O'Reilly VMware Cookbook, 2nd Edition
Contents
1. A Real World Guide to Effective VMware Use Ryan Troy amp O REILLY Matthew Helmke Want to read more You can buy this book at oreilly com in print and ebook format Buy 2 books get the 3rd FREE Use discount code OPC10 All orders over 29 95 qualify for free shipping within the US It s also available at your favorite book retailer including the iBookstore the Android Marketplace and Amazon com O REILLY Spreading the knowledge of innovators oreilly com VMware Cookbook Second Edition by Ryan Troy and Matthew Helmke Copyright 2012 Ryan Troy Matthew Helmke All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Published by O Reilly Media Inc 1005 Gravenstein Highway North Sebastopol CA 95472 O Reilly books may be purchased for educational business or sales promotional use Online editions are also available for most titles http my safaribooksonline com For more information contact our corporate institutional sales department 800 998 9938 or corporate oreilly com Editor Andy Oram Indexer BIM Publishing Services Production Editor Rachel Steely Cover Designer Karen Montgomery Copyeditor Absolute Service Inc Interior Designer David Futato Proofreader Absolute Service Inc Illustrators Robert Romano and Rebecca Demarest June 2012 Second Edition Revision History for the Second Edition 2012 06 06 First release See http oreilly com catalog errata csp isbn 972. 15 of their capacity the majority of the time but you let that happen because you want to keep their various functions and operating systems isolated from one another This provides some secu rity both because if one server is compromised it does not necessarily mean that access has been granted to others and because a problem with one piece of software will not cause other parts of your IT infrastructure to go down as you deal with it Virtualization helps you make better use of those physical resources without compro mising the original intent of keeping services isolated Instead of installing your oper ating system directly on your hardware you instead begin with a virtualization layer a stripped down OS designed to schedule access to network disk memory and CPU resources for guest OSs the same way that those guest OSs control that scheduling for their applications Most virtualization platforms limit themselves to specific hardware and present a specific set of virtual components to the operating systems installed on top of them This provides a very stable and consistent presentation to the operating systems you install and allows them to be moved much more easily Once you ve installed and configured the virtualization layer you can partition the physical hardware and assign it to discrete operating system instances that you install on top of the virtualization layer These virtual installations operate exactly as they would
3. 19 Resource pool maximums Value Item vSphere 5 x maximum Resource pools per ESXi host 1 600 Children per resource pool 1 024 Resource pool tree depth 8 10 Chapter 1 VMware Infrastructure Installation Table 1 20 vCenter Server maximums Value Item Hosts per vCenter server Powered on virtual machines per vCenter server Registered virtual machines per vCenter server Linked vCenter servers Hosts in linked vCenter servers Powered on virtual machines in linked vCenter servers Registered virtual machines in linked vCenter servers Concurrent vSphere clients Number of host per datacenter MAC addresses per vCenter server USB devices connected at vSphere Client vSphere 5 x maximum 1 000 10 000 15 000 10 3 000 30 000 50 000 100 500 65 536 20 Table 1 21 vCenter VASA maximums Value Item vSphere 5 x maximum Storage providers 10 Table 1 22 vCenter update manager maximums Value Item Host scans in a single vCenter server Virtual machine scans in a single vCenter server Cisco VDS update and deployment VMware Tools scan per ESXi host VMware Tools upgrade per ESXi host Virtual machine hardware scan per host Virtual machine hardware upgrade per host VMware Tools scan per VUM server VMware Tools upgrade per VUM server Virtual machine hardware scan per VUM server Virtual machine hardware upgrade per VUM server ESXi host scan per VUM server ESXi host remediation per VUM server ESXi host upgra
4. Adapter Choosing Network Elements that Protect Security Setting the Basic Level 2 Security Policy Ethernet Traffic Shaping on Standard vSwitches Load Balancing and Failover Enabling Jumbo Frames on a VMkernel for iSCSI Enabling Jumbo Frames on a Standard vSwitch Enabling Jumbo Frames on a Virtual Machine Changing the ESXi Host IP Address Using the Remote Command Line to Locate Physical Ethernet Adapters Changing the Ethernet Port Speed via the Command Line Enabling TCP Segmentation Offload Support on a Virtual Machine Enabling Jumbo Frames on a Distributed Switch Changing DNS Entries on the ESXi Host Creating a vSphere Distributed Switch 4 Resource and vCenter Management ccecceececceecenceceees 4 1 4 2 4 3 4 4 4 5 Monitoring Virtual Machines Inside the vSphere Cluster Understanding Virtual Machine Memory Use Through Reservations Shares and Limits Configuring Virtual Machine CPU Limits Configuring Virtual Machine CPU Shares Configuring Virtual Machine CPU Reservations 104 105 106 107 108 108 113 114 115 118 119 121 iv Table of Contents 4 6 4 7 4 8 4 9 4 10 4 11 4 12 4 13 4 14 4 15 5 Useful Tools and References 5 1 3 2 5 3 5 4 5 5 5 6 5 7 5 8 5 9 5 10 5 11 5 12 5 13 5 14 5 15 5 16 5 17 5 18 5 19 5 20 5 21 5 22 5 23 5 24 5325 5 26 5 27 5 28 2 29 5 30 5 31 Setting Up Resource Pools Understanding Resource Pools Expandable Res
5. SS ae Ne eG bas ee FONE eNaS 329 Table of Contents vii CHAPTER 1 VMware Infrastructure Installation This book aims to be useful for both new and seasoned VMware ESXi users Because of the intermediate to advanced nature of this cookbook we will assume from time to time that you have advanced knowledge and understanding of how the products work Before we begin serving the main recipes of our cookbook we define several terms we will use throughout the rest of the book and make sure that you have all the necessary components installed Virtualization provides a way for multiple operating systems to be installed on the same physical hardware By using virtual technology we can consolidate hardware and in stantly build production quality assurance and test environments This is a tremen dous breakthrough as it allows underutilized equipment to do more than sit around idly and allows developers and administrators to test and use multiple software con figurations and packages that require different operating systems on the same piece of equipment without having to purchase set up and maintain multiple computers This savings makes the accounting department and managers happy and gives the technol ogy lovers an opportunity to do all the things they want or need to do at the same time A typical IT scenario goes something like this you have lots of servers in your rack or collection of racks Most of them run at only about 10
