Cyclades PC400 User's Manual
Contents
1. Commands sent to the dsp It should not exceed 80 characters dsp profile end Marks the end of the configuration parameters for a digital signal processor profile See comments for dsp profile begin above FIG 4 3 DSP PROFILE PARAMETERS Chapter 4 Board and System Configuration 16 Parameters that define and apply to interfaces Label Description interf _begin Marks the beginning of the parameters specific to the th T1 E1 interface All parameters following this label apply only to this interface until interf _end is reached clock_mode Specifies the clock source Can be either master or slave line_code Type of coding used in the line T1 b8zs or ami E1 hdb3 or ami frame_mode How data is framed T1 esf d4 or jesf E1 crc4 nerc4 line_build_out Attenuation on the line Applies to T1 lines only and the possible values are Odb 7 5db 15db and 22 5db signaling_mode Specifies the signaling mode pri cas or none profile ras full fractional or channelized This parameter pre sets several other parameters Details are given later in this chapter DN sensitivity Degree of sensitivity for reception Values are shaul short haul and lhaul long haul signaling_type Specifies the kind of signaling used when the CAS signaling mode is chosen The possibilities are r2analog r2digital for E1 and winks and loops for T1 companding_mode E1 alaw or non2. nt_msk mask appropriate to the target is assumed nt_msk must be specified in dot notation gw gt_way specifies a gateway when applicable gt_way is the IP address or hostname of the gateway interf the interface to use for this route Must be specified if a gateway is not When a gateway is specified the operating system determines which interface is to be used Type man route at the Linux prompt for more information about the syntax for the command route ssh The Secure Shell Session ssh is a command interface and protocol often used by network administrators to connect securely to a remote computer and is a highly recommended alternative to telnet rlogin ssh replaces its non secure counterpart rsh There are two versions of the protocol ssh and ssh2 Type man ssh2 at the Linux command prompt for more information about the use of ssh Appendix A Linux 37 Cyclades PC400 Installation Manual The Process Table The process table shows which processes are running and is displayed by tying ps a An example is given below PID TTY STAT TIME COMMAND 1 S 0 05 init 322 Sw 0 00 portmap 3361 tty11 SW 0 00 login 11915 Diet S 0 00 bash 11926 pts O R 0 00 ps ax Use the kill command to delete a process For example kill 9 3361 would kill the login process above Loading the Configuration File This configuration file for non default configurations should be loaded into the board s memory with the c
3. PPP SLIP scripts The site www netlinos org Documentation gt Tutorials gt Remote Access has an example of how to set up a digital RAS using the PC400 and the software package portslave At this point the installation of the board is complete Guided Examples for the Most Common Applications This section provides detailed examples that can be used as models for similar applications Turn to the ex ample that is closest to your application read the explanations and edit the configuration file with parameters appropriate to your system Note that these examples only show the configuration of the first interface The configuration of the second interface is identical Chapter A Board and System Configuration 21 Example 1 A RAS Dial in Application With Both Analog and Digital Incoming Calls LAN Network Terminator with PC400 T1 E1 5 Multiple Calls Re ISDN BRI Q Qo s Network Ba Terminator Telephone ISDN _ Network Remote Modem lt A IP Address lt gt Modem Assigned on Se PC l A Connection FIGURE 4 7 EXAMPLE OF A RAS DIAL IN APPLICATION Sample pc400 cfg files are provided on the driver diskette for the RAS dial in application in the directory Config Sample If you have a T1 line use the file 2t1cas cfg as a reference if your line is E1 use the file 2e1cas cfg Chapter 4 Board and System Configuration 22 Parameter Description Value for T1 Value
4. Scunthorpe North Lincolnhire DN17 2RU UK Phone 44 1724 277179 Fax 44 1724 279981 www uk cyclades com Cyclades South America Av Santa Catarina 155 04635 000 Sao Paulo SP Brazil Phone 55 11 5033 3333 Fax 55 11 5033 3388 www cyclades com br Cyclades Germany Rennweg 33 85435 Erding Germany Phone 49 0 81 22 90 99 90 Fax 49 0 81 22 90 999 33 www cyclades de
5. at the Linux command prompt or the howto http netfilter filewatcher org ipchains HOWTO html The syntax of the ipchains command is ipchains command chain s source d destination p protocol J target 1 interface where command is one of the following A Add a condition or rule to the end of the chain Note that the order in which a condition appears in a chain can modify its application and the first rule added to a chain is processed first etc D Delete a condition from the chain The condition must match exactly with the command s arguments to be deleted R Replace a condition in the chain Insert a condition in a specified location in the chain L List all conditions in the chain F Flush remove all conditions in the chain N Create a new chain X Deletes a user created chain P Policy applied for default handling chain is one of the following input filters incoming packets output filters outgoing packets forward filters packets which are not created by the server and are not destined to the server user_created_chain a previously defined or in the process of being defined chain created using the N command described above Appendix A Linux 41 Cyclades PC400 Installation Manual The output chain controls which packets are sent A packet can be accepted by the input chain but then rejected by the output chain Likewise the forward chain controls which packets will be route
