Common Carriage of Persons or Property M02 AC 120 27 Aircraft Weight and Balance Control M08 AC 120 58 Pilot Guide Large Aircraft Ground Deicing M13 AC 121 195 1 Operational Landing Distances for Wet Runways Transport Category Airplanes M51 AC 20 117 Hazards Following Ground Deicing and Ground Operations in Conditions Conducive to Aircraft Icing M52 AC 00 2 Advisory Circular Checklist Soaring Flight Manual Jeppesen Sanderson Inc N20 Sailplane Aerodynamics N21 Performance Considerations N22 Flight Instruments N23 Weather for Soaring N24 Medical Factors N25 Flight Publications and Airspace N26 Aeronautical Charts and Navigation N27 Computations for Soaring N28 Personal Equipment N29 Preflight and Ground Operations N30 Aerotow Launch Procedures N31 Ground Launch Procedures N32 Basic Flight Maneuvers and Traffic N33 Soaring Techniques N34 Cross Country Soaring Powerline Excerpts Balloon Federation of America 030 Excerpts Goodyear Airship Operations Manual PO1 Buoyancy P0O2 Aerodynamics PO3 Free Ballooning P04 Aerostatics POS Envelope
18. g devices if the applicant s device does not have a screen that indicates all memory has been erased The test proctor must be able to determine the calculating device s erasure capability The use of calculating devices incorporating permanent or continuous type memory circuits without erasure capability are prohibited d The use of magnetic cards magnetic tapes modules computer chips or any other device upon which prewritten programs or information related to the test can be stored and retrieved are prohibited Printouts of data will be surrendered at the completion of the test if the calculating device used incorporates this design feature e The use of any booklet or manual containing instructions related to the use of the applicant s calculating device is not permitted f Dictionaries are not allowed in the testing area g The test proctor makes the final determination relating to test materials and personal possessions that the applicant may take into the testing area 2 Guidelines for dyslexic applicant s use of test aids and materials A dyslexic applicant may request approval from the local Flight Standards District Office FSDO to take an airman knowledge test using one of the three options listed in preferential order a Option One Use current testing facilities and procedures whenever possible b Option Two Applicants may use Franklin Speaking Wordmaster to facilitate the testing process The Wo
19. h e 1 of this section is not required if the person has logged flight time as pilot in command of a complex airplane or in a flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of a complex airplane prior to August 4 1997 SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS MILITARY COMPETENCE HELICOPTER 1 While in flight a helicopter and an airplane are converging at a 90 angle and the helicopter is located to the right of the airplane Which aircraft has the right of way and why A The helicopter because it is to the right of the airplane B The helicopter because helicopters have the right of way over airplanes C The airplane because airplanes have the right of way over helicopters Answer A Subject Matter Knowledge Code BOS 14 CFR part 91 section 91 113 states Sec 91 113 Right of way rules Except water operations d Converging When aircraft of the same category are converging at approximately the same altitude except head on or nearly so the aircraft to the other s right has the right of way If the aircraft are of different categories 1 A balloon has the right of way over any other category of aircraft 2 A glider has the right of way over an airship airplane or rotorcraft and 3 An airship has the right of way over an airplane or rotorcraft Although fixed and rotor wing aircraft are a different category by definition for the purpose of section 91 113 i