6. book This new release not only brings incremental improvements but also takes the virtualization platform to a whole new level by letting you think in terms of complete installations or deployments instead of managing your site server by server It s worth mentioning that ESXi 5 0 has some really great features such as e vSphere 5 0 which is now based on the ESXi platform eliminating the old ESX platform e Updated Virtual Machine functionality including more CPUs RAM support for USB 3 0 and 3D graphics e Support for OS X larger file systems 512 virtual machines per physical host and Metro vMotion For a complete list of new features please visit http www vmware com support vsphere5 doc vsphere esx vcenter server 50 new features html Here are 10 features we feel are worth highlighting Metro vMotion Metro vMotion allows the end user to move a running virtual machine between two physical locations when certain circumstances allow there is a minimum of 5 1 2 What Is VMware vSphere 5 0 3 ms latency between the two remote ESXi servers However the maximum latency is supported up to 10 ms Improved SNMP support vSphere 5 now allows you to convert CIM indications to SNMP traps vSphere 5 supports a larger set of vendors and equipment but we still recommend you check with your vendor to ensure your vendor supports these features VMES 5 filesystem VMFS 5 will allow scaling up to 64TB per datastore using one
7. console within the ESXi hypervisor or using the RCLI tools For everything else VMware has provided a large and useful collection of utilities that can be run from the command line on any server These tools are called the RCLI The RCLI provides the same tools that were once available via the service console Typically management will be done via the vCenter client however there may be cases where you find you can accomplish things more easily with the command line or need to use it because you can t access vCenter 12 Chapter 1 VMware Infrastructure Installation VMware has designed the ESXi server to run only on specific pieces of hardware and has removed support for any kinds of devices it is not interested in thereby reducing the kernel code What remains is a stripped down fast kernel and tool package with little to no extra overhead This is one of the things that gives VMware an advantage over other virtualization technologies that require installation on top of a standard operating system which will be filled with drivers and features you won t need It is important to verify the hardware on which you will be running your virtualized environment because VMware does not directly support smaller desktop related hard ware However everything that a server needs is well supported This is a sleek oper ating system designed to put as little as possible between the virtual machines and the hardware Refer to the VMware Hardwa
8. flow Additional troubleshooting is now available via SPAN and LLDP Storage profiles Allows for streamlining the storage provisioning process and allows for the VMware administrator to mass scale the storage within the environment 4 Chapter 1 VMware Infrastructure Installation 1 3 Convergence from ESX to ESXi with vSphere 5 0 VMware started to get the community familiar with ESXi back with ESXi 3 5 and has continued to develop and evolve the product over the course of the past few years In 2010 VMware stated that it would be moving to the ESXi platform in 2011 thus elim inating the older ESX version Here we outline the changes and benefits from this convergence A smaller and more efficient platform Older versions of ESX were based on the Red Hat Linux operating system VMware utilized this as the OS layer in which its VMkernel and application stack lived Today by removing the Red Hat OS VMware was able to remove 2 3GB of OS that wasn t required to run ESXi so the installation size is now around 100MB This switch means that less security and update patches need to be applied to the ESXi server Simple deployment Because the installation is only around 100MB the complex setup routine has been removed Now the installation can be done within minutes Improved management and API ESXi has a built in API that allows third party application vendors to build plug ins No longer do you need to install each plug in on the E
9. have two different options Figure 1 12 Create a standalone VMware vCenter Server This option will install vCenter server in standalone mode or if this is the first installation select this option Join a VMware vCenter Server Group using linked mode to share information Select this option if you will be joining the vCenter server to an existing vCenter server to create a linked group 22 Chapter 1 VMware Infrastructure Installation a ai je VMware vCenter Server Database Options Select an ODBC data source for vCenter Server Figure 1 9 vCenter Server Database selection ji VMware vCenter Server vCenter Server Service Enter the vCenter Server service account information Figure 1 10 vCenter Server Database credentials Once you have chosen the method of installation you wish to use click the Next button to continue Next configure the ports that vCenter Server will use Figure 1 13 and click Next to continue The default ports will be acceptable here unless you have specific requirements for your vCenter Server installation 1 9 vCenter Server 5 0 Installation 23 Jl yr ig VMware vCenter Server Destination Folder Select the destination locations to install Figure 1 11 vCenter destination folders iz VMware vCenter Server vCenter Server Linked Mode Options Install this VMware vCenter Server instance in linked mode or stan
10. normally They are not aware of the presence of other virtual installations that exist on the same hardware Each acts as if it is installed on a predefined piece of equipment by itself with the virtualization layer controlling what the virtual installation sees and how it interacts with other equipment outside of its control Basically the virtual installation looks feels acts and is administered exactly the same as a standard installation from the inside but it may be manipulated and configured easily and alongside others from the outside Here is the coolest part virtualization as provided by sophisticated systems like VMware also allows you to pool the resources of several physical machines and then divide them up however you want or need If you have 10 physical servers each with 4 processors 4GB of RAM and an 80GB hard drive you can segment those resources to provide a small and low powered server for your in house email a powerful and high memory processor for the number crunchers in accounting multiple load balanced servers for your web server a separate server for your database and so on each with a configuration of memory disk space processor power and so on specific for its needs Then if you discover that one virtual server has more resources than it really needs and another doesn t have enough you can change the configuration quick ly easily and without taking your servers offline You can take a physical server o
11. 00 3100 3300 5100 5300 5200 5400 5500 5600 7100 7300 7200 7400 and 7500 processors e 2GB of RAM minimum One or more gigabit or 10Gb Ethernet controllers check hardware compatibility matrix e Basic SCSI controllers such as Adaptec Ultra 160 or Ultra 320 LSI Logic Fusion MPT or most NCR Symbios SCSI e RAID controllers such as Dell PERC Adaptec RAID or LSI MegaRAID HP Smart Array RAID or IBM Adaptec ServeRAID controllers e SATA disk drives connected behind supported SAS controllers or supported on board SATA controllers e Dedicated SAN disk on Fibre Channel or iSCSI e USB devices This list represents the minimum requirements to install ESXi but many more devices are available To ensure complete compatibility search for your specific hardware at the aforementioned URL 14 Chapter 1 VMware Infrastructure Installation You can download the ESXi ISO image from a VMware site or use an alternative method such as PXE boot Kickstart or VMware Auto Deploy VMware has done a great job of streamlining the installation of ESXi If you are familiar with installing older versions of ESX this will be a breeze After booting to the installation CD ROM you ll notice a blue screen titled ThinESXi Installer that looks similar to the bootloader in Linux Once the initial boot has completed the installer will present a couple of options you can choose to cancel the installation upgrade an existing installation or per
