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Avaya Configuring Differentiated Services (308620-14.20 Rev 00) User's Manual

1. type Table 6 3 Configurable DSQMS Queue Parameters by Queue Type Parameter Priority Weighted average queue gain x x best effort x x byte limit x x cfg pkt limit x x cfg weight x drop type x x flow fairness x x idle queue loss rate x x jitter const x x priority level x priority time quantum x state x x 3 Change the parameters as required dsqms queue 1 serial 2 1 flow fairness enabled dsqms queue 1 serial 2 1 jitter const large dsqms queue 1 serial 2 1 back dsqms serial 2 1 restart set dsqms serial 2 1 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Differentiated Services Changing a DSQMS Classifier s RED Function A DSQMS classifier examines the differentiated services code point DSCP in the packet headers of traffic in a queue and directs the traffic to a particular instance of RED The red id parameter of a dsqms classifier object indicates the RED instance to be used for packets whose DSCPs match the classifier s configured DSCP A value of 0 means that RED is not applicable to traffic that matches this classifier s DSCP To understand the relationship between queues classifiers and RED instances see Figure 2 2 on page 2 8 To modify a DSQMS classifier 1 Navigate to the dsqms classifier object that you want to change on a DSQMS queue box serial 2 1 dsqms dsqms queue 1 dsqms queue 1 serial 2 1 dsqms classifier 00001100 dsqms classifier 00001100 serial 2 1 2 Change the red i
2. 2 6 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Starting Differentiated Services Configuring Queue Management and Scheduling box mce1 To configure queue management and scheduling for differentiated services you must use the BCC configuration tool Figure 2 1 illustrates the BCC configuration hierarchy for queue management and scheduling DSQMS mct1 hssi logical line dsqms queue 1 Differentiated services code point DSCP value serial dsqms red 2 Figure 2 1 dsqms queue 3 dsqms classifier 00001100 dsqms classifier 00010100 dsqms classifier 00100100 dsqms red 1 dsqms red 3 BCC Configuration Hierarchy for QMS How DSQMS Elements Work Together Weighted RED WRED is the ability to assign different drop probabilities to specified traffic flows within the same queue To implement WRED you must first enable the RED algorithm on the router For more information about WRED see Queue Management and Scheduling QMS on page 1 9 After you enable RED configure one or more instances of dsqms red each with different settings Each instance of dsqms red defines a set of attributes for use of the RED function These instances of dsqms red are used by one or more traffic classifiers in one or more managed queues as shown in Figure 2 2 308620 14 20 Rev 00 2 7 Configuring Differentiated Services The traffic classifiers within a
3. Configuring Static Traffic Filters for Differentiated Services e For information about customizing COPS refer to Chapter 5 Customizing COPS e For information about customizing queue management refer to Chapter 6 Customizing Queue Management and Scheduling 308620 14 20 Rev 00 4 1 Configuring Differentiated Services Modifying a Differentiated Services Interface You can modify the configuration type static or COPS of a differentiated services interface specify which debug messages for an interface are stored in the router s event log and specify an idle timer for URL filters For instructions on adding differentiated services to an IP interface see Starting Differentiated Services Using the BCC on page 2 3 or Starting Differentiated Services Using Site Manager on page 2 5 Note If you want to change the configuration type from static to COPS see Enabling COPS on page 2 4 If you want to change the configuration type from COPS to static read the instructions in this section and then go to Chapter 3 Configuring Static Traffic Filters for Differentiated Services Using the BCC To modify a differentiated services interface 1 Navigate to the diffserv context on the IP interface for example box serial 3 1 ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 diffserv ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 04 diffserv diffserv 2 2 2 2 2 Enter one or more of the following commands config type static cops
4. Configuring Differentiated Services Disabling and Reenabling COPS on the Router You can temporarily disable and then reenable COPS on the router Using the BCC To disable COPS on all interfaces 1 Navigate to the top level box or stack prompt 2 Disable COPS box disable cops box To reenable COPS on all interfaces 1 Navigate to the box or stack prompt 2 Reenable COPS box enable cops box Using Site Manager To disable and reenable COPS on the router complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Protocols menu opens choose Protocols 2 Choose Global Protocols The Global Protocols menu opens 3 Choose COPS Client The COPS Client menu opens 4 Choose COPS Global The Edit COPS Global Parameters window opens 5 Set the Enable parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 7 6 Click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window 5 12 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Deleting COPS from the Router Customizing COPS You can delete COPS from the router completely if you no longer plan to use policy servers Using the BCC To delete COPS from the router 1 Navigate to the top level box or stack prompt 2 Delete COPS box delete cops box Using Site Manager To delete COPS from the router complete the following tasks Site Manage
5. 308620 14 20 Rev 00 2 1 Configuring Differentiated Services Planning for a Differentiated Services Network This guide primarily explains how to configure a Nortel Networks router as a differentiated services edge device For the router to successfully operate in a differentiated services network you must obtain the following information before you configure differentiated services on the router e The IP address of the policy server e The COPS client IP address and ID of the router Provide this information to the administrator configuring the policy server Starting Configuration Tools Before you configure differentiated services refer to the following user guides for instructions on how to start and use the Nortel Networks configuration tool of your choice You must use the BCC to configure queue management and scheduling Using the Bay Command Console BCC e Configuring and Managing Routers with Site Manager These guides also describe generally how to create and modify a device configuration Preparing a Configuration File Before starting differentiated services you must create and save a configuration file with at least one IP interface The physical interface can be any LAN port for example Ethernet or token ring For information about creating a configuration file see Quick Starting Routers You can start differentiated services using the BCC or Site Manager 2 2 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Star
6. Number of dropped octets show dsqms interfaces stats The show dsqms interfaces stats command displays a table of interfaces where DSQMS is configured or information on a specific interface if you use the filter flag with a subset of the information from the show dsqms interfaces details command This command allows the following command filter flag and argument circuit circuit no Displays information about the specified circuit only The output includes the following information Cct Pkt Count Byte Count Xmit Pkts Xmit Bytes Dropped Pkts Dropped Bytes Name of the circuit Number of packets queued Number of octets queued Number of packets transmitted Number of octets transmitted Number of dropped packets Number of dropped octets C 8 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Using BCC show Commands show dsqms interfaces summary The show dsqms interfaces summary command displays a table of interfaces where DSQMS is configured or specific information based on the filter that you use with a subset of the information from the show dsqms interfaces details command This command allows the following command filter flags and arguments circuit circuit no state enabled disabled status active inactive notpresent Displays information about the specified interface only Displays information about only the interfaces where DSQMS is either enabled or disabled depending upon the argument pr
7. Add Default None Options A valid IP address Function Identifies the COPS server Instructions Enter the IP address of the COPS server MIB Object ID Not applicable Static Traffic Filter Parameters When you click on the Traffic Filt button in the DiffServ Interface List window see Figure A 1 on page A 2 the DiffServ Static Filters window opens Figure A 7 From this window you can configure traffic filters Done Apply Template Create EddiE Delete Values Help Filter Enable Filter Name Filter Precedence Figure A 7 DiffServ Static Filters Window A 16 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Site Manager Parameters When you click on Template in the DiffServ Static Filters window Figure A 7 and then click on Create the Create DiffServ Template window opens Figure A 8 Create DiffServ Template Window From this window you can configure filter criteria and actions There are many criteria that you can add to a filter For more information about filters see Chapter 3 Configuring Static Traffic Filters for Differentiate Q7 308620 14 20 Rev 00 A 17 Configuring Differentiated Services The URL string criterion is unique to differentiated services For the filter criteria you can add the following actions Log e Drop e Accept DiffServ Set Field DiffServ Set Police Note Log is the only action that you can combine with other actions For example you cannot co
8. Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols Choose Global Protocols The Protocols menu opens The Global Protocols menu opens Choose COPS Client The COPS Client menu opens Choose COPS Servers The COPS Server List window opens Select the server that you want to modify a alalo nr Set the Remote TCP Port parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 14 Click on Apply 8 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 308620 14 20 Rev 00 5 9 Configuring Differentiated Services Disabling and Reenabling a COPS Server You can temporarily disable and then reenable a COPS server Using the BCC To disable a COPS server 1 Navigate to the COPS server that you want to disable for example box cops cops server 192 1 1 1 Disable the server cops server 192 1 1 1 State disabled cops server 192 1 1 1 To reenable a COPS server 1 Navigate to the COPS server that you want to reenable 2 Reenable the COPS server cops server 192 1 1 1 state enabled cops server 192 1 1 1 Using Site Manager To disable and reenable a COPS server complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols System responds The Protocols menu opens Choose
9. debug level extra debug filter maintenance interaction with cops ip interaction trigger event url idleout timer integer integer is the amount of time in seconds that the router waits before a dynamic URL filter on the next hop interface is deleted Refer to the parameter description for Debug Log Mask hex on page A 3 for a description of the debug level parameters For example the following commands configure the router to send trigger messages to the event log and set the URL timeout to 240 seconds diffserv 2 2 2 2 debug level trigger events diffserv 2 2 2 2 url idleout timer 240 diffserv 2 2 2 2 4 2 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Customizing Differentiated Services Using Site Manager To modify a differentiated services interface complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Protocols menu opens choose Protocols 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose DiffServ The DiffServ menu opens 4 Choose Interfaces The DiffServ Interface List window opens 5 Select the interface that you want to modify 6 Set the following parameters Config Type e Debug Log Mask hex URL Idle Out Timer Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 3 7 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 308620 14 20 Rev 00 4 3 Configuring Differen
10. 6 Select the filter that you want to edit and The Edit DiffServ Filters window opens click on Edit 7 Select a URL and click on Modify The Edit URL window opens 8 Make any modifications then click on OK You return to the Edit DiffServ Filters window 9 Click on OK You return to the DiffServ Static Filters window 10 Click on Done until you return to the Configuration Manager window Where to Go Next After you complete the steps in this chapter differentiated services traffic filters should be operating on at least one interface To customize the differentiated services configuration go to Chapter 4 Customizing Differentiated Services To customize DSQMS go to Chapter 6 Customizing Queue Management and Scheduling 3 22 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Chapter 4 Customizing Differentiated Services When you enable differentiated services default values are in effect for all parameters Depending on your network requirements you may want to change these values This chapter describes how to customize your differentiated services configuration and includes the following topics Topic Page Modifying a Differentiated Services Interface 4 2 Disabling and Reenabling Differentiated Services 4 4 Deleting a Differentiated Services Interface 4 6 Additional customization information is available e For information about customizing static traffic filters refer to Chapter 3
11. Customizing Queue Management and Scheduling Modifying a DSQMS Queue Table 6 2 lists the parameters that you can set to customize a differentiated services queue on an interface Table 6 2 Customizable DSQMS Queue Parameters Parameter Values Function average queue percentage Specifies the percentage of buffer capacity that must fill for 1 second gain default 30 or more for DSQMS to compute a larger average queue size for use best effort no default by RED Specifies whether to use this queue for best effort traffic By default yes DSQMS selects the weighted queue with the lowest configured weight as the best effort queue if all weighted queues have the same weight the last one created becomes the best effort queue If priority queues only are configured on the interface DSQMS selects the queue with the lowest priority if all queues have the same priority the last one created becomes the best effort queue Use this parameter to override the default selection and select a different best effort queue byte limit integer Indicates the maximum number of bytes that this queue can hold The default 0 value 0 indicates that this queue is limited only by global memory cfg pkt limit integer Indicates the maximum number of packets that this queue can hold default 0 The value 0 indicates that this queue is limited only by global memory cfg weight integer 1 through Indicates the ratio of this queue to the sum o
12. 1 7 Figure 2 1 BCC Configuration Hierarchy for QMS ssssssseeee 2 7 Figure 2 2 Relationship Between QMS Objects Weighted RED Implementation 2 8 Figure A 1 DiffServ Interface List Window cccceceeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeaeeeteaeeeeeaeees A 2 Figure A 2 DiffServ Interface Record Window sssssseeeee A 5 Figure A 3 Edit DiffServ Global Parameters Window sseeeenee A 6 Figure A 4 Edit COPS Global Parameters Window sese A 7 Figure A 5 COPS Server List VEIIOOW 2 eese te E bta da sER ta t2 ds ennaa A 9 Figure A 6 COPS Server Record Window 15 reete rente Ente kac naiinis A 15 Figure A 7 DiffServ Static Filters Window sessssssseeeennes A 16 Figure A 8 Create DiffServ Template Window eseseeseeeeeeeennenn A 17 Figure As DS Field WIDE Laetare aae AEAN A PENAN Ets A 18 Figure A9 DS Police Window isisisi de bina A Bark Liao A xeu RR Md Rap Sd A 19 Figure amp T1 dd URL VAINIO cisrenan aeiaai Pto onda adiaiiis A 23 Figure B 1 Differentiated Services Network Using Dynamic Filters B 2 Figure B 2 Differentiated Services Network Using Static Filters B 6 308620 14 20 Rev 00 xi Tables Table 3 1 TCP and UDP Match Criteria Parameters sseseesesees 3 8 Table 3 2 Common TCP Ports and Common UDP Ports sccccccccecsessssssss
13. 5 5 server records modifying 5 4 parameters A 15 tcp keepalive max retry 5 6 tcp keepalive timer 5 6 tcp rto 5 6 core network device description 1 3 criteria for static filters 3 2 3 4 customer support xix D debug level for QMS 6 4 Debug Log Mask parameter A 3 default configuration starting 2 1 deficit round robin DRR QMS description 1 10 Index 1 deleting COPS from the router 5 13 COPS server 5 11 differentiated services interface 4 6 4 7 unused DSQMS RED entries 6 9 differentiated services configuration examples B 1 description 1 1 enabling using Site Manager 2 5 enabling using the BCC 2 3 interfaces deleting 4 6 disabling 4 4 4 5 modifying 4 2 methods for installing filters 1 1 network devices 1 2 network planning 2 2 starting a default configuration 2 1 starting using Site Manager 2 5 starting using the BCC 2 3 differentiated services code point See DSCP drop type QMS 6 5 DRR deficit round robin QMS description 1 10 DS field configuration 3 21 A 18 description 1 1 marking by filters 1 6 match criterion 3 10 DS police configuration 3 21 A 19 DSCP described 2 8 match criterion 3 10 dynamic filter description 1 8 E edge router description 1 3 Enable parameter COPS A 7 A 10 global A 6 interface A 3 Index 2 F filters COPS enabling using Site Manager 2 6 enabling using the BCC 2 4 installation 1 5 filter IDs 1 4
14. commit commands with the MIB object ID This process is equivalent to modifying parameters using Site Manager For more information about using the Technician Interface to access the MIB see Using Technician Interface Software Caution The Technician Interface does not verify the validity of your parameter values Entering an invalid value can corrupt your configuration Interface List Parameters The DiffServ Interface List window Figure A 1 contains the parameters for the differentiated services interfaces These parameters let you enable an interface and determine its configuration type v Interface 1 Enable Debug Log Mask hex Config Type URL Idle Out Timer Figure A 1 DiffServ Interface List Window A 2 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Site Manager Parameters Enable Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces Enabled Enabled Disabled Enables or disables differentiated services on this interface After you configure a differentiated services interface this parameter is enabled by default To disable differentiated services on this interface without deleting it select Disabled 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 26 2 1 2 Debug Log Mask hex Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces 0x0
15. recommended If you plan to delete an unused dsqms red instance make sure that it is no longer in use by entering the show dsqms classifiers command at any BCC prompt To delete a dsqms red instance navigate to the RED prompt and enter the following command specifying the appropriate dsqms red instance ID box red red delete dsqms red 3 red To delete RED enter the following command box delete red box All dsqms red instances are deleted automatically 308620 14 20 Rev 00 6 9 Appendix A Site Manager Parameters This appendix contains the Site Manager parameter descriptions for differentiated services You can display the same information using Site Manager online Help This appendix contains the following information Topic Interface List Parameters Interface Record Parameter Differentiated Services Global Parameter COPS Global Parameters COPS Server List Parameters COPS Server Record Parameters e zy Static Traffic Filter Parameters E o For each parameter this appendix provides the following information Parameter name Configuration Manager menu path Default setting Valid parameter options Parameter function Instructions for setting the parameter Management information base MIB object ID 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Differentiated Services The Technician Interface allows you to modify attributes by issuing set and
16. source network 192 32 37 101 Source network filter E31 MrkGrp 1 192 32 37 106 192 32 37 101 amp back match ds filter E31 MrkGrp_1 192 32 37 106 back ds filter E31 MrkGrp 1 192 32 37 10684 actions actions ds filter E31 MrkGrp 1 192 32 37 1068 info action accept action log off mark value not set actions ds filter E31 MrkGrp 1 192 32 37 10648 action mark actions ds filter E31 MrkGrp 1 192 32 37 1064 mark value 10101000 actions ds filter E31 MrkGrp 1 192 32 37 1068 info action mark action log off mark value 10101000 actions ds filter E31 MrkGrp_1 192 32 37 106 box Configuring RED on the Router The following commands add RED to the router and create a set of attributes dsqms red 1 object that can be associated with traffic classifiers on an interface this association is shown in Configuring a Weighted Queue on an Outbound Interface on page B 13 boxi red red dsqms red 1 dsqms red 1 info first order const 1 id 1 max threshold 80 min threshold 20 second order const 10 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuration Examples The min threshold parameter defines the buffer percentage at which RED begins dropping packets The max threshold parameter defines the buffer percentage at which point RED drops all packets The following commands change the default values for these parameters for dsqms red 1 dsqms red 1 min threshold 40 Change min threshold value to 40 dsqms red 1 max threshold 85 Change max threshold
17. 20 Rev 00 Configuring Differentiated Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Remote TCP Port Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers 3288 1 to 65535 Specifies the remote TCP port of the COPS server In most cases accept the default TCP port 3288 If the policy server application operates on a port that is different from the default specify a different port number 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 2 1 13 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Site Manager Parameters COPS Server Record Parameters IP Address Priority The COPS Server Record window Figure A 6 contains the parameters that tell the router how to communicate with the COPS servers With the exception of the IP Address parameter described on page A 16 the parameters in this window are the same as those in the COPS Server List window see Figure A 5 on page A 9 See COPS Server List Par descriptions imeters beginning on page A 9 for parameter Connection Retry Period Connection Retry Count KeepAlive Time Period Report Time Period TCP KeepAlive Interval TCP KeepAlive RTO TCP KeepAlive Max Retry Cnt Remote TCP Port Figure A 6 COPS Server Record Window 308620 14 20 Rev 00 A 15 Configuring Differentiated Services Parameter IP Address Path Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers
18. AND AGREES TO BE BOUND BY ITS TERMS AND CONDITIONS LICENSEE FURTHER AGREES THAT THIS AGREEMENT IS THE ENTIRE AND EXCLUSIVE AGREEMENT BETWEEN NORTEL NETWORKS AND LICENSEE WHICH SUPERSEDES ALL PRIOR ORAL AND WRITTEN AGREEMENTS AND COMMUNICATIONS BETWEEN THE PARTIES PERTAINING TO THE SUBJECT MATTER OF THIS AGREEMENT NO DIFFERENT OR ADDITIONAL TERMS WILL BE ENFORCEABLE AGAINST NORTEL NETWORKS UNLESS NORTEL NETWORKS GIVES ITS EXPRESS WRITTEN CONSENT INCLUDING AN EXPRESS WAIVER OF THE TERMS OF THIS AGREEMENT iv 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Contents Preface Berre TWB LEM E E D E XV TE up es cars acc xvi PODER aor ere ret Pret n pep PAR Up VCI ee RE Ea Ra EER ee xviii ururedu NIC ei M i eet RE xix s aic duco eer xix Chapter 1 Differentiated Services Overview Implementing Differentiated Sorvibes ciiin retten rrt nunc ten reae vex sas E peKR 1 1 Components of a Differentiated Services Network sssssseseeeeeee 1 2 Communicating with the OPS Policy Server sscccccsc ccseccassisetssccnencntestsnnceneadessenaenaasersie 1 4 Marking Packets for Specifi Gerits 1e nets tence iaioa 1 5 TBa gt MEE E eer ere eer UM er E emia 1 8 Queue Management and Scheduling QMS cccsccceceeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeseeeeeesseeeees 1 9 Queue Management Using WRED c cccecceeseeeeeeeeeeeeaeeceaeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeenaeeseeeeeaeeees 1 9 Queue Seheduling Del DAR 1s vecesescsvacseerze
19. AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE In addition the program and information contained herein are licensed only pursuant to a license agreement that contains restrictions on use and disclosure that may incorporate by reference certain limitations and notices imposed by third parties ii 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Nortel Networks NA Inc Software License Agreement NOTICE Please carefully read this license agreement before copying or using the accompanying software or installing the hardware unit with pre enabled software each of which is referred to as Software in this Agreement BY COPYING OR USING THE SOFTWARE YOU ACCEPT ALL OF THE TERMS AND CONDITIONS OF THIS LICENSE AGREEMENT THE TERMS EXPRESSED IN THIS AGREEMENT ARE THE ONLY TERMS UNDER WHICH NORTEL NETWORKS WILL PERMIT YOU TO USE THE SOFTWARE If you do not accept these terms and conditions return the product unused and in the original shipping container within 30 days of purchase to obtain a credit for the full purchase price 1 License grant Nortel Networks NA Inc Nortel Networks grants the end user of the Software Licensee a personal nonexclusive nontransferable license a to use the Software either on a single computer or if applicable on a single authorized device identified by host ID for which it was originally acquired b to copy the
20. Computer Software clause at DFARS 252 227 7013 Notwithstanding any other license agreement that may pertain to or accompany the delivery of this computer software the rights of the United States Government regarding its use reproduction and disclosure are as set forth in the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52 227 19 Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design operational function and or reliability Nortel Networks NA Inc reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice Nortel Networks NA Inc does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product s or circuit layout s described herein Portions of the code in this software product may be Copyright 1988 Regents of the University of California All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms of such portions are permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation advertising materials and other materials related to such distribution and use acknowledge that such portions of the software were developed by the University of California Berkeley The name of the University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from such portions of the software without specific prior written permission SUCH PORTIONS OF THE SOFTWARE ARE PROVIDED AS IS
21. Parameters qdstieatmvad viec aed hid vati paa Pl Ca LA Va CR 3 14 cpacitving Thi LOG ACON 3s ieta d pb n FPpA ES EA 3 15 Disabling and Reenabling Traffic Filters 3 16 So guke diere ga e n a RPM TE o 3 16 vi 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Creating Static Filters Using Site Manager ssessssseeeeeeeeeeennenn 3 17 ducc sud E 1T DULL 3 17 Applying the Template to a Filter cens 3 19 Configuring Filters for HTTP Packets eesseseeeeeseneeneeeennmeennennnn 3 20 Customizing The Acton of Traffie FIGIG seirinin Env Ioa Er eaten 3 21 eit URL Maith Criteria NETT 3 22 E AE sh Ae TTC TENES 3 22 Chapter 4 Customizing Differentiated Services Modifying a Differentiated Services Interface ssssssssssssseneee 4 2 Disabling and Reenabling Differentiated Services ssssseeeeee 4 4 Deleting a Differentiated Services Interface sessssssseeseeeeenee 4 6 Chapter 5 Customizing COPS Modifying COPS Global Parameters sseseseeseesess E E E 5 2 Adding COPS DEINES e C i nary eet ney teehee O AEON EEA NANE 5 3 PRI COPS SONAR mennina ia E 5 4 Maditying the COPS COT IDE a iere cip eo Etre ebbe earns a Orts Pa NAREN 5 5 Maintaining the TCP Connection to the Server esses 5 7 Changing the Remote TOP Lg Ne m 5 9 Disabling and Reenabling a COPS Server essen 5 10 Deleg
22. RON Select the interface that you want to modify and click on Traffic Filt The DiffServ Static Filters window opens Click on Template The Filter Template Management window opens Click on Create The Create DiffServ Template window opens Type a name for the template in the Filter Name field 9 Choose Criteria The Criteria menu opens 10 Choose Add The Add menu opens continued 308620 14 20 Rev 00 3 17 Configuring Differentiated Services Site Manager Procedure continued You do this 11 Add one or more filter criteria System responds 12 Choose Action The Action menu opens 13 Choose Add 14 To select the DS field for the filter action choose DiffServ Set Field and set a value for the DS field 00000000 through 11111111 See DS Field on page A 18 for more information 15 To select the DiffServ Police for the filter action choose DiffServ Set Police and set the following parameters e Token Bucket Rate Kbps Token Bucket Size Bits e Inprofile Marking e Out of Profile Marking Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 20 Accept the default values for the other parameters The Add menu opens 16 Click on Save You return to the Create DiffServ Template window 17 Click on OK You return to the Filter Template Management window 18 Click on Done You retur
23. S TCP open I gt PC data AER HTTP BLN 1 BLN 3 forms Client server AN 4 PC Client DFS0003A Figure B 2 Differentiated Services Network Using Static Filters B 6 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuration Examples Configuring the Router Using Site Manager For the network in Figure B 2 you must configure a static traffic filter on the router The tables provide instructions on how to access the appropriate Site Manager windows and configure the specific filter parameters Only those parameters that you must change from the default value are listed If a parameter is not included it means that you can accept the default value The traffic filter that you need to configure uses the DS police action After you configure the DS police action the router will know how to mark packets for transmission through the network to the client Configure a Differentiated Services Interface To configure a differentiated services interface on BLN 1 complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Add Circuit window opens click on an IP interface connector 2 Accept the default circuit name or entera The Select Protocols window opens new name then click on OK 3 Scroll through the list of protocols and The IP Configuration window opens choose DiffServ then click on OK 4 Enter 192 32 9 7 in the IP Address The DiffServ Interface Li
24. The COPS client uses the Transmission Control Protocol TCP to communicate with the policy server The COPS client can connect to only one server at a time choosing the server from a list of servers that you define When the router requests a filter from the policy server the server responds with its own request to perform one or more of the following actions e Install a new filter e Update an existing filter e Disable or enable an existing filter e Delete an existing filter For each request the COPS client on the router takes the necessary action and then sends an acknowledgment back to the policy server The policy server can also send unsolicited requests If an interface on the router becomes inactive or terminates the COPS client deletes all filters from that interface After the interface recovers the router needs to request the filters from the policy server again If the connection to the policy server is temporarily lost the COPS client software attempts to reconnect to the server In this case the router does not delete the filters The policy server assigns an ID to each filter before it installs the filter on the router The policy server can then change an installed filter based on that ID If the policy server requests an update or the removal of a nonexistent filter the router ignores the request and sends an error message to the policy server You can view the filters installed by the policy server using the rout
25. The dynamic filter is deleted if there is no data activity during the time period specified by the URL idle out timer The original URL filter remains installed on the router For information about setting the URL idle out timer see Modifying a Differentiated Services Interface on page 4 2 Note Even if you configure URL filters manually static configuration the differentiated services application uses COPS to install the dynamic filter URL filters are the only filters that create these dynamic filters You must configure differentiated services on all possible next hop interfaces on the router or at least on all next hop interfaces where the HTTP servers can reside Otherwise the router will not be able to mark the return packets 1 8 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Differentiated Services Overview Queue Management and Scheduling QMS BayRS includes queue management and scheduling QMS mechanisms to support differentiated services The weighted random early detection WRED algorithm is used for queue management to drop packets selectively based on packet preference A queue scheduling algorithm called deficit round robin DRR provides fair queuing Queue Management Using WRED Random early detection RED is a popular algorithm for queue management RED is an active queue management algorithm that drops packets when congestion is detected before a queue becomes full RED allows selective dropping of packets RED wo
26. a COPS Bele caste iati eplienu DRM n dave ind rbi REP DU PEU EEUE 5 11 Disabling and Reenabling COPS on the Router 5 12 Deleting COPS from the Router srcani kannaa ansi deraa E ataa 5 13 Chapter 6 Customizing Queue Management and Scheduling Modiiving RED PSIBITIBUETS cassia a ee 6 2 Activating DSQMS Configuration Changes on an Interface sesessssss 6 3 Configuring DSQMS to Dequeue Packets at Line Rate sssesssesess 6 3 Modifying the DSQMS Debug Level on an Interface sssessssseeseee 6 4 Moding a DSOMS USUS esiis ii Miei oM tta tbi Me RU Rb bated QUE PAD IEEE A 6 5 Changing a DSQMS Classifiers RED Function eese 6 8 Disabling DSQMS on an Interface esssessssssseeseeseesee senten nennen nitent nn 6 8 308620 14 20 Rev 00 vii Disabling a Single DSQMS QUBUS uie pip Fire Ge Fee PEPYEHE HEY Cert EHE SE rH PI poA 6 9 Deleting Unused degma red ENIGOS 3 1 c rtesusecku beta d ucku he rH a HER Rhea gU o EE narani Rada RSEN 6 9 Appendix A Site Manager Parameters Interface List Parameters uiui rsasuasx teretes cea act peso d aus EK SEEDEN EEEREN A 2 Interface Record Parameter HP A 5 Differentiated Services Global Parameter ssssessssssseseseeeeen nennen A 6 COPS Glgbal Parallels cop qais e tuis t Idas Feud osx Paid oso piece id bebe da AM
27. advantage of prior DS field marking in your network 3 10 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Static Traffic Filters for Differentiated Services To filter on the DS field go to the match prompt for example box ethernet 2 1 ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 diffserv traffic filter nortel match and enter the following command ds field lt octet gt octet specifies a binary DSCP from 00000000 through 11111100 Differentiated services does not use the last two bits of the octet Example DS Field Criterion To match packets with a DSCP value of 11100000 enter the following command match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 ds field 11100000 match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 Specifying URLs As Match Criteria To filter on URLs go to the match prompt for example box ethernet 2 1 ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 diffserv traffic filter nortel match and enter the following command urls first url second url last url first url and the arguments that follow specify one or more URLs to filter When specifying multiple URLs separate each one with a space Example URL Criteria match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 urls www nortelnetworks com www nortel com match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 Specifying TCP Established Match Criteria By default the router does not filter packets on the ACK and RESET bits in the TCP header To allow the router to filter packets with the ACK and RESET bits go to the match prompt for example box e
28. an IP traffic filter that drops every packet that has a value of 192 at offset 96 from the beginning of the IP header match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 user defined reference start ip header offset 96 bitwidth 16 range 0192 user defined filter nortel 2 2 2 2 start ip header 96 16 01924 back match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 24 back ds filter nortel 2 2 2 24 actions actions ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 action drop actions ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 3 12 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Static Traffic Filters for Differentiated Services Specifying the Action of Traffic Filters By default the action of each differentiated services traffic filter is to accept the packet if it matches all the filter s match criteria You can use the mark and police actions to change per hop behavior of filtered traffic and to classify traffic for RED protocol prioritization in DSQMS To change the filtering actions navigate to the actions prompt for example box ethernet 2 1 ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 diffserv traffic filter nortel actions and specify one or more of the actions described in Table 3 4 Table 3 4 Actions for DiffServ Traffic Filters Action Command Syntax Description accept action accept The router processes any packet that matches the filter criteria and ranges This value is the default action drop action drop The router does not route any packet that matches the filter criteria and ranges mark action mark The router change
29. but you have the cost and effort of maintaining a server Conversely if you manually configure filters you must configure each router separately but you do not have the added cost of maintaining a server Components of a Differentiated Services Network A differentiated services network includes the following devices Host Resides at the sending and receiving point in the network The host is the device that requests service from the network OPS policy server An OPS policy server installs flow filters on the edge router These filters tell the router how to process incoming packets The flow filter identifies packets that belong to a specific data flow and designates how packets that match the filter should be marked The edge device and the policy server communicate using the COPS protocol The OPS policy server is the COPS server and the edge router is the COPS client The policy server resides inside the ISP or enterprise network It provides policy admission control which administers network services and user authentication functions The policy server monitors which data flows are assigned to a user and whether an application should have network access In addition the policy server polices data flows to limit the amount of high priority traffic in the network This policing prevents network resources from becoming overburdened 1 2 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Differentiated Services Overview e Edge router The edge ro
30. by specifying changes to the DSCP in the packet header Filter Actions The filter action determines what happens to packets that match the filter criteria You can configure differentiated services traffic filters to perform the following actions e Log For every packet that matches the filter entry the router enters a message in the event log You can specify this action together with other actions e Accept The router forwards a packet without marking it e Drop The router does not route any packet that matches the filter criteria Mark the Site Manager DiffServ Set Field command The router sets the DS byte in the IP header for all packets that match the filter criteria Police the Site Manager DiffServ Set Police command The router monitors the packet flow and determines whether that packet is in or out of the profile If the packet fits the profile the router sets the DS byte For every packet that matches the filter criteria the router sends an entry to the system event log if you configure the log action 8 4 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Static Traffic Filters for Differentiated Services Creating Static Filters Using the BCC To create a differentiated services traffic filter on a differentiated services interface enter the following command traffic filter filter name name precedence number name is the name of the new differentiated services traffic filter number is a
31. detail The show diffserv traffic filter detail command lists filters and their configured match and action parameters Use the show diffserv traffic filter summary command along with this command to view all information about a traffic filter This command allows the following command filter flags and arguments precedence integer Displays information about traffic filters with the specified interface ip address name lt string gt state enabled disabled status active inactive type static cops precedence level Displays information about traffic filters for the specified interface Displays information about the traffic filter with the specified name Displays information about only the traffic filters that are enabled or disabled depending upon the argument provided Displays information about only the traffic filters that are active or inactive depending upon the argument provided Displays information about only the static or COPS traffic filters depending upon the argument provided The output includes the following information Filter Match Action Name of the traffic filter Match criteria configured for the filter such as source or destination ports DS field or URLs Actions taken on matching traffic including policing parameters show diffserv traffic filter summary The show diffserv traffic filter summary command displays a table of filters and their basic c
32. effort Depending upon filter action DiffServ may mark packets for protocol prioritization 2 There is a filter match and the differentiated services application is notified 3 Router examines filter action specified in policy obtained from policy server 4 Differentiated services application applies actions to packets meeting the filter Figure 1 3 criteria DFS0005A Nortel Networks Differentiated Services Architecture 308620 14 20 Rev 00 1 7 Configuring Differentiated Services URL Filters The router can filter and mark Hypertext Transfer Protocol HTTP traffic based on uniform resource locator URL strings For the router to use a URL filter the filter must be installed by the policy server or configured manually The filter must contain the URL string and optionally any of the following information e Source IP address Destination IP address Destination port the default port is 80 Only the URL string is required but for efficient data transmission it is useful to also include one of the other filter criteria After the flow filters are configured on the router the router can mark inbound HTTP traffic for transmission through the network If the router receives data that matches a URL filter the router installs another filter called the dynamic filter on the next hop interface which is an interface on this same router The dynamic filter is available for the duration of the HTTP session
33. incoming traffic with a DSCP 2 Addthe RED algorithm to the router and configure a dsqms red object that contains the values for drop probability 3 Configure a WAN serial interface to support two DSQMS traffic queues that each have one traffic classifier The traffic classifiers handle outgoing traffic that is marked with a particular DSCP value one classifier acts on the same DSCP value that is implemented using the differentiated services traffic filter configured on the Ethernet interface Note For more information about configuring traffic filters see Chapter 3 Configuring Static Traffic Filters for Differentiated Services For more information about any parameter shown in this section see Chapter 6 Customizing Queue Management and Scheduling 308620 14 20 Rev 00 B 11 Configuring Differentiated Services Configuring a Differentiated Services Traffic Filter on an Inbound Interface The following commands enable differentiated services on an Ethernet interface and create a traffic filter to mark the DSCP field of incoming traffic that matches the filter criteria This traffic will be scheduled according to its DSCP field on the serial interface configured on page B 13 box eth 3 1 ethernet 3 1 ip 192 32 37 106 255 255 255 224 ip 192 32 37 106 255 255 255 2244 diffserv diffserv 192 32 37 106 traffic filter E31 MrkGrp 1 ds filter E31 MrkGrp 1 192 32 37 1064 match match ds filter E31 MrkGrp_1 192 32 37 106
34. is terminated If this value is set to 0 the router sends only one keepalive packet tcp keepalive 0 through 65535 Specifies the time period between the transmission timer seconds of keepalive packets that the router sends across a default 60 TCP connection tcp rto 0 through 65535 Specifies the keepalive retransmit timeout RTO seconds period This is the interval during which the router default 60 sends unacknowledged keepalive packets If the tcp keepalive timer is set to 0 the router ignores this timer For example the following commands set the time between retries to 15 seconds the time period between sending keepalive messages to 45 seconds the time between reports to 480 seconds 8 minutes and the number of retries to 5 1 connection timer 15 14 keepalive timer 45 1 report timer 480 1 retry counter 5 cops server 192 cops server 192 cops server 192 cops server 192 PRPPRR PRPPRR cops server 192 1 Using Site Manager To customize how the router connects to a COPS server complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens Choose Global Protocols The Global Protocols menu opens Choose COPS Client The COPS Client menu opens Choose COPS Servers The COPS Server List window opens a RIOIm Select the server
35. name preferably one that identifies its function e An optional filter precedence value You create differentiated services traffic filters on a differentiated services interface You can apply a traffic filter template to the filter if you are working in Site Manager Traffic filter templates and traffic filters contain the following components e Criteria The portion of the incoming packet frame or datagram header to be examined e Ranges Numeric values often addresses to be compared with the contents of examined packets e Actions What happens to packets that match the criteria and ranges specified in the traffic filter 3 2 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Static Traffic Filters for Differentiated Services Filter Precedence To specify a traffic filter s relative priority among other traffic filters applied to the differentiated services interface you assign the traffic filter a precedence value If you do not explicitly assign a precedence when you create the traffic filter the software automatically assigns a precedence equal to the highest priority value plus 1 For example if a differentiated services interface has only two traffic filters one with a precedence of 2 and the other with a precedence of 3 and you assign a new filter without explicitly identifying a precedence the software assigns a precedence of 4 to the newly added filter To avoid the need to explicitly assign precedence numbers assign th
36. pi UAE A 7 COPS Server List Pare IN ous iiie ion iu one india ioo itecto ee tb ndis uite eua A 9 COPS Server Record Parameters cccccccccccccccssssssseseceeeceeceeseeeseseeaeeeeeeeeeeeeeessesseaees A 15 Statice Traffic Filler PalaiTielel e iascen eode bert aor een asserta decas iiaia aaa AMAA A 16 DS Fio s RR TNT A 18 DS Police PATSITIBEGES enine eet n LEER Ann cine EEEE RADNA NEREA A 19 HTTP ae i ea a m c E E A 23 Appendix B Configuration Examples Differentiated Services Network Using Dynamic Filters eseeseeeesss B 2 Configuring the Router Using Site Manager ssssseeeeeee B 3 Configure a Differentiated Services Interface sssussesssss B 4 dap jeg cerir te ccc neat mee al Sate matin sce tac aos E E canter B 4 Contiguring the Router Using the BOG icc esses i ce tes Opa tik nen rbd reo B ee B 5 Differentiated Services Network Using Static Traffic Filters eseesessssss B 6 Configuring the Router Using Site Manager sseseseseeeesenenee B 7 Configure a Differentiated Services Interface ssssessesssss B 7 desque d mese eT o 2 S B 8 Contiguring the Router Using the BOG 3s den ie ix ba EP aii B 9 Queue Management and Scheduling Configuration Example ssss B 11 Configuring a Differentiated Services Traffic Filter on an Inbound Interface B 12 Cronica RED on the ROWEL 2