20. ich give a driving force to push it through the burner if the tanks and their contained propane are kept at any temperature above 44 F Butane is occasionally used as a fuel in balloons when propane is unavailable It has a boiling temperature of only 32 F and therefore at the same temperature it doesn t have any where near as high a pressure development decreasing the amount of fuel that can be driven through the burner and decreasing the performance of the balloon 10 2 It may be possible to make changes in the direction of flight in a hot air balloon by A using the maneuvering vent B operating at different flight altitudes C flying a constant atmospheric pressure gradient Answer B Subject Matter Knowledge Code 0263 How to Fly a Balloon Balloon Publishing Company page 13 7 Balloon direction change usually comes with altitude change Balloon pilots ascend and descend looking for different winds SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BALLOON GAS 1 To perform a normal descent in a gas balloon it is necessary to release A air B gas C ballast Answer B Subject Matter Knowledge Code O150 Balloon Digest Chapter 2 Theory and Practice of Balloon Flight page 9 The gas balloon pilot can initiate a descent by releasing gas through a valve at the top of the envelope and can then recover from the descent or initiate an ascent by releasing ballast 11 2 What would cause a gas bal
21. ilots J52 J53 J55 J56 J57 J58 J59 J60 J61 J62 J63 J64 J65 J66 J67 J68 Hypoxia Hyperventilation The Ears Alcohol Drugs and Flying Carbon Monoxide Vision Night Flight Cockpit Lighting Disorientation Vertigo Motion Sickness Fatigue Noise Age Some Psychological Aspects of Flying The Flying Passenger ADDITIONAL ADVISORY CIRCULARS K01 K02 K03 K04 K11 K12 K13 K20 K40 AC 00 24 Thunderstorms AC 00 30 Rules of Thumb for Avoiding or Minimizing Encounters with Clear Air Turbulence AC 00 34 Aircraft Ground Handling and Servicing AC 00 54 Pilot Wind Shear Guide AC 20 34 Prevention of Retractable Landing Gear Failure AC 20 32 Carbon Monoxide CO Contamination in Aircraft Detection and Prevention AC 20 43 Aircraft Fuel Control AC 20 103 Aircraft Engine Crankshaft Failure AC 25 4 Inertial Navigation System INS Appendix 1 LOS AC 60 22 Aeronautical Decision Making L10 AC 61 67 Stall and Spin Awareness Training L15 AC 61 107 Operations of Aircraft at Altitudes Above 25 000 Feet MSL and or MACH numbers Mmo Greater Than 75 L34 AC 90 48 Pilots Role in Collision Avoidance L42 AC 90 87 Helicopter Dynamic Rollover L50 AC 91 6 Water Slush and Snow on the Runway L52 AC 91 13 Cold Weather Operation of Aircraft L53 AC 91 14 Altimeter Setting Sources L57 AC 91 43 Unreliable Airspeed Indications L59 AC 91 46 Gyroscopic Instruments Good Operatin
22. l Pilot Glider Commercial Pilot Balloon Hot Air Commercial Pilot Lighter Than Air Airship YY YY yy The following test contains 60 questions and you are allowed 2 5 hours to complete the test Commercial Pilot Balloon Gas The following tests each contain 50 questions and you are allowed 2 hours to complete each test Military Competency Airplane Military Competency Helicopter PROCESS FOR TAKING A KNOWLEDGE TEST The Federal Aviation Administration FAA has available hundreds of computer testing centers worldwide These testing centers offer the full range of airman knowledge tests including military competence instrument foreign pilot and pilot examiner screening tests Refer to appendix 1 of this guide for a list of computer testing designees CTD s The first step in taking a knowledge test is the registration process You may either call the central 1 800 numbers refer to appendix 1 for 1 800 numbers or simply use the walk in basis If you choose to use the 1 800 number to register you will need to select a testing center schedule a test date and make financial arrangements for test payment You may register for tests several weeks in advance and you may cancel your appointment according to the CTD s cancellation policy If you do not follow the CTD s cancellation policies you could be subject to a cancellation fee The next step in taking a knowledge test is providing proper iden
23. loon to start a descent if a cold air mass is encountered and the envelope becomes cooled A The expansion of the gas B tThe contraction of the gas C A barometric pressure differential Answer B Subject Matter Knowledge Code O150 Balloon Digest Chapter 2 Theory and Practice of Balloon Flight page 9 As a gas balloon rises it reaches an equilibrium altitude It maintains this altitude until some change occurs The most common change is in temperature either because of the natural cooling encountered with altitude a loss or gain of solar heating or an ascent or descent initiated by the pilot SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS LIGHTER THAN AIR AIRSHIP 1 The pressure height with any airship is that height at which A both