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Avaya Configuring Bridging Services User's Manual

1. And BR4 priority 1 BR 3 priority 2 BR 2 priority 3 BR 1 priority 4 Then Bridge 2 Interface 2 is blocked Bridge 3 Interface 7 is blocked Result Inefficient spanning tree topology is created BRG009A Figure 1 12 Inefficient Spanning Tree Topology Filtering Frames You use filters mainly for security reasons They enable the bridge to relay or drop a particular frame based on user selectable fields within each of the four encapsulation methods supported by the bridge These encapsulation methods are e Ethernet IEEE 802 2 LLC IEEE 802 2 LLC with SNAP header Novell proprietary 114060 Rev A Using Transparent Bridge Services Refer to Configuring Traffic Filters and Protocol Prioritization for details about filters and how to configure them for the bridge Enabling Bridge Service This section describes how to enable bridge service and optionally spanning tree on an interface It assumes you have read Configuring Routers and that you have 1 Opened a configuration file 2 Specified router hardware if this is a local mode configuration file 3 Selected the link or net module connector on which you are enabling bridge service or configured a WAN circuit if this connector requires one Enabling Bridge Service on an Interface To enable bridge service without spanning tree select Bridge from the Select Protocols menu and click on OK The Select Protocols menu appears after you ei
2. 114060 Rev A xxi Configuring Bridging Services Bay Networks Customer Service If you purchased your Bay Networks product from a distributor or authorized reseller contact that distributor s or reseller s technical support staff for assistance with installation configuration troubleshooting or integration issues Customers can also purchase direct support from Bay Networks through a variety of service programs As part of our PhonePlus program Bay Networks Service sets the industry standard with 24 hour 7 days a week telephone support available worldwide at no extra cost Our complete range of contract and noncontract services also includes equipment staging and integration installation support on site services and replacement parts delivery within approximately 4 hours To purchase any of the Bay Networks support programs or if you have questions on program features use the following numbers Region Telephone Number Fax Number United States and 1 800 2LANWAN enter Express Routing 508 670 8766 Canada Code ERC 290 when prompted 508 436 8880 direct Europe 33 92 968 300 33 92 968 301 Asia Pacific Region 612 9927 8800 612 9927 8811 Latin America 407 997 1713 407 997 1714 In addition you can receive information on support programs from your local Bay Networks field sales office or purchase Bay Networks support directly from your authorized partner xxii 11406
3. Specifies a NetBIOS name you want to add to the list of statically configured names that this node can reach Enter the NetBIOS name you want to add The name must not exceed 16 characters The system pads names shorter than 16 characters with ASCII space characters 0x20 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 10 1 4 Mac Address None Any valid 48 bit MAC address Specifies the MAC address of the NetBIOS name you want to add to the list of statically configured names that this node can reach Enter the valid 48 bit 6 byte MAC address of a NetBIOS client or server this node must reach 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 10 1 5 114060 Rev A 3 25 Configuring Bridging Services MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions RIF from Router None Any valid RIF with entries specified in hexadecimal format Specifies the RIF required for any frame to reach the NetBIOS name you want to add After you add a NetBIOS name to the static list specify the RIF from the router to the station that uses the name First allow the bridge to use the route discovery process to learn the correct RIF of the station You can use the Quick Get function accessible from Site Manager s Statistics Manager tool to examine the RIF by requesting the MIB object wfBrSrNbRifEntry wfBrSrNbRif Refer to Managing Routers and BNX Platforms for instructions on using the Statistics Manager tool Next copy the RIF to this RIF from Router
4. 1 Bridge ID 1 Third party Bridge Figure 2 13 Third party Bridge ID Bridge Bridge A Af Bridge C Bridge D a Internal Internal Internal LAN ID 100 LAN ID 101 LAN ID 102 Internal Internal Internal Group ID FFF Group ID FFF Group ID FFF Bridge ID A Bridge ID A Bridge ID A BN Bridge Entry B BN Bridge Entry B BN Bridge Entry B BRG0022A Parallel Operation 114060 Rev A 2 23 Configuring Bridging Services Internal LAN ID The internal LAN ID is a source routing designator that identifies the virtual LAN on which frames travel When you configure the Bay Networks source routing bridge you must assign a globally unique internal LAN ID to each bridge on which you enabled source routing For example in Figure 2 13 Source Routing Bridges A B C and D all have unique internal LAN IDs Group LAN ID The group LAN ID is a Bay Networks proprietary routing designator that helps the source routing bridges in your network identify the last Bay Networks bridge in their path When you configure the Bay Networks source routing bridge make sure you follow these configuration guidelines e Assign the same group LAN ID to all source routing bridges in the network e Assign a group LAN ID to all bridges in your network This number must be different from the LAN ID value assigned to any other bridges in the network Configuring IP Encapsulation Support IP encapsulation support allows you t
5. Configuring Bridging Services Router Software Version 11 0 Site Manager Software Version 5 0 Part No 114060 Rev A August 1996 Bay Networks Bay Networks 4401 Great America Parkway 8 Federal Street Santa Clara CA 95054 Billerica MA 01821 Copyright 1988 1996 Bay Networks Inc All rights reserved Printed in the USA August 1996 The information in this document is subject to change without notice The statements configurations technical data and recommendations in this document are believed to be accurate and reliable but are presented without express or implied warranty Users must take full responsibility for their applications of any products specified in this document The information in this document is proprietary to Bay Networks Inc The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement and may only be used in accordance with the terms of that license A summary of the Software License is included in this document Restricted Rights Legend Use duplication or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions as set forth in subparagraph c 1 ii of the Rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252 227 7013 Notice for All Other Executive Agencies Notwithstanding any other license agreement that may pertain to or accompany the delivery of this computer software the rights of the United States Government regarding its use reprodu
6. Figure 1 4 Ethernet to FDDI Translation 114060 Rev A 1 5 Configuring Bridging Services Ethernet LAN1 Ethernet LAN2 Bridge A Bridge B C C C H FDDI LAN I FDDI to Ethernet Translation From FDDI LAN Through Bridge B to Ethernet LAN SNAP LLC OUI TYPE TYPE Bridge B e Extracts addressing information from the FDDI header e Incorporates address information into newly generated Ethernet MAC header e Removes RFC 1042 from Ethernet data e Recalculates frame check sequence FCS FDDI to Ethernet AppleTalk ARP Translation From FDDI LAN Through Bridge B to Ethernet LAN SNAP LLC TYPE TYPE paa ia ae Bridge B e Extracts addressing information from the FDDI header e Incorporates address information into newly generated Ethernet MAC header e Removes Ethernet data from an IEEE 802 2H defined SNAP header that has an organizationally unique identifier OUI of OOOOF8 e Recalculates FCS BRGO028A Figure 1 5 FDDI to Ethernet Translation 1 6 114060 Rev A Using Transparent Bridge Services Ethernet LAN1 Ethernet LAN2 Bridge A Bridge B C C FDDI LAN ood po 802 3 to FDDI Translation From 802 3 LAN Through Bridge A to FDDI LAN gt Bridge A Extracts addressing information from the 802 3 header Incorporates address information into newly generated FDDI MAC header with no length LEN field e Encapsulates 802 3 data within FDDI frame e Recalculates FCS BRGO004A Fi
7. MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID SAID Type Individual Individual Group Ignored by Bay Networks Supplied for 802 10 interoperability Accept the default value 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 5 2 1 5 SAID Value 0 0 to 23 2 147 483 648 Ignored by Bay Networks Supplied for 802 10 interoperability Accept the default value 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 5 2 1 6 CUG Value 0 A decimal value or a set of values in the range 0 to 231 2 147 483 648 Specifies the CUGID that you assign to the circuit In most cases you create a single CUGID for the closed user group and assign the value to each circuit that supports the group If you need to specify different access requirements for certain LANs in the closed user group create a range of CUGIDs and assign a different one to each LAN 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 5 2 1 7 5 10 114060 Rev A Using Native Mode LAN Services Parameter Security List Action Default Forward Options Drop Forward Function Specifies whether the NML port forwards or drops a frame when it finds a match on the access list Instructions If the access list is an inclusive CUGID list specify Forward The port forwards to the attached LAN all frames labeled with the CUGID If the list is an exclusive list specify Drop The port drops all frames labeled with the CUGID MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 5 2 1 8 Assigning an Acc
8. Using Source Routing Bridge Services Source Routing Ring Number 0x0 0x001 to Oxfff Identifies the ring number ring ID of this source routing circuit Assign a ring number ring ID to this source routing circuit that is unique among any other ring IDs group LAN IDs or internal LAN IDs in the network You cannot use the value 0x0 that appears initially in the parameter box You must specify a value for this parameter that is within the given range 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 2 1 6 Outbound STEs Accept Accept Block When set to Block the bridge drops outbound STEs on this circuit Use this parameter to configure a static spanning tree for spanning tree explorer packets This parameter has no effect if you configure this interface with the Source Routing Spanning Tree protocol Set to Block only if you do not want the bridge to forward STEs on this circuit 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 2 1 7 Note Series 7 router software does not support dynamic source route spanning tree You must statically configure which ports should accept or block STE frames Series 8 router software does support dynamic source route spanning tree 114060 Rev A 2 41 Configuring Bridging Services Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Inbound STEs Accept Accept Block Specifies whether the bridge should drop
9. Figure 4 4 The Address Mapping List window appears Figure 4 6 114060 Rev A 4 21 Configuring Bridging Services Token Ring Fismctional Address Figure 4 6 Address Mapping List Window 2 Click on Add The Translation Bridge Address Mapping window appears Figure 4 7 Token Ring Functions Addeess Ethernet Hulticast Address Figure 4 7 Translation Bridge Address Mapping Window 3 Edit the parameters using the descriptions in the next section as a guide 4 Click on OK to save your changes and exit the window Site Manager returns you to the Address Mapping List window 4 22 114060 Rev A Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Using Translation Bridge Services Translation Bridge Address Mapping Parameter Descriptions Use these parameter descriptions as a guide when you configure the parameters in the Address Mapping List and Translation Bridge Address Mapping windows refer to Figures 4 6 and 4 7 Token Ring Functional Address None Any valid functional address Indicates the functional address of the Token Ring station Enter a valid functional address in canonical Ethernet format 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 12 1 3 Ethernet Multicast Address None Any valid Ethernet multicast address Indicates the Ethernet multicast address Enter a valid Ethernet multicast address in
10. Ifthe destination address is in the RIF table discards the frame since it is intended for an SR station Ifthe destination address is not in the RIF table or the forwarding table converts the frame and sends it out all other TB ports Routing of Specific Route Frames Once an endstation on the SR network determines the route between itself and another endstation by sending out explorer frames it can send a frame destined for that other endstation This frame is a specifically routed frame SRF If the SR bridge receives an SRF that includes the ring ID of the TB network in its routing information the SR bridge forwards the frame to the translation bridge The translation bridge completes these steps If the destination address exists in the forwarding table the translation bridge converts the frame and forwards it to the appropriate TB network interface If the destination address is not in the forwarding table the translation bridge converts the frame and floods it to all TB network interfaces If the SRF s source address is not already in the RIF table the translation bridge adds it to the database and stores its routing information TB Operations When the transparent bridge receives a frame from a TB network it determines what to do based on the frame s source and destination address as follows If the source address is not in the forwarding table the transparent bridge adds it If the destination address is in the
11. Name Cache Age secs 300s Hash Entry Count 253 NetBIOS Query Cache Disable Create MIB Instances for Cached Enable Query Max Number Query Cache Entries 100 NetBIOS Query Cache Age secs 15s Table A 12 NetBIOS Interface Parameters Parameter Default NetBIOS Server Name Cache Enable NetBIOS Client Name Cache Enable NetBIOS Datagram RIF Cache Enable NetBIOS Query Cache Enable 114060 Rev A Site Manager Default Settings Table A 13 NetBIOS Static Name Parameters Parameter Default Enable Enable NetBIOS Station Name None Mac Address None RIF from Router None Table A 14 Translation Bridge Global Parameters Parameter Default Enable Enable Virtual Lan ID 0x0 Max Translation Entries 255 Aging Value 300 s Broadcast Conversion Enable Ethernet Type Ethernet Source Route Explorer Type Spanning Tree SAPs 000408FOF4FC Table A 15 Translation Bridge Address Mapping Parameters Parameter Default Token Ring Functional Address None Ethernet Multicast Address None 114060 Rev A Configuring Bridging Services Table A 16 Translation Bridge Ethernet Address Mapping Parameters Parameter Default Ethernet MAC Address None Ethernet Type Ethernet Table A 17 NML Interface Parameters Parameter Default Disable Enabled Add Security Header Add
12. NetBIOS OWGNVION dirir cctae dens ciate eda Geta aa e 3 1 PROT SS Dies Rai N AA 3 1 Registering Station Names orsktads T ivali EET ere ane StS SR OSNNNS irane a aA E EAEE 3 3 OS SSIOMNOSS Com MUMGANON iasant eanecncragauaivaioiatiiencstadadeystdtniacshuers aiid aaia daea 3 4 Boaceast Petu airna 3 4 Mamo CaCO trir a R AN 3 5 Gent NAME CAGHINO onsi er rter emer eeenetnr cnentre err awr rr re renrnr crn srry 3 5 Server Name CAC MINIS scrani aan a aE E RAA 3 6 Latgan RIF CASI irori ia aAA NN 3 6 Guer Cae Mi esr ra a salad edaet saat erantahatazans 3 7 114060 Rev A vii Ae LOSUN sorasa ioana EAR EN 3 8 WTS E e ea ars calc ces a ETAN ENTENT A A TA OO T 3 8 Biatically Contoured NetBIOS NAMES cccisccigescacectetenicecrstacieeherscindoeicnenadderuesienien 3 9 Mpemnepaton NotES carricro indit Cree pre tr Tne pr NT 3 9 Topologies a sscccdossizascetassscinennass re EAT seteasinas re sipke aprendi ere 3 9 Spanning Tee TORO iirrainn a A 3 9 e ET oa e E IA T TEE A A AT AE A E N 3 10 BIBS Cac MOS cosankisinaia a 3 10 Enabling NeBlOS Semis i annii onein AEON 3 10 Editing NetBIOS Parameters iiss vases rcsinikriaiaiin nan inanan auan taad eara aaia 3 11 Eding NetBIOS Global Parameters seisine a EE 3 13 NetBIOS Global Parameter DeSCriptions ccccecsceeesceeeeeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeaaeeeeeeeeees 3 14 Baiting NetblOs Inetiacs Paramelers c csticisieteiaiiciicsnidonictejugeeeseiad wieiaiaddeaioeadicn 3 20 NetBIOS Interface Parameter DeSCTip
13. Networks bridges but there are multiple bridge IDs in the RIF so it will eventually This bridge performs the following steps in the RIF before it transmits the frame toward Ring 3 refer to Figure 2 10 1 Changes the destination system s MAC address at the beginning of the frame to a Bay Networks group address This address is COOOA2FFFFFFx where x is the bridge ID of the next Bay Networks bridge specified by the RIF 2 Removes its own internal LAN ID and inserts the group LAN ID before the last incoming ring and bridge ID listed in the RIF refer to Figure 2 10 Eventually the internal LAN ID of the last Bay Networks bridge along the frame s path replaces the group LAN ID 3 Copies the destination system s MAC address into the data portion of the frame Example B Between the first and last bridges to receive the SRF The frame received by Bridge B from Ring 3 traversed at least one other Bay Networks bridge However this is not the last Bay Networks bridge that the frame must traverse This bridge performs the following steps in the RIF before transmitting the frame toward Ring 2 Figure 2 10 1 Locates the bridge ID which is at the end of the group address 2 Changes the bridge ID at the end of the group address to the bridge ID of the next Bay Networks bridge in the RIF Only if it differs from the value already in place In this example all bridge IDs are the same so the frame is not modified Exam
14. 41 H Hash Entry Count parameter 3 17 Hello Time parameter 1 28 2 54 Index Inbound STEs parameter 2 42 InfoFACTS service xxv Interface parameters bridge editing 1 22 to 1 24 NetBIOS editing 3 20 to 3 22 source routing bridge editing 2 38 to 2 43 spanning tree editing 1 29 to 1 32 Interfaces translation bridge support 4 7 Internal LAN ID 2 2 2 24 2 35 2 41 IP Address Explorer list 2 47 to 2 49 IP Address parameter 2 43 IP encapsulation 2 4 to 2 8 2 24 to 2 25 2 37 2 42 2 43 IP Encapsulation parameter 2 37 IP Net MTU parameter 2 38 L LAN speeds with translation bridge 4 7 Lengths of frames with translation bridge 4 6 Loop free topology 4 8 See also Spanning tree algorithm MAC address accessing 1 22 conversions by translation bridge 4 21 to 4 23 formats with translation bridge 4 6 maximum number allowed in forwarding table 1 21 Mac Address parameter 3 27 Max Age parameter 1 27 2 53 Max Name Cache Entries parameter 3 16 Max number of RDs parameter 2 40 Max Number Query Cache Entries parameter 3 19 Max Translation Entries parameter 4 18 114060 Rev A Index 3 Configuring Bridging Services Multicast addresses 4 21 N Name Cache Age parameter 3 16 Name query frame 3 3 Name recognized frame 3 3 Names NetBIOS 3 1 to 3 9 Native Mode LAN access list assigning to a port 5 11 to 5 13 enabling ranges for 5 14 implementation notes for 5 3 to
15. Figure 4 4 For each translation bridge parameter this section provides information about default settings valid parameter options the parameter function instructions for setting the parameter and the Management Information Base MIB object ID The Technician Interface lets you modify parameters by issuing set and commit commands that specify the MIB object ID This process is equivalent to modifying parameters using Site Manager For more information about using the Technician Interface to access the MIB refer to Using Technician Interface Software Caution The Technician Interface does not verify that the value you enter for a parameter is valid Entering an invalid value can corrupt your configuration Editing Translation Bridge Global Parameters To edit the translation bridge global parameters 1 Select Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Translation Bridge gt Global in the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 4 4 The Edit Translation Bridge Global Parameters window appears Figure 4 5 114060 Rev A 4 15 Configuring Bridging Services Enable Virtual Len Id Mas Translation Enteies ging Value freosdcest Comvernion Ethernet Type Source Rowte Explorer Tipe SAPS Figure 4 5 Edit Translation Bridge Global Parameters Window 2 Edit the parameters using the descriptions in the next section as a guide 3 Click on OK to save your changes and exit the window Site Manager retur
16. Frame Source IP Address Destination IP Address 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 MAC 001A 002A FFFA 0040 RIF of an IP Encapsulated Frame Figure 2 5 BRG0014A Examining the RIF Field of an SRF Bridge A also examines the RIF to locate the bridge ID associated with the remote bridge used to reach Ring 4 in this case Bridge B Then Bridge A checks its mapping table for the IP address that corresponds to Ring ID 4 and Bridge B and encapsulates the frame with an IP header The IP header specifies its own source address and the proper IP destination address 1 1 2 2 Finally Bridge A forwards the packet onto the IP network You control which IP interfaces receive explorer frames by defining an ZP Explorer list for each IP encapsulating bridge For example all of the IP encapsulating bridges that border the IP cloud in Figure 2 4 have IP explorer lists defined Each bridge forwards explorer packets that are in its individual list toward the IP addresses Note that the IP explorer lists for each bridge can vary This allows you to control which IP networks receive explorer traffic 114060 Rev A 2 7 Configuring Bridging Services IP Encapsulation Features Bay Networks implementation of IP encapsulation allows you to Configure redundant IP interfaces You can configure redundant IP interfaces on the same router for critical network connections for example interfaces 1 1 2 2 and 1 1 3 3 on Bridge B That way if you disable on
17. IP Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID WAN Broadcast Address 1 Any valid Frame Relay data link connection identifier DLCI number Sets the DLCI number this interface uses when it sends broadcast frames over Frame Relay Specify a DLCI number 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 2 1 23 Note You cannot modify the WAN Broadcast Address parameter unless you first configure source routing over Frame Relay ATM or SMDS 114060 Rev A 2 43 Configuring Bridging Services Parameter Default Options Function Instructions Encapsulation Format Proprietary Proprietary Standard Indicates Bay Networks proprietary encapsulation format or standard encapsulation format If you want to run source routing over a Frame Relay network follow these instructions If your router running software Version 8 or higher communicates with a third party router that supports RFC 1490 and you configured both routers to run source routing over Frame Relay select Standard for RFC 1490 standard Frame Relay encapsulation If your router running software Version 8 or higher communicates with a Version 5 Bay Networks router and you configured both routers to run source routing over Frame Relay accept the default Proprietary If your Version 8 router communicates with a Version 7 Bay Networks router and you configured both routers to run source routing over Frame Relay select St
18. If you added spanning tree using either the to Disable Quick Start procedure or the configuring circuits procedure this parameter defaults to Enable If you previously used this parameter to disable spanning tree on this circuit the parameter defaults Priority 128 Path Cost 1 114060 Rev A Site Manager Default Settings Table A 5 Source Routing Global Parameters Parameter Default Enable Enable SR Bridge Internal LAN ID 0x0 SR Bridge ID 0x0 SR Bridge Group LAN ID Oxfff IP Encapsulation Disable Conn IP NTWK Ring number 0x0 IP MTU Size bytes 4562 NetBIOS Server Name Cache Disable NetBIOS Client Name Cache Disable NetBIOS Datagram RIF Cache Disable 15 Character NetBIOS Name Disable Caching Create MIB Instance for Cached Enable Name Max Name Cache Entries 100 Name Cache Age secs 300 s Hash Entry Count 253 NetBIOS Query Cache Disable Create MIB Instances for Cached Enable Query Max Number Query Cache Entries 100 NetBIOS Query Cache Age secs 15 s 114060 Rev A A 3 Configuring Bridging Services Table A 6 Source Routing Interface Parameters Parameter Default Enable Enable Max number of RDs 7 Source Routing Ring Number 0x0 Outbound STEs Accept Inbound STEs Accept Frames with IP Ring Accept IP Address None NetBIOS Server N
19. LAN Services Matwe Mode LAN OVOP asia ath iinan aa Aa a iaa Tae 5 1 Denning a Closed User GOUD sisi itatanicet edie a ea i th anaienadediies 5 3 impemematon RS cance tue idatad RN 5 3 Defining a Closed User Group That Permits Overlapping Network Traffic D4 Controlling NML Tafi oh a Newark TURK sisccisiccetincrsecrsachinaadesacooesssieniecneasnieasens 5 4 ERIN NML SENEE iriiria sin Aen a E 5 5 Edna NMC Fame OTS coisinn diction daeeslions 5 6 Editing NML Interace Parameters sasriiaaiisiica iriiria N 5 7 NML Interface Parameter Descriptions sssssssieesseessseesssesssesssenssrnnsrensstrnsnnsennnent 5 8 Assigning an Access List Tog FOr siccssicedinsastsenccevesiteagensdnriacemndnkivacnsassainserstavibensanntean 5 11 NML Add Security Range Parameters sausisinicsnioninnaiininnarnnddas 5 13 VS ONG RANES ccmccteetilettat amen ch semantal cette a 5 14 114060 Rev A NML Range Enable Parameter DeSCription cccceesceeceeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeteaeeeeeneeees 5 16 Deleting NML fromthe OUT ciiis einna Dead Niece Se netal ce onesies dade iden dab suena denies 5 16 Appendix A Site Manager Default Settings Appendix B Components of a Source Route Frame 8025 Piysital GAUGED sirina e a aa aaa an B 1 Routing Miormeaton Field UF sctisiscscess snes sceau sin dakina iaia iaa naiinis B 2 Roung Comro sssgnadn aie a B 2 MPa OF Prat E A E E E I EN EEA E B 3 late aa erin con sopieeer ce retern mmnteey ret reecr rrr B 3 Drecho Bi orr
20. Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Max Translation Entries 255 Any integer value Specifies the maximum number of source routing addresses with routing information that the translation bridge can store in its RIF table Ideally this number should be equal to or greater than the number of stations on the source routed network that will communicate with stations on the transparently bridged network If there is not enough room in the RIF table the translation bridge does not store routing information for some stations When the translation bridge receives traffic for those stations it forwards the traffic as explorer frames However the more entries allowed in the RIF table the more memory the translation bridges may consume For each RIF that the translation bridge stores in the RIF table the router creates an entry in the transparent bridge forwarding table Increase the maximum transparent bridge forwarding table size by this value to account for addresses learned from the source route network Enter the number of addresses that the translation bridge can store in its RIF table 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 11 4 Aging Value 300 seconds Any integer value Specifies how long an address entry remains in the forwarding and RIF tables when no data from that address has been received The larger you make this val
21. Security SAID Type Individual SAID Value 0 CUG Value 0 Security List Action Forward Table A 18 NML Add Security Range Parameters Parameter Default Range Start None Range End None Table A 19 NML Range Enable Parameters Parameter Default Range Enable Enable A 8 114060 Rev A Appendix B Components of a Source Route Frame A source route frame consists of the fields shown in Figure B 1 8 02 Physical Routing Info 802 5 Physical Data 802 5 Trailer Header Field RIF Header Figure B 1 Fields in a Source Route Frame 802 5 Physical Header The 802 5 physical header consists of the following fields Starting delimiter Access control field Frame control field Destination address Source address field If the first left most bit of the source address is 0 the frame contains no source routing information If the first bit is a 1 the bridge code examines the frame and looks for a RIF field 114060 Rev A B 1 Configuring Bridging Services Routing Information Field RIF For source routing purposes the most important part of a frame is the Routing Information Field RIF This field contains the routing information needed by the bridge to forward a frame The RIF is an optional field The router uses the RIF only if the frame destination is another ring When used the RIF is placed at the beginning of a frame s data
22. Site Manager returns you to the NML Filters window 7 Repeat Steps 3 through 6 to add additional start and end ranges 8 Click on Apply to save your changes Site Manager returns you to the NML Interfaces window NML Add Security Range Parameters Use these parameter descriptions as a guide when you add security ranges for a selected circuit in the NML Add Security Range window refer to Figure 5 6 Note To specify only one CUGID enter the same value in both the Range Start and Range End parameters Parameter Range Start Default None Range 0 to 27 2 147 483 648 Function Indicates the start of the CUGID range Instructions Enter a value between 0 and 27 MIB Object ID None Parameter Range End Default None Range 0 to 2 2 147 483 648 Function Indicates the end of the CUGID range Instructions Enter a value between 0 and 27 MIB Object ID None 114060 Rev A 5 13 Configuring Bridging Services Enabling Ranges To enable or disable the ranges you set for a selected circuit 1 Select the Circuits gt Edit Circuits option in the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 5 3 The Circuit List window appears Figure 5 7 EO merie id Configurestion Bode local SHEP Agentr LOCAL FILE Circuits E Figure 5 7 Circuit List Window 2 Select the circuit whose access list you want to view 3 Click on Edit The Circuit Definition window appears with the circuit you sele
23. accessing 1 22 functional 4 21 maximum number allowed in forwarding table 1 21 multicast 4 21 See also MAC address Aging names in cache 3 8 3 16 translation bridge database entries 4 2 Aging Value parameter 4 18 All paths broadcast routing 2 2 All paths explorer APE frame 2 2 4 5 All routes explorer ARE frame 2 2 4 5 APE frames 2 2 ARE frames 2 2 4 3 Index Bay Networks CompuServe forum xxiv Customer Service FTP xxiii home page on World Wide Web xxiii InfoFACTS service xxv publications ordering xx support programs xxii Support Source CD xxiv Technical Response Center xxi XXV technical support xxi BPDU See Bridge Protocol Data Unit Bridge Translation See Translation bridge A 7 Bridge transparent global parameters defaults A 1 editing 1 19 to 1 22 Bridge transparent interface parameters defaults A 1 editing 1 22 to 1 24 Bridge Transparent See Transparent bridge Bridge ID adding 2 45 2 47 assigning 2 22 to 2 23 2 36 deleting 2 45 to 2 47 of a source routing bridge 2 2 on ARE frame 2 2 with IP encapsulation 2 5 Bridge Priority parameter 1 26 2 32 Bridge Protocol Data Unit BPDU 1 10 1 27 1 28 2 53 2 54 Bridge station type 4 24 to 4 26 Bridge Table Size global parameter 1 21 114060 Rev A Index 1 Configuring Bridging Services Bridge Tunnel Service 1 4 Bridge transparent See Transparent bridge Broadcast Conversion parameter 4 19 Broadcas
