Emerson 40-200kVA White Paper
Contents
1. protection for network access rooms can be realized through deployment of reliable flexible and cost effective solutions that provide necessary levels of power quality power reliability cooling and ventilation remote monitoring and management physical security and preventive maintenance and rapid response ser vice Several important considerations including UPS sizing runtime requirement power distribution and power redundancy must be evaluated to achieve desired levels of power reliability Figure 3 The Liebert NX is a midsize three phase UPS designed for scalability parallel These features work together to enable a clear easy to manage path for adding capacity or redundancy Power Reliability Reliable power is the lifeblood of fully functioning network access rooms Based on the increasing criticality of applications relying on the technologies powered in these rooms any power abnormalities have the potential to thwart business continuity Therefore several important considerations including UPS sizing runtime requirement power distribution and power redundancy must be evaluated to achieve desired levels of power reliability UPS Sizing When sizing the UPS for a network access room use full load calculations for protected equipment to help ensure adequate power and allow for growth Some organizations use nominal loads or estimate their average loads which could re2. with larger more robust technology include lower cost of ownership and higher system availability because of fewer potential points of failure and easier management Figure 2 This approach also simplifies service and maintenance requirements Smaller UPS modules Larger UPS modules A Module Capacity Size Cost per Capacity Unit Figure 2 Larger UPS modules leverage economies of scale to drive down the cost per kW Others may adopt a decentralized strategy in which UPS systems are located in each rack or access room Advantages of this strategy include simpler installation and lower initial cost Highly reliable rack mounted line interactive and double conversion UPS systems are available from 700 VA to 10 kVA making it practical to deploy power protection in almost any environment housing rack mount servers switches and routers Also new 208V UPS systems increase the ability of IT and network managers to adapt to the requirements of modern applications and IT equipment including servers routers and switches that can handle either 120V or 208V power with no modifications necessary If decentralized power protection is used be sure to account for UPS losses when determining room power requirements Determining Network Hardware Requirements Network hardware required for converged applications will require a high availability infrastructure that may have more in common with systems
3. downtime 10 Power Reliability Power Redundancy What levels of power and UPS redundancy do you need given the criticality of your equipment and your cost of downtime Physical Security lIs your network access room secure trom physical eny Jo Do you need to secure cabinets from unauthorizedenny o o Doyouwanttobealertedwhenthecabinetisopened o o Cooling and Ventilation YES no Will the equipment you install require dedicated cooling equipment ojo Is power consumption 4kW or more high enough to consider high density dedicated KARA cooling What are the cooling requirements of your network equipment planned and anticipated Monitoring amp Management YES Do you use network communications software Do you want to monitor power and cooling equipment via your network Do you want to be able to send alerts initiate graceful shutdowns of equipment or and control power usage within the rack lt Preventative Maintenance amp Rapid Response Service Do you want to be able to service the UPS without shutting down power to the protected equipment Do you want to protect your UPSs with warranties beyond 2 years o ao Do you need UPS and battery checks or other types of preventative maintenance ojo Do you need startup services for larger UPSs and cooling systems o ao Do you want to consider a long term warranty and service package to provide preventative maintenance and repair for up
4. IE A White Paper from the Experts in Business Critical Continuity Power and Cooling Design Guidelines for Network Access Rooms S EMERSON Network Power Introduction Network access and telecom rooms are housing more powerful and critical equipment as businesses rely on these spaces to support an increasing number of business critical applications The technologies supporting the deployment of IP telephony wireless networking converged applications and other equipment outside traditional IT data storage and management are finding their way into nontraditional spaces that weren t designed as data centers These rooms also support important operational functions including time and attendance equipment building maintenance alarms and security equipment In the event of a failure within a network access room organizations may be susceptible to the disruption of revenue generating activities or the inoperability of security and phone systems among other serious consequences Because network access equipment has traditionally been housed in converted closets or other spaces not well suited for electronics its reliability and that of newer devices has been placed in jeopardy These spaces often constrain growth or enhanced use of the closet because of the lack of physical space and power cooling infrastructure required to support the powerful and critical equipment on which the business is now dependent Figure 1 M
