Wiley Beginning C# 3.0: An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming
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1. I was informed that the download file size was 135MB and the expanded disk storage requirement was 1 2GB ISBN 978 0 470 26129 3 Title Beginning C 3 0 An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming SKU 9785CH0009874 Chapter 1 Getting Started F amp Microsoft Visual C 2008 Express Edition Setup Visual C 2008 Express Edition Select the optional productfs you would like to install MSDN Library for isual Studio 2008 Express Editions Download Size 72 MB The MSDN Express Library contains additional product documentation For all visual Studio Express Editions You can choose to install MSDN Express Library at a later time See the Readme for more information Microsoft SQL Server Compact 3 5 Download Size 1 6 MB SOL Server Compact 3 5 is a compact database that can be deployed with applications on desktop computers smart devices and Tablet PCs Microsoft SQL Server Compact 3 5 Design Tools Download Size 2 4 MB Tools for Visual Studio that allow you to work with SQL Server Compact 3 5 Y For more information see the Readme file Figure 1 3 Microsoft SQL Server and its associated tools are also useful especially if you plan to do any web development in the future Unless you have some severe disk space constraints you should install all the components You can always uninstall components later if you need to Once you ve decided on which components you wish to install click the Next butt2. Select New Project from the menu Your program screen changes as shown in Figure 1 6 ISBN 978 0 470 26129 3 Title Beginning C 3 0 An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming SKU 9785CH0009874 ISBN 978 0 470 26129 3 Start Page Microsoft Visual C 2005 Express Edition Edit view Tools Window Community Help Chapter 1 Getting Started G New Project Ctrl Shift N ER EPERE Open Project Ctrl Shift 0 t page v ae Open File Ctrl oO osoft isual C 2005 ress Edition Close ecent Projects Save All Ctrl Shift 5 Recent Files Recent Projects Project Project Exit Getting Started What s new in C 2005 Create Your First Application Use a Starter Kit How Dol Learn Visual C Connect With the Community Download Additional Content isual C Express Headlines Get Free NET 3 0 Training on WCF WPF WF MSDN isual C Express Edition XNA Gamefest Conference to be Webcast Fri 10 Aug 2007 18 44 13 GMT Can t make it to Gamefest this year No worries watch the keynote and XNA Game Studio track sessions online Dream Build Play Contest Finalists Announced Fri 10 Aug 2007 18 44 13 GMT Among hundreds of game submissions only 20 made the Final cut Check out some of the most innovative game ideas from across the world isual Studio Express 2008 Beta 2 Released Fri 27 Jul 2007 18 44 13 GMT Microsoft has released Beta 2 of the Visual
3. _ MaskedTextBox EE MonthCalendar a NotifyIcon 3 NumericUpDown lo PictureBox ED ProgressBar RadioButton a RichTextBox abl TextBox he ToolTip Treeview EJ WebBrowser Containers Menus amp Toolbars Data Components Printing Dialogs General Ready Figure 1 15 SLi CF a dh gt ae EC oN ae 2 er a FP E Toolbox A X Formi cs Design Start Page z X SMO Eee Teaco aE All Windows Forms Form My first program Running the Program This is all that you want to do at the present time to test your C installation If you can run the program at this point it s pretty certain that you have installed C correctly There are two simple ways to runa program The easiest is to press the F5 key If you do that the program should appear on the screen in a few moments with our message centered in the label object FS gt 2 P Solution TestProgram 1 projed E TestProgram Sa Properties Laj References ES Form1 cs a Formi Designer cs hS Formi resx 2 Program cs OH lt a Properties xXx Formi System Windows Forms F E zg RightToLeft No a RightToLeftLa False Showlcon True ShowInTaskba True E Size 300 300 SizeGripStyle Auto StartPosition WindowsDefaul Tag Pest TopMost False Vj Text The text associated with the control The second way is to click the Run Program icon If you look
4. Explorer Test A X All Windows Forms ES ac rols o Form1 E x DA Solution TestProgram 1 projed h Pointer a Oy Button Solution Explorer Window gt al Properties CheckBox H Sj References CheckedListBox Formlcs Program cs E ComboBox TA DateTimePicker A Label A LinkLabel ListBox 33 ListView MaskedTextBox pa MonthCalendar Lill i lt M gt a NotifyIcon 3 NumericUpDown Properties zi X TestProgram Project Propertie aa PictureBox Properties Window gt ProgressBar 2z RadioButton Toolbar Window Project File TestProgram cspra 25 RichTextBox R TextBox Da ToolTip i Treeview EJ WebBrowser Containers Menus amp Toolbars Data Project File nuna The name of the file containing Dialogs build configuration and other in General si Ready Figure 1 7 Back in the Dark Ages of programming you had to load and run a programming editor to write the program s source code Next you had to close the editor and load the language compiler program to check the program s statements for errors Then you had to load an assembler program to convert the source code to assembly language Finally you had to load and run a linker program to combine all the elements of your program into an executable program The Visual Studio IDE provides all of these functions within a single program This makes it much