37. policy server 1 2 cops cops server 192 1 1 4 cops server 192 1 1 4 back cops 3 Add as many servers as necessary Using Site Manager To add COPS servers that the router can communicate with complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens Choose Global Protocols The Global Protocols menu opens Choose COPS Client The COPS Client menu opens Choose COPS Servers The COPS Server List window opens Click on Add The COPS Server Record window opens DINJA N Set the IP Address parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 16 Click on OK You return to the COPS Server List window Site Manager adds the new server to the server list Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Differentiated Services Prioritizing COPS Servers By default all COPS servers have a priority value of 1 and are utilized based on their IP address the lowest address number is used first You can prioritize the available COPS servers so that the router attempts to connect to one server before trying another The router can connect to only one server at a time The server with the lowest configured integer gets first priority Using the BCC To assign a priority to a
38. started differentiated services you must create traffic filters This chapter describes how to create differentiated services traffic filters and includes the following topics Topic Page DiffServ Traffic Filter Concepts and Terminology 3 1 Creating Static Filters Using the BCC 3 5 Creating Static Filters Using Site Manager 3 17 Where to Go Next 3 22 DiffServ Traffic Filter Concepts and Terminology This section provides background information for the sections on configuring traffic filters that follow it 308620 14 20 Rev 00 3 1 Configuring Differentiated Services Traffic Filter Templates A traffic filter template is a reusable predefined specification for a traffic filter It consists of a complete filter specification but is not associated with a specific differentiated services interface Each traffic filter template must have a unique name preferably one that identifies its function You can create and use differentiated services traffic filter templates only when working in Site Manager The BCC does not support differentiated services traffic filter templates Traffic Filters Differentiated services traffic filters mark packets in their DS field for special treatment through the network Using traffic filters you can lower or raise the packets priority or control drop probability for types of traffic using DSQMS and RED Each traffic filter has the following properties Aunique
39. value to 85 dsqms red 1 info first order const 1 id 2 max threshold 85 min threshold 40 second order const 10 dsqms red 1 box Weighted RED WRED is the ability to assign different drop probabilities to flows within the same queue You could for example also configure dsqms red 2 with the default min threshold and max threshold values 20 and 80 and other dsqms red objects with different values For RED to determine the average queue size you also configure two parameters for the interface queues average queue gain and idle queue loss rate For an example of setting these parameters to values other than the default see page B 16 Configuring a Weighted Queue on an Outbound Interface The following commands create a weighted DSQMS queue on serial interface 5 1 and create a classifier for the queue Classifiers deal with incoming traffic that has the configured DSCP values box serial 5 1 serial 5 1 dsqms dsqms serial 5 1 dsqms queue 1 dsqms queue 1 serial 5 1 dsqms classifier 10101000 DSCP value set by traffic filter on Ethernet interface dsqms classifier 10101000 serial 5 1 red id 1 Assign the RED function dsqms red 1 dsqms classifier 10101000 serial 5 1 info dscp 10101000 queue id 1 red id 1 Use the RED function with min threshold 40 max threshold 85 308620 14 20 Rev 00 B 13 Configuring Differentiated Services The following commands display the default values for queue parameters
40. window opens 3 Choose Criteria The Criteria menu opens 4 Choose Add The Add menu opens 5 Choose Add URL The Add URL window opens 6 Set the URL parameter See the parameter description on page A 23 7 Click on OK You return to the Edit DiffServ Filters window 8 Click on OK You return to the DiffServ Static Filters window 9 Click on Done until you return to the Configuration Manager window You must always associate filter criteria with a filter action In this way the router uses the URL criterion with the appropriate differentiated services action for example DiffServ Set Field to determine how to mark packets 3 20 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Static Traffic Filters for Differentiated Services Customizing the Action of Traffic Filters These procedures assume that you created a filter template and applied it to a filter To modify a filter that includes the DS Field or DS Police action complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure 1 You do this In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols System responds The Protocols menu opens Choose IP The IP menu opens Choose DiffServ The DiffServ menu opens Choose Interfaces The DiffServ Interface List window opens o9 2RO N Select the interface that you want to modify and click on Traffic Filt The DiffServ Static Filters window opens Select the filter that you want to edit an
41. 0000001 Filter Maintenance Interaction with COPS Trigger Events IP Interaction Extra Debugging Specifies which event messages the router should include in the event log Click on Values and select one or more types of event messages that you want to include in the log To log events such as when a filter is added deleted enabled or disabled select Filter Maintenance To log when a packet matches a trigger filter criterion and is sent to the server select Trigger Events The other options are for debugging Site Manager fills in the appropriate hex value for the options that you choose 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 26 2 1 6 308620 14 20 Rev 00 A 3 Configuring Differentiated Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Config Type Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces Static Static COPS Indicates the configuration type for this interface The configuration type specifies whether the interface uses manually configured filters or filters installed by the policy server Select the appropriate configuration type Static Select this option to manually configure filters These filters identify packets for specific data flows and define the actions performed on each packet COPS Select this option to use the Common Open Policy Service COPS protocol t
42. 1 lt parameter gt value you enter ethernet 2 1 and as many parameter value pairs as needed xvi 308620 14 20 Rev 00 italic text Screen text separator gt vertical line Preface Indicates new terms book titles and variables in command syntax descriptions Where a variable is two or more words the words are connected by an underscore Example If the command syntax is show at valid route valid routeis one variable and you substitute one value for it Indicates system output for example prompts and system messages Example Set Trap Monitor Filters Shows menu paths Example Protocols gt IP identifies the IP option on the Protocols menu Separates choices for command keywords and arguments Enter only one of the choices Do not type the vertical line when entering the command Example If the command syntax is show ip alerts routes you enter either show ip alerts or show ip routes but not both 308620 14 20 Rev 00 xvii Configuring Differentiated Services Acronyms This guide uses the following acronyms COPS Common Open Policy Service DHCP Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol DNS domain name server DRR deficit round robin DSCP differentiated services code point DSQMS differentiated services queue management and scheduling EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation GUI graphical user interface HTTP Hypertext Transfe
43. 1 dsqms queue id 1 dsqms queue 1 serial 2 1 state enabled dsqms queue 1 serial 2 1 Note Unlike most BCC objects which are enabled by default when you create them a DSQMS queue is disabled by default the state parameter is set to disabled You must explicitly enable the queue DSQMS queues have a number of parameters that you use to customize DSQMS for your requirements See Modifying a DSQMS Queue on page 6 5 If you want to add traffic classifiers to the queue go to the next section If you have finished configuring the queue you must manually start DSQMS on the interface by entering the restart command at the DSQMS interface prompt dsqms queue 1 serial 2 14 back dsqms serial 2 1 restart set dsqms serial 2 1 Adding a Traffic Classifier to a Queue To configure a traffic classifier for a queue navigate to the DSQMS queue prompt for example box serial 2 1 dsqms dsqms queue 1 and enter dsqms classifier dscp binary octet red id lt dsqms_red_id_number gt binary_octet is the 8 digit differentiated services code point value found in packet headers to distinguish how differentiated services should classify incoming traffic dsqms_red_id_number is the numerical identifier of the dsqms red instance that this traffic classifier will use to manage traffic This parameter is optional 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Starting Differentiated Services For example the following command configures a traffic classif
44. BayRS Version 14 20 Part No 308620 14 20 Rev 00 December 2000 600 Technology Park Drive Billerica MA 01821 4130 Configuring Differentiated Services NORTEL NETWORKS Copyright 2000 Nortel Networks All rights reserved December 2000 The information in this document is subject to change without notice The statements configurations technical data and recommendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable but are presented without express or implied warranty Users must take full responsibility for their applications of any products specified in this document The information in this document is proprietary to Nortel Networks NA Inc The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and may only be used in accordance with the terms of that license The software license agreement is included in this document Trademarks NORTEL NETWORKS is a trademark of Nortel Networks AN BLN and Optivity are registered trademarks and ASN BayRS BayStack BCC and Optivity Policy Services are trademarks of Nortel Networks Microsoft Windows and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners Restricted Rights Legend Use duplication or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph c 1 i1 of the Rights in Technical Data and
45. COPS server 1 cops server 192 1 1 1 2 cops server 192 1 1 1 priority 4 cops server 192 1 1 1 Using Site Manager Navigate to the COPS server prompt for example box cops Set the priority parameter You can enter an integer from 1 through 128 To assign a priority to a COPS server complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens 2 Choose Global Protocols The Global Protocols menu opens 3 Choose COPS Client The COPS Client menu opens 4 Choose COPS Servers The COPS Server List window opens 5 Select the COPS server whose priority you want to change 6 Set the Priority parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 10 7 Click on Apply 8 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Customizing COPS Modifying the COPS Connection The connection to the COPS server is established at two different levels the COPS layer and the TCP layer The COPS application on the router is a TCP client At the COPS level you can customize how the router connects to a COPS server for example by defining how often the router retries a connection and how long the router keeps the connection active Using the BCC To customize how the router connects to a COPS server 1 Navig
46. Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Global None Any alphanumeric string Identifies the router to the COPS server by assigning it a unique ID Specify an ID for the router as the COPS client 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 1 9 A 8 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Site Manager Parameters COPS Server List Parameters The COPS Server List window Figure A 5 contains the list of COPS servers that are allowed to install filters on the router Done Add Delete Apply Values Help Enable Priority Connection Retry Period Connection Retry Count KeepAlive Time Period Report Time Period Figure A 5 COPS Server List Window 308620 14 20 Rev 00 A 9 Configuring Differentiated Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Enable Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers Enabled Enabled Disabled Enables and disables a COPS server If you selected COPS as the configuration type this parameter is automatically set to Enabled To disable a COPS server without deleting it from the server list select Disabled 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 2 1 2 Priority Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Prot
47. Configuring Differentiated Services To filter traffic using the protocol field go to the match prompt for example box ethernet 2 1 ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 diffserv traffic filter nortel match and enter the following command protocol ist of protocols list of protocols can include any number of protocol identifiers It can also specify ranges of protocol identifiers Table 3 3 lists some common protocol ID codes for IP traffic Table 3 3 Common Protocol IDs for IP Traffic Protocol ID Code Decimal ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol 1 IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol 2 TCP Transmission Control Protocol 6 EGP Exterior Gateway Protocol 8 IGP Interior Gateway Protocol 9 UDP User Datagram Protocol 17 RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol 46 GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation 47 NHRP Next Hop Resolution Protocol 54 OSPF Open Shortest Path First 89 Example Protocol Identifier Criteria To match IGP and OSPF packets enter the following command match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 protocol 9 89 match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 Specifying the DS Field As a Match Criterion Differentiated services establishes an 8 bit field in the IP traffic header referred to as the differentiated services code point DSCP or DS field The DS field may be altered by the filter actions of other differentiated services nodes in the network You can filter on the DS field to take
48. DSQMS queue sort traffic based on the differentiated services code point DSCP in the traffic headers Traffic that matches a traffic classifier is treated according to the attributes configured for the queue and according to the referenced dsqms red instance s attributes if applicable Not all traffic classifiers reference a dsqms red instance Figure 2 2 shows these relationships box serial 2 1 dsqms classifier 00000100 serial 2 1 dsqms serial 2 1 red id 1 dsqms classifier 00001000 serial 2 1 dsqms queue 1 serial 2 11 7 red id 3 pa dsqms classifier 00001 100 serial 2 1 red id 1 m dsqms red 1 red dsqms red 2 WRED implemented dsqms red 3 t Figure 2 2 Relationship Between QMS Objects Weighted RED Implementation 2 8 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Starting Differentiated Services Implementation Notes The following guidelines can help you successfully configure DSQMS on your router e You can configure DSQMS on these interfaces only HSSI MCT1 MCEI and synchronous e f you enable flow fairness on a queue you cannot configure that queue as a best effort queue For information about enabling flow fairness on a queue or designating the queue as best effort see Modifying a DSQMS Queue on page 6 5 e If you configure both weighted and priority queues on an in
49. Enable parameter which lets you disable and reenable all differentiated service interfaces on the router Cancel 6 4 Values Help ENABLED Figure A 3 Edit DiffServ Global Parameters Window Parameter Enable Path Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Global Default Enabled Options Enabled Disabled Function Disables and reenables all differentiated services interfaces on the router Instructions To disable differentiated services on the router select Disabled Otherwise accept the default MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 26 1 2 A 6 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Site Manager Parameters COPS Global Parameters The Edit COPS Global Parameters window Figure A 4 contains the COPS client parameters These global parameters apply to the entire router not to an individual interface These parameters let you customize how the router communicates with the policy server Cancel 6 4 Values Help Enable ENABLED Solo Slot Mask 11111 Client IP Address 0 0 0 0 Client ID easy Figure A 4 Edit COPS Global Parameters Window Parameter Enable Path Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Global Default Enabled Options Enabled Disabled Function Enables and disables COPS on the router Instructions If you selected COPS as the configuration type this parameter is automatically set to Enabled To disable COPS withou
50. Example B 11 308620 14 20 Rev 00 B 1 Configuring Differentiated Services Differentiated Services Network Using Dynamic Filters In this configuration example a local news station needs to download a video tape from the main news office s video server This video contains critical pictures for a news story so the video data needs to be given priority over other data Figure B 1 shows the differentiated services network ISP network Local news station Main office Policy server 192 32 46 7 F1 p 3288 TCP open 192 32 46 8 H 4000 data Video BLN server 192 32 46 9 All filters are installed on this interface AN 192 32 20 2 PC PC C E C E 2 Flow filter F1 DFS0002A Figure B 1 Differentiated Services Network Using Dynamic Filters Before any data can be transmitted the system administrator for the policy server needs to create a policy This policy generates a flow filter that the policy server installs on the BLN router Table B 1 on page B 3 shows the filter installed on the BLN router B 2 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuration Examples Table B 1 Flow Filter on the BLN Router Criteria Flow Filter F1 IP source address 192 32 46 8 IP destination address 192 32 6 14 TCP source po
51. FARS 252 227 7013 for agencies of the Department of Defense or their successors whichever is applicable 6 Use of software in the European Community This provision applies to all Software acquired for use within the European Community If Licensee uses the Software within a country in the European Community the Software Directive enacted by the Council of European Communities Directive dated 14 May 1991 will apply to the examination of the Software to facilitate interoperability Licensee agrees to notify Nortel Networks of any such intended examination of the Software and may procure support and assistance from Nortel Networks 7 Term and termination This license is effective until terminated however all of the restrictions with respect to Nortel Networks copyright in the Software and user manuals will cease being effective at the date of expiration of the Nortel Networks copyright those restrictions relating to use and disclosure of Nortel Networks confidential information shall continue in effect Licensee may terminate this license at any time The license will automatically terminate if Licensee fails to comply with any of the terms and conditions of the license Upon termination for any reason Licensee will immediately destroy or return to Nortel Networks the Software user manuals and all copies Nortel Networks is not liable to Licensee for damages in any form solely by reason of the termination of this license 8 Export and re exp
52. Global Protocols The Global Protocols menu opens Choose COPS Client The COPS Client menu opens Choose COPS Servers The COPS Server List window opens o9 2RO N Select the server that you want to disable or reenable Set the Enable parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 10 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 5 10 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Deleting a COPS Server Customizing COPS You can delete a COPS server that should no longer be used or that is no longer available Using the BCC To delete a COPS server 1 2 Navigate to the global COPS prompt for example box cops Delete the COPS server specifying its IP address cops delete cops server 192 1 1 1 cops Using Site Manager To delete a COPS server from the server list complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens Choose Global Protocols The Global Protocols menu opens Choose COPS Client Choose COPS Servers The COPS Client menu opens The COPS Server List window opens ay eo hr Select the server that you want to delete then click on Delete Site Manager removes the entry Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 308620 14 20 Rev 00
53. MS classifiers that use the RED instance specified by the RED identification number The output includes the following information Circuit DSCP Queue Id Red Id Name of the circuit with the specified classifier Differentiated services code point in the packet header that traffic must match to be handled by the classifier DSQMS queue that the classifier is associated with The RED function instance that the classifier applies to matching traffic C 6 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Using BCC show Commands For example the following show dsqms classifiers command displays classifier information for three circuits S21 S23 and S24 dsqms serial 3 3 show dsqms classifiers Circuit DSCP Queue Id Red Id 21 11110000 1 1 S21 11100000 2 2 S23 11110000 T 3 S24 11100000 2 3 Classifiers for circuits S21 and S23 handle traffic with the same DSCP but this kind of traffic on circuit 521 is handled by a different RED configuration than this kind of traffic arriving on circuit S23 Circuits S23 and S24 both use RED configuration number 3 for certain traffic that arrives on their interfaces but each circuit uses it for different kinds of traffic as specified by the different DSCPs For an illustration of the relationship between classifiers queues and RED configurations see Figure 2 2 on page 2 8 show dsqms interfaces details The show dsqms interfaces details command lists interfaces circuits where DSQMS is configured or
54. Number of bytes this queue is allowed to transmit for each dequeue Status of flow fairness enabled or disabled 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Jitter Const Bucket Quantum Drop Type Pkt Count Byte Count Xmit Pkts Xmit Bytes Dropped Pkts Dropped Bytes Average Queue Gain Idle Queue Loss Rate Using BCC show Commands Sensitivity to the jitter effect small normal or large Number of bytes that the flow fairness bucket is allowed to transmit for each dequeue How packets are dropped using RED or simple tail drop Number of packets queued Number of octets queued Number of packets transmitted Number of octets transmitted Number of dropped packets Number of dropped octets Percentage of buffer capacity that must fill for 1 second or more for DSQMS to compute a larger average queue size for use by RED Percentage of buffer capacity that must empty for 1 second or more for DSQMS to compute a smaller average queue size for use by RED show dsqms queues stats The show dsqms queues stats command displays a table of DSQMS queues or specific information based on the filter argument that you use with a subset of the information from the show dsqms queues detail command This command allows the following command filter flag and argument circuit circuit no Displays information about queues on the specified circuit only The output includes the following information Cct Id Pkt Count Byte Coun
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56. accept the default value 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Differentiated Services Configure a Differentiated Services Interface First configure a differentiated services interface on the BLN router and enable COPS as follows Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window click on an IP interface connector The Add Circuit window opens 2 Accept the default circuit name or entera The Select Protocols window opens new name then click on OK 3 Scroll through the list of protocols and The IP Configuration window opens choose DiffServ then click on OK 4 Enter 192 32 46 9 in the IP Address The DiffServ Interface List window opens parameter then click on OK The interface is now enabled 5 Set the Config Type parameter to COPS Site Manager displays a message and click on Apply informing you that the static filters will be deleted and asks if you want to continue 6 Click on OK You return to the DiffServ Interface List window 7 Goto the next section Configure COPS To enable COPS for the interface complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the DiffServ Interface List window click on COPS Global The Edit COPS Global Parameters window opens 2 Setthe Client IP Address parameter to 192 32 46 9 and the Client ID parameter to corp1 3 Click on OK You re