12. 0Gb and 1Gb Ethernet ports 6x 10Gb Ports amp 4x 1Gb Ports Infiniband ports refer to VMware Community Support N A third party drivers available from Mellanox Technologies Table 1 15 VMDirect path limits Value Item vSphere 5 x maximum VMDirectPath PCI PCle devices per host 8 VMDirectPath PCI PCle devices per virtual machine 4 1 4 VMware ESXi 5 0 Configuration Maximums 9 Table 1 16 vSphere standard and distributed switch maximums Value Item vSphere 5 x maximum Total virtual network switch ports per host VDS and VSS ports 4 096 Maximum active ports per host VDS and VSS 1 016 Virtual network switch creation ports per standard switch 4 088 Port groups per standard switch 256 Distributed virtual network switch ports per vCenter Instance 30 000 Static port groups per vCenter Instance 5 000 Ephemeral port groups per vCenter 256 Hosts per VDS switch 350 Distributed switches per vCenter instance 32 Table 1 17 Networking concurrent operations Value Item vSphere 5 x maximum Concurrent vMotion operations per host 1Gb s network 4 Concurrent vMotion operations per host 10Gb s network 8 Table 1 18 Cluster High Availability HA and DRS maximums Value Item vSphere 5 x maximum Physical ESXi hosts per cluster 32 Virtual machines per cluster 3 000 Virtual machines per host 512 Maximum concurrent host HA failover 32 Failover as percentage of cluster 100 Resource pools per cluster 1 600 Table 1
13. 73 173 174 174 176 177 178 178 180 184 185 186 187 188 190 191 Table of Contents v 5 32 5 33 5 34 5 35 5 36 6 General Security 6 16 6 17 6 18 6 19 6 20 6 21 6 22 6 23 6 24 6 25 6 26 7 Automating ESXi Installations Configuring Hardware iSCSI Options Upgrading Software VIBs Displaying Storage Path Information Managing SCSI Device Mappings with ESXi5 vSphere Managing VMkernel Ports Enabling SSH on ESX 3 5 ESX 4 x Enabling Direct Root Logins on Your ESX Server Adding Users and Groups Allowing or Denying Users the Use of SSH Turning On the Message of the Day for Console Users Changing the Root Password via the Console Recovering a Lost Root Password Disabling Direct Root Console Logins Securing the GRUB Bootloader Menu Disabling USB Drive Mounting Opening and Closing Firewall Ports via the Console Checking Default ESX Ports Turning on SNMP for Remote Administration Using SNMP Version 3 Using Sudo Configuring Sudo Tracking Users via the CLI Configuring Active Directory Authentication Setting a Maximum Number of Failed Logins Limiting Access to the Su Command Setting User Password Aging Disabling Copy and Paste Disabling Disk Shrinking on Virtual Machines Disabling Unneeded Devices Preventing Unwanted Device Additions and Removals Disabling VMware Tools Settings Override Selecting a Different Boot Option with ESXi 5 x Building a Kickstart Configuration File for Automated
14. 8 1449314477 for release details Nutshell Handbook the Nutshell Handbook logo and the O Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O Reilly Media Inc VMware Cookbook the image of a leatherback sea turtle and related trade dress are trademarks of O Reilly Media Inc Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks Where those designations appear in this book and O Reilly Media Inc was aware of a trademark claim the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book the publisher and authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions or for damages resulting from the use of the information con tained herein ISBN 978 1 449 3 1447 7 Malloy 1339014310 PROT ACO sci icra aa eG ease nates Sees sO RA An aiaos COS ie ee a 1 VMware Infrastructure Installation 1 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 1 10 1 11 1 12 1 13 1 14 2 Storage 2 2 2 2 3 2 4 235 2 6 2 7 2 8 2 9 2 10 2 11 2 12 Table of Contents What Is VMware Infrastructure 5 What Is VMware vSphere 5 0 Convergence from ESX to ESXi with vSphere 5 0 VMware ESXi 5 0 Configuration Maximums VMware ESXi 5 0 Server Overview VMware ESXi 5 0 Overview VMware ESXi 5 0 Installation VMware vCenter Server 5 0 Overview vCenter Server 5 0 Installation VMware vCenter Client 5 x Overview vCenter
15. Client 5 x Installation vCenter 5 0 Web Client Installation vSphere 5 0 License Changes vConverter Comparing ESXi Storage Options Selecting the Virtual Machine Datastore Location Storage Runtime Naming Scheme Creating a Network for the Software iSCSI Initiator Configuring Software iSCSI on ESXi Configuring Hardware iSCSI with an HBA Configuring iSCSI in Windows Virtual Machines Opening Firewall Ports for an ESXi iSCSI Software Initiator Multipathing with iSCSI Adding Fibre Channel Storage in ESXi Creating a Raw Device Mapping for Virtual Machines Creating a VMkernel Port for Access to NFS Datastores 2 13 2 14 2 15 2 16 2 17 2 18 2 19 2 20 2 21 2 22 2 23 2 24 2 25 Configuring ESXi to Use NFS Creating a VMFS Volume in vCenter Performing a Storage Rescan Creating a VMFS Volume via the Command Line Viewing the Files that Define a VMFS Volume Increasing the VMFS Volume Capacity Reading VMFS Metadata Creating a Diagnostic Partition Removing Storage Volumes from ESXi Determining whether a VMFS Datastore Is on a Local or SAN Disk Adjusting Timeouts When Adding Storage in vCenter Setting Disk Timeouts in Windows Renaming Datastores By NEUWOIKING ane astenn ares aries eniiass A E 3 15 3 16 3 17 3 18 3 19 Configuring ESXi Network Ports and the Firewall Creating a vSwitch for Virtual Machines Removing a Virtual Switch Adding VMotion to Enable Virtual Machine Migration Modifying the Speed of a Network
16. Deployments Differences Between ESXi 4 x and ESXi 5 x Kickstart Commands Advanced Installation Scripting Using firstboot Advanced Installation Scripting Using pre Advanced Installation Scripting Using post Methods of Upgrading ESX 4 0 Classic to ESXi 5 0 Upgrading ESXi 4 x to ESXi 5 0 via CD DVD 192 193 194 201 202 205 205 206 207 209 211 211 212 214 215 216 217 219 221 223 224 225 226 229 231 232 233 237 238 239 239 240 241 241 242 249 250 252 253 254 255 vi Table of Contents 7 9 Installing vSphere Auto Deploy 258 7 10 Formatting a USB Key for ESXi Installations 264 8 vCloud Director Overview cecceeeecceeeeeeeeeeeeeeneeeenens 267 8 1 What Is vCloud Director 267 8 2 What s New in vCloud Director 1 5 270 8 3 vCloud Director Maximums 272 8 4 vCloud Director Requirements 273 8 5 vCloud Director Evaluation Appliance 276 8 6 Deploying vShield Manager 286 8 7 Attaching vCloud Director to the vCenter Server 295 8 8 Creating a Provider Virtual Datacenter 299 8 9 Allocating External Network Resources 303 8 10 Adding Network Pools for Virtual Datacenters 306 9 vSphere Storage Appliance cece ccc e eect eee eee ee eeneeees 311 9 1 What Is the vSphere Storage Appliance 311 9 2 vSphere Storage Appliance Requirements 312 9 3 Installation of the vSphere Storage Appliance 314 9 4 vSphere Storage Appliance Cluster Creation Process 317 INDE isn aces Seb Ua as