5. can t position the text with the label object it s set for you automatically However because you turned off auto sizing you can position the text within the label wherever you wish Figure 1 14 shows how to do this using the TextAlign property If you look closely at Figure 1 14 you can see that TextAlign is currently set to TopLeft There are nine positions where you can place the text in a label that you can resize You want to right justify your text in the center of the label object If you look where the cursor is positioned in Figure 1 14 clicking that box right justifies the text in the label object Properties rli x label System Windows Forms L H A ae RightToLeft Mo 5 gize z232 23 Tablndex o Tag Text My first progi TopLeft within the label Figure 1 14 15 ISBN 978 0 470 26129 3 Title Beginning C 3 0 An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming SKU 9785CH0009874 Part I Getting Started After you have positioned the text within the label at the right place the form should look like what is shown in Figure 1 15 Notice how the text in the label object is now centered TestProgram Microsoft Visual C 2005 Express Edition File Edit view Project Build Debug Data Tools Window Community Help BEE Common Controls Button CheckBox 24 CheckedListBox ES ComboBox TA DateTimePicker A Label A LinkLabel EJ ListBox 33 ListView
6. carefully at Figure 1 15 right below the Window menu option near the top of the form you can see a small triangle On your screen it appears green The Run icon is also labeled in Figure 1 7 Click that green triangle and the program begins execution If your program does not run correctly and you re not getting an error message from within Visual Studio go back to the start of the installation process and check to make sure you followed each step correctly Likewise if you are getting an error message from Visual Studio you performed some step in the coding process incorrectly Just go back to the beginning of the A Test Program Using C Express section of this chapter and check each step to make sure you followed the correct sequence 16 ISBN 978 0 470 26129 3 Title Beginning C 3 0 An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming SKU 9785CH0009874 Chapter 1 Getting Started Summary In this chapter you learned how object oriented programming got its start over four decades ago This chapter also showed you how to download and install Visual Studio s C Express Edition Finally you wrote a simple program to test the installation to make sure it was done correctly So now what You could immediately proceed to the next chapter and start reading Not a good idea Now that you have a simple program up and running this is the perfect time to experiment a little For example your program doesn t have any text i
7. exercises can be completed using Microsoft s free Visual C 2008 Express or other tools Wrox Beginning guides are crafted to make learning programming languages and technologies easier than you think providing a structured tutorial format that will guide you through all the techniques involved Contents Part Getting Started Chapter 1 Getting Started Chapter 2 Understanding Objects Part Il Understanding C Syntax Chapter 3 Understanding Data Types Chapter 4 Understanding C Statements Chapter 5 Understanding Reference Data Types Chapter 6 Making Decisions in Code Chapter 7 Statement Repetition Using Loops Chapter 8 Arrays Part Ill Writing Your Own Classes Chapter 9 Designing Your Own Classes Chapter 10 Implementing Your Class Design Chapter 11 Exception Handling and Program Debugging Chapter 12 Generics Part IV Storing Data Chapter 13 Using Disk Data Files Chapter 14 Using Databases Chapter 15 Using Inheritance and Polymorphism Wrox An Imprint of WWILEY ISBN 978 0 470 26129 3 Title Beginning C 3 0 An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming SKU 9785CH0009874
8. the form so that when the program runs it displays the message My first program You need to add a label to the form object shown in the Source window in Figure 1 7 to hold your program message There are two ways to add a label object to a form First as shown in Figure 1 10 you can click the label object in the Toolbox and while holding the left mouse button down drag the label over to the form and release the mouse button Second you can simply double click the label object in the Toolbox The mouse double click causes Visual Studio to place a label object near the upper left hand corner of the form shown in the Source window You can click the label in the Source window while holding the left mouse button down and drag the label to wherever you want it to appear on the form object When you have positioned the label object where you want it on the form simply release the mouse button 12 ISBN 978 0 470 26129 3 Title Beginning C 3 0 An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming SKU 9785CH0009874 Chapter 1 Getting Started TestProgram Microsoft Visual C 2005 Express Edition jf X File Edit View Project Build Debug Data Tools Window Community Help ad ah OF hed 3 RA EPERE T SF 5a 8 BL DS he eke oto Oe eee oe Gt ay Toolbox A X Formi cs Design Start Page o Common Controls ES Form1 isiy Pointer _ Button CheckBox Bo CheckedListBox EA ComboBox Bs