6. e Channel parameters define groups of channels time slots within a T1 E1 line e Logical link parameters set link information such as telephone number and connection type All parameters are presented below with a brief description of each The basic structure of the file is as follows general parameters cnx profile begin Parameters that define this customized ISDN PRI profile cnx profile end cnx profile begin Parameters that define this customized ISDN PRI profile cnx profile end dsp profile begin Parameters that define and apply to this DSP profile dsp profile end dsp profile begin Parameters that define and apply to this DSP profile dsp profile end interf1 begin Parameters that configure T1 E1 Interface 1 channel group begin Parameters that define and apply to this channel time slot channel group end channel group begin Parameters that define and apply to this channel time slot channel group end interfn 1 begin Chapter 4 Board and System Configuration 13 Parameters that define and apply to this logical link interfn 1 end interfn_N_ begin Parameters that define and apply to this logical link interf1_N end interf1 end interf2 begin Parameters that configure T1 E1 Interface 2 when present channel group begin Parameters that define and apply to this channel time slot channel group end channel group begin Parameters that define and apply to this channel time slot channel group end interfn 1 begin Parameter
7. line line unit_name Name used to identify the board PC400 PC400 prompt Can be changed to identify which board is being Select option Select option accessed gt gt escape char Ox1b is the lt ESC gt key Ox1b Ox1b shortcut char 0x0 turns this feature off 0x0 0x0 username Login name for administrator super super password Password for administrator SUDC SUDC syslog Enables syslog messages indicated enabled enabled line debug user s ystem modem info line debug user s ystem modem info interf1_begin First interface parameters interf_type Indicates line time t1 el clock mode Normally master master slave line_code There are two options each for T1 and E1 lines b8zs hdb3 Ask the service provider frame_mode There are several data framing options for both esf crc4 T1 and E1 line_build_out Applies only to T1 lines Ask the service Odb provider signaling_mode Can be pri ISDN cas or none none none Chapter A Board and System Configuration FIGURE 4 10 MULTIPLE LAN TO LAN APPLICATION PARAMETERS 26 Parameter Description Value for T1 Value for E1 line line DN sensitivity Sensitivity for reception shaul shaul channel group begin Definition of first channel group channels Channels in first group 1 10 1 10 channel_group_end End of definition of first channel group channel group begin Definition of second channel group channels Channels in
8. user interface to change the crontab file To use crond first create the following two files for every process that it will execute 1 crontab the file that specifies frequency of execution name of shell script etc should be created using the traditional crontab file format 2 script shell a script file with the Linux commands to be executed Each line of the crontab file has five time and date fields followed by a user name if it is the system crontab file followed by a command minute hour date month day of week user command Commands are executed when the minute hour and month fields match the current time and when at least one of the two day fields day of month or day of week match the current time An represents the entire possible range of values e g every day or every month Next create a line in the file etc crontab_files for each process to be run Each line must contain the three items Appendix A Linux 39 Cyclades PC400 Installation Manual e status active or inactive if this item is not active the script will not be executed e user the process will be run with the privileges of this user who must be a valid local user e source pathname of the crontab file When the etc crontab_files file contains the following line active root etc tst cron src and the etc tst_cron src file contains the following line Q0 50 FOX KK Sete test Cronssh crond will execute the script listed in tst_cron s
9. Cyclades PC400 Installation Manual Cyclades Corporation Cyclades PC400 Installation Manual Version 2 1 December 2001 Copyright C Cyclades Corporation 2001 We believe the information in this manual is accurate and reliable However we assume no responsibility financial or otherwise for any consequences of the use of this product or Installation Manual This manual is published by Cyclades Corporation which reserves the right to make improvements or changes in the products described in this manual as well as to revise this publication at any time and without notice to any person of such revision or change The information in the manual corresponds to version 1 1 0 of the driver All brand and product names mentioned in this publication are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders FCC Warning Statement The Cyclades PC400 has been tested and found to comply with the limits for Class A digital devices pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules These limits are designed to provide reasonable protection against harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a commercial environment This equipment generates uses and can radiate radio frequency energy and if not installed and used in accordance with the Installation Manual may cause harmful interference to radio communications Operation of this equipment in a residential area is likely to cause harmful interference in which case the user is required to corr