ballonets are empty B both ballonets are inflated C zgas pressure is 3 inches of water Answer A Subject Matter Knowledge Code POl Goodyear Airship Operations Manual Chapter 4 page 4 42 The pressure height of a nonrigid or semirigid airship is the height at which the ballonets become completely emptied of air and the envelope completely filled with gas which is also determined by the percentage of gas fullness at the surface and atmospheric conditions 2 For airship IFR operations off established airways the ROUTE OF FLIGHT portion of an IFR flight plan should list VOR navigational aids which are no more than A 40 miles apart B 70 miles apart C 80 mil
24. m refer to AC 60 29 Renumbering of Airman Training and Testing Publications Comments regarding this guide should be sent to the Federal Aviation Administration Airman Testing Standards Branch AFS 630 Attn Commercial Pilot Certification Area Manager P O Box 25082 Oklahoma City OK 73125 CONTENTS A ch Pere ee Pe EE FE PR NSN eC eae ii A terto ete te e etete erete te ooon ete ee TBD eobet eetet otete te ebeter restent esv Tee Teeks v Introduction n enea a A A UU i A E EO E A ia ety 1 Knowledge Test Eligibility Requirements 20 0 0 ce cceesscecceesseeccessneeeceessaeeecessaeeeceesaeeeeessaeeesessaaeeeeessaeeesessaeeeeen 1 Knowledge Areas on the Pests errire orior strat aot O DO aeons 1 Descriptions of the AA NS n rR 2 Process for Taking a Knowledge Testori ii r ei a EEE EEEE EEEE 2 Oo a KEENAN Ta a 1a a BIAYA e LAS m Te T E ES A AA A A A T 4 Cheating or Other Unauthorized Conduct sssrinds ee i e e e e ie iii 4 Validity or Aimam Test Reports otam nnen aa a a e shot aa Sho eben thes a thes open thet ere E a a a 5 Retestine POEMA od 5 Practical Test Eligibility Requirements ai aa aaa a a a Eaa a aeaa nono nono nono a conan acer aE naar anne E Enei 5 Sample Test Questions and Answers Airplane miran on i oil blica 6 Helicopter tar A A AR ae serie A A A A EAE EA teas stl a tots apie att T y pavirs peed ise dr e esposte e onetiese steered edoeta teasee re sosie opecs eiaei 8 CE Ta E AATE E en do dd o dd dd dd N AE 9 Balloon SHOA An nnn
25. ments Maintenance and Inspections H312 The Pitot Static System and Associated Instruments H313 Gyroscopic Flight Instruments H314 Magnetic Compass H315 Weight Control H316 Balance Stability and Center of Gravity H317 Airplane Performance H318 Observations H319 Service Outlets H320 Weather Briefings H321 Nature of the Atmosphere H322 The Cause of Atmospheric Circulation Appendix 1 H323 H324 H325 H326 H327 H328 H329 H330 H331 H332 H333 H334 H335 H336 H337 H338 H339 H340 H341 H342 H343 H344 H345 H346 H347 H348 H349 H350 H351 Moisture and Temperature Air Masses and Fronts Aviation Weather Reports Forecasts and Weather Charts Types of Airports Sources for Airport Data Airport Markings and Signs Airport Lighting Wind Direction Indicators Radio Communications Air Traffic Services Wake Turbulence Collision Avoidance Controlled Airspace Uncontrolled Airspace Special Use Airspace Other Airspace Areas Aeronautical Charts Latitude and Longitude Effect of Wind Basic Calculations Pilotage Dead Reckoning Flight Planning Charting the Course Filing a VFR Flight Plan Radio Navigation Obtaining a Medical Certificate Health Factors Affecting Pilot Performance Environmental Factors which Affect Pilot Performance AC 91 23 Pilot s Weight and Balance Handbook H10 Weight and Balance Control H11 Terms and Definitions H12 Empty Weight Center of Gravity H13 Index and Gra
26. mitting pressure altitude information in 100 foot increments This requirement applies 1 All aircraft In Class A Class B and Class C airspace areas APPENDIX 1 Appendix 1 LIST OF REFERENCE MATERIALS AND SUBJECT MATTER KNOWLEDGE CODES The publications listed in the following pages contain study material you need to be familiar with when preparing for the commercial pilot knowledge tests All of these publications can be purchased through U S Government Bookstores commercial aviation supply houses or industry organizations The latest revision of the listed references should be requested Additional study material is also available through these sources that may be helpful in preparing for commercial pilot knowledge tests All publications listed would be excellent for a pilot to have in a personal reference library The subject matter knowledge codes refer to the specific reference for the knowledge standard When reviewing results of your knowledge test you should compare the subject matter knowledge code s on your Airman Test Report to the ones found below This will be helpful for both review and preparation for the practical test Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations 14 CFR part 1 Definitions and Abbreviations A01 A02 General Definitions Abbreviations and Symbols 14 CFR part 61 Certification Pilots Flight Instructors and Ground Instructors A20 General A21 Aircraft Ratings and Pilot Auth