9. 8 Express Edition Beta 2 Visual Studio 2008 Express Editions Beta 2 All In One DVD English Burning a Visual Studio 2008 Express Edition Beta 2 to CD or DVD Below are the steps required to burn an Express Edition to a CD or DVD e Download the Express Edition Image img file using the hyperlinks provided in the section above To burn the image directly to a CD or DVD you will need to install 3rd party software that is capable of understanding and burning image img files Most popular CD and DVD burning software such as Nero and Roxic provide support for burning images e Follow the vendor specific instructions to burn the image onto a CD Figure 1 1 ISBN 978 0 470 26129 3 Title Beginning C 3 0 An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming SKU 9785CH0009874 Part I Getting Started Depending upon the speed of your Internet connection the file should be saved on your system within a few minutes Installing C Express After the download completes click the executable file that was supplied the file was named vessetup exe when installed it but it could change You should see a screen similar to that shown in Figure 1 2 the C Express Edition installation screen F5 Microsoft Visual C 2008 Express Edition Setup Visual C 2008 Express Edition Welcome to the Microsoft Visual C Codename Orcas Express Edition installation wizard Microsoft visual C Codename Orcas Express is a Fun simple and e
10. BN 978 0 470 26129 3 Title Beginning C 3 0 An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming SKU 9785CH0009874 Part I Getting Started The code associated with clicking the source code icon shown in Figure 1 8 is shown in Figure 1 9 When you click the source code icon notice that another tab is added at the top of the Source window One tab has form1 cs Design on it while the other tab has form1 cs The first tab is for the view of the form in the design mode The design mode is shown in Figure 1 7 The second tab is the source code mode and shows you the code for the program under development Even though you haven t written any code yourself Visual Studio has already written some for you behind your back You can see the Test Program C source code in Figure 1 9 System System Collections Generic System Component Model System Data System Drawing System Text System Windows Forms El namespace TestProgram public partial class Formi Form public Formit TnitializeComponent i Figure 1 9 It s not necessary that you understand the code shown in Figure 1 9 at this time All you re trying to do at this point is write a very short program to see if the installation was done correctly However you will be spending a lot of time in the source code window as you write your own programs Adding an Object to a Windows Form A form with nothing on it isn t terribly interesting Let s change
11. Beginning C 3 0 Jack Purdum ISBN 978 0470 26129 3 Chapter 1 Getting Started SKU 9785CHO0098 74 Wrox Wiley Publishing Inc ISBN 978 0 470 26129 3 Title Beginning C 3 0 An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming SKU 9785CH0009874 Beginning C 3 0 Published by Wiley Publishing Inc 10475 Crosspoint Boulevard Indianapolis IN 46256 www wiley com Copyright 2007 by Wiley Publishing Inc Indianapolis Indiana ISBN 978 0 470 26129 3 Manufactured in the United States of America 10987654321 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Purdum Jack J Jack Jay Beginning C 3 0 an introduction to object oriented programming Jack Purdum v em Includes index ISBN 978 0 470 26129 3 paper website 1 Object oriented programming Computer science 2 C Computer program language I Title QA76 64 P88 2008 005 13 3 dc22 2008011056 No part of this publication may be reproduced stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic mechanical photocopying recording scanning or otherwise except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without either the prior written permission of the Publisher or authorization through payment of the appropriate per copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center 222 Rosewood Drive Danvers MA 01923 978 750 8400 fax 978 646 8600 Requests to the Publisher for permission sho
12. DateTimePicker A LinkLabl ListBox 33 ListView MaskedTextBox pa MonthCalendar a NotifyIcon X Be ee a S fe Solution TestProgram 1 projed gt G2 TestProgram S 5 S Sa Properties lt j References ES Form1 cs 4 Program cs lt i amp 23 NumericUpDown Properties Ss ba PictureBox a a TestProgram Project Propertie ProgressBar Be RadioButton Project File TestProgram cspra 25 RichTextBox abl TextBox R ToolTip Treeview EJ WebBrowser Containers Lal Menus amp Toolbars t Data Project File The name of the file containing z build configuration and other in Ready Figure 1 10 Changing the Text of a Label Object After you position the label object on the form you can set the text for the label One of the things that Visual Studio does automatically is size the label to be just big enough to accommodate the label s text Given the default font size used by Visual Studio the default height for a label is 13 pixels A pixel is one dot or point of light on the screen of your display device If you change the font size of the label object the height of the label is automatically adjusted for you Actually I am not a big fan of automatic sizing of labels For that reason I turn off the auto sizing feature To turn off auto sizing change the AutoSize proper