17. ESXi server NICs that can be associated with or bound to the software iSCSI stack Number of total paths on a physical ESXi server Number of paths to a LUN software and hardware iSCSI Qlogic iSCSI dynamic targets per adapter port Qlogic iSCSI static targets per adapter port Broadcom 1Gb iSCSI HBA targets per adapter port Broadcom 10Gb iSCSI HBA targets per adapter port Software iSCSI targets vSphere 5 x maximum 256 4 4 4 8 1 024 64 62 64 128 25 Table 1 6 NAS storage maximums Value Item vSphere 5 x maximum NFS mounts per physical ESXi host 256 Table 1 7 Fibre Channel storage maximums Value Item vSphere 5 x maximum LUNs per physical ESXi host 256 LUD ID per physical ESXi host 255 Number of paths to a LUN 32 Number of total paths on an ESXi host 1 024 Number of HBAs of any type 8 HBA ports per physical ESXi server 16 Targers per HBA adapter 256 1 4 VMware ESXi 5 0 Configuration Maximums 7 Table 1 8 FCoE storage maximums Value Item Software FCoE adapters 4 vSphere 5 x maximum Table 1 9 VMFS storage maximums Value Item Volumes per ESXi host Physical hosts per volume Powered on virtual machines per VMFS volume vSphere 5 x maximum 256 64 2 048 Table 1 10 VMFS 3 storage maximums Value Item Volume size Raw device mapping size virtual Raw device mapping size physical Block size File size 1MB Block Size File size 1MB Block Size File size 1MB Bl
18. If the vCenter server will be handling more than 2 000 virtual machines click the check box to increase the number of ephemeral ports available within vCenter Server i VMware vCenter Server Ready to Install the Program The wizard is ready to begin installation Figure 1 16 vCenter Server install summary 26 Chapter1 VMware Infrastructure Installation 1 10 VMware vCenter Client 5 x Overview The vCenter client is used to manage individual ESXi hosts as well as to provide an administration interface to the vCenter server It is included with the vCenter server download 1 11 vCenter Client 5 x Installation vCenter Client requirements are One of the following 32 bit or 64 bit operating systems Windows 7 Windows 7 SP1 Windows 2003 Server with SP2 Windows 2003 Server R2 Windows 2008 R2 Windows 2008 R1 with SP1 e NET Framework 3 5 SP1 this is included with the vCenter Client installer e 1 CPU 500MHz Intel or AMD X86 processor 1GHz CPU recommended 1GB RAM minimum 2GB recommended e 2GB storage space for the basic installation e 1Gb network connection The vCenter client is normally installed along with the vCenter server installation However it is possible to install the vCenter client by itself on other computers by going to https youresxserver client VMware viclient exe and downloading the client instal ler Once you ve downloaded it run the application The ins
19. SX console which was required with previous releases of ESX VMware has also developed a remote com mand line interface RCLI to run the familiar commands that were present on the ESX 3 x and 4 x consoles 1 4 VMware ESXi 5 0 Configuration Maximums VMware s vSphere ESXi 5 x has limits within which it can operate We feel it is important to include this information so that you have it at your disposal prior to installing ESXi 5 0 or vCenter These values are crucial when planning your virtual environment and we suggest you read through them to become familiar with the dif ferent limits We ve included all relevant publicly provided values from VMware for reference Tables 1 1 through 1 23 Table 1 1 Virtual machine maximums Value Item vSphere 5 x maximum Number of virtual CPUs per virtual machine 32 RAM per virtual machine 11B Virtual machine swap file size 11B Virtual SCSI adapters per virtual machine 4 Virtual SCSI targets per virtual SCSI adapter 15 1 4 VMware ESXi 5 0 Configuration Maximums 5 Value Item Virtual SCSI targets per virtual machine Virtual disks per virtual machine PVSCSI Virtual disk size Number of IDE controllers per virtual machine Number of IDE devices per virtual machine Number of floppy devices per virtual machine Number of floppy controllers per virtual machine Number of virtual NICs per virtual machine Number of serial ports per virtual machine Number of remote consoles to a virtual m
20. Use dynamic IP address and network configuration Figure 1 5 IP configuration screen Configure Keyboard ESXi supports different keyboard layouts English is the default but you can select from French German Russian and Japanese View Support Information No configurable options are available in this menu however it provides a general location for your ESXi server s license key serial number and SSL footprint and the URL to VMware s support website View System Logs There are three options available here for viewing log entries You can view system messages config and management agent hostd logs Restart Management Agents From time to time it may be necessary to restart the management agents on the ESXi host without restarting the server itself If the management agents are restarted all remotely connected clients such as vCenter clients and the vCen ter server will be disconnected It s important to note that in your vCenter server the host will show as dis connected while the management network restarts however your virtual machines will continue to be unaffected Reset Customized Settings Resetting the customized settings will reset all the variables on the ESXi server to factory defaults 4 The DNS servers and hostname will need to be configured as well Select the DNS Configuration menu as shown Figure 1 6 Primary DNS Server This will be the primary DNS server inside your network Alternati
21. achine Number of USB controllers per virtual machine Number of USB devices connected to a virtual machine Number of parallel ports per virtual machine Number of USB 3 0 devices connected to a virtual machine Number of xHCI USB controllers Maximum amount of video memory per virtual machine vSphere 5 x maximum 60 60 2TB 512 bytes 1 N e 128MB Table 1 2 Compute maximums Value Item Logical CPUs per physical ESXi host Virtual Machines per physical ESXi host Virtual CPUs per physical ESXi host Virtual CPUs per physical ESXi core Fault tolerance virtual disks per physical ESXi host Fault tolerance virtual CPUs per physical ESXi host Maximum RAM per fault tolerant virtual machines vSphere 5 x maximum 160 512 2 048 25 16 1 64GB Maximum Fault Tolerant virtual machines per physical ESXi host 4 Table 1 3 Memory maximums Value Item RAM per physical ESXi host 21B Number of swap files per physical ESXi host Maximum swap file size 11B vSphere 5 x maximum 1 per virtual machine 6 Chapter1 VMware Infrastructure Installation Table 1 4 Virtual disk storage maximums Value Item vSphere 5 x maximum Virtual disks per physical ESXi host 2 048 Table 1 5 iSCSI physical storage maximums Value Item LUNs per physical ESXi server Qlogic 1Gb iSCSI HBA initiator ports per ESXi server Broadcom 1Gb iSCSI HBA initiator ports per ESXi server Broadcom 10Gb iSCSI HBA initiator ports per
22. ake sure you have a keyboard and monitor plugged into the ESXi server Press F2 to access the menu based configuration utility which will be the main screen in which all ESXi configurations will take place Figure 1 2 1 7 VMware ESXi 5 0 Installation 15 System Customization Conf igure Lockdoun Mode Conf igure Management Netuork Restart Management Netuork Test Managenent Network Restore Netuork Settings Restore Standard Suitch Conf igure Keyboard Troubleshoot ing Opt ions View Systen Logs View Support Information Reset Systen Configuration onf igure Password Conf igure Passuord lt Esc gt Log Out Figure 1 2 ESXi management menu 2 This is the first option that will need to be configured because it is not set by default The password you set here will be the default for the root user account Figure 1 3 Configure Root Password ting prevent the p unaut he Old Password ew Password if Confirm Password the s to root in name will this host lt Enter gt OK lt Esc gt Cancel Figure 1 3 Changing the password 3 By default ESXi will be configured to use the Dynamic Host Configuration Pro tocol DHCP and will automatically attempt to configure the IP address However you can bypass this and set your network to use a static IP address using the tools provided in the management network interface Using a static IP address is recommen