27. nterpretation they are considered to have similar maneuverability in forward converging flight especially when compared to aircraft of the different categories in d 1 2 and 3 above 14 2 What transponder equipment is required for helicopter operations within Class B airspace A transponder A with 4096 code and Mode C capability B as required for helicopter operations when visibility is less than 1 mile C with 4096 code capability is required except when operating at or below 1 000 feet AGL under the terms of a letter of agreement Answer A Subject Matter Code B11 14 CFR part 91 section 91 215 states Sec 91 215 ATC transponder and altitude reporting equipment and use b All airspace Unless otherwise authorized or directed by ATC no person may operate an aircraft in the airspace described in paragraphs b 1 through b 5 of this section unless that aircraft is equipped with an operable coded radar beacon transponder having either Mode 3 A 4096 code capability replying to Mode 3 A interrogations with the code specified by ATC or a Mode S capability replying to Mode 3 A interrogations with the code specified by ATC and intermode and Mode S interrogations in accordance with the applicable provisions specified in TSO C 112 and that aircraft is equipped with automatic pressure altitude reporting equipment having a Mode C capability that automatically replies to Mode C interrogations by trans
28. orizations A22 Student Pilots A24 Commercial Pilots A26 Flight Instructors 14 CFR part 71 Designation of Class A Class B Class C Class D and Class E Airspace Areas Airways Routes and Reporting Points A60 General Class A Airspace A61 Class B Airspace A64 Class C Airspace 14 CFR part 91 General Operating and Flight Rules B07 General B08 Flight Rules General B09 Visual Flight Rules B10 Instrument Flight Rules B11 Equipment Instruments and Certificate Requirements B12 Special Flight Operations B13 Maintenance Preventive Maintenance and Alterations 14 CFR part 125 Certification and Operations Airplanes Having a Seating Capacity of 20 or More Passengers or a Maximum Payload Capacity of 6 000 Pounds or More D30 General 1 1 NTSB 830 Rules Pertaining to the Notification and Reporting of Aircraft Accidents or Incidents and Overdue Aircraft and Preservation of Aircraft Wreckage Mail Cargo and Records G10 G11 General Initial Notification of Aircraft Accidents Incidents and Overdue Aircraft AC 61 23 Pilot s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge H300 Forces Acting on the Airplane in Flight H301 Turning Tendency Torque Effect H302 Airplane Stability H303 Loads and Load Factors H304 Airplane Structure H305 Flight Control Systems H306 Electrical System H307 Engine Operation H308 Propeller H309 Starting the Engine H310 Exhaust Gas Temperature Gauge H311 Aircraft Docu
29. phic Limits H14 Change of Weight H15 Control of Loading General Aviation H16 Control of Loading Large Aircraft AC 60 14 Aviation Instructor s Handbook H20 H21 H22 H23 H24 H25 H26 H27 H30 The Learning Process Human Behavior Effective Communication The Teaching Process Teaching Methods The Instructor as a Critic Evaluation Instructional Aids Flight Instructor Characteristics and Responsibilities H31 H32 Techniques of Flight Instruction Planning Instructional Activity AC 61 21 Flight Training Handbook H50 Introduction to Flight Training H51 Introduction to Airplanes and Engines H52 Introduction to the Basics of Flight H53 The Effect and Use of Controls H54 Ground Operations H55 Basic Flight Maneuvers H56 Airport Traffic Patterns and Operations H57 Takeoffs and Departure Climbs H58 Landing Approaches and Landings H59 Faulty Approaches and Landings H60 Proficiency Flight Maneuvers H61 Cross Country Flying H62 Emergency Flight by Reference to Instruments H63 Night Flying H64 Seaplane Operations H65 Transition to Other Airplanes H66 Principles of Flight and Performance Characteristics AC 61 13 Basic Helicopter Handbook H70 General Aerodynamics H71 Aerodynamics of Flight H72 Loads and Load Factors H73 Function of the Controls H74 Other Helicopter Components and Their Functions H75 Introduction to the Helicopter Flight Manual H76 Weight and Balance H77 Helicopter Pe