13. GMT RC cars robots nerf pellets and disco _ dance floors Sounds like Microsoft At Maker Faire is here F Getting Started Windows Home Server SDK is now available n Fri 06 Apr 2007 18 44 13 GMT This SDK provides you with the tools and What new mos enan information you need to create your own custom applications on top of the T aie jad Te Application Windows Home Server platform eet isual Studio Express Codename Orcas CTP Released jean Weal Ce Thu 19 Apr 2007 18 44 13 GMT The next version of the Visual Studio Connect With the Community Express Editions has been released as a Community TechnologyPreview Rae er Se TC CTP Check out what s new Download Additional Content isual Studio 2005 SP1 Update for Windows Yista now available Mon 05 Mar 2007 18 44 13 GMT Run Visual Studio 2005 on Windows vista The SP1 Update for Vista is a patch to address specific issues associated with Visual Studio 2005 running on Vista Great benefits for registered Express users Tue 7 Nov 2006 19 14 58 GMT More goodies and freebies available For all Visual C Express Headlines registered Express users including MAKE magazine discounts Intermatic home automation rebates and much more Register Today w Lit gt Ready Figure 1 4 Creating a Project Move the cursor to the upper left hand side of the screen and select the File menu option from the main program menu bar Your screen should look like what is shown in Figure 1 5
14. Studio 2008 Express Editions Find out what s new and get started by downloading this new release What s in isual Studio Express 2008 Beta 2 Fri 10 Aug 2007 18 44 13 GMT This 5 part blog series will help you to understand what new features will be directly supported inside of Visual Studio Express 2008 LINQ to anything Fri 27 Jul 2007 18 44 13 GMT You probably already know about LINQ to SQL and LINQ to XML but LINQ to Amazon Google and Flickr Find out how extensible LINQ really is Torque X game engine now live Mon 9 Jul 2007 18 44 13 GMT To assist you in getting the most out of XNA Game Studio Express independent game maker and technology provider GarageGames has created the Torque xX game engine making it easier to design and build a full featured game in managed C and the XNA Framework Great benefits for registered Express users Tue 7 Nov 2006 19 14 58 GMT More goodies and freebies available For all registered Express users including MAKE magazine discounts Intermatic home automation rebates and much more Register Today Figure 1 5 New Project Templates isual Studio installed templates a id M Windows Class Library Console Application Application My Templates Search Online Templates ag amp Empty Project Screen Saver Starter Kit Movie Collecti Ol Sh 58 S E a 4 project for creating an application with a Windows user interface Name Tes
15. a the Web hit light speed To many programmers C is Microsoft s answer to Java Some would even say that C is the result of Microsoft s stubbornness in refusing to promote a language it did not develop That sentiment is a bit too harsh Microsoft had good reasons for developing C not the least of which was that it wanted what are known as type safe programs that run in a managed environment You re not ready to appreciate exactly what that means right now but it will become clear as you learn C ISBN 978 0 470 26129 3 Title Beginning C 3 0 An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming SKU 9785CH0009874 Chapter 1 Getting Started Suffice it to say that C provides you with a robust object oriented programming language and an impressive set of tools to tackle almost any programming task Whether you wish to develop desktop distributed web or mobile applications C can handle the task As you become familiar with C you will appreciate its relatively few keywords its crisp syntax and its easy to use development environment You ll discover that pieces of programs you write in C can be reused in other programs Finally you might appreciate the fact that there are many job opportunities for programmers who know C In fact in the writer s locality as this text is being written there are more job openings for C programmers than in any other language Installing C If you have already purchased and installed Visu
16. al Studio 2008 and C you can skip this section If you haven t installed C this section tells you how to download and install the C Express version of Visual Studio C Express is a modified version of C that is available from Microsoft at no charge While the Express version of C is missing some features found in the commercial version of Visual Studio you should be able to compile and run all the sample programs in this book using C Express Once you are convinced that you should do all your development work in C and you will be you can purchase the full version of Visual Studio Downloading C Express At the time that this book is being written you can go to http msdn2 microsoft com en us express future bb421473 aspx to download C Express The web page looks similar to what is shown in Figure 1 1 As you can see if you look closely at the figure the book was written using Visual C Express Edition Beta 2 By the time you read this book it is quite likely that the Beta 2 part of the title will have changed Now click the IMG file link to download the file Download the IMG file Each Express Edition is packaged in its entirety including all optional components as an image img file Below are links to the individual image files for each Express Edition Product Download Visual Basic 2008 Express Edition Beta 2 Visual C 2008 Express Edition Beta 2 Visual Web Developer 2008 Express Edition Beta 2 Visual C 200