10. I s 35 ESD 1741 1741 1741 O 1 lt gt 1 36 lt gt 4 1741 1741 1741 0 A ae 37 lt gt 2D 1741 1741 1741 O I lt gt 1 IOC 6 1741 1741 1741 0 gah B05 eS MV 1741 1741 1741 0 1 lt gt 1 40 lt gt 8 1741 1741 1741 0 lt ESC gt Previous Menu lt G gt Global lt E gt Errors Typing G or E switches between the two screens and the ESC key returns to the main menu The serves to scroll down and scrolls up Chapter 5 Troubleshooting 31 Cyclades PC400 Administrative Utilities Installation Manual A program called pc400util is used for administrative functions It is executed by typing pc400util at the command line with the following options pc400util lt g p s S i a lt up down gt gt d device LI lt file default gt Lt lt MMDDYYYYHHMMSS systems The options are described in more detail in the list below d device f file g p S S i a cmd t time Chapter 5 Troubleshooting defines the configuration device to use defines the file to be up downloaded upload current board configuration to a local file download configuration from a local file to the board get current statistics get current status get board information set the device administrative up or down set date and time on the board 32 Cyclades PC400 Installation Manual APPENDIX A INFORMATION FOR USERS NOT FAMILIAR WITH LINUX Users and Passwords A username and password are nece
11. al sbin pc400load 1 then usr local sbin pc400load fi PC400 Configuration Download if x usr local sbin pc400util then usr local sbin pc400util p fi PC400 Date and Time Set if x usr local sbin pc400util then usr local sbin pc400util t system fi IMPORTANT the Cyclades PC400 driver must be loaded before the firmware and the configuration are downloaded to the board Thus if you compiled the driver as a loadable module make sure you load the driver module before you call pc400load and pc400util If you use the rc files to load the module for instance do the following PC400 Driver Load if x sbin modprobe 1 then sbin modprobe pc400 fi PC400 Firmware Download if x usr local sbin pc400load then usr local sbin pc400load fi PC400 Configuration Download if x usr local sbin pc400util J then usr local sbin pc400util p fi STEP FOUR Reboot the system and inspect the boot messages The driver should report the PC400 boards detected Chapter 4 Board and System Configuration 20 Cyclades PC400 driver lt version gt lt date gt built lt date gt PC400 1 RAM at OxMMMM IRQn 64 channels starting from por PC400 2 RAM at OxMMMM IRQn 64 channels starting from por etc ITT STEP FIVE Enable the ports of the Cyclades PC400 as you would with any standard serial port Edit etc inittab to enable getty and configure the
12. all or another file directly following the syntax defined in the file itself If the file is edited in this way the command fwset cannot be used to save and restore the configura tion Use iochains save gt file name to save the lists in file name updatefiles file name to save file name to flash memory iochains restore lt file name to restore the lists to the configuration in file name Appendix A Linux 43 Cyclades PC400 APPENDIX B HARDWARE SPECIFICATIONS Installation Manual This chapter provides the pinout diagram for the cable supplied with the product in case it is lost or damaged Cyclades PC400 RJ 48C Signal Pin RxTip RxRing N C TxTip TxRing N C N C N C CONDOABRWN Appendix B Hardware Specifications T1 E1 Terminal Adapter RJ 48C Pin Signal RxTip RxRing N C TxTip TxRing N C N C N C CONDOBRWN 44 LA NT Cyclades Australia 20 Arrabri Ave Jindalee Qld 4074 Australia Phone 61 7 3279 4320 Fax 61 7 3279 4393 www au cyclades com Cyclades Philippines Unit 804 LTA Bldg 118 Perea St Legaspi Village Makati City Phillipines 1200 Phone 632 813 0353 Fax 632 655 2610 www ph cyclades com Cyclades Corporation 41829 Albrae Street Fremont CA 94538 USA Phone 510 770 9727 Fax 510 770 0355 www cyclades com CYCLADES The Leader in Linux Connectivity aN bk Cyclades UK Unit 6 Moorwell Road Business Park
13. ame to the screen Shortcuts a dot represents the current directory two dots represents one directory above the current directory i e one directory closer to the base directory The vi Editor To edit a file using the vi editor type vi file name vi is a three state line editor it has a command mode a line mode and an editing mode If in doubt as to which mode you are in press the lt ESC gt key which will bring you to the command mode Mode What is done there How to Get There command mode navigation within the open file Press the lt ESC gt key editing mode text editing See list of editing commands below line mode file saving opening etc exiting From the command mode type the from vi colon Entering the program the user is automatically in the command mode To navigate to the part of the file to be Appendix A Linux 35 Cyclades PC400 Installation Manual edited use the following keys h moves the cursor to the left left arrow J moves the cursor to the next line down arrow k moves the cursor to the previous line up arrow 1 moves the cursor to the right right arrow Having arrived at the location where text should be changed use these commands to modify the text note commands i and o will move you into the editing mode and everything typed will be taken literally until you press the lt ESC gt key to return
14. ber in the incoming call message The value should not exceed 30 characters switch_type Switch type when PRI signaling is used au1 for Australia ets for Europe ETSI vn6 for France tr6 for Germany dms for USA NorTel DMS 100 Bess for USA AT amp T Custom ntt for Japan n_isdn2 for USA NI 2 hkt for Hong Kong and 4ess for USA AT amp T de timeout For PRI signaling mode specifies the idle timeout in minutes to drop one call The value should not exceed 127 and 0 indicates no timeout t200 For PRI signaling mode specifies the ISDN T200 parameter which may not exceed 255 n200 For PRI signaling mode specifies the ISDN N200 parameter which may not exceed 255 t203 For PRI signaling mode specifies the ISDN T203 parameter which may not exceed 255 interf _end Marks the end of the configuration parameters for the first interface See comments for interf begin above FIG 4 4 INTERFACE PARAMETERS CONT Chapter A Board and System Configuration 18 Parameters that define and apply to channels time slots These go inside interface markers channel group begin Marks the beginning of a group of channels All parameters following this label apply only to this channel group until channel_group_end is reached channels The number of channels in this channel group is defined The value can be first last Or channel_number channel_number channel_number etc channel group