5. and power distribution switch is a low cost way to protect against utility loss With this configuration each equipment cord goes to a separate PDU with each PDU plugged into f 3 ee oj Liebert MP i s Advanced Liebert UPS Utility Power Strip Network Switch Outlet Liebert MP Advanced Power Strip a Liebert UPS T Risk of utility loss Figure 6 Single UPS with utility power Network Switch the maintenance bypass switch Figure 7 One cord from the maintenance bypass switch is plugged into the wall and the other cord is connected to the UPS This configuration allows power to be provided from the UPS to rack equipment in the event a utility power outage occurs Power can also be provided from the wall if a UPS fails or while the UPS is being maintained Although this solution is certainly better than a standalone UPS it does not provide UPS backup redundancy For true high availability applications UPS redundancy should be considered Figure 8 shows a power redundancy configuration that can be deployed in network closets the configuration includes a PDU positioned between the protected devices and the UPS The highest availability is achieved with a dual bus system With this configuration equipment cords are plugged into separate AK A a n a s aaa 5 Liebert UPS a N a Pi i Liebert MicroPOD With mai
6. d primarily on the equipment type and room size In cases where switch power requirements are low Total Heat Load simple ventilation may suffice Higher density equipment will typically require a dedicated cooling system In fact the Uptime Institute has reported that equipment located in the top one third of a data center rack fails twice as often as equipment in the bottom two thirds of the same rack The organization estimates that for every increase of 18 degrees F above 70 degrees F long term electronics reliability falls by 50 percent When determining cooling requirements those responsible for the environment should evaluate the existing cooling system as noted previously and determine whether the space has dedicated air conditioning or relies on the building air conditioning system or ventilation When planning the cooling system determine whether the door ceiling or walls can support ductwork for ventilation and whether the heat can be exhausted to the outside If the closet is cooled by the building s air conditioning system cooling is probably insufficient because building air conditioning systems cycle on and off and do not run throughout the year Figure 9 shows options for cooling and ventilation For equipment loads of 100 watts to 1 000 watts ventilating the closet space should be adequate This should be accomplished without compromising the physical security of the space which may require the installat
7. ergencies Organizations can also benefit from preventive maintenance and service Network access rooms present a challengeas agreements including extended warranties far as power and cooling are concerned In this that are cost effective and can help lengthen dynamic environment it is important to size the life of the UPS and scale the power and cooling solutions for flexibility and future growth Organizations with business critical applications will likely benefit from dual bus redundancy which creates parallel power paths to eliminate single points of failure Organizations that are only concerned about utility power loss may be able to function with a single true online UPS Whatever the level of power redundancy the network access room must be properly cooled and ventilated because heat will not dissipate and will be drawn back into the rack if it is not removed To keep equipment operating at peak performance a variety of remote monitoring and management software is available that can detect environment and equipment changes before adverse trends turn into Appendix A Network Access Room Review Checklist AVAILABILITY CONSIDERATIONS i al ves Do you know what level of power availability you require in your network access room o o If not have you calculated your cost of downtime for network access room equipment to help determine your desired availability level PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT CONSIDERATIONS an Phys
8. general network access applications use a line interactive UPS such as the Liebert PSI This type of UPS provides extended battery capacities some power conditioning and delivers solid backup power protection for a wide variety of applications if full power conditioning or a fault tolerant design is not required For business critical always on applications a true online double conversion UPS such as the Liebert GXT is a preferred choice A double conversion UPS delivers a lower total cost of ownership provides highly effective power conditioning and relies less on the battery system to correct for power anomalies extending battery life It also protects against UPS component failures including premature battery failure from overheating power overload and failure of the internal inverter True online UPS units have higher reliability than line interactive systems because they include a fault tolerant design with an internal bypass that maintains power during any of the above circumstances Midsize three phase UPS systems such as the Liebert NX Figure 3 can provide highly reliable centralized power protection for multiple network access rooms froma single location These systems can introduce capabilities not available in smaller UPS systems such as software scalability which allows capacity growth without adding hardware and uneven paralleling which permits different size modules to operate in High availability