57. acket size that the router should police Not applicable A 20 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Site Manager Parameters Max Policed Bytes Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces gt Traffic Filt gt Template gt Create gt Action gt Add gt DiffServ Set Police 4294967295 0 to 4294967295 Specifies the maximum packet size that the router allows for the network This parameter lets the router prevent large packets from being admitted into the network Enter a value for the maximum policed packet size If the packet size is larger than this value the router considers the data beyond the flow filter profile In this case the router refers to the Out of Profile Behavior and Out of Profile Marking parameters to determine how to treat the packet Not applicable Inprofile Marking Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces gt Traffic Filt gt Template gt Create gt Action gt Add gt DiffServ Set Police 00000000 00000000 to 11111100 Specifies the value that the DS byte is set to if the policing algorithm accepts the packet The value represents the type of service that the packet receives Enter the value that the router should use to mark the packet Not applicable 308620 14 20 R
58. age of bandwidth dsqms queue 1 serial 5 1 drop type red Change the drop type to use RED dsqms queue 1 serial 5 1 state enabled Enable the queue dsqms queue 1 serial 5 1 info average queue gain 30 best effort no byte limit 0 cfg pkt limit 0 cfg weight 3 drop type red flow fairness disabled id 1 idle queue loss rate 30 jitter const normal priority level 0 priority time quantum 100 State enabled type weighted B 14 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuration Examples When you change parameters for the dsqms dsqms queue or dsqms classifier objects you must restart DSQMS on the interface for the changes to take effect dsqms queue 1 serial 5 14 back dsqms serial 5 1 restart set Queue 1 becomes active Use the show commands to display configuration and statistical information about queues and interfaces For information about all show commands for DSQMS RED and differentiated services see Appendix C Using BCC show Commands dsqms serial 5 1 sho dsqms q sum show dsqms queues summary Dec 07 2000 11 40 11 GMT 5 Best Priority Cfg Wgh Flow Drop Jitter Cct Id State Status Type Effort Level Weight Fairness Type Const S511 enabled active w no n a 3 100 disabled red normal dsqms serial 5 1 sho dsqms q stats show dsqms queues stats Dec 07 2000 11 40 21 GMT 5 Pkt Byte Xmit Xmit Dropped Dropped Cet Id Count Count Pkts Bytes Pkts Bytes S51 1 0 0 i 76 0 0 Configuring a Priority Queue on the Same Outbound I
59. ameters continued Parameter Values Function token bucket rate 0 default Sets the rate at which the router accepts data through Specifying the data rate can prevent the host from 4294967295 sending too much data to the router token bucket O default Determines the burst size of the data that the router size through accepts This parameter enables the router to 4294967295 guard against large bursts of data it balances the flow of data Example Police Action This example increases the min policed value to 40 and decreases the max policed maximum packet size to 3000100100 ds filter nortel 2 2 2 24 actions actions ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 action police actions ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 police police ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 min policed 40 police ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 max policed 3000100100 police ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 Specifying the Log Action You can specify the log action in combination with other actions By default the system event log file is set to off To log traffic filter events and to specify the level of detail that you want to include in the system event log go to the actions prompt for example box ethernet 2 1 ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 diffserv traffic filter nortel actions and enter action log off on detailed off the default specifies that no differentiated services traffic filter information is written to the system event log file on indicates that when an incoming
60. ary intellectual property Licensee shall not sublicense assign or otherwise disclose to any third party the Software or any information about the operation design performance or implementation of the Software and user manuals that is confidential to Nortel Networks and its licensors however Licensee may grant permission to its consultants subcontractors and agents to use the Software at Licensee s facility provided they have agreed to use the Software only in accordance with the terms of this license 3 Limited warranty Nortel Networks warrants each item of Software as delivered by Nortel Networks and properly installed and operated on Nortel Networks hardware or other equipment it is originally licensed for to function substantially as described in its accompanying user manual during its warranty period which begins on the date Software is first shipped to Licensee If any item of Software fails to so function during its warranty period as the sole remedy Nortel Networks will at its discretion provide a suitable fix patch or workaround for the problem that may be included in a future Software release Nortel Networks further warrants to Licensee that the media on which the Software is provided will be free from defects in materials and workmanship under normal use for a period of 90 days from the date Software is first shipped to Licensee Nortel Networks will replace defective media at no charge if it is returned to Nortel Networks during
61. at distributor or reseller for assistance If you purchased a Nortel Networks service program contact one of the following Nortel Networks Technical Solutions Centers Technical Solutions Center Telephone EMEA 33 4 92 966 968 North America 800 2LANWAN or 800 252 6926 Asia Pacific 61 2 9927 8800 China 800 810 5000 An Express Routing Code ERC is available for many Nortel Networks products and services When you use an ERC your call is routed to a technical support person who specializes in supporting that product or service To locate an ERC for your product or service go to the www12 nortelnetworks com URL and click ERC at the bottom of the page 308620 14 20 Rev 00 xix Chapter 1 Differentiated Services Overview Differentiated services is a network architecture that lets service providers and enterprise network environments offer varied levels of service for different types of data traffic Instead of using the best effort service model to ensure data delivery differentiated services lets you designate a specific level of performance on a packet by packet basis If you have applications that require high performance and reliable service such as voice and video over IP you can use differentiated services to give preferential treatment to this data over other traffic For each packet there is a differentiated services field in the packet header that you can mark for specific s
62. ate one or more traffic classifiers on the queue To see an extended example of an initial DSQMS configuration see Queue Management and Scheduling Configuration Example on page B 11 Enabling the RED Algorithm You must enable the RED algorithm to configure instances of dsqms red To enable RED navigate to the top level box or stack prompt and enter red For example the following command enables RED on a router box red red RED has no configurable parameters Configuring an Instance of dsqms red To add an instance of dsqms red to the configuration navigate to the RED prompt for example box red and enter dsqms red id id number min threshold lt min_value gt max threshold max value first order const first value second order const second value id numberis a simple numerical identifier that identifies the instance set of attributes for reference by traffic classifiers 2 10 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Starting Differentiated Services min value is the queue size below which no packets are dropped by RED max value is the queue size above which all packets are dropped by RED first valueis the first order constant used when calculating drop probability based on the average queue fraction the queue size and the min threshold value second value is the second order constant used when calculating drop probability based on the average queue fraction the queue size and the min threshold
63. ate to the COPS server that you want to modify for example box cops cops server 192 1 1 1 2 Set one or more of the parameters described in Table 5 1 Table 5 1 Customizable COPS Server Parameters Parameter Values Function connection timer 1 through 65535 Specifies the time between connection retry seconds attempts to the server default 30 keepalive timer 1 through 65535 Specifies the time between the transmission of seconds keepalive packets to the server default 60 priority 1 through 128 Assigns a priority to the COPS server The lower default 1 the number the higher the priority remote port 1 through 65535 Specifies the remote TCP port of the COPS server default 3288 report timer 1 through 65535 Specifies the time between the transmission of seconds statistics reports to the server default 360 retry counter 1 through 10 Specifies the number of connection attempts that default 3 the router makes before determining that the server is unreachable state enabled default disabled Enables or disables the COPS server continued 308620 14 20 Rev 00 5 5 Configuring Differentiated Services Table 5 1 Customizable COPS Server Parameters continued Parameter Values Function tcp keepalive max retry O through 65535 Specifies the number of unacknowledged keepalive default 4 packets retransmitted before the TCP session
64. c filter nortel actions police and specify one or more of the parameters described in Table 3 5 Table 3 5 DS Police Parameters Parameter Values Function inprofile behavior mark default Tells the router how to treat packets that are within no change the filter profile inprofile marking 00000000 Specifies the value that the DS byte is set to if the default through policing algorithm accepts the packet The value 11111100 represents the type of service that the packet receives max policed 0 through Specifies the maximum packet size that the router 4294967295 allows for the network This parameter lets the default router prevent large packets from being admitted into the network min policed 0 through Specifies the minimum packet size that the router 4294967295 allows for the network If the packet size is smaller default 20 than the value set for this parameter the router uses this parameter value as the packet size outprofile no change Tells the router how to treat the packet if it does not behavior default fit the filter profile mark drop outprofile 00000000 Tells the router how to mark the packet if the packet marking default through size does not fit the filter profile for example if the 11111100 host is sending more data than it should continued 3 14 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Static Traffic Filters for Differentiated Services Table 3 5 DS Police Par
65. ceuex aser Rp EAE nitar i XR EH et Lipi Cg Pa dac b s B 12 Configuring a Weighted Queue on an Outbound Interface ssss B 13 Configuring a Priority Queue on the Same Outbound Interface B 15 Displaying the DSQMS Configuration Using the show Command B 17 viii 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Appendix C Using BCC show Commands Online H lp Tor show ComMmandE c 9 C 2 SNOW COPS GIODO M M C 2 as cops SO PS M C 3 Bri UNS ErY GNOME e C 3 show CUMS E Pe IGN RS uisu audies n oe nmur sies euo camden Surat art eee cane C 4 show dinsery WMATA Mt C 5 show diffserv tratfic filber SUIMMANY 1 neci rer re are 3 Hise Frob en E niee ETTE adenine C 5 ipa s I MR Ne To e E TNR ais csc RE C 6 show dsgms interfaces CRISIS qe C 7 Show deam interfaces SES iuum tmr teet tne ntt SR naaa RAAE E Ras MIRA a FEE C 8 show degme Interiacbs SUITE snack e ceeinse erbe oae Era scan resdan pikein aaia iie C 9 show degme guoues dalali Met C 9 show dsame UI cii e Em C 11 show Eee Esca Vua d C 12 cis Esc TU UU C 13 Index 308620 14 20 Rev 00 ix Figures Figure 1 1 Differentiated Services Network sssssssssseeeeeneeeeneennne 1 3 Figure 1 2 Architecture of the OPS Policy Server ccccceceseceeseeeeteeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeee 1 5 Figure 1 3 Nortel Networks Differentiated Services Architecture
66. d click on Edit The Edit DiffServ Filters window opens To change the DS field entry choose Action gt Edit DS Field The DS Field window opens To modify the DS Police action choose Action Edit DS Police and set the following parameters Token Bucket Rate Kbps Token Bucket Size Bits Min Policed Bytes Max Policed Bytes Inprofile Marking Inprofile Behavior Out of Profile Marking Out of Profile Behavior Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 20 Click on Save You return to the Edit DiffServ Filters window 10 Click on OK You return to the DiffServ Static Filters window 11 Click on Done until you return to the Configuration Manager window 308620 14 20 Rev 00 3 21 Configuring Differentiated Services Modifying URL Match Criteria These procedures assume that you created a filter template and applied it to a filter To modify a filter that includes a URL as a criterion complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Protocols menu opens choose Protocols 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose DiffServ The DiffServ menu opens 4 Choose Interfaces The DiffServ Interface List window opens 5 Select the interface that you want to The DiffServ Static Filters window opens modify and click on Traffic Filt
67. d Services Using Site Manager To modify the keepalive parameters that maintain the TCP connection complete the following tasks You do this Site Manager Procedure System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens Choose Global Protocols The Global Protocols menu opens Choose COPS Client The COPS Client menu opens Choose COPS Servers The COPS Server List window opens Select the server that you want to modify olala ojm Set the following parameters e TCP KeepAlive Interval TCP KeepAlive RTO e TCP KeepAlive Max Retry Cnt Click on Help or see the parameter 7 Click on Apply descriptions beginning on page A 12 8 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 5 8 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Changing the Remote TCP Port Customizing COPS If the policy server application operates on a different TCP port than the default port 3288 the defined COPS standard you can specify a different port In most cases however you can use the default port Using the BCC To modify the remote TCP port Navigate to the COPS server that you want to modify for example box 1 cops cops server 192 1 1 1 2 Set the remote port number cops server 192 1 1 1 remote port 3290 cops server 192 1 1 1 Using Site Manager To modify the remote TCP port complete the following tasks
68. d parameter as needed dsqms classifier 00001100 serial 2 1 red id 3 dsqms classifier 00001100 serial 2 1 back dsqms queue 1 serial 2 1 back dsqms serial 2 1 restart set dsqms serial 2 1 You cannot change the dscp or queue id parameters for an existing DSQMS classifier To make these changes you must create a new classifier Disabling DSQMS on an Interface To disable DSQMS on an interface navigate to the DSQMS interface prompt for example box serial 2 1 dsqms and enter the following command state disabled For example the following command disables DSQMS on serial interface 2 1 dsqms serial 2 1 state disabled dsqms serial 2 1 restart set dsqms serial 2 1 6 8 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Customizing Queue Management and Scheduling Disabling a Single DSQMS Queue To disable a single DSQMS queue navigate to the queue prompt on the interface for example box serial 2 1 dsqms dsqms queue 1 and enter the following command state disabled For example the following command disables DSQMS on queue 1 on serial interface 2 1 dsqms queue 1 serial 2 1 state disabled dsqms queue 1 serial 2 1 back dsqms serial 2 1 restart set dsqms serial 2 1 Deleting Unused dsqms red Entries To stop using a particular dsqms red instance remove references to it from all traffic classifiers Although it is not necessary you can delete unused dsqms red instances or RED for DSQMS completely Deleting RED is not generally
69. d services code point DSCP that triggers differentiated services activation 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Differentiated Services show diffserv interfaces The show diffserv interfaces command displays a table of interfaces where differentiated services is configured or specific information based on the filters that you use This command allows the following command filter flags and arguments address ip address Displays information about the configuration on the specified IP interface circuit circuit no Displays information about the configuration for the specified circuit state enabled Displays information about only the interfaces that are disabled enabled or disabled depending upon the argument provided status up down Displays information about only the interfaces that are up notpresent down or not present depending upon the argument provided type static cops Displays information about only the static or COPS interfaces depending upon the argument provided The output includes the following information IP Address The IP address for a particular interface Circuit The circuit number of the interface State State of the interface configuration enabled or disabled Status Current status of the interface up down or notpresent Config Type Filter type configured for the interface static or COPS C 4 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Using BCC show Commands show diffserv traffic filter
70. do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Protocols menu opens choose Protocols 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose DiffServ The DiffServ menu opens 4 Choose Delete A confirmation window prompts Do you REALLY want to delete DiffServ 5 Click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window 308620 14 20 Rev 00 4 7 Chapter 5 Customizing COPS When you start differentiated services with COPS for filter management by default you set up a single policy server with default values see Chapter 2 Starting Differentiated Services You can add policy servers to the configuration choose the priority order in which they are used and change parameters such as the router s COPS client address This chapter describes how to customize your COPS configuration and includes the following topics Topic Page Moditying COPS Global Parameters 52 Adding COPS Servers 5 3 Prioritizing COPS Servers 5 4 Modifying the COPS Connection 5 5 Maintaining the TCP Connection to the Server 5 7 Changing the Remote TCP Port 5 9 Disabling and Reenabling a COPS Server 5 10 Deleting a COPS Server 5 11 Disabling and Reenabling COPS on the Router 5 12 Deleting COPS from the Router 5 13 308620 14 20 Rev 00 5 1 Configuring Differentiated Services Modifying COPS Global Parameters In most cases you do not need to modify the solo
71. dsqms classifier 10101000 serial 5 14 back dsqms queue 1 serial 5 1 info average queue gain 30 Used for RED calculation of drop probabilities best effort no Specifies whether this queue is a best effort queue byte limit 0 Assign more buffers on a byte basis used by RED cfg pkt limit 0 Assign more buffers on a packet basis used by RED cfg weight 1 Bandwidth percentage for weighted queue drop type tail drop Congestion drop type red or tail drop flow fairness disabled Congestion control for multiple flows in this queue id 1 Queue ID idle queue loss rate 30 Used for RED calculations of drop probabilities jitter const normal Latency adjusted for time sensitive packets priority level 0 Priority level of this queue O through 29 priority time quantum 100 Priority queue bandwidth allocation state disabled Determines if this queue will be active type priority Weighted or priority queue assignment The following commands configure the queue to be a weighted queue the default value is to make it a priority queue that uses the RED algorithm to drop packets when the interface is congested You also assign a percentage of bandwidth to this queue the cfg weight parameter and enable the queue by default the queue is disabled when you create it The info command displays the modified parameter values dsqms queue 1 serial 5 1 type weighted Change from priority to weighted dsqms queue 1 serial 5 1 cfg weight 3 Specify percent
72. e instances of dsqms red The DSQMS traffic classifiers in queues use these various configurations of RED Table 6 1 lists RED parameters that can be configured under dsqms red their values and functions Table 6 1 dsqms red Object Parameters Parameter Values Function id integer Identifies the RED function You cannot change this parameter 100 default 1 min threshold integer O through Indicates the queue size below which no 100 default 20 packets are dropped by RED max threshold integer 1 through Indicates the queue size above which all 100 default 80 packets are dropped by RED first order const integer O through Specifies the first order constant used when calculating drop probability based on the average queue fraction the queue size and the min threshold value second order const integer O through 1000 default 10 Specifies the second order constant used when calculating drop probability based on the average queue fraction the queue size and the min threshold value To modify an instance of dsqms red 1 Navigate to the dsqms red instance box red red dsqms red 2 dsqms red 2 2 Change the parameters as desired dsqms red 2 min threshold 20 dsqms red 2 max threshold 85 dsqms red 2 You cannot change the id parameter 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Customizing Queue Management and Scheduling Activating DSQMS Configuration Changes on an Interface If yo
73. e traffic filters to a differentiated services interface in the same order that you want the software to compare them to each packet You can specify a precedence value from 1 through 127 The lower the precedence value the higher its priority Thus if a filter has a precedence of 1 the software always processes that filter first for each incoming packet The software displays an error message if you attempt to assign a filter to an interface that already has the maximum number of filters 127 If a differentiated services interface has fewer that 127 filters but has a filter with a precedence of 127 you cannot add another filter unless you explicitly assign a precedence less than or equal to an available precedence 308620 14 20 Rev 00 3 3 Configuring Differentiated Services Filter Criteria When you create a differentiated services traffic filter template or a differentiated services traffic filter you must supply filter criteria and actions You can filter traffic based on specified bit patterns in one of the following headers in an IP datagram e IP header including the DSCP e Header of the upper layer protocol TCP or UDP Another feature unique to differentiated services filters is that you can use URLs as filter criteria which enables the router to mark HTTP packets You define a criterion for creating differentiated services traffic filters based on bit patterns in the packet header You apply user defined criteria
74. eeees 3 8 Table 3 3 Common Protocol IDs Tor IP TEBITIG 5c iiic ccckconearssdceatecscctemivelines 3 10 Table 3 4 Actions for DiffServ Traffic Filters 3 13 Table 3 5 DS Police Parameters iius petia Fede uere PASS ME MER FH A PARISIIS aes 3 14 Table 5 1 Customizable COPS Server Parameters sese 5 5 Table 6 1 dsqms red Object Parameters sssssssseseeeeeeeeenenrenn 6 2 Table 6 2 Customizable DSQMS Queue Parameters ssessssssssssss 6 5 Table 6 3 Configurable DSQMS Queue Parameters by Queue Type 6 7 Table B 1 Flow Filter on the BLN Router eeeeeeseseeeeeeeennnnneeemennnnnnnnn B 3 308620 14 20 Rev 00 xiii Preface This guide describes differentiated services and what you do to start and customize these services on a Nortel Networks router You can use the Bay Command Console BCC or Site Manager to configure differentiated services on a router In this guide you will find instructions for using both the BCC and Site Manager Before You Begin Before using this guide you must complete the following procedures For a new router e Install the router see the installation guide that came with your router e Connect the router to the network and create a pilot configuration file see Quick Starting Routers Configuring BayStack Remote Access or Connecting ASN Routers to a Network Make sure that you are running the lat