15. d The input chain controls incoming packet filtering The packet is either destined for the router or for another computer In the latter case the packet is processed by the forward chain Packets that pass through the forward chain will then be pro cessed by the output chain source and destination have the following format address mask port port reverses the definition resulting in the opposite effect address host or network IP port defines a specific port port port defines a range of ports If a source or destination is not specified then 0 0 0 0 0 is used protocol is one of the following tcp udp icmp all or a protocol number see the file etc protocols for a list target is one of the following ACCEPT DENY the name of another chain interface is one of the server interfaces Lists do not need to be associated to an interface so this option may be omitted To save changes made using the ipchains command execute fwset This command will save the filter configu ration in the file etc network firewall To delete the changes made before fwset is executed execute fwset restore to return to the lists previously saved in etc network firewall Only the lists previously saved using fwset will then be defined This command is Appendix A Linux 42 Cyclades PC400 Installation Manual executed at boot to invoke the last configuration saved Another option is to edit the file etc network firew
16. diskette contains the files needed to run the Cyclades PC400 in a Linux environment This driver should run without problems with all processors supported by Linux However Ix86 compatible architectures are the only platforms officially supported by Cyclades read the file usr src linux README before continuing in order to understand the basics of kernel compilation Vv This Installation manual assumes a minimum knowledge of the Linux operating system Please System Requirements for compatibility with the PC400 e Linux kernel 2 2 17 or later or 2 4 0 or later e 486 processor or better e PCI bus support These instructions assume that your kernel source tree is usr src linux A Before installing the driver please back up any critical information in your system Log in to the Linux computer as root Place the diskette in the diskette drive Execute the following commands beginning from any directory cd tmp tar xvf dev fdao this command copies the tar file from the diskette to the directory tmp 1s to see the name of the tar file tar zxvf filename tgz to unzip and untar the file 1s to see the name of the directory cd pc400 lt version gt to go to the newly created directory Chapter 3 Software Installation NOTE at this point you should read the file README included in the directory pc400 lt version gt to learn about any changes implemented since this manual was produced sh i
17. e T1 ulaw or none signaling_tone Applies only when the CAS signaling mode is chosen The possible values are dtmf and mir for T1 and dtmf mfr2c mfr2nc and mfr2sc for E1 country Specificies the location of the PC400 if CAS signaling mode is being used The options are usa brazil mexico romania india and itu block_collect Valid only for CAS in Brazil Indicates whether or not collect calls should be blocked The valid values are enabled and disabled FIG 4 4 INTERFACE PARAMETERS Chapter A Board and System Configuration 17 Label Description onhook_timer Valid only for CAS in Brazil Valid values are 20 255 in units of a fraction of a second When the PC400 answers an incoming call it waits for the period defined by answer2_timer then it hangs up Next it waits the period defined by onhook_timer and reconnects The line remains active if the call was not a collect call This is necessary because in Brazil a collect call is accepted by simply remaining on the line answer2_timer Valid only for CAS in Brazil Specifies the time that should elapse before answering an incoming call Valid values are 15 255 in units of a fraction of asecond See description of onhook_timer trunk_number Principal phone number assigned to the ISDN trunk line Use the value none for this parameter if the incoming number should not be confirmed by the PC400 This is recommended when the provider does not send the trunk line num
18. ect the problem at his or her own expense Canadian DOC Notice The Cyclades PC400 does not exceed the Class A limits for radio noise emissions from digital apparatus set out in the Radio Interference Regulations of the Canadian Department of Communications Le Cyclades PC400 n met pas de bruits radio lectriques d passant les limites applicables aux appareils num riques de la classe A prescrites dans le r glement sur le brouillage radio lectrique edict par le Minist re des Communications du Canada Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS IN THE BOX ee 5 CHAPTER 2 HARDWARE INSTALLATION cicscsicccceiescresescrieecseiisns senaia a EE EEEE EEE EEE thas fats 6 GHAPITER 3 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION HE 9 CHAPTER 4 BOARD AND SYSTEM GOMES KOHNEN 12 Guided Examples for the Most Common Applications ssmnnsssssssssrerrrrsssrsssserannnrnnrnrrrssrrr ankan nn arr rr ARR RAR R RK Rn annan 21 Example 1 A RAS Dial in Application With Both Analog and Digital Incoming Calls nnnmisssssssserrerrrrsssersnnnn 22 Example 2 A LAN to LAN Example Using Channels ANEN 25 CHAPTER 5 LGE EECHELEN 28 GSMS ER IPS EE 28 What to Do When the PC400 is Not Recognized by the Operating System 28 HOW to Test if the PC400 is Functioning E 28 What to Do if the PC400 is Detected by the Computer but Does Not Function as Expected 28 Hardware LOSE EE 29 ele leg E Uu 32 APPENDIX A INFORMATION FOR USERS NOT FAMILIAR WITH LINUX sanonnannnnennnnnenennnneennnn