17. and say How could I make such a stupid mistake Not to worry we ve all been there Such mistakes are just part of the process of becoming a programmer and you should expect to make your fair share However stick with it read the book and you ll be surprised at how fast things will come together Indeed I think you ll find programming to be a truly enjoyable pastime ISBN 978 0 470 26129 3 Title Beginning C 3 0 An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming SKU 9785CH0009874 Part I Getting Started In this chapter you will learn about Q Downloading Visual Studio NET s C Express Q Installing C Express Q Testing C Express to ensure it was installed correctly With that in mind let s get started A Short History of Object Oriented Programming OOP Many people believe that OOP is a product of the 1980s and the work done by Bjarne Stroustrup in moving the C language into the object oriented world by creating the C language Actually SIMULA 1 1962 and Simula 67 1967 are the two earliest object oriented languages The work on the Simula languages was done by Ole John Dahl and Kristen Nygaard at the Norwegian Computing Center in Oslo Norway While most of the advantages of OOP were available in the earlier Simula languages it wasn t until C became entrenched in the 1990s that OOP began to flourish C was the parent language of C and it was often said that C was powerful enough to sh
18. andle almost any programming task This book walks you through this robust object oriented OOP programming language so you can quickly get started Written by a veteran programming instructor it provides you with the perfect mix of tutorial and hands on coding The author even addresses the common stumbling blocks you ll likely face when writing code for an application so that you can avoid them The book begins with a non programming language introduction to OOP and explores how objects are viewed in C New programming concepts are then slowly introduced along with the set of tools that C has to offer With the help of common easily understood exercises included in each chapter you ll dig in and start applying the concepts After completing this book you ll be writing complex OOP programs of your own design What you will learn from this book e All about the C syntax and concepts of OOP e How to design and write C programs that follow safe programming practices e Tips for utilizing statement repetition and program loops e Techniques for building and implementing your own classes e Tried and true tricks of the trade that cover everything from design basics to debugging aids e Ways to store data using disk data files and databases Who this book is for This book is for anyone who wants a thorough yet easy to understand introduction to C and Object Oriented Programming No prior programming experience is necessary All projects and
19. asy to learn development tool For C programmers interested in creating Windows Forms Windows Presentation Foundation WPF as well as class libraries and console based applications This wizard will guide you through the installation process If this product requires any prerequisites that are not currently installed on this computer you will be able to install those prerequisites as well Help Improve Setup You can submit anonymous information about your setup experiences to Microsoft To participate check the box below Yes send information about my setup experiences to Microsoft Corporation i For more information click Data Collection Policy Figure 1 2 Selecting the Installation Options Click the Next button to proceed to the next phase of the installation In short order you will see a screen similar to the one in Figure 1 3 showing Visual C Expression Edition installation options This screen presents a number of installation options from which to pick Unless you have some disk space limitations I suggest that you install all the components in the list Note that the file sizes mentioned are compressed file sizes When those files are expanded their disk space footprint is substantially larger Figure 1 3 suggests that a little over 76MB is the download file size However just before you press the Install button you can see the actual download file size compared to the expanded file size When I installed C Express
20. distillation of 25 years of programming and teaching experience I have a good idea of what works and what doesn t work when it comes to explaining complex topics so that they re easy to understand Reading each chapter gives you the tools to understand the next chapter Second I may introduce topics in one chapter and then rely heavily on those topics in a much later chapter In other words the process used to learn OOP and C is one that introduces new topics based upon ones that were introduced earlier Obviously it s important to master the earlier content before tackling the later content Finally the programming examples I use also build on concepts presented in earlier program examples It will be easier for you to understand the later program examples if you ve experimented with those programs introduced earlier in the book One more thing You cannot learn programming by just reading about it You have to dig in and start programming yourself For that reason there are exercises at the end of each chapter designed to help you hone your programming skills The learning process is even more interesting if you try to create your own programs based upon some real problems you d like to solve Don t worry if things don t fall together instantly on the first try You should plan to make a ton of flat forehead mistakes you know the kind of mistake where upon discovering it you pound the heel of your hand into your forehead