24. by the source routing network The number you use should not be the same as any LAN ID group LAN ID or internal LAN ID number that is configured on any of the SR bridges on the network We recommend that you configure the same ring number on all translation bridges on the network 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 11 3 114060 Rev A 4 13 Configuring Bridging Services Note You cannot use the value 0x0 that appears initially in the Virtual LAN ID parameter box You must specify a value for this parameter that is within the given range Creating the Translation Bridge To configure the translation bridge to run on the router select Protocols gt Translation Bridge gt Create TB in the Configuration Manager window Figure 4 4 Local FILE mirurrzi techpubv nary w Pridgs bridg mra Liri Colop K ut Connectors Figure 4 4 Configuration Manager Window You can now operate the translation bridge on the router Refer to the next section for details on optimizing translation bridge performance for your network 4 14 114060 Rev A Using Translation Bridge Services Editing Translation Bridge Parameters Once you configure the translation bridge to operate on the router you use the Configuration Manager to edit the translation bridge parameters This section describes how to edit the translation bridge parameters You access the translation bridge parameters from the Configuration Manager window refer to
25. cence eeeeaeeeeeeeeeeeaaeeneeeeees 1 23 Editing Spanning Tree Global Parameters ccccccceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeas 1 24 Spanning Tree Global Parameter Descriptions TT gebid rrr T 1 25 Editing Spanning Tree Interface Parameters ccccceeseceeeeseeeeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeaae 1 29 Spanning Tree Interface Parameter Descriptions ccccccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 1 30 Fiusning ihe Forwarding TENG sascacs tice scacccssiecets fauieened iaami ana aina 1 32 Deleting the Bridge and Spanning Tree from the Router ccccceeseceeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeees 1 32 Chapter 2 Using Source Routing Bridge Services SOU RCS POU COVOI VIEW eanne aa aai 2 1 How Source Routing Differs from Transparent Bridging ccceeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeees 2 2 How Endstations on a Source Routing Network Discover Routes 0 ccseeeee 2 2 Al Paths Broadcast ROUNO vsecceutlscsite Gesecd decsn teavndtteearsec A 2 2 spanning Tree Broadcast ROUNO s 0cusssidineaniieinned nue bli 2 3 OCHS ROUN siiani aa a vamaraacusdauadonates 2 4 source Routing over IP MOIWORKS susanissnsaiosaianna ti tlanadedealaspecseavaadendine 2 4 HON IF IE MGR SUNS WORS cccescasdec daseiiataieco lid hdd need detebaseledeietaeiuigia cade eke 2 5 IP Encapsuldion Features iccsc ccs cans cttere nc iadae pata claseceaieadainladaneantnlaasatenl daa 2 8 Source Ro te Endstation SUPPONI s xuncnitnsntceus carci cannncemancetaneieals ace 2 9 How the Bay N
26. expressed as a 12 digit hexadecimal value You should set this parameter to the MAC address of one of the router s spanning tree ports preferably the one with the lowest priority 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 33 2 32 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services Editing Source Routing Parameters Once you configure a circuit to support source routing you use the Configuration Manager to edit the source routing parameters This section provides information on how to access and edit these parameters Note The instructions in this section assume that you have already configured source routing on the router Refer to Enabling Source Routing Services for details on configuring source routing You access all source routing parameters from the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 2 17 Refer to Using Site Manager Software for details on accessing this window tre iu SL techpube nary Brides bricg ibara Liri Pecks Bibi fae Color Kar Dari pkion Connectors Figure 2 17 Configuration Manager Window Editing Source Routing Global Parameters To edit source routing global parameters 1 Select Protocols gt Source Routing gt Global in the Configuration Manager window Figure 2 17 The Edit Source Routing Global Parameters window appears Figure 2 18 114060 Rev A 2 33 Configuring Bridging Services Enable SR fridge Internal LAH I SH Dridge ID SP Bridge Grom LAH I0 I
27. field The RIF has two sections Routing Control fields and Routing Designators Figure B 2 8 02 Physical Routing Info 8 02 Physical Info 8 02 Trailer Header Field RIF Header lt 4_ __ Routing Control lt q Routing Designators 4 Routing Length Direction Frame Reserved Routing Routing Type Bit Size Designator Designator Bits 1 n BRGO0030A Figure B 2 Components of the RIF Routing Control Routing control is 2 bytes long and comprises the following bit fields e Routing type e Length e Direction bit e Frame Size bits e Reserved B 2 114060 Rev A Components of a Source Route Frame Type of Frame The first three bits specify the type of frame and the return frame requested These bits take the following format e Oxx specifies a specifically routed frame SRF e 10x specifies an all routes explorer ARE frame e 11x specifies a single routes broadcast SRB frame Length The next five bits are the length of the RIF field in the frame A source routed frame is at least two bytes in length and is called the routing control field Direction Bit The direction bit determines whether the RIF is read from right to left or from left to right As an ARE traverses the network bit 3 is set to 0 to signify that the RIF is read from left to right A station replying to an ARE caches the RIF field and sets the direction bit to 1 so that the RIF is read from right to left Frame Si
28. for variations in throughput If the difference in speeds is significant the translation bridge may drop some frames Implementation Notes The following sections contain specific information you should know before you use the Bay Networks translation bridge Protocols Supported The translation bridge supports the transfer of logical link control based LLC traffic You can designate the service access points SAPs that the translation bridge accepts By default the translation bridge accepts traffic destined for NetBIOS OxF0 Systems Network Architecture SNA 0x04 0x08 OxFC and LAN Network Manager LNM SAPs OxF4 Interfaces Supported The translation bridge can operate on all TB interfaces supported by the Bay Networks router including e Ethernet 802 3 e Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI e Bay Networks serial e Frame Relay e Switched Multi Megabit Data Service SMDS e Point to Point Protocol PPP e Token Ring encapsulation The translation bridge can operate on all SR interfaces supported by the Bay Networks router except IP but including e Token Ring e Bay Networks serial 114060 Rev A 4 7 Configuring Bridging Services e Frame Relay e SMDS e PPP e Ethernet 802 3 encapsulation e FDDI encapsulation e Native SRB on FDDI Loop Free Operation Bridge A 777 Loops occur in the network when there are several different routes between hosts Bridges may forward traffic indefini
29. forwarding table as a station on a TB network the transparent bridge sends the frame to the appropriate TB port If the destination address is in the forwarding table as a station on an SR network the transparent bridge forwards the frame to the translation bridge The translation bridge then converts the frame adds its routing information from the RIF table and forwards the frame to the appropriate SR port 4 4 114060 Rev A Using Translation Bridge Services e Ifthe destination address is not in the forwarding table the transparent bridge forwards the frame out all other TB ports and to the translation bridge The translation bridge converts the frame and sends it to the SR network as either an STE or ARE frame depending on how you configured the translation bridge software Refer to the next section for details on configuring the translation bridge software for STE or ARE frames Note An ARE or STE frame includes the ring ID of the TB network in the route information field Configuring for STE or ARE Frames When the translation bridge software forwards a frame with an unknown destination address onto the SR network it sends the frame as either an STE or ARE frame By default the translation bridge uses STE frames so it does not overload the SR network with excessive ARE traffic However when the translation bridge sends STE frames all of the traffic between the TB and SR networks follows the spanning tree route
30. network generated BPDUs and endstation generated traffic that is subjected to the learning process but is not relayed When the forward delay timer expires the spanning tree algorithm places the circuit in the forwarding state We recommend that you accept the default 15 seconds however if you change the value you must follow the guidelines listed previously in this section Instructions Either accept the default value or enter a new value Make sure you enter the new value in hundredths of a second MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 2 1 17 Editing Spanning Tree Interface Parameters To edit spanning tree interface parameters 1 Select Protocols gt Bridge gt Spanning Tree gt Interfaces from the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 14 The Spanning Tree Interfaces window appears Figure 1 18 114060 Rev A 1 29 Configuring Bridging Services ion Apply IEPs i Help Brent lee Priori ty Path Cost Figure 1 18 Spanning Tree Interfaces Window Select the interface you want to edit Edit the parameters using the descriptions in the next section as a guide Click on Apply to save your changes Yin Bo os Click on Done to exit the window Site Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window 1 30 114060 Rev A Using Transparent Bridge Services Spanning Tree Interface Parameter Descriptions Use these parameter descriptions as a guide when you configure t
31. priority 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 33 2 52 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services Caution We recommend that you not change the following three spanning tree parameters Max Age Hello Time and Forward Delay unless absolutely necessary However if you do change them you must follow these guidelines 2 x Forward Delay 1 Second gt Max Age Max Age 2 x Hello Time 1 Second BRGOOIOA Note If the values for Max Age Hello Time and Forward Delay are not the same for each bridge in your network the root bridge parameters rule the entire topology Parameter Max Age Default 20 seconds expressed in hundredths of a second 2000 Range 6 to 40 seconds Function Specifies the maximum number of seconds that the router considers protocol information BPDUs valid After this specified amount of time the router times out and discards the information We recommend that you accept the default value however if you change it you must follow the guidelines listed previously in this section Instructions Either accept the default value or specify a new value Make sure to express any new value in hundredths of a second MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 43 114060 Rev A 2 53 Configuring Bridging Services Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Hello Time 2 seconds expressed in hundredths of a second 200 1 to 10 s
32. servers and destined for the clients from AREs to SRFs as early as possible along the path back to the client Since there may be a large number of clients on the network the client name cache could grow quite large Therefore be sure to observe available memory on the router when using this feature The primary function of client name caching is to convert name recognized frames from AREs to SRFs You can configure the client name cache to age entries quickly because the name recognized frame is typically returned to the server soon after the name query is sent and because clients may be powered off or moved around the network Quicker aging of the client name cache may help reduce the need for large amounts of memory in the router Server Name Caching If you enable server name caching the source routing bridge caches the source name and associated RIF found in any name recognized broadcast frame it receives In addition the source routing bridge uses information cached from name recognized broadcast frames to convert name query datagram or other name query STE explorer frames into SRFs If you disable server name caching the source routing bridge cannot cache server names and RIFs For optimal efficiency you should enable server name caching on the routers that are nearest to the clients In this configuration the router converts frames originating from the clients and destined for the servers from AREs to SRFs as early as possible
33. source routing circuits the Configuration Manager only displays the Source Route Spanning Tree Autoconfiguration window the first time you specify spanning tree for source routing If you have previously specified spanning tree for source routing this window will not appear Note Although the parameters on this screen have the same names and functions as for spanning sree service under bridging they need to be set independently for spanning tree service under source routing Configure the Bridge Priority and Bridge MAC Address parameters using the descriptions that follow as a guide When you have configured the required parameters click on OK A pop up window prompts Do you want to edit the Source Route Spanning Tr Interface Details 2 30 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services 5 Click on Cancel to enable default spanning tree service and to display the next protocol specific window or click on OK to edit the default values Refer to Editing Source Routing Parameters for instructions Sperming Tree Enable Spamming Tree Protocol Weesion Beidge Prion ity fridge HAC Address Hax Age Helio Time Fortuned Melai Figure 2 16 Source Route Spanning Tree Autoconfiguration Window 114060 Rev A 2 31 Configuring Bridging Services Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructio
34. source route packets across an IP network Enter a valid destination IP address 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 4 1 1 Deleting an IP Explorer Address To delete an IP address from the IP Explorer Address list 1 Select Protocols gt Source Routing gt Explorer Entry in the Configuration Manager window refer to refer to Figure 2 17 The Source Routing Bridge IP Explorer Addresses window appears refer to refer to Figure 2 22 which lists the defined IP explorer addresses Select an IP address from the list Click on Delete The IP address you deleted no longer appears in the IP Explorer Address list 114060 Rev A 2 49 Configuring Bridging Services 4 Click on Done to exit the window Site Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window Editing Source Route Spanning Tree Global Parameters To edit the source route spanning tree global parameters 1 Select Protocols gt Source Routing gt Spanning Tree gt Global in the Configuration Manager window refer to refer to Figure 2 17 The Edit Source Route Spanning Tree Global Parameters window appears Figure 2 24 Sperming Tree Enable Spormming Tree Protocol Version feidge Priority ridge HAC Address CCC Mee Age 7000 Helip Time Hi Forsa helan i1500 Figure 2 24 Edit Source Route Spanning Tree Global Parameters Window 2 Edit the parameters using the descriptions in the next section as a guide 3 Click on OK to save your c
35. that this frame traversed at least one other Bay Networks bridge These bridges perform the following steps in the RIF before transmitting the frame toward Rings 3 and 4 refer to Figure 2 8 1 Remove the last internal LAN ID 2 Replace the incoming ring ID and bridge ID 0 with its own bridge ID 3 Add its own internal LAN ID bridge ID 4 Add the outgoing ring ID bridge ID 0 2 12 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services Destination system MAC address Source system MAC address Routing control field Data ES2 ES1 8270 DSAP SSAP DATA Frame received by Bridge A Incoming Ring ID Bridge ID LAN ID Bridge ID Outgoing Ring ID Bridge ID of 0 ES2 ES1 8830 001A 100A 0020 DSAP SSAP DATA Frame sent out by Bridge A onto Ring 2 Incoming Ring ID Bridge ID LAN ID Bridge ID Outgoing Ring ID Bridge ID of 0 ES2 ES1 8A30 001A 002A 101A 0030 DSAP SSAP DATA Frame sent out by Bridge B onto Ring 3 Incoming Ring ID Bridge ID LAN ID Bridge ID Outgoing Ring ID Bridge ID of 0 ES2 ES1 8030 001A 002A 003A 102A 0040 DSAP SSAP DATA Frame sent out by Bridge C onto Ring 4 BRGOOI7A Figure 2 8 Structure of an Explorer Frame 114060 Rev A 2 13 Configuring Bridging Services How the Source Routing Bridge Handles Specifically Routed Frames This section describes how the Bay Networks source routing bridge handles specifically routed frames SRFs sent from ES2
36. the most significant 16 bits of the bridge ID while Bridge MAC Address supplies the remaining least significant 48 bits The spanning tree uses the bridge ID to select the root bridge In selecting the root bridge the spanning tree chooses the bridge with the lowest number bridge ID Thus the lower the value of this parameter the more likely that the router will be selected as the root bridge Enter a decimal value from 0 to 65535 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 33 Bridge MAC Address Defaults to a unique MAC address that the router automatically creates based on the router s backplane ID Any valid 48 bit MAC level address Combined with the Bridge Priority parameter assigns a 64 bit bridge ID to the router Bridge Priority supplies the most significant 16 bits of the bridge ID while this parameter supplies the remaining least significant 48 bits The spanning tree uses the bridge ID to select the root bridge In selecting the root bridge the spanning tree chooses the bridge with the lowest number bridge ID Thus the lower the value of Bridge Priority the more likely that the router will be selected as the root bridge In the event of equal bridge priority values the Bridge MAC Address value determines the bridge s priority Enter a 48 bit MAC address expressed as a 12 digit hexadecimal value You should set this parameter to the MAC address of one of the router s spanning tree ports preferably the one with the lowest
37. to ES1 Depending on the bridge s position in the network the bridge handles the SRFs differently Figure 2 9 Example A Example B Example C On Bridge A 2 Bridge B 6 Bridge C 3 Internal Internal Internal LAN ID 100 LAN ID 101 LAN ID 102 Internal Internal Internal Group ID FFF Group ID FFF Group ID FFF Bridge ID A Bridge ID A Bridge ID A BRG0018A Figure 2 9 Tracking a Specifically Routed Frame from ES2 to ES1 If there is only a single bridge ID in the RIF then the Bay Networks bridge transmits the frame to the outgoing circuit without modification This is true only when the frame traverses a single Bay Networks bridge or any combination of third party bridges between the source and destination endstation If there are multiple bridge IDs in the RIF then e Example A describes the actions of a Bay Networks bridge if it is the first bridge to handle the SRF e Example B describes the actions of a Bay Networks bridge if there are multiple bridge IDs in the RIF and the bridge is between the first and last Bay Networks bridge to handle the SRF e Example C describes the actions of a Bay Networks bridge if there are multiple bridge IDs in the RIF and the bridge is the last Bay Networks bridge to handle the SRF 2 14 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services Example A First of several bridges to receive the SRF The frame received by Bridge C from Ring 4 did not traverse any other Bay
38. to the Configuration Manager window NML is no longer configure d on the router 5 16 114060 Rev A Appendix A Site Manager Default Settings This appendix describes the Site Manager default parameter settings for the transparent bridge including spanning tree the source routing bridge source routing NetBIOS broadcast reduction the translation bridge and Native Mode LAN services Table A 1 Transparent Bridge Global Parameters Parameter Default Enable Enable Bridge Table Size 1024 entries Enable Forwarding DB Enable Table A 2 Transparent Bridge Interface Parameters Parameter Default Enable If you added bridging using either the Quick Start procedure or the configuring circuits procedure this parameter defaults to Enable If you previously used this parameter to disable bridging on this circuit the parameter defaults to Disable Translational Bridge Enable Disable 114060 Rev A A 1 Configuring Bridging Services Table A 3 Spanning Tree Global Parameters Parameter Default Enable Enable Bridge Priority 128 Bridge MAC Address Autoconfigured Max Age 20 s expressed in hundredths of a second 2000 Hello Time 2 s expressed in hundredths of a second 200 Forward Delay 15 s expressed in hundredths of a second 1500 Table A 4 Spanning Tree Interface Parameters Parameter Default Enable
39. traverse the SR network Database Aging Mechanism The information that the translation bridge inserts into the forwarding database and the RIF database has an aging attribute that determines how long the information remains in the databases Each time the translation bridge receives a frame from a particular SR station address the age in both databases is reset When the aging attribute reaches a user configurable value the translation bridge deletes the entries for that SR station from both the RIF database and the forwarding database This aging mechanism allows you to control how quickly the translation bridge adapts to changes in the SR network topology 4 2 114060 Rev A Using Translation Bridge Services Bridge Operations The Bay Networks translation bridge software provides a link between the transparent bridging and source routing software on the router The following sections describe how that link functions SR Operations To facilitate SR operations you assign the TB network a ring number To stations on the SR network the entire TB network appears to be one additional network segment or ring identified by this ring number When the SR bridge receives a frame destined for this ring number it passes it to the translation bridge Routing of Explorer Frames SR networks use explorer frames to determine the route between stations Refer to Chapter 2 for a description of how SR networks determine routes Some sta
40. verify that the value you enter for a parameter is valid Entering an invalid value can corrupt your configuration Editing Bridge Global Parameters To edit the bridge global parameters 114060 Rev A 1 19 Configuring Bridging Services 1 Select Protocols gt Bridge gt Global from the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 14 The Edit Bridge Global Parameters window appears Figure 1 15 Eriaixl Bridge Tahle Stns Erbe Foreisrairg DE Figure 1 15 Edit Bridge Global Parameters Window 2 Edit the parameters using the descriptions in the next section as a guide 3 Click on OK to save your changes and exit the window Site Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window Bridge Global Parameter Descriptions Use these parameter descriptions as a guide when you configure the parameters in the Edit Bridge Global Parameters window refer to Figure 1 15 Parameter Enable Default Enable Options Enable Disable Function Enables or disables bridging on the entire router Instructions Set to Disable if you want to disable bridging for all circuits on the router MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 1 1 2 1 20 114060 Rev A Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Using Transparent Bridge Services Bridge Table Size 1024 entries 1024 2048 4096 8192 16384 32768 65536 131072 Specifies the maximum number of MAC address entri
41. 0 Rev A Technical Support and Online Services Bay Networks Information Services Bay Networks Information Services provide up to date support information as a first line resource for network administration expansion and maintenance This information is available from a variety of sources World Wide Web The Bay Networks Customer Support Web Server offers a diverse library of technical documents software agents and other important technical information to Bay Networks customers and partners A special benefit for contracted customers and resellers is the ability to access the Web Server to perform Case Management This feature enables your support staff to interact directly with the network experts in our worldwide Technical Response Centers A registered contact with a valid Site ID can e View a listing of support cases and determine the current status of any open case Case history data includes severity designation and telephone e mail or other logs associated with the case e Customize the listing of cases according to a variety of criteria including date severity status and case ID e Log notes to existing open cases e Create new cases for rapid efficient handling of noncritical network situations e Communicate directly via e mail with the specific technical resources assigned to your case The Bay Networks URL is http www baynetworks com Customer Service is a menu item on that home page Customer Servi
42. 0 Rev A Using Transparent Bridge Services Ensble fridge Priority Beidge al Address Mae Age Hello Time Foruneed Iela Figure 1 17 Edit Spanning Tree Global Parameters Window 2 Edit the parameters using the descriptions in the next section as a guide 3 Click on OK to save your changes and exit the window Site Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window Spanning Tree Global Parameter Descriptions Use these parameter descriptions as a guide when you configure the parameters in the Edit Spanning Tree Global Parameters window refer to Figure 1 17 Parameter Enable Default Enable Options Enable Disable Function Enables or disables spanning tree on the entire router Instructions Set to Disable if you want to disable spanning tree for the entire router or to Enable if you want to enable spanning tree for the entire router MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 2 1 2 114060 Rev A 1 25 Configuring Bridging Services Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Bridge Priority 128 0 to 65535 Combined with the Bridge MAC Address parameter assigns a 64 bit bridge ID to the router This parameter supplies the most significant 16 bits of the bridge ID while Bridge MAC Address supplies the remaining least significant 48 bits The spanning tree uses the bridge ID to select th
43. 0 Rev A 5 5 Configuring Bridging Services Editing NML Parameters Once you configure a circuit to support NML you can use the Configuration Manager to edit the NML parameters This section describes how to edit these parameters Note The instructions in this section assume that you already configured NML on the router If you did not refer to Configuring Routers for details For each NML parameter this section provides information about default settings valid parameter options the parameter function instructions for setting the parameter and the Management Information Base MIB object ID The Technician Interface lets you modify parameters by issuing set and commit commands that specify the MIB object ID This process is equivalent to modifying parameters using Site Manager For more information about using the Technician Interface to access the MIB refer to Using Technician Interface Software Caution The Technician Interface does not verify that the value you enter for a parameter is valid Entering an invalid value can corrupt your configuration You access all NML parameters from the Configuration Manager window Figure 5 3 Refer to Configuring Routers for details on accessing this window 5 6 114060 Rev A Using Native Mode LAN Services Conti walle Mager S E FILE mi er SL techubes nary m Pridgs ora Lint pects BLH Figure 5 3 Configuration Manager Window Editing NML Interface
44. 01 00 00 A2 00 00 02 00 00 A2 00 00 03 00 00 A2 00 00 04 BRG0001A Figure 1 1 Forwarding Table Update 1 2 114060 Rev A Using Transparent Bridge Services The bridge then forwards relays to another network or drops discards the frame based on the forwarding table entries When the bridge receives a frame it compares the frame s destination address with addresses in the forwarding table One of these situations results e Ifthe frame s destination address is on the same LAN as its source address the bridge discards the frame all nodes on that LAN already received this frame e Ifthe frame s destination address is on a different LAN than its source address the bridge forwards the frame to that LAN e If there is no match for the frame s destination address in the forwarding table the bridge forwards the frame to all networks except the one that received the frame This is called flooding e Ifthe frame is destined for the bridge for example a spanning tree frame the bridge forwards the frame to the appropriate bridge entity and processes it internally Note If a frame is forwarded or flooded to a LAN using a different data link level protocol the bridge translates the frame to the appropriate frame format before transmission The Translation Process The transparent bridge translates frames for bridging between Ethernet 802 3 LANs and FDDI LANs When the transparent bridge receives Ethernet 802 3 fr
45. 1 1 2 10 1 2 Mac Address None Any valid 48 bit MAC address Specifies the MAC address of the NetBIOS name you selected Specify the MAC address of the name 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 10 1 5 RIF from Router None Any valid RIF with route entries specified in hexadecimal format Specifies the RIF required for any frame to reach the NetBIOS station you selected After you add a NetBIOS name to the static list specify the RIF from the router to the station that uses the name First allow the bridge to use the route discovery process to learn the correct RIF of the station You can use the Quick Get function accessible from Site Manager s Statistics Manager tool to examine the RIF by requesting the MIB object wfBrSrNbRifEntry wfBrSrNbRif Refer to Managing Routers for details on using the Statistics Manager tool Next copy the RIF to this RIF From Router parameter 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 10 1 6 114060 Rev A 3 27 Configuring Bridging Services Deleting a Statically Configured NetBIOS Name To delete a statically configured NetBIOS name 1 Select Protocols gt Source Routing gt NetBIOS Static Name from the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 3 1 The NetBIOS Static List window appears which lists all of the statically configured NetBIOS clients and servers currently defined in the node configuration refer to Figure 3 4 2 Select the NetBIOS name you want to delete 3 Click on Delete Th
46. 1 4 114060 Rev A 2 35 Configuring Bridging Services Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID SR Bridge ID 0x0 0x1 to Oxf Specifies this bridge s bridge ID and identifies the Bay Networks source routing bridges in the network Assign the same value to all Bay Networks source routing bridges in the network unless two bridges operate in parallel see the following note The SR bridge ID must be unique among any other non Bay Networks bridge IDs in the network You cannot use the value 0x0 that appears initially in the parameter box You must specify a value for this parameter that is within the given range 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 5 Note If two Bay Networks source routing bridges operate in parallel you must assign a different SR bridge ID to one of them You must also specify the SR bridge ID in the Bridge Entry list for all other Bay Networks source routing bridges in the network See Implementation Notes for more information Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID SR Bridge Group LAN ID Oxfff 0x1 to Oxfff Specifies this bridge s group LAN ID The bridge uses the group LAN ID when transmitting specifically routed frames SRFs between Bay Networks bridges Together with the other routing designators the group LAN ID helps bridges manipulate the RIF Assign the same group LAN ID to all Bay Networks source routing bri