9. ical Size YES NO Can you fit all your desired network equipment including power and cooling systems into eee the rack Can you fit the rack into the room ojo Existing Power YES no Is there sufficient incoming power for your full equipment loads o ao Are there sufficient circuits for redundancy if desired ojo Have you checked which types of receptacles are present will they accommodate equipment plugs types Existing Cooling and Ventilation YES NO Is the room ventilated o ao If not can it be ventilated to the outside o ao Does room cooling dedicated or building cooling exist ojo APPLICATION AND HARDWARE CONSIDERATIONS Pasie Power Quality vs no Will you equipment need power protection during outages only or continual protection and conditioning Power Reliability Backup Runtime YES NO Are you using full loads and not nominal loads to size the UPS ojo Have you sized the UPS based on factors such as Power over Ethernet network equipment growth and the criticality of the equipment Power Reliability Distribution yes no Do you require basic rack PDUs those with multiple receptacles Poeg Do you require rack PDUs with monitoring and control capabilities o oa Do you need to maintain tighter controls over who makes equipment changes What levels of power and UPS redundancy do you need given the criticality of your equipment and your cost of
10. ion of intakes and exhaust grills on the closet door Recommended Cooling Solution lt 100 Watts Leaks and wall conduction 100 1000 Watts Intakes and exhaust grilles in doors or walls 1000 5000 Watts Dedicated cooling with remote heat rejection gt 5000 Watts High heat density cooling with remote heat rejections Figure 9 Cooling requirements are determined by equipment power consumption Rack fans provide another inexpensive method of removing heat from equipment with the closet ventilation removing it from the space Rooms with more than 1 000 Watts of equipment will need some form of dedicated cooling Self contained cabinets or rack enclosures such as the Liebert MCR Figure 10 are available that include support systems such as computer grade air conditioning a UPS monitoring capabilities and security features If rack power is likely to exceed 5 kW a high heat density cooling option such as the Liebert XDF Figure 11 may be best although the system will require proper ventilation of the closet space to remove condenser heat This energy efficient solution utilizes digital scroll compressors to automatically match cooling requirements to the heat load at any time which ensures the cooling unit is not always running at full capacity Remote Management and Monitoring While most organizations want to minimize the cost of physically inspecting and maintaining equipment in network access rooms they wan
11. lutions available today that allow powerful and sensitive network equipment to operate safely and reliably in almost any environment Figure 1 New switches routers and other equipment being deployed as part of an IT system upgrade may require enhanced power and cooling support Evaluating the Physical Environment The network access room environment poses a number of challenges for power cooling and monitoring systems Evaluation of the network closet s size and existing power and cooling attributes will help ensure that it is designed with solutions that can easily support growth and flexibility as business needs change The advantages of a centralized UPS with larger more robust technology include lower cost of ownership and higher system availability because of fewer potential points of failure and easier management This approach also simplifies service and maintenance requirements Size The small size of network access rooms can limit power and cooling equipment configurations Most network access room installations require UPS systems that will take at least 2U of rack space not including extended runtime batteries Existing Cooling Cooling and ventilation will determine how effectively heat can be removed from the rack and from the access room Equipment type and access room size will largely determine cooling requirements Simple ventilation may suffice or a dedicated cooling sys
12. ntenance bypass switch Utility Liebert MP Advanced Power Strips Outlet Figure 5 Single UPS configuration Figure 7 Single UPS and Maintenance Bypass Switch For true high availability applications UPS redundancy should be considered The highest availability is achieved with a dual bus system When planning the cooling system determine whether the door ceiling or walls can support ductwork for ventilation and whether the heat can be exhausted to the outside Liebert MP s Advanced Liebert UPS Utility Power Strip Outlet Switch _ 5 Liebert MP Advanced Liebert UPS Utili Power Strip tility Outlet Figure 8 UPS redundancy with the dual bus approach provides the highest availability PDUs and the PDUs are plugged into separate UPS units In turn the UPS units are plugged into separate circuits A dual bus configuration provides UPS backup redundancy during a power outage and up to nine 9s of power availability which translates into just 3 100 of a second of potential downtime each year Cooling and Ventilation Today s power hungry switches generate more heat than previous generations of equipment As a result rack temperatures often exceed safe operating levels and because the heat will not dissipate it must be removed from the rack and the room Heat that is not removed will be drawn back into the rack Cooling requirements depen
13. offered to help meet maintenance and availability objectives including maintenance bypass switches environmental monitoring products warranties and remote monitoring and on site services When selecting network access room equipment it is essential to understand the parameters of the product warranty If a component fails will the company replace the UPS overnight via 24x7 customer support And will the warranty cover shipping both ways Some companies offer inexpensive one and three year extended warranties at the time of purchase that can cost effectively lengthen the life of the UPS Depending upon the warranty on site and preventive maintenance services may be included with remote monitoring and other services also available Organizations with Top Causes of UPS Failure business critical applications will likely benefit from dual bus redundancy which End of Discharge creates parallel power 19 paths to eliminate single points of failure Organizations that are Circuit Bad Batteries only concerned about Breaker 4 18 utility power loss may UPS be able to function Components 4 with a single true Logic Boa rd 4 online UPS N Utility Generator 4 lt REPO EPO 8 Other N External 6 User Error 7 Figure 12 Battery problems 37 percent represent the largest cause of UPS failure and can be minimized through UPS consolidation or remote battery monitoring Conclusion em