23. cations ranging from very small localized instal lations with just a handful of servers to exceptionally large server farms in major cor porations It is robust scalable easy to administer and flexible It is also small and fast which means the virtual installations running on top of it have more processor power and other resources available to them than they would if they were using some of the more resource heavy virtualization software available Unlike some of the other hosted virtualization products you may be familiar with including the company s well known VMware server VMware vSphere 5 does not re quire any other operating system Most virtualization platforms begin with a Linux Unix Mac OS X or Windows platform install their product on top of it and then begin segmenting the resources from there This is how a developer may run a copy of Windows on top of her laptop s base installation of Linux perhaps using a product like VMware server Xen or VirtualBox vSphere is designed to be installed on bare metal as the base operating system This design choice eliminates a layer of software between the virtual installations and the hardware and results in faster smoother performance 1 2 What Is VMware vSphere 5 0 In August 2011 VMware launched ESXi 5 0 which now falls under the vSphere 5 0 suite of products vSphere 5 0 encapsulates both vCenter Server and ESXi 5 0 along with other products that we don t discuss in this
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25. dalone mode Figure 1 12 Choosing the vCenter installation type 9 Next configure the vCenter Server inventory ports Figure 1 14 Again the default ports will be acceptable here unless there are specific requirements for your vCenter Server installation Click Next to continue 24 Chapter 1 VMware Infrastructure Installation ig VMware vCenter Server Configure Ports Enter the connection information for vCenter Server Figure 1 13 Configure vCenter Server ports 10 ie VMware vCenter Server Configure Ports for Inventory Service Enter port numbers for Inventory Service IV Clean the existing database for Inventory Service es eee ees eed Figure 1 14 vCenter Server inventory ports Next set the Java JVM web server s memory configuration Figure 1 15 This setting will allocate a specific amount of memory on the vCenter server for Java If there is enough memory available on the vCenter server select the large install option to prevent issues in the future if your environment will grow For most installations the small or medium option will be fine 1 9 vCenter Server 5 0 Installation 25 Jl yr fe VMware vCenter Server vCenter Server JVM Memory Select vCenter Server Web services JVM memory configuration Figure 1 15 vCenter Server JVM configuration 11 Finally click Install to begin the installation Figure 1 16
26. de per VUM server ESXi host upgrade per cluster vSphere 5 x maximum 1 000 10 000 70 90 24 90 24 75 75 75 75 75 71 71 1 1 4 VMware ESXi 5 0 Configuration Maximums 11 Table 1 23 vCloud director maximums Value Item vSphere 5 x maximum Virtual machine count 20 000 Powered on virtual machine count 10 000 Organizations 10 000 Virtual machines per vApp 64 vApps per organization 500 Number of networks 7 500 Hosts 2 000 vCenter servers 25 Virtual data centers 10 000 Datastores 1 024 Catalogs 1 000 Media 1 000 Users 10 000 See Also Recipes 1 7 and 1 11 1 5 VMware ESXi 5 0 Server Overview VMware s ESXi server is the foundation for every other piece of the virtualization pack age It s the hypervisor or main software layer that installs on the bare metal and allows everything above it to communicate with the hardware to allow virtualization It used to be that when you installed VMware ESXi you were actually installing two main components the VMkernel and the Service Console This has changed slightly as we will now explain The VMkernel is the base on which all other software in the package is built the op erating system For those familiar with Linux this would be the equivalent of and is built from the Linux kernel without any other software The changes in ESXi 5 0 have removed the Service Console that existed in ESX 3 x and 4 x Today a minimum configuration can be done at the provided
27. ded 16 Chapter 1 VMware Infrastructure Installation As shown in Figure 1 4 the management network offers a few options to configure your ESXi server Netuork Adapters Network Adapters vanicO 60 0c 29 7f 3a 5d vmnic3 00 0c 29 f 3a b lt Enter gt Ch VMuare ESXi 5 0 0 VMKernel Release Figure 1 4 Management network configuration The Network Adapters option allows you to select which network adapter to use for the service console IP address if you have more than one interface available the interfaces will be labeled vmnicO vmnic1 etc You also have the option to configure your service console IP address to use a specific VLAN This is an optional setting The next option on the list is IP Configuration Here you have the option to con figure a DHCP or a static IP address Choosing the latter will allow you to enter the basic information needed such as the IP address subnet mask and gateway Figure 1 5 Restart Management Network Making changes to a static IP address or renewing a DHCP lease on the net work may require a restart of the management network Test Management Network Testing the management network will bring up a menu allowing you to per form ping tests to resolve DNS entries 1 7 VMware ESXi 5 0 Installation 17 IP Configuration This 9st can obtain network settings automatically if your network includes S r If not you must specify these settings o
28. e password you have chosen for your administrator account vSphere Web Client URL This will be the URL used to access the web client 6 You can now log in to the interface at https webclientserver 9443 vsphere cli ent which allows you to log in with your vCenter credentials and start managing your virtual machines 1 13 vSphere 5 0 License Changes VMware has made some modifications to its license model with the release of vSphere 5 0 In this section we ll take a look at those changes and what will be required to upgrade from vSphere 4 x or ESX 3 x vSphere 5 0 is still based on the per socket license but now also includes a VRAM entitlement This means the license scheme will take a holistic approach removing all CPU and memory limitations and then taking all the servers managed via vCenter into consideration when calculating the available licenses This change allows customers to purchase servers with different CPU socket configurations without having to purchase expensive licensing if they do not plan to use the additional sockets or memory Instead the available resources inside vCenter will be used to create a pool of resources that each ESXi server will use VMware has implemented a compliance policy to maintain an accurate license model Each physical CPU must be licensed and will calculate a 12 month average of consumed vRAM rather than a high water mark If the amount of vRAM is over the amount in the pool additional lic