47. 2 50 to 2 55 Forward Delay 2 55 Hello Time 2 54 Max Age 2 53 Path Cost interface 2 57 Spanning Tree Enable 2 51 Spanning Tree Enable interface 2 57 Index Source routing 2 1 to 2 58 across Token Ring networks 2 11 defaults A 3 A 4 disabling 2 35 2 40 2 58 enabling 2 35 2 40 explorer frames 2 11 frame structure explorer frames 2 13 IP encapsulated frame 2 19 of a specifically routed frame 2 16 IP encapsulating bridge example of 2 17 on a circuit 2 25 over FDDI 2 21 over frame relay 2 21 route discovery 2 11 specifically routed frames SRF 2 14 Source routing bridge Conn IP NTWK Ring Number global parameter 2 37 Enable global parameter 2 35 Enable interface parameter 2 40 Encapsulation Format 2 43 Frames with IP Ring interface parameter 2 42 global parameters editing 2 33 to 2 38 Inbound STEs interface parameter 2 42 interface parameters editing 2 38 to 2 43 IP Address interface parameter 2 43 IP Encapsulation global parameter 2 37 IP MTU Size global parameter 2 38 Max number of RDs interface parameter 2 40 Outbound STEs interface parameter 2 41 Source Routing Ring Number interface parameter 2 41 SR Bridge ID global parameter 2 36 SR Bridge Internal LAN ID global parameter 2 35 SR Group LAN ID global parameter 2 36 translation bridge operations 4 3 to 4 4 WAN Broadcast Address interface parameter 2 43 Source Routing Ring Number parameter 2 41 1140
48. 5 4 overview of 5 1 to 5 3 parameter defaults A 8 parameters See the individual index entries traffic controlling on a network trunk 5 4 Native Mode LAN parameters Add Security Header interface parameter 5 9 CUG value interface parameter 5 10 Disable interface parameter 5 9 Range Enable parameter 5 16 Range End add security range parameter 5 13 Range Start add security range parameter 5 13 SAID Type interface parameter 5 10 SAID Value interface parameter 5 10 Security List Action interface parameter 5 11 NetBIOS broadcast reduction 3 4 to 3 9 cache aging 3 8 cache lookup 3 8 client name caching 3 5 3 14 3 21 datagram 3 4 datagram RIF caching 3 6 3 15 global parameters editing 3 13 to 3 19 interface parameters editing 3 20 to 3 22 names 3 1 to 3 9 query caching 3 7 3 18 3 19 3 22 server name caching 3 6 session establishing a 3 3 to 3 4 sessionless communication 3 4 statically configured clients and servers 3 22 to 3 28 used with DLSw 3 10 NetBIOS parameters 15 Character NetBIOS Name Caching 3 15 Create MIB Instances for Cached Name 3 15 Create MIB Instances for Cached Query 3 18 Enable 3 27 Hash Entry Count 3 17 MAC address 3 25 Mac Address static list 3 27 Max Name Cache Entries 3 16 Max Number Query Cache Entries 3 19 Name Cache Age 3 16 NetBIOS Client Name Cache 3 14 NetBIOS Datagram RIF Cache 3 15 NetBIOS Server Name Cache 3 14 NetBIOS Station Name 3 25 RIF from Rout
49. 60 Rev A Index 5 Configuring Bridging Services Source Routing Translate Learning Bridge enabling on a circuit 4 12 Source routing to transparent translation bridge See Translation bridge Source route endstations 2 9 to 2 10 Spanning tree defaults A 2 disabling 1 25 1 31 1 32 enabling 1 25 1 31 enabling over source routing 2 51 interface parameters editing to 1 32 service by transparent bridge 1 1 Spanning tree algorithm 2 3 configuring 1 10 to 1 13 designated bridge for 1 11 example of 1 8 to 1 10 global parameters editing 1 24 to 1 29 root bridge for 1 10 used with NetBIOS 3 9 values needed by 1 10 with translation bridge 4 8 to 4 9 Spanning tree broadcast routing 2 3 Spanning Tree Enable parameter 2 51 2 57 Spanning tree explorer STE frame 2 3 2 41 4 3 4 5 Spanning tree parameters Enable 1 25 1 31 Forward Delay 1 29 Hello Time 1 28 Max Age 1 27 Path Costr 1 32 Priority interface 1 31 Specific routing 2 4 Specifically routed frame SRF 2 4 4 4 Speed of network with translation bridge 4 7 SR Bridge ID parameter 2 36 SR Bridge Internal LAN ID parameter 2 35 SR Group LAN ID parameter 2 36 SRF See Specifically routed frame Station type 4 24 to 4 26 STE See Spanning tree explorer STE frame Support Source CD xxiv T Token Ring Functional Address parameter 4 23 Token Ring networks source routing across 2 11 Translation bridg
50. AD Address Ethernet Type Figure 4 9 Translation Bridge Address Mapping Window 3 Edit the parameters using the descriptions in the next section as a guide 4 Click on OK to save your changes and exit the window Site Manager returns you to the Ethernet Station Type List window 5 Click on Done to exit the window Site Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window Translation Bridge Ethernet Address Mapping Parameter Descriptions Use these parameter descriptions as a guide when you configure the parameters in the Translation Bridge Address Mapping window refer to Figure 4 9 Parameter Ethernet MAC Address Default None Options Any valid Ethernet MAC address Function Indicates the address of the station whose type you want to specify Instructions Enter the Ethernet MAC address of the desired station MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 14 1 2 114060 Rev A 4 25 Configuring Bridging Services Parameter Ethernet Type Default Ethernet Options Ethernet IEEE8023 Function Specifies the type of frame you want to use for this station either Ethernet Version 2 Ethernet or Ethernet 802 3 IEEE8023 Instructions Select the type you want to use for this station MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 14 1 3 Deleting a Station To delete a station from the station list 1 Select Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Translation Bridge gt Ethernet Type List from the Configuratio
51. AN ID to source route packets through the network The following sections describe each of these routing designators in detail Bridge ID The bridge ID is a standard source routing designator that identifies a bridge in the network When you assign the bridge ID make sure you follow these guidelines e Assign the same bridge ID to all other Bay Networks source routing bridges on the network unless the bridges operate in parallel e Assign bridge IDs to Bay Networks bridges that are unique among all bridges on the network 2 22 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services e Assign to third party routers bridge IDs that differ from Bay Networks source routing bridge IDs If two or more Bay Networks bridges operate in parallel you must assign different bridge IDs You must also specify the other Bay Networks bridge ID in the entry list for each bridge For example in Figure 2 13 Bay Networks Bridges A C and D all have the same bridge ID A However because Bridges B and C operate in parallel Bridge B has a different bridge ID B You specify this bridge ID B in the Bridge Entry list for Bridges A C and D This ensures that the bridges know Bridge B is active on the network Similarly you specify the bridge ID A for Bridge B on the Bridge Entry list so that it knows Bridges A C and D are active on the network Internal LAN ID 104 Internal Group ID FFF Bridge ID B BN Bridge Entry A Bridge ID
52. N links connecting the remote routers e Define IP addresses in the IP explorer list so that the source routing bridge can send AREs to those addresses e Configure IP on the port The IP address automatically resides in the routing table Define at least two IP address for each router in another router s ARE explorer table If the service provided by one token ring interface is disabled the router can still forward AREs e Alternatively you could configure a connectionless IP address on each router and configure only the connectionless address This would reduce explorer traffic but would ensure that the IP address is up Note Each IP address on a router that receives an ARE forwards the ARE through all other source routed interfaces This can cause duplicate AREs on the network but it ensures redundancy if the service of any token ring interface is interrupted Source Routing over Frame Relay Networks The Bay Networks source routing bridge supports source routing over Frame Relay networks using RFC 1490 standard Frame Relay encapsulation and Bay Networks proprietary Frame Relay encapsulation To select proprietary or RFC 1490 standard Frame Relay encapsulation use the Encapsulation Format parameter as described in the section Source Routing Interface Parameter Descriptions later in this chapter Source Routing over FDDI The Bay Networks source routing bridge supports communications between Token Ring endst
53. P Encspsulation Conn IP AWE Ring mimer IP ATU Size tihyjtem Bethl0S Server Hone Cache fethl0S Client Hare Cache Keth Bategran RIF Cahe Figure 2 18 Edit Source Routing Global Parameters Window 2 Edit the parameters using the descriptions in the next section as a guide Refer to 3 for details on editing the NetBIOS parameters 3 Click on OK to save your changes and exit the window Source Routing Global Parameter Descriptions Use these parameter descriptions as a guide when you configure the parameters in the Edit Source Routing Global Parameters window Figure 2 18 Refer to Chapter 3 for details on configuring the NetBIOS parameters on this window 2 34 114060 Rev A Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Using Source Routing Bridge Services Enable Enable Enable Disable Enables or disables source routing on the entire router Set to Disable if you want to disable source routing 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 2 SR Bridge Internal LAN ID 0x0 0x1 to Oxffe Specifies this bridge s internal LAN ID Assign an internal LAN ID that is unique among all other internal LAN IDs group LAN IDs and ring IDs in the network You cannot use the value 0x0 that appears initially in the parameter box You must specify a value for this parameter that is within the given range 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2
54. P explorer address 1 Select Protocols gt Source Routing gt Explorer Entry in the Configuration Manager window refer to refer to Figure 2 17 The Source Routing Bridge IP Explorer Addresses window appears Figure 2 22 which lists the defined IP explorer addresses Figure 2 22 Source Routing Bridge IP Explorer Addresses Window 2 Click on Add The Add Source Routing Explorer IP Address window appears Figure 2 23 Enter Source Routing Bridge Explorer Now Heide Explorer toss Add SH HR EXP Figure 2 23 Add Source Routing Explorer IP Address Window 2 48 114060 Rev A Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID 3 Using Source Routing Bridge Services Enter the new IP address in the New SR Bridge Explorer IP address field using the description in the next section as a guide Click on Add SR BR EXP Site Manager returns you to the Source Routing Bridge IP Explorer Addresses window The IP address you configured now appears in the list Click on Done to exit the window Site Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window IP Explorer Address Parameter Description Use this parameter description as a guide when you configure the parameter in the Add Source Routing Explorer IP Address window refer to refer to Figure 2 23 New SR Bridge Explorer IP address None Any valid IP address Specifies a destination IP address that this bridge can use to
55. P network ring ID for each Bay Networks source routing bridge that connects to the network e Enable IP encapsulation on the source routing bridges that connect to the IP backbone You reset the IP Encapsulation parameter to Enable for each source routing bridge Refer to Editing Source Routing Global Parameters later in this chapter for details on accessing this parameter e Specify the IP Explorer list for each source routing interface that connects to the IP backbone The IP Explorer list defines the IP addresses that will receive explorer frames from the bridge These IP addresses are assigned to the token rings of remote users Refer to Adding or Deleting an IP Address on the IP Explorer Address List later in this chapter for details on the IP Explorer list e Create directed explorer filters to reduce excess broadcast traffic on the network Refer to Configuring Traffic Filters and Protocol Prioritization for details on filters Enabling Source Routing Services This section describes how to enable the following services on an interface e Source routing e Source routing spanning tree It assumes you have read Configuring Routers and that you have 1 Opened a configuration file 2 Specified router hardware if this is a local mode configuration file 3 Selected the link or net module connector on which you are enabling source routing or configured a WAN circuit if this connector requires one When you enab
56. Parameters To edit NML interface parameters 1 Select Protocols gt NML gt Interfaces from the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 5 3 The NML Interfaces window appears Figure 5 4 114060 Rev A 5 7 Configuring Bridging Services spa rtf p ee i fale App ly valuri Helps os C 5 Security Lis Qisesble FHARLED Acid Security Meader ADD_SECURITY SAID Tige HDI IM SA00 Yali GG Value Security List Action Figure 5 4 NML Interfaces Window 2 Edit the parameters using the descriptions in the next section as a guide 3 Click on OK to save your changes and exit the window Site Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window NML Interface Parameter Descriptions Use the following descriptions as a guide when you configure the parameters in the NML Interfaces window refer to Figure 5 4 5 8 114060 Rev A Using Native Mode LAN Services Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Disable Enabled Enabled Disabled Enables and disables the NML service on this circuit Set to Disabled if you want to temporarily disable NML on this circuit rather than delete it Set to Enabled if you previously disabled NML but now want to re enable it 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 5 2 1 2 Add Security Header Add Security No Security Add Security Check
57. S Services NetBIOS Interface Parameter Descriptions Use these parameter descriptions as a guide when you configure the parameters in the SR Interface List window refer to Figure 3 3 Refer to Chapter 2 for details on editing the source routing interface parameters on this window Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID NetBIOS Server Name Cache Enable Enable Disable Enables or disables the ability of this bridge interface to cache the source name MAC address and RIF path for each NetBIOS server active on the network Select Enable if you disabled server name caching previously and you want to re enable it Select Disable if you want to release system memory and processing resources otherwise dedicated to server name caching 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 2 1 17 NetBIOS Client Name Cache Enable Enable Disable Enables or disables the ability of this bridge interface to cache the source name MAC address and RIF path for each NetBIOS client active in the network Select Enable if you disabled client name caching previously and you want to re enable it Select Disable if you want to release system memory and processing resources otherwise dedicated to client name caching Select Disable if your network has a spanning tree topology 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 2 1 18 114060 Rev A 3 21 Config
58. Security Specifies whether the NML port adds a CUGID to frames entering the bridge and performs an access check on frames that exit the bridge Add Security The NML port adds a CUGID to every frame that enters the bridge on the circuit and performs an access check on every frame that attempts to exit from the bridge on the circuit Depending on the option you specify for the Security List Action parameter the NML port forwards or drops the exiting frame In forwarding a frame the NML port strips off the CUGID Check Security The NML port performs an access check on each frame that attempts to exit from the bridge on the circuit Depending on the option you specify for the Security List Action parameter the NML port forwards or drops the exiting frame The NML port forwards the frame with the CUGID in place It does not strip off the identifier No Security The port performs no access validation Specify Add Security for a circuit that provides a bridge connection for a LAN belonging to a closed user group Specify Check Security for a circuit that provides a bridge connection for a network trunk For information about NML services for network trunks refer to Controlling NML Traffic on a Network Trunk 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 5 2 1 4 114060 Rev A 5 9 Configuring Bridging Services Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Range Function Instructions
59. a member of the Star Closed User Group on LAN A sends a frame to another member of the Star group located on LAN C 1 2 3 4 The frame properly addressed enters Bridge 1 through NML Port 1 Port 1 labels the frame with the Star CUGID Bridge 1 forwards the frame to Bridge 2 over the FDDI trunk The frame attempts to exit Bridge 2 through Port 6 Port 6 examines the CUGID on the frame The CUGID on the frame matches the CUGID on the port s access list Port 6 forwards the frame to LAN C in the Star Closed User Group Defining a Closed User Group To define a closed user group 1 Select a CUGID for the closed user group 2 Create an NML port for each LAN in the closed user group by adding the NML protocol to an existing bridge circuit Refer to Chapter 2 of Configuring Routers for details Assign the group CUGID to each port and specify other NML port parameters Refer to NML Add Security Range Parameters later in this chapter for details Provide each NML port with an access list containing the group CUGID Refer to Assigning an Access List to a Port later in this chapter for details Implementation Notes The following sections describe some Native Mode LAN configuration features 114060 Rev A 5 3 Configuring Bridging Services Defining a Closed User Group That Permits Overlapping Network Traffic In an NML environment overlapping traffic occurs when members of one closed gro
60. a ring number ring ID to this source routing circuit that is unique among any other ring IDs group LAN IDs or internal LAN IDs in the network You cannot use the value 0x0 that appears initially in the parameter box You must specify a value for this parameter that is within the given range MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 2 1 6 114060 Rev A 2 29 Configuring Bridging Services Enabling Source Routing Spanning Tree Service on an Interface To enable source routing spanning tree on an interface complete the following steps 1 From the Select Protocols menu select the Spanning Tree option that is directly under the Source Routing option Note that the Configuration Manager also selects the Source Routing option because this Spanning Tree protocol cannot run without source routing enabled If you have not yet enabled source routing on any circuit the Edit Source Routing Global Parameters window appears Figure 2 14 If you have enabled source routing on some other circuit the SR Interface List window appears Figure 2 15 Refer to Enabling Source Routing Services on an Interface earlier in this chapter to configure the necessary source routing parameters After you configure the interface parameters and click on OK in the SR Interface List window the Source Route Spanning Tree Autoconfiguration window appears Figure 2 16 Note Because the spanning tree is global that is it runs across all
61. access MAC addresses and ports via the MIB If you change the setting of this parameter in dynamic mode the bridge disables and re enables itself If you change the setting to Disable the bridge deletes all previously learned addresses including those in the forwarding table Instructions Leave this parameter enabled if you want to view the MAC addresses in the forwarding table or the ports from which the bridge learned the addresses Disable this parameter if you need to improve bridge performance MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 1 1 6 Editing Bridge Interface Parameters To edit bridge interface parameters 1 Select Protocols gt Bridge gt Interfaces from the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 14 The Bridge Interfaces window appears Figure 1 16 1 22 114060 Rev A Using Transparent Bridge Services Ersia le Tremuimtional Bridges Enable Figure 1 16 Bridge Interfaces Window Select the interface you want to edit Edit the parameters using the descriptions in the next section as a guide Click on Apply to save your changes u e Y P Click on Done to exit the window Site Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window Bridge Interface Parameter Descriptions Use these parameter descriptions as a guide when you configure the parameters in the Bridge Interfaces window refer to Figure 1 16 114060 Rev A 1 23 Configuring Bridging Services Parameter Enabl
62. ainn a a i B 3 Fareoe BiS aoina AEN B 3 Rouang VesignaDrS ronisin e E B 4 Index X 114060 Rev A Figure 1 1 Figure 1 2 Figure 1 3 Figure 1 4 Figure 1 5 Figure 1 6 Figure 1 7 Figure 1 8 Figure 1 9 Figure 1 10 Figure 1 11 Figure 1 12 Figure 1 13 Figure 1 14 Figure 1 15 Figure 1 16 Figure 1 17 Figure 1 18 Figure 2 1 Figure 2 2 Figure 2 3 Figure 2 4 Figure 2 5 Figure 2 6 Figure 2 7 Figure 2 8 Figure 2 9 Figure 2 10 114060 Rev A Figures Forwarding Table bd ale saute arite irnata 1 2 RFG 1042 ERG apsutatOnn mireia aA eaten 1 4 Bridge Tunnel Senice Encapsulation sssrinin 1 4 Ethernet 16 FDDI Translation sescionisanssnsnnssniiiasia 1 5 POD to Eiherneit MarislauOn siessen ae 1 6 Eihernetg02 ato FDDI Translatio ninsiruereassnan cence aieens 1 7 AppleTalk ARP Originating on FDDI to 802 3 Translation 1 8 Parallel Bridge Topology EE E EE tare ueohadenavcemeaans E 1 9 Root Port Determination Equal Path Costs c cccsseeeeseeeeseeeeeeeeeees 1 11 Root Port Determination Equal Path Costs and Root Interface Priorities 1 12 Spanning Tree Loop Free Logical Topology essceeeeeesteeeeeeees 1 13 Inefficient Spanning Wes TOPGlOOY saisiscicicssiscescssizscceiatsnentesciainereeeeanene 1 14 Spanning Tree Autoconfiguration Window cceeeeeeeeeeteeeetteeeeeees 1 17 Configuration Manager Window c ccccseeeenee cece eeeeeeeseeee
63. along the path to the server Server name caching also reduces the number of broadcasts from multiple clients trying to reach the same server As a general rule server name caching consumes less memory than client name caching because a network usually has fewer servers than clients You can usually configure the server cache for a longer aging interval than the client cache because servers tend to be less mobile than clients Datagram RIF Caching If you enable datagram name caching the source routing bridge caches the source name and associated RIF found in any datagram frame it receives In addition the source routing bridge uses information cached from datagram broadcast frames to convert broadcast name query name recognized or other datagram frames into SRFs 3 6 114060 Rev A Using NetBIOS Services If you disable datagram name caching the source routing bridge cannot cache NetBIOS names and RIFs that it receives in datagrams Query Caching When a NetBIOS station comes up on the network it may rebroadcast add name query and add group name query frames five to ten times at 0 5 second intervals This increases the probability that all NetBIOS stations eventually receive these frames The NetBIOS query cache is completely independent of the name cache Its purpose is to filter redundant add name query and add group name query requests The NetBIOS query cache captures the first add name or add group name query frame it r
64. alue of the root path cost offered in all configuration BPDUs transmitted by the bridge To determine the path cost use this formula Interface Path Cost 1000 Attached LAN speed in Mb s Enter a path cost value for this interface in the Path Cost box For example enter 100 if the attached LAN is Ethernet 1000 10 100 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 2 1 28 114060 Rev A 2 57 Configuring Bridging Services Deleting Source Routing from the Router To delete source routing from all circuits on which you enabled it 1 Select Protocols gt Source Routing gt Delete Source Routing in the Configuration Manager window A confirmation window prompts Do you RI FALLY want to delete Source Routing Select OK Site Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window source routing is no longer configured on the router 2 58 114060 Rev A Chapter 3 Using NetBIOS Services This chapter provides e An overview of the Network Basic Input Output System NetBIOS e Implementation notes you should consider before you attempt to customize NetBIOS e Instructions for enabling NetBIOS e Instructions on how to use the Configuration Manager to edit the NetBIOS parameters NetBIOS Overview NetBIOS is a standard mechanism for sharing services and information across a variety of transmission protocols and media NetBIOS Names Each PC application that runs over a Token Ring LAN has a NetBIOS name Appl
65. ame Cache Enable NetBIOS Client Name Cache Enable NetBIOS Datagram RIF Cache Enable NetBIOS Query Cache Enable WAN Broadcast Address 1 Encapsulation Format Proprietary Table A 7 Source Routing Bridge ID Parameter Parameter Default New Source Routing Bridge ID None Table A 8 IP Explorer Address Parameter Parameter Default New SR Bridge Explorer IP address None 114060 Rev A Site Manager Default Settings Table A 9 Source Route Spanning Tree Global Parameters Parameter Default Spanning Tree Enable Enable Bridge Priority 128 Bridge MAC Address Autoconfigured Max Age 20s Hello Time 2s Forward Delay 15s Table A 10 Source Route Spanning Tree Interface Parameters Parameter Default Spanning Tree Enable If you added spanning tree using either the Quick Start procedure or the configuring circuits procedure this parameter defaults to Enable If you previously used this parameter to disable spanning tree on this circuit the parameter defaults to Disable Path Cost 1 114060 Rev A Configuring Bridging Services Table A 11 NetBIOS Global Parameters Parameter Default NetBIOS Server Name Cache Disable NetBIOS Client Name Cache Disable NetBIOS Datagram RIF Cache Disable 15 Character NetBIOS Name Disable Caching Create MIB Instances for Cached Enable Name Max Name Cache Entries 100s
66. ame query to determine the route to the destination application The query is a spanning tree explorer STE frame that invites a specific remote application to respond Refer to Chapter 2 for details on STE frames As the name query STE frame propagates along its spanning tree route the frame accumulates routing information field RIF data that traces its unique path through the loop free topology of the network e If you do not have a source routed spanning tree configured on your network the STE propagates along all available routes to the destination application Multiple copies of the name query STE frame may arrive at the destination station e If your network has a spanning tree topology only one copy of the name query STE frame arrives at the destination remote station The NetBIOS interface on the destination station recognizes the name of one of its own applications in the query frame The NetBIOS interface responds by broadcasting a name recognized all routes explorer ARE frame Refer to Chapter 2 for details on ARE frames As the name recognized ARE frame propagates toward the calling station along multiple paths each frame accumulates RIF information that traces its unique path through the network The originating source routing interface receives multiple copies of the name recognized frame Depending on the number of parallel paths from the destination application back to the calling application one or more copies o
67. ames destined for an FDDI LAN it reformats those frames to the FDDI MAC frame format The transparent bridge sets the original MAC frame type in the logical link control LLC header Therefore if the frame passes through a second FDDI to Ethernet 802 3 bridge that bridge can translate the frame back to its original format The bridge translates all Ethernet MAC frames to FDDI MAC and IEEE 802 2 LLC Subnetwork Access Protocol SNAP encapsulation as specified by RFC 1042 Protocols that adhere to RFC 1042 include DECnet Phase IV Novell AppleTalk Phase I and II Xerox Network System XNS Internet Package Exchange IPX and Internet Protocol IP Figure 1 2 shows the format and values of the LLC and SNAP headers of these frames after translation 114060 Rev A Configuring Bridging Services SNAP LLC SSAP Control OUI Protocol Type 0xAA 03 000000 Original Type BRGO0002A Figure 1 2 RFC 1042 Encapsulation AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol ARP frames Ethernet frames with a protocol type equal to 80F3 require special translation by the Bridge Tunnel Service Figure 1 3 illustrates the LLC and SNAP headers of the AppleTalk ARP outbound frame after the Bridge Tunnel Service translation SNAP LLC SSAP Control OUI Protocol Type 0xAA 03 0000F8 80F3 Key SNAP Subnetwork Access Protocol LLC logical link control DSAP destination service accesss point SSAP session service access poi
68. andard If your router running software Version 8 or higher communicates with another Version 8 router and you configured both routers to run source routing over Frame Relay you can select either Proprietary or Standard however you must set the same encapsulation format for both routers If you want to bridge between source routing Token Ring and FDDI endstations refer to the following instructions If your router running software Version 8 or higher connects Token Ring endstations to FDDI endstations select Standard for standard native encapsulation If your router running software Version 8 or higher communicates with a third party router via an FDDI network and each router connects to a Token Ring network select Standard If your router communicates with a Version 5 or Version 7 router via an FDDI network and each router connects to a Token Ring network accept the default Proprietary If your router running software Version 8 or higher communicates with another router running Version 8 or higher via an FDDI network 2 44 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services you can select either Proprietary or Standard however you must set the same encapsulation format for both routers MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 2 1 24 Adding or Deleting a Bridge ID on the Bridge Entry List You specify a bridge ID on the Bridge Entry list if you want to configure two or more Bay Networks source ro
69. araa es 4 7 Loop Pres OPA ANON aacticenta citar tiie ei iets OA 4 8 Physically Disabling Loops PAEA PE T EP ana P 4 8 singe Spaning eS PROIOGOD rerik a aniar ni 4 9 Procedure for Configuring the Translation Bridge on Your Network ccce8 4 11 Enabling Source Routing Translate LB ServiCe nsiierisaiioriermsrirrrna seriinin 4 12 Crealing the Iramelation Bridge sectttciivandediarendtuatiee tartan eaten 4 14 Editing Translation Bridge Paranneters sjiruisiauniseinidai vainuia iaae aiaa ai aa 4 15 Editing Translation Bridge Global Parameters c iciccicsscciecu seneiasctescesnoent soagiecsniateavese 4 15 Translation Bridge Global Parameter Descriptions 0 ccceceeeeeeeeseeteeeetteeeeeaees 4 16 Editing Translation Bridge MAC Address Conversions cceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeeees 4 21 Adang an Address MAPPING secicssctccsithieteriateie nen en ceria eee 4 21 Translation Bridge Address Mapping Parameter Descriptions 006 4 23 Deleting an Address Mapping PEE ere iann 4 23 Editing Translation Bridge Station Type cccesceceeeceeeseeceeeeeseeaeeeeeneeesaeeeseneeeeeas 4 24 Adding a New Address to the Station List ccc eccccseeceeseesteeeeesseeeeeeseeaas 4 24 Translation Bridge Ethernet Address Mapping Parameter Descriptions 4 25 Deemno ec AANO pepe eer E ENARA 4 26 Deleting the Translation Bridge from the Router TENET anwa PTE aano 4 26 Chapter 5 Using Native Mode
70. ations and FDDI endstations using standard native encapsulation and proprietary encapsulation Use Bay Networks proprietary encapsulation if you want to communicate with a Version 7 router running source routing over FDDI 114060 Rev A 2 21 Configuring Bridging Services To select proprietary or standard encapsulation use the Encapsulation Format parameter as described in the section Source Routing Interface Parameter Descriptions later in this chapter For More Information about Source Routing The following documents provide technical details on Source Routing Protocol implementation IBM Token Ring Network Architecture Reference Third Edition SC3D 3374 D2 New York IBM Corporation September 1989 Source Routing Appendix to IEEE Standard 802 1d Media Access Control MAC Bridges Project 802 5m Draft 71991 Perlman Radia Interconnections Bridges and Routers Reading Massachusetts Addison Wesley Publishing Company First printing May 1992 Implementation Notes This section contains some basic guidelines for adding Bay Networks source routing bridges to your network It also describes some of the configuration features that may match your network requirements Assigning Bridge IDs Internal LAN IDs and Group LAN IDs When you enable the source routing bridge on the router you must specify its bridge ID and internal LAN ID The source routing bridge uses these routing designators and the group L