14. ore powerful equipment generates more heat When the equipment is trapped in a small poorly ventilated space heat can quickly raise the temperature to unsafe levels that reduce performance and shorten equipment life Additionally the hardware running these applications requires higher availability power protection through an uninterruptible power supply UPS system Threat to Business Continuity More powerful For example Voice over Internet Protocol VoIP can change the economics associated with network access downtime by adding significant costs to a business should there be a disruption When evaluating the criticality of network and telecom closets IT managers equipment generates more heat When the equipment is trapped in a small poorly ventilated space heat should review applications supported by can quickly raise the the network and evaluate the impact to temperature to unsafe the business if those applications become levels that reduce unexpectedly unavailable Addressing costs performance and associated with employee productivity and shorten equipment life revenue generating activities should not be overlooked As downtime costs rise so too should the investment in technologies that can increase availability Configuring the appropriate solution involves both overcoming the physical challenges imposed by the space and understanding the cost of downtime for the environment The good news is that there are so
15. ote power control as some products provide on off operation of individual receptacles This feature can be used to limit how much equipment is plugged PoE Power Watts Total Power Watts 2491 4507r 4510 1200 288 2491 3411 4962 6162 Figure 4 Using Power over Ethernet changes network access room power requirements 4 into the UPS reducing the risk of circuit overload and ensuring that only authorized equipment can be powered up Power Redundancy Power redundancy has become more important with the growth of high availability applications as organizations seek to reduce single points of potential failure Most network equipment now comes with multiple power cords to support redundancy A redundancy strategy should be driven primarily by availability requirements In a single UPS configuration Figure 5 both cords are plugged into the same power distribution unit which is then plugged into a single UPS connected to the wall outlet While the UPS provides backup if the utility power fails there is no UPS redundancy in case the UPS fails To protect against UPS failure one cord of the rack equipment may be plugged into the wall receptacle with the other cord plugged into the PDU connected to the UPS Figure 6 This configuration allows incoming power to provide redundancy in the event of a UPS failure but exposes the network to potential utility loss Using a single UPS with a maintenance bypass
16. status of cooling equipment and automate the graceful shutdown of equipment in the event of a prolonged power outage It can also reboot network equipment and control power usage at the rack PDU receptacle level to ensure adequate total capacity Figure 11 The Liebert XDF is a secured enclosure with integrated high heat density cooling providing the benefits of big room support Optimized horizontal air circulation cools the protected equipment both in standard and backup ventilation modes real time monitoring of temperature and humidity changes contact closures and water leaks Physical Security Because network access rooms escape the scrutiny common to computer rooms physical security is often a major issue This is why it is important to make sure ventilation is not dependent on keeping doors open which could allow unauthorized access Simply it is important to secure access room doors and secure equipment inside lockable cabinets Also various mechanical locking systems are available to enhance the physical security within network access room cabinets Some cabinets include easy to use 3 cylinder combination locks to control access with options available that allow access to be monitored via the customer s network Preventive Maintenance and Rapid Response Service Preventive maintenance and service are critical to ensure the availability of network equipment A number of options are
17. sult in undersized UPS units Cisco Catalyst Model Data Power Watts PoE Ports leading to critical equipment downtime With the changing nature of network technology and growth in power requirements sizing the UPS units to accommodate a 50 to 100 percent growth factor is not excessive If PoE is being used power usage calculations must account for the inline power to the network devices Figure 4 Remember that PoE draws could grow from the current 15 watts per port to 40 watts per port as new PoE standards emerge As a result power densities in network access rooms are often three to five times greater than traditional network equipment which will require larger or additional UPS systems Runtime Requirements Runtime requirements will vary based on equipment criticality Organizations wanting to support graceful shutdown of equipment may only need a few minutes of runtime Conversely organizations wanting to ensure continuity of critical applications may need two hours or more which requires additional batteries It s important to note that battery systems may require additional space if extended runtime beyond five minutes is required Power Distribution Power distribution is important for ensuring power reliability Rack level power distribution units PDUs provide basic receptacle level power distribution and high capacity designs for high end switches Additionally intelligent power strips can support rem