21. e label object you can change the text property of the label object to whatever you want to appear in the label In your example you want the text My first program At the present time the text property of the label object is labe1l1 not what you want Scroll the contents of the Property window down to the Text property for the label object and change it to My first program and press the Enter key Changing the Text property for the label object is shown in Figure 1 13 Notice how the first line below the Property window s title bar shows the name of the object currently in focus in the Source window labe11 in Figure 1 13 ISBN 978 0 470 26129 3 Title Beginning C 3 0 An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming SKU 9785CH0009874 Chapter 1 Getting Started Properties label System Windows Forms L AE RightToLeft Mo Size 232 23 TabIndex Oo Tag program w Text lign TopLeft UseCompatible False UseMnemonic True UseWaitCursor False visible True Text The text associated with the control Figure 1 13 Figure 1 13 is only large enough to show the last word typed into the Text property in the Property window When you look at the label in the Source window all three words appear in the label object By default the text of a label object is positioned so it appears in the upper left hand corner of the label If AutoSize is set to True you
22. easier to write and test the programs you create 10 ISBN 978 0 470 26129 3 Title Beginning C 3 0 An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming SKU 9785CH0009874 Chapter 1 Getting Started The Major IDE Windows The IDE shown in Figure 1 7 divides the screen into three windows The left window shows the Visual Studio Toolbox which by default shows some of the objects Visual Studio makes available to you If you look closely you can see that the Toolbox presents a smorgasbord of objects you can use in your programs including textboxes labels buttons and other controls you will find useful as you develop your programs The middle window is referred to as the Source window and currently shows an unadorned Visual Studio form object As presented in Figure 1 7 the form has no other objects placed on it yet That is you haven t added any other objects such as textboxes or buttons from the Toolbox onto the form You will change this later in this chapter The right side of the IDE currently shows two subwindows The subwindow on top shows the Solution Explorer Simply stated the Solution Explorer shows the current development state of your project It shows the forms the program has and its references plus other information that we ll discuss in later chapters Below the Solution Explorer window is the Properties window The purpose of the Properties window is to show you the properties associated with the object c
23. ervices please contact our Customer Care Department within the United States at 800 762 2974 outside the United States at 317 572 3993 or fax 317 572 4002 Trademarks Wiley the Wiley logo Wrox the Wrox logo Wrox Programmer to Programmer and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley amp Sons Inc and or its affiliates in the United States and other countries and may not be used without written permission All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners Wiley Publishing Inc is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books ISBN 978 0 470 26129 3 Title Beginning C 3 0 An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming SKU 9785CH0009874 Getting Started Welcome to the world of object oriented programming and C The primary goal of this book is to use the C programming language from Microsoft to teach you object oriented programming or OOP This book assumes that you have no prior programming experience in any language and that you know nothing about OOP If you do have programming experience and some familiarity with OOP that s fine Having that experience makes things easier for you However I still encourage you to read the book from start to finish for a number of reasons First this book represents the