71. canonical Ethernet format 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 12 1 2 Deleting an Address Mapping To delete an address mapping 1 Select Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Translation Bridge gt MAC Address Conversions from the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 4 4 The Address Mapping List window appears refer to Figure 4 6 Select the address you want to delete Then click on Delete Click on Apply to save your changes Click on Done to exit the window Site Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window 114060 Rev A 4 23 Configuring Bridging Services Editing Translation Bridge Station Type This section describes how to configure the translation bridge so that it always translates frames destined for certain Ethernet endstations into a particular Ethernet type regardless of how you configure the Ethernet Station Type parameter Adding a New Address to the Station List To add a new address to the station list 1 Select Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Translation Bridge gt Ethernet Type List from the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 4 4 The Ethernet Station Type List window appears Figure 4 8 Rrk Olen ata Apply Help Ethormat Station Tigne Figure 4 8 Ethernet Station Type List Window 2 Click on Add The Translation Bridge Address Mapping window appears Figure 4 9 4 24 114060 Rev A Using Translation Bridge Services Ethernet A
72. cceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeseaeeneeneeess 4 14 Figure 4 5 Edit Translation Bridge Global Parameters Window ceeeeeeees 4 16 Figure 4 6 Address Mapping List Window c cccsceeeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeecaeseaeeeneeetaes 4 22 Figure 4 7 Translation Bridge Address Mapping Window c ceeeeeeesteeeeereeees 4 22 Figure 4 8 Ethernet Station Type List Window ccccceeseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeneees 4 24 Figure 4 9 Translation Bridge Address Mapping Window ceeceeeeeeeeentteeeeeees 4 25 Figure S i NML Closed User Guns cca ciate nested 5 2 Figure 2 Echt NME nterface Window sesining aaa 5 5 Figure 5 3 Configuration Manager Window 0 gunia DE P ma Df Foure SA NME iterates WINDOW ccciccasssscsreasccedeannnasstetesaaneraiataanscatsadanacsedavasconeaiey 5 8 Rowe SS NML Filters WIND airasia anaana AAA 5 12 Figure 5 6 NML Add Security Range Window ccccsseeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeeeetaeeeeeneeees 5 12 xii 114060 Rev A Fow 7 Gircuit Liat WI ciori aAA 5 14 Figure 6 8 Gireuit Definito WOW ssasidiunsaisiinunnsis iunis aaia 5 15 Figure B 1 Fields ima Source Roue Frame sireiisssscisiaeiicsskciear iida B 1 Roue B2 Gomponems oi We RiP rendisni RNN B 2 114060 Rev A xiii Tables Table A 1 Transparent Bridge Global Parameters cccesceeeeeeeeeseeeeeeeeeeeseeeeees A 1 Table A 2 Transparent Bridge Interface Parameters 0 ccceceeeeceeeteeett
73. ce FTP Accessible via URL ftp support baynetworks com 134 177 3 26 this site combines and organizes support files and documentation from across the Bay Networks product suite including switching products from our Centillion and Xylogics business units Central management and sponsorship of this FTP site lets you quickly locate information on any of your Bay Networks products 114060 Rev A xxiii Configuring Bridging Services Support Source CD This CD ROM sent quarterly to all contracted customers is a complete Bay Networks Service troubleshooting knowledge database with an intelligent text search engine The Support Source CD contains extracts from our problem tracking database information from the Bay Networks Forum on CompuServe comprehensive technical documentation such as Customer Support Bulletins Release Notes software patches and fixes and complete information on all Bay Networks Service programs You can run a single version on Macintosh Windows 3 1 Windows 95 Windows NT DOS or UNIX computing platforms A Web links feature enables you to go directly from the CD to various Bay Networks Web pages CompuServe For assistance with noncritical network support issues Bay Networks Information Services maintain an active forum on CompuServe a global bulletin board system This forum provides file services technology conferences and a message section to get assistance from other users The messag
74. configuration file in local remote or dynamic mode e Reboot the router with the configuration file 114060 Rev A xvii Configuring Bridging Services Conventions angle brackets lt gt bold text brackets ellipsis points italic text quotation marks screen text separator gt vertical line I Indicate that you choose the text to enter based on the description inside the brackets Do not type the brackets when entering the command Example if command syntax is ping lt p_address gt you enter ping 192 32 10 12 Indicates text that you need to enter command names and buttons in menu paths Example Enter wism amp Example Use the dinfo command Example ATM DXI gt Interfaces gt PVCs identifies the PVCs button in the window that appears when you select the Interfaces option from the ATM DXI menu Indicate optional elements You can choose none one or all of the options Horizontal and vertical ellipsis points indicate omitted information Indicates variable values in command syntax descriptions new terms file and directory names and book titles Indicate the title of a chapter or section within a book Indicates data that appears on the screen Example Set Bay Networks Trap Monitor Filters Separates menu and option names in instructions and internal pin to pin wire connections Example Protocols gt AppleTalk identifies the AppleTalk op
75. cted highlighted Figure 5 8 5 14 114060 Rev A Using Native Mode LAN Services Conf ipurationr Mote Local SHHF Agent LOCAL FILE Protocole Fbot Figure 5 8 Circuit Definition Window 4 Select Protocol gt Edit NML gt Security List The NML Filters window appears refer to Figure 5 5 5 Set the Range Enable parameter to Enable or Disable depending on whether you want the ranges you set for the specified circuit enabled or disabled Use the parameter description in the next section as a guide 6 Click on Done to save your changes and exit the window Note You cannot enable or disable specific ranges in a circuit 114060 Rev A 5 15 Configuring Bridging Services NML Range Enable Parameter Description Use this parameter description as a guide when you enable or disable ranges for a selected circuit in the NML Filters window refer to Figure 5 5 Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Range Enable Enable Enable Disable Indicates whether you want the CUGID ranges you specified enabled or disabled Accept the default Enable or specify Disable None Deleting NML from the Router To delete NML from the router 1 Select Protocols gt NML gt Delete NML from the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 5 3 A message appears that prompts Do you RI Click on FALLY want to delete NML OK You are returned
76. ction and disclosure are as set forth in the Commercial Computer Software Restricted Rights clause at FAR 52 227 19 Trademarks of Bay Networks Inc ACE AFN AN BCN BLN BN BNX CN FN FRE GAME LN Optivity PPX SynOptics SynOptics Communications Wellfleet and the Wellfleet logo are registered trademarks and ANH ASN BayeSIS BCNX BLNX EZ Install EZ Internetwork EZ LAN PathMan PhonePlus Quick2Config RouterMan SPEX Bay Networks Bay Networks Press the Bay Networks logo and the SynOptics logo are trademarks of Bay Networks Inc Third Party Trademarks All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective owners Statement of Conditions In the interest of improving internal design operational function and or reliability Bay Networks Inc reserves the right to make changes to the products described in this document without notice Bay Networks Inc does not assume any liability that may occur due to the use or application of the product s or circuit layout s described herein Portions of the code in this software product are Copyright 1988 Regents of the University of California All rights reserved Redistribution and use in source and binary forms of such portions are permitted provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are duplicated in all such forms and that any documentation advertising materials and other materials related to such distribution and use ac
77. cuit to support the bridge and optionally the spanning tree algorithm you use Configuration Manager to edit the bridge and spanning tree parameters This section provides information on how to access and edit these parameters algorithm reconverges if you dynamically change any of the parameters Note If you enable the spanning tree algorithm for your network the gt described in the following sections You access all bridge parameters from the Configuration Manager window Figure 1 14 Refer to Using Site Manager Software guide for details on accessing this window 114060 Rev A Using Transparent Bridge Services Configuration Podat SHF Agerit File Viet trol uae Sl techpube nary e Pridgs bricige Miecdal E ore Liri Pioda Ei bt ACB Waeraiont Color Keat Connectora Figure 1 14 Configuration Manager Window For each bridge and spanning tree parameter this section provides information about default settings valid parameter options the parameter function instructions for setting the parameter and the Management Information Base MIB object ID Technician Interface lets you modify parameters by issuing set and commit commands that specify the MIB object ID This process is equivalent to modifying parameters using Site Manager For more information about using the Technician Interface to access the MIB refer to Using Technician Interface Software Caution The Technician Interface does not
78. d RIF cache The default value 100 is a value suitable for networks that include up to 100 NetBIOS station names to cache You can adjust the value of this parameter in direct proportion to the total number of client and server names expected to be active during intervals of peak traffic load or performance demand on the router Accept the default value or select a value suitable for your network 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 17 Name Cache Age secs 300 seconds 1 to 2147483648 seconds Specifies the interval in seconds after which inactive NetBIOS names addresses and RIFs expire from the NetBIOS Name Cache Choose an aging value that allows infrequently referenced or obsolete client and server names addresses and RIFs to expire and be deleted from the name cache The smaller the value the less efficient broadcast reduction is but the more quickly the network recovers from source routing topology changes Accept the default value or enter a new value 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 19 3 16 114060 Rev A Using NetBIOS Services Parameter Hash Entry Count Default 253 Range 253 to 2147483648 Function Specifies the number of entries you want to allow in the hash tables Instructions Increasing the number of hash table entries does not increase the number of names that a bridge can cache With larger networks increasing the size of the hash tables may however reduce internal cache lookup time thereby improving overal
79. dges in the network The group LAN ID must be unique among any other group LAN IDs ring IDs or internal LAN IDs in the network 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 6 2 36 114060 Rev A Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Using Source Routing Bridge Services IP Encapsulation Disable Enable Disable Enables IP encapsulation for those packets destined for an IP network Enable this parameter if the bridge borders an IP network cloud and you want to source route frames across this IP network If you enable this parameter you must also configure the Conn IP NTWK Ring number parameter for IP encapsulation to occur 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 7 Note Refer to Configuring IP Encapsulation Support earlier in this chapter for details on IP encapsulation Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Conn IP NTWK Ring number 0x0 0x1 to Oxffe Identifies the ring ID of the IP network to which this bridge connects Assign the same value to all Bay Networks source routing bridges that border the IP network cloud Make sure this value is unique among any other ring IDs group LAN IDs or internal LAN IDs in the network 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 8 Note You cannot modify the Conn IP NTWK Ring number parameter unless EJ you first enable IP encapsulation Refer to Configuring IP Encapsulation Support earlier in this chapter for details
80. different bridging techniques to communicate as though they use the same bridging technique 114060 Rev A 4 1 Configuring Bridging Services Databases To connect the TB and SR networks the translation bridge uses two databases The following sections describe each database Forwarding Database The translation bridge adds addresses to the forwarding table as it learns them from the network Therefore the forwarding table size should be configured large enough to hold the addresses it learns from both the TB network and the SR network Both the transparent bridge and the translation bridge use the same forwarding table to make decisions on where to send packets The following sections discuss how the translation bridge makes these decisions Route Information Field Database The route information field database includes routing information for all known stations on the network The translation bridge uses this database to provide source routing information for frames it forwards from the TB network to the SR network When the translation bridge learns an address on the SR network it adds the RIF information to the RIF database and adds the address and port information to the forwarding database When the TB network forwards a frame to the SR network the forwarding database determines the correct port to be used to reach the destination The RIF database determines the correct RIF to insert in the frame so it can successfully
81. drops all other traffic When the forward delay timer expires the spanning tree algorithm places the circuit in the learning state In the learning state the circuit receives both network generated BPDUs and endstation generated traffic that is subjected to the learning process but is not relayed When the forward delay timer expires the spanning tree algorithm places the circuit in the forwarding state We recommend that you accept the default 15 seconds however if you change the value you must follow the guidelines listed previously in this section Instructions Either accept the default value or enter a new value Make sure you enter the new value in hundredths of a second MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 45 114060 Rev A 2 55 Configuring Bridging Services Editing Source Route Spanning Tree Interface Parameters To edit the source route spanning tree interface parameters 1 Select Protocols gt Source Routing gt Spanning Tree gt Interfaces in the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 2 17 The Source Route Spanning Tree Interface List window appears Figure 2 25 Source Route Spanning Tres Interface Liat App iy I valur i Helpi Spanning Tree Enable Path Cort Figure 2 25 Source Route Spanning Tree Interface List Window 2 Edit the parameters using the descriptions in the next section as a guide 3 Click on OK to save your changes 4 Click on Done to exit the
82. e Aging Value global parameter 4 18 Broadcast Conversion global parameter 4 19 configuring 4 11 to 4 12 creating a 4 14 database aging mechanism 4 2 databases for 4 2 definition of 4 1 disabling 1 24 4 17 4 26 Enable global parameter 4 17 enabling 1 24 4 14 4 17 Ethernet MAC Address parameter 4 25 Ethernet Multicast Address parameter 4 23 Ethernet Type global parameter 4 19 Ethernet Type parameter 4 26 frame formats 4 6 frame lengths 4 6 global parameters editing 4 15 to 4 20 interfaces supported 4 7 LAN speeds 4 7 MAC address conversions 4 21 to 4 23 MAC address formats for 4 6 Max Translation Entries global parameter 4 18 operations with ARE frames 4 3 to 4 4 operations with SRFs 4 4 protocols supported with 4 7 SAPS global parameter 4 20 Source Route Explorer Type global parameter 4 20 station type 4 24 to 4 26 Token Ring Functional Address parameter 4 23 using a ring number 4 3 Virtual LAN ID global parameter 4 13 4 17 Index 6 114060 Rev A Index Translation Bridge Enable parameter 1 24 Translation services transparent bridge 1 2 1 3 to 1 8 Transparent bridge as designated bridge 1 11 as root bridge 1 10 Bridge Table Size parameter 1 21 disabling 1 20 1 24 1 32 Enable Forwarding DB parameter 1 22 Enable global parameter 1 20 Enable interface parameter 1 24 enabling 1 20 1 24 filters for 1 14 forwarding table See Forwarding
83. e Default If you added bridging using either the Quick Start procedure or the configuring circuits procedure this parameter defaults to Enable If you previously used this parameter to disable bridging on this circuit the parameter defaults to Disable Options Enable Disable Function Toggles bridging on and off for this circuit only Instructions This parameter does not allow you to add bridging to this circuit To add MIB Object ID the bridging protocol to this circuit you must use the Configuration Manager see Configuring Routers Set this parameter to either Enable or Disable 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 3 1 2 Parameter Translational Bridge Enable Default Disable Options Enable Disable Function Specifies whether this transparent bridge interface participates in a transparent to source routing translation bridged network Make sure you enable only one interface for translation bridging and that you disable this parameter for all other interfaces Otherwise translation bridging does not occur Instructions Set this parameter to Enable or Disable depending on your interface MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 3 1 9 Editing Spanning Tree Global Parameters To edit the spanning tree global parameters 1 Select Protocols gt Bridge gt Spanning Tree gt Global from the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 14 The Edit Spanning Tree Global Parameters window appears Figure 1 17 1 24 11406
84. e interface 1 31 translation bridge global 4 17 Encapsulation Format parameter 2 44 Endstation support in source routing 2 9 to 2 10 Endstations on a source routing network 2 2 to 2 4 Ethernet frames translated by translation bridge 4 6 translated by transparent bridge 1 3 to 1 8 Ethernet MAC Address parameter 4 25 Ethernet Multicast Address parameter 4 23 Ethernet Type parameter 4 19 4 26 Explorer frames used with translation bridge 4 3 to 4 4 Explorer frames See Source routing Index 2 114060 Rev A F FDDI frames translated by transparent bridge 1 3 to 1 8 Filters 1 14 Forward Delay parameter 1 29 2 55 Forwarding table bridge actions based on entries in 1 3 flushing 1 32 maximum number of entries allowed in 1 21 part of learning process 1 2 translation bridge 4 2 Frame formats with translation bridge 4 6 Frame lengths with translation bridge 4 6 Frames with IP Ring parameter 2 42 Functional addresses 4 21 G getting help from a Bay Networks Technical Response Center xxv from the Support Source CD xxiv through CompuServe xxiv through Customer Service FTP xxiii through InfoFACTS service xxv through World Wide Web xxiii Global parameters NetBIOS editing 3 13 to 3 19 source routing editing 2 33 to 2 38 spanning tree editing 1 24 to 1 29 translation bridge editing 4 15 to 4 20 transparent bridge editing 1 19 to 1 22 Group LAN ID 2 2 2 24 2 36 2
85. e number of NetBIOS stations and applications in your network is large you may want to leave the query cache MIB function disabled to enhance router performance Cache Lookup The source routing bridge uses a table lookup process for name searching which uses a fast string hash and search mechanism You can use the Hash Entry Count global parameter to adjust the number of entries in the hash table Refer to NetBIOS Global Parameter Descriptions later in this chapter for a description of this parameter When you increase the number of entries in the hash table you e Decrease the likely number of names the router must compare before it finds a specific cached name e Decrease the amount of time it takes the router to find a particular cached name s Increase memory usage Note that when you increase the number of entries in the hash table you do not increase the number of names that the router can cache You determine the number of names using the Max Number Query Cache Entries global parameter Refer to NetBIOS Global Parameter Descriptions later in this chapter for a description of this parameter When you decrease the number of entries in the hash table this generally produces an opposite effect on the cache lookup mechanism Cache Aging The router ages name cache and query cache entries to ensure that cached routes remain consistent with the current network topology If the cache table lookup mechanism does no
86. e of the interfaces the other interface can still accept IP traffic for the network When you enable redundant IP interfaces you also increase explorer traffic on the network Therefore enable redundant interfaces selectively to reduce the impact on your network performance Expand your IP backbone network You can expand your IP backbone to include any Bay Networks IP router on the network You specify the router s IP address in the IP explorer list for each bridge For example Bridge A currently forwards all traffic destined for Ring 7 to IP interface 1 1 3 3 That router then forwards the traffic toward Ring 6 so that the router can source route it to Ring 7 If you add IP address 1 1 4 4 to the IP Explorer list for Bridge A then Bridge A forwards all traffic destined for Ring 7 directly to IP interface 1 1 4 4 By expanding your IP backbone the source routing bridge can route through more stations but it still can only add a single hop to a packet s RIF Reduce excess broadcast traffic on your IP network You can reduce the number of broadcast and explorer packets that traverse the network by constructing directed explorer filters Refer to Configuring Traffic Filters and Protocol Prioritization for information on how to create filters that forward IP explorer frames to specific addresses Configure both IP encapsulation support and source route endstation support on the same interface IP encapsulation support works ind
87. e root bridge In selecting the root bridge the spanning tree chooses the bridge with the lowest bridge ID number Thus the lower the value you set for this parameter the more likely it is that the router will be selected as the root bridge Enter a decimal value from 0 to 65535 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 2 1 5 Bridge MAC Address Defaults to a unique MAC address that the router automatically creates based on the router s backplane ID Any valid 48 bit MAC level address Combined with the Bridge Priority parameter assigns a 64 bit bridge ID to the router Bridge Priority supplies the most significant 16 bits of the bridge ID while this parameter supplies the remaining least significant 48 bits The spanning tree uses the bridge ID to select the root bridge In selecting the root bridge the spanning tree chooses the bridge with the lowest bridge ID number Thus the lower the setting of Bridge Priority the more likely it is that the router will be selected as the root bridge In the event of equal Bridge Priority values the value of this parameter determines the bridge s priority Enter a 48 bit MAC address expressed as a 12 digit hexadecimal value We recommend that you set this parameter to the MAC address of one of the router s spanning tree ports preferably the one with the lowest priority 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 2 1 5 1 26 114060 Rev A Using Transparent Bridge Services tree parameters Max Age Hello Time a
88. e routed frame it performs these steps 1 Checks the frame s RIF for the ring and bridge ID that immediately follow the IP network ring and bridge ID in the RIF 2 Looks up the IP address that corresponds with this ring and bridge ID 3 Encapsulates the frame in an IP packet with the destination IP address 4 Sends the frame out onto the IP network For example Figure 2 4 shows the IP mapping table for IP Encapsulating Bridge A 114060 Rev A 2 5 Configuring Bridging Services IP Explorer List Bridge A IP Explorer List Bridge B IP Explorer List Bridge C 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 8 7 fO redundancy 1 1 5 5 1 1 2 2 1 1 5 5 1 1 3 3 IP Network Ring ID 2 Bridge B Bridge D Bridge C Bridge A IP Mapping Table Bridge A Ring ID Bridge ID IPAddress 3 C 1 1 5 5 4 B 1 1 2 2 5 B 1 1 3 3 6 B Outgoing IP Interface Address to the IP Network Address on Bridge B IP chooses the IP interface with the IP routing protocol Note that you can reach Ring 7 by normal SRB from Bridge B BRG0013A Figure 2 4 Source Routing over an IP Network 2 6 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services MAC When Bridge A receives a source routed frame destined for an endstation on Ring 4 it examines the frame s RIF and locates the next ring ID 4 that immediately follows the IP network ring ID 2 as shown in Figure 2 5 IP Network Ring ID Next Ring ID RIF of a Source Routed
89. e section is monitored by Bay Networks engineers who provide assistance wherever possible Customers and resellers holding Bay Networks service contracts also have access to special libraries for advanced levels of support documentation and software To take advantage of CompuServe s recently enhanced menu options the Bay Networks Forum has been re engineered to allow links to our Web sites and FTP sites We recommend the use of CompuServe Information Manager software to access these Bay Networks Information Services resources To open an account and receive a local dial up number in the United States call CompuServe at 1 800 524 3388 Outside the United States call 1 614 529 1349 or your nearest CompuServe office Ask for Representative No 591 When you are on line with your CompuServe account you can reach us with the command GO BAYNET XXiv 114060 Rev A InfoFACTS Technical Support and Online Services InfoFACTS is the Bay Networks free 24 hour fax on demand service This automated system has libraries of technical and product documents designed to help you manage and troubleshoot your Bay Networks products The system responds to a fax from the caller or to a third party within minutes of being accessed To use InfoFACTS in the United States or Canada call toll free 1 800 786 3228 Outside North America toll calls can be made to 1 408 764 1002 In Europe toll free numbers are also available for contacting both InfoFACTS a
90. e system deletes the entry you selected and removes it from the list of NetBIOS names in the NetBIOS Static List window 3 28 114060 Rev A Configuring Bridging Services 3 30 114060 Rev A Chapter 4 Using Translation Bridge Services This chapter contains e An overview of the transparent to source routing translation bridge referred to as the translation bridge in this chapter e Implementation information you should know before you use the translation bridge e Instructions for operating the translation bridge e Descriptions of translation bridge parameters and instructions for editing those parameters Translation Bridge Overview One type of network uses a technique called source routing SR to bridge frames across networks In SR networks the station that transmits a frame includes as part of the frame the route that frame should traverse The station learns the route through a route discovery process Refer to Chapter 2 for details on source routing bridge services Another type of network uses a technique called transparent bridging TB to link networks In a TB network the bridge builds a database of node addresses to determine when it should forward or drop frames the endstations on TB networks are not aware of forwarding routes Refer to Chapter 1 for details on transparent bridge services The translation bridge provides a method of bridging these two kinds of networks This allows endstations using
91. eceives The router then compares any add name or add group name query frame it receives subsequently to all of the add name and add group name query frames held in cache If the received query matches any cached query the router immediately discards or drops the received query The query cache therefore prevents duplicate add name query or add group name query frames from flooding the network repeatedly Query caching benefits all sizes of networks especially larger NetBIOS environments The query caching mechanism also prevents duplicate status query frames from flooding the network You can adjust the maximum number of entries allowed in the query cache using the source routing bridge s Max Number Query Cache Entries global parameter Any adjustments you make affect the number of queries that each slot can monitor You can also configure the router to create or disable a MIB instance for each NetBIOS query held in the query cache using the Create MIB Instances for Cached Name global parameter When you enable this function you can use SNMP GET commands to view entries in the query cache table in the MIB Refer to NetBIOS Global Parameter Descriptions later in this chapter for a description of this parameter 114060 Rev A 3 7 Configuring Bridging Services Query caching consumes approximately 100 bytes per entry Each cache entry remains in the query cache for a short time approximately 3 seconds However if th
92. econds Specifies the interval in seconds between BPDUs transmitted by the bridge BPDUs are periodic transmissions exchanged between bridges in the network to convey configuration and topology change data We recommend that you accept the default value however if you change it you must follow the guidelines listed previously in this section Either accept the default value or enter a new value Make sure you enter the new value in hundredths of a second 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 44 2 54 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services Parameter Forward Delay Default 15 seconds expressed in hundredths of a second 1500 Range 4 to 30 seconds Function Specifies the time in seconds that a circuit spends in the listening and learning states If you set this parameter to the minimum value the spanning tree converges at its fastest rate As the spanning tree algorithm operates it eventually places all circuits in either a forwarding enabled or blocking disabled state In response to network topology changes the spanning tree algorithm may change the state of specific circuits To prevent network looping caused by sudden state changes the spanning tree algorithm does not transition circuits directly from the blocking to the forwarding state Rather it places them in two intermediate states listening and learning In the listening standby state the circuit listens for network generated BPDUs It receives and
93. ee exists their impact on network traffic is minimized 4 10 114060 Rev A Using Translation Bridge Services The destination MAC address for these BPDUs is the bit swapped address used for transparent spanning tree BPDUs This address differs from the address used for SRB spanning tree BPDUs The transparent spanning tree then views the entire source route network as a single segment To decide which translation bridge token ring ports should forward or block trafffic to this network segment the router uses the normal transparent bridge spanning tree algorithm based on bridge priority bridge MAC address and port priority When designing complex translation bridge network topologies involving loops between the TB and SR networks consider how the extended transparent translating bridge spanning tree will converge so that you can determine which translation bridge should forward traffic to the SR network Procedure for Configuring the Translation Bridge on Your Network To configure the translation bridge to work with your network 1 Enable the bridge on all interfaces attached to TB networks Refer to Chapter 1 for details on enabling bridging 2 Enable source routing on all interfaces attached to SR networks Refer to Chapter 2 for details on enabling source routing 3 Enable the translation bridge for each interface attached to an SR network that you want to participate in the translation bridge Refer to Enabling Source R