29. enses will be required If an upgrade is required a customer can upgrade all the CPU licenses to a license with a higher vRAM allotment 28 Chapter 1 VMware Infrastructure Installation In the following we will take a look at the changes and how they will affect each part of the vSphere environment CPU restrictions The new license model requires at least one CPU in the physical server vRAM entitlements vRAM is the amount of RAM allocated to a virtual machine For example if you create a virtual machine with 2GB RAM that will translate into 2GB of vRAM It is possible to overallocate VRAM on a single ESXi server regardless of the amount of physical RAM as long as the resources are available from a vVRAM perspective vRAM per VM RAM that is allocated to a virtual machine will pull from the vRAM license pool which allocates a maximum amount of 96GB to each virtual machine Thus if a virtual machine was allocated 128GB of vRAM it will only take 96GB from your license pool 1 14 vConverter vConverter is a free application available from VMware that allows you to transform your physical servers into virtual servers easily moving them from their own machines into your VMware system There are two ways this can be done In a cold migration you power down a server and convert it while it is offline With vConverter however you can also perform a hot migration which allows you to convert and migrate a live operating server while it
30. equires 259MB on your hard drive It has 1 of 1 subfeatures selected The subfeatures require 29KB on your hard drive InstallShield Help lt O o en e Figure 1 18 vCenter Converter custom setup e HTTPS Service Port 443 e HTTP Service Port 80 e Agent Service Port 9089 When you are satisfied with the ports click Next to continue the installation i YMware Center Converter Standalone x Mware yCenter Converter Standalone Port Settings Specify the VMware vCenter Converter Standalone Web Service Ports HTTPS Service Port 443 Remote Converter clients connect to this port on the server and submit conversion tasks HTTP Service Port Remote machines connect to the server through this port to download the Converter client Agent Service Port foss Remote Converter agents connect to this port to convert this machine Installshield 4 Cancel lt Back i Figure 1 19 vCenter Converter custom ports 7 You are now ready to proceed with the installation Click Install to continue 1 14 vConverter 31 8 When the installation has completed you will have the option to automatically launch the vCenter Converter client Click the Finish button to complete the installation 32 Chapter 1 VMware Infrastructure Installation O Reilly Ebooks Your bookshelf on your devices PDF Mobi APK DAISY When you buy an ebook through oreilly
31. ervations in Resource Pools Creating a Cluster Adding Hosts to a Cluster Enabling Hyperthreading on a Virtual Machine Enabling DRS in a Cluster Understanding Cluster States and Warnings Using ESXi CPU RAM Hot Add Hotplug Support Surviving a vCenter Server Failure or Outage Entering Maintenance Mode via the Command Line Displaying Server Information Viewing the ESXi Version Changing the Virtual Disk from BusLogic to LSI Logic Hiding the VMware Tools Icon Viewing Disk Partitions via the Console Monitoring CPU Usage Monitoring Memory Monitoring Storage Performance Monitoring Network Usage Managing Virtual Switches Generating a Logfile for VMware Support Checking ESXi Patches Enabling NTP in the vCenter Changing the ESXI Server s Time Restarting the vCenter Agent Finding Virtual Machine Snapshots Renaming a Virtual Machine via the vCenter Setting ESXi Options Using the Command Line Configuring Authentication Choices Using the Command Line Manipulating the Crash Dump Partition Configuring a Firewall on the Command Line Managing ESXi Driver Modules Configuring Storage Multipathing Managing NFS Mounts Managing Disk Volumes Configuring Ethernet Adapters Rescanning Host Bus Adapters Managing Add ons from the Command Line Managing VMkernel Network Routes Configuring Software iSCSI Options 122 124 125 128 130 134 135 139 140 141 145 145 146 148 149 151 151 152 155 160 162 163 166 167 169 172 1
32. extent This is a massive improvement over the VMFS 4 filesystem which could only scale up to 2TB using one extent Storage distributed resource scheduler Storage distributed resource scheduler DRS allows the storage system to take advantage of resource aggregation automated placement and the ability to avoid bottlenecks By creating datastore clusters you can create a load balanced scenario that allows the VMDK files to be placed on the storage system with less I O load Enhanced network I O control Administrators can now create user defined network resource pools giving the ability to create multitenant environments and the ability to bridge virtual and physical infrastructures with QoS per resource using 802 1 tagging vSphere auto deploy Administrators with large ESXi installations can simplify their deployments by creating a set of rules These rules can be used to upgrade ESXi versions by simply rebooting the physical server Virtual machine hardware improvements Virtual machines can now scale up to 32 virtual SMP processors and up to 1TB of RAM There is also support for 3D graphics UEFI virtual BIOS and USB support Physical node improvements Physical hosts can now have up to 2TB of memory 160 logical CPUs and 512 virtual machines Distributed switch improvements With the improvements in the vSphere 5 distributed switches administrators now have a deeper and more granular view into the virtual machine traffic using Net
33. ffline for maintenance without losing access to any of your virtual servers and their functions You can move resources in and out and around your pool as needed and even auto matically These are the sorts of things we will discuss in this book There are many companies that provide powerful and stable virtualization platforms but we have found VMware s offerings to be wonderfully stable flexible easy to set up maintain and well supported We like VMware If you are reading this book you probably do too but chances are you want to make better use of its potential than you are doing now either that or you have been asked to set it up or maintain it and you are wondering how to get started Whatever your reason if you use VMware at all we hope you will find this book useful and practical 1 1 What Is VMware Infrastructure 5 VMware Inc is a company headquartered in Palo Alto California with over 11 000 employees and about 300 000 customers including 100 of the Fortune 100 In 2007 it had revenues of over 1 33 billion In 2010 that number was up to 1 4 billion VMware is a rapidly growing company that began in 1998 and now has more than 300 000 customers and over 25 000 partnerships with companies ranging from some what small to extremely large 2 Chapter 1 VMware Infrastructure Installation VMware vSphere 5 is easily the most widely used virtualization platform today It is well tested and has been used in appli
34. form a fresh ESXi installation Figure 1 1 Once you have selected the appropriate installation type you will be shown the end user license agreement EULA Press F11 to accept and continue the installation Welcome to the VMware ESXi 5 0 0 Installation VMware ESXi 5 0 0 installs on most systems but only systems on VMuare s Compatibility Guide are supported Consult the VMuare Compatibility Guide at http uuu ynuare comn resources compat ibility Select the operation to perforn Figure 1 1 ESXi initial installation Select the disk on which you wish to install ESXi Typically this will be a local disk Also make sure you have disconnected all your Fibre Channels or isCSI SANs and direct attached storage if connected to prevent any accidental data removal Once you ve selected the disk the installation will begin and will take only a few minutes When it is complete remove the CD ROM and reboot the system If you are installing with PXE or another automated tool reboot once the installation is completed ESXi requires a little more configuration after the initial install because the only thing being configured during installation is the disk on which the hypervisor is going to be installed Once the new ESXi server has been rebooted you will notice a screen that is similar to the ESXi console screen but with two new options F11 to reboot the system and F2 to manage the system 1 To begin configuration m