75. er a value of 0 to disable this feature 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 2 1 10 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Site Manager Parameters TCP KeepAlive RTO Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers 60 0 to 65535 seconds Specifies the keepalive retransmit timeout RTO period in seconds This is the interval during which the router sends unacknowledged keepalive packets If the TCP KeepAlive Interval parameter is set to 0 the router ignores this timer If the TCP KeepAlive Interval Timer is set to a nonzero value and this parameter is set to 0 the router does not send keepalive packets Either side of the connection can then end the session after the TCP KeepAlive Interval expires Enter a value for the retransmit timeout period 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 2 1 11 TCP KeepAlive Max Retry Cnt Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers 4 0 to 65535 Specifies the number of unacknowledged keepalive packets retransmitted before the TCP session is terminated If this value is set to 0 the router sends only one keepalive packet Enter a number for the maximum number of unacknowledged keepalive packets that the router should send 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 2 1 12 308620 14
76. er s traffic filters feature but you cannot modify them For more information about configuring the OPS policy server see Managing Policy Information in Optivity Policy Services 1 4 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Differentiated Services Overview Figure 1 2 shows the Nortel Networks OPS policy server architecture Application server Server manager Web server LDAP LDAP 4 ERAT olicy information LDAP server is placed in erver the database with policy database OPS policy server GUI COPS server EP lc PC E TCP connection PC using to the router Windows NT DFS0004A Figure 1 2 Architecture of the OPS Policy Server Marking Packets for Specific Services A packet s assigned level of service determines whether the packet receives preferential treatment as it travels through the network The DS field has a specific value that determines the service If the router communicates with a policy server the process of installing filters and marking packets is as follows 1 The edge router contacts the policy server with a configuration request This happens automatically as part of the router s normal differentiated services activity for each differentiated services interface 2 The policy server responds by downloading a set of flow filters from its database to the edge router 3 When a packet arrives at a router s differentiated services
77. ervice For IP packets this field is called the DS field The DS field has a specific value that defines how the packet is treated as it travels through the network Differentiated services is scalable making it ideal for large networks Edge devices such as Nortel Networks routers classify much of the data leaving less of the processing for the core of the network In addition differentiated services can aggregate traffic for more efficient transmission Implementing Differentiated Services In a differentiated services network the edge router is responsible for filtering data packets and marking them for service You can install or configure filters on the edge router using one of two methods e Dynamically install filters with an Optivity Policy Services OPS policy server The OPS policy server communicates with the router using the Common Open Policy Service COPS protocol Flow filters are then automatically installed on the router 308620 14 20 Rev 00 1 1 Configuring Differentiated Services Manually configure filters on the edge router You can create filters that instruct the router to mark specific packets for special service throughout the network If you manually configure filters there is no need for a policy server How you implement differentiated services depends on your specific network requirements If you implement differentiated services with OPS you have more flexibility and control over your network
78. est version of Nortel Networks BayRS and Site Manager software For information about upgrading BayRS and Site Manager see the upgrading guide for your version of BayRS 308620 14 20 Rev 00 XV Configuring Differentiated Services Text Conventions This guide uses the following text conventions angle brackets gt bold text braces brackets ellipsis points Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on the description inside the brackets Do not type the brackets when entering the command Example If the command syntax is ping ip address you enter ping 192 32 10 12 Indicates command names and options and text that you need to enter Example Enter show ip alerts routes Example Use the dinfo command Indicate required elements in syntax descriptions where there is more than one option You must choose only one of the options Do not type the braces when entering the command Example If the command syntax is show ip alerts routes you must enter either show ip alerts or show ip routes but not both Indicate optional elements in syntax descriptions Do not type the brackets when entering the command Example If the command syntax is show ip interfaces alerts you can enter either show ip interfaces or show ip interfaces alerts Indicate that you repeat the last element of the command as needed Example If the command syntax is ethernet 2
79. ev 00 A 21 Configuring Differentiated Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Inprofile Behavior Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces gt Traffic Filt gt Template gt Create gt Action gt Add gt DiffServ Set Police Mark Mark No Change Tells the router how to treat packets that are within the filter profile If you want the packet to be marked according to the value in the Inprofile Marking parameter accept the default Mark If not select No Change Not applicable Out of Profile Marking Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces gt Traffic Filt gt Template gt Create gt Action gt Add gt DiffServ Set Police 00000000 00000000 to 11111100 If the packet size does not fit the filter profile for example if the host is sending more data than it should this parameter tells the router how to mark the packet Enter the value that the router should use to mark the packet Not applicable Out of Profile Behavior Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces gt Traffic Filt gt Template gt Create gt Action gt Add gt DiffServ Set Police No Change No Change Mark Drop Tells
80. f all weighted queues on 100 default 1 the interface Can be calculated relative to other queue values or expressed as a percentage provided that all weighted queues add up to 100 Applicable to weighted queues only drop type tail drop default Indicates whether RED is used for active queue management red flow fairness disabled default enabled Indicates whether a hash table is used to separate data packets into buckets within this queue This mechanism improves fairness within a queue idle queue loss percentage Specifies the percentage of buffer capacity that must empty for 1 rate 1 through 99 second or more for DSQMS to compute a smaller average queue size default 30 for use by RED jitter const small Categorizes how sensitive traffic in this queue is to the jitter effect normal default large and thus provides an indicator for calculating the bucket size in flow fairness Reset this parameter if the packets that this queue will handle are small for example VoIP packets or large for example video packets continued 308620 14 20 Rev 00 6 5 Configuring Differentiated Services Table 6 2 Customizable DSQMS Queue Parameters continued Parameter Values Function priority level integer O through Sets the priority level for this queue 0 is the highest priority 29 default 0 Applicable to priority queues only priority time quantum integer O
81. for installing filters on the router The router uses filters to determine which packets it should mark for special treatment through the network You can either enable the COPS protocol or manually configure filters Go to one of the following sections to configure a filter mechanism e Enabling COPS next section e Creating Static Filters Using the BCC on page 3 5 Enabling COPS If the router will receive filters from a policy server enable COPS so that the router can communicate with the policy server To enable COPS 1 In configuration mode navigate to the top level box or stack prompt 2 Enable COPS providing the router differentiated services IP address that will be the COPS client address and an alphanumeric identification for the router box cops address 2 2 2 2 id athens cops 3 Configure a COPS server providing the IP address of a policy server cops cops server 192 1 1 1 cops server 192 1 1 1 back cops 4 Navigate to the IP interface on which you are configuring differentiated services for example box serial 5 1 ppp ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 5 Enable COPS on the interface ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 diffserv config type cops diffserv 2 2 2 2 2 4 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Starting Differentiated Services Starting Differentiated Services Using Site Manager Starting differentiated services involves enabling differentiated services on an IP interface choosing a filter mechanism and enabl
82. g DRR Differentiated services traffic filters sort incoming IP traffic and mark it with a particular differentiated services code point DSCP formerly known as type of service or ToS Based on the DSCP the router will queue traffic and then schedule it for transmission The DSCP marking allows DSQMS to separate packets into classes and place them in queues that enable the router to handle each class of traffic differently Queue scheduling manages the allocation of bandwidth among queues Queue scheduling affects the sequence in which the data leaves the WAN interface it does not affect traffic as it enters the router Like the queue management function differentiated services queue scheduling supports a mix of priority and bandwidth allocation or weighted queues For example you could sort delay sensitive traffic into two priority queues configured for strict dequeuing and dedicate 1046 of the link bandwidth to these two queues The remaining 90 of the link bandwidth could be shared among three weighted fair queues each configured with a percentage of bandwidth or weight Priority queues are scheduled first and the amount of traffic dequeued is determined by a configurable timer called a priority time quantum so that subsequent priority and weighted queues are serviced Weighted queues are serviced in round robin fashion In this scheme a high bandwidth link with larger packets can consume more than its weighted share compared t
83. g upon the argument provided status active Displays information about only queues that are active inactive notpresent inactive or not present depending upon the argument provided type priority Displays information about only priority or weighted queues weighted depending upon the argument provided C 12 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Using BCC show Commands The output includes the following information Cct Id State Status Type Best Effort Priority Level Cfg Weight Weight Flow Fairness Drop Type Jitter Const show dsqms red Name of the circuit Identification number of the queue State of the DSQMS queue enabled or disabled Status of the queue active inactive or not present Type of queue priority or weighted Does queue handle best effort traffic for the interface yes or no Priority number assigned to the queue Configured percentage of traffic for a weighted queue Actual percentage of traffic for a weighted queue If configured weight percentages add up to more than 100 actual weights are calculated proportionally Status of flow fairness enabled or disabled How packets are dropped using RED or simple tail drop Sensitivity to the jitter effect small normal or large The show dsqms red command displays a table of configured RED instances This command takes no filter flags or filter arguments The output includes the following information ID Status 2nd Order C
84. he parameter description on page A 3 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window To globally disable or reenable all differentiated services interfaces complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure 1 You do this In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols System responds The Protocols menu opens Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose DiffServ The DiffServ menu opens 4 Choose Global The Edit DiffServ Global Parameters window opens Set the Enable parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 6 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Differentiated Services Deleting a Differentiated Services Interface You can delete differentiated services from a single interface or from all interfaces on the router Using the BCC To delete differentiated services from a single interface 1 Navigate to the IP interface prompt for example box ethernet 2 1 ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 Check whether any filter on the interface has a police filter action by entering the following command ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 show diffserv traffic filter detail Filter pur Match tcp udp destination ports 80 80 Action action mark mark value 00111100 ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 For security reasons you cannot delete differentiated se
85. ier on the first queue on serial interface 2 1 dsqms queue 1 serial 2 14 dsqms classifier dscp 00001100 red id 1 dsqms classifier 00001100 serial 2 1 Typically you create additional queues and additional traffic classifiers with different RED functions within each queue See Figure 2 2 on page 2 8 If you want to add other traffic classifiers to the queue or other queues to the interface use the instructions in this section If you have finished configuring the queue you must manually start DSQMS on the interface by entering the restart command at the DSQMS interface prompt dsqms classifier 00001100 serial 2 1 back dsqms queue 1 serial 2 1 back dsqms serial 2 1 restart set dsqms serial 2 1 Where to Go Next After you complete the steps in this chapter differentiated services should be operating on at least one interface e If you chose to manually configure traffic filters go to Chapter 3 Configuring Static Traffic Filters for Differentiated Services e To customize the differentiated services configuration go to Chapter 4 Customizing Differentiated Services e To customize COPS services go to Chapter 5 Customizing COPS e To customize DSQMS go to Chapter 6 Customizing Queue Management and Scheduling 308620 14 20 Rev 00 2 13 Chapter 3 Configuring Static Traffic Filters for Differentiated Services If you do not have a policy server or if you chose to use static traffic filters when you
86. ilter Template Management window 12 Click on Done You return to the DiffServ Static Filters window 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuration Examples Apply the template that you just created by completing the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the DiffServ Static Filters window click The Create Filter window opens on Create Enter corpforms in the Filter Name field Select the differentiated services interface 192 32 9 7 in the Interfaces list Select httpfilter in the Templates list Click on OK You return to the DiffServ Static Filters window Site Manager displays the filter name and its interface in the scroll list Click on Done until you return to the Configuration Manager window After the router marks a packet the packet receives preferential treatment from the core devices in the network and sends it along to the client Configuring the Router Using the BCC This section provides the BCC commands that you would use to configure the BLN 1 router shown in Figure B 2 1 Configure the IP interface and enable differentiated services on it by entering the following commands box serial 3 2 serial 3 2 ppp ppp 3 2 ip 192 32 9 7 16 ip 192 32 9 7 255 255 0 0 diffserv diffserv 192 32 9 7 Create a differentiated services filter specifying a filter name and enter the match context for the filter diffser
87. ing the COPS protocol if applicable Enabling Differentiated Services In Site Manager you need only configure differentiated services on a per interface basis Note The router does not allow IP traffic filters on a differentiated services interface If you add differentiated services to an interface that already has IP traffic filters configured Site Manager will remove the traffic filters To enable differentiated services on an IP interface complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Add Circuit window opens click on an IP interface connector 2 Accept the default circuit name or entera The Select Protocols window opens new name then click on OK 3 Scroll through the list of protocols and The IP Configuration window opens choose DiffServ then click on OK Enter the interface s IP address and mask 5 Click on OK The DiffServ Interface List window opens If you want to enable COPS go to You return to the Configuration Manager Enabling COPS on page 2 6 Otherwise window click on Done Choosing a Filter Mechanism When you enable differentiated services you must select a mechanism for installing filters on the router The router uses filters to determine which packets it should mark for special treatment through the network You can either enable the COPS protocol or manually co
88. ining adequate procedures apart from the Software to reconstruct lost or altered files data or programs 4 Limitation of liability IN NO EVENT WILL NORTEL NETWORKS OR ITS LICENSORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY COST OF SUBSTITUTE PROCUREMENT SPECIAL INDIRECT INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES RESULTING FROM INACCURATE OR LOST DATA OR LOSS OF USE OR PROFITS ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE PERFORMANCE OF THE SOFTWARE EVEN IF NORTEL NETWORKS HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES IN NO EVENT SHALL THE LIABILITY OF NORTEL NETWORKS RELATING TO THE SOFTWARE OR THIS AGREEMENT EXCEED THE PRICE PAID TO NORTEL NETWORKS FOR THE SOFTWARE LICENSE 5 Government licensees This provision applies to all Software and documentation acquired directly or indirectly by or on behalf of the United States Government The Software and documentation are commercial products licensed on the open market at market prices and were developed entirely at private expense and without the use of any U S Government funds The license to the U S Government is granted only with restricted rights and use duplication or disclosure by the U S Government is subject to the restrictions set forth in subparagraph c 1 of the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause of FAR 52 227 19 and the limitations set out in this license for civilian agencies and subparagraph c 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause of D
89. interface the router checks its flow filters if any are installed to see whether the packet matches the filter s criteria 308620 14 20 Rev 00 1 5 Configuring Differentiated Services 4 Packets that match the flow filter criteria are marked by the differentiated services application with a DS field pattern specified by the filter The value in the DS field determines whether the packet is sent to a high priority data queue for preferential treatment 5 After a packet is marked it is sent to the core network device where depending on the marking the packet receives preferential treatment as it is routed through the network and on to the destination host Figure 1 3 shows the Nortel Networks differentiated services architecture and how the router marks a packet 1 6 308620 14 20 Rev 00 OPS policy server TCP connection E COPS client communicates with the policy server Differentiated Services Overview J COPS client u 1 Inbound data gt Differentiated services 3 4 or application Classification policing and marking mechanism Flows with the DS field marked go to protocol prioritization 1 Router receives data Premium Protocol prioritization by mark in DS field marked High flows queue 4 Tiered Medium cia queue gt Unmarked Low flows EF queue 1 Ld LLL LL test
90. k commands at the differentiated services traffic filter prompt 308620 14 20 Rev 00 3 5 Configuring Differentiated Services Specifying Match Criteria The match criteria in a filter specify which fields in the IP header of each packet must contain the values that you specify You can also specify certain fields in the headers of TCP and UDP packets contained in the IP data field of IP packets To prepare to specify the filtering criteria navigate to the traffic filter prompt for example box ethernet 2 1 ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 diffserv traffic filter nortel and enter match You can specify match criteria for filters as described in the following sections Topic Page Source and destination network 3 6 Source and destination TCP and UDP port 3 7 Protocol identifier 3 9 DS field 3 10 URLs 3 11 TCP packets with ACK and RESET bits in the header 3 11 User defined criteria 3 12 Specifying Source and Destination Networks As Match Criteria To filter on source and destination networks go to the match prompt for example box ethernet 2 1 ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 diffserv traffic filter nortel match and do the following for each source and destination network that you want to filter on 1 Enter the following command source destination network address range address range specifies a range of IP addresses for source and destination networks The source network or destination netw
91. lter nortel match and enter the following command parameter lt range_of_ports gt parameter is one of the following Table 3 1 308620 14 20 Rev 00 3 7 Configuring Differentiated Services Table 3 1 TCP and UDP Match Criteria Parameters Parameter Specifies src tcp ports Source TCP port through which traffic is entering the network dest tcp ports Destination TCP port through which you are directing outbound network traffic src udp ports Source UDP port through which traffic is entering the network dest udp ports Destination UDP port through which you are directing outbound network traffic dest tcp udp ports Both destination TCP and UDP ports through which you are directing outbound network traffic src tcp udp ports Both source TCP and UDP ports through which traffic is entering the network range of ports is a space delimited list Table 3 2 lists some common TCP port and UDP port values Table 3 2 Common TCP Ports and Common UDP Ports Description TCP Port Description UDP Port FTP 20 21 DNS 53 Telnet 23 TFTP 69 SMTP 25 SNMP 161 DNS 53 SNMPTRAP 162 Gopher 70 HTTP 80 84 DLSw read port 2065 DLSw write port 2067 3 8 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Static Traffic Filters for Differentiated Services Example Source TCP Port This example specifies source TCP ports 20 80 and 53 through 56 as match criteria fo
92. mbine Drop and DiffServ Set Field DS Field If you add the action DiffServ Set Field the DS Field window opens Figure A 9 The DS field specifies the marking of the DS field in the IP packet header The value can be from 00000000 through 11111111 that is from 0 through 255 expressed in binary form Figure A 9 DS Field Window RFC 2474 defines specific guidelines for configuring the DS field Six bits of the DS field are used to select the per hop behavior of a packet as it travels through each node The last two bits of the field are currently unused The value of these two bits is ignored by differentiated services compliant nodes when determining the per hop behavior to apply to a packet A 18 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Site Manager Parameters DS Police Parameters To configure static traffic filters that police the data flow set the DS Police action for the filter and then configure the parameters in the DS Police window Figure A 10 Token Bucket Rate Kbps Token Bucket Size Bits Min Policed Butes Max Policed Butes 14294967295 Inprofile Marking 100000000 Inprofile Behavior MARK Dut of Profile Marking Out of Profile Behavior iNO CHANGE Figure A 10 DS Police Window 308620 14 20 Rev 00 A 19 Configuring Differentiated Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instruction