94. eeeeeeteees A 1 Table A 3 Spanning Tree Global Parametrs csi cieeicccccieeecceniiewteaciennstiacerieenrdaciieens A 2 Table A 4 Spanning Tree Interface Parameters ccccceccccessseeeeeeessneeeeeesssneeeeeeees A 2 Table A 5 Source Routing Global Parameters cccccsesceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeesaes A 3 Table A 6 Source Routing Interface Parameters cccccccceesseeeeeeessteeeeeesseteeeeeeees A 4 Table A 7 Source Routing Bridge ID Parameter cccesceeeeeeeeeneeeeeeeeeeenaeeeeaes A 4 Table A 8 IP Explorer Address Parameter 20 E EE E E ES A 4 Table A 9 Source Route Spanning Tree Global Parameters 0 cceeeeeeeeeeeees A 5 Table A 10 Source Route Spanning Tree Interface Parameters ccceeceereereees A 5 Table ATi NetBIOS Global PAram terS scccccsccccicdcepecste ter csisaeneeinanteneesecviadees A 6 Table A 12 NetBIOS Interface Parameters ccccccecsseeeeeessneeeeeesneeeeeeneneeeeeeeeaaes A 6 Table A 13 NetBIOS Static Name Parameters re PE A 7 Table A 14 Translation Bridge Global Parameters cc cccccsseeceesestseeeeeessteeeeeeensaes A 7 Table A 15 Translation Bridge Address Mapping Parameters cccccseereereees A 7 Table A 16 Translation Bridge Ethernet Address Mapping Parameters 00 A 8 Table A 17 NML Interface Parameters iccciccssisssccsssscssicossssseccsoosssssetssossecaeesosessees A 8 Table A 18 NML Add Securi
95. eeeenaeeneaees 1 19 Edit Bridge Global Parameters Window ccccceeseeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeees 1 20 Bridge nteraces VWINGOW secs sncccceysercccdatiesecssaasaoorsatibanccdstieaneaaniecs 1 23 Edit Spanning Tree Global Parameters Window scceeeeesteeeeeeenees 1 25 Spanning Tree Interfaces WiINGOW 2 ccceeeeeeee cent eeeeeeeteeeeeeeaeeeteaees 1 30 Source Routing Newark sasscie cssnhnnicrrassninisinind ananeeaehaceanan ee 2 1 Source Routing Designator er rere E E E E E 2 3 POU DISCOVETY iranran EE 2 4 Source Routing over an IP Network siisisissriuussusasnannanniadannnnisii auanei aana 2 6 Examining the RIF Field of an SRP cncaccn eee mn nti cree 2 7 IP Routers Source Routing across a Token Ring Network seses 2 10 Tracking an Explorer Frame csecsen P E N punn 2 11 Situciure pi an Explorer Frame seirinin 2 13 Tracking a Specifically Routed Frame from ES2 to ES1 ee 2 14 Structure of a Specifically Routed Frame from ES2 to ES1 ee 2 16 xi Figure 2 11 Tracking an IP Encapsulated Frame from ES1 to ES2 0 eee 2 17 Figure 2 12 Structure of an IP Encapsulated Frame from ES1 to ES2 eee 2 19 Figure 213 Parallel Operan cccscsiscmikeainancuimaniinsinnlais 223 Figure 2 14 Edit Source Routing Global Parameters Window n se 2 27 Figure 2 15 SR Interface List Window c ceeseeee Ser eer rrr sik 2 29 Figure 2 16 Source Route Spanning Tree Autoconfiguration Window 2 31 F
96. efault You can specify exceptions to the default so that frames destined for certain endstations use the other frame format Frame Lengths SR and TB networks often use different maximum frame lengths For example Ethernet networks support a maximum transmission unit MTU size of 1500 bytes while Token Ring networks support much larger MTUs To resolve these differences the translation bridge software specifies a maximum size of 1470 in the largest frame size bits of the routing information field on all frames forwarded to the SR network The translation bridge cannot forward frames it receives from the SR network that are larger than 1500 bytes MAC Address Formats Ethernet networks transmit the least significant bit of each byte of a MAC address first while Token Ring networks transmit the most significant bit first The translation bridge therefore reverses the bits in the source and destination addresses in the header of each frame it transfers between Ethernet and Token Ring networks You can also define explicit mappings between Ethernet group addresses and Token Ring functional addresses Refer to Editing Translation Bridge MAC Address Conversions later in this chapter for details about MAC address conversions 4 6 114060 Rev A Using Translation Bridge Services LAN Speeds When the translation bridge transfers frames between networks that have different network speeds the software automatically accommodates
97. elete Bridge To delete the spanning tree only select Protocols gt Bridge gt Spanning Tree gt Delete Spanning Tree A confirmation window appears asking whether you really want to delete the bridge or spanning tree 2 Click on OK Site Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window The bridge and or spanning tree is no longer configured on the Bay Networks router 114060 Rev A 1 33 Chapter 2 Using Source Routing Bridge Services This chapter e Contains an overview of source routing technology e Describes how the Bay Networks source routing bridge works e Includes a list of additional source routing reference material e Lists implementation guidelines for adding source routing bridges to your network e Describes how to enable source routing services on an interface e Describes how to edit source routing parameters and delete source routing from the router Source Routing Overview Source routing networks consist of LAN segments connected by source routing bridges Figure 2 1 Inter nal Inter nal LAN ID 100 LAN ID 102 Ring ID 1 Group ID FFF Group ID FFF Bridge ID A Bridge ID A BRGOO11A Figure 2 1 Source Routing Network 114060 Rev A 2 1 Configuring Bridging Services Each LAN segment has a unique network wide identification number or ring ID Each source routing bridge also has an identification number or bridge ID and a unique network wide internal or virtual LAN ide
98. ependently of source route endstation support However you can enable both on the same circuit 2 8 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services Source Route Endstation Support The Bay Networks routers running IP IPX XNS AppleTalk and VINES protocols support support routing over Token Ring networks that contain one or more source routing bridges This feature is called source route endstation support In a source routing network every endstation that sends out a frame supplies the frame with the necessary route descriptors so that the router can source route it across the network Thus for routers to route packets across a source routing network they must act like endstations the routers must supply route descriptors for each packet before they send it out onto the network When you enable end node support and a Bay Networks router running IP IPX XNS AppleTalk or VINES receives a packet and determines that the packet s next hop is across a source routing network the router performs these steps 1 Adds the necessary RIF information to the packet s MAC header 2 Sends the packet out onto the network where it is source routed toward the next hop When the peer router receives the packet from the Token Ring network it strips off the RIF field and continues to route the packet toward the destination network address refer to Figure 2 6 You configure source route end node support for each individual routin
99. er 3 26 RIF from Router static list 3 27 Network Basic Input Output System NetBIOS See NetBIOS Network speeds with translation bridge 4 7 NML See Native Mode LAN O Outbound STEs parameter 2 41 P Parameters See Global parameters Path cost 1 10 1 11 1 32 2 57 Path Cost parameter 1 32 2 57 Port cost 1 10 1 11 identifier 1 10 priority 1 10 1 31 root 1 11 1 32 2 57 Priority parameter 1 31 Protocols translation bridge support 4 7 Q Query caching 3 7 Index 4 114060 Rev A R Range Enable NML parameter 5 16 Range End NML parameter 5 13 Range Start NML parameter 5 13 RIF from Router parameter 3 26 3 27 RIF See Routing information field Ring ID for backbone IP network 2 25 mapped to IP address 2 43 of a LAN segment 2 2 of IP network 2 37 of source routing circuit 2 41 on ARE frame 2 2 with IP encapsulation 2 5 Ring number used with translation bridge 4 3 4 13 4 17 Route information field database 4 2 Routing information field RIF 2 5 2 9 3 26 3 27 B 2 S SAID Type NML interface parameter 5 10 SAID Value NML interface parameter 5 10 SAPS parameter 4 20 Security List Action NML interface parameter 5 11 Server name caching 3 6 disabling 3 14 Session establishing a NetBIOS 3 3 to 3 4 Sessionless communication in NetBIOS 3 4 Source Route Explorer Type parameter 4 20 Source route spanning tree parameters editing
100. er frame sent from ES1 to ES2 Then we track the RIF of a specifically routed frame sent back from ES2 to ES1 The size of the RIF is variable It contains the routing information required to transmit the frame across the network Although the following examples show only the Bay Networks source routing bridge other IBM compatible source routing bridges can reside in the same network 114060 Rev A Configuring Bridging Services How the Source Routing Bridge Handles Explorer Frames This section provides instructions on how the Bay Networks source routing bridge handles explorer frames AREs or STEs sent from ES1 to ES2 refer to refer to Figure 2 7 Each bridge s internal LAN ID group LAN ID and bridge ID is in hexadecimal format below the bridge e Example A describes the actions of the first Bay Networks bridge e Examples B and C describe the actions of other Bay Networks bridges in the explorer frame s path Example A First bridge to receive the explorer frame The frame received by Bridge A from Ring 1 did not traverse any other bridges This bridge adds the following information in the RIF before it transmits the frame toward Ring 2 refer to Figure 2 8 e Incoming ring ID bridge ID e Internal LAN ID bridge ID e Outgoing ring ID bridge ID 0 Examples B and C Other bridges that receive the explorer frame The explorer frame received by Bridges B and C contains internal LAN IDs and bridge numbers indicating
101. es allowed in the forwarding table If you enter an invalid value the system rounds up or down from the invalid value to the nearest valid value If you increase the number of table entries the bridge is more efficient but uses more memory If you save a change to this parameter in dynamic mode the bridge disables and then re enables itself thereby deleting all previously learned addresses Specify the table size after accounting for the number of protocols running on your router and the size of the bridged network The translation bridge if configured also adds addresses to this forwarding table Therefore if you configure the translation bridge remember to account for the number of addresses it learns from the source route network Select the 131072 option only if the router is running IP Host Only and no other protocols are running on the router If you select 131072 the system automatically disables the next parameter Enable Forwarding DB 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 1 1 5 114060 Rev A 1 21 Configuring Bridging Services Parameter Enable Forwarding DB Default Enable Options Enable Disable Function If you enable this parameter the bridge maintains an additional table equal in size to the forwarding table plus dynamically allocated memory for each MAC address This additional table contains each MAC address in the forwarding table and the port from which the bridge learned the address The table allows you to
102. es of both bridges are now corrupted and neither bridge can properly forward a frame to Endstation J You can avoid this problem by implementing the spanning tree algorithm which produces a logical tree topology out of any arrangement of bridges The result is that a single path exists between any two endstations on an extended network The spanning tree algorithm also provides a high degree of fault tolerance It allows the network to automatically reconfigure the spanning tree topology if there is a bridge or data path failure The spanning tree algorithm requires five values to derive the spanning tree topology The first a multicast address specifying all bridges on the extended network is media dependent and is automatically determined by the software You assign the remaining four values which are e Network unique identifier for each bridge on the extended network e Unique identifier for each bridge LAN interface called a port e Priority specifying the relative priority of each port e Cost for each port After you assign these values bridges multicast and process the formatted frames called Bridge Protocol Data Units or BPDUs to derive a single loop free topology throughout the extended network The bridges exchange BPDU frames quickly minimizing the time that service is unavailable between hosts 1 10 114060 Rev A Using Transparent Bridge Services In constructing a loop free topology the bridges within the extended n
103. ess List to a Port To validate a frame that is attempting to exit through an NML port the port consults an access list If the CUGID on the frame matches a CUGID on the list the port takes the action you have specified forwarding the frame and discarding the CUGID forwarding the frame and retaining the CUGID or dropping the frame You create an inclusive list or an exclusive list for each NML port that supports the closed user group When the port finds a match on an inclusive list it forwards the frame When the NML port finds a match on an exclusive list it drops the frame To assign an access list to a port so that you can specify a start and end range of CUGIDs for the circuit on which the port is located 1 Select Protocols gt NML gt Interfaces from the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 5 3 The NML Interfaces window appears refer to Figure 5 4 2 Click on Security List The NML Filters window appears Figure 5 5 114060 Rev A Configuring Bridging Services Figure 5 5 NML Filters Window 3 Select the circuit to which you want to add an access list 4 Click on Add to add a security range The NML Add Security Range window appears Figure 5 6 Lance Figure 5 6 NML Add Security Range Window 5 Specify a CUGID or a range of CUGIDs using the parameter descriptions in the next section as a guide 6 Click on OK 5 12 114060 Rev A Using Native Mode LAN Services
104. etwork follow these steps 1 Elect a root bridge The bridge with the lowest priority value becomes the root bridge and serves as the root of the loop free topology If priority values are equal the bridge with the lowest bridge MAC address becomes the root bridge 2 Determine path costs The path cost is the cost of the path to the root bridge offered by each bridge port 3 Select a root port and elect a designated bridge on each LAN Each bridge designates the port that offers the lowest cost path to the root bridge as the root port In the event of equal path costs the bridge examines the paths interfaces to the root bridge The port interface of the path with the lowest interface priority to the root bridge becomes the root port For example Figure 1 9 shows how Bridge A determines its root port Given Path costs from IF 3 to root bridge and from IF 4 to root bridge are equal IF 1 priority 1 IF 2 priority 2 IF 3 priority 3 IF 4 priority 4 LAN B Then IF 3 becomes root port because IF 1 s priority is lower than IF 2 s priority BRG0028A Figure 1 9 Root Port Determination Equal Path Costs If the paths interfaces to the root bridge are also equal then the root port is the port on the bridge with the lowest priority value Figure 1 10 114060 Rev A 1 14 Configuring Bridging Services Figure 1 10 Given Path costs from IF 3 to root bridge and from IF 4 to root br
105. etworks Source Routing Bridge Works PE ana PER 2 10 Source Routing across a Token Ring Network c cccceceeeececeeeeeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeneeees 2 11 How the Source Routing Bridge Handles Explorer Frames c0cceeeeee 2 11 How the Source Routing Bridge Handles Specifically Routed Frames 2 14 source Routing across an IP NGIWOIK iceadrcad aed lalcndedincad 2 17 IP Encapsulation Guidelines paeis RAA re MEE E E 2 21 Source Routing over Frame Relay Networks cccccccssceeeseeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeseaeeeeeneees 2 21 OUNCE Rooting over FOD reirast niini iai araen polnateromenab aie 2 21 For More niormaton about Source ROUNO iriiria 2 22 impemneomanon NIES aurrian A 2 22 Assigning Bridge IDs Internal LAN IDs and Group LAN IDS sssi 2 22 Brndge ID shiste eea A A 2 22 E LAIN D onn Gatbesiend bo ndeareenuarat 2 24 CC LANIE cote ste cactet ass dase had ocean a tala dane aadee oes 2 24 vi 114060 Rev A Configuring IP Encapsulation Support i scsiisssecsdiarsosrsaderoorssddieoonsaaaiorseniareiesinnees 2 24 ERabling Source RONG SE VICSS deca csndcrcacssasaeaaeey inaani eh aaaea 2 25 Enabling Source Routing Services on an Interface cccccceeecceceeeeenteeeeeseeeeees 2 26 Enabling Source Routing Spanning Tree Service on an Interface s 2 30 Editing Source Routing Parameters 0 E TE PEE poprat 2 33 Editing Source Routing Global Parameters siiccscicssssscteraraesecenssccncemnsmeimen
106. f the name recognized ARE response frame arrive at the originating station The originating station accepts only the first name recognized frame it receives assuming that this frame contains the RIF for the shortest path to the destination station The calling station uses this RIF for any subsequent frames sent to the destination station All subsequent frames associated with the impending session are specifically routed frames SRFs Refer to Chapter 2 for details on SRF frames 114060 Rev A 3 3 Configuring Bridging Services 6 Based on the information gained from the name recognized frame accepted by the originating application the NetBIOS interface establishes a session directly between the originating and destination application Once the session between applications is open NetBIOS names are no longer necessary for the duration of that session 7 When no further session transactions remain the NetBIOS interface that serves the calling application closes the session Sessionless Communication When a NetBIOS station wants to send information that does not require a response from the destination application the local station transmits a NetBIOS datagram frame The datagram allows the NetBIOS station to communicate without establishing a session The source station or application can send a datagram as a broadcast frame or an SRF Broadcast Reduction To increase the bandwidth available on your source routing network t
107. figured on the router e If Station A sends a name query frame for Station B the router does not cache any names e When Station B responds with a name recognized frame the router caches Station B s name MAC address and RIF but it does not convert the name recognized frame to an SRF because Station A is not in the cache e If Station C now sends a datagram to Station B the router converts it to an SRF using the cache even though datagram caching is disabled Note that the enabling or disabling of caching refers to the learning of names not to the conversion of AREs to SRFs The router tries to convert AREs to SRFs on name query name recognized and datagram requests whenever any type of name caching is enabled Client Name Caching If you enable client name caching the source routing bridge caches learns and stores in the NetBIOS name cache tables the source name and associated RIF found in any name query STE frame it receives In addition the source routing bridge uses information cached from name query frames to convert name recognized datagram or other name query broadcast frames into SRFs If you disable client name caching the source routing bridge cannot cache client names and RIFs 114060 Rev A 3 5 Configuring Bridging Services For optimal efficiency you should use client name caching on the routers that are nearest to the servers In this configuration the router converts frames originated from the
108. g protocol on a per circuit basis 114060 Rev A 2 9 Configuring Bridging Services ES 1 ES 2 WF ES1 SNAP iP DATA Packet Sent from ES1 Source Route RIF WF2 WF1 0830 001A 002B 0030 SNAP IP Packet Sent from Router 1 ES2 WF2 SNAP ip DATA Packet Sent from Router 2 Figure 2 6 IP Routers Source Routing across a Token Ring Network BRGOOISA How the Bay Networks Source Routing Bridge Works This section shows examples of how the Bay Networks source routing bridge routes frames through a Token Ring network It also describes how the source routing bridge routes frames across an IP backbone network called JP encapsulation 2 10 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services Source Routing across a Token Ring Network The Bay Networks source routing bridge handles incoming packets differently depending on the source routing bridge s position in the Token Ring network To demonstrate the following sections describe the routing information field RIF of a frame as it moves back and forth between Endstation 1 ES1 and Endstation 2 ES2 Figure 2 7 Example A Example B Example C Bridge A 6 Bridge B fa Bridge C a Figure 2 7 Internal Internal Internal LAN ID 100 LAN ID 101 LAN ID 102 Internal Internal Internal Group ID FFF Group ID FFF Group ID FFF Bridge ID A Bridge ID A Bridge ID A BRG0016A Tracking an Explorer Frame First we track the RIF of an explor
109. g ring ID internal LAN ID bridge ID and outgoing ring ID Figure 2 2 For information on the spanning tree algorithm refer to Chapter 1 2 2 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services Incoming Ring ID Internal LAN ID Bridge ID Outgoing Ring ID 001A 100A 0020 Figure 2 2 Source Routing Designator BRG0012A After the bridge adds the routing designator the other bridges send the frame out all ports floods the frame As a result multiple copies of the same ARE frame can appear on a LAN and the frame recipient can receive multiple copies of the frame one copy for each possible path through the extended network Each ARE frame received by the destination endstation contains a unique sequenced list of routing designators tracing the frame s path through the source routing network Note In a looped topology the originating bridge may receive the ARE frame the originating bridge discards the frame Spanning Tree Broadcast Routing An endstation configured for spanning tree broadcast routing generates a single frame that follows a loop free path from source to destination This frame is a spanning tree explorer STE When an endstation generates an STE frame each bridge on the spanning tree forwards the frame onto all active nonblocked ports except the port that received the frame With spanning tree broadcast routing one copy of the STE appears on each LAN and the frame recipient rece
110. gure 1 6 Ethernet 802 3 to FDDI Translation The translation process from the FDDI LAN to Ethernet 802 3 LAN the process Bridge B performs in Figures 1 5 and 1 6 is a mirror image of the translation process occurring on Bridge A with one exception the bridge translates an AppleTalk ARP frame that originates on the FDDI LAN and is destined for an Ethernet 802 3 LAN as shown in Figure 1 7 114060 Rev A 1 7 Configuring Bridging Services AppleTalk ARP frame originating on FDDI LAN TYPE loa sa hapa esor PATA frcs Through Bridge B to 802 3 LAN NAP TL OUl TYPE ATA a eoon PATA Bridge B e Extracts addressing information from the FDDI MAC header Incorporates address information into newly generated 802 3 header Adds a length field e Encapsulates FDDI data according to RFC 1042 e Recalculates FCS BRG0005A Figure 1 7 AppleTalk ARP Originating on FDDI to 802 3 Translation Spanning Tree Algorithm The spanning tree algorithm ensures the existence of a loop free topology in networks that contain parallel bridges Refer to Source Routing Appendix to IEEE Standard 802 1d Media Access Control MAC Bridges for details on the spanning tree algorithm A loop occurs when there are alternate routes between hosts If there is a loop in an extended network bridges may forward traffic indefinitely which can result in increased traffic and degradation in network performance Figure 1 8 shows an example of a network containi
111. hanges and exit the window Site Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window 2 50 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services Source Route Spanning Tree Global Parameter Descriptions Use these parameter descriptions as a guide when you configure the parameters in the Edit Source Route Spanning Tree Global Parameters window refer to refer to Figure 2 24 Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Spanning Tree Enable Enable Enable Disable Enables or disables spanning tree on the entire router Set to Disable if you want to disable spanning tree for the entire router or to Enable if you want to re enable spanning tree for the entire router 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 30 Spanning Tree Protocol Version TEEE8021D TEEE8021D Unknown DECLB108 Specifies the version of the spanning tree protocol that the router is running Accept the default IEEE8021D or select one of the other options 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 32 114060 Rev A 2 51 Configuring Bridging Services Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Bridge Priority 128 0 to 65535 Combined with the Bridge MAC Address parameter assigns a 64 bit bridge ID to the router This parameter supplies
112. hatsoever either explicitly or implicitly except by acceptance of an order for either Software or for a Bay Networks product Equipment that is packaged with Software Each such license is subject to the following restrictions 1 Upon delivery of the Software Bay Networks grants to licensee a personal nontransferable nonexclusive license to use the Software with the Equipment with which or for which it was originally acquired including use at any of licensee s facilities to which the Equipment may be transferred for the useful life of the Equipment unless earlier terminated by default or cancellation Use of the Software shall be limited to such Equipment and to such facility Software which is licensed for use on hardware not offered by Bay Networks is not subject to restricted use on any Equipment however unless otherwise specified on the Documentation each licensed copy of such Software may only be installed on one hardware item at any time Licensee may use the Software with backup Equipment only if the Equipment with which or for which it was acquired is inoperative Licensee may make a single copy of the Software but not firmware for safekeeping archives or backup purposes Licensee may modify Software but not firmware or combine it with other software subject to the provision that those portions of the resulting software which incorporate Software are subject to the restrictions of this license Licensee shall not
113. he Technician Interface to access the MIB refer to Using Technician Interface Software Caution The Technician Interface does not verify that the value you enter for a parameter is valid Entering an invalid value can corrupt your configuration 3 12 114060 Rev A Using NetBIOS Services Editing NetBIOS Global Parameters To edit the global NetBIOS parameters 1 Select Protocols gt Source Routing gt Global from the Configuration Manager window igure 3 1 The Edit Source Routing Global Parameters window appears F Sf re eg el E F E Cancel Enable SF Bridge Internal LAH IT SR iride I0 SR bridge Grop LAH ID TP Encapsulation Conn IP HTE Ring mumier IP ATU Size bytes HetHI0S Server Home Cache fethl0S Client Home Cache Heth Datagmon RIF Coche Figure 3 2 Edit Source Routing Global Parameters Window 2 Edit the parameters using the descriptions in the next section as a guide Refer to Chap for details on editing the source routing parameters 3 Click on OK to save your changes and exit the window Site Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window 114060 Rev A 3 13 Configuring Bridging Services NetBIOS Global Parameter Descriptions Use these parameter descriptions as a guide when you configure the NetBIOS parameters on the Edit Source Routing Global Parameters window refer to Figure 3 2 Refer to Chapter 2 for details on editing the source routing global parameters
114. he Bay Networks source routing bridge can convert broadcast frames add name query add group name query name recognized query response and certain datagram frames to specifically routed frames SRFs This process is called broadcast reduction You can customize the broadcast reduction capabilities of the source routing bridge using these caching mechanisms e Name caching Client name caching Server name caching Datagram RIF caching e Query caching e Cache lookup e Cache aging The following sections describe the functions of the caching mechanisms 3 4 114060 Rev A Using NetBIOS Services Name Caching The source route bridge NetBIOS name cache contains NetBIOS names MAC addresses and the RIF needed to reach the station containing that name The NetBIOS name cache learns the station names from name query if client cache is enabled name recognized if server cache is enabled and datagram frames if datagram cache is enabled The name learned is always the source name of any given message If you enable any type of name caching the router tries to convert any of the name query name recognized or datagram frames from an explorer to an SRF based on the destination name Note that the router converts these frames regardless of the conditions under which it learned the frame s name For example assume that there are three NetBIOS stations A B and C in the network and only server name caching is con
115. he SAP service access point value This parameter allows you to designate the SAPs that identify the protocols you want the translation bridge to accept and translate By default the translation bridge accepts NetBIOS SNA and LNM LAN Network Manager SAPs Specify SAPs that the translation bridge will accept 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 11 10 4 20 114060 Rev A Using Translation Bridge Services Editing Translation Bridge MAC Address Conversions Token Ring networks use functional addresses for frames addressed to more than one station Ethernet networks use multicast addresses for these frames The Translation Bridge Address Mapping window allows you to map Token Ring functional addresses to Ethernet multicast addresses When the translation bridge receives a multicast frame from an Ethernet network destined for a Token Ring network it translates the frame s multicast address to the mapped Token Ring functional address The translation bridge converts the addresses of functional frames going from Token Ring to Ethernet to the mapped multicast address Note You do not need to map functional addresses that are bit reversed versions of the multicast addresses The translation bridge handles these conversions automatically Adding an Address Mapping To add an address mapping 1 Select Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Translation Bridge gt MAC Address Conversions from the Configuration Manager window refer to
116. he interval in seconds after which inactive or obsolete NetBIOS name queries are deleted from the query cache The value 100 enables the router to hold in query cache the names addresses and RIF paths captured from up to 100 unique NetBIOS name query packets Choose a query cache aging time that ensures that name queries that are either dormant or contain obsolete RIFs do not unnecessarily occupy the NetBIOS query cache Since a NetBIOS station typically transmits a query frame for 3 seconds the default value should be sufficient Accept the default value or enter a new value 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 28 114060 Rev A 3 19 Configuring Bridging Services Editing NetBIOS Interface Parameters To edit NetBIOS interface parameters 1 Select Protocols gt Source Routing gt Interfaces from the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 3 1 The SR Interface List window appears Figure 3 3 Hoes muster oF Rika Source Routing Bing Husber Duti FTEs Inbound STEs Frames With IF Ring Figure 3 3 SR Interface List Window 2 Select the interface you want to modify 3 Edit the parameters using the descriptions in the next section as a guide Refer to Chapter 2 if you want to edit the source routing interface parameters 4 Click on Apply to save your changes 5 Click on Done to exit the window Site Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window 3 20 114060 Rev A Using NetBIO