35. ing ESXi over the standard ESXi product are that it s extremely light weight and installs quickly it can be purchased on some servers from Dell and other vendors as an embedded option it has no service console and it requires less patching and maintenance ESXi is also available for free and includes the basic functions needed to start a virtual environment 1 6 VMware ESXi 5 0 Overview 13 1 7 VMware ESXi 5 0 Installation VMware customers who have received a preinstalled OEM version of ESXi may have vendor specific customizations and drivers These versions will be different from the downloadable version on VMware s website Before you get started installing ESXi you should verify that your hardware is fully compatible by visiting the following URL because VMware s ESXi product has a much smaller compatibility list than its older ESXi model http www vmware com resources compatibility search php ESXi 5 0 can also be installed and virtualized within the VMware Workstation and VMware Fusion This allows you to install test and get a feel for the products before implementing them on physical hardware Va SS ESXi 5 0 has the following CPU requirements it will run and install only aS on 64 bit x86 CPUs it requires at least two cores and it supports only 4e LAHF and SAHF CPU instructions VMware ESXi 5 0 has the following requirements e Supports all AMD Opteron processors e Supports all Intel Xeon 3000 32
36. is in use VMware Converter also allows you to take older virtual machines and migrate them into a new network while upgrading them to the current version The installation of vConverter is pretty straightforward vCenter Converter Standalone 5 x components client server and agent can be installed on the following platforms e Windows XP Professional 32 bit and 64 bit e Windows Server 2003 SP2 R2 32 bit and 64 bit e Windows Vista 32 bit and 64 bit e Windows Server 2008 32 bit and 64 bit e Windows Server 2008 R2 64 bit e Windows 7 32 bit and 64 bit vConverter can be downloaded from the following URL registration is required to download http vmware com download converter 1 14 vConverter 29 To install vConverter on Windows 1 Download the Windows executable file 2 Run the installer and click Next at the introduction screen 3 Accept the license agreement by checking I accept the terms in the license agree ment Click Next to continue 4 Choose the directory in which to install the files The installer will default to C Program Files WMware VMware vCenter Converter Standalone Once you re satisfied click Next to continue the installation 5 Select the type of installation you want to do There are two options here Fig ure 1 17 Local installation This installs vCenter Converter on the server It allows you to create and man age conversion tasks from this local server onl
37. low these steps L Either insert the CD ROM and let autorun exe start the installation or manually run the autorun exe which is located in the ZIP file that you downloaded Fig ure 1 7 Click Next to continue fe VMware vCenter Server xj Welcome to the installation wizard for VMware vCenter Server The installation wizard will install VMware vCenter Server on this computer To continue dick Next VMware vCenter Server 5 0 This program is protected by copyright law and international treaties next gt cane Figure 1 7 vCenter Server installation 2 The introduction page tells you the benefits of vCenter Server Once you have read these click Next to continue Read the license agreement and accept it by clicking I accept the terms in the license agreement The radio button next to this statement will now show a dot Click Next to continue the installation You will now be prompted to enter information about your user account and com pany Figure 1 8 When you re done click Next to continue You are now ready to choose the database method Figure 1 9 Refer to the data base requirements list for the exact databases and versions that are supported For production installations VMware recommends that you do not use the Microsoft SQL Server Desktop Engine MSDE that is included with the installa tion because it s suitable only for sites containing at most 5 hos
38. ock Size File size 1MB Block Size Files per volume vSphere 5 x maximum 641B 2TB 512 bytes 2TB 512 bytes 8MB 256GB 512GB 1 024GB 2 048GB 30 720 files Table 1 11 VMFS 5 storage maximums Value Item Volume size Raw device mapping size virtual Raw device mapping size physical Block size File size Files per volume vSphere 5 x maximum 641B 2TB 512 bytes 641B 1MB 2TB 512 bytes 130 960 files 8 Chapter 1 VMware Infrastructure Installation Table 1 12 Storage DRS maximums Value Item vSphere 5 x maximum Virtual disks per datastore cluster 9 000 Datastores per datastore cluster 32 Datastore clusters per vCenter 256 Table 1 13 Storage concurrent operations Value Item vSphere 5 x maximum Concurrent vMotion operations per datastore 128 Concurrent storage vMotion operations per datastore 8 Concurrent storage vMotion operations per ESXi host 2 Concurrent non vMotion provisioning operations per host 8 Table 1 14 Networking physical NICs Value Item vSphere 5 x maximum e1000 1Gb Ethernet ports PCI x 32 e1000 1Gb Ethernet ports PCI e 24 igb 1Gb Ethernet ports Intel 16 tg3 1Gb Ethernet ports Broadcom 32 bnx2 1Gb Ethernet ports Broadcom 16 forcedeth 1Gb Ethernet ports NVIDIA 2 nx_nic 10Gb Ethernet ports NetXen 8 ixgbe 10Gb Ethernet ports Intel 8 bnx2x 10Gb Ethernet ports Broadcom 8 be2net 10Gb Ethernet ports Emulex 8 Combination of 1
39. re Compatibility list for ensure support for your hardware http www vmware com resources compatibility search php 1 6 VMware ESXi 5 0 Overview ESXi is a newer form of the technology that strips down the ESXi server even further to the absolute bare minimum possible It does not include or rely on a service console and it can perform its hypervisor duties with an installation that takes up a mere 32 MB of disk space In the ESX server the service console runs on top of the hypervisor alongside the installed virtual machines In ESXi the hypervisor is all you install on your hardware This allows for very fast hardware additions to existing pools Want to add a new server to your rack No problem Hook it up power it on install ESXi set your root password and networking details take a minute or two to configure the virtual network and you re all set This is an amazingly quick way to create or expand an existing ESXi hardware cluster Even more exciting than the installable version of ESXi is the embedded version It is now possible to buy hardware that is preconfigured with ESXi installed on it This completely eliminates the installation step and speeds up the configuration process Companies such as Dell which graciously allowed us to borrow some of its equipment as we were writing this book are now selling servers that require only a little more than racking cabling and powering on to expand your VMware cluster The benefits of us