93. methods for installing 1 1 static action description 3 2 3 4 action specification 3 13 configuration example B 6 configuring 3 1 creating using Site Manager 3 19 creating using the BCC 3 5 criteria description 3 2 3 4 description 3 2 disabling 3 16 enabling using Site Manager 3 19 enabling using the BCC 3 16 match criteria 3 6 precedence description 3 3 precedence usage 3 5 range description 3 2 templates 3 2 3 17 terminology 3 1 types 2 4 2 5 URL 3 20 3 22 flow filter definition 1 2 installation 1 5 flow fairness QMS 6 5 H HTTP filters See URL filters l idle queue loss rate QMS 6 5 Inprofile Behavior parameter A 22 Inprofile Marking parameter A 21 interface parameters A 2 308620 14 20 Rev 00 interfaces deleting using Site Manager 4 7 deleting using the BCC 4 6 disabling using Site Manager 4 5 disabling using the BCC 4 4 enabling using Site Manager 2 5 enabling using the BCC 2 3 modifying 4 2 IP Address parameter COPS server A 16 diffserv global A 5 J jitter const QMS 6 5 K KeepAlive Time Period parameter A 11 keepalive timer COPS 5 5 L log action for static filters 3 15 mark action for static filters 3 13 match criteria destination network 3 6 DS field 3 10 protocol identifiers 3 9 source network 3 6 specifying 3 6 TCP and UDP ports 3 7 TCP established 3 11 URL 3 11 user defined 3 12 Max Policed bytes parameter A 21 Mi
94. n Policed bytes parameter A 20 N next hop interfaces configuration 1 8 308620 14 20 Rev 00 OPS connection to router 1 4 filter action requests 1 4 filter IDs 1 4 installing filters 1 2 See also policy server Optivity policy server See OPS Out of Profile Behavior parameter A 22 Out of Profile Marking parameter A 22 P packets marking for services 1 5 police action for static filters 3 14 policy server configuration example B 2 B 11 description 1 2 filter action requests 1 4 filter IDs 1 4 precedence for static filters described 3 3 usage 3 5 Priority parameter 5 5 A 10 priority queues time quantum 1 10 priority level QMS 6 6 priority time quantum QMS 6 6 product support xix protocol identifiers filter match criteria 3 9 publications hard copy xix Q QMS activating changes 6 3 average queue gain 6 5 best effort 6 5 byte limit 6 5 cfg pkt limit 6 5 cfg weight 6 5 Index 3 QMS continued classifiers changing RED functions 6 8 configuring 2 12 description 2 8 configuring 2 7 configuring queues 2 12 customizing 6 1 customizing RED 6 2 debug level 6 4 description 1 9 disabling 6 8 drop type 6 5 enabling 2 11 flow fairness 6 5 idle queue loss rate 6 5 jitter const 6 5 priority level 6 6 priority time quantum 6 6 queue customization 6 5 restarting 6 3 type of queue 6 6 queue management and scheduling See QMS queue quantum descripti
95. n operate Cops is running on slots Slot numbers on which COPS is running 308620 14 20 Rev 00 show cops servers Using BCC show Commands The show cops servers command displays a table of configured COPS servers or specific information based on the address filter that you use This command allows the following command filter flag and argument address ip address Displays information about the COPS server with the specified address The output includes the following information for each COPS server IP Address Priority Conn State Report Timer Keep Alive Timer Retry Count Conn Timer show diffserv global IP address of the COPS server The order in which the COPS client queries the COPS servers for filter information Whether the client connection to this COPS server is up or down The time between transmission of statistics reports to the server The time between transmission of keepalive packets to the server The number of connection attempts that the router makes before determining that the server is unreachable The seconds between connection retry attempts to the server The show diffserv global command displays the differentiated services base record This command takes no filter flags or filter arguments The output includes the following information State DS byte mask State of differentiated services Enabled Disabled or Notpresent The default IP packet header differentiate
96. n to the DiffServ Static Filters window 19 Apply the filter template according to the instructions in the next section 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Static Traffic Filters for Differentiated Services Applying the Template to a Filter After you create your differentiated services filter template you create a filter by applying the template to a differentiated services interface To apply a filter template complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the DiffServ Static Filters window click on Create The Create Filter window opens Type a name for the filter in the Filter Name field Select the differentiated services interface that will use this filter in the Interfaces list Select a template in the Templates list 5 Click on OK You return to the DiffServ Static Filters window Site Manager displays the filter name and its interface in the list Click on Done until you return to the Configuration Manager window 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Differentiated Services Configuring Filters for HTTP Packets To modify a filter to include URLs complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 See Creating a Filter Template on page 3 17 and follow steps 1 through 5 in the table 2 Click on Edit The Edit DiffServ Filters
97. nfigure filters 308620 14 20 Rev 00 2 5 Configuring Differentiated Services Go to one of the following sections to configure a filter mechanism Enabling COPS next section Creating Static Filters Using Site Manager on page 3 17 Enabling COPS To enable COPS complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure 1 You do this In the DiffServ Interface List window set the Config Type parameter to COPS Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 4 System responds 2 Click on Apply Site Manager displays a message informing you that the static filters will be deleted and asks if you want to continue 3 Click on OK 4 Click on COPS Global The Edit COPS Global Parameters window opens 5 Setthe following parameters Client IP Address Client ID Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 8 6 Click on OK You return to the DiffServ Interface List window 7 Click on COPS Servers The COPS Server List window opens 8 Click on Add The COPS Server Record window opens 9 Setthe IP Address parameter Click on Help or see the parameter description on page A 16 10 Click on OK You return to the COPS Server List window with the server entry listed 11 Click on Done You return to the DiffServ Interface List window 12 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window
98. nterface The following commands create a second priority queue on serial interface 5 1 and a classifier for this queue dsqms serial 5 1 dsqms queue 2 dsqms queue 2 serial 5 1 dsqms classifier 11111100 Packets with this DSCP field will be routed to this queue dsqms classifier 11111100 serial 5 1 back dsqms queue 2 serial 5 1 info average queue gain 30 best effort no byte limit 0 cfg pkt limit 0 cfg weight 1 drop type tail drop 308620 14 20 Rev 00 B 15 Configuring Differentiated Services flow fairness disabled id 2 idle queue loss rate 30 jitter const normal priority level 0 priority time quantum 100 State disabled type priority The following commands change the default values for the average queue gain and idle queue loss rate parameters The average queue gain is the percentage amount that the queue size must increase before RED computes a new average queue size used to determine drop probability the idle queue loss rate is the percentage amount that the queue size must decrease before RED computes a new average queue size You also assign a percentage of bandwidth to this queue priority time quantum parameter and enable the queue by default the queue is disabled when you create it Finally you go back to the interface DSQMS prompt and restart DSQMS dsqms queue 2 serial 5 14 average queue gain 40 40 queue gain must occur dsqms queue 2 serial 5 1 idle queue loss rate 40 40 queue reduction m
99. ny integer from 1 through 127 The software uses the precedence value to determine the relative position of the filter in the sequence of filters to be applied to each packet The traffic filter with a precedence of 1 is always applied first and the traffic filter with a precedence of 127 is always applied last If you do not specify a precedence the software automatically assigns a precedence equal to the greatest precedence value on that interface plus 1 Caution Applying traffic filters to a differentiated services interface without regard to their relative precedence can produce unwanted results For more information see Filter Precedence on page 3 3 Example Creating a Traffic Filter This example creates a traffic filter named nortel with no predefined precedence value The BCC calculates the next highest precedence value Later this filter will be set to match HTTP traffic from Nortel Networks To create a differentiated services traffic filter 1 Navigate to the differentiated services interface prompt for example box ethernet 2 1 ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 diffserv 2 Configure a differentiated services filter You must supply a filter name diffserv 2 2 2 2 traffic filter filter name nortel ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 You must set both filter criteria and filter actions to complete the creation of a static filter For more information refer to the sections that follow and use the info and question mar
100. o a low bandwidth link with smaller packets To prevent this problem link bandwidth weight and an average one round service timer are calculated together to create a queue quantum that determines scheduling The scheduler selects a queue to transmit from and its queue quantum is determined As packets leave the queue its queue quantum balance is decreased by the packets size The scheduler moves to the next queue when the current queue s balance becomes negative at which time the queue is considered in deficit This is the deficit element of deficit round robin The scheduler counts the deficit against the queue quantum balance on the next round robin dequeuing pass 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Chapter 2 Starting Differentiated Services The quickest way to configure differentiated services on the router is to enable it with the default configuration that Nortel Networks software supplies This configuration uses all available default values for the interface and COPS parameters You need to supply values only for required parameters This chapter includes the following topics Topic Page Planning for a Differentiated Services Network 2 2 Starting Configuration Tools 2 2 Preparing a Configuration File 2 2 Starting Differentiated Services Using the BCC 2 3 Starting Differentiated Services Using Site Manager 2 5 Configuring Queue Management and Scheduling 2 7 Where to Go Next 2 13
101. o an Interface sssssseeee 2 12 Adding a Traffic Classifier to a Queue 2 12 BOUTS UTS Koc RN 2 13 Chapter 3 Configuring Static Traffic Filters for Differentiated Services DiffServ Traffic Filter Concepts and Terminology eeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenmeen 3 1 Tamne Falter TEMPOS 1 esctbori bed Peelthpe Pe Piar oHG Ebrrd tent be Got Ple d Eo pua EE HERR ER ERR 3 2 uj e 3 2 a da s 0 MI RI 3 3 Fillor WU aodiaxsaeipatess db at ad teicher a cM b e d ERO ra oe 3 4 FRO Pe WO cis vias acereise resides cee ESAE pd td e ed eda E a FERE v ER RU DO ces Er DR C eda 1 3 4 Creating Static Filters Using the BCO isse pur nbn en ttn kenn nanc anrea eaa BE 3 5 pec tiles PASTOR e 3 6 Specifying Source and Destination Networks As Match Criteria 3 6 Specifying Source and Destination TCP and UDP Ports As Match Criteria 3 7 Specifying Protocol Identifiers As Match Criteria ssesessessssss 3 9 Specifying the DS Field As a Match Criterion eseessseeeeenees 3 10 Specifying URLs As Match Criteria 1c cerneret perii sxo Ee bra dne Fe ib EE Fou dEE 3 11 Specifying TCP Established Match Criteria ssssseseseeeeees 3 11 Specifying User Defined Match Criteria 3 12 Specifying me Acta of Trafi PINGS ies ii Epis en Eco Ie Ex ete Ehe bir inen io Enn 3 13 Specifying Police
102. o request flow filters from the policy server Using COPS the flow filters are already available from the policy server and are downloaded to the router upon request 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 26 2 1 7 URL Idle Out Timer Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces 120 1 to Ox7fffffff seconds Specifies the number of seconds that the router waits before a dynamic URL filter on the next hop interface is deleted Specify a value for the idle out time period 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 26 2 1 8 A 4 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Site Manager Parameters Interface Record Parameter The DiffServ Interface Record window Figure A 2 contains the IP Address parameter for the differentiated services interface This parameter lets you specify a configured IP address as a differentiated services interface Cancel OK Values Help IP Address Figure A 2 DiffServ Interface Record Window Parameter IP Address Path Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces gt Add Default None Options An existing IP address on the router Function Identifies a differentiated services interface on the router Instructions Enter the IP address of the differentiated services interface MIB Object ID Not Applicable 308620 14 20 Rev 00 A 5 Configuring Differentiated Services Differentiated Services Global Parameter The Edit DiffServ Global Parameters window Figure A 3 contains the
103. ocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers 1 1 to 128 Assigns a priority rating to the COPS server The lower the number the higher the priority For example a server with a priority of 2 will be the active server before a server with a priority of 3 Enter a priority value for the server 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 2 1 4 Connection Retry Period Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers 30 1 to 65535 seconds Specifies the time period in seconds between connection retry attempts to the server Enter a value for the connection retry interval 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 2 1 6 A 10 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Site Manager Parameters Connection Retry Count Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers 3 1 to 10 Specifies the number of connection attempts that the router makes before determining that the server is unreachable Enter a value for the number of connection retry attempts to the server 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 2 1 7 KeepAlive Time Period Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers 60 1 to 65535 seconds Specifies the time period in seconds between the transmission of keepalive packe
104. on 1 10 queue type QMS 6 6 R Random Early Detection See RED ranges for static filters 3 2 RED configuring 2 10 customizing 6 2 deleting configurations 6 9 deleting globally 6 9 description 1 9 2 7 enabling 2 10 Remote TCP Port parameter A 14 remote port COPS 5 5 Report Time Period parameter A 12 report timer COPS 5 5 retry counter COPS 5 5 RFC 2474 A 18 Index 4 S server manager description 1 3 servers COPS adding 5 3 deleting 5 11 disabling 5 10 prioritizing 5 4 show commands C 1 Site Manager enabling differentiated services 2 5 parameter descriptions A 1 starting 2 2 Solo Slot Mask parameter A 8 static filters action description 3 2 3 4 actions specifying 3 13 configuration example B 6 configuring 3 1 creating using Site Manager 3 19 creating using the BCC 3 5 criteria description 3 2 3 4 description 3 2 disabling 3 16 enabling using Site Manager 3 19 enabling using the BCC 3 16 log action 3 15 mark action 3 13 match criteria 3 6 police action 3 14 precedence description 3 3 usage 3 5 range description 3 2 templates 3 2 3 17 terminology 3 1 URL criteria 3 20 3 22 support Nortel Networks xix T TCP changing the port for COPS server 5 9 configuring the connection to COPS server 5 7 match ports criteria for static filters 3 7 308620 14 20 Rev 00 TCP continued match TCP established criterion for static filters 3 11 respon
105. onfigured parameters This command allows the same command filter flags and arguments as the show diffserv traffic filter detail command 308620 14 20 Rev 00 C 5 Configuring Differentiated Services The output includes the following information Cct IP Interface Filter Name State Status Type Precedence Total Pkts Bytes Oop Pkts Bytes show dsqms classifiers Circuit number where the traffic filter is configured IP interface where the traffic filter is configured Name of the traffic filter State of the traffic filter enabled or disabled Current status of the traffic filter active or inactive Type of traffic filter static or COPS Precedence level compared with other traffic filters on the interface lowest number takes precedence Amount of traffic processed by this filter Amount of traffic that was out of profile for the filter The show dsqms classifiers command displays a table of circuits where DSQMS classifiers are configured or specific information based on the filter that you use This command allows the following command filter flags and arguments circuit circuit no dscp octet value queue queue id red red id Displays information about the classifiers configured for the specified circuit Displays information about the classifiers configured to handle traffic with the specified DSCP Lists the DSQMS classifiers associated with the specified queue Lists the DSQ
106. onfiguring Differentiated Services To enable or disable the dequeue at line rate parameter go to the DSQMS prompt on the interface for example box serial 2 1 dsqms and enter dequeue at line rate enabled disabled For example the following commands enable the interface to dequeue packets at line rate box serial 2 1 dsqms dsqms serial 2 1 dequeue at line rate enabled dsqms serial 2 1 restart set dsqms serial 2 1 Modifying the DSQMS Debug Level on an Interface By default the router does not log messages generated by DSQMS To troubleshoot a problem you can configure the router to log DSQMS event messages for an interface by specifying trace or detailed for the debug level parameter To configure DSQMS event message logging go to the DSQMS prompt on the interface for example box serial 2 1 dsqms and enter debug level trace detailed trace logs related DSQMS function names detailed logs trace messages some environment variables and queue information To disable event message logging set the debug level parameter to none the default value Note For more information about any event message see the event database on the documentation CD For example the following commands modify the debug level to log as much information as possible and activate the change immediately dsqms serial 2 1 debug level detailed dsqms serial 2 1 restart set dsqms serial 2 1 6 4 308620 14 20 Rev 00
107. onst 1st Order Const Min Threshold Max Threshold Number of the RED instance Status of the RED instance Second order constant used when calculating drop probability First order constant used when calculating drop probability Queue size below which no packets are dropped by RED Queue size above which all packets are dropped by RED 308620 14 20 Rev 00 C 13 A acronyms xviii actions for static filters described 3 2 3 4 log 3 15 mark 3 13 police 3 14 specifying 3 13 average queue gain QMS 6 5 best effort QMS 6 5 byte limit QMS 6 5 C cfg pkt limit QMS 6 5 cfg weight QMS 6 5 classifiers changing RED functions 6 8 configuring 2 12 description 2 8 Client ID parameter A 8 Client IP Address parameter A 8 Common Open Policy Service ee COPS Config Type parameter A 4 configuration examples B 1 Connection Retry Count parameter A 11 Connection Retry Period parameter A 10 connection timer COPS 5 5 conventions text xvi 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Index COPS adding servers 5 3 connecting to a server 5 5 connection with policy server 1 4 connection timer 5 5 deleting from the router 5 13 deleting servers 5 11 disabling 5 12 disabling servers 5 10 enabling using Site Manager 2 6 enabling using the BCC 2 4 global parameters modifying 5 2 A 7 keepalive timer 5 5 prioritizing servers 5 4 priority parameter 5 5 remote port 5 5 report timer 5 5 retry counter
108. ops cops server 192 32 46 7 cops server 192 32 46 7 308620 14 20 Rev 00 B 5 Configuring Differentiated Services Differentiated Services Network Using Static Traffic Filters In this configuration example a corporate enterprise network connects employees to corporate information such as benefits forms The employees need to download forms which are HTTP pages from a server When a client requests a form this request and data should receive a higher priority than other requests so differentiated services is implemented In this network instead of using filters configured on a policy server filters are configured statically on the router To implement differentiated services in this network you must configure two interfaces on the router One interface sends data to the clients and the other sends requests and control packets locally to the server Two interfaces are needed because the router can implement inbound filtering only for differentiated services which means that the router filters only packets that it receives not those that it sends Figure B 2 shows the differentiated services network Client PC AN2 192 32 9 7 Enterprise 192 32 40 8 128 9 7 26 80 E r4 E
109. ork prompt appears 2 Go back to the match prompt back 3 6 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Static Traffic Filters for Differentiated Services Example Source and Destination Network Criteria match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 24 source network 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 4 source network ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 4 4 4 44 back match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 24 destination network 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 destination network ds filter nortel 4 4 4 4 5 5 5 5 back match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 Specifying Source and Destination TCP and UDP Ports As Match Criteria To filter on TCP ports UDP ports or both you can specify only one of the following criteria for each filter e Source TCP ports destination TCP ports or both e Source UDP ports destination UDP ports or both e Both destination TCP and UDP ports e Both source TCP and UDP ports After you specify one of these options the BCC prevents you from specifying another in the same filter For example if you specify source TCP ports you can also specify destination TCP ports but you cannot specify source UDP ports When you specify one of these values the BCC automatically assigns the associated protocol ID 6 for TCP or 17 for UDP to the protocol parameter Therefore you cannot modify the protocol parameter of a filter that specifies a TCP or UDP port value To filter on TCP or UDP ports navigate to the match prompt for example box ethernet 2 1 ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 diffserv traffic fi
110. ort Licensee agrees not to export directly or indirectly the Software or related technical data or information without first obtaining any required export licenses or other governmental approvals Without limiting the foregoing Licensee on behalf of itself and its subsidiaries and affiliates agrees that it will not without first obtaining all export licenses and approvals required by the U S Government 1 export re export transfer or divert any such Software or technical data or any direct product thereof to any country to which such exports or re exports are restricted or embargoed under United States export control laws and regulations or to any national or resident of such restricted or embargoed countries or ii provide the Software or related technical data or information to any military end user or for any military end use including the design development or production of any chemical nuclear or biological weapons 9 General If any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid or unenforceable by a court of competent jurisdiction the remainder of the provisions of this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect This Agreement will be governed by the laws of the state of California Should you have any questions concerning this Agreement contact Nortel Networks 4401 Great America Parkway PO Box 58185 Santa Clara California 95054 8185 LICENSEE ACKNOWLEDGES THAT LICENSEE HAS READ THIS AGREEMENT UNDERSTANDS IT
111. ovided Displays information about only the interfaces where DSQMS is active inactive or not present depending upon the argument provided The output includes the following information Cct State Status Best effort Queue Id Priority Queues Weighted Queues Name of the interface State of DSQMS on the interface enabled or disabled Current status of DSQMS active inactive or not present Queue on the interface that is used for best effort traffic Number of priority queues configured Number of weighted queues configured show dsqms queues detail The show dsqms queues detail command lists all DSQMS queues or specific information based on the filter flags that you use This command allows the following command filter flags and arguments besteffort yes no circuit circuit no Displays information about only best effort queues or only non best effort queues depending upon the argument provided Displays information about queues on the specified circuit only 308620 14 20 Rev 00 C 9 Configuring Differentiated Services droptype type flowfairness enabled disabled id id number state enabled disabled status active inactive notpresent type priority weighted Circuit Id State Status Type Best Effort Priority Level Priority Quantum Pkt Limit Byte Limit Cfg Weight Actual Weight Quantum bytes Flow Fairness Display