24. n the program s title bar Surely C provides a property that enables you to change the title bar Hint It does provide such a property Play around with some of the other properties and see what they do For example change the foreground property and see what happens Each chapter in this book has a set of exercises at the end of the chapter that you should do before reading the next chapter I realize that you re anxious to move on to the next chapter but resist the temptation and do the exercises They ll help crystallize what you ve learned in the current chapter and better prepare you for the content of the next chapter You can find the solutions in Appendix A Programming should be fun and some of that fun comes from discovering what happens if you change this to that If you see smoke coming out of your computer don t make that change again Just kidding you can t hurt your computer if you make an incorrect change to a property Experiment and have fun 17 ISBN 978 0 470 26129 3 Title Beginning C 3 0 An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming SKU 9785CH0009874 ISBN 978 0 470 26129 3 Title Beginning C 3 0 An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming SKU 9785CH0009874 CHECK OUT THIS BOOK IN ITS ENTIRETY Beginning jack Puram Ph CO 978 0 470 26129 3 Paper 552 pages Visit us at wrox com Whether you want to develop desktop distributed web or mobile applications C can h
25. on and go fix yourself a sandwich it s going to take a while for things to get installed While I was working through the installation process the install software sensed that some of the Windows software on my system was outdated I was asked if I wanted to install the updates and patches that had come out since I last updated my system Because the list also included several patches to Visual Studio I said yes It took almost two hours to download and update my software However when the updates were finished the C Express installer picked up right where it had left off and the installation continued without a hitch While it does take some time you should update your software if the installer offers you that option Eventually the installation process ends honest If you updated your system software as part of the installation process the installer will ask you at some point if you wish to restart your computer Answer yes if you are asked After the system restarts and the software has been installed you should see a new icon on your desktop labeled Microsoft Visual C 2008 Express Edition You should be able to double click the new icon and launch C Express ISBN 978 0 470 26129 3 Title Beginning C 3 0 An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming SKU 9785CH0009874 Part Getting Started A Test Program Using C Express While things may appear to have been installed properly you can t be certain un
26. oot yourself in the foot multiple times C on the other hand not only was powerful enough to shoot yourself in the foot but you could blow your entire leg off without too much difficulty Most programmers admit that C is a very powerful language and it is still in widespread use today However with that power comes a lot of complexity Language developers wanted a simpler and perhaps less complex language for OOP development The next step in the development of OOP started in January of 1991 when James Gosling Bill Joy Patrick Naughton Mike Sheradin and several others met in Aspen Colorado to discuss ideas for the Stealth Project The group wanted to develop intelligent electronic devices capable of being centrally controlled and programmed from a handheld device They decided that OOP was the right direction to go with the development language but felt that C was not up to the job The result was the Oak programming language named after an oak tree outside Gosling s window which eventually morphed into the Java programming language Oak had to be renamed because the team discovered that a language by that name already existed Java quickly grew in popularity spurred by the growth of the World Wide Web In both cases this rapid growth was in part due to the fact that the guts necessary to run Java programs on the Web quickly became an integral part of various web browsers With the improved Web functionality augmented by Jav
27. tProgram Figure 1 6 In Figure 1 6 you are given a number of predefined project templates from which to choose These templates define the types of programs that you can develop with C When you select one of the templates Visual Studio creates that type of project for you as well as writing some stub code for you Title Beginning C 3 0 An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming SKU 9785CH0009874 Part I Getting Started Stub codes are predefined pieces of code that Visual Studio writes for you as a background process From the templates shown in Figure 1 6 select the Windows Application template You should also type in the name you wish the program to have I have typed in Test Program for our example Click OK after you ve entered the program name you wish to use The C Integrated Development Environment You should now see something like Figure 1 7 on your screen Figure 1 7 shows you where you ll be spending a lot of your programming time as you read this book It s called the Integrated Development Environment or IDE because virtually every programming tool you need to write C programs is available to you there Run Icon Source Window TestProgram Microsoft Visual C 2005 Express Edition ER Fie Edit view Project Build Debug Data Tools Windbw Community Help VRE Ral a E IF RE te a ee oe a L LAAT A BA a ee E E E E EE E E Toolbox xX p Formi cs Design Start Page Solution