40. tallation is very intuitive 1 12 vCenter 5 0 Web Client Installation The release of vSphere 5 0 has brought some exciting changes to the way you can manage your VMware environment Former web consoles weren t user friendly and administrators had to utilize the vCenter client install However with vSphere 5 0 this has changed Today there is a functional and useful interface that was written using Adobe Flex allowing for cross platform and browser compatibility We ll outline the steps here to install the web client on your vCenter server or an additional server if you wish 1 12 vCenter 5 0 Web Client Installation 27 1 Insert the vCenter installation disk or mount the ISO image Once the installer appears select the vSphere Web Client Server option 2 Follow the installation steps After you complete them additional options will need to be configured so the server can connect to your vCenter server 3 Navigate to https 127 0 0 1 9443 admin app inside your browser from the server you installed the Web Client on 4 Next you ll need to register the Web Client with your vCenter Server Click the Register vCenter server link in the upper right hand corner 5 A new window will appear Enter the credentials and click Register vCenter Server URL Enter the fully qualified name to the server on which you have vCenter Server installed Username Enter an administrator account inside vCenter Password Enter th
41. ther while still running schedule tasks and much more 1 9 vCenter Server 5 0 Installation To get started download vCenter Server from the VMware site The vCenter Server installation is pretty straightforward During the course of the in stallation you will be asked to enter some required information and make some crucial decisions about your environment We will walk you through those steps in this section 1 9 vCenter Server 5 0 Installation 19 The vCenter server can be installed on a physical server or as an alternative inside a virtual machine As infrastructure is consolidated into virtual environments it often makes sense to utilize the high availability of the vSphere platform The benefits of installing your vCenter server inside a virtual machine include taking advantage of HA inside the environment moving the virtual machine to new hardware without outages and using snapshots There are many opinions about installing inside a virtual machine we feel it makes sense Wa 7 It s worth mentioning that if you plan to install your vCenter database 43 on the same server as your vCenter server the system server require a ments will be larger However it is best practice to separate the vCenter server and the database server VMware vCenter 5 0 Server Requirements The vCenter server 5 0 requires a 64 bit operating system and will not install on a 32 bit operating system The supported 64 bit opera
42. ting systems are Microsoft Standard Enterprise or Datacenter 2003 SP2 R2 SP2 or 2008 SP2 R2 Minimum require ments are e A 2 0GHz or faster Intel or AMD X86 processor with two or more logical cores e 4GB or more of RAM e Minimum 6GB of disk space this includes vCenter and SQL if on the same server e 10 100 1000 Ethernet adapter gigabit recommended VMware vCenter 5 0 Server Database Requirements The vCenter server requires one of the following databases e IBM DB2 9 5 e IBM DB2 9 7 e Microsoft SQL Server 2005 32 bit Standard with SP3 e Microsoft SQL Server 2005 64 bit Enterprise with SP3 e Microsoft SQL Server 2008 64 bit Express R2 5 hosts and 50 virtual machines e Microsoft SQL Server 2008 R2 e Microsoft SQL Server 2008 32 bit or 64 bit Standard Enterprise e Microsoft SQL Server 2008 32 bit or 64 bit Standard Enterprise with SP1 e Oracle 10g 32 bit Standard Enterprise One R2 supported with version 10 2 0 3 0 or higher e Oracle 10g 64 bit Standard Enterprise One R2 requires version 10 2 0 4 20 Chapter 1 VMware Infrastructure Installation Oracle 11g 32 bit or 64 bit Standard Enterprise One R1 Oracle 11g 32 bit or 64 bit Standard Enterprise One R2 The vCenter server offers a few download options you may download an ISO image that can be burned to DVD or a ZIP file that can be extracted on the server on which you wish to install vCenter Server Once you have chosen your installation method fol
43. ts and 50 virtual machines 1 9 vCenter Server 5 0 Installation 21 fe VMware vCenter Server x Customer Information Please enter your information User Name Windows User Organization mo License key m Note If you do not enter a license key vCenter Server will be installed in evaluation mode InstallShield coe ces _ Figure 1 8 Entering customer information Assuming the installation will be in a production environment select the Use an existing database server option and fill in the necessary fields with your database s information keeping in mind the following e You must set up ODBC connections before you use Microsoft SQL Server or Oracle This can be accomplished in the Control Panel on Windows e The data source name DSN must be a system DSN e If you are using a local SQL server with Windows NT authentication make sure to leave the username and password fields blank Otherwise enter the username and password of the remote SQL server to which you are connecting as shown in Figure 1 10 Once you have entered your information successfully press the Next button to continue the installation are connecting Figure 1 10 6 Next select the destination folders for the vCenter server Figure 1 11 Click Next to continue 7 Now that the basic elements of the installation have been taken care of you must decide what pieces of the application to install You
44. ve DNS Server This will be the secondary DNS server inside your network Hostname This will be the hostname of this ESXi server 18 Chapter 1 VMware Infrastructure Installation DNS Configuration This host can only obtain DN tings automatically if it also obtains its IP configuration automatically Alternate DNS Server 172 32 100 3_ Figure 1 6 DNS configuration 5 You will now be able to manage this ESXi server via the vCenter client directly or add this host to an existing vCenter server for additional management See Also Recipe 1 4 1 8 VMware vCenter Server 5 0 Overview As virtual environments grow there comes a point when it becomes unwieldy to man age each ESXi server individually For some of us that happens right around the time the second ESXi server is added because we want to use our time for more interesting things rather than for repetitive procedures and maintenance VMware vCenter Server provides a central location for managing all of the virtual machines deployed inside the VMware vSphere infrastructure It is licensed and sold separately and requires a dedi cated Windows server or a Windows virtual machine and a database Oracle or Microsoft SQL Server Once installed and configured it will make the system admin istrator s life much easier VMware vCenter Server provides a way to distribute resour ces Manage users move virtual machines from one piece of physical hardware to ano
45. y Client Server installation advanced This option sets up a client server model for vCenter Converter Here you can install the individual client server and or agent pieces on the local server Figure 1 18 If you choose Local installation jump to step 7 otherwise continue to step 6 i YMware vCenter Converter Standalone Setup Type Click the type of setup you prefer then click Next Install Converter on this machine Use this option to create and manage conversion tasks From this local machine only Client Server installation advanced Set up a client server model for Converter Use this option to install the server client or the agent on this machine Installshield lt Back Cancel Figure 1 17 vCenter Converter setup types 6 The advanced installation choice gives you the option to specify which ports vCenter Converter will use Figure 1 19 The defaults are 30 Chapter1 VMware Infrastructure Installation i YMware Center Converter Standalone Custom Setup Select the components you want to install Click on an icon in the list below to change how a component is installed p Description Provides centralized management for all conversions ter server Remote access amp zj Converter agent The Converter server handles E v Converter client communication between clients and the Converter agent This feature r
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