117. he parameters on the Spanning Tree Interfaces window refer to Figure 1 18 Parameter Default Options Function Instructions Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Enable If you added spanning tree using either the Quick Start procedure or the configuring circuits procedure this parameter defaults to Enable If you previously used this parameter to disable spanning tree on this circuit the parameter defaults to Disable Enable Disable Toggles spanning tree on and off for this circuit only This parameter does not allow you to add spanning tree to this circuit To add the spanning tree to this circuit you must use the Configuration Manager Refer to Configuring Routers for details Set this parameter to Enable or Disable 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 2 2 1 2 Priority 128 0 to 255 Assigns a priority to a bridge port This interface priority value and the bridge ID bridge priority bridge MAC address determine whether this port becomes the designated port when the spanning tree algorithm converges The lower the priority value the higher the priority and the more likely it is that this port will be the designated port Either accept the default value or enter a new value 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 2 2 1 4 114060 Rev A 1 31 Configuring Bridging Services Parameter Path Cost Default 1 Range 1 to 65535 Function When this port
118. he performance requirements of that network and the applications that run on it NetBIOS Caches If you use data link switching DLSw and source route bridge NetBIOS on the same network the source route bridge NetBIOS does not convert frames from broadcast to SRF frames However if multiple source route interfaces exist you may use source route bridge NetBIOS caching to convert from broadcast to SRF frame The source route bridge and DLSw interfaces each have NetBIOS caches but they operate independently for each protocol The source route bridge NetBIOS caches hold the RIFs associated with clients or servers on LAN segments attached to the local router The DLSw NetBIOS cache holds the IP addresses associated with DLSw peers configured on remote routers Refer to Configuring DLSw Services for details on DLSw services 3 10 114060 Rev A Using NetBIOS Services Enabling NetBIOS Services This section describes how to enable NetBIOS services under source routing It assumes you have followed the directions in Chapter 2 to enable source routing services To enable NetBIOS under source routing open the Edit Source Routing Global Parameters window Figure 3 2 and change the default values of the NetBIOS global parameters as described in the following sections Note that by default NetBIOS is enabled on all interfaces To disable NetBIOS on one or more interfaces edit the NetBIOS Interface parameters in the SR Interface List Fig
119. he the NetBIOS source name MAC address and RIF path associated with each NetBIOS add name query and add group name query handled by the node Select Enable to allow source routing bridge interfaces to store names addresses and RIF paths associated with each NetBIOS query 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 24 Create MIB Instances for Cached Query Enable Enable Disable Enables or disables the ability of the system to Create a MIB instance for each NetBIOS query stored in the query cache Delete a MIB instance for each NetBIOS query that ages out of the query cache Select Disable if you want to release system memory and processing resources otherwise dedicated to maintaining this MIB function 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 25 3 18 114060 Rev A Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Using NetBIOS Services Max Number Query Cache Entries 100 1 to 100 Specifies the maximum number of entries allowed in the NetBIOS query cache You can adjust the value of this parameter in direct proportion to the total number of NetBIOS stations that start up during intervals of peak traffic load or performance demand on the router Accept the default value or enter a vlue suitable for your network 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 26 NetBIOS Query Cache Age secs 15 seconds 1 to 2147483648 seconds Specifies t
120. how IP encapsulation works by tracing a specifically routed frame as it is sent out from Endstation 1 traverses several bridges and an IP network and finally arrives at Endstation 2 Figure 2 11 IP Network Ring ID 2 Example A Example B Example C 1 1 2 2 0 Eis Bridge A Bridge B 3 Bridge C Internal Internal Internal LAN ID 100 LAN ID 101 LAN ID 102 Internal Internal Internal Group ID FFF Group ID FFF Group ID FFF Bridge ID A Bridge ID A Bridge ID A BRG0020A Figure 2 11 Tracking an IP Encapsulated Frame from ES1 to ES2 Note At this point assume that explorer packets have traversed the network and identified the paths to all reachable interfaces 114060 Rev A 2 17 Configuring Bridging Services To demonstrate IP encapsulation this section traces a specifically routed frame as it is sent out from Endstation 1 and arrives at Endstation 2 Example A describes the actions of the first Bay Networks bridge to handle the SRF This bridge encapsulates the frame with an IP header before it sends the frame out onto the IP network Example B describes the actions of a Bay Networks bridge that is in between the first and last Bay Networks bridges to handle the SRE This bridge removes the IP header from the frame before it source routes the frame to the next bridge Example C describes the actions of the last bridge of several Bay Networks bridges to handle the SRF Example A First of severa
121. ications use NetBIOS names to start and end sessions You can configure a single station with multiple applications each of which has a unique NetBIOS name Each PC that supports an application also has a NetBIOS station name that you assign or that NetBIOS derives by means internal to that station NetBIOS names can consist of up to 16 alphanumeric characters The combination of characters must be unique within the entire source routing network 114060 Rev A 3 1 Configuring Bridging Services You can configure the Bay Networks source routing bridge so that it treats NetBIOS names as though they have 15 characters This feature is useful particularly in application environments that use the first 15 characters of the NetBIOS name to identify the station and the last character to identify the application running on the station If the application uses source routing bridge name caching it is more efficient to use only the first 15 characters The resulting cache is smaller and the cache hits more common If you do not know whether the applications use 15 or 16 character names select 16 character names Refer to NetBIOS Global Parameter Descriptions later in this chapter for a description of the 15 Character NetBIOS Name Caching parameter Registering Station Names All NetBIOS stations advertise their names when they become active A station is considered to be registered when it can successfully advertise its own na
122. idge are equal AND IF 1 priority 1 _ Same IF 2 priority 1 priority IF 3 priority 3 IF 4 priority 2 LAN B Then IF 4 becomes root port because it has a better priority than IF3 BRG0007A Root Port Determination Equal Path Costs and Root Interface Priorities The spanning tree algorithm selects a bridge on each LAN as the designated bridge The root port of this bridge has the lowest cost path to the root bridge All bridges turn off set to blocking state all of the lines except for the single line that is the shortest cost path to the root and any line attached to the LANs for which the bridge serves as a designated bridge Elect a designated port The spanning tree algorithm selects the port that connects the designated bridge to the LAN as the designated port If there is more than one such port the spanning tree algorithm selects the port with the lowest priority as the designated port This port which carries all extended network traffic to and from the LAN is in the forwarding state Thus the spanning tree algorithm removes all redundant ports ports providing parallel connections from service places in the blocking state If there is a topological change or a bridge or data path failure the algorithm derives a new spanning tree that may move some ports from the blocking to the forwarding state For example in Figure 1 8 if all path costs are equal and Bridge 2 has the lowes
123. igure 2 17 Configuration Manager Window cccccceseeeceeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeseaaeeneneeees 2 33 Figure 2 18 Edit Source Routing Global Parameters Window c scceeeeesteeeeeeees 2 34 Figure 2 19 SR Interace List Windia aiis 2 39 Figure 2 20 Source Routing Bridge IDs Window s sssssssseosseessrnessnsssersreesnensesssssess 2 45 Figure 2 21 Add Bridge ID WindOW sisicicasscocssiiscaciesnitaseterncancteonmtscesinnnencimnerecnnhedes 2 46 Figure 2 22 Source Routing Bridge IP Explorer Addresses Window 0 ee 2 48 Figure 2 23 Add Source Routing Explorer IP Address Window s s 2 48 Figure 2 24 Edit Source Route Spanning Tree Global Parameters Window 2 50 Figure 2 25 Source Route Spanning Tree Interface List Window ceeeeeeees 2 56 Figure 3 1 Configuration Manager Window 4 ore eet errr errr 3 12 Figure 3 2 Edit Source Routing Global Parameters Window ceeeeeeeeeeeees 3 13 Figure SS SR imerace List WIGON sisahau bidikan ANa 3 20 Figure 3 4 NetBIOS Static List Window sisinio a 3 23 Foue BS NaBIOS WINGO seirinin NNA ANRA 3 24 Figure 4 1 Network Configuration with Potential Loop ere PREE wn 48 Figure 4 2 Spanning Tree with Translation Bridging ccccccesseeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 4 10 Figure 4 3 Edit Translation Bridge Global Parameters Window 2 cceeeeeeees 4 13 Figure 4 4 Configuration Manager Window ccccc
124. ing Source Routing Bridge Services New Source Routing Bridge ID None 1to 15 Specifies the other active bridge IDs that exist on the network This parameter is only necessary if you have parallel source routing bridges configured on your network Enter the bridge ID assigned to the parallel bridge on your network Refer to Assigning Bridge IDs Internal LAN IDs and Group LAN IDs for details on parallel source routing bridges 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 3 1 1 Deleting a Bridge Entry from the Bridge Entry List To delete a bridge ID 1 Select Protocols gt Source Routing gt Bridge Entry in the Configuration Manager window refer to refer to Figure 2 17 The Source Routing Bridge IDs window appears which lists the other bridge IDs currently configured on the network refer to Figure 2 20 Select a bridge ID from the list Click on Delete The bridge ID you deleted no longer appears in the Bridge Entry list Click on Done to exit the window Site Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window Adding or Deleting an IP Address on the IP Explorer Address List You specify an IP address on the IP Explorer Address list if you want to source route across an IP network The following sections describe how to add and delete an IP address in the IP Explorer Address list 114060 Rev A 2 47 Configuring Bridging Services Adding an IP Explorer Address to the IP Explorer Address List To add an I
125. ions ccsseeeeeeees EE E TET ET XX Technical Support and Online Services Bay Networks Customer SORVICG arnesisieniterisnianiii en eai ee AEN bate xxii Bay Networks Information ServiCes sisemaa nnani aoinean anaiai aena nuia aanak xxiii World Wide Web ee EP E asad T T E T erneit xxiii Geton Sonce FIP keniana a EARE xxiii Meerents UN a E ate isi Ce T A T T E T E E OE A T xxiv COMPUSE rarei e xxiv MOFAG TS aera N cer vee errr ereetT erry reer eT rorer terror rT trey XXV How to Get Help ceee scion za dunce EE Deca uaendech ae EEEE E raa XXV Chapter 1 Using Transparent Bridge Services Tore parenit Bridge OVENI iniaiaiai iaa daia aani daea eia 1 1 HOw the EN WKS sass cncsiac testes hate nena E 1 2 This WanSsOr Prose iarsi En ENE E A 1 3 Spanning Tree Algorithm E E dead E E E A ET aA 1 8 FIGYUING FRANCE seinninn ANa 1 14 EAT ARON Bidag PS rnesa AE TRAE Aa EA 1 15 Enabling Bridge Service On an ImeraCe ssssrisaiirierisnnreriine rani a 1 15 Enabling Spanning Tree on an Merate sininosiudunini tiai i 1 15 Editing Bridge Parameters soussou nin e a a ee a aiaia 1 18 Baiting Bridge Global Parame Iais searc ERS 1 19 114060 Rev A v Bridge Global Parameter DeSCTiptions 0 cceccceceseeceeeeeceeeeeeeeaeeseeeeeeeaaeeeeneees 1 20 Editing Bridge Interface Parameters cccccccscceescsseeeeecassaaneeseees ai niania 1 22 Bridge Interface Parameter DeSCTriptiONnS e ccccceceeeseee
126. is the root port the path cost is the contribution of the path through this port to the total cost of the path to the root for this bridge When this port is not the root port the path cost is added to the designated cost for the root port and is used as the value of the root path cost offered in all configuration BPDUs transmitted by the bridge To determine the path cost use this formula Interface Path Cost 1000 Attached LAN speed in Mb s Instructions Enter a path cost value For example enter 100 if the attached LAN is Ethernet 1000 10 100 MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 2 2 1 7 Flushing the Forwarding Table You can clear flush all MAC addresses from the bridge s forwarding table without bringing the bridge down and back up This function is only available when you configure the bridge in dynamic mode To flush the tables select Protocols gt Bridge gt Flush FWD Tables from the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 14 The system unlearns all MAC addresses it previously stored in its forwarding table and then displays a confirmation message 1 32 114060 Rev A Using Transparent Bridge Services Deleting the Bridge and Spanning Tree from the Router To delete the bridge or spanning tree from all Bay Networks router circuits on which you enabled them begin at the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 1 14 1 To delete the bridge and spanning tree select Protocols gt Bridge gt D
127. ives a single copy only 114060 Rev A 2 3 Configuring Bridging Services Specific Routing When an endstation receives an ARE or STE frame it generates a single frame called a specifically routed frame SRF The SRF traverses a specific path back to the source endstation it contains a list of routing designators that maps a path through the extended network from source to destination When an endstation receives an SRF each bridge between the source and destination examines the list of routing designators The bridge forwards the SRF only if the bridge itself is on the specified path Otherwise it ignores the frame When the SRF reaches the original source endstation that station removes the routing information and stores it in its internal routing table Once the endstations discover a route and store the information in their routing tables the endstations send specifically routed frames across the source routed network Figure 2 3 All Paths Explorer or Spanning Tree Explorer ES 1 gt ES 2 ES a Specifically Routed Frame ES Specifically Routed Frame ES 1 gt ES 2 BRG0023A Figure 2 3 Route Discovery Source Routing over IP Networks The Bay Networks source routing bridge supports Internet Protocol IP encapsulation IP encapsulation allows the source routing bridge to route frames to endstations located across an IP backbone network These frames use standard IP transmission services and a pro
128. knowledge that such portions of the software were developed by the University of California Berkeley The name of the University may not be used to endorse or promote products derived from such portions of the software without specific prior written permission SUCH PORTIONS OF THE SOFTWARE ARE PROVIDED AS IS AND WITHOUT ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE In addition the program and information contained herein are licensed only pursuant to a license agreement that contains restrictions on use and disclosure that may incorporate by reference certain limitations and notices imposed by third parties ji 114060 Rev A Bay Networks Software License Note This is Bay Networks basic license document In the absence of a software license agreement specifying varying terms this license or the license included with the particular product shall govern licensee s use of Bay Networks software This Software License shall govern the licensing of all software provided to licensee by Bay Networks Software Bay Networks will provide licensee with Software in machine readable form and related documentation Documentation The Software provided under this license is proprietary to Bay Networks and to third parties from whom Bay Networks has acquired license rights Bay Networks will not grant any Software license w
129. l bridges to receive the SRF Bay Networks Bridge A is the first to receive the frame from Ring 1 Bridge A performs the following steps in the RIF before it transmits the frame onto the IP network refer to Figure 2 12 1 2 Removes its own internal LAN ID Inserts the group LAN ID before the last incoming ring and bridge ID listed in the RIF refer to Figure 2 12 Eventually the internal LAN ID of the last Bay Networks bridge along the frame s path replaces the group LAN ID Adds an IP header containing the destination address 1 1 2 2 onto the frame and sends it toward the IP network 2 18 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services Destination MAC address Incoming Ring ID Bridge LAN ID Bridge ID Outgoing Ring ID Bridge ID of 0 ES2 ES1 0C30 001A 100A 002A 003A 0040 DSAP SSAP DATA Frame received by Bridge A Source IP address Destination IP address Group LAN ID 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 ES2 ES1 0C30 001A 002A 003A FFFA 0040 DSAP SSAP DATA Frame sent out by Bridge A onto the IP network Ring 002 Bay Networks group address Next Bridge ID Copy of destination MAC address U COOOA2FFFFFA ES1 0C30 001A 002A 003A FFFA 0040 DSAP SSAP DATA ES2 Frame sent out by Bridge B onto Ring 3 Saved destination of MAC address LAN ID BridgelD ES2 ES1 0C30 001A 002A 003A 102A 0040 DSAP SSAP DATA Frame sent out by Bridge C onto Ring 4 BRGO021A Figure 2 12 S
130. l performance Within each hash table entry names are searched linearly To increase performance reduce the number of names in each hash table entry The larger the number of hash table entries the more likely that fewer names will hash into each entry Selecting a larger hash entry count consumes only slightly more memory only 4 bytes per hash table entry Therefore you can increase performance by selecting a hash entry count that is a prime number close to 1 3 or 1 4 the total number of unique NetBIOS names active in the network Using a prime number for example 253 is important to improve the chances of NetBIOS names hashing more evenly into the hash entries For networks that actively use up to 2500 NetBIOS client and server names use the value 253 To determine a Hash Entry Count for larger networks Divide the total number of unique NetBIOS client and server names active in the network by 10 Adjust the quotient to the nearest higher or lower prime number A prime number can only be divided by itself or 1 and still yield a whole number quotient MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 20 114060 Rev A 3 17 Configuring Bridging Services Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID NetBIOS Query Cache Disable Enable Disable Globally enables or disables the ability of bridges to cac
131. lays the Spanning Tree Autoconfiguration window the first time you specify Spanning Tree for the Bridge If you have previously specified Spanning Tree for source routing this window will not appear To change the parameter settings at a later time refer to the Editing Bridge Parameters section 3 Configure the parameters using the descriptions that follow as a guide 4 When you have configured the required parameters click on OK A pop up window prompts Do you want to edit the Spanning Tr Interface Details 5 Click on Cancel to enable default Spanning Tree service and display the next protocol specific pop up window or click on OK to edit the default spanning tree values Refer to Editing Bridge Parameters for instructions 114060 Rev A Using Transparent Bridge Services Eb fridge Priority 16 Bridge AA Address DOHORA Haw Age Hello Time Forwaesd he ary Figure 1 13 Spanning Tree Autoconfiguration Window Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Bridge Priority 128 0 to 65535 Combined with the Bridge MAC Address parameter assigns a 64 bit bridge ID to the router This parameter supplies the most significant 16 bits of the bridge ID while Bridge MAC Address supplies the remaining least significant 48 bits The spanning tree uses the bridge ID to select the root bridge In selecting the root bridge the spanning tree chooses the bridge
132. le any of the source routing services you are required to configure only a few parameters The Configuration Manager supplies default values for the remaining parameters If you want to edit these default values refer to Enabling Source Routing Services on an Interface 114060 Rev A 2 25 Configuring Bridging Services For each source routing parameter this section provides information about default settings valid parameter options the parameter function instructions for setting the parameter and the Management Information Base MIB object ID The Technician Interface lets you modify parameters by issuing set and commit commands that specify the MIB object ID This process is equivalent to modifying parameters using Site Manager For more information about using the Technician Interface to access the MIB refer to Using Technician Interface Software Caution The Technician Interface does not verify that the value you enter for a parameter is valid Entering an invalid value can corrupt your configuration Enabling Source Routing Services on an Interface To enable source routing without spanning tree use the following procedure 1 Select Source Routing from the Select Protocols menu and click on OK The Select Protocols menu appears after you either select a link or net module connector or finish configuring a WAN circuit The Edit Source Routing Global Parameters window appears Figure 2 14 2 Specify
133. lient name caching when you have a spanning tree or other topology Spanning Tree Topology If you configure the source route network as a spanning tree you should disable client name caching because clients typically send name query frames as spanning tree explorers STEs Unless you disable client name caching the client learns only about the spanning tree path to the server This creates excess traffic on the spanning tree links and reduces the overall performance of the network 114060 Rev A 3 9 Configuring Bridging Services By disabling client name caching when the source route network is configured as a spanning tree name recognized broadcast frames can propagate back along all paths from the server to the querying client The first frame that arrives at the client presents the best route to the destination applications You can use server name caching regardless of whether a source route spanning tree exists because the router learns server names from name recognized frames which are typically sent as AREs Whether or not to use datagram caching in a source route spanning tree network depends on whether the particular applications are using AREs or STEs in their datagrams In general if the application sends datagrams as STEs you should disable datagram caching Other Topologies If your network design goals do not allow for a spanning tree topology you can enable or disable client name caching as needed to suit t
134. ly increasing the traffic load you create an NML trunk port Port 4 and provide it with an access list that contains the CUGIDs of the remaining Moon ports The NML port checks the CUGID of all frames that attempt to exit from the bridge onto the trunk and drops all frames containing a Moon CUGID Caution We strongly recommend that you avoid using this feature in conjunction with the spanning tree algorithm 5 4 114060 Rev A Using Native Mode LAN Services Enabling NML Services Complete the following steps to enable NML on an interface 1 Select Native Mode LAN from the Select Protocols window The Select Protocol window appears after you either select a link or net module connector or finish configuring a WAN circuit Note that when you select Native Mode LAN from the menu Configuration Manager automatically selects the Bridge protocol 2 Click on OK The Configuration Manager displays a window with the message Do you want to edit the NML interface details 3 Click on OK The Configuration Manager displays the Edit NML Interface window Figure 5 2 Disable Add Security Header SAID Type THV ii SAID Value CUG Value Security List Action FORA Figure 5 2 Edit NML Interface Window 4 For instructions on editing NML parameters and assigning an access list to a port refer to Editing NML Interface Parameters and Assigning an Access List to a Port later in this chapter 11406
135. make the resulting software available for use by any third party Neither title nor ownership to Software passes to licensee Licensee shall not provide or otherwise make available any Software in whole or in part in any form to any third party Third parties do not include consultants subcontractors or agents of licensee who have licensee s permission to use the Software at licensee s facility and who have agreed in writing to use the Software only in accordance with the restrictions of this license Third party owners from whom Bay Networks has acquired license rights to software that is incorporated into Bay Networks products shall have the right to enforce the provisions of this license against licensee Licensee shall not remove or obscure any copyright patent trademark trade secret or similar intellectual property or restricted rights notice within or affixed to any Software and shall reproduce and affix such notice on any backup copy of Software or copies of software resulting from modification or combination performed by licensee as permitted by this license 114060 Rev A jii Bay Networks Software License continued 10 11 12 Licensee shall not reverse assemble reverse compile or in any way reverse engineer the Software Note For licensees in the European Community the Software Directive dated 14 May 1991 as may be amended from time to time shall apply for interoperability purposes Licensee must
136. me without any other station claiming it has the same name The following steps describe how an application registers a station name 1 To register itself on the network a NetBIOS station sends add name query or add group name query frames for each name it wants to use These frames contain each station s assigned name The NetBIOS station repeats these commands typically six to ten times to increase the chance that all other stations hear them 2 If another station already has the same name that NetBIOS station issues an add name response command to indicate that the name is already in use The station issuing the query must stop trying to use that name 3 When a partitioned source route bridge network reconnects two stations may have the same name When a NetBIOS station detects this for example if it receives two or more name recognized responses to a name query request it issues a name in conflict broadcast frame 4 Upon receiving a name in conflict frame the NetBIOS application using that name must stop trying to use that name The application shuts down to eliminate the conflict 3 2 114060 Rev A Using NetBIOS Services Establishing Sessions Once a NetBIOS application determines that its name is unique on the network the application establishes a session with another NetBIOS application The following steps describe how the application establishes the session 1 The originating station sends out a NetBIOS n
137. n Manager window refer to Figure 4 4 The Ethernet Station Type List window appears refer to Figure 4 8 2 Select the address you want to delete Then click on Delete 3 Click on Apply to save your changes 4 Click on Done to exit the window Site Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window Deleting the Translation Bridge from the Router To delete the translation bridge from the router select Protocols gt Global Protocols gt Translation Bridge gt Delete TB from the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 4 4 The translation bridge is no longer enabled on the router 4 26 114060 Rev A Chapter 5 Using Native Mode LAN Services This chapter provides an overview of Native Mode LAN NML services and implementation notes about using NML services It also describes how to use Site Manager to e Create an NML port e Edit NML interface parameters e Assign an access list to a port Native Mode LAN Overview Native Mode LAN services allow you to define closed user groups within a shared bridging environment Each NML closed user group consists of multiple LANs and is identified by a closed user group ID CUGID You assign the CUGID to each port that supports a LAN belonging to the closed user group and provide each port with an access list that contains the CUGID A CUGID is a value in the range of 0 231 You select a single CUGID for the group and assign the value to each NML configu
138. nd CompuServe Please check our Web page for the listing in your country How to Get Help Use the following numbers to reach your Bay Networks Technical Response Center Technical Response Center Telephone Number Fax Number Billerica MA 1 800 2LANWAN 508 670 8765 Santa Clara CA 1 800 2LANWAN 408 764 1188 Valbonne France 33 92 968 968 Sydney Australia 612 9927 8800 612 9927 8811 Tokyo Japan 81 3 5402 0180 33 92 966 998 81 3 5402 0173 114060 Rev A XXV Chapter 1 Using Transparent Bridge Services This chapter contains information on the following topics The transparent bridge including an overview of the transparent bridge and details on how the spanning tree algorithm works Enabling bridge service and spanning tree on an interface Transparent bridge parameters including information on how to edit the parameters using Configuration Manager Deleting the bridge and spanning tree from the router Transparent Bridge Overview Transparent bridges are data link layer relay devices that connect two or more networks They use media access control MAC source and destination addresses to relay frames between connected networks Note We use the terms bridge and transparent bridge interchangeably throughout this chapter The transparent bridge provides three primary services Learns the addresses of endstations on c
139. nd Forward Delay unless absolutely necessary However if you do change them you must follow these guidelines Caution We recommend that you not change the following three spanning 2 x Forward Delay 1 Second gt Max Age Max Age 2 x Hello Time 1 Second BRG0010A If the values for Max Age Hello Time and Forward Delay are not the same for each bridge in your network the root bridge parameters rule the entire topology Parameter Max Age Default 20 seconds expressed in hundredths of a second 2000 Range 6 to 40 seconds Function Specifies the maximum number of seconds that the router considers protocol information BPDUs valid After this specified amount of time the router times out and discards the information We recommend that you accept the default value however if you change it you must follow the guidelines listed previously in this section Instructions Either accept the default value or specify a new value Make sure to express any new value in hundredths of a second MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 2 1 15 114060 Rev A 1 27 Configuring Bridging Services Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Hello Time 2 seconds expressed in hundredths of a second 200 1 to 10 seconds Specifies the interval in seconds between BPDUs transmitted by the bridge BPDUs are periodic transmissions exchanged between bridges in the network to convey config