19. end Marks the end of a group of channels See comments for channel group begin above FIG 4 5 CHANNEL PARAMETERS Parameters that define and apply to logical links These go inside interface markers interfn_1_begin Marks the beginning of the parameters for logical link 1 PRI allows 23 T1 or 30 E1 channels whereas CAS allows 24 T1 or 30 E1 channels connection_type Indicates whether channel will be used for dial in dial out or both phone_num Phone number assigned to the channel The maximum number of characters is 30 dsp_profile_id specifies the DSP profile to be used for analog calls 5 profiles are possible interfn 1 end Marks the end of the parameters for logical link 1 FIG 4 6 LOGICAL LINK PARAMETERS The default values and sample configurations are described later in this chapter in the examples section The firmware should be loaded with the command pc400load which will load the file in usr local lib pc400 bin This configuration file should be loaded into the board s memory with the command pc400util p The options of this command are given in appendix A STEP THREE Edit one of the rc files e g etc rc d rc local to include a call to the PC400 s firmware loader and con figuration utility so that the firmware and current configuration are loaded on boot Chapter 4 Board and System Configuration 19 PC400 Firmware Download if x usr loc
20. enrnnennenenenne 33 Users and GE 33 Bietf CH Ed DE 33 Basic File Manipulation ee un Le ET 34 MAE EE ee 35 The Ro ting WE EE 36 ssh ne Sec re Shell Session oeer EEN 37 The tee 38 Betckllgie Bu Rei Me edel BI 38 SOY SOO DEE 39 POMC geint BE ssi eek nrc ran dd deeds OEE EEEE Eeoae E EE E EEE E EE EEEE 39 The DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Cent 40 Packet Filtern sing leier E 41 APPENDIX RER EE RL 44 CHAPTER 1 WHAT IS IN THE BOX Two Cyclades PC400 models are available one with DSPs for analog modem connections and one without them for digital connections One cable per channel is provided for connection of the board to a T1 E1 line A diskette containing the PC400 driver is also included and its use is described in chapter 3 PC400 with 2 Channels PC400 with 1 Channel PC400 Driver Diskette RJ 48C L d S 4 eg SE e Installation Manual Upgrades of Software and Manuals This product is provided with a printed Installation Manual Both the manual and the driver are updated frequently and the latest versions can be downloaded free from the Cyclades Web site Chapter 1 What is in the Box 5 CHAPTER 2 HARDWARE INSTALLATION The body carries static electricity and if the person installing the PC400 is not correctly grounded the board could suffer irreversible damage Please follow the instructions outlined below carefully to avoid harming the board Step One Unplug the compu
21. for E1 line line unit_name Name used to identify the board PC400 PC400 prompt Can be changed to identify which board is being Select option Select option accessed gt gt escape char 0x1b is the lt ESC gt key Ox1b Ox1b shortcut char 0x0 turns this feature off 0x0 0x0 username Login name for administrator super super password Password for administrator SUDC SUDC syslog Enables syslog messages indicated enabled enabled line debug user s ystem modem info line debug user s ystem modem info interf1_begin First interface parameters interf_type Indicates line time t1 el clock_mode Normally slave slave slave line_code There are two options each for T1 and E1 lines Ask b8zs hdb3 the service provider frame_mode There are several data framing options for both T1 esf crc4 and E1 line_build_out Applies only to T1 lines Ask the service provider Odb signaling_mode Can be pri ISDN cas or none cas cas FIGURE 4 8 RAS DIAL IN APPLICATION PARAMETERS Chapter A Board and System Configuration 23 Parameter Description Value for T1 Value for E1 line line rx_sensitivity Sensitivity for reception shaul shaul companding_mode There are two options each for T1 and E1 lines Ask ulaw alaw the service provider signaling_type Applies when CAS signaling mode is used Ask the loops r2digital service provider signaling_tone Applies when CAS signaling mode is
22. fter the general instructions guided ex amples are provided to assist in parameter selection Read the example closest to your application if in doubt as to the best value for a parameter STEP ONE If the PC400 driver was compiled as a module and it is desired that the driver be autoloaded when a PC400 device is accessed add the lines below to etc conf modules or etc modules conf depending on the Linux distribution used DI lias char major 214 pc400 alias char major 215 pc400 a IMPORTANT the Cyclades PC400 driver must be loaded before the device is used STEP TWO Next create a text file to store configuration variables or edit the default configuration file etc cyclades pc400 pc400 cfg Only one label and one value per line with a space between the label and the value Blank lines are allowed Examples are shown later in this chapter The parameters are grouped into blocks and applied to each interface channel logical link profile as will be seen below e General parameters define the user interface name and password together with some general options e ISDN PRI profile parameters set trunk information such as telephone numbers and connection type for up to five profiles e DSP profile parameters set the string to be sent to the SAP for up to five profiles Chapter 4 Board and System Configuration 12 e Interface parameters set T1 E1 line specific parameters such as clock mode and signalling type
23. ght column provides the corresponding commands and parameters for make menuconfig cd usr src linux cd usr src linux make config make menuconfig CONFIG_KMOD Y Kernel module loader Select with a or M the option Digital RAS Support in the Activates support for module autoloading Character Devices section then select with a or M the option Cyclades PC400 support CONFIG_PCI Y PCI support Select with the option Kernel module loader in the section CONFIG_DIGITAL_RAS Y or M Loadable module support Digital RAS Support CONFIG_PC400 Y or M After leaving make config or make menuconfig execute the command make dep to set up the dependencies Rebuild and install the new kernel using the method most appropriate to the distribution being used For example in most Linux distributions the default Linux kernel is placed in vmlinuz and then loaded from there For these distributions build the kernel by executing the command make bzlilo If the PC400 driver or any other part of the Linux system was compiled as a module M above pl execute the command We make bzlilo modules modules_install instead of just make bzlilo The installation of the Cyclades PC400 is continued in the next chapter Chapter 3 Software Installation 11 CHAPTER 4 BOARD AND SYSTEM CONFIGURATION This chapter describes the configuration of the Cyclades PC400 A