30. pitch is automatically adjusted to compensate for the loss of power thus maintaining constant RPM SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS GLIDER 1 What is the minimum age requirement for a person to be issued a student pilot certificate for the operation of gliders A 14 years of age B 15 years of age C 16 years of age Answer A Subject Matter Knowledge Code A22 14 CFR part 61 section 61 83 states Sec 61 83 Eligibility requirements for student pilots To be eligible for a student pilot certificate an applicant must a Be at least 16 years of age for other than the operation of a glider or balloon b Be at least 14 years of age for the operation of a glider or balloon c Be able to read speak write and understand the English language If the applicant is unable to meet one of these requirements due to medical reasons then the Administrator may place such operating limitations on that applicant s pilot certificate as are necessary for the safe operation of the aircraft 2 During aerotow of a glider that weighs 940 pounds which towrope tensile strength would require the use of safety links at each end of the rope A 752 pounds B 1 500 pounds C 2 000 pounds Answer C Subject Matter Knowledge Code B12 14 CFR part 91 section 91 309 states Sec 91 309 Towing Gliders 3 The towline used has breaking strength not less than 80 percent of the maximum certificated oper
31. rdmaster is a self contained electronic thesaurus that audibly pronounces typed in words and presents them on a display screen It has a built in headphone jack for private listening The headphone feature will be used during testing to avoid disturbing others c Option Three Applicants who do not choose to use the first or second option may request a test proctor to assist in reading specific words or terms from the test questions and supplement material In the interest of preventing compromise of the testing process the test proctor should be someone who is non aviation oriented The test proctor will provide reading assistance only with no explanation of words or terms The Airman Testing Standards Branch AFS 630 will assist in the selection of a test site and test proctor CHEATING OR OTHER UNAUTHORIZED CONDUCT Computer testing centers must follow strict security procedures to avoid test compromise These procedures are established by the FAA and are covered in FAA Order 8080 6 Conduct of Airman Knowledge Tests The FAA has directed testing centers to terminate a test at any time a test proctor suspects a cheating incident has occurred An FAA investigation will then be conducted If the investigation determines that cheating or unauthorized conduct has occurred then any airman certificate or rating that you hold may be revoked and you will be prohibited for 1 year from applying for or taking any test for a certificate or
32. rformance H78 Some Hazards of Helicopter Flight H79 Precautionary Measures and Critical Conditions H80 Helicopter Flight Maneuvers H81 Confined Area Pinnacle and Ridgeline Operations H82 Glossary AC 61 27 Instrument Flying Handbook 104 Basic Flight Instruments 105 Attitude Instrument Flying Airplanes 108 Using the Navigation Instruments 109 Radio Communications Facilities and Equipment 110 The Federal Airways System and Controlled Airspace AC 00 6 Aviation Weather 120 The Earth s Atmosphere 121 Temperature 122 Atmospheric Pressure and Altimetry 123 Wind 124 Moisture Cloud Formation and Precipitation 125 Stable and Unstable Air D6 Clouds 27 Air Masses and Fronts D8 Turbulence 129 Icing 130 Thunderstorms Bl Common IFR Producers 132 High Altitude Weather 133 Arctic Weather 134 Tropical Weather 135 Soaring Weather 136 Glossary of Weather Terms AC 00 45 Aviation Weather Services 140 The Aviation Weather Service Program 141 Surface Aviation Weather Reports 142 Pilot and Radar Reports and Satellite Pictures 143 Aviation Weather Forecasts 144 Surface Analysis Chart 145 Weather Depiction Chart 146 Radar Summary Chart 147 Significant Weather Prognostics 148 Winds and Temperatures Aloft 149 Composite Moisture Stability Chart 150 Severe Weather Outlook Chart 151 Constant Pressure Charts 152 Tropopause Data Chart 153 Tables and Conversion Graphs AIM Aeronautical Information Man