112. p actions ds filter filter2 2 2 2 24 back ds filter filter2 2 2 2 2 info filter name filter2 precedence 1 state enabled ds filter filter2 2 2 2 24 back diffserv 2 2 2 2 3 16 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Static Traffic Filters for Differentiated Services Creating Static Filters Using Site Manager When you create traffic filters using Site Manager understand the difference between a traffic filter template and an actual traffic filter A filter template is a reusable predefined specification for a traffic filter You create an actual traffic filter when you apply a filter template to a configured router interface You can apply a single template to as many interfaces as you want Each template must contain filter criteria and filter actions log drop accept set DS field set DS police The actions are performed on the filtered packets Note Log is the only action that you can combine with other actions For example you cannot combine Set DS Field and Set DS Police for one filter Creating a Filter Template To configure a differentiated services filter template complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens Choose IP The IP menu opens Choose DiffServ The DiffServ menu opens Choose Interfaces The DiffServ Interface List window opens a
113. packet matches the criteria the traffic filter adds an entry that contains limited traffic filter information to the system event log file detailed indicates that the traffic filter adds an entry that contains detailed differentiated services traffic filter information to the system event log file 308620 14 20 Rev 00 3 15 Configuring Differentiated Services Disabling and Reenabling Traffic Filters By default traffic filters are enabled on a differentiated services interface To disable or reenable a traffic filter on a differentiated services interface go to the traffic filter prompt for example box ethernet 2 1 ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 diffserv traffic filter nortel and enter state disabled enabled The following example shows how to disable and reenable a differentiated services traffic filter on an interface ds filter nortel 2 2 2 24 state disabled ds filter nortel 2 2 2 24 state enabled ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 Configuration Example This example demonstrates the entire process of creating a differentiated services traffic filter on a differentiated services interface The traffic filter drops HTTP traffic box ethernet 2 1 ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 diffserv diffserv 2 2 2 2 traffic filter filter name filter2 ds filter filter2 2 2 2 24 match match ds filter filter2 2 2 2 2 dest tcp ports 80 match ds filter filter2 2 2 2 2 back ds filter filter2 2 2 2 24 actions actions ds filter filter2 2 2 2 2 action dro
114. r Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens 2 Choose Global Protocols The Global Protocols menu opens 3 Choose COPS Client 4 Choose COPS Delete The COPS Client menu opens A confirmation window prompts Do you REALLY want to delete COPS 5 Click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window 308620 14 20 Rev 00 5 13 Chapter 6 Customizing Queue Management and Scheduling You can customize many aspects of how differentiated services queue management and scheduling DSQMS handles packets to optimize performance Use the BCC configuration tool to customize RED and DSQMS This chapter describes how to customize DSQMS and includes the following topics Topic Page Moditying RED Parameters 6 2 Activating DSQMS Configuration Changes on an Interface 6 3 Configuring DSQMS to Dequeue Packets at Line Rate 6 3 Modifying the DSQMS Debug Level on an Interface 6 4 Modifying a DSQMS Queue 6 5 Changing a DSQMS Classifiers RED Function 6 8 Disabling DSQMS on an Interface 6 8 Disabling a Single DSQMS Queue 6 9 Deleting Unused dsqms red Entries 6 9 308620 14 20 Rev 00 6 1 Configuring Differentiated Services Modifying RED Parameters After you activate RED on the router you configure different ways that RED functions through multipl
115. r Protocol ICMP Internet Control Message Protocol IGMP Internet Group Management Protocol IGP Interior Gateway Protocol IP Internet Protocol ISO International Organization for Standardization LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol NHRP Next Hop Resolution Protocol OSPF Open Shortest Path First QMS queue management and scheduling RED random early detection RSVP Resource Reservation Protocol TCP Transmission Control Protocol UDP User Datagram Protocol URL uniform resource locator WRED weighted random early detection xviii 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Preface Hard Copy Technical Manuals You can print selected technical manuals and release notes free directly from the Internet Go to the www25 nortelnetworks com library tpubs URL Find the product for which you need documentation Then locate the specific category and model or version for your hardware or software product Use Adobe Acrobat Reader to open the manuals and release notes search for the sections you need and print them on most standard printers Go to Adobe Systems at the www adobe com URL to download a free copy of the Adobe Acrobat Reader You can purchase selected documentation sets CDs and technical publications through the Internet at the www1 fatbrain com documentation nortel URL How to Get Help If you purchased a service contract for your Nortel Networks product from a distributor or authorized reseller contact the technical support staff for th
116. r the filter nortel match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 src tcp ports 20 80 53 56 match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 Example Destination TCP Port This example specifies destination TCP ports 30 90 and 50 through 53 as match criteria match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 dest tcp ports 30 90 50 53 match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 Example Source UDP Port This example specifies source UDP port 162 as a match criterion match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 src udp ports 162 match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 Example Destination TCP and UDP Ports This example specifies both destination TCP and UDP ports 53 as match criteria match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 dest tcp udp ports 53 match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 Specifying Protocol Identifiers As Match Criteria Internet Protocol Version 4 IPv4 specifies an 8 bit protocol field to identify the next level protocol You can use the protocol field to identify traffic that you want to filter on Note If you filter on a TCP or UDP source or destination the software automatically changes the value to the protocol number associated with TCP or UDP If you specify a protocol other than TCP or UDP the software prevents you from filtering on the TCP or UDP source or destination Otherwise the offset associated with one of the parameters in the non UDP TCP packet could coincidentally match the filter and the software would perform the filter s action 308620 14 20 Rev 00 3 9
117. red red show config r red dsqms red id 1 max threshold 85 min threshold 40 back back red box box ethernet 3 1 ethernet 3 1 show config r ethernet slot 3 connector 1 circuit name E31 ip address 192 32 37 106 mask 255 255 255 224 arp back diffserv traffic filter filter name E31 MrkGrp 1 match source network range 192 32 37 101 back back actions action mark mark value 10101000 back back back back 308620 14 20 Rev 00 B 17 Configuring Differentiated Services back ethernet 3 14 box serial 5 1 dsqms dsqms serial 5 1 show config r dsqms dsqms queue id 1 best effort yes cfg weight 3 drop type red state enabled type weighted dsqms classifier dscp 10101000 E queue id 1 red id 1 back back dsqms queue id 2 average queue gain 40 idle queue loss rate 40 priority time quantum 200 state enabled dsqms classifier dscp 11111100 E queue id 2 back back back B 18 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Appendix C Using BCC show Commands To display configuration and statistical data about differentiated services from the management information base MIB use the BCC show command This appendix contains descriptions of the following show commands Command Page how lobal C 2 show cops servers C 3 show diffserv global C 3 show diffserv interfaces C 4 show diffserv traffic filter detail CS show diffserv traffic filter summary C 5 show d
118. rks on a time averaged queue length not an instantaneous one to prevent problems with low bandwidth high burst queues Packets are dropped from queues on a probability basis which increases as the average queue size grows When a queue reaches the max threshold value set for the associated RED function the default is 8096 probability reaches 100 percent The router computes average queue size and can detect oncoming congestion When the min threshold value is reached the router begins dropping packets in direct relation to any increase in average queue size until the average queue size falls below the min threshold value If the originating router is using TCP it detects packet loss requests a re send and reduces the window size for acknowledgment In effect it reduces the transmission rate in response to congestion The BayRS implementation of DSQMS allows a mix of strict priority queuing and bandwidth allocation on a single interface Flows entering either a weighted or a priority queue can then be managed by RED Assigning different RED functions to each traffic class DSCP is known as weighted RED or WRED The process of assigning different drop probabilities WRED on a per flow or class DSCP basis allows a more granular approach to managing flows or traffic types of different packet sizes You can configure WRED on a queue by queue basis 308620 14 20 Rev 00 1 9 Configuring Differentiated Services Queue Scheduling Usin
119. rt 4000 TCP destination port 59862 Police action 2 MB s Idle time 2 minutes Mark 01000000 The sequence of events in this network is as follows 1 When the router activates it connects to the policy server The policy server automatically installs the flow filter F1 on the router The remote video client establishes a TCP connection to the video server and requests the video data The video server begins sending the data to the client The router looks at each packet that it receives and marks the video packets according to the configuration of the flow filter F1 When the core devices in the network receive the marked packets they look at the DS field interpret the marked packet and give the video data priority over other data sending the data to the remote video client After all the data is sent the BLN router waits for 2 minutes which in this example is the idle time and then removes the flow filter It then sends a message to the policy server indicating that the flow filter has been removed Configuring the Router Using Site Manager The router s configuration for the differentiated services network in Figure B 1 is shown in the following sections These tables provide instructions on how to access the appropriate Site Manager windows and configure specific parameters Only those parameters that you must change from the default value are listed If a parameter is not included it means that you can
120. rvices from an interface with a policing filter without removing the filter first If you are certain that you no longer need to police the interface delete the filter Enter the following command ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 delete diffserv 2 2 2 2 ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 To globally delete differentiated services 1 Delete differentiated services from each IP interface where it is configured You cannot globally delete differentiated services using the BCC if any differentiated services interfaces exist Navigate to the global IP prompt for example box ip Enter the following command ip delete diffserv ip 4 6 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Customizing Differentiated Services Using Site Manager To delete a single interface complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Protocols menu opens choose Protocols 2 Choose IP The IP menu opens 3 Choose DiffServ The DiffServ menu opens 4 Choose Interfaces The DiffServ Interface List window opens 5 Select the interface that you want to Site Manager removes the interface from delete and click on Delete the list 6 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window To globally delete differentiated services from all IP interfaces on which it is configured complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You
121. s MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Token Bucket Rate Kbps Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces gt Traffic Filt gt Template gt Create gt Action gt Add gt DiffServ Set Police None Any integer Sets the rate at which the router accepts data Specifying the data rate can prevent the host from sending too much data to the router Enter a value for the data rate Not applicable Token Bucket Size Bits Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces gt Traffic Filt gt Template gt Create gt Action gt Add gt DiffServ Set Police None Any integer Determines the burst size of the data that the router accepts This parameter enables the router to guard against large bursts of data it balances the flow of data Enter a value for the bucket size Not applicable Min Policed Bytes Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces gt Traffic Filt gt Template gt Create gt Action gt Add gt DiffServ Set Police 20 Any integer Specifies the minimum packet size that the router allows for the network If the packet size is smaller than the value set for this parameter the router uses this parameter value as the packet size If the packet size is larger than this parameter the router uses the packet s actual size Enter a value for the minimum p
122. s information about queues with the specified drop type only Displays information about only queues with flow fairness enabled or only queues with flow fairness disabled depending upon the argument provided Displays information about queues with the specified identification Queues on different interfaces may have the same identification Displays information about only the queues that are enabled or disabled depending upon the argument provided Displays information about only queues that are active inactive or not present depending upon the argument provided Displays information about only priority or weighted queues depending upon the argument provided The output includes the following information Name of the interface Identification number of the queue State of the DSQMS queue enabled or disabled Status of the queue active inactive or not present Type of queue priority or weighted Does queue handle best effort traffic for the interface yes or no Priority number assigned to the queue Amount of time that this priority queue is allowed to transmit traffic during round robin queue servicing Maximum number of packets this queue can hold Maximum number of bytes this queue can hold Configured percentage of traffic for a weighted queue Actual percentage of traffic for a weighted queue If the configured weight percentages add up to more than 100 actual weights are calculated proportionally
123. s the DSCP DS field of any lt dscp_octet gt packet that matches the filter to the specified binary octet police action police Police actions are activated on the router and you police enter the police context You must specify policing parameters as described in Table 3 5 Example Mark Action This example creates a filter that marks packets sent from IP address 192 168 44 5 with a new value in the DS field ds filter nortel 2 2 2 24 match match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 source network 192 168 44 5 source network ds filter nortel 192 168 44 54 back match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 24 back ds filter nortel 2 2 2 24 actions actions ds filter nortel 2 2 2 24 action mark mark value 00111100 actions ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 The mark value is a binary number Because the last two bits of the DS field are currently unused the last two bits for mark value must be set to 0 308620 14 20 Rev 00 3 13 Configuring Differentiated Services For information about how DSQMS uses the DS field refer to Configuring Queue Management and Scheduling on page 2 7 and to RFC 2474 Definition of the Differentiated Services Field DS Field in the IPv4 and IPv6 Headers Specifying Police Parameters If you add the police action to a filter you must configure policing parameters in the police context To set the policing actions navigate to the police prompt for example box ethernet 2 1 ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 diffserv traffi
124. se to WRED queue management 1 9 TCP KeepAlive Interval parameter 5 6 A 12 TCP KeepAlive Max Retry Cnt parameter 5 6 A 13 TCP KeepAlive RTO parameter 5 6 A 13 technical publications xix technical support xix templates filter description 3 2 text conventions xvi time quantum description 1 10 Token Bucket Rate Kbps parameter A 20 Token Bucket Size Bits parameter A 20 type parameter QMS 6 6 U UDP match ports criteria for static filters 3 7 URL filters described 1 8 match criterion 3 11 3 20 modifying 3 22 URL Idle Out Timer parameter A 4 usage 1 8 URL parameter A 23 Ww weighted queues queue quantum 1 10 WRED Weighted Random Early Detection description 1 9 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Index 5
125. slot mask the COPS client s IP address or the client ID after you initially configure them However you can modify these parameters Using the BCC To modify the client s address ID or solo slot mask 1 Navigate to the global COPS prompt for example box cops 2 Reset the address ID and solo slot mask as needed cops address 2 2 2 7 cops id sparta cops solo slot mask 2 4 5 cops Using Site Manager To modify the client s address ID or slot mask complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window The Protocols menu opens choose Protocols 2 Choose Global Protocols The Global Protocols menu opens 3 Choose COPS Client The COPS Client menu opens 4 Choose COPS Global The Edit COPS Global Parameters window opens 5 Setthe following parameters e Solo Slot Mask e Client IP Address Client ID Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 8 6 Click on OK You return to the Configuration Manager window 5 2 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Adding COPS Servers Customizing COPS You can add COPS servers to your router configuration to provide additional or backup filter information Using the BCC To add COPS servers that the router can communicate with Navigate to the global COPS prompt for example box cops Configure a COPS server providing the IP address of a
126. specific information based on the filter that you use This command allows the following command filter flags and arguments circuit circuit no Displays information about the specified interface only state enabled Displays information about only the interfaces where DSQMS disabled is either enabled or disabled depending upon the argument provided status active Displays information about only the interfaces where DSQMS inactive notpresent is active inactive or not present depending upon the argument provided The output includes the following information Circuit Name of the interface State State of DSQMS on the interface enabled or disabled Status Current status of DSQMS active inactive or not present 308620 14 20 Rev 00 C 7 Configuring Differentiated Services Total Queues Cfg PQueues Cfg WQueues PQueues In Use WQueues In Use Debug Level Best effort Queue Id Pkt Count Byte Count Xmit Pkts Xmit Bytes Dropped Pkts Dropped Bytes Number of DSQMS queues configured on the interface Number of priority queues configured Number of weighted queues configured Number of priority queues in use Number of weighted queues in use Current setting for entering debug messages in the event log Queue on the interface that is used for best effort traffic Number of packets queued Number of octets queued Number of packets transmitted Number of octets transmitted Number of dropped packets
127. sqms classifiers C 6 show dsqms interfaces details C 7 show dsqms interfaces stats C 8 show dsqms interfaces summary C 9 show dsqms queues detail C 9 show dsqms queues stats C 11 show dsqms queues summary C 12 show dsqms red C 13 308620 14 20 Rev 00 C 1 Configuring Differentiated Services Online Help for show Commands To display a list of command options enter one of these commands at any BCC prompt e show cops e show diffserv show dsqms To learn more about any show command option and its syntax use the question mark command as follows Example bcc Show diffserv show diffserv global interfaces traffic filter bcc Show diffserv traffic filter show diffserv traffic filter detail summary bcc Show diffserv traffic filter detail show diffserv traffic filter detail precedence lt arg gt type lt arg gt status lt arg gt name lt arg gt interface lt arg gt show cops global The show cops global command displays the COPS client base record This record shows how the router is configured as a client for COPS servers This command takes no filter flags or filter arguments The output includes the following information State State of the COPS client Enabled Disabled or Notpresent Client IP Address IP address of the router interface that serves as the COPS client ID Alphanumeric string that identifies the COPS client Solo Slot Slot number on which the COPS soloist ca
128. st window opens parameter then click on OK The interface is now enabled 5 Keep the DiffServ Interface List window open and go to the next section 308620 14 20 Rev 00 B 7 Configuring Differentiated Services Configure a Static Filter To configure a filter template that includes the DS police action complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the DiffServ Interface List window select the interface that you want to modify and click on Traffic Filt The DiffServ Static Filters window opens Click on Template The Filter Template Management window opens Click on Create The Create DiffServ Template window opens Enter httpfilter in the Filter Name field 5 Choose Criteria The Criteria menu opens 6 Choose Add and add the following criteria IP Source Address 128 9 7 0 to 128 9 7 255 e IP Destination Address 192 32 40 8 e TCP frame gt TCP Destination Port 80 e Add URL URL www hradmin com 7 Choose Action The Action menu opens 8 Choose Add The Add menu opens To filter using the DiffServ Police choose DiffServ Set Police and set the following parameters e Token Bucket Rate Kbps 5 MB s Token Bucket Size Bits 1600 Inprofile Marking 00100000 10 Click on Save You return to the Create DiffServ Template window 11 Click on OK You return to the F
129. t Xmit Pkts Xmit Bytes Name of the circuit Identification number of the queue Number of packets queued Number of octets queued Number of packets transmitted Number of octets transmitted 308620 14 20 Rev 00 C 11 Configuring Differentiated Services Dropped Pkts Number of dropped packets Dropped Bytes Number of dropped octets show dsqms queues summary The show dsqms queues summary command displays a table of interfaces where DSQMS is configured or specific information based on the filter flags that you use with a subset of the information from the show dsqms queues detail command This command allows the following command filter flags and arguments besteffort yes no Displays information about only best effort queues or only non best effort queues depending upon the argument provided circuit circuit no Displays information about queues on the specified circuit only droptype type Displays information about queues with the specified drop type only flowfairness Displays information about only queues with flow fairness enabled disabled enabled or only queues with flow fairness disabled depending upon the argument provided id lt id_number gt Displays information about queues with the specified identification Queues on different interfaces may have the same identification state enabled Displays information about only the queues that are enabled disabled or disabled dependin