24. h with root privileges each minute Another option is to use the crontab command to interactively modify the crontab file Its syntax is crontab u user file or crontab u user e l r where e edit user s crontab list user s crontab r delete user s crontab Type man cron and man crontab at the Linux prompt for more information The DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol Client DHCP is a protocol that allows network administrators to assign IP addresses automatically to network devices Without DHCP or a similar protocol like BOOTP each device would have to configured manually DHCP automatically sends a new IP address to a connected device when it is moved to another location on the network DHCP uses the concept of a fixed time period during which the assigned IP address is valid for the device it was assigned for This lease time can vary for each device A short lease time can be used when there are more devices than available IP numbers For more information on how to set your server up as a DHCP client or server see RFC 2131 or the DHCP pages at www linuxdoc org Appendix A Linux 40 Cyclades PC400 Installation Manual Packet Filtering using ipchains The Linux utility ipchains can be used to filter IP packets entering leaving and passing through interfaces An iochains tutorial is beyond the scope of this manual For more information on ipchains see the ipchains man page by typing man ipchains
25. n occasion the line requests that the DSP re load its configuration Sometimes the re load is not successful and the DSP must try many times This parameter determines the number of times the DSP may try to re load its configuration The values range from 0 infinite number of retries to 255 FIG 4 1 GENERAL PARAMETERS Chapter A Board and System Configuration 15 Parameters that define customized ISDN PRI profiles Label Description cnx profile begin Up to 5 different ranges for cnx profile can be configured phone The first phone number of the range with this profile It should not exceed 30 characters and none specifies the null string size range The number of phone numbers in the range with this profile Values range from 1 to 255 No label is equivalent to the value 0 cnx_type Type of incoming call Possible values are analog digital vi10 v120 or a combination of the four separated by the pipe cnx profile end ends definition of customized ISDN PRI profile FIG 4 2 ISDN PRI PROFILE PARAMETERS Parameters that define and apply to DSP profiles Label Description dsp profile begin Marks the beginning of a digital signal processor profile All parameters following this label apply only to this dsp profile until dsp profile end is reached profile id A number between 1 and 5 which labels the dsp profile for later reference config string
26. nation a cp text txt tmp b cp chap robo php excess php Copies the file indicated by file_name to the path indicated by destination a copies the file text txt in the current directory to the tmp directory b copies the file robo php in the chap directory to the current directory and renames the copy excess php rm file_name Removes the file indicated by file_name mv file_name destination Moves the file indicated by file_name to the path indicated by destination mkdir directory_name a mkdir spot b mkdir tmp snuggles Creates a directory named directory_name a creates the directory spot in the current directory b creates the directory snuggles in the directory tmp rmdir directory name Removes the directory indicated by directory name Appendix A Linux 34 Cyclades PC400 Installation Manual Other commands allow the user to change directories and see the contents of a directory pwd Supplies the name of the current directory While logged in the user is always in a directory The default initial directory is the user s home directory nome lt username gt Is options directory name Lists the files and directories within directory name Some useful options are l for more detailed output and a which shows hidden system files cd directory name Changes the directory to the one specified cat file name Prints the contents of file n
27. nstall to run the install script This script will detect the system information kernel version current Cyclades PC400 driver version etc and install the proper driver package files A default configuration file will be placed in etc cyclades pc400 pc400 cfg and is used when usr local sbin pc400util p is executed The following utilities are compiled and installed usr local sbin pc400util usr local sbin pc400load usr local sbin pc400dump usr local sbin pc400hwtest usr local sbin pc400syslog And the firmware is installed in usr local lib pc400 bin If an older version of the PC400 driver already exists the files pc400 c and pc400 h are backed up with modified names in the same directory If a newer version is already installed the files will not be updated with those of the older driver Configure the kernel by executing make config Of make menuconfig kernel and is activated every time the computer is booted M creates the driver as a module which can be loaded or unloaded with a command without the need to reboot the computer Please note the following before beginning the kernel configuration The only difference between selecting Y or M is the following Y or causes the driver to be compiled as part of the Chapter 3 Software Installation 10 The left column presents the commands and parameters that should be followed when using make config The ri