18. t to be able to detect any adverse trends before they turn into emergencies Remote monitoring and management software has the capability to identify adverse changes in the environment and equipment including shifts in heat and humidity water leaks fluctuations in UPS input power declines in battery capacity and changes in runtime and output load percentage as well as cooling equipment status Network management software can be used to determine the status of cooling equipment and automate the graceful shutdown of equipment in the event of a prolonged power outage It can also reboot network equipment and control power usage at the rack PDU receptacle level to ensure adequate total capacity For example the Liebert Nform management software can initiate safe shutdown of critical equipment if absolute maximum temperatures are reached within the network closet For organizations using network management software communication cards are available that allow power including batteries and cooling equipment data to be compiled and analyzed Figure 12 This tool also provides the ability to remotely cycle the UPS on and off In addition small monitoring units can be integrated into the system to provide Figure 10 Self contained cabinets provide an easy to deploy integrated power and cooling solution for low heat density network access equipment Network management software can be used to determine the
19. tem may be warranted Initial considerations should include ventilation of the access room ducting of walls and ceilings and year round availability of building air conditioning Existing Power When evaluating a room to handle network equipment check out elements of the room s existing power supply to see if it can adequately support the technologies that it may house The size and number of circuits required are determined by power usage and redundancy requirements Support for Power over Ethernet PoE can quadruple power requirements Certain redundancy strategies such as dual bus may require more than one circuit for UPS systems If additional circuits must be added it is wise to provide some room for future growth as new PoE standards will allow the format to support higher powered devices such as laptops Also the type of wall receptacles in the access room will impact compatibility with UPS systems For example UPS systems with capacities of more than 2 000 VA have different plug types that may not fit the commonly used 15 amp or 20 amp receptacles in network access rooms These factors along with building layout and network equipment criticality will drive the decision on whether to use centralized or decentralized UPS systems Some organizations may be able to utilize a single UPS located in a computer room to protect network access rooms throughout the same building The advantages of a centralized UPS
20. to 5 years 11 Emerson Network Power 1050 Dearborn Drive P O Box 29186 Columbus Ohio 43229 800 877 9222 U S amp Canada Only 614 888 0246 Outside U S Fax 614 841 6022 EmersonNetworkPower com Liebert com While every precaution has been taken to ensure accuracy and completeness in this literature Liebert Corporation assumes no responsibility and disclaims all liability for damages resulting from use of this information or for any errors or omissions Specifications subject to change without notice 2008 Liebert Corporation All rights reserved throughout the world Trademarks or registered trademarks are property of their respective owners Liebert and the Liebert logo are registered trademarks of the Liebert Corporation Business Critical Continuity Emerson Network Power and the Emerson Network Power logo are trademarks and service marks of Emerson Electric Co 2008 Emerson Electric Co WP160 58 SL 24624 Emerson Network Power The global leader in enabling Business Critical Continuity EmersonNetworkPower com I AC Power E Embedded Computing I Outside Plant I Racks amp Integrated Cabinets I Connectivity E Embedded Power I Power Switching amp Controls I Services E DC Power I Monitoring I Precision Cooling I Surge Protection
21. used in the data center rather than those traditionally used in network access rooms Achieving High Availability Protection High availability protection for network access rooms can be realized through deployment of reliable flexible and cost effective solutions that provide necessary levels of power quality power reliability cooling and ventilation remote monitoring and management physical security and preventive maintenance and rapid response service In many instances most of this critical network equipment will be stored together in a rack It s imperative to use a rack equipped with ease of use design flexibility that allows for the quick installation of new technologies Physical security will be enhanced with a locking door which should be perforated to improve airflow to reduce heat helping to ensure higher availability Power Quality The criticality of the network equipment will determine the type of UPS required Does the network equipment only need power backup during outages or does it require continual power protection and conditioning Again VoIP may elevate network criticality Whereas power availability for phone systems was traditionally provided by phone companies today it is the responsibility of each organization Converged applications should be supported with higher power availability up to 99 9999 percent to withstand between 31 seconds and 5 2 minutes of total annual downtime Most
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