140. network Instructions Assign the same bridge ID to all Bay Networks source routing bridges in the network unless two bridges operate in parallel see note below The bridge ID must be unique among any other non Bay Networks bridge IDs in the network You cannot use the value 0x0 that appears initially in the parameter box You must specify a value for this parameter that is within the given range MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 5 must assign a different SR bridge ID to one of the bridges You must also specify the SR bridge ID in the Bridge Entry list for all other Bay Networks source routing bridges in the network See Implementation Notes for more information Note If two Bay Networks source routing bridges operate in parallel you gt 3 When you have configured the required parameters in the Edit Source Routing Global Parameters window click on OK The SR Interface List window appears Figure 2 15 4 Specify the source routing ring number using the description that follows as a guide and click on OK 2 28 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services pi Erisil Has rumisr oF ROS Barat ROLL Firg Hunkar Outbound STES rispiri STES Franss tiith P Rieg Figure 2 15 SR Interface List Window Parameter Source Routing Ring Number Default 0x0 Range 0x001 to Oxfff Function Identifies the ring number ring ID of this source routing circuit Instructions Assign
141. nfiguration When you statically configure a name it reduces the use of system memory and processing resources normally required for learning and maintaining the NetBIOS names MAC addresses and RIFs associated with those names To add a statically configured NetBIOS name 1 Select Protocols gt Source Routing gt NetBIOS Static Name from the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 3 1 The NetBIOS Static List window appears Figure 3 4 Heo Address RIF from iber Figure 3 4 NetBIOS Static List Window 2 Click on Add The NetBIOS window appears Figure 3 5 114060 Rev A 3 23 Configuring Bridging Services E Cance HethlOS Stotioe Hime HIF from Rooter Figure 3 5 NetBIOS Window 3 Enter values for the parameters using the descriptions in the next section as a guide 4 Click on OK to save your changes 5 Click on Done to exit the window Site Manager returns you to the NetBIOS Static List window Refer to the next section to edit the parameters on this window Static Name Parameter Descriptions Use these parameter descriptions as a guide when you configure parameters in the NetBIOS window refer to Figure 3 5 3 24 114060 Rev A Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Using NetBIOS Services NetBIOS Station Name None Any valid NetBIOS name
142. ng a loop two parallel bridges Bridge 1 and Bridge 2 connect LANs A and B 1 8 114060 Rev A Using Transparent Bridge Services LAN C Key IF Interface BR Bridge ES Endstation BRGO0006A Figure 1 8 Parallel Bridge Topology When Endstation J initially sends a frame to Endstation K both Bridge 1 and Bridge 2 read the frame Since this is the first frame sent between J and K there is no forwarding table entry for J or K on either of the bridges Each bridge updates its forwarding table to indicate that Endstation J is in the direction of LAN A Then each bridge floods the frame Bridge 1 forwards the frame over Interface 1 and Bridge 2 forwards the frame over Interface 2 Bridge 2 also forwards the frame over Interface 3 however to simplify the example we do not trace this frame 114060 Rev A 1 9 Configuring Bridging Services Next Endstation K receives two copies of the frame resulting in an inefficient use of the available bandwidth More serious however is the effect of duplicate frames on the two bridges The frame flooded by Bridge 1 onto Interface 1 is ultimately read by Bridge 2 on Interface 2 When Bridge 2 reads this frame it updates its forwarding table to indicate that Endstation J is in the direction of LAN B Similarly Bridge 1 reads the frame flooded by Bridge 2 and updates its forwarding table to show that Endstation J is in the direction of LAN B Consequently the forwarding tabl
143. notify Bay Networks in writing of any such intended examination of the Software and Bay Networks may provide review and assistance Notwithstanding any foregoing terms to the contrary if licensee licenses the Bay Networks product Site Manager licensee may duplicate and install the Site Manager product as specified in the Documentation This right is granted solely as necessary for use of Site Manager on hardware installed with licensee s network This license will automatically terminate upon improper handling of Software such as by disclosure or Bay Networks may terminate this license by written notice to licensee if licensee fails to comply with any of the material provisions of this license and fails to cure such failure within thirty 30 days after the receipt of written notice from Bay Networks Upon termination of this license licensee shall discontinue all use of the Software and return the Software and Documentation including all copies to Bay Networks Licensee s obligations under this license shall survive expiration or termination of this license 114060 Rev A Contents Configuring Bridging Services About This Guide EERE EE geen rere tee Remar Ores Pep Rept ry RE eUY E A TENT R GAT CEE NTIS EET rier xvii CO S 6 ce mereer erent ee PPR err erence crrt Crerereer rrr meerrer ir creer irererer Urtr eee pene ire terrence xviii PBDI UT cosh cd chen iedig gt eter cel cte EAEN xix Ordering Bay Networks Publicat
144. ns MIB Object ID Bridge Priority 128 0 to 65535 Combined with the Bridge MAC Address parameter assigns a 64 bit bridge ID to the router This parameter supplies the most significant 16 bits of the bridge ID while Bridge MAC Address supplies the remaining least significant 48 bits The spanning tree uses the bridge ID to select the root bridge In selecting the root bridge the spanning tree chooses the bridge with the lowest number bridge ID Thus the lower the value of this parameter the more likely that the router will be selected as the root bridge Enter a decimal value from 0 to 65535 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 33 Bridge MAC Address Defaults to a unique MAC address that the router automatically creates based on the router s backplane ID Any valid 48 bit MAC level address Combined with the Bridge Priority parameter assigns a 64 bit bridge ID to the router Bridge Priority supplies the most significant 16 bits of the bridge ID while this parameter supplies the remaining least significant 48 bits The spanning tree uses the bridge ID to select the root bridge In selecting the root bridge the spanning tree chooses the bridge with the lowest number bridge ID Thus the lower the value of Bridge Priority the more likely that the router will be selected as the root bridge In the event of equal bridge priority values the Bridge MAC Address value determines the bridge s priority Enter a 48 bit MAC address
145. ns you to the Configuration Manager window 4 16 114060 Rev A Using Translation Bridge Services Translation Bridge Global Parameter Descriptions Use these parameter descriptions as a guide when you configure the parameters in the Edit Translation Bridge Global Parameters window refer to Figure 4 5 Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Enable Enable Enable Disable Toggles on and off the translation bridge for the router Set to Disable to turn off translation bridging for the entire router 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 11 2 Virtual LAN ID 0x0 0x1 to OxOfff Assigns the transparently bridged network a ring number To stations on the source routing network the entire transparently bridged network appears to be one additional network segment or ring identified by this ring number When the SR bridge receives a frame destined for this ring number it passes it to the translation bridge Specify a ring number that is not already being used by the source routing network The number you use should not be the same as any LAN ID group LAN ID or internal LAN ID number that is configured on any of the SR bridges on the network We recommend that you configure the same ring number on all translation bridges on the network 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 11 3 114060 Rev A 4 17 Configuring Bridging Services
146. nt OUI organizationally unique identifier BRG0027A Figure 1 3 Bridge Tunnel Service Encapsulation The bridge translates all IEEE 802 2 LLC frames by removing the length field Protocols in this category include AppleTalk Phase 2 Novell Proprietary and IP Figures 1 4 and 1 6 illustrate different LAN configurations and show how Bridge A translates different types of frames originating on LAN 1 for transmission across the FDDI LAN Figure 1 5 shows how Bridge B translates frames transmitted from the FDDI LAN to LAN 2 1 4 114060 Rev A Using Transparent Bridge Services Ethernet LAN1 Ethernet LAN2 Bridge A Bridge B C f CH FDDI LAN Ethernet to FDDI Translation From Ethernet LAN Through Bridge A to FDDI LAN TYPE SNAP LLC OUI TYPE pk Bridge A e Extracts addressing information from the Ethernet header e Incorporates address information into newly generated FDDI MAC header Encapsulates Ethernet data according to RFC 1042 e Recalculates frame check sequence FCS Ethernet AppleTalk ARP to FDDI Translation From Ethernet LAN Through Bridge A to FDDI LAN TYPE SNAP LLC TYPE DA SA DATA FCS Bridge A Extracts addressing information from the Ethernet header e Incorporates address information into newly generated FDDI MAC header e Encapsulates Ethernet data within IEEE 802 2H defined SNAP header that has an organizationally unique identifier OUI of OOOOF8 e Recalculates FCS BRGO003A
147. ntification number called an internal LAN ID For each Bay Networks source routing bridge in the network you assign an additional routing identifier called a group LAN ID The group LAN ID serves as a routing information field RIF placeholder and Bay Networks identifier How Source Routing Differs from Transparent Bridging The Bay Networks source routing bridge differs from the Bay Networks transparent bridge described in Chapter 1 in two ways e Source routing bridges can tolerate multiple paths between endstations in an extended network transparent bridges require loop free topologies e Source routing bridges require endstations to supply the bridging information needed to deliver a frame to a destination transparent bridges use forwarding tables How Endstations on a Source Routing Network Discover Routes The following sections describe the three processes that endstations on a source routing network use to learn the routes to destinations all paths broadcast routing spanning tree broadcast routing and specific routing All Paths Broadcast Routing An endstation that is configured for all paths broadcast routing generates multiple frames that traverse all paths between source and destination endstations These frames are all routes explorer ARE or all paths explorer APE frames When an endstation receives an ARE frame a bridge within the source routing network appends a routing designator that identifies the incomin
148. o source route frames between Bay Networks bridges over IP networks When you enable IP encapsulation on the source routing bridge make sure you follow these guidelines e Enable at least one IP interface on those routers through which you want to source route packets You can enable IP on any circuit on any slot on the router it does not have to be the same circuit on which you enabled source routing Refer to Configuring IP Services for details on enabling IP on a circuit e Configure redundant IP interfaces on different slots on the same router if you want the router to receive broadcasts for backup purposes Alternatively you could configure a connectionless IP address on each router and configure only the connectionless address This results in reduced explorer traffic but ensures that the IP interface is always available e Enable source routing on the circuits of those bridges through which you want to source route frames Refer to Enabling Source Routing Services for details on enabling source routing on a circuit 2 24 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services e Specify a ring ID for the backbone IP network to which the source routing interface connects You enter the IP network s ring ID using the Conn IP NTWK Ring Number parameter for each source routing bridge Refer to Editing Source Routing Global Parameters later in this chapter for details on accessing this parameter Specify the same I
149. on IP encapsulation 114060 Rev A 2 37 Configuring Bridging Services Parameter IP MTU Size bytes Default 4562 Range 0 to 4562 Function Specifies the maximum MTU size for the IP network Instructions Select a value that equals the smallest MTU size of any of the links in the IP network This allows the largest frame negotiation in the source routing exploration process to account for any link inside the IP cloud You can accept the default value 4562 However if you have links in your IP network with smaller MTU sizes than the default value the IP entity may fragment packets For maximum performance refer to your network configuration and calculate this value based on actual MTU sizes MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 11 Editing Source Routing Interface Parameters To edit a source routing interface 1 Select Protocols gt Source Routing gt Interfaces in the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 2 17 The SR Interface List window appears Figure 2 19 2 38 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services A Dante Ap ly valur i Has numter oF Rila Source Boutiryg Ring bur Cu tiound FTEs Inbound TEs Frames Mith IP Ring Figure 2 19 SR Interface List Window 2 Select the interface you want to edit 3 Edit the parameters using the descriptions in the next section as a guide Refer to Chapter 3 for descriptions of the NetBIOS parameters on this sc
150. on this window Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID NetBIOS Server Name Cache Disable Enable Disable Globally enables or disables the ability of bridges to cache the source name MAC address and RIF path associated with each NetBIOS server that is active on the network Select Enable to activate NetBIOS server name address and RIF caching at every source routing interface configured on the node 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 12 NetBIOS Client Name Cache Disable Enable Disable Globally enables or disables the ability of bridges to cache the NetBIOS source name MAC address and RIF path associated with each NetBIOS client that is active on the network Select Enable to activate NetBIOS client name address and RIF caching at every source routing interface configured on the node Accept the default Disable if your network has a spanning tree topology 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 13 3 14 114060 Rev A Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Using NetBIOS Services NetBIOS Datagram RIF Cache Disable Enable Disable Globally enables or disables the ability of bridges to cache the NetBIOS sou
151. onnected networks Forwards or drops frames based on knowledge it acquires about endstation addresses or user configured filters Ensures a loop free topology throughout the extended network using the spanning tree algorithm 114060 Rev A Configuring Bridging Services A transparent bridge also provides some translation services converting frames for bridging between Ethernet 802 3 LANs and Fiber Distributed Data Interface FDDI LANs Refer to The Translation Process later in this chapter for details on translation services How the Bridge Works The bridge receives and examines every frame transmitted on the networks to which it is attached It learns endstation addresses by reading the source address of the endstation that transmitted the frame and noting which LAN interface received the frame The bridge enters this information into a data structure called the forwarding table which the bridge constantly updates For example in Figure 1 1 if Node 2 transmits a frame onto the network for the first time the bridge receives the frame and makes an update to its forwarding table The bridge notes that Node 2 is in the direction of LAN A Forwarding Table Node MAC Addr LAN 00 00 A2 00 00 01 00 00 A2 00 00 02 00 00 A2 00 00 03 00 00 A2 00 00 04 Update Dwr gt LAN A LAN B E a Node 1 Node 2 Node 3 Node 4 MAC Address MAC Address MAC Address MAC Address 00 00 A2 00 00
152. outing Translate LB Service for instructions Use the Bridge Interfaces window to set the Translation Bridge Enable parameter to Enable Refer to Chapter 1 for details on configuring bridge parameters 4 Create the translation bridge on the router Refer to Creating the Translation Bridge later in this chapter for instructions Once you create the translation bridge all TB interfaces on the router automatically participate in translation bridging 5 Enable the spanning tree on all TB and SR interfaces on the network on which you want to use the translation bridge if you want to use the spanning tree algorithm to eliminate loops in the network 114060 Rev A Configuring Bridging Services Remember that the spanning tree algorithm works only if you use Token Ring interfaces to the SR network If you use a different kind of interface to the SR network you must use another method to eliminate loops Refer to the previous section Loop Free Operation for details on methods for eliminating loops Set the spanning tree s Translation Bridge Enable parameter to Enable for all Token Ring SR interfaces on which you enabled spanning tree Enabling Source Routing Translate LB Service To enable Translate LB on an interface complete the following steps 1 From the Select Protocols menu select the Translate LB option that is directly under the Source Routing option Note that the Configuration Manager also
153. parameter 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 10 1 6 Editing Statically Configured NetBIOS Clients and Servers To edit statically configured NetBIOS clients and servers 1 yu PF Y SN Select Protocols gt Source Routing gt NetBIOS Static Name in the Configuration Manager window refer to Figure 3 1 The NetBIOS Static List window appears which lists all of the statically configured NetBIOS clients and servers currently defined in the node configuration refer to Figure 3 4 Select the static entry you want to modify Edit the parameters using the descriptions in the next section as a guide Click on Apply to save your changes Click on Done to exit the window Site Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window NetBIOS Static List Parameter Descriptions Use these parameter descriptions as a guide when you configure the parameters in the NetBIOS Static List window refer to Figure 3 4 3 26 114060 Rev A Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Using NetBIOS Services Enable Enable Enable Disable Enables or disables caching of the NetBIOS name you selected Select Enable to activate caching of the name you selected Select Disable to deactivate caching of the name you selected 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5
154. ple C Last of several bridges to receive the SRF The frame received by Bridge A is the last of several Bay Networks bridges traversed by the frame This bridge performs the following steps in the RIF before it transmits the frame toward Ring 1 refer to Figure 2 10 1 Replaces the Bay Networks group address with the destination MAC address that was saved to the data field 2 Replaces the group LAN ID with its own internal LAN ID 114060 Rev A 2 15 Configuring Bridging Services Destination MAC address Outgoing Ring ID Bridge LAN ID Bridge ID Incoming Ring ID Bridge ID of 0 ES1 ES2 0CBO 001A 002A 003A 102A 0040 DSAP SSAP DATA Frame received by Bridge C Bay Networks group address Next Bridge ID Group LAN ID Copy of destination MAC address paa ae COOOA2FFFFFA ES2 OCBO 001A FFFA 002A 003A 0040 DSAP SSAP DATA a Frame sent out by Bridge C onto Ring 3 Bay Networks Group address Next Bridge ID C000A2FFFFFA ES2 OCBO 001A FFFA 002A 003A 0040 DSAP SSAP DATA ES1 Frame sent out by Bridge B onto Ring 2 Saved destination MAC address LAN ID Bridge ID ES1 ES2 OCBO 001A 100A 002A 003A 0040 DSAP SSAP DATA Frame sent out by Bridge A onto Ring 1 BRG0019A Figure 2 10 Structure of a Specifically Routed Frame from ES2 to ES1 2 16 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services Source Routing across an IP Network This section provides details on
155. prietary sequence maintenance protocol that ensures error free in sequence delivery of IP encapsulated frames The IP network can consist of any standard IP equipment and media 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services How IP Encapsulation Works When you enable IP encapsulation on a source routing bridge thus making it an IP encapsulating bridge you assign a single ring ID to the entire IP backbone network The source routing bridge assigns only a single route descriptor to the frame s RIF to describe the entire internet regardless of the IP network size that the frame traverses Therefore frames source routed over large IP networks can remain within maximum hop count restrictions Whenever a Bay Networks source routing bridge receives an explorer frame the bridge sends it toward an IP encapsulating bridge which resides at the edge of the IP backbone network For example in Figure 2 4 Bridges A B and C are IP encapsulating bridges The IP encapsulating bridge encloses the source routed frame within an IP header before it sends the frame out onto the network When the frame reaches a peer IP encapsulating bridge the bridge removes the encapsulation from the frame and sends it out the appropriate source routing interfaces Each IP encapsulating bridge maintains a dynamic mapping of destination IP addresses to the ring and bridge IDs of their directly attached rings When an IP encapsulating bridge receives a sourc
156. rce name MAC address and RIF path associated with each NetBIOS datagram handled by the node Select Enable to activate NetBIOS datagram source name address and RIF caching at every source routing interface configured on this node 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 14 15 Character NetBIOS Name Caching Disable Enable Disable Enables or disables the ability of bridges to treat NetBIOS names either as 15 or 16 character entities Select Enable to activate 15 character NetBIOS name caching at every source routing interface configured on this node Select Disable if you want NetBIOS to treat names as 16 character entities 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 15 Create MIB Instances for Cached Name Enable Enable Disable Enables or disables the ability of the system to Create a MIB instance for each name entry stored in the name cache Delete a MIB instance for each NetBIOS name entry that ages out of the name cache Select Disable if you want to release the system memory and processing resources otherwise dedicated to maintaining cached names in the MIB 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 16 114060 Rev A 3 15 Configuring Bridging Services Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Max Name Cache Entries 100 1 to 2147483648 Specifies the maximum number of entries you need to provide in the NetBIOS name an
157. rcnnnee 2 33 Source Routing Global Parameter Descriptions ccceceeceeeeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeeees 2 34 Editing Source Routing Interface Parameter csscssessseseeeseseeteeeseaeteeeneneee 2 38 Source Routing Interface Parameter Descriptions cccecceeseeeeeeeeeeeteeeeeeeees 2 40 Adding or Deleting a Bridge ID on the Bridge Entry List 0 eseeeeseeeeeeeeeeeees 2 45 Adding a Bridge Entry to the Bridge Entry List scissors 2 45 Source Routing Bridge ID Parameter Description cccceeseeeeeereeeeteeeeees 2 46 Deleting a Bridge Entry from the Bridge Entry List aeee 2 47 Adding or Deleting an IP Address on the IP Explorer Address List 08 2 47 Adding an IP Explorer Address to the IP Explorer Address List 0006 2 48 IP Explorer Address Parameter Description ieee P 2 49 Deleting an IP Explorer Address cccecececceceeeeeneceeeeeeeneeeseeseneeeseseneneeetenseees 2 49 Editing Source Route Spanning Tree Global Parameters cccsceeeeeeeeeeeeeeees 2 50 Source Route Spanning Tree Global Parameter Descriptions cceeeeee 2 51 Editing Source Route Spanning Tree Interface Parameters cceeeeeeeeeeeeeees 2 56 Source Route Spanning Tree Interface Parameter Descriptions c0cceeee 2 57 Deleting Source Routing from the ROUTE sscicciocesivscasieotmrssedannessccceemssccsieonastmnienesaccenzees 2 58 Chapter 3 Using NetBIOS Services
158. red port that provides a bridge connection for a LAN in the group You can also create a range of CUGIDs for the group and assign a different CUGID to each port The shared network in Figure 5 1 includes two closed user groups Star and Moon Closed User Group Star consists of two local area networks LAN A on the West Side and LAN C on the East Side Closed User Group Moon contains three local area networks distributed between the East Side and the West Side LAN B LAN D and LAN E 114060 Rev A 5 1 Configuring Bridging Services Each LAN in a closed user group is connected to a bridge through an NML port LAN A in the Star Closed User Group for example connects to Bridge 1 on NML Port 1 LAN C connects to Bridge 2 through NML Port 6 NML Port 1 and NML Port 6 are assigned the Star CUGID They are also provided with an access list that contains the Star CUGID An NML port adds its CUGID to each frame that enters the bridge from a closed user group and uses its access list to validate the CUGID on each frame that attempts to exit the bridge through the port In this way traffic on the LANs within a closed user group is restricted to frames that bear the group s CUGID West Side East Side Star Star Moon LAN C FDDI Trunk LAN E Key L NML port BRG0026A Figure 5 1 NML Closed User Groups 5 2 114060 Rev A Using Native Mode LAN Services In Figure 5 1 for example consider what happens when
159. redundant paths in the network topology by disabling the appropriate bridges You can use the spanning tree with any TB network but only if the translation bridge uses Token Ring interfaces to the SR network For example you cannot use the spanning tree algorithm with translation bridging if your interface to the SR network is Ethernet using Bay Networks SR encapsulation Figure 4 2 shows an example of a spanning tree environment with translation bridging 114060 Rev A 4 9 Configuring Bridging Services loop BPDUs Ce ee EN BPDUs eee BPDUs a ee Bridge A Bridge B SR Network Bridge C Bridge D m z j TB Network 2 3 TB SP B Set SP s Translation Bridge ae SO Enable parameter to Enable za TB Network 3 Key TB Transparent Bridge XB Translation Bridge SP Spanning Tree Spanning Tree States F Forwarding B Blocking BRG0025A Figure 4 2 Spanning Tree with Translation Bridging When you use the spanning tree protocol in a translation bridging environment the token ring interfaces of the translation bridge send out special spanning tree bridge PDUs as spanning tree explorer frames STEs These BPDUs are essentially transparent spanning tree bridge PDUs adapted for the source route environment These spanning tree BPDUs have no relation to whether you configured the source route bridge as a spanning tree They are simply sent as STEs so that if a source route spanning tr
160. reen 4 Click on Apply to save your changes 5 Click on Done to exit the window Site Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window Note When you reconfigure an interface in dynamic mode source routing restarts on that interface 114060 Rev A 2 39 Configuring Bridging Services Source Routing Interface Parameter Descriptions Use these parameter descriptions as a guide when you configure the parameters in the SR Interface List window refer to refer to Figure 2 19 Refer to Chapter 3 for descriptions of the NetBIOS parameters on this screen Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Enable Enable Enable Disable Enables or disables source routing over this circuit Set this parameter to Enable to enable source routing over this circuit 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 2 1 2 Max number of RDs 7 l to7 Specifies the maximum number of route descriptors allowed in incoming explorer frames Any explorer frames received that contain more route descriptors than specified here are dropped Accept the default unless you want to limit the number of networks this router can reach 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 2 1 5 2 40 114060 Rev A Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID
161. rvice access point STE spanning tree explorer frame TB transparent bridging XNS Xerox Network System Ordering Bay Networks Publications To purchase additional copies of this document or other Bay Networks publications order by part number from the Bay Networks Press at the following telephone or fax numbers e Telephone U S Canada 1 888 4BAYPRESS e Telephone International 1 510 490 4752 e Fax 1 510 498 2609 You can also use these numbers to request a free catalog of Bay Networks Press product publications XX 114060 Rev A Technical Support and Online Services To ensure comprehensive network support to our customers and partners worldwide Bay Networks Customer Service has Technical Response Centers in key locations around the globe e Billerica Massachusetts e Santa Clara California e Sydney Australia e Tokyo Japan e Valbonne France The Technical Response Centers are connected via a redundant Frame Relay Network to a Common Problem Resolution system enabling them to transmit and share information and to provide live around the clock support 365 days a year Bay Networks Information Services complement the Bay Networks Service program portfolio by giving customers and partners access to the most current technical and support information through a choice of access retrieval means These include the World Wide Web CompuServe Support Source CD Customer Support FTP and InfoFACTS document fax service
162. selects the Source Routing option because the Translate Learning Bridge protocol cannot run without source routing enabled The Edit Translation Bridge Global Parameters window appears Figure 4 3 Configure the Virtual LAN ID parameter and click on OK Use the description that follows as a guide If you have not yet enabled source routing on any circuit the Edit Source Routing Global Parameters window appears Figure 2 14 If you have enabled source routing on some other circuit the SR Interface List window appears Figure 2 15 6 Refer to Enabling Source Routing Services on an Interface in Chapter 2 to configure the necessary source routing parameters 4 12 114060 Rev A Using Translation Bridge Services Cance Enable Virtual Len Id Max Transiation Enteies ging Value feosdcest Comersion Ethernet Type Source Route Explorer Tipe SAPS Figure 4 3 Edit Translation Bridge Global Parameters Window Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Virtual LAN ID 0x0 0x1 to Oxfff Assigns the transparently bridged network a ring number To stations on the source routing network the entire transparently bridged network appears to be one additional network segment or ring identified by this ring number When the SR bridge receives a frame destined for this ring number it passes it to the translation bridge Specify a ring number that is not already being used