28. om mand pc400util p f lt text file gt The options of this command are pr400util lt g p s S i a lt up down gt gt d device LI lt file default gt Lt lt MMDDYYYYHHMMSS system gt where d device defines the configuration device to be used The possible values are dev ttyCMO to dev ttyCM31 where dev ttyCM31 is a virtual console than can be accessed using Minicom or a similar utility f file use lt file gt as the file argument lt default gt accepts the default parameters g upload current board config to a local file p download config from a local file to the board S get current statistics S get current status a cmd set the device Adm UP or Down t time set date and time on the board Appendix A Linux 38 Cyclades PC400 Installation Manual i get information from the board Syslog The syslog feature can be turned on as an option It runs in background by default Its syntax is pc400syslog d device 1 facility d device defines the syslog device the default is dev ttyCM30 l lt facility gt where lt facility gt is a number between 0 and 7 indicates the local level it sends Syslog messages generated by the PC400 firmware to the Syslogd running on the Linux server It can also be initialized using the rc local file described later The Crond Utility A list of Linux shell commands can be saved in a crontab file and executed at a specific time The crontab command provides a
29. s make dep and then make bzlilo modules modules install again to rebuild the kernel Reboot the computer and see if the boards are detected How to Test if the PC400 is Functioning e The simplest way to test a WAN connection is by pinging Type ping lt IP address of device to be pinged gt If a response is not received from the remote machine there is probably a problem with the link Make sure the remote machine is up by accessing it from another computer before following the directions below What to Do if the PC400 is Detected by the Computer but Does Not Function as Expected e Is the cable properly connected and is the correct cable being used e Type the command ifconfig Do the devices set up for the board in chapter 4 appear e Type the command netstat rn to see the routing table Have you defined a default gateway and or have a route that includes the remote device you are trying to reach Chapter 5 Troubleshooting 28 Cyclades PC400 Hardware Test Installation Manual A menu driven hardware test called pc400hwtest is included with the Cyclades PC400 driver It is executed by typing pc400hwtest at the command line Note that the PC400 should not be tested while in use as the test will inactivate all ports First RAM integrity is checked BOARD 1 root cyclades common pc400hwtest Please wait while program is examining the hardware RAM TEST EDO00000 PCI ED926000 OK Press enter to contin
30. s that define and apply to this logical link interfn 1 end interfn_N_ begin Parameters that define and apply to this logical link interfn N end interf2 end Chapter 4 Board and System Configuration 14 Label Description unit_name Identifies the board The parameter should not exceed 20 characters prompt Specifies the prompt to be used by the virtual console It should not exceed 40 characters escape_char Specifies the escape key to be used by the virtual console It should not exceed one character If the value begins with Ox it is assumed to be in hexadecimal The lt ESC gt key has the value Ox1b shortcut_char Specifies the shortcut key to be used by the virtual console It should not exceed one character If the value begins with Ox it is assumed to be in hexadecimal The value 0x0 turns this feature off username Defines the administrator s login name maximum 19 characters password Sets the administrator s password maximum 19 characters syslog Enables the system log and determines which messages will be displayed The possible values for each of the three parameters are disabled or enabled first parameter line debug user system modem or a combination of them using second parameter and sys alert critical error warning normal info or dbg third parameter A space should appear between each of the three parameters but not within a parameter dsps auto restart O
31. second group 11 15 11 20 channel_group_end End of definition of second channel group interf1 end End of first interface parameters interf2 begin Second interface parameters 000 interf2 end End of second interface parameters dsps auto restart The number of times the DSP should try to re 0 0 load its configuration if requested FIGURE 4 10 MULTIPLE LAN TO LAN APPLICATION PARAMETERS CONT Chapter 4 Board and System Configuration 27 Cyclades PC400 Installation Manual CHAPTER 5 TROUBLESHOOTING General Tips What to Do When the PC400 is Not Recognized by the Operating System e Does the operating system detect the PC400 on boot A message similar to Cyclades PC400 driver lt version gt lt date gt built lt date gt PC400 1 RAM at OxMMMM IRQn 64 channels starting from port 0 PC400 2 RAM at OxMMMM IRQn 64 channels starting from port 64 SEC should appear on boot If not e Is the board properly installed physically Check the connections inside the computer e Does your Linux operating system meet the requirements outlined at the beginning of chapter 3 The kernel version can be discovered by typing the command uname r e The steps in chapter 4 related to the device files should be reviewed and the configuration files checked e Check the configurations modified using make config or make menuconfig details supplied in chapter 3 If they are incorrect execute the command