28. til you actually write a program and try to run it That s the purpose of this section of the chapter The program is about as simple as we can make a program while remaining confident that the installation was successful After you double click the C Express icon on your desktop you should see a C Express startup screen similar to the one shown in Figure 1 4 Start Page Microsoft Visual C 2005 Express Edition LEK Fie Edit View Tools Window Community Help To RERA A N IP MET ee a ee ILE ee Miene i E a Toolbox 4 X Start Page l Solution Explorer E X Microsoft m SEPSA T a There are no usable controls Visua C 2005 in this group Drag an item Express Edition onto this text to add it to the toolbox Recent Projects MSDN isual C Express Edition FirstApp Announcing the Facebook Developer Toolkit Thu 24 May 2007 18 44 13 GMT Do you have a Facebook account and want to do more with it Start creating cool fun applications and Web sites with the Facebook Developer Toolkit Popfly goes the Web Fri 18 May 2007 18 44 13 GMT Announcing the private invitation only alpha for Popfly Popfly is a tool that provides a fun and easy way to build and share mash ups gadgets Silverlight experiences and Web pages Open Project using pre built Blocks that connect to online services Create Project Microsoft at Maker Faire 2007 Wed 9 May 2007 18 44 13
29. ty from True as shown in Figure 1 11 to False You may have to scroll down in the Property window to be able to see the AutoSize property displayed in the Properties window Click the down arrow at the right end of the textbox to display the choices you have for the property In this case you can choose only True or False Select False The auto sizing of the label object is now turned off 13 ISBN 978 0 470 26129 3 Title Beginning C 3 0 An Introduction to Object Oriented Programming SKU 9785CH0009874 Part I Getting Started Properties i x label System Windows Forms L ejaj E AccessibleNam AccessibleRole Default AllowOrop False Anchor Top Left Eo AutoEllipsis False True gt BackColor Borderstyle CausesValidati on ContextMenus none ha AutoSize Enables automatic resizing based on Font size Mote that this is onl Figure 1 11 After you set AutoSize to False you can resize the label object in the Source window by clicking the white sizing boxes that appear on the ends and corners of the label object In Figure 1 12 I have increased the width of the label by clicking the middle sizing box on the right edge of the label object and dragging the edge to the right until I got the desired size I then released the left mouse button to end up with the label object shown in Figure 1 12 T o Figure 1 12 After you have set the size of th
30. uld be addressed to the Legal Department Wiley Publishing Inc 10475 Crosspoint Blvd Indianapolis IN 46256 317 572 3447 fax 317 572 4355 or online at http www wiley com go permissions Limit of Liability Disclaimer of Warranty The publisher and the author make no representations or warranties with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents of this work and specifically disclaim all warranties including without limitation warranties of fitness for a particular purpose No warranty may be created or extended by sales or promotional materials The advice and strategies contained herein may not be suitable for every situation This work is sold with the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering legal accounting or other professional services If professional assistance is required the services of a competent professional person should be sought Neither the publisher nor the author shall be liable for damages arising herefrom The fact that an organization or Website is referred to in this work as a citation and or a potential source of further information does not mean that the author or the publisher endorses the information the organization or Website may provide or recommendations it may make Further readers should be aware that Internet Websites listed in this work may have changed or disappeared between when this work was written and when it is read For general information on our other products and s
31. urrently in focus in the Source window If you look closely at the form in the Source window in Figure 1 7 you ll notice that it has a couple of small white boxes along its edge These are called sizing boxes and their purpose is to enable you to alter the size of the objects to which they are attached However the sizing boxes also show which object in the Source window currently has the attention or focus of Visual Studio Whatever object has the focus in the Source window is also the object that the Properties window displays In Figure 1 7 the properties shown in the Properties window apply to the form shown in the Source window Visual Studio always maintains this relationship between the object in focus in the Source window and the information displayed in the Properties window Using the Source Code Window If you click Form1 cs in the Solution Explorer window you can move to the Solution Explorer menu bar and click the source code icon to view the code that Visual Studio has written for you thus far Figure 1 8 shows you the location of the source code icon in the Solution Explorer window When you hover the cursor over the source code icon a small textbox opens and displays the words View Code as shown in Figure 1 8 Solution Explorer Solu fa 22 Leal Solution Test brojed is eatea Code H a Properties H ea References pe HE Formi Designer cs gt t Form resx ct Program cs Figure 1 8 11 IS
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