163. single route explorer frames received on this circuit This option will not stop single route explorer frames from being transmitted on this circuit This parameter has no effect if you configure this interface with the Source Routing Spanning Tree protocol Set to Block only if you want spanning tree explorer packets to be dropped by this circuit 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 2 1 8 Frames with IP Ring Accept Accept Block Specifies whether the bridge should block inbound explorer frames received on this circuit that traversed the IP network via IP encapsulation Set to Block only if you want to limit the route selection possibilities using IP encapsulation 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 2 1 9 2 42 114060 Rev A Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Using Source Routing Bridge Services IP Address None Any valid IP address Shows the IP address of this interface If there is no IP address this field displays 0 0 0 0 You can use this parameter with the IP Encapsulation parameter to map ring IDs to IP addresses If you accept the IP address displayed then the ring ID maps to that address If you want to change the ring ID mapping to the outgoing IP interface enter 0 0 0 0 at this field 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 2 1 10 Note If you did not configure IP on this interface already the system will overwrite the value you entered for this parameter when you do configure
164. t access a cache entry within the interval you set in the appropriate cache aging time parameter the router deletes the entry from the table 3 8 114060 Rev A Using NetBIOS Services You can adjust the aging time for the name RIF cache using the Name Cache Age parameter which is a source routing bridge global parameter Any adjustments you make affect all instances of the source routing bridge in the router configuration You can adjust the aging parameter for the query cache by means of the NetBIOS Query Cache Age parameter which is also a global parameter of the source routing bridge Refer to NetBIOS Global Parameter Descriptions for descriptions of the Cache Age Time and NetBIOS Query Cache Age parameters Statically Configured NetBIOS Names You can add static NetBIOS names and associated RIF entries into the router These entries are independent of the name and RIF entries learned dynamically in the name cache The static RIF must reflect a valid learned route Since specifying a valid RIF is a complicated procedure we recommend that you copy a RIF that the router learned dynamically into the name cache Implementation Notes Topologies The following sections contain information you may need to know before you configure NetBIOS on the router If you configure your source routed network to operate as a spanning tree this may affect the client name caching feature The following sections describe the effects on c
165. t bridge priority followed by Bridge 3 Bridge 4 and Bridge 1 the spanning tree algorithm may block Bridge 1 Interface 8 and Bridge 4 Interface 9 from service 114060 Rev A Using Transparent Bridge Services Figure 1 11 shows the resulting logical topology which provides a loop free topology with only a single path between any two hosts Given Then All path costs are equal ae IF a Bridge 1 Interface 1 is blocked denotes its priority Bridge 4 Interface 5 is blocked And BR 2 priority 1 BR 3 priority 2 PESU BR 4 priority 3 Loop free topology BR 1 priority 4 is created BRG0008A Figure 1 11 Spanning Tree Loop Free Logical Topology It is very important to configure the spanning tree parameters correctly Consider the typical flow of traffic so that the logical topology that results from the spanning tree algorithm is appropriate for the network If in the network shown in Figure 1 8 a majority of traffic originates on LAN A and is destined for LAN D it is not practical to set the spanning tree parameters as shown in Figure 1 12 This figure illustrates an inefficient spanning tree topology for this network because the traffic from LAN A must traverse Bridge 1 LAN B and Bridge 2 to get to LAN D LAN B is then congested with unnecessary traffic 114060 Rev A 1 13 Configuring Bridging Services Given All path costs are equal Interface IF number denotes its priority
166. t reduction 3 4 to 3 9 C Caching aging process 3 8 3 16 client 3 5 3 14 3 21 datagram RIF 3 6 3 15 disabling 3 14 enabling 3 14 lookup 3 8 maximum entries allowed for 3 16 NetBIOS names 3 27 query 3 7 server name 3 6 using 15 characters 3 15 Caching NetBIOS names enabling 3 27 Client name caching 3 5 3 14 3 21 Closed user group CUG defining 5 3 ID for 5 1 permitting overlapping traffic using 5 4 CompuServe Bay Networks forum on xxiv Conn IP NTWK Ring Number parameter 2 37 Create MIB Instances for Cached Name parameter 3 15 Create MIB Instances for Cached Query parameter 3 18 CUG Value NML interface parameter 5 10 CUGID closed user group ID 5 1 Customer Service FTP xxiii customer support See getting help D Data link connection identifier DLCI 2 43 Data link switching used with NetBIOS 3 10 Datagram in NetBIOS 3 4 Defaults IP explorer address parameters A 4 NetBIOS parameters A 6 NML parameters A 8 source routing parameters A 4 spanning tree parameters A 2 translation bridge parameters A 7 transparent bridge parameters A 1 Disable NML interface parameter 5 9 DLCI 2 43 DLSw used with NetBIOS 3 10 E Enable Forwarding DB global parameter 1 22 Enable parameter bridge global 1 20 bridge interface 1 24 NetBIOS static list 3 27 source routing global 2 35 source routing interface 2 40 spanning tree global 1 25 spanning tre
167. table global parameters editing 1 19 to 1 22 interface parameters editing 1 22 to 1 24 Translation Bridge Enable interface parameter 1 24 translation bridge operations 4 4 to 4 5 translation services 1 3 to 1 8 Transparent to source routing translation bridge See Translation bridge V Virtual Lan ID parameter 4 13 4 17 W WAN Broadcast Address parameter 2 43 World Wide Web Bay Networks home page on xxiii 114060 Rev A Index 7
168. tely around the loops which results in degraded network performance To eliminate loops you can use one of the methods described in the following sections Physically Disabling Loops You can discover loops in your network using a configuration diagram Then you can physically adjust the network configuration to eliminate the loops For example assume that Figure 4 1 is a diagram of a portion of your network loop Bridge B Bridge C mae eee TB Network 1 TB Network 2 TB XB XB TB Key TB Network 3 TB Transparent Bridge XB Translation Bridge Figure 4 1 BRGO0024A Network Configuration with Potential Loop 4 8 114060 Rev A Using Translation Bridge Services You want to send a packet from TB Network 1 to TB Network 2 As shown in the figure there are two possible routes between these two networks e Through Bridge B across the SR network through Bridge C to the destination on TB Network 2 e Through Bridge A across TB Network 3 through Bridge D to the destination on TB Network 2 To avoid continuous looping of the packet around these two paths you can disable Bridge A or Bridge D This eliminates the possibility of the packet using the second route If you cannot disable a path you can disable translation on one part of the path Using the Spanning Tree Protocol A second way to eliminate loops in the network is to use the spanning tree algorithm which discovers and eliminates
169. the source routing bridge internal LAN ID and the source routing bridge ID using the descriptions that follow as a guide Note Because source routing is global that is it runs across all Bridge circuits the Configuration Manager only displays the Source Routing Global Parameters window the first time you specify source routing for the bridge If this window does not appear source routing is already enabled on the bridge 2 26 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services Enable 5A Bridge Internal LAH DY 5R fridge ID SR Bridge Group LAH ID IP Eecspenlation Coon IP AWE Ring nose IP ATU Size Chy tes BethlOS Server Home Cache fetGl0S Client Home Cache fethTOS Daten RIF Comte Figure 2 14 Edit Source Routing Global Parameters Window Parameter SR Bridge Internal LAN ID Default 0x0 Range 0x1 to Oxffe Function Specifies this bridge s internal LAN ID Instructions Assign an internal LAN ID that is unique among all other internal LAN IDs group LAN IDs and ring IDs in the network You cannot use the value 0x0 that appears initially in the parameter box You must specify a value for this parameter that is within the given range MIB Object ID 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 1 4 114060 Rev A 2 27 Configuring Bridging Services Parameter SR Bridge ID Default 0x0 Range 0x1 to Oxf Function Specifies this bridge s bridge ID and identifies the Bay Networks source routing bridges in the
170. ther select a link or net module connector or finish configuring a WAN circuit When you enable bridge service without spanning tree you need not specify any configuration information because Configuration Manager supplies default values for the bridge parameters The protocol pop up window for the next enabled protocol appears or if only bridge is enabled on this circuit the Bay Networks Configuration Manager window appears To edit the default values for the bridge parameters refer to Editing Bridge Parameters for instructions Enabling Spanning Tree on an Interface To enable spanning tree on an interface use the following procedure 1 From the Select Protocols menu select the Spanning Tree option that is directly under the Bridge option Note that the Configuration Manager also selects the Bridge option because this Spanning Tree protocol cannot run without Bridge enabled 2 Click on OK The Spanning Tree Autoconfiguration window appears Figure 1 13 114060 Rev A 1 15 Configuring Bridging Services When you enable spanning tree service you need only configure the Bridge Priority and Bridge MAC Address parameters The Configuration Manager supplies default values for the remaining parameters If you want to edit the default values see Editing Bridge Parameters later in this section Note Because the spanning tree is global that is it runs across all Bridge circuits the Configuration Manager only disp
171. through the SR network this may not be the optimal route If you connect TB networks across a large SR network you may want to configure the translation bridge to forward frames as ARE frames This allows the frames to follow routes other than the spanning tree route across the SR LAN TB to SR Challenges The translation bridge software must overcome differences in the way that TB and SR networks implement various aspects of data transmission These differences include e Frame formats e Frame lengths e MAC address formats e LAN speed The following sections describe how the translation bridge software accommodates these differences 114060 Rev A 4 5 Configuring Bridging Services Frame Format Selection The Ethernet Version 2 and Ethernet 802 3 protocols transmit data using different formats for frames For example in Ethernet Version 2 the first section of the frame the preamble requires eight octets For Ethernet 802 3 frames the preamble is seven octets long The translation bridge converts the frames it receives from the SR network to either Ethernet Version 2 or Ethernet 802 3 format Then the translation bridge sends the frames to the transparent bridge for forwarding When you configure the translation bridge you select a default conversion either Ethernet 802 3 or Ethernet Version 2 When the translation bridge receives a frame from the SR network it converts the frame to the format you specified as the d
172. tiOns cccceceeeseeeceeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeeeaeeeeeeeeees 3 21 Using Statically Configured NetBIOS Clients and Servers cccceeseeesseeeeeeeees 3 22 Adding a Statically Configured NetBIOS Client or Server PE E e Static Name Parameter Deschpions csursennninarmnsiain ninsa 3 24 Editing Statically Configured NetBIOS Clients and Servers ceseeeee 3 26 NetBIOS Static List Parameter Descriptions 0 cccccceeeeeeeeeeetetteeeeeeeeeees 3 26 Deleting a Statically Configured NetBIOS Name cceecseseeeeeeesteeeeeeeees 3 28 Chapter 4 Using Translation Bridge Services TRANBISTION Bridge VOICI sorsia nN TEAN 4 1 Br a E e EIEEE NETI EN APEA IE AA YEO A IEE A EA IE AA EA IN 4 2 Fonsardino DataDaSE sorardi e EN 4 2 Route Intonation Field Database sisigaiioriinideitni n nN 4 2 Database Aging Mechanism AEE PEE EET re EEE E 4 2 BG ITS simin E 4 3 OTe NSS sar cies teas aie cn Haines ase deal aad ane eee oaia 4 3 SON OI Seite sate iad nics pate bdzauie elude iehatad dabed eaddeaneatel addenda Aad demi 4 4 Teto R Ghane S ainsi tae ent nea eal amc 4 5 Frame Feral SESGUGN sicucivuancamunnena die ainda ES 4 6 Fame LAIN aena n a AN 4 6 MAG Addresa PORNSIS rarandaan nA EN 4 6 LAN POROS Somir eE E 4 7 viii 114060 Rev A IPMS ALOT IES ean sscccterniecccs ANERE 4 7 b 8 769 as 1 8 6101 2 8 One Ree mC Ret MCE Pe Tm eaaa Mena aur Mrmr erty 0 rh 4 7 iterates SUPP OME siirsin eE paina ea aaa pea
173. tion in the Protocols menu Example Pin 7 gt 19 gt 20 Indicates that you enter only one of the parts of the command The vertical line separates choices Do not type the vertical line when entering the command Example If the command syntax is show at routes nets you enter either show at routes or show at nets but not both xviii 114060 Rev A Acronyms APE ARE ARP BPDU CUGID DA DLCI DLSw DSAP FCS FDDI IEEE IP IPX LLC LNM MAC MIB MTU NetBIOS NML OUI PPP RFC RIF SA SAP SMDS SNAP SR SRF About This Guide all paths explorer frame all routes explorer frame Address Resolution Protocol Bridge Protocol Data Unit closed user group ID destination address data link connection identifier data link switching destination service access point frame check sequence Fiber Distributed Data Interface Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers Internet Protocol Internet Packet Exchange logical link control LAN Network Manager media access control Management Information Base Maximum Transmission Unit Network Basic Input Output System Native Mode LAN organizationally unique identifier Point to Point Protocol Request for Comments Routing Information Field source address service access point Switched Multimegabit Data Services Subnetwork Access Protocol source routing specifically routed frame 114060 Rev A xix Configuring Bridging Services SSAP session se
174. tions generate all routes explorer ARE frames which are multiple frames that traverse all the possible routes between source and destination endstations Some stations generate a spanning tree explorer STE frame a single frame that follows a loop free path from source to destination When an SR network interface receives an STE or ARE explorer frame the source route bridge is responsible for forwarding that frame to any other appropriate source route network interfaces The translation bridge is responsible for forwarding that frame to any other appropriate transparent bridge network When the translation bridge receives either an STE or ARE explorer frame it determines what to do based on the frame s source and destination addresses as follows e Ifthe frame has a group destination address the translation bridge completes these steps Forwards the frame to the transparent bridge which sends it out all ports Ifthe source address is not in the RIF table adds the address and its routing information to the table Ifthe source address is in the RIF table updates its routing information e Ifthe frame has a specific destination address the translation bridge completes these steps Ifthe source address is not in the RIF table adds the address and its routing information to the table 114060 Rev A Configuring Bridging Services Ifthe source address is in the RIF table updates its routing information
175. tructure of an IP Encapsulated Frame from ES1 to ES2 114060 Rev A 2 19 Configuring Bridging Services Example B Between the first and last bridges to receive the SRF Bay Networks Bridge B receives the frame from the IP network Ring 2 and performs the following steps on the RIF before it transmits the frame toward Ring 3 refer to refer to Figure 2 12 1 Strips the IP header from the packet 2 Changes the destination system s MAC address at the beginning of the frame to a Bay Networks group address This address appears as COOOA2FFFFFFx where x is the bridge ID of the next Bay Networks bridge specified by the RIF 3 Copies the destination system s MAC address into the data portion of the frame 4 Locates the bridge ID which is at the end of the group address and sends it to the bridge ID of the next Bay Networks bridge in the RIF Example C Last of several bridges to receive the SRF The last Bay Networks bridge to receive the frame performs the following steps in the RIF before it transmits the frame toward Ring 4 refer to refer to Figure 2 12 1 Replaces the Bay Networks group address with the destination MAC address that was saved to the data field 2 Changes the group LAN ID to its own internal LAN ID 2 20 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services IP Encapsulation Guidelines When using IP encapsulation the following guidelines apply e Do not configure source routing on WA
176. ty Range Parameters ccccceeeeeteeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeeenees A 8 Table A 19 NML Range Enable Parameters c cccccccsscceceeesteeeeeeeseeeeeeesseeeeeseeaaes A 8 Table B 1 Framo S20 BIS ossiicacantantidwinniosnananasumiieiiiosdmiasmcenionet B 3 114060 Rev A XV About This Guide If you are responsible for configuring and managing Bay Networks routers you should read this guide to learn how to customize Bay Networks router software for bridging services This guide offers details on configuring e Transparent bridging services Chapter 1 e Source routing bridge services Chapter 2 e NetBIOS services Chapter 3 e Translation bridge services Chapter 4 e Native mode LAN NML services Chapter 5 Before You Begin Before using this guide complete the following procedures For a new router e Install the router refer to the installation manual that came with your router e Connect the router to the network and create a pilot configuration file refer to Quick Starting Routers and BNX Platforms Connecting BayStack AN and ANH Systems to a Network or Connecting ASN Routers and BNX Platforms to a Network e Make sure that you are running the latest version of Bay Networks Site Manager and router software refer to Upgrading Routers from Version 7 10 xx to Version 11 0 e Create and save a configuration file that has at least one bridging interface refer to Configuring Routers e Retrieve the
177. ue the more time it takes the bridge to adjust to changes in the network The smaller you make this value the more processing the translation bridge must perform to delete and then relist infrequently used addresses Specify the number of seconds that inactive addresses should be retained 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 11 6 4 18 114060 Rev A Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Using Translation Bridge Services Broadcast Conversion Enable Enable Disable If you enable this feature when the translation bridge receives a frame destined for the 802 3 broadcast address OxFFFFFFFFFFFFP it converts the address to the 802 5 broadcast address OxCOOOFFFFFFFF and vice versa Set to Disable if you do not want the translation bridge to convert the broadcast address When you disable this parameter the translation bridge sends broadcast frames with the 802 3 broadcast address OXFFFFFFFFFFFF out the source route interfaces 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 11 7 Ethernet Type Ethernet Ethernet IEEE8023 Specifies the default type of frame to be sent to the transparently bridged network either Ethernet Version 2 Ethernet or Ethernet 802 3 IEEE8023 Specify the frame type that will be used by most of the Ethernet endstations on the network You can indicate specific addresses that use the other Ethernet t
178. up are allowed to exchange information with users on some but not all LANs of another closed group To permit overlapping traffic on a LAN that is part of a closed user group you assign an access list to the LAN s NML port that contains the CUGID for all groups that are allowed access to the LAN This requires the use of unique CUGIDs for each involved port For example members of the Star group need to exchange information with Moon group members on LAN E refer to Figure 5 1 To define LAN E as a LAN that permits overlapping traffic you assign NML Port 7 an access list that includes both Moon CUGIDs and Star CUGIDs Controlling NML Traffic on a Network Trunk Network trunks carry the frames of all closed user groups In Figure 5 1 for example the FDDI link between Bridge 1 and Bridge 2 is a network trunk The NML service allows you to control traffic on a trunk by blocking access to the trunk by frames that originate from LANs that you specify If you determine for example that frames originating from a LAN that is part of a given closed user group can never reach their destination via the trunk you can block the frames from traveling on the trunk This feature helps reduce network traffic on the trunk by eliminating useless frames For example the Moon closed user group in Figure 5 1 closes its office on the West Side dismantling LAN B and NML Port 3 To ensure that no frames destined for Port 3 get onto the FDDI trunk needless
179. uration and topology change data We recommend that you accept the default value however if you change it you must follow the guidelines listed previously in this section Either accept the default value or enter a new value Make sure you enter the new value in hundredths of a second 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 2 1 16 1 28 114060 Rev A Using Transparent Bridge Services Parameter Forward Delay Default 15 seconds expressed in hundredths of a second 1500 Range 4 to 30 seconds Function Specifies the time in seconds that a circuit spends in the listening and learning states If you set this parameter to the minimum value the spanning tree converges at its fastest rate As the spanning tree algorithm operates it eventually places all circuits in either a forwarding enabled or blocking disabled state In response to network topology changes the spanning tree algorithm may change the state of specific circuits To prevent network looping caused by sudden state changes the spanning tree algorithm does not change circuits directly from the blocking to the forwarding state Rather it places them in two intermediate states listening and learning In the listening standby state the circuit listens for network generated BPDUs It receives and drops all other traffic When the forward delay timer expires the spanning tree algorithm places the circuit in the learning state In the learning state the circuit receives both
180. ure 3 3 window as described in the following sections Refer to Chapter 2 for details on editing the source routing global parameters in these windows Editing NetBIOS Parameters Once you configure a circuit to support source routing you use the Configuration Manager to edit the NetBIOS parameters This section describes how to access and edit these parameters Note The instructions in this section assume that you already configured source routing on the router If you did not refer to Configuring Routers for details on configuring source routing You access all NetBIOS parameters from the Configuration Manager Window Figure 3 1 Refer to Using Site Manager Software for details on accessing this window 114060 Rev A Configuring Bridging Services Contigiretion Podat Local SH Ggert n FILE Film imat treo lent uersletechpube mary m Bridga bridges iodalt Bechbora Limh poke Bt bth HIB Weretont Sod Color ksur Mi Dacepi pki Connectors Figure 3 1 Configuration Manager Window For each NetBIOS parameter this section describes default settings valid parameter options the parameter function instructions for setting the parameter and the Management Information Base MIB object ID The Technician Interface lets you modify parameters by issuing set and commit commands that specify the MIB object ID This process is equivalent to modifying parameters using Site Manager For more information about using t
181. uring Bridging Services Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID NetBIOS Datagram RIF Cache Enable Enable Disable Enables or disables the ability of this bridge interface to cache the NetBIOS source name MAC address and RIF path associated with each NetBIOS datagram handled by the bridge Select Enable if you disabled datagram caching previously and you want to re enable it Select Disable if you want to release system memory and processing resources otherwise dedicated to datagram caching 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 2 1 19 NetBIOS Query Cache Enable Enable Disable Enables or disables the ability of this bridge interface to cache NetBIOS queries Select Enable if you previously disabled name query caching on this interface and you want to re enable it Select Disable if you want to release system memory and processing query resources otherwise dedicated to caching 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 2 1 20 3 22 114060 Rev A Using NetBIOS Services Using Statically Configured NetBIOS Clients and Servers The following sections describe how to add edit and delete statically configured NetBIOS clients and servers refer to the appropriate section Adding a Statically Configured NetBIOS Client or Server You may want to statically configure NetBIOS names that are stable elements of your network co
182. uting bridges in parallel Refer to Assigning Bridge IDs Internal LAN IDs and Group LAN IDs in this chapter for more information The following sections describe how to add and delete a bridge ID in the Bridge Entry list Adding a Bridge Entry to the Bridge Entry List To add a bridge ID 1 Select Protocols gt Source Routing gt Bridge Entry in the Configuration Manager window refer to refer to Figure 2 17 The Source Routing Bridge IDs window appears which lists the bridge IDs currently configured on the network Figure 2 20 Figure 2 20 Source Routing Bridge IDs Window 114060 Rev A 2 45 Configuring Bridging Services 2 Click on Add The Add Bridge ID window appears Figure 2 21 fed Erida 1D Figure 2 21 Add Bridge ID Window 3 Enter the new bridge ID in the New Source Routing Bridge ID field using the description in the next section as a guide 4 Click on Add SR BR ID Site Manager returns you to the Source Routing Bridge IDs window The bridge ID you configured now appears in the Bridge Entry list 5 Click on Done to exit the window Site Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window Source Routing Bridge ID Parameter Description Use this parameter description as a guide when you configure the parameter in the Add Bridge ID window refer to Figure 2 21 2 46 114060 Rev A Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Us
183. window Site Manager returns you to the Configuration Manager window 2 56 114060 Rev A Using Source Routing Bridge Services Source Route Spanning Tree Interface Parameter Descriptions Use these parameter descriptions as a guide when you configure the parameters in the Source Route Spanning Tree Interface List window refer to refer to Figure 2 25 Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Range Function Instructions MIB Object ID Enable If you added spanning tree using either the Quick Start procedure or the configuring circuits procedure this parameter defaults to Enable If you previously used this parameter to disable spanning tree on this circuit the parameter defaults to Disable Enable Disable Toggles spanning tree on and off for this circuit only This parameter does not allow you to add spanning tree to this circuit To add the spanning tree to this circuit you must use the configuring circuits procedure For instructions see Configuring Routers Set this parameter to either Enable or Disable 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 2 1 25 Path Cost 1 1 to 65535 When this port is the root port the path cost is the contribution of the path through this port to the total cost of the path to the root for this bridge When this port is not the root port the router adds the path cost to the designated cost for the root port and uses it as the v
184. with the lowest bridge ID number Thus the lower the value you set for this parameter the more likely it is that the router will be selected as the root bridge Enter a decimal value from 0 to 65535 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 2 1 5 114060 Rev A Configuring Bridging Services MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions Bridge MAC Address Defaults to a unique MAC address that the router automatically creates based on the router s backplane ID Any valid 48 bit MAC level address Combined with the Bridge Priority parameter assigns a 64 bit bridge ID to the router Bridge Priority supplies the most significant 16 bits of the bridge ID while this parameter supplies the remaining least significant 48 bits The spanning tree uses the bridge ID to select the root bridge In selecting the root bridge the spanning tree chooses the bridge with the lowest bridge ID number Thus the lower the setting of Bridge Priority the more likely it is that the router will be selected as the root bridge In the event of equal Bridge Priority values the value of this parameter determines the bridge s priority Enter a 48 bit MAC address expressed as a 12 digit hexadecimal value We recommend that you set this parameter to the MAC address of one of the router s spanning tree ports preferably the one with the lowest priority 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 2 1 5 Editing Bridge Parameters Once you configure a cir
185. ype Refer to Editing Translation Bridge Station Type later in this chapter 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 11 8 114060 Rev A 4 19 Configuring Bridging Services Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Parameter Default Options Function Instructions MIB Object ID Source Route Explorer Type Spanning Tree Spanning Tree All Routes When the translation bridge software forwards a frame with an unknown destination address onto the source routed network it sends the frame as either an STE spanning tree explorer or ARE all routes explorer frame By default the translation bridge is configured to use STE frames so as not to burden the source routed network with excessive ARE traffic Using STE frames however forces all traffic flowing over the translation bridge to follow the spanning tree route through the network which may not be the optimal route If you are connecting transparently bridged networks across a large source routed network you may want to configure the translation bridge to forward frames as AREs so that frames can follow routes other than the spanning tree route across the source routed LAN Consider however that AREs may generate an unacceptable level of traffic on the larger network 1 3 6 1 4 1 18 3 5 1 1 2 11 9 SAPS 000408FOF4FC Any hexadecimal value The translation bridge supports the transfer of LLC based traffic as indicated by t
186. ze Bits As an ARE or STE traverses the network each device that it passes through sets these bits to the largest frame size possible in bytes The Bay Networks router can accommodate a source route frame size up to up to a 4472 bytes over any media The initial value of the bit string is 111 Table B 1 Table B 1 Frame Size Bits Bit Pattern Max Number of Bytes 011 1500 010 2052 011 4472 100 8144 101 11 407 110 17 800 111 Initial Value 114060 Rev A B 3 Configuring Bridging Services A possible value for the routing control field follows 011 1500010 205201 1 4472100 8144101 11407110 17800 Routing Designators The routing designator field is 2 bytes long and comprises a Ring ID and a Bridge ID The Ring ID has 12 bits 001 through FFF and the Bridge ID has four bits 1 through F When a router receives a frame such as an ARE and forwards it out an interface the last Bridge ID is set to 0 because the router does not know the ID of the next bridge to pick up the frame The maximum number of routing designators in the RIF field is seven Ring ID Bridge ID pairs B 4 114060 Rev A Symbols 15 character Name Caching parameter 3 15 802 3 frames translated by translation bridge 4 6 translated by transparent bridge 1 3 to 1 8 A Access list assigning to a port 5 11 to 5 13 Add name query frame 3 2 Add Security Header NML interface parameter 5 9 Address

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