32. ssary to log in to a Linux system A unique password should be configured as soon as possible to avoid unauthorized access to your network Type the command passwd to create a password for the root user To create a regular user without root privileges use the commands adduser user_name passwd user_password Linux File Structure The Linux file system is organized hierarchically with the base or root directory represented by the symbol All folders and files are nested within each other below this base directory The directories located just below the base directory are Appendix A Linux 33 Cyclades PC400 Installation Manual home Contains the work directories of system users bin Contains applications and utilities used during system initialization dev Contains files for devices and ports etc Contains configuration files specific to the operating system lib Contains shared libraries proc Contains process information mnt Contains information about mounted disks opt Location where packages not supplied with the operating system are stored tmp Location where temporary files are stored usr Contains most of the operating system files var Contains operating system data files Basic File Manipulation Commands The basic file manipulation commands allow the user to copy delete and move files and create and delete directories cp file_name desti
33. ter and remove all cables connecting the computer to other devices Step Two Carry the computer to a workbench or table where an anti static wrist strap is available It is highly recommended that a wrist strap be used Remove the computer cover exposing the boards inside Attach the wrist strap to your wrist N Chapter 2 Hardware Installation 6 Step Three Be careful to not touch any components inside the computer s chassis as they also can be damaged by static electricity Confirm that the wrist strap is grounded If a wrist strap is not available touch a non painted metallic part of a computer plugged in to a wall outlet to remove any excess charge Remove the board from its anti static packaging being careful to not touch the components or metal parts of the board Chapter 2 Hardware Installation Step Four Insert the board carefully into any unused PCI slot so that the external connector is aligned with the opening in the back of the computer Make sure that the board does not touch any metallic parts of the interior of the computer The second bracket of models with two ports should be installed similarly Step Five Fasten the bracket to the back panel of the computer with a screw Replace the computer s cover and replace the screws Now you can remove the wrist strap Chapter 2 Hardware Installation CHAPTER 3 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION The PC400 driver
34. to the command mode i insert text before the cursor position everything to the right of the cursor is shifted right O create a new line below the current line and insert text all lines are shifted down dd remove the entire current line u undo the last modification x delete the letter at the cursor position Now that the file has been modified enter the line mode by typing from the command mode and use one of the following commands w save the file w is for write wq save and close the file q is for quit q close the file without saving w file save the file with the name file e file opens the file named file The Routing Table The static routing table can be seen using the commands route n or Appendix A Linux 36 Cyclades PC400 Installation Manual netstat rn Type man netstat at the Linux prompt for more informations about netstat options Routes should be added to the file proc net route or at the prompt for temporary routes using the following syntax route add del net host target netmask nt msk gw gt wayl interf add del one of these tags must be present routes can be either added or deleted net host net is for routes to a network and host is for routes to a single host target target is the IP address of the destination host or network netmask the tag netmask and a mask are necessary only when subnetting is used Otherwise a
35. ue Application Checking Firmware Integrity CRC OK Then press the lt ENTER gt key to bring up the main screen shown below PC400HWTest Linux Revision 2 0 0 2001 12 12 1 Test Asynchronous Ports 2 Test T1 Channelized Ports 3 Test El DSP Ports 4 Quit Select option gt Chapter 5 Troubleshooting 29 Cyclades PC400 After choosing one of the first three options the global screen appears as shown below Installation Manual Global Test DSP Passes 1741 Board RAM FALC 01 02 DSP U19 U06 U20 U07 1 OK OK OK OK N T NOK NOK lt ESC gt Previous Menu lt G gt Global lt E gt Errors Et Typing E will bring up the errors screen as shown below Chapter 5 Troubleshooting 30 Cyclades PC400 Installation Manual Board Port lt PACKETS gt Test DSP From To From To Sent Received Passes Errors Dot t lt gt E ln ae 1741 1741 O T ee Bo eS 34 LIAL 1741 1741 0 I lt gt Bt lt gt 35 1741 1741 1741 0 1 lt gt 1 4 lt gt 36 1741 1741 1741 0 1 oe Sy Hae ST L741 1741 1741 0 1 lt gt 1 6 lt gt 38 1741 1741 1741 O T lt gt b T lt gt 39 1741 1741 1741 0 1 lt gt 1 3 lt gt 40 1741 1741 1741 0 th ee ZE 9 lt gt EE ITA 1741 1741 O 1 lt gt 1 10 lt gt 42 1741 1741 1741 0 1 lt gt 1 11 lt gt 43 1741 1741 1741 0 eae ER Ee I 1741 1741 1741 O I lt gt 1 34 lt gt 2 1741 1741 1741 0
36. used Ask the mfr1 mfr2c service provider country Choose your country cas only usa brazil interfn 1 begin Logical link parameters its configuration if requested connection type Whether the interface will be used for dial in dial out both both or both phone_num Phone number assigned to channel if any none 301 dsp_profile_id Number that identifies the profile defined elsewhere 1 1 or default interfn 1 end End of logical link parameters 000 interf1 end End of first interface parameters interf2 begin Second interface parameters 000 interf2 end End of second interface parameters dsps_auto_restart The number of times the DSP should try to re load 0 0 FIGURE 4 8 RAS DIAL IN APPLICATION PARAMETERS CONT Chapter A Board and System Configuration Example 2 A LAN to LAN Example Using Channels Affiliate s LAN FTP Channels PR1000 D a Channels 1 10 PR1000 Affiliate s LAN FIGURE 4 9 EXAMPLE OF A MULTIPLE LAN TO LAN APPLICATION The example shown above would be configured using the channelized profile Sample pc400 cfg files are pro vided on the driver diskette for the LAN to LAN application in the directory Config Sample If you have a T1 line use the file 2t1chan3 cfg as a reference if your line is E1 use the file 2e1chan3 cfg Chapter 4 Board and System Configuration 25 Parameter Description Value for T1 Value for E1
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