33. rman Test Report and d Actual residential address if different from your mailing address KNOWLEDGE AREAS ON THE TESTS Commercial pilot tests are comprehensive because they test your knowledge in many subject areas If you are pursuing a commercial pilot certificate you should review the appropriate knowledge areas listed below pertinent to the category sought Airship applicants should review instrument procedures Balloon and airship applicants should include a review of the fundamentals of instructing Aeronautical knowledge areas e Applicable Code of Federal Regulations CFR s that apply to commercial pilot privileges limitations and flight operations e Accident reporting requirements of the National Transportation Safety Board e Basic aerodynamics and the principles of flight e Meteorology to include recognition of critical weather situations wind shear recognition and avoidance and the use of aeronautical weather reports and forecasts e The safe and efficient operation of aircraft e Weight and balance computation e Use of performance charts e Significance and effects of exceeding aircraft performance limitations e Use of aeronautical charts and magnetic compass for pilotage and dead reckoning e Use of air navigation facilities e Aeronautical decision making and judgment e Principles and functions of aircraft systems e Maneuvers procedures and emergency operations appropriate to the aircra
34. s required for a glider or balloon rating SAMPLE TEST QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS AIRPLANE 1 A pilot flying a single engine airplane observes a multiengine airplane approaching on a collision course from the left Which pilot should give way A Each pilot should alter course to the right B T he pilot of the single engine airplane should give way the other airplane is to the left C The pilot of the multiengine airplane should give way the single engine airplane is to its right Answer C Subject Matter Knowledge Code BOS 14 CFR part 91 section 91 113 states Sec 91 113 Right of way rules Except water operations d Converging When aircraft of the same category are converging at approximately the same altitude except head on or nearly so the aircraft to the other s right has the right of way If the aircraft are of different categories 1 A balloon has the right of way over any other category of aircraft 2 A glider has the right of way over an airship airplane or rotorcraft and 3 An airship has the right of way over an airplane or rotorcraft 2 The ratio between the total load supported by the wing and the actual weight of an aircraft in flight is known as A load factor and directly affects stall speed B aspect load and directly affects stall speed C load factor and has no relation with stall speed Answer A Subject Matter Knowledge Code H303 AC 61 23C Pilot
35. tification You should determine what knowledge test prerequisites are necessary before going to the computer testing center Your instructor or local Flight Standards District Office FSDO can assist you with what documentation to take to the testing facility Testing center personnel will not begin the test until your identification is verified A limited number of tests do not require authorization An endorsement from an authorized instructor is not required for military competency Acceptable forms of authorization e A certificate of graduation or a statement of accomplishment certifying the satisfactory completion of the ground school portion of a course from an FAA certificated pilot school e A certificate of graduation or a statement of accomplishment certifying the satisfactory completion of the ground school portion of a course from an agency such as a high school college adult education program U S Armed Force ROTC Flight Training School or Civil Air Patrol e A written statement or logbook endorsement from an authorized instructor certifying that you have accomplished a ground training or home study course required for the rating sought and you are prepared for the knowledge test e Failed Airman Test Report passing Airman Test Report or expired Airman Test Report pass or fail provided that you still have the original Airman Test Report in your possession Before you take the actual test you will have the op