130. t matches the criteria so that it receives priority actions ds filter httpfilter 192 32 9 7 police police ds filter httpfilter 192 police ds filter httpfilter 192 police ds filter httpfilter 192 police ds filter httpfilter 192 inprofile behavior mark inprofile marking 00100000 max policed 4294967295 min policed 20 32 2324 a Bids 32 outprofile behavior no change outprofile marking 00000000 token bucket rate 5000 token bucket size 1600 MO XO O Oo 7 token bucket rate 5000 7 token bucket size 1600 7 inprofile marking 00100000 7 info B 10 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuration Examples Queue Management and Scheduling Configuration Example This section provides an example of how to configure all the elements necessary to set up DSQMS on a router To implement differentiated services queue management and scheduling in this sample network you configure two interfaces on the router e The Ethernet interface receives inbound data and using a traffic filter that matches a particular source network marks the DSCP of the packets e The WAN interface is configured with two DSQMS queues that sort the traffic to be forwarded The following sections show the commands that you would enter to create this sample configuration The commands in this section do the following 1 Configure an Ethernet interface for differentiated services and configure a traffic filter on that interface to mark selected
131. t deleting it select Disabled MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 1 2 308620 14 20 Rev 00 A 7 Configuring Differentiated Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Solo Slot Mask Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Global All slots on the router The number of slots varies by hardware platform Hex number representing the slots on the router up to slot 14 Specifies the mask for the slot on which the soloist can operate The most significant bit MSB represents slot 1 the next most significant bit represents slot 2 and so on up to slot 14 In most cases accept the default If you want to change how the router manages its slot resources change the slot mask by clicking on Values and specifying the slots for the COPS soloist 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 1 6 Client IP Address Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Global None An IP address of a router interface Specifies the IP interface address of the COPS client that is the router COPS uses this address to communicate with the policy server Enter the IP address on the router that acts as the COPS client 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 1 8 Client ID
132. terface you may experience latency problems with the highest priority queues To avoid such problems Set the DSQMS interface parameter dequeue at line rate to enabled the default value is disabled See Configuring DSQMS to Dequeue Packets at Line Rate on page 6 3 for instructions Ensure that the amount of high priority traffic is not excessive in the highest priority queues e If you implement RED for queue management instead of tail drop that is you set the queue parameter drop type to red and you associate the queue classifier with a RED function the probability of dropping packets may adversely affect the latency requirements of some applications Adjust the following parameters to achieve the required latency levels for the queue RED parameters min threshold and max threshold see Modifying RED Parameters on page 6 2 for instructions Queue parameters average queue gain and idle queue loss rate see Modifying a DSQMS Queue on page 6 5 for instructions 308620 14 20 Rev 00 2 9 Configuring Differentiated Services DSQMS Configuration Steps To configure DSQMS you perform the following steps Each step is described in the following sections 1 Enable the weighted RED algorithm on the router 2 Create one or more sets of attributes dsqms red objects that can be used by queues on the interfaces 3 Enable DSQMS on an interface 4 Create one or more queues on the interface 5 Cre
133. that you want to modify continued 5 6 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Customizing COPS Site Manager Procedure continued You do this System responds 6 Setthe following parameters Connection Retry Period e Connection Retry Count e KeepAlive Time Period Report Time Period Click on Help or see the parameter descriptions beginning on page A 10 7 Click on Apply 8 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window Maintaining the TCP Connection to the Server The router communicates with the COPS server across a TCP connection To keep the connection established even when there is no data being transmitted you can configure keepalive timers and retry counts to maintain the connection Using the BCC To modify the keepalive parameters that maintain the TCP connection 1 Navigate to the COPS server that you want to modify for example box cops cops server 192 1 1 1 2 Setoneor more of the TCP parameters described in Table 5 1 For example the following commands set the maximum number of retries for unacknowledged keepalive messages to 10 the time period between keepalive messages to 90 seconds and the keepalive retransmit timeout period to 90 seconds cops server 192 1 1 1 tcp keepalive max retry 10 cops server 192 1 1 14 tcp keepalive timer 90 cops server 192 1 1 1 tcp rto 90 cops server 192 1 1 1 308620 14 20 Rev 00 5 7 Configuring Differentiate
134. the router how to treat the packet if it does not fit the filter profile If you want the packet to be marked according to the value in the Out of Profile Marking parameter select Mark If you want the router to drop the packet select Drop Otherwise accept the default No Change Not applicable A 22 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Site Manager Parameters HTTP Filter Parameter You can filter packets based on URL strings To do this specify the URL in the Add URL window Figure A 11 Figure A 11 Add URL Window Parameter URL Path Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt IP gt DiffServ gt Interfaces gt Traffic Filt gt Template gt Create gt Criteria gt Add gt Add URL Default None Options A URL for an HTTP host up to a maximum of 128 characters Function Specifies the URL that the router should use as a filter criterion If the router receives a packet with this URL the router filters the packet Instructions Specify a URL for the filter for example www website com You do not need to enter http before the URL the router adds http automatically MIB Object ID Not applicable 308620 14 20 Rev 00 A 23 Appendix B Configuration Examples This appendix contains the following configuration examples Topic Page Differentiated Services Network Using Dynamic Filters B 2 Differentiated Services Network Using Static Traffic Filters B 6 Queue Management and Scheduling Configuration
135. the warranty period along with proof of the date of shipment This warranty does not apply if the media has been damaged as a result of accident misuse or abuse The Licensee assumes all responsibility for selection of the Software to achieve Licensee s intended results and for the installation use and results obtained from the Software Nortel Networks does not warrant a that the functions contained in the software will meet the Licensee s requirements b that the Software will operate in the hardware or software combinations that the Licensee may select c that the operation of the Software will be uninterrupted or error free or d that all defects in the operation of the Software will be corrected Nortel Networks is not obligated to remedy any Software defect that cannot be reproduced with the latest Software release These warranties do not apply to the Software if it has been i altered except by Nortel Networks or in accordance with its instructions ii used in conjunction with another vendor s product resulting in the defect or iii damaged by improper environment abuse misuse accident or negligence THE FOREGOING WARRANTIES AND LIMITATIONS ARE EXCLUSIVE REMEDIES AND ARE IN LIEU OF ALL OTHER WARRANTIES EXPRESS OR IMPLIED INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE Licensee is responsible 308620 14 20 Rev 00 iii for the security of its own data and information and for mainta
136. thernet 2 1 ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 diffserv traffic filter nortel match and enter the following command tcp established on off 308620 14 20 Rev 00 3 11 Configuring Differentiated Services Example TCP Established Criteria In this example the router filters packets with the ACK and RESET bits in the TCP header turned on match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 tcp established on match ds filter nortel 2 2 2 2 Specifying User Defined Match Criteria You can specify user defined criteria in differentiated services traffic filters by specifying an offset and length based on the reference fields in the IP header To specify user defined criteria go to the match prompt for example box ethernet 2 1 ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 diffserv traffic filter nortel match and enter user defined reference value offset value bitwidth value range value reference is a known bit position in the packet header either start ip header or end ip header offset specifies the first position of the filtered bit pattern in relation to the reference point measured in bits bitwidth specifies the total bit length that matches the packet criteria range specifies a minimum and maximum target value to apply to the match criterion For a single value you must specify the minimum value in hexadecimal format You can precede the value with Ox Example User Defined Criteria This example specifies user defined criteria to create
137. through Indicates the maximum amount of time in milliseconds that the 5000 default queue is allowed to transmit data Applicable to priority queues only 100 state disabled default Indicates whether the queue is functioning or not enabled type priority default Selects the queue scheduling type strict priority or weighted deficit weighted round robin DRR You cannot change the id parameter of an existing DSQMS queue To make this change you must create a new queue To modify a DSQMS queue 1 Navigate to the specific DSQMS queue on an interface box serial 2 1 dsqms dsqms queue 1 dsqms queue 1 serial 2 1 2 Use the info command to display the current values for this queue dsqms queue 1 serial 2 1 info average queue gain 30 best effort no byte limit 0 cfg pkt limit 0 cfg weight 1 drop type tail drop flow fairness disabled id 1 idle queue loss rate 30 jitter const normal priority level 0 priority time quantum 100 State enabled type priority dsqms queue 1 serial 2 1 Note that the BCC displays all parameters whether they are applicable to the queue type priority or weighted or not If a parameter is not applicable the info command displays its default value and the parameter cannot be changed 6 6 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Customizing Queue Management and Scheduling Table 6 3 lists the DSQMS queue parameters that you can change for each queue
138. tiated Services Disabling and Reenabling Differentiated Services After you create a differentiated services interface by default it is enabled You can disable and reenable a single interface or all interfaces at any time Using the BCC To disable a single interface 1 Navigate to the diffserv prompt on the IP interface ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 04 diffserv diffserv 2 2 2 2 2 Enter the following command diffserv 2 2 2 24 disable diffserv 2 2 2 2 To reenable differentiated services on an interface enter the following command diffserv 2 2 2 2 enable diffserv 2 2 2 2 To globally disable differentiated services 1 Navigate to the global IP prompt for example box ip 2 Enter the following command ip disable diffserv ip To globally reenable differentiated services enter the following command ip enable diffserv ip 4 4 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Using Site Manager Customizing Differentiated Services To disable or reenable a single interface complete the following tasks Site Manager Procedure You do this System responds 1 In the Configuration Manager window choose Protocols The Protocols menu opens Choose IP The IP menu opens Choose DiffServ Choose Interfaces The DiffServ menu opens The DiffServ Interface List window opens oU RIO Select the interface that you want to disable or reenable Set the Enable parameter Click on Help or see t
139. ting Differentiated Services Starting Differentiated Services Using the BCC Starting differentiated services involves enabling differentiated services on the router choosing a filter mechanism and enabling the COPS protocol if applicable Enabling Differentiated Services To enable differentiated services on the router using the BCC you must first add differentiated services globally to the router and then add it to each interface that will support differentiated services Note The BCC will not let you configure differentiated services on an interface that has traffic filters You must first delete the traffic filters before you can add differentiated services to the interface To configure differentiated services globally on the router with the default settings 1 Inconfiguration mode navigate to the global IP prompt for example box ip box ip ipt 2 Configure differentiated services for IP ips diffserv diffserv To configure differentiated services on an IP interface 1 Navigate to the IP interface prompt for example box ethernet 2 2 ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 2 Enable differentiated services on the interface ip 2 2 2 2 255 0 0 0 diffserv diffserv 2 2 2 2 The BCC assigns default values to all differentiated services parameters 308620 14 20 Rev 00 2 3 Configuring Differentiated Services Choosing a Filter Mechanism When you enable differentiated services you must select a mechanism
140. ts to the server Enter a value for the transmission interval between keepalive packets Note that the router negotiates this value with the server If the server replies with a value that is different from the value you set the router uses the server s value 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 2 1 8 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Differentiated Services Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Path Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Report Time Period Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers 360 1 to 65535 seconds Specifies the time period in seconds between the transmission of statistics reports to the server The statistics reports provide information for each flow filter Enter a value for the transmission interval between reports Note that the router negotiates this value with the server If the server replies with a value that is different from the value you set the router uses the server s value 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 25 1 2 1 9 TCP KeepAlive Interval Configuration Manager gt Protocols gt Global Protocols gt COPS Client gt COPS Servers 60 0 to 65535 seconds Specifies the time period in seconds between the transmission of keepalive packets that the router sends across a TCP connection Enter a value for the transmission interval between TCP keepalive packets Ent
141. turn to the DiffServ Interface List window 4 Click on COPS Servers The COPS Server List window opens continued 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuration Examples Site Manager Procedure continued You do this System responds 5 Click on Add The COPS Server Record window opens 6 Set the COPS server s IP Address parameter to 192 32 46 7 7 Click on OK You return to the COPS Server List window Site Manager displays the COPS server entry in the list 8 Click on Done You return to the DiffServ Interface List 9 Click on Done You return to the Configuration Manager window The router can now operate as a differentiated services edge device marking the video data packets for priority service through the network Configuring the Router Using the BCC This section provides the BCC commands that you would use to configure the BLN router shown in Figure B 1 1 Configure the IP interface and enable differentiated services on it by entering the following commands box serial 3 2 serial 3 2 ppp ppp 3 2 ip 192 32 46 9 8 ip 192 32 46 9 255 0 0 0 diffserv diffserv 192 32 46 9 info config type static debug level filter maintenance state enabled url idleout timer 120 Set the interface to use the COPS protocol diffserv 192 32 46 9 config type cops Add COPS to the router and add a COPS server diffserv 192 32 46 94 box box cops address 192 32 46 9 id corp1 c
142. u change parameters for the dsqms dsqms queue or dsqms classifier objects you must restart DSQMS on the interface for the changes to take effect To restart DSQMS go to the DSQMS prompt on the interface for example enter box serial 2 1 dsqms and enter restart set This command causes an immediate update of the MIB entry for DSQMS on the interface After you restart DSQMS the restart parameter reverts almost instantly to its default value notset For example the following commands restart DSQMS and display DSQMS interface parameters The restart parameter is reset to notset dsqms queue 1 serial 2 14 back dsqms serial 2 1 restart set dsqms serial 2 1 info debug level none dequeue at line rate disabled restart notset state enabled Configuring DSQMS to Dequeue Packets at Line Rate If you configure both weighted and priority queues on an interface you may experience latency problems with the high priority queues To reduce delay for queues that need a constant delay rate when limited bandwidth is available enable the DSQMS interface parameter dequeue at line rate This parameter controls the dequeuing of packets from the queues to the driver It guarantees constant bandwidth for traffic that requires a constant delay rate when there are more buffers than the line can accommodate Note For other guidelines to optimize DSQMS performance see Implementation Notes on page 2 9 308620 14 20 Rev 00 6 3 C
143. unscncadlarsaecuessesenaueessleueusrdedeuaes 1 10 Chapter 2 Starting Differentiated Services Planning for a Differentiated Services Network ssesssesseseeeeneene 2 2 Sanma SOT CUTAN TOOS sscciscenionsus PET 2 2 Praparing a Contig Urano PUG ssc cement Pete px ee ERR ERE Prec ek Epl aper Fa eae 2 2 Starting Differentiated Services Using the BOC ssssssssssseeeeene 2 3 Enabling Differentiated SOIVIGBS uci sin o iteca ine ilb eto ecd etre eee 2 3 Choosing a Fiter FOCUS ecc aa te b p eet ebbe P end ia a A a b c SED 2 4 Enano COF e TN 2 4 Starting Differentiated Services Using Site Manager sessssesses 2 5 Enabling Differentiated Services 1s ade ecc tndeer Ree quate ecu Mega ducad ik bna Ad tr na 2 5 Choosing acis ec I II O1 a OS 2 5 308620 14 20 Rev 00 V puse c4 2 6 Configuring Queue Management and Scheduling seseeeseees 2 7 How DSOMS Elements Work Together uiii eter detnr siiin 2 7 dne ey e EE EE DS 2 9 psoMS Donfiguration SIEPE nubem ibt ens Eptattesbeti une ebrid ipi pub tS bad ise PECORE 2 10 Enabling Me HED SIGMA 2 nias Dx urge te er ER ee BRE get PF C p erga eee 2 10 Configuring an Instance of dsqms red sssssssseeeseeeeneeen nene 2 10 Configure DSQNES on an IH faeere asunnon tnis ex dar anti oid 2 11 Enabling DSOMS oran WS ACR sca ideni aun ede peni pd i RR Y ePi beata 2 11 Adding a DSQMS Queue t
144. ust occur dsqms queue 2 serial 5 1 priority time quantum 200 bandwidth allocation dsqms queue 2 serial 5 1 state enabled Enables queue for use dsqms queue 2 serial 5 1 back dsqms serial 5 1 restart set Use the show dsqms queues command to display configuration information about the two queues configured on serial interface 5 1 For information about all show commands for DSQMS RED and differentiated services see Appendix C Using BCC show Commands dsqms serial 5 1 show dsqms q sum show dsqms queues summary Dec 07 2000 15 42 27 GMT 5 Best Priority Cfg Weight Flow Drop Jitter Cct Id State Status Type Effort Level Weight Fairness Type Const S51 1 enabled active w yes n a 3 100 disabled red normal S51 2 enabled active p no 0 n a n a disabled tail dropnormal B 16 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuration Examples Note Compare the value of the Best Effort field for queue 1 with the same value on page B 15 By default DSQMS selects the weighted queue with the lowest configured weight as the best effort queue For more information about how DSQMS selects the best effort queue and how to override the default see Modifying a DSQMS Queue on page 6 5 Displaying the DSQMS Configuration Using the show Command Use the show config r command to display the configuration To see the entire configuration of the router go to the box or stack prompt and enter show config all dsqms serial 5 1 box box
145. uter resides at the edge of the network Its function is to classify data flows and mark them by setting the DS field in the IP header The DS field designates a specific type of service for each packet and instructs the network how to process the packet e Core network device The core network device typically a high performance router resides in the ISP or enterprise network It routes data along the appropriate path through the network This router cannot classify packets itself Server manager The server manager which resides outside the network sets up video conferences The server manager is not a required part of a differentiated services network Figure 1 1 shows a differentiated services network that includes a server manager and a policy server If you manually configure filters the policy server and server manager would not be included Server manager ISP or enterprise network Policy server BLN High ASN Host performance Host router DFS0001A Figure 1 1 Differentiated Services Network 308620 14 20 Rev 00 1 3 Configuring Differentiated Services Communicating with the OPS Policy Server If your differentiated services network uses an OPS policy server the router uses the COPS protocol to communicate with the policy server The router is the COPS client
146. v 192 32 9 7 traffic filter filter name httpfilter ds filter httpfilter 192 32 9 7 match match ds filter httpfilter 192 32 9 7 info dest tcp ports dest tcp udp ports dest udp ports 308620 14 20 Rev 00 Configuring Differentiated Services ds field protocol src tcp ports src tcp udp ports src udp ports tcp established off urls The info command shows that there are no match criteria for the filter yet 3 Configure match criteria rule definitions for the IP network range of clients requesting the forms the IP address of the HTTP forms server and the TCP IP port of the HTTP service on the forms server 80 match ds filter httpfilter 192 32 9 7 source network range 128 9 7 0 128 9 7 255 source network filter httpfilter 192 32 9 7 128 9 7 0 back match ds filter httpfilter 192 32 9 7 destination network 192 32 40 8 destination network filter httpfilter 192 32 9 7 192 32 40 8 back match ds filter httpfilter 192 32 9 7 dest tcp ports 80 These match criteria identify the traffic to which you want to give priority that is the HTTP forms requests 4 Enter the actions context for the filter and specify police match ds filter httpfilter 192 32 9 7 actions actions ds filter httpfilter 192 32 9 7 action police actions ds filter httpfilter 192 32 9 7 info action police action log off mark value lt not_set gt 5 Enter the police context and specify how to police the traffic tha
147. value For example the following command adds the first instance of dsqms red red dsqms red id 1 dsqms red 1 This command sets up one dsqms red instance with the default values for how RED functions You can change these values and create additional dsqms red instances with different values For more information see Modifying RED Parameters on page 6 2 Configuring DSQMS on an Interface After you enable RED perform the following steps to set up DSQMS on one or more interfaces 1 Enable DSQMS on one or more interfaces 2 Configure a DSQMS queue on the interface 3 Configure a traffic classifier for the queue These steps are described in detail in the following sections Enabling DSQMS on an Interface To enable DSQMS navigate to the prompt for the interface where you want to use DSQMS and enter dsqms For example the following command enables DSQMS on serial interface 2 1 serial 2 1 dsqms dsqms serial 2 1 308620 14 20 Rev 00 2 11 Configuring Differentiated Services Adding a DSQMS Queue to an Interface To configure a DSQMS queue on an interface navigate to the DSQMS prompt for the interface for example box serial 2 1 dsqms and enter dsqms queue id id number id numberis a simple numerical identifier for the queue For example the following commands create the first DSQMS queue on serial interface 2 1 and enable the queue you must manually enable the queue dsqms serial 2

Avaya Configuring Differentiated Services (308620-14.20 Rev 00) User's Manual

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