36. tion to take a sample test The actual test is time limited however you should have sufficient time to complete and review your test When taking a test keep the following points in mind e Answer each question in accordance with the latest regulations and guidance publications e Read each question carefully before looking at the possible answers You should clearly understand the problem before attempting to solve it e After formulating an answer determine which test answer corresponds with your answer The answer chosen should completely resolve the problem e From the answers given it may appear that there is more than one possible answer however there is only one answer that is correct and complete The other answers are either incomplete erroneous or represent common misconceptions e Tfacertain question is difficult for you it is best to mark it for review and proceed to the next question After you answer the less difficult questions return to those which you marked for review and answer them The review procedure will be explained to you prior to starting the test Although the computer should alert you to unanswered questions make sure every question has an answer recorded This procedure will enable you to use the available time to the maximum advantage e When solving a calculation problem select the answer closest to your solution The problems have been checked manually and with various types of calculators
37. ual JO1 Air Navigation Radio Aids J02 Radar Services and Procedures J03 Airport Lighting Aids J04 Air Navigation and Obstruction Lighting JOS Airport Marking Aids and Signs J06 Airspace General J07 Class G Airspace JOS Controlled Airspace JO9 Special Use Airspace J10 Other Airspace Areas Jil Service Available to Pilots J12 Radio Communications Phraseology and Techniques J13 Airport Operations J14 ATC Clearance Separations J15 Preflight J16 Departure Procedures J17 En Route Procedures J18 Arrival Procedures J19 Pilot Controller Roles and Responsibilities 320 National Security and Interception Procedures J21 Emergency Procedures General 322 Emergency Services Available to Pilots 323 Distress and Urgency Procedures J24 Two Way Radio Communications Failure J25 J26 J27 J28 J29 J30 J31 J32 J33 Appendix 1 Meteorology Altimeter Setting Procedures Wake Turbulence Bird Hazards and Flight Over National Refuges Parks and Forests Potential Flight Hazards Safety Accident and Hazard Reports Fitness for Flight Type of Charts Available Pilot Controller Glossary Other Documents J34 J35 J36 J37 J40 J41 J42 J43 Airport Facility Directory En Route Low Altitude Chart En Route High Altitude Chart Sectional Chart Standard Instrument Departure SID Chart Standard Terminal Arrival STAR Chart Instrument Approach Procedures Helicopter Route Chart AC 67 2 Medical Handbook for P
38. wledge tests require applicants to analyze the relationship between variables needed to solve aviation problems in addition to testing for accuracy of a mathematical calculation The intent is that all applicants are tested on concepts rather than rote calculation ability It is permissible to use certain calculating devices when taking airman knowledge tests provided they are used within the following guidelines The term calculating devices is interchangeable with such items as calculators computers or any similar devices designed for aviation related activities 1 Guidelines for use of test aids and materials The applicant may use test aids and materials within the guidelines listed below 1f actual test questions or answers are not revealed a Applicants may use test aids such as scales straightedges protractors plotters navigation computers log sheets and all models of aviation oriented calculating devices that are directly related to the test In addition applicants may use any test materials provided with the test b Manufacturer s permanently inscribed instructions on the front and back of such aids listed in 1 a e g formulas conversions regulations signals weather data holding pattern diagrams frequencies weight and balance formulas and air traffic control procedures are permissible c The test proctor may provide calculating devices to applicants and deny them use of their personal calculatin
Download Pdf Manuals
Related Search